Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2367 970426 583855 2026-10-22T16:48:01Z Nanahtj 50006 970426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Kampala Road, Habitat, Uganda.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kampala Road, Habitat, Uganda]] [[File:Uganda on the move.jpg|thumb|kasar uganda]] [[File:Yoweri Museveni 2015 2.jpg|thumb|Yoweri Museveni shugaba na yanzu]] (Da yaren Ugandan ''Yuganda''), a hukumance kuma a turance a na kiranta: '''Republic of Uganda''' (Swahili: ''Jamhuri ta Ugandaa ne''), kasa ce da take a gabashin [[Afirka]]. Kasar tayi iyaka da [[Kenya]] daga arewa, da kuma [[Sudan ta Kudu|Sudan]] ta kudu daga yamma, sai kuma Democradiyan Congo daga kudu maso yammah, Rwanda ta kudu, uganda ta na da yawan jama`a sama da kimani 8.5million, babban birnin kasarita ce [[Kampala|Kampal]]<nowiki/>a. == A masarautan Buganda == Tana da yawan jama'a fiye da miliyan arba'in da biyu (42). wanda miliyan takwas da digo biyar 8.5 ke zaune a babban birnin kasar kuma mafi girma a Kampala. Uganda tana da sunan masarautar Buganda. [[File:Ugandan Children during traditional dance.jpg|thumb|'ada a kasar uganda]] == Faaro == == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Bahai_Temple_Kawempe.jpg|Wurin bauta na Bahai File:Tororo Rock.jpg|Dutsen Tororo File:Old kampala.jpg|Wani tsohon Massallaci, Kampala File:Portbell.jpg|Portbell File:Kampala evening.jpg|Titi Mai cike da hada-hada a birnin Kampala File:The tower at Uganda's parliament.jpg|Hasumiya a majalisar dokokin Uganda File:Evening, Nile River, Uganda.jpg|Kogi a kasar Uganda File:Ugandan Children during traditional dance.jpg|Yara yan kasan Uganda na wasa File:Lion, Murchison Falls National Park 2017-12-04.jpg| Damisa a kasar </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Afirka}} {{stub}} [[Category:Afirka]] k3n3mke9gs41skjc9z1nj9s80m7gkt1 10 2599 970371 606940 2026-10-22T14:19:39Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970371 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <div class="references-small {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | references-column-width | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}}>1 | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{1}}} }} }} }}" {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}| style="-moz-column-width:{{{colwidth}}}; column-width:{{{colwidth}}};" | {{#if: {{{1|}}}| style="-moz-column-count:{{{1}}}; column-count:{{{1}}};" }} }}> {{#tag:references||group={{{group|}}}}} </div> <noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> byhustohbxr2vyjee2wf6bpio00pmdp 0 3854 970548 888989 2026-10-23T07:35:25Z Hauwau Sani A 48802 970548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni A.S.W da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Adamu, Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) a [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> jpvjiz93uc583ez14kdm2k49pik7b89 970549 970548 2026-10-23T07:40:13Z Hauwau Sani A 48802 970549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni (s.a.w)da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Adamu, Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) a [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> ek6hrhd6bvgl238z1m95j2i8ck3bka7 970550 970549 2026-10-23T07:42:24Z Hauwau Sani A 48802 970550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni (s.a.w)da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Adamu, Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) da [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> pesgo4kubhggb8brzwr41d951hwidqw 970551 970550 2026-10-23T07:43:56Z Hauwau Sani A 48802 970551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni (s.a.w)da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Annabi Adamu, Annabi Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) da [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> ebrbkvk3svvigbower437wjkxzm5qea 970552 970551 2026-10-23T07:49:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Muhammad]] to [[Muhammad (SAW)]] over redirect 970551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni (s.a.w)da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Annabi Adamu, Annabi Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) da [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> ebrbkvk3svvigbower437wjkxzm5qea 10 5158 970396 49356 2026-10-22T15:41:14Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}<includeonly>{{template other|{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Infobox||{{#ifeq:{{str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}}|7}}|Infobox|[[Category:Infobox templates|{{remove first word|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}]]}}}}|}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> f4hgwrnr11ahhwyo266vcd10dpi92pe 828 5160 970417 27546 2026-10-22T16:25:33Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970417 Scribunto text/plain -- Inputs: -- image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link -- page - page to display for multipage images (DjVu) -- size - size to display the image -- maxsize - maximum size for image -- sizedefault - default size to display the image if size param is blank -- alt - alt text for image -- title - title text for image -- border - set to yes if border -- center - set to yes, if the image has to be centered -- upright - upright image param -- suppressplaceholder - if yes then checks to see if image is a placeholder and suppresses it -- link - page to visit when clicking on image -- class - HTML classes to add to the image -- Outputs: -- Formatted image. -- More details available at the "Module:InfoboxImage/doc" page local i = {} -- List of placeholder images and tracking categories stored in [[Module:InfoboxImage/data]] -- Other constants: -- the system-wide default thumbnail size (in px) local defaultThumbnailSize = 250 -- If page is not a user page, return tracking category. Else return empty. local function trackingCat(cat) local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText:lower() local categories = mw.loadData('Module:InfoboxImage/data').categories return (ns ~= 'user' and ns ~= 'user talk' and categories[cat]) or "" end -- Determine whether image is a placeholder function i.IsPlaceholder(image) -- change underscores to spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "_", " "); assert(image ~= nil, 'mw.ustring.gsub(image, "_", " ") must not return nil') -- if image starts with [[ then remove that and anything after | if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then image = mw.ustring.sub(image,3); image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "([^|]*)|.*", "%1"); assert(image ~= nil, 'mw.ustring.gsub(image, "([^|]*)|.*", "%1") must not return nil') end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); assert(image ~= nil, "mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1') must not return nil") -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- capitalise first letter image = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(image,2); local placeholder_image = mw.loadData('Module:InfoboxImage/data').placeholder_image return placeholder_image[image] end local function isempty(x) return (not x) or x == "" end -- Main entry point function i.InfoboxImage(frame) local image = frame.args["image"]; if isempty(image) then return ""; end if image == "&nbsp;" then return image; end if frame.args["suppressplaceholder"] ~= "no" then if i.IsPlaceholder(image) == true then return ""; end end if string.find(image, "^%[*https?:") then -- Error category. return trackingCat("url_image_links") end if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then -- search for thumbnail images and add to tracking cat if found local cat = ""; if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 and (mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumb%s*[|%]]") or mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumbnail%s*[|%]]")) then cat = trackingCat("thumbnail_images") end return image .. cat; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "{{" and mw.ustring.sub(image,1,3) ~= "{{{" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1) == "<" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,8) == mw.ustring.char(127).."'\"`UNIQ" then -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all return image; else local result = ""; local page = frame.args["page"]; local upright = frame.args["upright"] or "" local size = frame.args["size"]; local maxsize = frame.args["maxsize"]; local sizedefault = frame.args["sizedefault"]; local alt = frame.args["alt"]; local link = frame.args["link"]; local title = frame.args["title"]; local border = frame.args["border"]; local thumbtime = frame.args["thumbtime"] or ""; local center = frame.args["center"]; local class = frame.args["class"]; -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end if not isempty(maxsize) then -- if no sizedefault nor upright, then set to maxsize if isempty(sizedefault) and isempty(upright) then sizedefault = maxsize end -- check to see if size bigger than maxsize local maxsizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(maxsize,"%d*")) or 0; if not isempty(size) then local sizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(size,"%d*")) or 0; if sizenumber > maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber > 0 then size = maxsize; end end -- check to see if upright bigger than maxsize (at default preferred size) if not isempty(upright) then local uprightnumber = tonumber(upright) or (upright == "yes" and 0.75) or 0 if uprightnumber*defaultThumbnailSize > maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber > 0 then upright = tostring(maxsizenumber/defaultThumbnailSize) end end end -- add px to size if just a number if (tonumber(size) or 0) > 0 then size = size .. "px"; end -- add px to sizedefault if just a number if (tonumber(sizedefault) or 0) > 0 then sizedefault = sizedefault .. "px"; end result = "[[File:" .. image; if not isempty(page) then result = result .. "|page=" .. page; end if not isempty(size) then result = result .. "|" .. size; elseif not isempty(sizedefault) and isempty(upright) then result = result .. "|" .. sizedefault; else result = result .. "|frameless"; end if center == "yes" then result = result .. "|center" end if not isempty(alt) then result = result .. "|alt=" .. alt; end if not isempty(link) then result = result .. "|link=" .. link; end if border == "yes" then result = result .. "|border"; end if upright == "yes" then result = result .. "|upright"; elseif upright ~= "" then result = result .. "|upright=" .. upright; end if thumbtime ~= "" then result = result .. "|thumbtime=" .. thumbtime; end if not isempty(class) then result = result .. "|class=" .. class; end -- if alt value is a keyword then do not use as a description if alt == "thumbnail" or alt == "thumb" or alt == "frameless" or alt == "left" or alt == "center" or alt == "right" or alt == "upright" or alt == "border" or mw.ustring.match(alt or "", '^[0-9]*px$', 1) ~= nil then alt = nil; end if not isempty(title) then -- does title param contain any templatestyles? If yes then set to blank. if mw.ustring.match(frame:preprocess(title), 'UNIQ%-%-templatestyles', 1) ~= nil then title = nil; end end if not isempty(title) then result = result .. "|" .. title; end result = result .. "]]"; return result; end end return i; jhks6vfk9v2iehyrc6dp50ju1s294vf 970418 970417 2026-10-22T16:26:39Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/970417|970417]] by [[Special:Contributions/Yahuzaishat|Yahuzaishat]] ([[User talk:Yahuzaishat|talk]]) 970418 Scribunto text/plain -- Inputs: -- image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link -- size - size to display the image -- maxsize - maximum size for image -- sizedefault - default size to display the image if size param is blank -- alt - alt text for image -- title - title text for image -- border - set to yes if border -- center - set to yes, if the image has to be centered -- upright - upright image param -- suppressplaceholder - if yes then checks to see if image is a placeholder and suppresses it -- link - page to visit when clicking on image -- Outputs: -- Formatted image. -- More details available at the "Module:InfoboxImage/doc" page local i = {}; local placeholder_image = { "Blue - Replace this image female.svg", "Blue - Replace this image male.svg", "Female no free image yet.png", "Flag of None (square).svg", "Flag of None.svg", "Flag of.svg", "Green - Replace this image female.svg", "Green - Replace this image male.svg", "Image is needed female.svg", "Image is needed male.svg", "Location map of None.svg", "Male no free image yet.png", "Missing flag.png", "No flag.svg", "No free portrait.svg", "No portrait (female).svg", "No portrait (male).svg", "Red - Replace this image female.svg", "Red - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image female (blue).svg", "Replace this image female.svg", "Replace this image male (blue).svg", "Replace this image male.svg", "Silver - Replace this image female.svg", "Silver - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image.svg", "Cricket no pic.png", "CarersLogo.gif", "Diagram Needed.svg", "Example.jpg", "Image placeholder.png", "No male portrait.svg", "Nocover-upload.png", "NoDVDcover copy.png", "Noribbon.svg", "No portrait-BFD-test.svg", "Placeholder barnstar ribbon.png", "Project Trains no image.png", "Image-request.png", "Sin bandera.svg", "Sin escudo.svg", "Replace this image - temple.png", "Replace this image butterfly.png", "Replace this image.svg", "Replace this image1.svg", "Resolution angle.png", "Image-No portrait-text-BFD-test.svg", "Insert image here.svg", "No image available.png", "NO IMAGE YET square.png", "NO IMAGE YET.png", "No Photo Available.svg", "No Screenshot.svg", "No-image-available.jpg", "Null.png", "PictureNeeded.gif", "Place holder.jpg", "Unbenannt.JPG", "UploadACopyrightFreeImage.svg", "UploadAnImage.gif", "UploadAnImage.svg", "UploadAnImageShort.svg", } function i.IsPlaceholder(image) -- change underscores to spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "_", " "); -- if image starts with [[ then remove that and anything after | if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then image = mw.ustring.sub(image,3); image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "([^|]*)|.*", "%1"); end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- capitalise first letter image = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(image,2); for i,j in pairs(placeholder_image) do if image == j then return true end end return false end function i.InfoboxImage(frame) local image = frame.args["image"]; if image == "" or image == nil then return ""; end if image == "&nbsp;" then return image; end if frame.args["suppressplaceholder"] ~= "no" then if i.IsPlaceholder(image) == true then return ""; end end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5)) == "http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,8)) == "[[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then -- search for thumbnail images and add to tracking cat if found if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 and (mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumb%s*[|%]]") or mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumbnail%s*[|%]]")) then return image .. "[[Category:Pages using infoboxes with thumbnail images]]"; else return image; end elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "{{" and mw.ustring.sub(image,1,3) ~= "{{{" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1) == "<" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5) == mw.ustring.char(127).."UNIQ" then -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all return image; else local result = ""; local size = frame.args["size"]; local maxsize = frame.args["maxsize"]; local sizedefault = frame.args["sizedefault"]; local alt = frame.args["alt"]; local link = frame.args["link"]; local title = frame.args["title"]; local border = frame.args["border"]; local upright = frame.args["upright"] or ""; local thumbtime = frame.args["thumbtime"] or ""; local center= frame.args["center"]; -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end if maxsize ~= "" and maxsize ~= nil then -- if no sizedefault then set to maxsize if sizedefault == "" or sizedefault == nil then sizedefault = maxsize end -- check to see if size bigger than maxsize if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then local sizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(size,"%d*")) or 0; local maxsizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(maxsize,"%d*")) or 0; if sizenumber>maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber>0 then size = maxsize; end end end -- add px to size if just a number if (tonumber(size) or 0) > 0 then size = size .. "px"; end result = "[[File:" .. image; if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. size; elseif sizedefault ~= "" and sizedefault ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. sizedefault; else result = result .. "|frameless"; end if center == "yes" then result = result .. "|center" end if alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|alt=" .. alt; end if link ~= "" and link ~= nil then result = result .. "|link=" .. link; end if border == "yes" then result = result .. "|border"; end if upright ~= "" then result = result .. "|upright=" .. upright; end if thumbtime ~= "" then result = result .. "|thumbtime=" .. thumbtime; end if title ~= "" and title ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. title; elseif alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. alt; end result = result .. "]]"; return result; end end return i; 3ac74xu6cc39qhgy20pkwlgaewoetbu 970419 970418 2026-10-22T16:28:08Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970419 Scribunto text/plain -- Inputs: -- image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link -- size - size to display the image -- maxsize - maximum size for image -- sizedefault - default size to display the image if size param is blank -- alt - alt text for image -- title - title text for image -- border - set to yes if border -- center - set to yes, if the image has to be centered -- upright - upright image param -- suppressplaceholder - if yes then checks to see if image is a placeholder and suppresses it -- link - page to visit when clicking on image -- Outputs: -- Formatted image. -- More details available at the "Module:InfoboxImage/doc" page local i = {}; local placeholder_image = { "Blue - Replace this image female.svg", "Blue - Replace this image male.svg", "Female no free image yet.png", "Flag of None (square).svg", "Flag of None.svg", "Flag of.svg", "Green - Replace this image female.svg", "Green - Replace this image male.svg", "Image is needed female.svg", "Image is needed male.svg", "Location map of None.svg", "Male no free image yet.png", "Missing flag.png", "No flag.svg", "No free portrait.svg", "No portrait (female).svg", "No portrait (male).svg", "Red - Replace this image female.svg", "Red - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image female (blue).svg", "Replace this image female.svg", "Replace this image male (blue).svg", "Replace this image male.svg", "Silver - Replace this image female.svg", "Silver - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image.svg", "Cricket no pic.png", "CarersLogo.gif", "Diagram Needed.svg", "Example.jpg", "Image placeholder.png", "No male portrait.svg", "Nocover-upload.png", "NoDVDcover copy.png", "Noribbon.svg", "No portrait-BFD-test.svg", "Placeholder barnstar ribbon.png", "Project Trains no image.png", "Image-request.png", "Sin bandera.svg", "Sin escudo.svg", "Replace this image - temple.png", "Replace this image butterfly.png", "Replace this image.svg", "Replace this image1.svg", "Resolution angle.png", "Image-No portrait-text-BFD-test.svg", "Insert image here.svg", "No image available.png", "NO IMAGE YET square.png", "NO IMAGE YET.png", "No Photo Available.svg", "No Screenshot.svg", "No-image-available.jpg", "Null.png", "PictureNeeded.gif", "Place holder.jpg", "Unbenannt.JPG", "UploadACopyrightFreeImage.svg", "UploadAnImage.gif", "UploadAnImage.svg", "UploadAnImageShort.svg", } function i.IsPlaceholder(image) -- change underscores to spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "_", " "); -- if image starts with [[ then remove that and anything after | if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then image = mw.ustring.sub(image,3); image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "([^|]*)|.*", "%1"); end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- capitalise first letter image = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(image,2); for i,j in pairs(placeholder_image) do if image == j then return true end end return false end function i.InfoboxImage(frame) local image = frame.args["image"]; if image == "" or image == nil then return ""; end if image == "&nbsp;" then return image; end if frame.args["suppressplaceholder"] ~= "no" then if i.IsPlaceholder(image) == true then return ""; end end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5)) == "http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,8)) == "[[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then -- search for thumbnail images and add to tracking cat if found if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 and (mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumb%s*[|%]]") or mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumbnail%s*[|%]]")) then return image .. "[[Category:Pages using infoboxes with thumbnail images]]"; else return image; end elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "{{" and mw.ustring.sub(image,1,3) ~= "{{{" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1) == "<" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5) == mw.ustring.char(127).."UNIQ" then -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all return image; else local result = ""; local size = frame.args["size"]; local maxsize = frame.args["maxsize"]; local sizedefault = frame.args["sizedefault"]; local alt = frame.args["alt"]; local link = frame.args["link"]; local title = frame.args["title"]; local border = frame.args["border"]; local upright = frame.args["upright"] or ""; local thumbtime = frame.args["thumbtime"] or ""; local center= frame.args["center"]; -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end if maxsize ~= "" and maxsize ~= nil then -- if no sizedefault then set to maxsize if sizedefault == "" or sizedefault == nil then sizedefault = maxsize end -- check to see if size bigger than maxsize if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then local sizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(size,"%d*")) or 0; local maxsizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(maxsize,"%d*")) or 0; if sizenumber>maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber>0 then size = maxsize; end end end -- add px to size if just a number if (tonumber(size) or 0) > 0 then size = size .. "px"; end result = "[[File:" .. image; if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. size; elseif sizedefault ~= "" and sizedefault ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. sizedefault; else result = result .. "|frameless"; end if center == "yes" then result = result .. "|center" end if alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|alt=" .. alt; end if link ~= "" and link ~= nil then result = result .. "|link=" .. link; end if border == "yes" then result = result .. "|border"; end if upright ~= "" then result = result .. "|upright=" .. upright; end if thumbtime ~= "" then result = result .. "|thumbtime=" .. thumbtime; end if title ~= "" and title ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. title; elseif alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. alt; end result = result .. "]]"; return result; end end -- Additional function for Infobox settlement. -- Preserves the existing InfoboxImage implementation. function i.autoWithCaption(frame) local args = frame.args local image = args.image or "" local caption = args.caption or args.image_caption or "" if image == "" then return "" end local imageArgs = { image = image, size = args.size or args.image_size or "", maxsize = args.maxsize or "", sizedefault = args.sizedefault or "", alt = args.alt or args.image_alt or "", link = args.link or "", title = "", border = args.border or "", center = args.center or "", upright = args.upright or "", thumbtime = args.thumbtime or "", suppressplaceholder = args.suppressplaceholder or "" } local formattedImage = i.InfoboxImage({ args = imageArgs }) if formattedImage == "" then return "" end if caption ~= "" then return formattedImage .. "<div class=\"ib-settlement-caption\">" .. mw.text.nowiki("") .. caption .. "</div>" end return formattedImage end return i; 80xny5fp0zcse5vbysf80t5stki7xf9 0 5800 970547 916999 2026-10-23T07:32:14Z Hauwau Sani A 48802 970547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Gogori central primary school.jpg|thumb|Primary school in Kano State]] '''Gogori''' wani gari ne dake a ƙaramar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a arewacin jahar [[Kano]] [[Najeriya]]. Gogori ta kafu ne ga wani mutumin [[Bamaguje]] da ake kiransa da suna kacca yana da ɗa guda daya ana ce masa gori ya kasan ce bahaushe ne,haka shi kansa mutum ne mai goro har tsufar da ya manyan ta babu haƙora a bakin sa, Sai dansa gori ya rinka taimaka masa wajen goga masa goro don yasa a bakinsa, duk lokacin da ya bukaci goron sai yace wa dan nasa Gori goga min goro, a haka ne aka samu sunan garin Gogori. Wannan garin yana da fadin kasa wanda takai daya fidda garuruwa guda uku, Daga cikin sa akwai wani garin Kadamu dake karamar hukumar shanono 2. Sare sare dake karamar hukumar Bagwai da liringo dake wannan karamar hukuma ta bagwai. kai har izuwa yau akwai gonar gandu dake a yankin ta gogori wanda Madaki Abdullahi muhammad Sambo ya bibiya ya gano ta. [[Gogori]] tana da rafuka guda biyu (2) daka yamma akwai kigi sannan kuma daga arewa akwai Watari wanda tana daya daga rafukan da ake dasu duk a jahar kano da kasa baki ɗaya. Wannan gari akwai tarin albarka a cikin sa,da haka muka zakulo muku wannan tarihin garin Gogori. Sannan muka bincika kaf, a wannan gari na Gogori ba'a taba cin sa da yaƙi ba.duk lokacin da akazo da zummar yaki a cikinsa sai garin kaga ya zama kufai, ko kuma kaga rafin watari ya cika makil da ruwa yana ta gudu. Wannan gari shine mutum da yayi yake-yake da kuma samun nasara wannan garin Gogori akwai wani Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumma'a sa ne a shekarar 1925 Wanda makama ya sa harsashin ginin Maciji daka arewa maso yamma a gindin wata [[kuka]] ana ce masa Nazimu kuma yana fitowa ne duk kusan kwana bakwai wanda zai zagaya garin da daddare ko da yamma ba ruwansa da kowa inzai fito sunsan shi,donuna sanji don zaka rinka jin motsin fitowar sa Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumaa sa ne ashekarar 1925, Wanda makaman Kano na wannan lokachi ya zo ya sa harsashin ginin na ƙasa a wancan lokachi. ===Sunayen Limaman Juma'a == 1.Liman Isah kofar Kudi 2.Liman Alkasim Dan Almajirai 3.Liman Malam Mu,azu Zango 4. Liman Malam Haruna 5. Shike Adam Sa'id Gogori I zuwa yanzu inori alo Saniin madaki sani shi ne a kaba rikon garin [[Bagwai]] na tsawon shekara uku sakamakon wasu abubuwa dake nuna akwai a garin. na sarautar Gogori na daya daga cikin mazabu goma dake a karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]], Kuma daya daga masarautun dagaci dake yankin masarautar hakimin [[Bagwai]] a [[Bichi|Masarautar Bichi]]. == Unguwanni a Gogori == * Dafka * [[Gwanki|Gwanki Babba]] * Kodan Hayi * Kofar Kudu * Kofar Yamma * Rigar-Giɗaɗo(Gwankin Ɗankwari/Umbawa) * Rura * Tudun budu * [[Zangon Waje|Zango]] == Sarakunan Garin Gogori == Sarakunan Gogori sun fara ne daga habe, karfin Fulani. Kawo yanzu, ba mu da cikakken bayanin Wanda suka yi saruta daga habe. Ta bangaren Fulani kuwa Sun kasu gida biyu: 1 Rumawa daga [[Gwanki]]: * Madaki Muhammadu Sani * Madaki Muhammadu Dini * Madaki Muhammad Sani II * Madki Muhammadu Muazu 2 Sullubawa daga Rura: * Madaki Muhammadu Sambo * Madaki Isah Muhammad 1986-1994 * Madaki Abdullahi Muhammad 1994-2014 * Madaki Shehu Muhammad 2014-zuwa yau ==Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da Gogori== * Mal. Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano. 59km ==Birane mafiya kusa da Gogori == * [[Kano]] 58km * [[Katsina]] 149.8km * [[Zariya]] 155.1km * [[Kaduna]] 229.5m ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} pvyrytzkipbxaavbo3qe1gelutjo5o5 970558 970547 2026-10-23T07:55:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 970558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Gogori central primary school.jpg|thumb|Primary school in Kano State]] '''Gogori''' wani gari ne dake a ƙaramar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a arewacin jahar [[Kano]] [[Najeriya]]. Wani mutum Bamaguje ne ya kafa Gogori, wanda da ake kiransa da suna Kacca yana da ɗa guda daya ana ce masa Gori ya kasance bahaushe ne, haka shi kansa mutum ne mai goro har tsufar da ya manyan ta babu haƙora a bakin sa, Sai dansa gori ya rinka taimaka masa wajen goga masa goro don yasa a bakinsa, duk lokacin da ya bukaci goron sai yace wa dan nasa Gori goga min goro, a haka ne aka samu sunan garin Gogori. Wannan garin yana da fadin kasa wanda takai daya fidda garuruwa guda uku, Daga cikin sa akwai wani garin Kadamu dake karamar hukumar shanono 2. Sare sare dake karamar hukumar Bagwai da liringo dake wannan karamar hukuma ta bagwai. kai har izuwa yau akwai gonar gandu dake a yankin ta gogori wanda Madaki Abdullahi muhammad Sambo ya bibiya ya gano ta. [[Gogori]] tana da rafuka guda biyu (2) daka yamma akwai kigi sannan kuma daga arewa akwai Watari wanda tana daya daga rafukan da ake dasu duk a jahar kano da kasa baki ɗaya. Wannan gari akwai tarin albarka a cikin sa,da haka muka zakulo muku wannan tarihin garin Gogori. Sannan muka bincika kaf, a wannan gari na Gogori ba'a taba cin sa da yaƙi ba.duk lokacin da akazo da zummar yaki a cikinsa sai garin kaga ya zama kufai, ko kuma kaga rafin watari ya cika makil da ruwa yana ta gudu. Wannan gari shine mutum da yayi yake-yake da kuma samun nasara wannan garin Gogori akwai wani Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumma'a sa ne a shekarar 1925 Wanda makama ya sa harsashin ginin Maciji daka arewa maso yamma a gindin wata [[kuka]] ana ce masa Nazimu kuma yana fitowa ne duk kusan kwana bakwai wanda zai zagaya garin da daddare ko da yamma ba ruwansa da kowa inzai fito sunsan shi,donuna sanji don zaka rinka jin motsin fitowar sa Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumaa sa ne ashekarar 1925, Wanda makaman Kano na wannan lokachi ya zo ya sa harsashin ginin na ƙasa a wancan lokachi. ===Sunayen Limaman Juma'a == 1.Liman Isah kofar Kudi 2.Liman Alkasim Dan Almajirai 3.Liman Malam Mu,azu Zango 4. Liman Malam Haruna 5. Shike Adam Sa'id Gogori I zuwa yanzu inori alo Saniin madaki sani shi ne a kaba rikon garin [[Bagwai]] na tsawon shekara uku sakamakon wasu abubuwa dake nuna akwai a garin. na sarautar Gogori na daya daga cikin mazabu goma dake a karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]], Kuma daya daga masarautun dagaci dake yankin masarautar hakimin [[Bagwai]] a [[Bichi|Masarautar Bichi]]. == Unguwanni a Gogori == * Dafka * [[Gwanki|Gwanki Babba]] * Kodan Hayi * Kofar Kudu * Kofar Yamma * Rigar-Giɗaɗo(Gwankin Ɗankwari/Umbawa) * Rura * Tudun budu * [[Zangon Waje|Zango]] == Sarakunan Garin Gogori == Sarakunan Gogori sun fara ne daga habe, karfin Fulani. Kawo yanzu, ba mu da cikakken bayanin Wanda suka yi saruta daga habe. Ta bangaren Fulani kuwa Sun kasu gida biyu: 1 Rumawa daga [[Gwanki]]: * Madaki Muhammadu Sani * Madaki Muhammadu Dini * Madaki Muhammad Sani II * Madki Muhammadu Muazu 2 Sullubawa daga Rura: * Madaki Muhammadu Sambo * Madaki Isah Muhammad 1986-1994 * Madaki Abdullahi Muhammad 1994-2014 * Madaki Shehu Muhammad 2014-zuwa yau ==Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da Gogori== * Mal. Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano. 59km ==Birane mafiya kusa da Gogori == * [[Kano]] 58km * [[Katsina]] 149.8km * [[Zariya]] 155.1km * [[Kaduna]] 229.5m ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} nj2jtiflvkf6mi74nnpgjikcxh4sx43 970559 970558 2026-10-23T08:02:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 970559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Gogori central primary school.jpg|thumb|Primary school in Kano State]] '''Gogori''' wani gari ne dake a ƙaramar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a arewacin jahar [[Kano]] [[Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.mindat.org/feature-2340493.html</ref> Wani mutum Bamaguje ne ya kafa Gogori, wanda da ake kiransa da suna Kacca yana da ɗa guda daya ana ce masa Gori ya kasance bahaushe ne, haka shi kansa mutum ne mai goro har tsufar da ya manyan ta babu haƙora a bakin sa, Sai dansa gori ya rinka taimaka masa wajen goga masa goro don yasa a bakinsa, duk lokacin da ya bukaci goron sai yace wa dan nasa Gori goga min goro, a haka ne aka samu sunan garin Gogori. Wannan garin yana da fadin kasa wanda takai daya fidda garuruwa guda uku, Daga cikin sa akwai wani garin Kadamu dake karamar hukumar shanono 2. Sare sare dake karamar hukumar Bagwai da liringo dake wannan karamar hukuma ta bagwai. kai har izuwa yau akwai gonar gandu dake a yankin ta gogori wanda Madaki Abdullahi muhammad Sambo ya bibiya ya gano ta. [[Gogori]] tana da rafuka guda biyu (2) daka yamma akwai kigi sannan kuma daga arewa akwai Watari wanda tana daya daga rafukan da ake dasu duk a jahar kano da kasa baki ɗaya. Wannan gari akwai tarin albarka a cikin sa,da haka muka zakulo muku wannan tarihin garin Gogori. Sannan muka bincika kaf, a wannan gari na Gogori ba'a taba cin sa da yaƙi ba.duk lokacin da akazo da zummar yaki a cikinsa sai garin kaga ya zama kufai, ko kuma kaga rafin watari ya cika makil da ruwa yana ta gudu. Wannan gari shine mutum da yayi yake-yake da kuma samun nasara wannan garin Gogori akwai wani Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumma'a sa ne a shekarar 1925 Wanda makama ya sa harsashin ginin Maciji daka arewa maso yamma a gindin wata [[kuka]] ana ce masa Nazimu kuma yana fitowa ne duk kusan kwana bakwai wanda zai zagaya garin da daddare ko da yamma ba ruwansa da kowa inzai fito sunsan shi,donuna sanji don zaka rinka jin motsin fitowar sa Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumaa sa ne ashekarar 1925, Wanda makaman Kano na wannan lokachi ya zo ya sa harsashin ginin na ƙasa a wancan lokachi. ===Sunayen Limaman Juma'a == 1.Liman Isah kofar Kudi 2.Liman Alkasim Dan Almajirai 3.Liman Malam Mu,azu Zango 4. Liman Malam Haruna 5. Shike Adam Sa'id Gogori I zuwa yanzu inori alo Saniin madaki sani shi ne a kaba rikon garin [[Bagwai]] na tsawon shekara uku sakamakon wasu abubuwa dake nuna akwai a garin. na sarautar Gogori na daya daga cikin mazabu goma dake a karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]], Kuma daya daga masarautun dagaci dake yankin masarautar hakimin [[Bagwai]] a [[Bichi|Masarautar Bichi]]. == Unguwanni a Gogori == * Dafka * [[Gwanki|Gwanki Babba]] * Kodan Hayi * Kofar Kudu * Kofar Yamma * Rigar-Giɗaɗo(Gwankin Ɗankwari/Umbawa) * Rura * Tudun budu * [[Zangon Waje|Zango]] == Sarakunan Garin Gogori == Sarakunan Gogori sun fara ne daga habe, karfin Fulani. Kawo yanzu, ba mu da cikakken bayanin Wanda suka yi saruta daga habe. Ta bangaren Fulani kuwa Sun kasu gida biyu: 1 Rumawa daga [[Gwanki]]: * Madaki Muhammadu Sani * Madaki Muhammadu Dini * Madaki Muhammad Sani II * Madki Muhammadu Muazu 2 Sullubawa daga Rura: * Madaki Muhammadu Sambo * Madaki Isah Muhammad 1986-1994 * Madaki Abdullahi Muhammad 1994-2014 * Madaki Shehu Muhammad 2014-zuwa yau ==Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da Gogori== * Mal. Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano. 59km ==Birane mafiya kusa da Gogori == * [[Kano]] 58km * [[Katsina]] 149.8km * [[Zariya]] 155.1km * [[Kaduna]] 229.5m ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} bpzjalf29ylzunk4n28tkjsn78024mn 970562 970559 2026-10-23T08:13:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* =Sunayen Limaman Juma'a */ 970562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Gogori central primary school.jpg|thumb|Primary school in Kano State]] '''Gogori''' wani gari ne dake a ƙaramar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a arewacin jahar [[Kano]] [[Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.mindat.org/feature-2340493.html</ref> Wani mutum Bamaguje ne ya kafa Gogori, wanda da ake kiransa da suna Kacca yana da ɗa guda daya ana ce masa Gori ya kasance bahaushe ne, haka shi kansa mutum ne mai goro har tsufar da ya manyan ta babu haƙora a bakin sa, Sai dansa gori ya rinka taimaka masa wajen goga masa goro don yasa a bakinsa, duk lokacin da ya bukaci goron sai yace wa dan nasa "Gori goga min goro", a haka ne aka samu sunan garin Gogori. Gogori yana da fadin kasa wanda takai daya fidda garuruwa guda uku, daga cikin sa akwai wani garin Kadamu dake karamar hukumar shanono, Sare-sare da liringo da suke karkashin karamar hukumar bagwai. Har izuwa yau akwai gonar gandu dake a yankin ta gogori wanda Madaki Abdullahi muhammad Sambo ya bibiya ya gano ta.{{Citation needed}} [[Gogori]] tana da rafuka guda biyu; daga yamma akwai, Kigi sannan kuma daga arewa akwai Watari wanda tana daya daga rafukan da ake dasu duk a jahar kano da kasa baki ɗaya.{{Citation needed}} Wannan gari akwai tarin albarka a cikin sa,da haka muka zakulo muku wannan tarihin garin Gogori. Sannan muka bincika kaf, a wannan gari na Gogori ba'a taba cin sa da yaƙi ba.duk lokacin da akazo da zummar yaki a cikinsa sai garin kaga ya zama kufai, ko kuma kaga rafin watari ya cika makil da ruwa yana ta gudu. Wannan gari shine mutum da yayi yake-yake da kuma samun nasara wannan garin Gogori akwai wani Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumma'a sa ne a shekarar 1925 Wanda makama ya sa harsashin ginin Maciji daka arewa maso yamma a gindin wata [[kuka]] ana ce masa Nazimu kuma yana fitowa ne duk kusan kwana bakwai wanda zai zagaya garin da daddare ko da yamma ba ruwansa da kowa inzai fito sunsan shi,donuna sanji don zaka rinka jin motsin fitowar sa Wannan garin na Gogori ansa harsashin ginin masallachin jumaa sa ne ashekarar 1925, Wanda makaman Kano na wannan lokachi ya zo ya sa harsashin ginin na ƙasa a wancan lokachi. ==Sunayen Limaman Juma'a == # Liman Isah kofar Kudi # Liman Alkasim Dan Almajirai # Liman Malam Mu,azu Zango # Liman Malam Haruna # Shike Adam Sa'id Gogori # Gogori na daya daga cikin mazabu goma dake a karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]], Kuma daya daga masarautun dagaci dake yankin masarautar hakimin [[Bagwai]] a [[Bichi|Masarautar Bichi]]. == Unguwanni a Gogori == * Dafka * [[Gwanki|Gwanki Babba]] * Kodan Hayi * Kofar Kudu * Kofar Yamma * Rigar-Giɗaɗo(Gwankin Ɗankwari/Umbawa) * Rura * Tudun budu * [[Zangon Waje|Zango]] == Sarakunan Garin Gogori == Sarakunan Gogori sun fara ne daga habe, karfin Fulani. Kawo yanzu, ba mu da cikakken bayanin Wanda suka yi saruta daga habe. Ta bangaren Fulani kuwa Sun kasu gida biyu:{{Citation needed}} 1 Rumawa daga [[Gwanki]]: * Madaki Muhammadu Sani * Madaki Muhammadu Dini * Madaki Muhammad Sani II * Madki Muhammadu Muazu 2 Sullubawa daga Rura: * Madaki Muhammadu Sambo * Madaki Isah Muhammad 1986-1994 * Madaki Abdullahi Muhammad 1994-2014 * Madaki Shehu Muhammad 2014-zuwa yau ==Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da Gogori== * Mal. Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano. 59km ==Birane mafiya kusa da Gogori == * [[Kano]] 58km * [[Katsina]] 149.8km * [[Zariya]] 155.1km * [[Kaduna]] 229.5m ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} l9l70wo5eqhrkbzhf8algse5hesux1q 0 6402 970416 969880 2026-10-22T16:16:07Z Nanahtj 50006 /* VVV-Venlo */ 970416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ahmed Musa 2014.jpg|thumb|hoton ahmed musa]] [[File:Musa.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ahmed Musa.jpg|thumb|Musa Ahmed]] '''Ahmed Musa'''{{Audio|Ha-Ahmed Musa.ogg|Ahmed Musa}} (An haife shi a ranan goma sha huɗu 14 ga watan Oktoba (10), shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da cassa'in da biyu "1992") kwararren Ɗan wasan kwallon [[Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kafa]] ne na [[Najeriya]] wanda ke kwallo a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba da hagu zuwa ƙungiyar Super Lig ta [[Turkiyya]] Fatih Karagümrük da kuma ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Najeriya|Najeriya.]] Ahmad Musa ya zama ɗan [[Najeriya]] na farko da ya ci fiye da ɗaya a gasar cin kofin duniya wato [[FIFA]], bayan da yaci Argentina kwallaye biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekara dubu biyu da goma sha huɗu (2014). Ahmad Musa shine Ɗan [[Najeriya]] na farko da ya zura kwallo a gasar cin kofin duniya ta [[FIFA]] guda biyu, bayan ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Iceland a matakin rukuni na [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018]]. Ahmad Musa ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar [[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] da ta lashe gasar Premier ta [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] da kuma Super Cup na [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]], duka a shekara na dubu biyu da goma sha tara (2019).<ref name=":0">Official: CSKA Moscow sign Ahmed Musa from VVV-Venlo for €5 million | Goal.com" . www.goal.com . Retrieved 16 October 2018.</ref> == Aikin Kulob/ƙungiya == === Farkon aiki === Musa ya fara aiki a GBS Football Academy. === Cigaba/nasara a Najeriya === A shekarar 2008, Musa ya kasance am bada aron sa zuwa JUTH FC inda ya buga wasanni 18, inda ya ci kwallaye huɗu a kakar wasa biyu na farko na kwararrun masu warkarwa. Daga baya an ba da aronsa zuwa [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars FC]], a kakar wasa ta shekarar 2009-10 inda ya kafa tarihin zura kwallaye masu mahimmanci yayin da Pillars ta kare a matsayi na biyu.<ref name=":1">www.realnet.co.uk (19 April 2010). "John Utaka gets Nigeria World Cup recall</ref> [[File:Ahmed Musa 2018.jpg|thumb|Ahmed Musa]] Musa ya kafa tarihin zura kwallaye mafi yawa da aka taba ci a kakar wasa ɗaya a tarihin gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya har zuwa watan Nuwambar 2011, lokacin da Jude Aneke na [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United FC]] ya kafa sabon tarihi na zura kwallaye 20. === VVV-Venlo === An komar da Musa zuwa kulob ɗin VVV-Venlo na [[Holand|Holland]] a lokacin rani na shekarar 2010, amma an ci gaba da tafiya saboda yana da shekaru 17 kawai don haka bai cancanci samun ITC ba bisa ga dokokin [[FIFA]] na yanzu. Ya cancanci a hukumance ya buga wa VVV-Venlo a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba shekarata 2010 lokacin da ya cika shekara 18 a karshe. Kasa da mako guda da isowarsa kulob din, Musa ya fara buga wa kungiyar VVV-Venlo karawa da FC Groningen a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba. Ya fara wasan VVV-Venlo, an yi masa rauni a cikin minti na 50th kuma ya sami bugun fanareti. Goal.com ta kididdige shi a cikin dan wasan kwallon kafa 100 masu zafi a duniya don kallo a cikin shekarata 2011, Lolade Adewuyi na Goal.com ya sanya shi cikin jerin Manyan 'Yan Wasan Najeriya Goma na shekarar 2010 kuma an haɗa shi cikin Jerin IFFHS na mafi kyawun 'yan wasa 140 a duniya. A ranar 8 ga watan Maris shekarata 2011, Ahmed Musa ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan kwallon kafa ta AIT (na kasa). An gudanar bikin ne a otal din shugaban ƙasa [[Port Harcourt|dake Fatakwal]] a jihar Ribas. Taron ya samu halartar gwarzon dan kwallon Afrika na BBC na bana, dan Ghana [[Asamoah Gyan]] da manyan jami'an hukumar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya ciki har da shugaban ƙasar Aminu Maigari. A watan Afrilu, darektan kwallon kafa na Venlo Mario Captien ya ce wakilan Tottenham Hotspur sun ziyarci kulob ɗin game da dan wasan, kuma dan wasan Ajax [[Tijani Babangida]] ya ce Ajax na zawarcin Musa amma za a yanke hukuncin a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana. A ranar 1 ga watan Mayu shekarata 2011, Musa ya buga takalmin gyare-gyare don nutsewa Feyenoord 3–2 kuma ya kawo karshen duk wani fargabar faduwa ta atomatik daga Eredivisie. A watan Agustan shekarata 2011, bayan da ya dawo daga gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA U-20 a shekarata 2011 a Colombia, Musa ya buga wasansa na farko a kakar shekarar 2011-12 a gida da AFC Ajax kuma ya ci kwallaye biyu. A watan Satumba shugaban VVV-Venlo Hai Berden ya bayyana akan Eredivisie Live cewa VVV-Venlo ya ki amincewa da tayin karshe na €10.&nbsp;Yuro miliyan Musa daga Bundesliga . Ba a bayyana sunan kulob ɗin na Bundesliga ba. === CSKA Moscow === [[File:Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|281x281px| Musa yana taka leda a CSKA Moscow a 2012]] A ranar 7 ga watan Janairu shekarata 2012, Musa ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar CSKA Moscow ta Rasha kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. A ranar 17 ga watan Satumba shekarata 2014 ya zira kwallo a ragar ta'aziyyar minti na 82 a 5-1 UEFA Champions League a waje da AS Roma. A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni shekarata 2015, Musa ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da CSKA har zuwa karshen kakar shekarar 2018-19. Ya kammala kakar gasar Premier ta Rasha ta shekarar 2015-16 a matsayin na 5 mafi yawan zura kwallo a raga, inda ya zama daya daga cikin 'yan wasa bakwai masu shekaru 23 ko kuma kasa da haka da suka kai adadin kwallaye biyu a kowane kakar wasanni biyu da suka gabata a manyan gasa bakwai na Turai. Ahmed Musa: CSKA Moscow sign Leicester City striker on loan, BBC Sport, 30 January 2018, retrieved 30 January 2018</ref> === Leicester City === [[File:ЦСКА-Уфа (2).jpg|thumb|Ahmed Musa]] A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli shekarata 2016, Ahmed Musa ya koma Leicester City kan rikodin kulob din £16.6&nbsp;miliyan. Ya zura kwallayen sa na farko da kungiyar a wasan sada zumunci da kungiyar ta yi da [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta shekarar 2016 da aka tashi da ci 4-2. Ya fara buga gasar Premier a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta shekarata 2016 a ranar bude kulob din da ci 2–1 a hannun Hull City. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasan da suka doke Crystal Palace da ci 3–1 a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba shekarata 2016. Ya zuwa watan Janairun shekaran 2017, Musa har yanzu bai yi rajistar mai taimakawa kulob din ba, inda ya bayar da gudunmawar matsakaita 0.5 key, 0.3 da kuma dribbles 1.2 na nasara a kowane wasa. ==== Ya koma a matsayin aro CSKA Moscow ==== A ranar 30 ga watan Janairu shekarata 2018, Musa ya koma CSKA Moscow a kan aro don sauran kakar shekaran 2017-18. A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta shekarata 2018, Musa ya koma [[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] ta Saudi Arabiya kan yarjejeniyar dindindin. A cikin watan Oktoba shekarata 2020, Al Nassr ya ba da sanarwar cewa Musa zai tafi. An ruwaito cewa ana sa ran kulob din West Bromwich Albion na Premier zai kammala siyan Ahmed Musa a kasuwar musayar 'yan wasa ta Janairu na kakar 2020-21.<ref name=":2">Oluwashina Okeleji (26 June 2014). "World Cup 2014: Musa revels in Nigerian goals record". BBC Sport. Retrieved 26 June 2014.</ref> === Ya Koma Kano Pillars === A ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu shekarata 2021, Musa ya koma kungiyar [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] ta Najeriya har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2020-21.<ref>Ex-Leicester forward Musa rejoins Nigerian club Kano Pillars". France 24. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == [[File:Ahmed_Musa_2013.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Musa da [[kungiyar kwallon kafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a 2013]] [[File:Nigeria_vs_Argentina.jpg|thumb| Musa da Najeriya da Argentina a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018]]]] A watan Afrilun shekaran 2010 a karkashin Koci Lars Lagerbäck, an kira shi don shiga sansanin [[kungiyar kwallon kafar Najeriya|'yan wasan kwallon kafa]] na Najeriya kafin gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2010 a Afirka ta Kudu bayan ya taimaka wa tawagar Najeriya ta lashe gasar cin kofin WAFU na shekarar 2010 inda ya zira kwallo a raga. da Benin. A karawar da suka yi da Burkina Faso, kwallon da Musa ya zura a raga har zuwa karin lokaci ya jefa Najeriya a wasan karshe na gasar a Abeokuta. Sai dai an tilasta masa fita daga cikin jerin ‘yan wasa 30 na Super Eagles na gasar cin kofin duniya saboda rauni a idon sawun sa. A ranar 5 ga watan Agustan 2010, yana da shekaru 17, Musa ya fara buga wa babbar tawagar Najeriya wasa a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka da Madagascar, inda ya maye gurbin [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] da ci 2-0. nasara Musa ya ci wa Super Eagles kwallo ta farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kenya a watan Maris 2011. A watan Afrilun shekaran 2011, Ahmed Musa ya kasance cikin tawagar ‘yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Najeriya ‘yan kasa da shekaru 20, domin ya wakilci kasar a wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin matasa na Afrika a shekarar 2011, duk da cewa VVV Venlo ya bayyana cewa ba zai buga gasar ba saboda alkawurran da kungiyar ta yi. Bayan tattaunawa mai zafi da hukumar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya VVV Venlo da wakilan Musa an amince da cewa Musa zai buga wasa tsakanin Netherlands da Afirka ta Kudu domin shiga gasar tare da tawagar kasar. Bayan wasan farko da Ghana mai rike da kofin gasar, Musa ya lashe kyautar dan wasa mafi daraja kuma ya hau jirgi na gaba ya koma Netherlands. A watan Agustan 2011, Musa ya wakilci Najeriya U20 a gasar cin kofin duniya na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 da aka gudanar a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]], inda ya ci kwallaye uku a wasanni biyar. [[FIFA]] ta saka Musa a cikin jerin ‘yan takara 10 da za su fafata a gasar [[Adidas]] Golden Ball, wadda aka baiwa fitaccen dan wasan kwallon kafa na FIFA U-20. A ranar 7 ga watan Disamba shekarata 2011, Ahmed Musa yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa huɗu da aka zaba a matsayin lambar yabo ta Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka, amma kyautar ta tafi ga Souleymane Coulibaly na Ivory Coast. Musa ya samu wakilcin ‘yan wasan [[kungiyar ƙwallon kafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] 23 da za su wakilci kasar a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afrika na 2013. Ya zura kwallo a ragar Mali da ci 4-1 a wasan dab da na kusa da na karshe kuma ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Burkina Faso a wasan karshe, yayin da Super Eagles ta lashe kofin nahiyar na uku. Gabaɗaya, ya bayyana a wasanni biyar cikin shida na ƙungiyar. A shekarata 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, ya fara a cikin dukkanin wasanni uku na tawagar yayin da aka kawar da su a cikin rukuni. Bayan ya bayyana a dukkan wasannin share fage na Najeriya, Musa yana cikin tawagar [[Stephen Keshi]] a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2014. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan ƙarshe na rukunin F, inda Argentina ta doke su da ci 3-2. A watan Oktoban 2015, bayan da Vincent Enyeama ya yi ritaya daga buga kwallo a duniya, kocin Najeriya, Sunday Oliseh ya naɗa Musa a matsayin kyaftin din kungiyar. Sai dai an sauya wannan shawarar a shekarar 2016 yayin da aka nada Mikel John Obi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar Najeriya sannan Musa ya koma mataimakin Kyaftin.<ref name="sw" /> [[File:CSKA-Roma (3).jpg|thumb|Ahmed Musa]] A watan Mayun 2018 an saka shi cikin jerin ‘yan wasa 30 na farko da Najeriya za ta buga a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018]] a Rasha. Duk da cewa wasan da ya yi da Iceland ya yi fice, bai ma isa ya ajiye 'yan Afirka ta Yamma a gasar ba saboda Argentina ta fitar da su A ranar 22 ga Yuni 2018, Musa ya ci sau biyu a wasan da suka doke Iceland da ci 2-0 a rukuninsu na biyu. wasan gasar cin kofin duniya. A watan Yunin 2019 ya zama dan wasa na uku da ya fi taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya, inda ya zarce [[Nwankwo Kanu]], bayan ya bayyana a wasan sada zumunci da Zimbabwe. Babban koci Gernot Rohr ya nada shi a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afrika ta 2019. Ya kuma kasance cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Najeriya a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka (AFCON) na shekarar 2021 da aka gudanar a ƙasar Kamaru.<ref>Super Eagles star Ahmed Musa wins prestigious title with his club in Saudi Arabia". www.msn.com. Retrieved 6 January 2020.</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife shi ne daga dangi masu yawan addini, mahaifiyarsa Sarah Musa (wato Musa) [[Kirista]] ce daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke Kudancin [[Najeriya]]. A watan Afrilun shekara ta 2017 ne Musa ya samu sabani da matar sa Jamila, wanda hakan ya sa aka kira ‘yan sanda zuwa gidansa. Ba da jimawa ba, ma'auratan sun rabu saboda "bambance-bambancen da ba za a iya sulhuntawa ba". A ranar 23 ga Mayu, Musa ya auri Juliet Ejue a [[Abuja]] . A watan Oktoban, shekara ta 2017, Musa ya sayi gidan mai na biyu a [[Najeriya]]. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, shekara ta 2019, Musa ya tabbatar da labarin rasuwar mahaifiyarsa Sarah Musa a shafinsa na Twitter. bayan ta yi rashin lafiya.<ref name=":2" /> == Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki == [[File:David_Luiz_and_Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb| Musa (dama) yana buga wa Leicester City wasa a gasar lig da ta kara da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a Stamford Bridge ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2016]] === Kulob/ƙungiya === {{Updated|match played 17 August 2021}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total ! rowspan="2" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |VVV-Venlo |2010–11 | rowspan="2" |Eredivisie |23 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4 |2 |27 |7 | |- |2011–12 |14 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |3 |<ref name="wf" /> |- ! colspan="2" |Total !37 !8 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !4 !2 !42 !10 !– |- | rowspan="6" |CSKA Moscow |2011–12 | rowspan="5" |Russian Premier League |11 |1 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |1 |<ref name="sw">{{Soccerway|130008}}</ref> |- |2012–13 |28 |11 |5 |4 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |35 |15 |<ref name="sw" /> |- |2013–14 |26 |7 |4 |1 |6 |1 |1 |0 |37 |9 |<ref name="sw" /> |- |2014–15 |30 |10 |2 |0 |6 |1 |1 |0 |39 |11 |<ref name="sw" /> |- |2015–16 |29 |13 |4 |1 |10 |4 |0 |0 |43 |18 |<ref name="sw" /> |- ! colspan="2" |Total !124 !42 !15 !6 !26 !6 !2 !0 !167 !55 !– |- | rowspan="3" |Leicester City |2016–17 | rowspan="2" |Premier League |21 |2 |5 |2 |5 |0 |1 |0 |32 |4 | |- |2017–18 |0 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |<ref name="sb" /> |- ! colspan="2" |Total !21 !2 !6 !3 !5 !0 !1 !0 !33 !5 !– |- |CSKA Moscow (loan) |2017–18 |Russian Premier League |10 |6 |0 |0 |6 |1 |0 |0 |16 |7 |<ref name="sw" /> |- | rowspan="4" |[[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] |2018–19 | rowspan="3" |Saudi Pro League |24 |7 |3 |2 |0 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[Arab Club Champions Cup]]}} |1 |31 |10 | |- |2019–20 |24 |2 |4 |2 |0 |0 |1 |0 |29 |4 |<ref name="sb" /> |- |2020–21 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |<ref name="sb" /> |- ! colspan="2" |Total !50 !9 !7 !4 !0 !0 !5 !1 !62 !14 !– |- |[[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] |2020–21 |Nigeria Professional Football League |7 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |0 |<ref name="sb" /> |- |Fatih Karagümrük |2021–22 |Süper Lig |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !250 !68 !29 !13 !37 !7 !12 !3 !328 !92 !– |} === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 29 March 2022}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|40258|name=Ahmed Musa |access-date=23 June 2015}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Fitowa da burin tawagar ƙasa da shekara ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri |- | rowspan="13" | [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] | 2010 | 2 | 0 |- | 2011 | 10 | 1 |- | 2012 | 6 | 2 |- | 2013 | 16 | 2 |- | 2014 | 12 | 4 |- | 2015 | 10 | 2 |- | 2016 | 5 | 0 |- | 2017 | 5 | 0 |- | 2018 | 13 | 4 |- | 2019 | 12 | 0 |- | 2020 | 4 | 0 |- | 2021 | 8 | 1 |- | 2022 | 3 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 106 ! 16 |} {{Updated|match played 13 November 2021.}} :''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen da Ahmed Musa ya ci a duniya ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasa ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | align="center" | 1 | 29 Maris 2011 | National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria |</img> Kenya | align="center" | 1-0 | align="center" | 3–0 | Sada zumunci | |- | align="center" | 2 | 16 ga Yuni, 2012 | UJ Esuene Stadium, [[Kalaba|Calabar]], Nigeria |</img> Rwanda | align="center" | 1-0 | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="2" | 2013 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika | |- | align="center" | 3 | Oktoba 13, 2012 | UJ Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria |</img> Laberiya | align="center" | 2–0 | align="center" | 6–1 | |- | align="center" | 4 | 6 Fabrairu 2013 | Musa Mabhida Stadium, [[Durban]], Afirka ta Kudu |</img> Mali | align="center" | 4–0 | align="center" | 4–1 | 2013 Gasar Cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka | |- | align="center" | 5 | 5 ga Yuni 2013 | Moi International Sports Center, Kasarani, Kenya |</img> Kenya | align="center" | 1-0 | align="center" | 1-0 | 2014 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA | |- | align="center" | 6 | rowspan="2" | 25 ga Yuni 2014 | rowspan="2" | Estádio Beira-Rio, Praia de Belas, Brazil | rowspan="2" |</img> Argentina | align="center" | 1-1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2–3 | rowspan="2" | 2014 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" | 7 | align="center" | 2-2 |- | align="center" | 8 | rowspan="2" | 15 Oktoba 2014 | rowspan="2" | National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | rowspan="2" |</img> Sudan | align="center" | 1-0 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 3–1 | rowspan="2" | 2015 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" | 9 | align="center" | 3–1 |- | align="center" | 10 | 28 Maris 2015 | Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit, Afirka ta Kudu |</img> Afirka ta Kudu | align="center" | 1-0 | align="center" | 1-1 | rowspan="2" | Sada zumunci | |- | align="center" | 11 | 8 ga Satumba, 2015 | Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium, [[Port Harcourt]], Nigeria |</img> Nijar | align="center" | 1-0 | align="center" | 2–0 | |- | align="center" | 12 | rowspan="2" | 22 Yuni 2018 | rowspan="2" | Volgograd Arena, [[Volgograd]], Rasha | rowspan="2" |</img> Iceland | align="center" | 1-0 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="2" | 2018 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" | 13 | align="center" | 2–0 |- | align="center" | 14 | 8 ga Satumba, 2018 | Stade Linité, [[Biktoriya|Victoria]], Seychelles |</img> Seychelles | align="center" | 1-0 | align="center" | 3–0 | rowspan="2" | 2019 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika | |- | align="center" | 15 | 16 Oktoba 2018 | Stade Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia |</img> Libya | align="center" | 2–0 | align="center" | 3–2 | |- | align="center" | 16 | 13 Nuwamba 2021 | Stade Ibn Batouta, [[Tanja|Tangier]], Morocco |</img> Laberiya | align="center" | 2–0 | align="center" | 2–0 | 2022 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA | |} == Girmamawa == === Kulob/Aiki === '''CSKA''' * Gasar Premier ta Rasha : 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16 * Kofin Rasha : 2012–13 * Rasha Super Cup : 2013, 2014 '''Al-Nasr''' * Saudi Professional League : 2018-19 * Saudi Super Cup : 2019 === Ƙasashen Duniya === '''Najeriya U20''' * Gasar Matasan [[Afirka|Afrika]] : 2011 '''[[Najeriya]]''' * WAFU Nations Cup : 2010 * Gasar cin kofin [[Afirka|Afrika]] : 2013 === Mutum === * Gasar Firimiya ta [[Najeriya]] : 2009–10 * A cikin jerin 33 mafi kyawun wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na gasar zakarun Rasha: 2012-13 * Gasar Cin Kofin Rasha : 2012–13 * Ƙungiyar CAF ta Shekara : 2014 ==Bayanan kula== {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway}} [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa ta jasar Nijeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t6f6dckbvmsxajwjhh9u2vivfrgq3qq 0 6955 970410 865083 2026-10-22T15:59:25Z Salma Raddah 45959 970410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Aerial view of Hargeisa DJI 0236.jpg|240px|right|thumbnail|Birnin Hargeisa]] [[File:Hargeisamosque.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wani masallaci a Hargeisa]] '''Hargeisa''' (lafazi : /hargeyesa/) birni ne, da ke a jihar [[Somaliland]], a ƙasar [[Somaliya]]. Shi ne babban birnin jihar [[Somaliland]]. Hargeisa tana da yawan jama'a 1,100,000, bisa ga jimillar 2017. An gina birnin Hargeisa kafin karni na sha takwas. [[File:Supreme Court of Somaliland.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kotun Koli ta Hargeisa, Somaliland]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Hargaysa3.jpg|Birnin File:Hargeisa_bus_station_nigh_view.jpg|Tashar Bas, da daddare File:Market-stalls-Bacadlaha-in-downtown-area-of-Hargeisa-City-Somaliland.jpg|Wata Kasuwa a birnin File:Hargeisa_street_5.JPG|Hargeisa File:Hargeisa_at_night.jpg|Wani Shataletalen birnin da dare. File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan.jpg|Isaac Chiefs Hargeisa File:Somaliland_and_Hargeisa_(29558282176).jpg|Hargeisa File:Naasa_Hablood_Hargeysa.jpg|Naasa Hablood, Hargeisa </gallery> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hargeisa}} [[Category:Biranen Somaliya]] e4clszg17m4ct6utgj6m8ocueqk08vk 0 7320 970569 959349 2026-10-23T09:52:33Z Nura Bello 24854 970569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Physicist Stephen Hawking in Zero Gravity NASA.jpg|thumb|Stephen Hawking]] [[Fayil:Physicist Stephen Hawking in Zero Gravity NASA.jpg|thumb|Stephen Hawking]] [[Fayil:Stephen hawking 2008 nasa2.jpg|thumb|Stephen Hawking]] '''Stephen Hawking''' kwararren masanin kimiyya ne na ƙasar [[Ingila]]. An haife shi ne a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 1942 a birnin Oxford. Stephen Hawking ya rasu ne a ranar 14 ga watan Maris din shekarar 2018, yana da shekaru 76 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-43399324|title=Masanin kimiyya Stephen Hawking ya rasu|date=14 Mar, 2018|accessdate=23 Sat, 2019|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == [[File:Stephen_Hawking_with_his_parents.png|left|thumb|Hawking tare da iyayensa, 1942]] An haifi Stephen William Hawking a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 1942 a Oxford ga Frank da Isobel Eileen Hawking (née Walker). {{Sfn|Larsen|2005}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}An haifi mahaifiyar Hawking a cikin dangin likitoci a [[Glasgow]], Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mind over matter Stephen Hawking |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12304843.Mind_over_matter_Stephen_Hawking/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530095207/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12304843.Mind_over_matter_Stephen_Hawking/ |archive-date=30 May 2016 |access-date=14 March 2018 |website=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]}}</ref><ref name="SA">{{Cite web |last=Ferguson, Kitty |date=6 January 2012 |title=Stephen Hawking, "Equal to Anything!" [Excerpt] |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stephen-hawking-biography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322021001/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stephen-hawking-biography/ |archive-date=22 March 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018 |publisher=Scientific American}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinsa mai arziki, daga Yorkshire, ya kara kansa yana sayen gonar gona sannan ya fadi a cikin babban matsalar noma a farkon karni na 20. <ref name="SA" /> Kakar mahaifinsa ta ceci iyalin daga lalacewar kudi ta hanyar bude makaranta a gidansu.<ref name="SA" /> Duk da matsalolin kudi na iyalansu, iyayen biyu sun halarci [[Jami'ar Oxford]], inda Frank ya karanta magani kuma Isobel ya karanta Falsafa, Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Isobel ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na cibiyar binciken kiwon lafiya, kuma Frank ya kasance mai binciken kiwon likita wanda ya kware a cikin Cututtukan wurare masu zafi. Hawking ya ce game da mahaifinsa, "Na yi koyi da kaina a kansa. Saboda shi mai bincike ne na kimiyya, na ji cewa binciken kimiyya shine abu na halitta da za a yi lokacin da mutum ya girma. Bambanci kawai shi ne cewa ban janyo hankalina ga magani ko ilmin halitta ba saboda sun yi kama da ba daidai ba kuma suna bayyanawa. Ina son wani abu mafi mahimmanci, kuma na same shi a cikin kimiyyar lissafi. " A cikin shekarun 1950, lokacin da mahaifin Hawking ya zama shugaban sashen parasitology a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa, iyalin suka koma St Albans, Hertfordshire.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|Larsen|2005}}A can, an dauki iyalin a matsayin masu basira sosai kuma suna da ɗan ban sha'awa; ana cin abinci sau da yawa tare da kowane mutum yana karanta littafi a shiru.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Sun rayu rayuwa mai sauƙi a cikin babban gida, mai rikice-rikice, kuma ba a kula da shi sosai ba kuma sun yi tafiya a cikin Takis na London da aka canza.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}A lokacin daya daga cikin mahaifin Hawking da ke yawan aiki a Afirka, sauran dangin sun kwashe watanni hudu a [[Mayorka|Mallorca]] suna ziyartar abokiyar mahaifiyarsa Beryl da mijinta, mawaki Robert Graves.{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Larsen|2005}} Hawking ya fara karatunsa ne a Makarantar Byron House da ke Highgate, London. Daga baya ya zargi "hanyar ci gaba" saboda gazawarsa na koyon karatu yayin da yake makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawking |first=Stephen |date=7 December 2013 |title=Stephen Hawking: "I'm happy if I have added something to our understanding of the universe" |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-12-07/stephen-hawking-im-happy-if-i-have-added-something-to-our-understanding-of-the-universe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107095605/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-12-07/stephen-hawking-im-happy-if-i-have-added-something-to-our-understanding-of-the-universe |archive-date=7 January 2017 |access-date=6 January 2017 |website=Radio Times}}</ref>{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}A St Albans, Hawking mai shekaru takwas ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta St Albans don 'yan mata na 'yan watanni. A wannan lokacin, ƙananan yara maza na iya halartar ɗayan gidaje.{{Sfn|Larsen|2005}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}} Hawking ya halarci makarantu masu zaman kansu guda biyu (watau biyan kuɗi), makarantar Radlett ta farko kuma daga Satumba 1952, Makarantar St Albans, Hertfordshire, [1] bayan ya wuce goma sha ɗaya da shekara guda da wuri.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}} Iyalin sun sanya babban darajar ilimi.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Mahaifin Hawking yana son ɗansa ya halarci Makarantar Westminster, amma Hawking mai shekaru 13 yana da rashin lafiya a ranar jarrabawar tallafin karatu. Iyalinsa ba za su iya biyan kuɗin makaranta ba tare da taimakon kuɗi na tallafin karatu ba, don haka Hawking ya kasance a St Albans.{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Larsen|2005}}Sakamakon da ya dace shi ne cewa Hawking ya kasance kusa da ƙungiyar abokai tare da su yana jin daɗin wasannin jirgi, ƙera kayan wuta, samfurin jirgin sama da jiragen ruwa, da kuma tattaunawa mai tsawo game da Kristanci da fahimta mai zurfi.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}Daga 1958 zuwa gaba, tare da taimakon malamin lissafi Dikran Tahta, sun gina kwamfuta daga sassan agogo, tsohuwar allon waya da sauran abubuwan da aka sake amfani da su.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}A shekara ta 1959, ya gina mai kunna rikodin daga sassan da za a iya amfani da shi: "Mahaifin zai yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai ba da hankali, don sayen mai kunna rikodi, amma na shawo kansa cewa zan iya tara ɗaya daga sassan wanda zan iya saya mai arha. Wannan ya yi masa kira a matsayin Yorkshireman. " Kodayake an san shi a makaranta da "Einstein", Hawking bai yi nasara ba a ilimi.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Tare da lokaci, ya fara nuna ƙwarewa sosai ga batutuwan kimiyya kuma, wanda Tahta ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, ya yanke shawarar karatun lissafi a jami'a.{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Mahaifin Hawking ya shawarce shi da ya yi karatun likita, ya damu da cewa akwai ayyuka kaɗan ga masu karatun lissafi.{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}Ya kuma so ɗansa ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'ar, Oxford, ''alma mater'' nasa. Kamar yadda ba zai yiwu a karanta lissafi a can a lokacin ba, Hawking ya yanke shawarar nazarin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin sunadarai. Duk da shawarar shugaban makarantarsa na jira har zuwa shekara mai zuwa, an ba Hawking tallafin karatu bayan ya dauki jarrabawar a watan Maris na shekara ta 1959.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}} === Shekaru na farko === A watan Oktoban shekarar 1959, yana da shekaru 17, Hawking ya fara karatun jami'a a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Oxford.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}A cikin watanni goma sha takwas na farko, ya gaji kuma ya kaɗaici - ya sami aikin ilimi "mai sauƙi".{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Spaced en dash}}Malamin ilimin lissafi, Robert Berman, daga baya ya ce, "Ya zama dole ne kawai ya san cewa za a iya yin wani abu, kuma zai iya yin hakan ba tare da ya ga yadda wasu mutane suka yi ba".{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}} Canji ya faru a cikin shekaru na biyu da na uku lokacin da, a cewar Berman, Hawking ya yi ƙoƙari "don zama ɗaya daga cikin yara". Ya zama sanannen, mai rai, kuma mai basira, mai sha'awar kiɗa na gargajiya da fiction kimiyya.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Wannan ya samo asali ne daga shawarar da ya yanke na shiga kungiyar jirgin ruwa ta Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya haɗu da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|Hawking|1992}}Kocin jirgin ruwa a lokacin ya lura cewa Hawking ya horar da hoton da ba shi da kyau, yana jagorantar ma'aikatansa a kan darussan haɗari waɗanda suka haifar da jiragen ruwa da suka lalace.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}Hawking ya kiyasta cewa ya yi nazarin kimanin sa'o'i 1,000 a cikin shekaru uku a Oxford. Wadannan halaye masu ban sha'awa na karatu sun sanya zama ƙalubale, kuma ya yanke shawarar amsa tambayoyin kimiyyar lissafi kawai maimakon waɗanda ke buƙatar ilimin gaskiya. digiri na farko shine yanayin karɓa don shirin karatun digiri na biyu a cikin ilimin sararin samaniya a Jami'ar Cambridge.{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Da ''Rayuwa'', ya yi barci mara kyau a daren kafin jarrabawar, kuma sakamakon ya kasance a kan iyaka tsakanin girmamawa na farko da na biyu, yana yin viva (bincike na baki) tare da masu jarrabawar Oxford da suka zama dole.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}} Hawking ya damu da cewa an dauke shi a matsayin dalibi mai laushi da wahala. Don haka, lokacin da aka tambaye shi a viva don bayyana shirye-shiryensa, ya ce, "Idan ka ba ni lambar yabo ta farko, zan je Cambridge. Idan na sami na biyu, zan zauna a Oxford, don haka ina tsammanin za ka ba ni ta farko. " An ɗauke shi da daraja fiye da yadda ya yi imani; kamar yadda Berman ya yi sharhi, masu jarrabawa "sun kasance masu basira don fahimtar cewa suna magana da wani da ya fi yawancin kansu wayo".{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Bayan ya sami digiri na farko na BA a fannin kimiyyar lissafi kuma ya kammala tafiya zuwa Iran tare da aboki, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reuell |first=Peter |date=29 April 2016 |title=My dinner with Dr. Hawking |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/04/my-dinner-with-dr-hawking/ |website=Harvard Gazette}}</ref> ya fara aikinsa na digiri a Trinity Hall, Cambridge, a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1962. {{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}} === Shekaru na digiri === Shekarar farko ta Hawking a matsayin dalibi na digiri ya kasance mai wahala. Da farko ya yi takaici da gano cewa an sanya shi Dennis William Sciama, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ilimin sararin samaniya na zamani, a matsayin mai kula maimakon sanannen masanin taurari Fred Hoyle, kuma ya sami horo a lissafi bai dace da aiki a cikin ma'auni da ilimin sararin halitta ba.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}Bayan an gano shi da cutar neurone, Hawking ya fada cikin baƙin ciki. Kodayake likitocinsa sun ba da shawarar cewa ya ci gaba da karatunsa, ya ji cewa babu wani abu da ya dace.{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}Cutarsa ta ci gaba da sannu a hankali fiye da yadda likitoci suka annabta. Kodayake Hawking yana da wahalar tafiya ba tare da goyon baya ba, kuma jawabinsa kusan ba a fahimta ba, binciken farko cewa yana da shekaru biyu kawai don rayuwa ya tabbatar da rashin tushe. Tare da ƙarfafawar Sciama, ya koma aikinsa.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}}Hawking ya fara bunkasa suna don hankali da rashin tausayi bayan lacca a watan Yunin 1964, inda ya kalubalanci aikin Hoyle da ɗalibinsa [[Jayant Narlikar]].{{Sfn|Ferguson|2011}}{{Sfn|White|Gribbin|2002}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{stub}} [[Category:'Yan kimiyyan Birtaniya]] 1rsbv41zgg0c5nirhpvg0m396qpaeva 0 7418 970397 535220 2026-10-22T15:41:37Z Salma Raddah 45959 970397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Bill de Blasio 11-2-2013.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bill de Blasio a shekara ta 2013]] [[Fayil:Bill de Blasio by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Bill de Bla]]{{stub}} '''Bill de Blasio''' (an haife shi a ran takwas ga Mayu, a shekara ta 1961), shi ne shugaban [[New York]] ([[Tarayyar Amurka]]), daga zabensa a shekarar ta 2013. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:de Blasio, Bill}} [[Category:Shugabannin New York]] bb3ctpkajamxz9h2yl71638gnmcb5wz 1 14531 970554 250700 2026-10-23T07:49:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Tattaunawa:Muhammad]] to [[Tattaunawa:Muhammad (SAW)]] over redirect 250700 wikitext text/x-wiki Ina mai sanar da ku cewa wannan shafin yana daya daga cikin shafukan da'aka fi ziyarta a Hausa Wikipedia, yana bukatan a inganta shi makura domin samun nagarta a bangaren masu ziyartan shafukan Hausa Wikipedia, musamman ma yawanci su musulmai ne, hakan zai basu daman sha'awar karanta shafuka a Hausa Wikipedia, ina kira ga [[User:M-Mustapha]] da [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] da kuma [[User:DonCamillo]] da mu hadu dukkan mu domin inganta manyan shafukan da'a fi ziyarta a Hausa Wikipedia, Nagoe.-- [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(magana)</sup>]][[Special:Contributions/Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(aiki)</sup>]] 22:37, 6 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Tarihi tsin tsa == Aliyu m haruna S/DOSA ZAwuyya SPECIAL GROUP bwvqjqp60jhasauy02epgke52j91iw1 0 15034 970388 970300 2026-10-22T15:22:00Z Salma Raddah 45959 970388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Binta Ayo Mogaji''' ƴar fim ce a Najeriya. A cewar mai sukar fina-finan, Shaibu Husseini, Mogaji ya kasance wani bangare na a kalla fina-finai 800, talabijin da wasannin kwaikwayo.<ref>https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/binta-ayo-mogaji-sterling-stage-and-screen-actress-sambas-on-and-off-the-turf/{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar mutum == An haife ta a 1964, Mogaji ɗan asalin Agbo-Ile, [[Ibadan]]. Mahaifinta malamin addinin Musulunci ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa kuma mai kula da harkokin ilimi. A shekarar 2006, ta auri dan wasan kwallon kafa mai ritaya da kuma likitan gyaran jiki, Victor Ayodele Oduleye. Kafin aurenta, ta kasance tana soyayya da jarumi, Jibola Dabo kuma tana da ɗa sakamakon dangantakar. == Ayyuka == Fim din ta na bidiyo na farko a gida shi ne ''Mojere'', wanda aka yi shi da yarbanci. An ba ta kyauta mafi kyau a kyautar REEL. A shekarar 2015, Mogaji ya nuna fifikon fifikon yan fim ga matasa masu tasowa a Nollywood . Ta bayyana cewa dalilansu ba za su iya dogara da aikin kwarewa ba, saboda babu wani abin da samari ‘yan fim ke yi wanda tsofaffi ba za su iya yi ba. A wata hira da ta yi da jaridar The Punch a shekarar 2018, Mogaji ta bayyana cewa saboda asalin addinin Musulunci, ba ta taba yin tsiraici ko sumbata ba a duk tsawon shekarun da ta yi tana fim. Ta lura cewa furodusoshi sun san irin rawar da zata iya takawa. === Sashin Filmography === * ''Kasanova'' (2019) * ''Pasito Deinde'' (2005) * ''Àkóbí Gómìnà'' 2 (2002) * ''Eni Eleni'' 2 (2005) * ''Babu Inda za'a Samu'' * ''Me Ya Damu Da Wanzami?'' * ''Sajan Okoro'' * ''Igbalandogi'' * ''Mojere'' * ''Owo Blow'' * ''Ti Oluwa Nile'' (1992) * ''Uwa uba'' * ''Owo Ale'' * ''Ileke'' * ''Ojuju'' * ''Ile Olorogun'' * ''Gada (fim din 2017)'' * ''Mai dubawa'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] 4jhpiayvlkgk5ycmpc78xbx3yf23wwp 828 16463 970420 587490 2026-10-22T16:33:08Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970420 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local function round(n, decimals) local pow = 10^(decimals or 0) return math.floor(n * pow + 0.5) / pow end function p.getMapParams(map, frame) if not map then error('The name of the location map definition to use must be specified', 2) end local moduletitle = mw.title.new('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) if not moduletitle then error(string.format('%q is not a valid name for a location map definition', map), 2) elseif moduletitle.exists then local mapData = mw.loadData('Module:Location map/data/' .. map) return function(name, params) if name == nil then return 'Module:Location map/data/' .. map elseif mapData[name] == nil then return '' elseif params then return mw.message.newRawMessage(tostring(mapData[name]), unpack(params)):plain() else return mapData[name] end end else error('Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/' .. map .. '" does not exist', 2) end end function p.data(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local params = {} for k,v in ipairs(args) do if k > 2 then params[k-2] = v end end return map(args[2], #params ~= 0 and params) end local hemisphereMultipliers = { longitude = { W = -1, w = -1, E = 1, e = 1 }, latitude = { S = -1, s = -1, N = 1, n = 1 } } local function decdeg(degrees, minutes, seconds, hemisphere, decimal, direction) if decimal then if degrees then error('Decimal and DMS degrees cannot both be provided for ' .. direction, 2) elseif minutes then error('Minutes can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif seconds then error('Seconds can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere can only be provided with DMS degrees for ' .. direction, 2) end local retval = tonumber(decimal) if retval then return retval end error('The value "' .. decimal .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not minutes then error('Seconds were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without minutes also being provided', 2) elseif not degrees then if minutes then error('Minutes were provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) elseif hemisphere then error('A hemisphere was provided for ' .. direction .. ' without degrees also being provided', 2) end return nil end decimal = tonumber(degrees) if not decimal then error('The degree value "' .. degrees .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif minutes and not tonumber(minutes) then error('The minute value "' .. minutes .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) elseif seconds and not tonumber(seconds) then error('The second value "' .. seconds .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal + (minutes or 0)/60 + (seconds or 0)/3600 if hemisphere then local multiplier = hemisphereMultipliers[direction][hemisphere] if not multiplier then error('The hemisphere "' .. hemisphere .. '" provided for ' .. direction .. ' is not valid', 2) end decimal = decimal * multiplier end return decimal end -- Finds a parameter in a transclusion of {{Coord}}. local function coord2text(para,coord) -- this should be changed for languages which do not use Arabic numerals or the degree sign local lat, long = mw.ustring.match(coord,'<span class="p%-latitude latitude">([^<]+)</span><span class="p%-longitude longitude">([^<]+)</span>') if lat then return tonumber(para == 'longitude' and long or lat) end local result = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.match(coord,'%-?[%.%d]+°[NS] %-?[%.%d]+°[EW]') or '', '[ °]') if para == 'longitude' then result = {result[3], result[4]} end if not tonumber(result[1]) or not result[2] then mw.log('Malformed coordinates value') mw.logObject(para, 'para') mw.logObject(coord, 'coord') return error('Malformed coordinates value', 2) end return tonumber(result[1]) * hemisphereMultipliers[para][result[2]] end -- effectively make removeBlanks false for caption and maplink, and true for everything else -- if useWikidata is present but blank, convert it to false instead of nil -- p.top, p.bottom, and their callers need to use this function p.valueFunc(key, value) if value then value = mw.text.trim(value) end if value ~= '' or key == 'caption' or key == 'maplink' then return value elseif key == 'useWikidata' then return false end end local function getContainerImage(args, map) if args.AlternativeMap then return args.AlternativeMap elseif args.relief then local digits = mw.ustring.match(args.relief,'^[1-9][0-9]?$') or '1' -- image1 to image99 if map('image' .. digits) ~= '' then return map('image' .. digits) end end return map('image') end function p.top(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local width local default_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(args.default_width),"%d*")) if not args.width then width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) elseif mw.ustring.sub(args.width, -2) == 'px' then width = mw.ustring.sub(args.width, 1, -3) else width = args.width end local width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number == 0 then -- check to see if width is junk. If it is, then use default calculation width = round((default_as_number or 240) * (tonumber(map('defaultscale')) or 1)) width_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tostring(width),"%d*")) or 0; end if args.max_width ~= "" and args.max_width ~= nil then -- check to see if width bigger than max_width local max_as_number = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(args.max_width,"%d*")) or 0; if width_as_number>max_as_number and max_as_number>0 then width = args.max_width; end end local retval = frame:extensionTag{name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Module:Location map/styles.css'}} if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '<div class="center">' end if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' and args.border ~= 'infobox' then retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb ' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'tleft' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' or args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'tnone' else retval = retval .. 'tright' end retval = retval .. '"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:' .. (width + 2) .. 'px' if args.border == 'none' then retval = retval .. ';border:none' elseif args.border then retval = retval .. ';border-color:' .. args.border end retval = retval .. '"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px' .. (args.border ~= 'none' and ';border:1px solid lightgray">' or '">') else retval = retval .. '<div class="locmap" style="width:' .. width .. 'px;' if args.float == '"left"' or args.float == 'left' then retval = retval .. 'float:left;clear:left' elseif args.float == '"center"' or args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto' elseif args.float == '"none"' or args.float == 'none' then retval = retval .. 'float:none;clear:none' else retval = retval .. 'float:right;clear:right' end retval = retval .. '"><div style="width:' .. width .. 'px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:' .. width .. 'px">' end local image = getContainerImage(args, map) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() retval = string.format( '%s[[File:%s|%spx|%s%s|class=notpageimage]]', retval, image, width, args.alt or ((args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' is located in ' .. map('name')), args.maplink and ('|link=' .. args.maplink) or '' ) if args.caption and args.caption ~= '' then if (currentTitle.namespace == 0) and mw.ustring.find(args.caption, '##') then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Pages using location map with a double number sign in the caption]]' end end if args.overlay_image then return retval .. '<div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0">[[File:' .. args.overlay_image .. '|' .. width .. 'px|class=notpageimage]]</div>' else return retval end end function p.bottom(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true, valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if not map then map = p.getMapParams(args[1], frame) end local retval = '</div>' local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if not args.caption or args.border == 'infobox' then if args.border then retval = retval .. '<div style="padding-top:0.2em">' else retval = retval .. '<div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">' end retval = retval .. (args.caption or (args.label or currentTitle.text) .. ' (' .. map('name') .. ')') .. '</div>' elseif args.caption ~= '' then -- This is not the pipe trick. We're creating a link with no text on purpose, so that CSS can give us a nice image retval = retval .. '<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify">[[:File:' .. getContainerImage(args, map) .. '|class=notpageimage| ]]</div>' .. args.caption .. '</div>' end if args.switcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">' .. args.switcherLabel .. '</span>' elseif args.autoSwitcherLabel then retval = retval .. '<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of ' .. map('name') .. '</span>' end retval = retval .. '</div></div>' if args.caption_undefined then mw.log('Removed parameter caption_undefined used.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|caption_undefined]]' end end if map('skew') ~= '' or map('lat_skew') ~= '' or map('crosses180') ~= '' or map('type') ~= '' then mw.log('Removed parameter used in map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (map('skew') ~= '' and 'skew' or '') .. (map('lat_skew') ~= '' and 'lat_skew' or '') .. (map('crosses180') ~= '' and 'crosses180' or '') .. (map('type') ~= '' and 'type' or '') retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key .. ' ]]' end end if string.find(map('name'), '|', 1, true) then mw.log('Pipe used in name of map definition ' .. map()) if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then retval = retval .. '[[Category:Location maps with a name containing a pipe]]' end end if args.float == 'center' then retval = retval .. '</div>' end return retval end local function markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size) return mw.html.create('div') :addClass('od') :addClass('notheme') -- T236137 :cssText('top:' .. round(y, 3) .. '%;left:' .. round(x, 3) .. '%;font-size:' .. label_size .. '%') :node(imageDiv) :node(labelDiv) end local function markImageDiv(mark, marksize, label, link, alt, title) local builder = mw.html.create('div') :addClass('id') :cssText('left:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px;top:-' .. round(marksize / 2) .. 'px') :attr('title', title) if marksize ~= 0 then builder:wikitext(string.format( '[[File:%s|%dx%dpx|%s|link=%s%s|class=notpageimage]]', mark, marksize, marksize, label, link, alt and ('|alt=' .. alt) or '' )) end return builder end local function markLabelDiv(label, label_size, label_width, position, background, x, marksize) if tonumber(label_size) == 0 then return mw.html.create('div'):addClass('l0'):wikitext(label) end local builder = mw.html.create('div') :cssText('width:' .. label_width .. 'em') local distance = round(marksize / 2 + 1) if position == 'top' then -- specified top builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('bottom:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'bottom' then -- specified bottom builder:addClass('pv'):cssText('top:' .. distance .. 'px;left:' .. (-label_width / 2) .. 'em') elseif position == 'left' or (tonumber(x) > 70 and position ~= 'right') then -- specified left or autodetected to left builder:addClass('pl'):cssText('right:' .. distance .. 'px') else -- specified right or autodetected to right builder:addClass('pr'):cssText('left:' .. distance .. 'px') end builder = builder:tag('div') :wikitext(label) if background then builder:cssText('background-color:' .. background) end return builder:done() end local function getX(longitude, left, right) local width = (right - left) % 360 if width == 0 then width = 360 end local distanceFromLeft = (longitude - left) % 360 -- the distance needed past the map to the right equals distanceFromLeft - width. the distance needed past the map to the left equals 360 - distanceFromLeft. to minimize page stretching, go whichever way is shorter if distanceFromLeft - width / 2 >= 180 then distanceFromLeft = distanceFromLeft - 360 end return 100 * distanceFromLeft / width end local function getY(latitude, top, bottom) return 100 * (top - latitude) / (top - bottom) end function p.mark(frame, args, map) if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map~'}) end local mapnames = {} if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in mw.text.gsplit(args[1], '#', true) do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) mapnames[#mapnames + 1] = mapname end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) args[1] = 'World' end end if type(map) == 'table' then local outputs = {} local oldargs = args[1] for k,v in ipairs(map) do args[1] = mapnames[k] outputs[k] = tostring(p.mark(frame, args, v)) end args[1] = oldargs return table.concat(outputs, '#PlaceList#') .. '#PlaceList#' end local x, y, longitude, latitude longitude = decdeg(args.lon_deg, args.lon_min, args.lon_sec, args.lon_dir, args.long, 'longitude') latitude = decdeg(args.lat_deg, args.lat_min, args.lat_sec, args.lat_dir, args.lat, 'latitude') if args.excludefrom then -- If this mark is to be excluded from certain maps entirely (useful in the context of multiple maps) for exclusionmap in mw.text.gsplit(args.excludefrom, '#', true) do -- Check if this map is excluded. If so, return an empty string. if args[1] == exclusionmap then return '' end end end local builder = mw.html.create() local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if args.coordinates then -- Temporarily removed to facilitate infobox conversion. See [[Wikipedia:Coordinates in infoboxes]] -- if longitude or latitude then -- error('Coordinates from [[Module:Coordinates]] and individual coordinates cannot both be provided') -- end longitude = coord2text('longitude', args.coordinates) latitude = coord2text('latitude', args.coordinates) elseif not longitude and not latitude and args.useWikidata then -- If they didn't provide either coordinate, try Wikidata. If they provided one but not the other, don't. local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local value = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value longitude, latitude = value.longitude, value.latitude end if args.link and (currentTitle.namespace == 0) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with linked markers with coordinates from Wikidata]]') end end if not longitude then error('No value was provided for longitude') elseif not latitude then error('No value was provided for latitude') end if currentTitle.namespace > 0 then if (not args.lon_deg) ~= (not args.lat_deg) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Degrees]]') elseif (not args.lon_min) ~= (not args.lat_min) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Minutes]]') elseif (not args.lon_sec) ~= (not args.lat_sec) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Seconds]]') elseif (not args.lon_dir) ~= (not args.lat_dir) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Hemisphere]]') elseif (not args.long) ~= (not args.lat) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with different longitude and latitude precisions|Decimal]]') end end if ((tonumber(args.lat_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lat_dir and args.lat_dir ~='')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if ((tonumber(args.lon_deg) or 0) < 0) and ((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) ~= 0 or (tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) ~= 0 or (args.lon_dir and args.lon_dir ~= '')) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lat_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lat_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if (((tonumber(args.lon_min) or 0) < 0) or ((tonumber(args.lon_sec) or 0) < 0)) then builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with negative degrees and minutes or seconds]]') end if args.skew or args.lon_shift or args.markhigh then mw.log('Removed parameter used in invocation.') local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = (args.skew and 'skew' or '') .. (args.lon_shift and 'lon_shift' or '') .. (args.markhigh and 'markhigh' or '') builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with removed parameters|' .. key ..' ]]') end end if map('x') ~= '' then x = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('x', { latitude, longitude }))) else x = tonumber(getX(longitude, map('left'), map('right'))) end if map('y') ~= '' then y = tonumber(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr(map('y', { latitude, longitude }))) else y = tonumber(getY(latitude, map('top'), map('bottom'))) end if (x < 0 or x > 100 or y < 0 or y > 100) and not args.outside then mw.log('Mark placed outside map boundaries without outside flag set. x = ' .. x .. ', y = ' .. y) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then mw.log('Parent is ' .. parent:getTitle()) end mw.logObject(args, 'args') if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then local key = currentTitle.prefixedText builder:wikitext('[[Category:Location maps with marks outside map and outside parameter not set|' .. key .. ' ]]') end end local mark = args.mark or map('mark') if mark == '' then mark = 'Red pog.svg' end local marksize = tonumber(args.marksize) or tonumber(map('marksize')) or 8 local imageDiv = markImageDiv(mark, marksize, args.label or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, args.link or '', args.alt, args[2]) local label_size = args.label_size or 91 local labelDiv if args.label and args.position ~= 'none' then labelDiv = markLabelDiv(args.label, label_size, args.label_width or 6, args.position, args.background, x, marksize) end return builder:node(markOuterDiv(x, y, imageDiv, labelDiv, label_size)) end local function switcherSeparate(s) if s == nil then return {} end local retval = {} for i in string.gmatch(s .. '#', '([^#]*)#') do i = mw.text.trim(i) retval[#retval + 1] = (i ~= '' and i) end return retval end function p.main(frame, args, map) local caption_list = {} if not args then args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Location map', valueFunc = p.valueFunc}) end if args.useWikidata == nil then args.useWikidata = true end if not map then if args[1] then map = {} for mapname in string.gmatch(args[1], '[^#]+') do map[#map + 1] = p.getMapParams(mw.ustring.gsub(mapname, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'), frame) end if args['caption'] then if args['caption'] == "" then while #caption_list < #map do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = args['caption'] end else for caption in mw.text.gsplit(args['caption'], '##', true) do caption_list[#caption_list + 1] = caption end end end if #map == 1 then map = map[1] end else map = p.getMapParams('World', frame) end end if type(map) == 'table' then local altmaps = switcherSeparate(args.AlternativeMap) if #altmaps > #map then error(string.format('%d AlternativeMaps were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #altmaps, #map)) end local overlays = switcherSeparate(args.overlay_image) if #overlays > #map then error(string.format('%d overlay_images were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #overlays, #map)) end if #caption_list > #map then error(string.format('%d captions were provided, but only %d maps were provided', #caption_list, #map)) end local outputs = {} args.autoSwitcherLabel = true for k,v in ipairs(map) do args.AlternativeMap = altmaps[k] args.overlay_image = overlays[k] args.caption = caption_list[k] outputs[k] = p.main(frame, args, v) end return '<div class="switcher-container">' .. table.concat(outputs) .. '</div>' else return p.top(frame, args, map) .. tostring( p.mark(frame, args, map) ) .. p.bottom(frame, args, map) end end -- Compatibility function for Infobox settlement. -- Uses the existing Location map renderer. function p.infobox_pushpin_map(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = p.valueFunc }) -- Accept the pushpin map name from the settlement template. local mapName = args.pushpin_map or args[1] if not mapName or mapName == '' then return '' end -- Convert common settlement parameters to Location map parameters. local mapArgs = { [1] = mapName, lat = args.lat or args.latitude, long = args.long or args.longitude, label = args.pushpin_label or args.name, position = args.pushpin_label_position, mark = args.pushpin_image, marksize = args.pushpin_marksize, width = args.pushpin_mapsize, caption = args.pushpin_map_caption, border = 'infobox', useWikidata = true } return p.main(frame, mapArgs) end return p mt89996g9xhkd0756hilrn30hrnt8ml 0 19269 970467 897022 2026-10-22T19:54:14Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da yumbu, yumbu, karfe, ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa abinci, koh tafasa ruwa koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan abinci. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu hannu marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda kafafu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar ƙasa musamman a yankuan ƙauyuka/karkara. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar karfe #Tukunyar Laka/yumbu #Tukunyar sulba #Tukunyar Almineum ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} td9bqjbba2ew54sbr241c2jze80bhhm 970469 970467 2026-10-22T19:54:52Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da [[yumbu]], yumbu, karfe, ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa abinci, koh tafasa ruwa koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan abinci. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu hannu marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda kafafu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar ƙasa musamman a yankuan ƙauyuka/karkara. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar karfe #Tukunyar Laka/yumbu #Tukunyar sulba #Tukunyar Almineum ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ikfhq78cjxcavctqpo2rzs5j5tmssoe 970470 970469 2026-10-22T19:55:33Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da [[yumbu]], [[yumbu]], [[karfe]], ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa abinci, koh tafasa ruwa koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan abinci. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu hannu marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda kafafu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar ƙasa musamman a yankuan ƙauyuka/karkara. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar karfe #Tukunyar Laka/yumbu #Tukunyar sulba #Tukunyar Almineum ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} o6e0x3k33okwhknsi34ct13j0ntxzlj 970471 970470 2026-10-22T19:56:07Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da [[yumbu]], [[yumbu]], [[karfe]], ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa [[abinci]], koh tafasa ruwa koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan abinci. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu hannu marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda kafafu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar ƙasa musamman a yankuan ƙauyuka/karkara. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar karfe #Tukunyar Laka/yumbu #Tukunyar sulba #Tukunyar Almineum ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6lb29kv6pb9zgchbcaqjq1b5494yxha 970473 970471 2026-10-22T19:56:46Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da [[yumbu]], [[yumbu]], [[karfe]], ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa [[abinci]], koh tafasa [[ruwa]] koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan abinci. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu hannu marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda kafafu.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar [[ƙasa]] musamman a yankuan ƙauyuka/karkara. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar karfe #Tukunyar Laka/yumbu #Tukunyar sulba #Tukunyar Almineum ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ciyx0wte3tlmlww5rw51xpviavzstb6 970474 970473 2026-10-22T19:59:08Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da [[yumbu]], [[yumbu]], [[karfe]], ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa [[abinci]], koh tafasa [[ruwa]] koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan [[abinci]]. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu [[hannu]] marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda [[Kafa|kafafu]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar [[ƙasa]] musamman a yankuan [[ƙauyuka]]/[[karkara]]. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar karfe #Tukunyar Laka/yumbu #Tukunyar sulba #Tukunyar Almineum ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 4f8zu3cowabvwifvfhu8mcfac3d63rx 970475 970474 2026-10-22T20:01:01Z Zaujeel khair 49197 970475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Italic text'' [[File:ShadowedcClaycPot.jpg|thumb|tukunyar ƙasa]] [[File:Potter and his work, Jaura, India.jpg|thumb|tukwanen ruwa]] '''Tukunya:''' [[Tukunya]] wani abu ne da ake yinshi da [[yumbu]], [[yumbu]], [[karfe]], ko wasu kayan, kuma ana amfani dasu don dafa [[abinci]], koh tafasa [[ruwa]] koh wani nau’in abubuwan abun ci na amfani kuma ana iya adana kayan [[abinci]]. tukunya na iya zuwa da siffofi daban daban dare da fasali irinsu [[hannu]] marfi wasu manyan tukwanen ma suna zuwa hadda [[Kafa|kafafu]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = C. | last3 = Goldberg | first3 = P. | last4 = Cohen | first4 = D. | last5 = Pan | first5 = Y. | last6 = Arpin | first6 = T. | last7 = Bar-Yosef | first7 = O. | doi = 10.1126/science.1218643 | title = Early Pottery at 20,000 Years Ago in Xianrendong Cave, China | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-06-29_336_6089/page/1696 | journal = Science | volume = 336 | issue = 6089 | pages = 1696–1700 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22745428| bibcode = 2012Sci...336.1696W | s2cid = 37666548 }}</ref><ref name=npr1>{{cite news|last=Zielinski|title=Stone Age Stew? Soup Making May Be Older Than We'd Thought|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/06/171104410/stone-age-stew-soup-making-may-be-older-than-wed-thought|access-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=NPR|date=6 February 2013}}</ref> ==Asalinta da amfaninta== [[File:Cooking pot - coloured.svg|thumb|Tukunya]] Asali dai tukunya ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙasa domin har yanzu wasu na amfani da tukunyar [[ƙasa]] musamman a yankuan [[ƙauyuka]]/[[karkara]]. Ana amfani da tukunya wajen; * Dahuwa * Aje ruwa * Al`ummar [[Hausawa]] na amfani da ita wajen binne mamaci/gawa ==Ire-iren tukunya== #Tukunyar [[karfe]] #Tukunyar Laka/[[yumbu]] #Tukunyar [[sulba]] #Tukunyar [[Almineum|Aluminium]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} anrycxp04bqwd690shml5d4cx2pgkur 0 21005 970391 472383 2026-10-22T15:26:11Z Salma Raddah 45959 970391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Essma_Ben_Hamida.jpg|thumb| Essma Ben Hamida (2020)]] '''Essma Ben Hamida''' (an haifeta a shekara ta 1951) malamar makaranta ce ƴar ƙasar [[Tunisiya|Tunusiya]], yar jarida ce kuma Yar kasuwa ce. Bayan bude wani kamfani da kuma fara aiki a wani reshe na kamfanin dillancin labarai na [[Tunisia]] mai suna TAP a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke [[New York (birni)|New York]], ta koma Tunisia tare da mijinta, wanda mijin ta shi dan asalin kasar Burtaniya ne, mai suna Michael Cracknell, suka kafa Enda tsakanin kasashen a shekara ta 1990 a kan Enda Duniya ta Uku . Kamar yadda Enda Tamweel, tun daga wannan lokacin ya zama babbar cibiyar samar da tallafi mai tsafta ga mata, shigar da mazaje da ke bawa matansu aiki a matsayin masu garanti. A cikin shekarata 2010, an girmama Ben Hamida a matsayin "Fitaccen dan kasuwar zamantakewar al'umma a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka" da Gidauniyar Schwab da andungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya. == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Mme Essma Ben Hamida et M. Michael Cracknell.jpg|thumb|Essma Ben Hamida]] An haife shi a shekarar 1951 a Kairouan, Essma Ben Hamida ya yi karatun tarihi da labarin kasa a jami’ar Tunis . A lokacin da ta kammala karatun ta, ta yi shekara guda a matsayin digirin -digirgir a jami’ar Paris-Est Créteil inda ta karanta ilmin birane amma sai ta koyar a makarantar sakandare na wasu shekaru kafin ta zama ‘yar jarida. A shekarar 1970, ta koma New York inda ta kirkiro ofishin kamfanin dillancin labarai na Tunisiya na farko a hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A ci gaba da shiga tsakaninta da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a cikin shekarun 1980s ta kwashe kusan shekaru tara a [[Rum|Rome]] da Geneva tana aiki da Gidauniyar kasa da kasa ta ci gaban zabi da kuma Inter-Press Service . Ta bayar da rahoto game da ayyukan hukumomi ciki har da FAO, IFAD, Shirin Abinci na Duniya da Majalisar Abincin Duniya . Wannan ya bukaci tafiye-tafiye zuwa Latin Amurka, Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya inda ta yi hira da mutanen da ke zaune a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da talauci, suna yin rahoto ga hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan ta kwashe shekaru 12 a kasashen waje, sai ta dawo kasar Tunusiya kuma, tare da angonta Michael Cracknell, suka kafa kamfanin Enda tsakanin kasashen domin samar da sauki ga jari ta hanyar kananan kudade ga mata marasa galihu wadanda ke son ci gaban kasuwanci. Musamman, ta karfafawa mata gwiwa su zama masu cin gashin kansu ta fuskar tattalin arziki kasancewar tana da yakinin suna da muhimmiyar rawar da zasu taka wajen ci gaban. Kashi uku bisa huɗu na waɗanda suka nemi kuɗi mata ne duk da cewa an kuma ba maza damar shiga muddin matansu sun kasance a matsayin masu ba da garantin. Wannan ya haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin maza da mata tare da karɓar damar mata don gudanar da kasuwanci. Enda ya ba da ƙarin sabis ɗin ga mata gami da tattaunawar tattaunawa, kwasa-kwasan karatu da karatu, kasuwanci da kula da kuɗi. Zuwa shekarar 2019, kimanin kananan 'yan kasuwa 800,000 ne suka ci gajiyar ayyukan na Enda, akasarinsu mata da ke zaune a yankunan da ke fama da talauci. == Lambobin yabo == Ben Hamida ya sami fifiko na "Fitaccen dan kasuwar zamantakewar al'umma a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka na shekara ta 2010" daga Gidauniyar Schwab da kuma Tattalin Arzikin Duniya. A shekarar 2019, Takreem ya karrama ta a matsayin "Fitacciyar Mace Balaraba". == Manazarta ==  {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.endatamweel.tn/ Yanar gizo Enda Tamweel] (a Faransanci) [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Category:Matan Tunusiya]] [[Category:Mata Yan kasuwa]] [[Category:Matan karni na 21th]] f381wsyhnzurw84qljntqg1ub6b1cak 970392 970391 2026-10-22T15:26:25Z Salma Raddah 45959 970392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Essma_Ben_Hamida.jpg|thumb| Essma Ben Hamida (2020)]] '''Essma Ben Hamida''' (an haifeta a shekara ta 1951) malamar makaranta ce ƴar ƙasar [[Tunisiya|Tunusiya]], yar jarida ce kuma Yar kasuwa ce. Bayan bude wani kamfani da kuma fara aiki a wani reshe na kamfanin dillancin labarai na Tunisia mai suna TAP a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke [[New York (birni)|New York]], ta koma Tunisia tare da mijinta, wanda mijin ta shi dan asalin kasar Burtaniya ne, mai suna Michael Cracknell, suka kafa Enda tsakanin kasashen a shekara ta 1990 a kan Enda Duniya ta Uku . Kamar yadda Enda Tamweel, tun daga wannan lokacin ya zama babbar cibiyar samar da tallafi mai tsafta ga mata, shigar da mazaje da ke bawa matansu aiki a matsayin masu garanti. A cikin shekarata 2010, an girmama Ben Hamida a matsayin "Fitaccen dan kasuwar zamantakewar al'umma a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka" da Gidauniyar Schwab da andungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya. == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Mme Essma Ben Hamida et M. Michael Cracknell.jpg|thumb|Essma Ben Hamida]] An haife shi a shekarar 1951 a Kairouan, Essma Ben Hamida ya yi karatun tarihi da labarin kasa a jami’ar Tunis . A lokacin da ta kammala karatun ta, ta yi shekara guda a matsayin digirin -digirgir a jami’ar Paris-Est Créteil inda ta karanta ilmin birane amma sai ta koyar a makarantar sakandare na wasu shekaru kafin ta zama ‘yar jarida. A shekarar 1970, ta koma New York inda ta kirkiro ofishin kamfanin dillancin labarai na Tunisiya na farko a hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A ci gaba da shiga tsakaninta da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a cikin shekarun 1980s ta kwashe kusan shekaru tara a [[Rum|Rome]] da Geneva tana aiki da Gidauniyar kasa da kasa ta ci gaban zabi da kuma Inter-Press Service . Ta bayar da rahoto game da ayyukan hukumomi ciki har da FAO, IFAD, Shirin Abinci na Duniya da Majalisar Abincin Duniya . Wannan ya bukaci tafiye-tafiye zuwa Latin Amurka, Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya inda ta yi hira da mutanen da ke zaune a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da talauci, suna yin rahoto ga hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan ta kwashe shekaru 12 a kasashen waje, sai ta dawo kasar Tunusiya kuma, tare da angonta Michael Cracknell, suka kafa kamfanin Enda tsakanin kasashen domin samar da sauki ga jari ta hanyar kananan kudade ga mata marasa galihu wadanda ke son ci gaban kasuwanci. Musamman, ta karfafawa mata gwiwa su zama masu cin gashin kansu ta fuskar tattalin arziki kasancewar tana da yakinin suna da muhimmiyar rawar da zasu taka wajen ci gaban. Kashi uku bisa huɗu na waɗanda suka nemi kuɗi mata ne duk da cewa an kuma ba maza damar shiga muddin matansu sun kasance a matsayin masu ba da garantin. Wannan ya haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin maza da mata tare da karɓar damar mata don gudanar da kasuwanci. Enda ya ba da ƙarin sabis ɗin ga mata gami da tattaunawar tattaunawa, kwasa-kwasan karatu da karatu, kasuwanci da kula da kuɗi. Zuwa shekarar 2019, kimanin kananan 'yan kasuwa 800,000 ne suka ci gajiyar ayyukan na Enda, akasarinsu mata da ke zaune a yankunan da ke fama da talauci. == Lambobin yabo == Ben Hamida ya sami fifiko na "Fitaccen dan kasuwar zamantakewar al'umma a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka na shekara ta 2010" daga Gidauniyar Schwab da kuma Tattalin Arzikin Duniya. A shekarar 2019, Takreem ya karrama ta a matsayin "Fitacciyar Mace Balaraba". == Manazarta ==  {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.endatamweel.tn/ Yanar gizo Enda Tamweel] (a Faransanci) [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Category:Matan Tunusiya]] [[Category:Mata Yan kasuwa]] [[Category:Matan karni na 21th]] 3wt2vxtjmjl1ulezahrmtqw0z5q55tn 4 21908 970526 970046 2026-10-22T21:30:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 970526 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Psi-Lord|Psi-Lord]] |[[Special:Contributions/Psi-Lord|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 18 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Abbabullet|Abbabullet]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abbabullet|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Averherbs|Averherbs]] |[[Special:Contributions/Averherbs|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Lrangara|Lrangara]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lrangara|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Aisha Bature Gusau|Aisha Bature Gusau]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aisha Bature Gusau|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Hi, Ahmad|Hi, Ahmad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hi, Ahmad|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |7 |[[User:King4852|King4852]] |[[Special:Contributions/King4852|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Momo.blhj2010|Momo.blhj2010]] |[[Special:Contributions/Momo.blhj2010|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Almustafa Ahmad|Almustafa Ahmad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Almustafa Ahmad|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Julia - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona|Julia - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona]] |[[Special:Contributions/Julia - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Apcbg|Apcbg]] |[[Special:Contributions/Apcbg|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |12 |[[User:QuickIan|QuickIan]] |[[Special:Contributions/QuickIan|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Editorailshob|Editorailshob]] |[[Special:Contributions/Editorailshob|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |14 |[[User:ThomasYehYeh|ThomasYehYeh]] |[[Special:Contributions/ThomasYehYeh|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Ibrahim saminu abdullahi|Ibrahim saminu abdullahi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim saminu abdullahi|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Lemakjei|Lemakjei]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lemakjei|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |17 |[[User:KirillPakhomov|KirillPakhomov]] |[[Special:Contributions/KirillPakhomov|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Sona Saribekian|Sona Saribekian]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sona Saribekian|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Paul Badman|Paul Badman]] |[[Special:Contributions/Paul Badman|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Emzed002|Emzed002]] |[[Special:Contributions/Emzed002|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |21 |[[User:خالد وليد محمد|خالد وليد محمد]] |[[Special:Contributions/خالد وليد محمد|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Jishara|Jishara]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jishara|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Julitte daisy|Julitte daisy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Julitte daisy|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Alpha Beta Delta Lambda|Alpha Beta Delta Lambda]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alpha Beta Delta Lambda|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |25 |[[User:SachaAL2026;|SachaAL2026;]] |[[Special:Contributions/SachaAL2026;|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |26 |[[User:Wikappe|Wikappe]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wikappe|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 19 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |27 |[[User:Muittafaaminu|Muittafaaminu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Muittafaaminu|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |28 |[[User:FerasetVeBasiret|FerasetVeBasiret]] |[[Special:Contributions/FerasetVeBasiret|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |29 |[[User:Thurstonrs|Thurstonrs]] |[[Special:Contributions/Thurstonrs|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |30 |[[User:Robertpd85|Robertpd85]] |[[Special:Contributions/Robertpd85|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |31 |[[User:Underdejahvu|Underdejahvu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Underdejahvu|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |32 |[[User:Juppi lantteineen|Juppi lantteineen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Juppi lantteineen|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |33 |[[User:2buism3il|2buism3il]] |[[Special:Contributions/2buism3il|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Hassana Salman Haruna|Hassana Salman Haruna]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hassana Salman Haruna|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Coby Henderson|Coby Henderson]] |[[Special:Contributions/Coby Henderson|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |36 |[[User:AnOldSky|AnOldSky]] |[[Special:Contributions/AnOldSky|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Shixart1985|Shixart1985]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shixart1985|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |38 |[[User:Dugoasmeur|Dugoasmeur]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dugoasmeur|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |39 |[[User:Bhola Khan|Bhola Khan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bhola Khan|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |40 |[[User:Vexistentialist|Vexistentialist]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vexistentialist|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |41 |[[User:अमेठीवाला|अमेठीवाला]] |[[Special:Contributions/अमेठीवाला|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Christina12567|Christina12567]] |[[Special:Contributions/Christina12567|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |43 |[[User:Yosephus|Yosephus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yosephus|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |44 |[[User:RW Gamer (a typical editor and a gamer)|RW Gamer (a typical editor and a gamer)]] |[[Special:Contributions/RW Gamer (a typical editor and a gamer)|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |45 |[[User:ابراهيم معزوز|ابراهيم معزوز]] |[[Special:Contributions/ابراهيم معزوز|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |46 |[[User:NagareKiba|NagareKiba]] |[[Special:Contributions/NagareKiba|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |47 |[[User:Ceviche25|Ceviche25]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ceviche25|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |48 |[[User:Eren maker 2009|Eren maker 2009]] |[[Special:Contributions/Eren maker 2009|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |49 |[[User:Underhandmidas|Underhandmidas]] |[[Special:Contributions/Underhandmidas|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |50 |[[User:Abdollahi mousa|Abdollahi mousa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdollahi mousa|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Salim Gombe Heritage|Salim Gombe Heritage]] |[[Special:Contributions/Salim Gombe Heritage|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |52 |[[User:PeacockSociety|PeacockSociety]] |[[Special:Contributions/PeacockSociety|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |53 |[[User:YoussifMohammed23|YoussifMohammed23]] |[[Special:Contributions/YoussifMohammed23|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |54 |[[User:NHN2214|NHN2214]] |[[Special:Contributions/NHN2214|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |55 |[[User:Vaurith|Vaurith]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vaurith|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |56 |[[User:JanManisijun|JanManisijun]] |[[Special:Contributions/JanManisijun|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |57 |[[User:Trabzonluyuz-rumuz-elhamdulillah|Trabzonluyuz-rumuz-elhamdulillah]] |[[Special:Contributions/Trabzonluyuz-rumuz-elhamdulillah|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |58 |[[User:Milena244|Milena244]] |[[Special:Contributions/Milena244|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |59 |[[User:Gauss|Gauss]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gauss|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |60 |[[User:Alisteron|Alisteron]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alisteron|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |61 |[[User:Morengal|Morengal]] |[[Special:Contributions/Morengal|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |62 |[[User:DogandPerson85910|DogandPerson85910]] |[[Special:Contributions/DogandPerson85910|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |63 |[[User:Alkasim Muhammad AM jewelry|Alkasim Muhammad AM jewelry]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alkasim Muhammad AM jewelry|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |64 |[[User:Faisa6|Faisa6]] |[[Special:Contributions/Faisa6|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 20 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |65 |[[User:OnniOnni123|OnniOnni123]] |[[Special:Contributions/OnniOnni123|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |66 |[[User:YatesTucker00090|YatesTucker00090]] |[[Special:Contributions/YatesTucker00090|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |67 |[[User:Sselmanr|Sselmanr]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sselmanr|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |68 |[[User:Spree4218|Spree4218]] |[[Special:Contributions/Spree4218|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |69 |[[User:Phanopoeia|Phanopoeia]] |[[Special:Contributions/Phanopoeia|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |70 |[[User:Ltosnar|Ltosnar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ltosnar|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |71 |[[User:Obereits|Obereits]] |[[Special:Contributions/Obereits|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |72 |[[User:PhilipRomano|PhilipRomano]] |[[Special:Contributions/PhilipRomano|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |73 |[[User:Rfakch007|Rfakch007]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rfakch007|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |74 |[[User:Abirahmed562|Abirahmed562]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abirahmed562|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |75 |[[User:赤田慎吾|赤田慎吾]] |[[Special:Contributions/赤田慎吾|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |76 |[[User:Enzo loe|Enzo loe]] |[[Special:Contributions/Enzo loe|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |77 |[[User:JEW|JEW]] |[[Special:Contributions/JEW|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |78 |[[User:Pavouk|Pavouk]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pavouk|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |79 |[[User:Masa'ud Musa|Masa'ud Musa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Masa'ud Musa|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |80 |[[User:JD7722|JD7722]] |[[Special:Contributions/JD7722|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |81 |[[User:Cyndi X|Cyndi X]] |[[Special:Contributions/Cyndi X|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |82 |[[User:CatSMO|CatSMO]] |[[Special:Contributions/CatSMO|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |83 |[[User:Knasuttern|Knasuttern]] |[[Special:Contributions/Knasuttern|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |84 |[[User:AlishbaNaseer|AlishbaNaseer]] |[[Special:Contributions/AlishbaNaseer|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |85 |[[User:Klatsker|Klatsker]] |[[Special:Contributions/Klatsker|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |86 |[[User:Pat-Bassey Charles|Pat-Bassey Charles]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pat-Bassey Charles|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |87 |[[User:Barberserk|Barberserk]] |[[Special:Contributions/Barberserk|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |88 |[[User:Zaharadine|Zaharadine]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zaharadine|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |89 |[[User:Dinarian19001|Dinarian19001]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dinarian19001|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |90 |[[User:Omnism|Omnism]] |[[Special:Contributions/Omnism|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |91 |[[User:AMarino-WMF|AMarino-WMF]] |[[Special:Contributions/AMarino-WMF|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 21 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |92 |[[User:Mausfield|Mausfield]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mausfield|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |93 |[[User:Alessandro20092102|Alessandro20092102]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alessandro20092102|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |94 |[[User:Smiggybone|Smiggybone]] |[[Special:Contributions/Smiggybone|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |95 |[[User:Me4tJ3ko|Me4tJ3ko]] |[[Special:Contributions/Me4tJ3ko|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |96 |[[User:Asianeditorz|Asianeditorz]] |[[Special:Contributions/Asianeditorz|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |97 |[[User:Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon|Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon]] |[[Special:Contributions/Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |98 |[[User:TheXydez|TheXydez]] |[[Special:Contributions/TheXydez|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |99 |[[User:User54644|User54644]] |[[Special:Contributions/User54644|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |100 |[[User:Spiderman 1236373|Spiderman 1236373]] |[[Special:Contributions/Spiderman 1236373|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |101 |[[User:MBNwaiser|MBNwaiser]] |[[Special:Contributions/MBNwaiser|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |102 |[[User:Abelson7002|Abelson7002]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abelson7002|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |103 |[[User:Dalibi Ibrahim|Dalibi Ibrahim]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dalibi Ibrahim|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |104 |[[User:Guzy Tube|Guzy Tube]] |[[Special:Contributions/Guzy Tube|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |105 |[[User:Yahya Musa|Yahya Musa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yahya Musa|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |106 |[[User:Equivalent-Text2598|Equivalent-Text2598]] |[[Special:Contributions/Equivalent-Text2598|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 22 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |} 1uer36p8hx809610kisbbjs0r31zi7e 10 38070 970399 187088 2026-10-22T15:44:24Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970399 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{main other|{{#invoke:Settlement short description|main}}|}}{{Infobox | child = {{yesno|{{{embed|}}}}} | templatestyles = Infobox settlement/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-settlement vcard <!--** names, type, and transliterations ** --> | above = <div class="fn org">{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}</div> {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}}{{#if:{{{other_name|}}}|<div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">{{{other_name}}}</div>}} | subheader = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|<div class="category">{{{type|}}}</div>}} | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official | data1 = {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} <!-- ***Transliteration language 1*** --> | rowclass2 = mergedtoprow | header2 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{{translit_lang1}}}&nbsp;transcription(s)}} | rowclass3 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type1|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label3 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type}}} | data3 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info|}}}}}}} | rowclass4 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label4 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type1}}} | data4 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type1|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info1|}}}}}}} | rowclass5 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label5 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type2}}} | data5 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type2|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info2|}}}}}}} | rowclass6 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type4|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label6 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type3}}} | data6 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type3|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info3|}}}}}}} | rowclass7 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label7 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type4}}} | data7 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type4|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info4|}}}}}}} | rowclass8 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type6|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label8 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type5}}} | data8 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type5|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info5|}}}}}}} | rowclass9 = mergedbottomrow | label9 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type6}}} | data9 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type6|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info6|}}}}}}} <!-- ***Transliteration language 2*** --> | rowclass10 = mergedtoprow | header10 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{{translit_lang2}}}&nbsp;transcription(s)}} | rowclass11 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type1|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label11 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type}}} | data11 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info|}}}}}}} | rowclass12 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label12 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type1}}} | data12 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type1|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info1|}}}}}}} | rowclass13 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label13 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type2}}} | data13 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type2|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info2|}}}}}}} | rowclass14 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type4|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label14 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type3}}} | data14 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type3|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info3|}}}}}}} | rowclass15 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label15 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type4}}} | data15 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type4|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info4|}}}}}}} | rowclass16 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type6|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label16 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type5}}} | data16 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type5|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info5|}}}}}}} | rowclass17 = mergedbottomrow | label17 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type6}}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type6|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info6|}}}}}}} <!-- end ** names, type, and transliterations ** --> <!-- ***Skyline Image*** --> | rowclass18 = mergedtoprow | data18 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage<!-- -->|image={{{image|}}}<!-- -->|size={{{image_size|}}}|sizedefault=250px|upright={{{image_upright|}}}<!-- -->|alt={{{alt|}}}<!-- -->|title={{if empty|{{{caption|}}}|{{{alt|}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{caption|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption">{{{caption|}}}</div>}} }} <!-- ***Flag, Seal, Shield and Coat of arms*** --> | rowclass19 = mergedtoprow | class19 = maptable | data19 = {{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}{{{image_seal|}}}{{{image_shield|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem|}}}{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}} |{{Infobox settlement/columns | 1 = {{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_flag}}}|size={{{flag_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|125px|100x100px}}|border={{yesno |{{{flag_border|}}}|yes=yes|blank=yes}}|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|title=Flag of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Flag|link={{{flag_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_seal|}}}|size={{{seal_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|85px|100x100px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|title=Official seal of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}|class={{{seal_class|}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{if empty|{{{seal_type|}}}|Seal}}|link={{{seal_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_shield|}}}||size={{{shield_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|85px|100x100px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|title=Coat of arms of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Coat of arms|link={{{shield_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 4 = {{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_blank_emblem|}}}|size={{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|85px|100x100px}}|upright={{{blank_emblem_upright|}}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|title=Official logo of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|link={{{blank_emblem_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 5 = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|sizedefault=100x100px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|title={{{map_caption|Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{{map_caption}}}</div>}}}} | 0 = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{#property:P625}}|{{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} | default_width = 250 <!-- Shouldn't this be set to 150 and the if empty below removed? --> | pushpin_map_size = 150 }}}}}} }} }} <!-- ***Etymology*** --> | rowclass20 = mergedtoprow | data20 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}|Etymology: {{{etymology}}} }} <!-- ***Nickname*** --> | rowclass21 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | data21 = {{#if:{{{nickname|}}}{{{nicknames|}}}|<!-- -->{{Pluralize from text|parse_links=1|{{if empty|{{{nickname|}}}|{{{nicknames|}}}{{force plural}}}}|<!-- -->link={{{nickname_link|}}}|singular=Nickname|likely=Nickname(s)|plural=Nicknames}}:&nbsp;<!-- --><div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">{{if empty|{{{nickname|}}}|{{{nicknames|}}}}}</div><!-- -->{{Main other|{{Pluralize from text|parse_links=1|{{{nickname|}}}|<!-- -->likely=[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list]]}}}}}} <!-- ***Motto*** --> | rowclass22 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}{{{nickname|}}}{{{nicknames|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | data22 = {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{mottoes|}}}|<!-- -->{{Pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{motto|}}}|{{{mottoes|}}}{{force plural}}}}|<!-- -->link={{{motto_link|}}}|singular=Motto|likely=Motto(s)|plural=Mottoes}}:&nbsp;<!-- --><div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">{{if empty|{{{motto|}}}|{{{mottoes|}}}}}</div><!-- -->{{Main other|{{Pluralize from text|{{{motto|}}}|<!-- -->likely=[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list]]}}}}}} <!-- ***Anthem*** --> | rowclass23 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}{{{nickname|}}}{{{nicknames|}}}{{{motto|}}}{{{mottoes|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | data23 = {{#if:{{{anthem|}}}|{{#if:{{{anthem_link|}}}|[[{{{anthem_link|}}}|Anthem:]]|Anthem:}} {{{anthem}}}}} <!-- ***Map*** --> | rowclass24 = mergedtoprow | data24 = {{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}||{{#if:{{{image_map|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|sizedefault=250px|upright={{{image_upright|}}}|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|title={{{map_caption|Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption">{{{map_caption}}}</div>}} }}}} | rowclass25 = mergedrow | data25 = {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map1}}}|size={{{map_size1|}}}|sizedefault=250px|upright={{{image_upright|}}}|alt={{{map_alt1|}}}|title={{{map_caption1|Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption1|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption">{{{map_caption1}}}</div>}} }} | data26 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{image_map1|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-frame-width = 250 | mapframe-stroke-width = 2 | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_total_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_total_acre|}}} | mapframe-area_sq_mi = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} | mapframe-type = city | mapframe-population = {{if empty|{{{population_metro|}}}|{{{population_total|}}}}} | mapframe-marker = town | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} <!-- ***Pushpin Map*** --> | rowclass28 = mergedtoprow | data28 = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}||{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{#property:P625}}|{{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | default_width = 250 | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} }} }} }} <!-- ***Coordinates*** --> | data29 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#if:{{#invoke:string|match|s={{{coordinates|}}}|pattern=geo-inline-hidden|ignore_errors=true|plain=true}}|<!-- Nothing to display --> |Coordinates{{#if:{{{coor_pinpoint|}}}{{{coor_type|}}}|&#32;({{if empty|{{{coor_pinpoint|}}}|{{{coor_type|}}}}})}}: {{#invoke:ISO 3166|geocoordinsert|nocat=true|1={{{coordinates|}}}|country={{{subdivision_name|}}}|subdivision1={{{subdivision_name1|}}}|subdivision2={{{subdivision_name2|}}}|subdivision3={{{subdivision_name3|}}}|type=city{{#if:{{{population_total|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{population_total}}}|R}}+1}}||({{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_total}}}|,|}}|R}})}}}} }}{{{coordinates_footnotes|}}} }}}} | rowclass30 = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{image_map1|}}}{{{pushpin_map|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedrow}} | label30 = {{if empty|{{{grid_name|}}}|Grid&nbsp;position}} | data30 = {{{grid_position|}}} <!-- ***Subdivisions*** --> | rowclass31 = mergedtoprow | label31 = {{{subdivision_type}}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}|{{{subdivision_name|}}} }} | rowclass32 = mergedrow | label32 = {{{subdivision_type1}}} | data32 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}|{{{subdivision_name1|}}} }} | rowclass33 = mergedrow | label33 = {{{subdivision_type2}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}|{{{subdivision_name2|}}} }} | rowclass34 = mergedrow | label34 = {{{subdivision_type3}}} | data34 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}|{{{subdivision_name3|}}} }} | rowclass35 = mergedrow | label35 = {{{subdivision_type4}}} | data35 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}|{{{subdivision_name4|}}} }} | rowclass36 = mergedrow | label36 = {{{subdivision_type5}}} | data36 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type5|}}}|{{{subdivision_name5|}}} }} | rowclass37 = mergedrow | label37 = {{{subdivision_type6}}} | data37 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type6|}}}|{{{subdivision_name6|}}} }} <!--***Established*** --> | rowclass38 = mergedtoprow | label38 = {{if empty|{{{established_title|}}}|Established}} | data38 = {{{established_date|}}} | rowclass39 = mergedrow | label39 = {{{established_title1}}} | data39 = {{#if:{{{established_title1|}}}|{{{established_date1|}}} }} | rowclass40 = mergedrow | label40 = {{{established_title2}}} | data40 = {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}|{{{established_date2|}}} }} | rowclass41 = mergedrow | label41 = {{{established_title3}}} | data41 = {{#if:{{{established_title3|}}}|{{{established_date3|}}} }} | rowclass42 = mergedrow | label42 = {{{established_title4}}} | data42 = {{#if:{{{established_title4|}}}|{{{established_date4|}}} }} | rowclass43 = mergedrow | label43 = {{{established_title5}}} | data43 = {{#if:{{{established_title5|}}}|{{{established_date5|}}} }} | rowclass44 = mergedrow | label44 = {{{established_title6}}} | data44 = {{#if:{{{established_title6|}}}|{{{established_date6|}}} }} | rowclass45 = mergedrow | label45 = {{{established_title7}}} | data45 = {{#if:{{{established_title7|}}}|{{{established_date7|}}} }} | rowclass46 = mergedrow | label46 = {{{extinct_title}}} | data46 = {{#if:{{{extinct_title|}}}|{{{extinct_date|}}} }} | rowclass47 = mergedrow | label47 = Founder | data47 = {{{founder|}}} | rowclass48 = mergedrow | label48 = [[Namesake|Named for]] | data48 = {{{named_for|}}} <!-- ***Seat of government and subdivisions within the settlement*** --> | rowclass49 = mergedtoprow | label49 = {{if empty|{{{seat_type|}}}|Seat}} | data49 = {{{seat|}}} | rowclass50 = mergedrow | label50 = {{if empty|{{{seat1_type|}}}|Former seat}} | data50 = {{{seat1|}}} | rowclass51 = mergedrow | label51 = {{if empty|{{{seat2_type|}}}|Former seat}} | data51 = {{{seat2|}}} | rowclass52 = {{#if:{{{seat|}}}{{{seat1|}}}{{{seat2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label52 = {{if empty|{{{parts_type|}}}|Boroughs}} | data52 = {{#if:{{{parts|}}}{{{p1|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{parts_style|}}}|para |<b>{{{parts|}}}{{#if:{{both|{{{parts|}}}|{{{p1|}}}}}|&#58;&nbsp;|}}</b>{{comma separated entries|{{{p1|}}}|{{{p2|}}}|{{{p3|}}}|{{{p4|}}}|{{{p5|}}}|{{{p6|}}}|{{{p7|}}}|{{{p8|}}}|{{{p9|}}}|{{{p10|}}}|{{{p11|}}}|{{{p12|}}}|{{{p13|}}}|{{{p14|}}}|{{{p15|}}}|{{{p16|}}}|{{{p17|}}}|{{{p18|}}}|{{{p19|}}}|{{{p20|}}}|{{{p21|}}}|{{{p22|}}}|{{{p23|}}}|{{{p24|}}}|{{{p25|}}}|{{{p26|}}}|{{{p27|}}}|{{{p28|}}}|{{{p29|}}}|{{{p30|}}}|{{{p31|}}}|{{{p32|}}}|{{{p33|}}}|{{{p34|}}}|{{{p35|}}}|{{{p36|}}}|{{{p37|}}}|{{{p38|}}}|{{{p39|}}}|{{{p40|}}}|{{{p41|}}}|{{{p42|}}}|{{{p43|}}}|{{{p44|}}}|{{{p45|}}}|{{{p46|}}}|{{{p47|}}}|{{{p48|}}}|{{{p49|}}}|{{{p50|}}}}} |{{#if:{{{p1|}}}|{{Collapsible list|title={{{parts|}}}|expand={{#switch:{{{parts_style|}}}|coll=|list=y|{{#if:{{{p6|}}}||y}}}}|1={{{p1|}}}|2={{{p2|}}}|3={{{p3|}}}|4={{{p4|}}}|5={{{p5|}}}|6={{{p6|}}}|7={{{p7|}}}|8={{{p8|}}}|9={{{p9|}}}|10={{{p10|}}}|11={{{p11|}}}|12={{{p12|}}}|13={{{p13|}}}|14={{{p14|}}}|15={{{p15|}}}|16={{{p16|}}}|17={{{p17|}}}|18={{{p18|}}}|19={{{p19|}}}|20={{{p20|}}}|21={{{p21|}}}|22={{{p22|}}}|23={{{p23|}}}|24={{{p24|}}}|25={{{p25|}}}|26={{{p26|}}}|27={{{p27|}}}|28={{{p28|}}}|29={{{p29|}}}|30={{{p30|}}}|31={{{p31|}}}|32={{{p32|}}}|33={{{p33|}}}|34={{{p34|}}}|35={{{p35|}}}|36={{{p36|}}}|37={{{p37|}}}|38={{{p38|}}}|39={{{p39|}}}|40={{{p40|}}}|41={{{p41|}}}|42={{{p42|}}}|43={{{p43|}}}|44={{{p44|}}}|45={{{p45|}}}|46={{{p46|}}}|47={{{p47|}}}|48={{{p48|}}}|49={{{p49|}}}|50={{{p50|}}}}} |{{{parts}}} }} }} }} <!-- ***Government type and Leader*** --> | rowclass53 = mergedtoprow | header53 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{governing_body|}}}{{{leader_name|}}}{{{leader_name1|}}}{{{leader_name2|}}}{{{leader_name3|}}}{{{leader_name4|}}}|Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{government_footnotes|}}}</div>}} <!-- ***Government*** --> | rowclass54 = mergedrow | label54 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Type | data54 = {{{government_type|}}} | rowclass55 = mergedrow | label55 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Body | class55 = agent | data55 = {{{governing_body|}}} | rowclass56 = mergedrow | label56 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title}}} | data56 = {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}|{{{leader_name|}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}}} | rowclass57 = mergedrow | label57 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title1}}} | data57 = {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}|{{{leader_name1|}}}}} | rowclass58 = mergedrow | label58 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title2}}} | data58 = {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}|{{{leader_name2|}}}}} | rowclass59 = mergedrow | label59 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title3}}} | data59 = {{#if:{{{leader_title3|}}}|{{{leader_name3|}}}}} | rowclass60 = mergedrow | label60 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title4}}} | data60 = {{#if:{{{leader_title4|}}}|{{{leader_name4|}}}}} | rowclass61 = mergedrow | label61 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title5}}} | data61 = {{#if:{{{leader_title5|}}}|{{{leader_name5|}}}}} | rowclass62 = mergedrow | label62 = {{{government_blank1_title}}} | data62 = {{#if:{{{government_blank1_title|}}}|{{{government_blank1|}}}}} | rowclass63 = mergedrow | label63 = {{{government_blank2_title}}} | data63 = {{#if:{{{government_blank2_title|}}}|{{{government_blank2|}}}}} | rowclass64 = mergedrow | label64 = {{{government_blank3_title}}} | data64 = {{#if:{{{government_blank3_title|}}}|{{{government_blank3|}}}}} | rowclass65 = mergedrow | label65 = {{{government_blank4_title}}} | data65 = {{#if:{{{government_blank4_title|}}}|{{{government_blank4|}}}}} | rowclass66 = mergedrow | label66 = {{{government_blank5_title}}} | data66 = {{#if:{{{government_blank5_title|}}}|{{{government_blank5|}}}}} | rowclass67 = mergedrow | label67 = {{{government_blank6_title}}} | data67 = {{#if:{{{government_blank6_title|}}}|{{{government_blank6|}}}}} <!-- ***Geographical characteristics*** --> <!-- ***Area*** --> | rowclass68 = mergedtoprow | header68 = {{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_ha|}}}{{{area_urban_acre|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_ha|}}}{{{area_rural_acre|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_ha|}}}{{{area_metro_acre|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_ha|}}}{{{area_blank1_acre|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |{{#if:{{both|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp;|1}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}}} |<!-- displayed below --> |Ar h95hz805h63urp7gmrd1qmvy9a2mocu 970412 970399 2026-10-22T16:06:32Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970412 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{main other|{{#invoke:Settlement short description|main}}|}}{{Infobox | child = {{yesno|{{{embed|}}}}} | templatestyles = Infobox settlement/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-settlement vcard <!--** names, type, and transliterations ** --> | above = <div class="fn org">{{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}</div> {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}}{{#if:{{{other_name|}}}|<div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">{{{other_name}}}</div>}} | subheader = {{#if:{{{type|}}}|<div class="category">{{{type|}}}</div>}} | rowclass1 = mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official | data1 = {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} <!-- ***Transliteration language 1*** --> | rowclass2 = mergedtoprow | header2 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{{translit_lang1}}}&nbsp;transcription(s)}} | rowclass3 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type1|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label3 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type}}} | data3 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info|}}}}}}} | rowclass4 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label4 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type1}}} | data4 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type1|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info1|}}}}}}} | rowclass5 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label5 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type2}}} | data5 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type2|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info2|}}}}}}} | rowclass6 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type4|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label6 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type3}}} | data6 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type3|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info3|}}}}}}} | rowclass7 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label7 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type4}}} | data7 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type4|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info4|}}}}}}} | rowclass8 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type6|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label8 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type5}}} | data8 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type5|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info5|}}}}}}} | rowclass9 = mergedbottomrow | label9 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang1_type6}}} | data9 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang1|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang1_type6|}}}|{{{translit_lang1_info6|}}}}}}} <!-- ***Transliteration language 2*** --> | rowclass10 = mergedtoprow | header10 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{{translit_lang2}}}&nbsp;transcription(s)}} | rowclass11 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type1|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label11 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type}}} | data11 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info|}}}}}}} | rowclass12 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label12 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type1}}} | data12 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type1|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info1|}}}}}}} | rowclass13 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type3|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label13 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type2}}} | data13 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type2|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info2|}}}}}}} | rowclass14 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type4|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label14 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type3}}} | data14 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type3|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info3|}}}}}}} | rowclass15 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label15 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type4}}} | data15 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type4|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info4|}}}}}}} | rowclass16 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type6|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label16 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type5}}} | data16 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type5|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info5|}}}}}}} | rowclass17 = mergedbottomrow | label17 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{translit_lang2_type6}}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{translit_lang2|}}}|{{#if:{{{translit_lang2_type6|}}}|{{{translit_lang2_info6|}}}}}}} <!-- end ** names, type, and transliterations ** --> <!-- ***Skyline Image*** --> | rowclass18 = mergedtoprow | data18 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage<!-- -->|image={{{image|}}}<!-- -->|size={{{image_size|}}}|sizedefault=250px|upright={{{image_upright|}}}<!-- -->|alt={{{alt|}}}<!-- -->|title={{if empty|{{{caption|}}}|{{{alt|}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{caption|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption">{{{caption|}}}</div>}} }} <!-- ***Flag, Seal, Shield and Coat of arms*** --> | rowclass19 = mergedtoprow | class19 = maptable | data19 = {{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}{{{image_seal|}}}{{{image_shield|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem|}}}{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}} |{{Infobox settlement/columns | 1 = {{#if:{{{image_flag|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_flag}}}|size={{{flag_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|125px|100x100px}}|border={{yesno |{{{flag_border|}}}|yes=yes|blank=yes}}|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|title=Flag of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Flag|link={{{flag_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{image_seal|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_seal|}}}|size={{{seal_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|85px|100x100px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|title=Official seal of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}|class={{{seal_class|}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{if empty|{{{seal_type|}}}|Seal}}|link={{{seal_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{image_shield|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_shield|}}}||size={{{shield_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|85px|100x100px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|title=Coat of arms of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type=Coat of arms|link={{{shield_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 4 = {{#if:{{{image_blank_emblem|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_blank_emblem|}}}|size={{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|sizedefault={{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}|85px|100x100px}}|upright={{{blank_emblem_upright|}}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|title=Official logo of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{Infobox settlement/link|type={{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|link={{{blank_emblem_link|}}}|name={{{official_name}}}}}</div>}} | 5 = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|sizedefault=100x100px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|title={{{map_caption|Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">{{{map_caption}}}</div>}}}} | 0 = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{#property:P625}}|{{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} | default_width = 250 <!-- Shouldn't this be set to 150 and the if empty below removed? --> | pushpin_map_size = 150 }}}}}} }} }} <!-- ***Etymology*** --> | rowclass20 = mergedtoprow | data20 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}|Etymology: {{{etymology}}} }} <!-- ***Nickname*** --> | rowclass21 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | data21 = {{#if:{{{nickname|}}}{{{nicknames|}}}|<!-- -->{{Pluralize from text|parse_links=1|{{if empty|{{{nickname|}}}|{{{nicknames|}}}{{force plural}}}}|<!-- -->link={{{nickname_link|}}}|singular=Nickname|likely=Nickname(s)|plural=Nicknames}}:&nbsp;<!-- --><div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">{{if empty|{{{nickname|}}}|{{{nicknames|}}}}}</div><!-- -->{{Main other|{{Pluralize from text|parse_links=1|{{{nickname|}}}|<!-- -->likely=[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list]]}}}}}} <!-- ***Motto*** --> | rowclass22 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}{{{nickname|}}}{{{nicknames|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | data22 = {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{mottoes|}}}|<!-- -->{{Pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{motto|}}}|{{{mottoes|}}}{{force plural}}}}|<!-- -->link={{{motto_link|}}}|singular=Motto|likely=Motto(s)|plural=Mottoes}}:&nbsp;<!-- --><div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">{{if empty|{{{motto|}}}|{{{mottoes|}}}}}</div><!-- -->{{Main other|{{Pluralize from text|{{{motto|}}}|<!-- -->likely=[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list]]}}}}}} <!-- ***Anthem*** --> | rowclass23 = {{#if:{{{etymology|}}}{{{nickname|}}}{{{nicknames|}}}{{{motto|}}}{{{mottoes|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | data23 = {{#if:{{{anthem|}}}|{{#if:{{{anthem_link|}}}|[[{{{anthem_link|}}}|Anthem:]]|Anthem:}} {{{anthem}}}}} <!-- ***Map*** --> | rowclass24 = mergedtoprow | data24 = {{#if:{{both|{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}|{{{pushpin_map|}}}}}||{{#if:{{{image_map|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map}}}|size={{{map_size|}}}|sizedefault=250px|upright={{{image_upright|}}}|alt={{{map_alt|}}}|title={{{map_caption|Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption">{{{map_caption}}}</div>}} }}}} | rowclass25 = mergedrow | data25 = {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map1}}}|size={{{map_size1|}}}|sizedefault=250px|upright={{{image_upright|}}}|alt={{{map_alt1|}}}|title={{{map_caption1|Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{map_caption1|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-caption">{{{map_caption1}}}</div>}} }} | data26 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe | autoWithCaption | onByDefault = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{image_map1|}}}|no|yes}} | mapframe-frame-width = 250 | mapframe-stroke-width = 2 | mapframe-length_km = {{{length_km|}}} | mapframe-length_mi = {{{length_mi|}}} | mapframe-width_km = {{{width_km|}}} | mapframe-width_mi = {{{width_mi|}}} | mapframe-area_km2 = {{{area_total_km2|}}} | mapframe-area_ha = {{{area_total_ha|}}} | mapframe-area_acre = {{{area_total_acre|}}} | mapframe-area_sq_mi = {{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} | mapframe-type = city | mapframe-population = {{if empty|{{{population_metro|}}}|{{{population_total|}}}}} | mapframe-marker = town | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-caption = Interactive map of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} <!-- ***Pushpin Map*** --> | rowclass28 = mergedtoprow | data28 = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_narrow|}}}||{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}{{#property:P625}}|{{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | default_width = 250 | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} }} }} }} <!-- ***Coordinates*** --> | data29 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#if:{{#invoke:string|match|s={{{coordinates|}}}|pattern=geo-inline-hidden|ignore_errors=true|plain=true}}|<!-- Nothing to display --> |Coordinates{{#if:{{{coor_pinpoint|}}}{{{coor_type|}}}|&#32;({{if empty|{{{coor_pinpoint|}}}|{{{coor_type|}}}}})}}: {{#invoke:ISO 3166|geocoordinsert|nocat=true|1={{{coordinates|}}}|country={{{subdivision_name|}}}|subdivision1={{{subdivision_name1|}}}|subdivision2={{{subdivision_name2|}}}|subdivision3={{{subdivision_name3|}}}|type=city{{#if:{{{population_total|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{population_total}}}|R}}+1}}||({{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_total}}}|,|}}|R}})}}}} }}{{{coordinates_footnotes|}}} }}}} | rowclass30 = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{image_map1|}}}{{{pushpin_map|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedrow}} | label30 = {{if empty|{{{grid_name|}}}|Grid&nbsp;position}} | data30 = {{{grid_position|}}} <!-- ***Subdivisions*** --> | rowclass31 = mergedtoprow | label31 = {{{subdivision_type}}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}|{{{subdivision_name|}}} }} | rowclass32 = mergedrow | label32 = {{{subdivision_type1}}} | data32 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}|{{{subdivision_name1|}}} }} | rowclass33 = mergedrow | label33 = {{{subdivision_type2}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}|{{{subdivision_name2|}}} }} | rowclass34 = mergedrow | label34 = {{{subdivision_type3}}} | data34 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}|{{{subdivision_name3|}}} }} | rowclass35 = mergedrow | label35 = {{{subdivision_type4}}} | data35 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}|{{{subdivision_name4|}}} }} | rowclass36 = mergedrow | label36 = {{{subdivision_type5}}} | data36 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type5|}}}|{{{subdivision_name5|}}} }} | rowclass37 = mergedrow | label37 = {{{subdivision_type6}}} | data37 = {{#if:{{{subdivision_type6|}}}|{{{subdivision_name6|}}} }} <!--***Established*** --> | rowclass38 = mergedtoprow | label38 = {{if empty|{{{established_title|}}}|Established}} | data38 = {{{established_date|}}} | rowclass39 = mergedrow | label39 = {{{established_title1}}} | data39 = {{#if:{{{established_title1|}}}|{{{established_date1|}}} }} | rowclass40 = mergedrow | label40 = {{{established_title2}}} | data40 = {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}|{{{established_date2|}}} }} | rowclass41 = mergedrow | label41 = {{{established_title3}}} | data41 = {{#if:{{{established_title3|}}}|{{{established_date3|}}} }} | rowclass42 = mergedrow | label42 = {{{established_title4}}} | data42 = {{#if:{{{established_title4|}}}|{{{established_date4|}}} }} | rowclass43 = mergedrow | label43 = {{{established_title5}}} | data43 = {{#if:{{{established_title5|}}}|{{{established_date5|}}} }} | rowclass44 = mergedrow | label44 = {{{established_title6}}} | data44 = {{#if:{{{established_title6|}}}|{{{established_date6|}}} }} | rowclass45 = mergedrow | label45 = {{{established_title7}}} | data45 = {{#if:{{{established_title7|}}}|{{{established_date7|}}} }} | rowclass46 = mergedrow | label46 = {{{extinct_title}}} | data46 = {{#if:{{{extinct_title|}}}|{{{extinct_date|}}} }} | rowclass47 = mergedrow | label47 = Founder | data47 = {{{founder|}}} | rowclass48 = mergedrow | label48 = [[Namesake|Named for]] | data48 = {{{named_for|}}} <!-- ***Seat of government and subdivisions within the settlement*** --> | rowclass49 = mergedtoprow | label49 = {{if empty|{{{seat_type|}}}|Seat}} | data49 = {{{seat|}}} | rowclass50 = mergedrow | label50 = {{if empty|{{{seat1_type|}}}|Former seat}} | data50 = {{{seat1|}}} | rowclass51 = mergedrow | label51 = {{if empty|{{{seat2_type|}}}|Former seat}} | data51 = {{{seat2|}}} | rowclass52 = {{#if:{{{seat|}}}{{{seat1|}}}{{{seat2|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label52 = {{if empty|{{{parts_type|}}}|Boroughs}} | data52 = {{#if:{{{parts|}}}{{{p1|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{parts_style|}}}|para |<b>{{{parts|}}}{{#if:{{both|{{{parts|}}}|{{{p1|}}}}}|&#58;&nbsp;|}}</b>{{comma separated entries|{{{p1|}}}|{{{p2|}}}|{{{p3|}}}|{{{p4|}}}|{{{p5|}}}|{{{p6|}}}|{{{p7|}}}|{{{p8|}}}|{{{p9|}}}|{{{p10|}}}|{{{p11|}}}|{{{p12|}}}|{{{p13|}}}|{{{p14|}}}|{{{p15|}}}|{{{p16|}}}|{{{p17|}}}|{{{p18|}}}|{{{p19|}}}|{{{p20|}}}|{{{p21|}}}|{{{p22|}}}|{{{p23|}}}|{{{p24|}}}|{{{p25|}}}|{{{p26|}}}|{{{p27|}}}|{{{p28|}}}|{{{p29|}}}|{{{p30|}}}|{{{p31|}}}|{{{p32|}}}|{{{p33|}}}|{{{p34|}}}|{{{p35|}}}|{{{p36|}}}|{{{p37|}}}|{{{p38|}}}|{{{p39|}}}|{{{p40|}}}|{{{p41|}}}|{{{p42|}}}|{{{p43|}}}|{{{p44|}}}|{{{p45|}}}|{{{p46|}}}|{{{p47|}}}|{{{p48|}}}|{{{p49|}}}|{{{p50|}}}}} |{{#if:{{{p1|}}}|{{Collapsible list|title={{{parts|}}}|expand={{#switch:{{{parts_style|}}}|coll=|list=y|{{#if:{{{p6|}}}||y}}}}|1={{{p1|}}}|2={{{p2|}}}|3={{{p3|}}}|4={{{p4|}}}|5={{{p5|}}}|6={{{p6|}}}|7={{{p7|}}}|8={{{p8|}}}|9={{{p9|}}}|10={{{p10|}}}|11={{{p11|}}}|12={{{p12|}}}|13={{{p13|}}}|14={{{p14|}}}|15={{{p15|}}}|16={{{p16|}}}|17={{{p17|}}}|18={{{p18|}}}|19={{{p19|}}}|20={{{p20|}}}|21={{{p21|}}}|22={{{p22|}}}|23={{{p23|}}}|24={{{p24|}}}|25={{{p25|}}}|26={{{p26|}}}|27={{{p27|}}}|28={{{p28|}}}|29={{{p29|}}}|30={{{p30|}}}|31={{{p31|}}}|32={{{p32|}}}|33={{{p33|}}}|34={{{p34|}}}|35={{{p35|}}}|36={{{p36|}}}|37={{{p37|}}}|38={{{p38|}}}|39={{{p39|}}}|40={{{p40|}}}|41={{{p41|}}}|42={{{p42|}}}|43={{{p43|}}}|44={{{p44|}}}|45={{{p45|}}}|46={{{p46|}}}|47={{{p47|}}}|48={{{p48|}}}|49={{{p49|}}}|50={{{p50|}}}}} |{{{parts}}} }} }} }} <!-- ***Government type and Leader*** --> | rowclass53 = mergedtoprow | header53 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{governing_body|}}}{{{leader_name|}}}{{{leader_name1|}}}{{{leader_name2|}}}{{{leader_name3|}}}{{{leader_name4|}}}|Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{government_footnotes|}}}</div>}} <!-- ***Government*** --> | rowclass54 = mergedrow | label54 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Type | data54 = {{{government_type|}}} | rowclass55 = mergedrow | label55 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Body | class55 = agent | data55 = {{{governing_body|}}} | rowclass56 = mergedrow | label56 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title}}} | data56 = {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}|{{{leader_name|}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}}} | rowclass57 = mergedrow | label57 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title1}}} | data57 = {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}|{{{leader_name1|}}}}} | rowclass58 = mergedrow | label58 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title2}}} | data58 = {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}|{{{leader_name2|}}}}} | rowclass59 = mergedrow | label59 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title3}}} | data59 = {{#if:{{{leader_title3|}}}|{{{leader_name3|}}}}} | rowclass60 = mergedrow | label60 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title4}}} | data60 = {{#if:{{{leader_title4|}}}|{{{leader_name4|}}}}} | rowclass61 = mergedrow | label61 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{leader_title5}}} | data61 = {{#if:{{{leader_title5|}}}|{{{leader_name5|}}}}} | rowclass62 = mergedrow | label62 = {{{government_blank1_title}}} | data62 = {{#if:{{{government_blank1_title|}}}|{{{government_blank1|}}}}} | rowclass63 = mergedrow | label63 = {{{government_blank2_title}}} | data63 = {{#if:{{{government_blank2_title|}}}|{{{government_blank2|}}}}} | rowclass64 = mergedrow | label64 = {{{government_blank3_title}}} | data64 = {{#if:{{{government_blank3_title|}}}|{{{government_blank3|}}}}} | rowclass65 = mergedrow | label65 = {{{government_blank4_title}}} | data65 = {{#if:{{{government_blank4_title|}}}|{{{government_blank4|}}}}} | rowclass66 = mergedrow | label66 = {{{government_blank5_title}}} | data66 = {{#if:{{{government_blank5_title|}}}|{{{government_blank5|}}}}} | rowclass67 = mergedrow | label67 = {{{government_blank6_title}}} | data67 = {{#if:{{{government_blank6_title|}}}|{{{government_blank6|}}}}} <!-- ***Geographical characteristics*** --> <!-- ***Area*** --> | rowclass68 = mergedtoprow | header68 = {{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_ha|}}}{{{area_urban_acre|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_ha|}}}{{{area_rural_acre|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_ha|}}}{{{area_metro_acre|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_ha|}}}{{{area_blank1_acre|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |{{#if:{{both|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp;|1}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}}} |<!-- displayed below --> |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{area_footnotes|}}}</div> }} }} | rowclass69 = {{#if:{{both|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp;|1}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}}}|mergedtoprow|mergedrow}} | label69 = <div style="white-space:nowrap;">{{#if:{{both|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp;|1}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}}}} |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{area_footnotes|}}}</div> |&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{total_type|}}}|{{{total_type}}}|{{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_metro|}}}{{{population_urban|}}}{{{population_rural|}}}|{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|City}}|Total}}}} }}</div> | data69 = {{#if:{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{area_total_ha|}}}{{{area_total_acre|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_total_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_total_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_total_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_total_dunam|}}} |link ={{#switch:{{{dunam_link|}}}||on|total=on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass70 = mergedrow | label70 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Land | data70 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_land_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_land_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_land_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_land_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|land|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass71 = mergedrow | label71 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Water | data71 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_water_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_water_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_water_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_water_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|water|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}{{#ifeq:%|{{#invoke:string|sub|{{{area_water_percent|}}}|-1}}||%}}}}}} | rowclass72 = mergedrow | label72 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Urban area|Urban]]<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{area_urban_footnotes|}}}</div> | data72 = {{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_ha|}}}{{{area_urban_acre|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_urban_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_urban_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_urban_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_urban_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|urban|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass73 = mergedrow | label73 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{area_rural_footnotes|}}}</div> | data73 = {{#if:{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_rural_ha|}}}{{{area_rural_acre|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_rural_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_rural_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_rural_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_rural_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|rural|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass74 = mergedrow | label74 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{area_metro_footnotes|}}}</div> | data74 = {{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_ha|}}}{{{area_metro_acre|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_metro_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_metro_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_metro_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_metro_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|metro|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} <!-- ***Area rank*** --> | rowclass75 = mergedrow | label75 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | data75 = {{{area_rank|}}} | rowclass76 = mergedrow | label76 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{area_blank1_title}}} | data76 = {{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_ha|}}}{{{area_blank1_acre|}}}{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank1_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_blank1_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_blank1_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_blank1_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_blank1_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|blank1|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass77 = mergedrow | label77 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{area_blank2_title}}} | data77 = {{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_ha|}}}{{{area_blank2_acre|}}}{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_blank2_dunam|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/areadisp |km2 ={{{area_blank2_km2|}}} |ha ={{{area_blank2_ha|}}} |acre ={{{area_blank2_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_blank2_dunam|}}} |link ={{#ifeq:{{{dunam_link|}}}|blank2|on}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass78 = mergedrow | label78 = &nbsp; | data78 = {{{area_note|}}} <!-- ***Dimensions*** --> | rowclass79 = mergedtoprow | header79 = {{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}}{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}}|Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{dimensions_footnotes|}}}</div>}} | rowclass80 = mergedrow | label80 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Length | data80 = {{#if:{{{length_km|}}}{{{length_mi|}}} | {{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp |km ={{{length_km|}}} |mi ={{{length_mi|}}} |pref={{{unit_pref|}}} |name={{{subdivision_name}}} }} }} | rowclass81 = mergedrow | label81 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Width | data81 = {{#if:{{{width_km|}}}{{{width_mi|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp |km ={{{width_km|}}} |mi ={{{width_mi|}}} |pref={{{unit_pref|}}} |name={{{subdivision_name}}} }} }} <!-- ***Elevation*** --> | rowclass82 = mergedtoprow | label82 = {{#if:{{{elevation_link|}}}|[[{{{elevation_link|}}}|Elevation]]|Elevation}}<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}{{#if:{{{elevation_point|}}}|&#32;({{{elevation_point}}})}}</div> | data82 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp |m ={{{elevation_m|}}} |ft ={{{elevation_ft|}}} |pref={{{unit_pref|}}} |name={{{subdivision_name}}} }} }} | rowclass83 = {{#if:{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label83 = Highest&nbsp;elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{elevation_max_footnotes|}}}{{#if:{{{elevation_max_point|}}}|&#32;({{{elevation_max_point}}})}}</div> | data83 = {{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp |m ={{{elevation_max_m|}}} |ft ={{{elevation_max_ft|}}} |pref={{{unit_pref|}}} |name={{{subdivision_name}}} }} }} <!-- ***Elevation max rank*** --> | rowclass84 = mergedrow | label84 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | data84 = {{#if:{{{elevation_max_m|}}}{{{elevation_max_ft|}}}| {{{elevation_max_rank|}}} }} | rowclass85 = {{#if:{{{elevation_min_rank|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label85 = Lowest&nbsp;elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{elevation_min_footnotes|}}}{{#if:{{{elevation_min_point|}}}|&#32;({{{elevation_min_point}}})}}</div> | data85 = {{#if:{{{elevation_min_m|}}}{{{elevation_min_ft|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/lengthdisp |m ={{{elevation_min_m|}}} |ft ={{{elevation_min_ft|}}} |pref={{{unit_pref|}}} |name={{{subdivision_name}}} }} }} <!-- ***Elevation min rank*** --> | rowclass86 = mergedrow | label86 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | data86 = {{#if:{{{elevation_min_m|}}}{{{elevation_min_ft|}}}|{{{elevation_min_rank|}}}}} <!-- ***Population*** --> | rowclass87 = mergedtoprow | label87 = Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{#if:{{{population_as_of|}}}|{{nbsp}}({{{population_as_of}}})}}{{{population_footnotes|}}}</div> | data87 = {{fix comma category|{{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp; | {{#if:{{{population_total|}}} | {{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_total}}}|,|}}}} }} }} }} | rowclass88 = mergedtoprow | header88 ={{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp; | |{{#if:{{{population_total|}}}{{{population_urban|}}}{{{population_rural|}}}{{{population_metro|}}}{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{population_est|}}} |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{#if:{{{population_as_of|}}}|{{nbsp}}({{{population_as_of}}})}}{{{population_footnotes|}}}</div> }} }} | rowclass89 = mergedrow | label89 = <div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{total_type|}}}|{{{total_type}}}|{{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}{{{population_urban|}}}{{{population_rural|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_rural_km2|}}}{{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}}|{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|City}}|Total}}}}</div> | data89 = {{#ifeq:{{{total_type}}}|&nbsp; | |{{#if:{{{population_total|}}} | {{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_total}}}|,|}}}}}} }} }} | rowclass90 = mergedrow | label90 = <div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Estimate&nbsp;{{#if:{{{pop_est_as_of|}}}|<div class="ib-settlement-fn">({{{pop_est_as_of}}}){{{pop_est_footnotes|}}}</div>}}</div> | data90 = {{#if:{{{population_est|}}}|{{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_est}}}|,|}}}}}} }} <!-- ***Population rank*** --> | rowclass91 = mergedrow | label91 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | data91 = {{{population_rank|}}} | rowclass92 = mergedrow | label92 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | data92 = {{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_total|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/densdisp |/km2 ={{{population_density_km2|}}} |/sqmi={{{population_density_sq_mi|}}} |pop ={{{population_total|}}} |dunam={{if empty|{{{area_land_dunam|}}}|{{{area_total_dunam|}}}}} |ha ={{if empty|{{{area_land_ha|}}}|{{{area_total_ha|}}}}} |km2 ={{if empty|{{{area_land_km2|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|}}}}} |acre ={{if empty|{{{area_land_acre|}}}|{{{area_total_acre|}}}}} |sqmi ={{if empty|{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}|{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} <!-- ***Population density rank*** --> | rowclass93 = mergedrow | label93 = &nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | data93 = {{{population_density_rank|}}} | rowclass94 = mergedrow | label94 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Urban area|Urban]]<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{population_urban_footnotes|}}}</div> | data94 = {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}| {{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_urban}}}|,|}}}}}} }} | rowclass95 = mergedrow | label95 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Urban&nbsp;density | data95 = {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_urban|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/densdisp |/km2 ={{{population_density_urban_km2|}}} |/sqmi={{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |pop ={{{population_urban|}}} |ha ={{{area_urban_ha|}}} |km2 ={{{area_urban_km2|}}} |acre ={{{area_urban_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_urban_dunam|}}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass96 = mergedrow | label96 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Rural area|Rural]]<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{population_rural_footnotes|}}}</div> | data96 = {{#if:{{{population_rural|}}}|{{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_rural}}}|,|}}}}}}}} | rowclass97 = mergedrow | label97 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Rural&nbsp;density | data97 = {{#if:{{{population_density_rural_km2|}}}{{{population_density_rural_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_rural|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/densdisp |/km2 ={{{population_density_rural_km2|}}} |/sqmi={{{population_density_rural_sq_mi|}}} |pop ={{{population_rural|}}} |ha ={{{area_rural_ha|}}} |km2 ={{{area_rural_km2|}}} |acre ={{{area_rural_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_rural_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_rural_dunam|}}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass98 = mergedrow | label98 =&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Metropolitan area|Metro]]<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{population_metro_footnotes|}}}</div> | data98 = {{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}| {{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_metro}}}|,|}}}}}} }} | rowclass99 = mergedrow | label99 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;Metro&nbsp;density | data99 = {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_metro|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/densdisp |/km2 ={{{population_density_metro_km2|}}} |/sqmi={{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}} |pop ={{{population_metro|}}} |ha ={{{area_metro_ha|}}} |km2 ={{{area_metro_km2|}}} |acre ={{{area_metro_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_metro_dunam|}}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass100 = mergedrow | label100 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{population_blank1_title|}}}<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{population_blank1_footnotes|}}}</div> | data100 = {{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}|{{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_blank1}}}|,|}}}}}}}} | rowclass101 = mergedrow | label101 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_blank1_title|}}}|{{{population_blank1_title}}} density|Density}} | data101 = {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_blank1|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/densdisp |/km2 ={{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}} |/sqmi={{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |pop ={{{population_blank1|}}} |ha ={{{area_blank1_ha|}}} |km2 ={{{area_blank1_km2|}}} |acre ={{{area_blank1_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_blank1_dunam|}}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass102 = mergedrow | label102 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{population_blank2_title|}}}<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{population_blank2_footnotes|}}}</div> | data102 = {{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}|{{fix comma category|{{formatnum:{{replace|{{{population_blank2}}}|,|}}}}}}}} | rowclass103 = mergedrow | label103 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_blank2_title|}}}|{{{population_blank2_title}}} density|Density}} | data103 = {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_blank2|}}} |{{infobox_settlement/densdisp |/km2 ={{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}} |/sqmi={{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |pop ={{{population_blank2|}}} |ha ={{{area_blank2_ha|}}} |km2 ={{{area_blank2_km2|}}} |acre ={{{area_blank2_acre|}}} |sqmi ={{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |dunam={{{area_blank2_dunam|}}} |pref ={{{unit_pref|}}} |name ={{{subdivision_name}}} }}}} | rowclass104 = mergedrow | label104 = &nbsp; | data104 = {{{population_note|}}} | rowclass105 = mergedtoprow | label105 = {{Pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{population_demonym|}}}|{{{population_demonyms|}}}{{force plural}}}}|<!-- -->link=Demonym|singular=Demonym|likely=Demonym(s)|plural=Demonyms}} | data105 = {{if empty|{{{population_demonym|}}}|{{{population_demonyms|}}}}}{{Main other|{{Pluralize from text|{{{population_demonym|}}}|likely=[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list]]}}}} <!-- ***Demographics 1*** --> | rowclass106 = mergedtoprow | header106 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{{demographics_type1}}}<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{demographics1_footnotes|}}}</div>}} | rowclass107 = mergedrow | label107 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title1}}} | data107 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title1|}}}|{{{demographics1_info1|}}}}}}} | rowclass108 = mergedrow | label108 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title2}}} | data108 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title2|}}}|{{{demographics1_info2|}}}}}}} | rowclass109 = mergedrow | label109 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title3}}} | data109 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title3|}}}|{{{demographics1_info3|}}}}}}} | rowclass110 = mergedrow | label110 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title4}}} | data110 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title4|}}}|{{{demographics1_info4|}}}}}}} | rowclass111 = mergedrow | label111 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title5}}} | data111 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title5|}}}|{{{demographics1_info5|}}}}}}} | rowclass112 = mergedrow | label112 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title6}}} | data112 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title6|}}}|{{{demographics1_info6|}}}}}}} | rowclass113 = mergedrow | label113 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title7}}} | data113 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title7|}}}|{{{demographics1_info7|}}}}}}} | rowclass114 = mergedrow | label114 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title8}}} | data114 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title8|}}}|{{{demographics1_info8|}}}}}}} | rowclass115 = mergedrow | label115 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title9}}} | data115 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title9|}}}|{{{demographics1_info9|}}}}}}} | rowclass116 = mergedrow | label116 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics1_title10}}} | data116 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type1|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics1_title10|}}}|{{{demographics1_info10|}}}}}}} <!-- ***Demographics 2*** --> | rowclass117 = mergedtoprow | header117 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{{demographics_type2}}}<div class="ib-settlement-fn">{{{demographics2_footnotes|}}}</div>}} | rowclass118 = mergedrow | label118 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title1}}} | data118 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title1|}}}|{{{demographics2_info1|}}}}}}} | rowclass119 = mergedrow | label119 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title2}}} | data119 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title2|}}}|{{{demographics2_info2|}}}}}}} | rowclass120 = mergedrow | label120 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title3}}} | data120 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title3|}}}|{{{demographics2_info3|}}}}}}} | rowclass121 = mergedrow | label121 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title4}}} | data121 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title4|}}}|{{{demographics2_info4|}}}}}}} | rowclass122 = mergedrow | label122 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title5}}} | data122 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title5|}}}|{{{demographics2_info5|}}}}}}} | rowclass123 = mergedrow | label123 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title6}}} | data123 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title6|}}}|{{{demographics2_info6|}}}}}}} | rowclass124 = mergedrow | label124 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title7}}} | data124 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title7|}}}|{{{demographics2_info7|}}}}}}} | rowclass125 = mergedrow | label125 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title8}}} | data125 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title8|}}}|{{{demographics2_info8|}}}}}}} | rowclass126 = mergedrow | label126 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title9}}} | data126 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title9|}}}|{{{demographics2_info9|}}}}}}} | rowclass127 = mergedrow | label127 = &nbsp;•&nbsp;{{{demographics2_title10}}} | data127 = {{#if:{{{demographics_type2|}}} |{{#if:{{{demographics2_title10|}}}|{{{demographics2_info10|}}}}}}} <!-- ***Time Zones*** --> | rowclass128 = mergedtoprow | header128 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1_location|}}}|{{#if:{{{time_zone2|}}}|[[{{if empty|{{{time_zone_link|}}}|Time zone}}|Time&nbsp;zone]]s|[[{{if empty|{{{time_zone_link|}}}|Time zone}}|Time&nbsp;zone]]}}|}} | rowclass129 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1_location|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label129 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1_location|}}}|{{{time_zone1_location|}}}|{{#if:{{{time_zone2_location|}}}|{{{time_zone2_location|}}}|{{#if:{{{time_zone2|}}}|[[{{if empty|{{{time_zone_link|}}}|Time zone}}|Time&nbsp;zone]]s|[[{{if empty|{{{time_zone_link|}}}|Time zone}}|Time&nbsp;zone]]}}}}}} | data129 = {{#if:{{{utc_offset1|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}} |[[UTC{{if empty|{{{utc_offset1|}}}|{{{utc_offset}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone1|}}}{{{time_zone|}}}|({{if empty|{{{time_zone1|}}}|{{{time_zone|}}}}})}} |{{if empty|{{{time_zone1|}}}|{{{time_zone|}}}}} }} | rowclass130 = mergedrow | label130 = <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | data130 = {{#if:{{{utc_offset1_DST|}}}{{{utc_offset_DST|}}} |[[UTC{{if empty|{{{utc_offset1_DST|}}}|{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone1_DST|}}}{{{time_zone_DST|}}}|({{if empty|{{{time_zone1_DST|}}}|{{{time_zone_DST|}}}}})}} |{{if empty|{{{time_zone1_DST|}}}|{{{time_zone_DST|}}}}} }} | rowclass131 = mergedrow | label131 = {{if empty|{{{time_zone2_location|}}}|<nowiki />}} | data131 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1|}}}{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset1|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}} |{{#if:{{{utc_offset2|}}} |[[UTC{{{utc_offset2|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone2|}}}|({{{time_zone2|}}})}} |{{{time_zone2|}}} }} }} | rowclass132 = mergedrow | label132 = <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | data132 = {{#if:{{{utc_offset2_DST|}}}|[[UTC{{{utc_offset2_DST|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone2_DST|}}}|({{{time_zone2_DST|}}})}} |{{{time_zone2_DST|}}} }} | rowclass133 = mergedrow | label133 = {{if empty|{{{time_zone3_location|}}}|<nowiki />}} | data133 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1|}}}{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset1|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}} |{{#if:{{{utc_offset3|}}} |[[UTC{{{utc_offset3|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone3|}}}|({{{time_zone3|}}})}} |{{{time_zone3|}}} }} }} | rowclass134 = mergedrow | label134 = <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | data134 = {{#if:{{{utc_offset3_DST|}}}|[[UTC{{{utc_offset3_DST|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone3_DST|}}}|({{{time_zone3_DST|}}})}} |{{{time_zone3_DST|}}} }} | rowclass135 = mergedrow | label135 = {{if empty|{{{time_zone4_location|}}}|<nowiki />}} | data135 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1|}}}{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset1|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}} |{{#if:{{{utc_offset4|}}} |[[UTC{{{utc_offset4|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone4|}}}|({{{time_zone4|}}})}} |{{{time_zone4|}}} }} }} | rowclass136 = mergedrow | label136 = <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | data136 = {{#if:{{{utc_offset4_DST|}}}|[[UTC{{{utc_offset4_DST|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone4_DST|}}}|({{{time_zone4_DST|}}})}} |{{{time_zone4_DST|}}} }} | rowclass137 = mergedrow | label137 = {{if empty|{{{time_zone5_location|}}}|<nowiki />}} | data137 = {{#if:{{{time_zone1|}}}{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset1|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}} |{{#if:{{{utc_offset5|}}} |[[UTC{{{utc_offset5|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone5|}}}|({{{time_zone5|}}})}} |{{{time_zone5|}}} }} }} | rowclass138 = mergedrow | label138 = <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | data138 = {{#if:{{{utc_offset5_DST|}}}|[[UTC{{{utc_offset5_DST|}}}]] {{#if:{{{time_zone5_DST|}}}|({{{time_zone5_DST|}}})}} |{{{time_zone5_DST|}}} }} <!-- ***Postal Code(s)*** --> | rowclass139 = mergedtoprow | label139 = {{if empty|{{{postal_code_type|}}}|{{Pluralize from text|any_comma=1|parse_links=1|{{{postal_code|}}}|link=Postal code|singular=Postal&nbsp;code|plural=Postal&nbsp;codes}}}} | class139 = adr | data139 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}|<div class="postal-code">{{{postal_code}}}</div>}} | rowclass140 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedtoprow}} | label140 = {{if empty|{{{postal2_code_type|}}}|{{Pluralize from text|any_comma=1|parse_links=1|{{{postal2_code|}}}|link=Postal code|singular=Postal&nbsp;code|plural=Postal&nbsp;codes}}}} | class140 = adr | data140 = {{#if:{{{postal2_code|}}}|<div class="postal-code">{{{postal2_code}}}</div>}} <!-- ***Area Code(s)*** --> | rowclass141 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{postal2_code|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label141 = {{if empty|{{{area_code_type|}}}|{{Pluralize from text|any_comma=1|parse_links=1|{{if empty|{{{area_code|}}}|{{{area_codes|}}}{{force plural}}}}|<!-- -->link=Telephone numbering plan|singular=Area&nbsp;code|likely=Area&nbsp;code(s)|plural=Area&nbsp;codes}}}} | data141 = {{if empty|{{{area_code|}}}|{{{area_codes|}}}}}{{#if:{{{area_code_type|}}}||{{Main other|{{Pluralize from text|any_comma=1|parse_links=1|{{{area_code|}}}|||[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list]]}}}}}} <!-- Geocode--> | rowclass142 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{postal2_code|}}}{{{area_code|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label142 = [[Geocode]] | class142 = nickname | data142 = {{{geocode|}}} <!-- ISO Code--> | rowclass143 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{postal2_code|}}}{{{area_code|}}}{{{geocode|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label143 = [[ISO 3166|ISO 3166 code]] | class143 = nickname | data143 = {{{iso_code|}}} <!-- Vehicle registration plate--> | rowclass144 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{postal2_code|}}}{{{area_code|}}}{{{geocode|}}}{{{iso_code|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label144 = {{if empty|{{{registration_plate_type|}}}|[[Vehicle registration plate|Vehicle registration]]}} | data144 = {{{registration_plate|}}} <!-- Other codes --> | rowclass145 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{postal2_code|}}}{{{area_code|}}}{{{geocode|}}}{{{iso_code|}}}{{{registration_plate|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label145 = {{{code1_name|}}} | class145 = nickname | data145 = {{#if:{{{code1_name|}}}|{{{code1_info|}}}}} | rowclass146 = {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{postal2_code|}}}{{{area_code|}}}{{{geocode|}}}{{{iso_code|}}}{{{registration_plate|}}}{{{code1_name|}}}|mergedrow|mergedtoprow}} | label146 = {{{code2_name|}}} | class146 = nickname | data146 = {{#if:{{{code2_name|}}}|{{{code2_info|}}}}} <!-- ***Blank Fields (two sections)*** --> | rowclass147 = mergedtoprow | label147 = {{if empty|{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}|{{{blank_name|}}}|{{{custom_label_sec1|}}}}} | data147 = {{#if:{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}{{{blank_name|}}}{{{custom_label_sec1|}}}|{{if empty|{{{blank_info_sec1|}}}|{{{blank_info|}}}|{{{custom_data_sec1|}}}}}}} | rowclass148 = mergedrow | label148 = {{{custom_label1_sec1|}}} | data148 = {{#if:{{{custom_label1_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data1_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass149 = mergedrow | label149 = {{{custom_label2_sec1|}}} | data149 = {{#if:{{{custom_label2_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data2_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass150 = mergedrow | label150 = {{{custom_label3_sec1|}}} | data150 = {{#if:{{{custom_label3_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data3_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass151 = mergedrow | label151 = {{{custom_label4_sec1|}}} | data151 = {{#if:{{{custom_label4_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data4_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass152 = mergedrow | label152 = {{{custom_label5_sec1|}}} | data152 = {{#if:{{{custom_label5_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data5_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass153 = mergedrow | label153 = {{{custom_label6_sec1|}}} | data153 = {{#if:{{{custom_label6_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data6_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass154 = mergedrow | label154 = {{{custom_label7_sec1|}}} | data154 = {{#if:{{{custom_label7_sec1|}}}|{{{custom_data7_sec1|}}}}} | rowclass155 = mergedtoprow | label155 = {{{custom_label_sec2|}}} | data155 = {{#if:{{{custom_label_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass156 = mergedrow | label156 = {{{custom_label1_sec2|}}} | data156 = {{#if:{{{custom_label1_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data1_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass157 = mergedrow | label157 = {{{custom_label2_sec2|}}} | data157 = {{#if:{{{custom_label2_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data2_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass158 = mergedrow | label158 = {{{custom_label3_sec2|}}} | data158 = {{#if:{{{custom_label3_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data3_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass159 = mergedrow | label159 = {{{custom_label4_sec2|}}} | data159 = {{#if:{{{custom_label4_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data4_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass160 = mergedrow | label160 = {{{custom_label5_sec2|}}} | data160 = {{#if:{{{custom_label5_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data5_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass161 = mergedrow | label161 = {{{custom_label6_sec2|}}} | data161 = {{#if:{{{custom_label6_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data6_sec2|}}}}} | rowclass162 = mergedrow | label162 = {{{custom_label7_sec2|}}} | data162 = {{#if:{{{custom_label7_sec2|}}}|{{{custom_data7_sec2|}}}}} <!-- ***Website*** --> | rowclass163 = mergedtoprow | label163 = Website | data163 = {{{website|}}} | class164 = maptable | data164 = {{{module|}}} <!-- ***Footnotes*** --> | belowrowclass = mergedtoprow | below = {{{footnotes|}}} }}<!-- Check for unknowns -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using {{if empty|{{lcfirst:{{{template_name|}}}}}|infobox settlement}} with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:{{if empty|{{ucfirst:{{{template_name|}}}}}|Infobox settlement}}]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"| ignoreblank=y | mapframe_args=y | pushpin_map_args=y | alt | anthem | anthem_link | area_blank1_acre | area_blank1_dunam | area_blank1_ha | area_blank1_km2 | area_blank1_sq_mi | area_blank1_title | area_blank2_acre | area_blank2_dunam | area_blank2_ha | area_blank2_km2 | area_blank2_sq_mi | area_blank2_title | area_code | area_code_type | area_codes | area_footnotes | area_land_acre | area_land_dunam | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_metro_acre | area_metro_dunam | area_metro_footnotes | area_metro_ha | area_metro_km2 | area_metro_sq_mi | area_note | area_rank | area_rural_acre | area_rural_dunam | area_rural_footnotes | area_rural_ha | area_rural_km2 | area_rural_sq_mi | area_total_acre | area_total_dunam | area_total_ha | area_total_km2 | area_total_sq_mi | area_urban_acre | area_urban_dunam | area_urban_footnotes | area_urban_ha | area_urban_km2 | area_urban_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_dunam | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_percent | area_water_sq_mi | blank_emblem_alt | blank_emblem_link | blank_emblem_size | blank_emblem_type | blank_emblem_upright | caption | code1_info | code1_name | code2_info | code2_name | coor_pinpoint | coor_type | coordinates | coordinates_footnotes | custom_data1_sec1 | custom_data1_sec2 | custom_data2_sec1 | custom_data2_sec2 | custom_data3_sec1 | custom_data3_sec2 | custom_data4_sec1 | custom_data4_sec2 | custom_data5_sec1 | custom_data5_sec2 | custom_data6_sec1 | custom_data6_sec2 | custom_data7_sec1 | custom_data7_sec2 | custom_data_sec1 | custom_data_sec2 | custom_label1_sec1 | custom_label1_sec2 | custom_label2_sec1 | custom_label2_sec2 | custom_label3_sec1 | custom_label3_sec2 | custom_label4_sec1 | custom_label4_sec2 | custom_label5_sec1 | custom_label5_sec2 | custom_label6_sec1 | custom_label6_sec2 | custom_label7_sec1 | custom_label7_sec2 | custom_label_sec1 | custom_label_sec2 | demographics1_footnotes | demographics1_info1 | demographics1_info10 | demographics1_info2 | demographics1_info3 | demographics1_info4 | demographics1_info5 | demographics1_info6 | demographics1_info7 | demographics1_info8 | demographics1_info9 | demographics1_title1 | demographics1_title10 | demographics1_title2 | demographics1_title3 | demographics1_title4 | demographics1_title5 | demographics1_title6 | demographics1_title7 | demographics1_title8 | demographics1_title9 | demographics2_footnotes | demographics2_info1 | demographics2_info10 | demographics2_info2 | demographics2_info3 | demographics2_info4 | demographics2_info5 | demographics2_info6 | demographics2_info7 | demographics2_info8 | demographics2_info9 | demographics2_title1 | demographics2_title10 | demographics2_title2 | demographics2_title3 | demographics2_title4 | demographics2_title5 | demographics2_title6 | demographics2_title7 | demographics2_title8 | demographics2_title9 | demographics_type1 | demographics_type2 | dimensions_footnotes | dunam_link | elevation_footnotes | elevation_ft | elevation_link | elevation_m | elevation_max_footnotes | elevation_max_ft | elevation_max_m | elevation_max_point | elevation_max_rank | elevation_min_footnotes | elevation_min_ft | elevation_min_m | elevation_min_point | elevation_min_rank | elevation_point | embed | established_date | established_date1 | established_date2 | established_date3 | established_date4 | established_date5 | established_date6 | established_date7 | established_title | established_title1 | established_title2 | established_title3 | established_title4 | established_title5 | established_title6 | established_title7 | etymology | extinct_date | extinct_title | flag_alt | flag_border | flag_link | flag_size | footnotes | founder | geocode | governing_body | government_blank1 | government_blank1_title | government_blank2 | government_blank2_title | government_blank3 | government_blank3_title | government_blank4 | government_blank4_title | government_blank5 | government_blank5_title | government_blank6 | government_blank6_title | government_footnotes | government_type | grid_name | grid_position | image | image_blank_emblem | image_flag | image_map | image_map1 | image_seal | image_shield | image_size | image_upright | iso_code | leader_name | leader_name1 | leader_name2 | leader_name3 | leader_name4 | leader_name5 | leader_party | leader_title | leader_title1 | leader_title2 | leader_title3 | leader_title4 | leader_title5 | length_km | length_mi | map_alt | map_alt1 | map_caption | map_caption1 | map_size | map_size1 | module | motto | motto_link | mottoes | name | named_for | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nickname_link | nicknames | official_name | other_name | p1 | p10 | p11 | p12 | p13 | p14 | p15 | p16 | p17 | p18 | p19 | p2 | p20 | p21 | p22 | p23 | p24 | p25 | p26 | p27 | p28 | p29 | p3 | p30 | p31 | p32 | p33 | p34 | p35 | p36 | p37 | p38 | p39 | p4 | p40 | p41 | p42 | p43 | p44 | p45 | p46 | p47 | p48 | p49 | p5 | p50 | p6 | p7 | p8 | p9 | parts | parts_style | parts_type | pop_est_as_of | pop_est_footnotes | population_as_of | population_blank1 | population_blank1_footnotes | population_blank1_title | population_blank2 | population_blank2_footnotes | population_blank2_title | population_demonym | population_demonyms | population_density_blank1_km2 | population_density_blank1_sq_mi | population_density_blank2_km2 | population_density_blank2_sq_mi | population_density_km2 | population_density_metro_km2 | population_density_metro_sq_mi | population_density_rank | population_density_rural_km2 | population_density_rural_sq_mi | population_density_sq_mi | population_density_urban_km2 | population_density_urban_sq_mi | population_est | population_footnotes | population_metro | population_metro_footnotes | population_note | population_rank | population_rural | population_rural_footnotes | population_total | population_urban | population_urban_footnotes | postal2_code | postal2_code_type | postal_code | postal_code_type | pushpin_map_narrow | registration_plate | registration_plate_type | seal_alt | seal_class | seal_link | seal_size | seal_type | seat | seat1 | seat1_type | seat2 | seat2_type | seat_type | shield_alt | shield_link | shield_size | short_description | subdivision_name | subdivision_name1 | subdivision_name2 | subdivision_name3 | subdivision_name4 | subdivision_name5 | subdivision_name6 | subdivision_type | subdivision_type1 | subdivision_type2 | subdivision_type3 | subdivision_type4 | subdivision_type5 | subdivision_type6 | template_name | time_zone | time_zone1 | time_zone1_DST | time_zone1_location | time_zone2 | time_zone2_DST | time_zone2_location | time_zone3 | time_zone3_DST | time_zone3_location | time_zone4 | time_zone4_DST | time_zone4_location | time_zone5 | time_zone5_DST | time_zone5_location | time_zone_DST | time_zone_link | total_type | translit_lang1 | translit_lang1_info | translit_lang1_info1 | translit_lang1_info2 | translit_lang1_info3 | translit_lang1_info4 | translit_lang1_info5 | translit_lang1_info6 | translit_lang1_type | translit_lang1_type1 | translit_lang1_type2 | translit_lang1_type3 | translit_lang1_type4 | translit_lang1_type5 | translit_lang1_type6 | translit_lang2 | translit_lang2_info | translit_lang2_info1 | translit_lang2_info2 | translit_lang2_info3 | translit_lang2_info4 | translit_lang2_info5 | translit_lang2_info6 | translit_lang2_type | translit_lang2_type1 | translit_lang2_type2 | translit_lang2_type3 | translit_lang2_type4 | translit_lang2_type5 | translit_lang2_type6 | type | unit_pref | utc_offset | utc_offset1 | utc_offset1_DST | utc_offset2 | utc_offset2_DST | utc_offset3 | utc_offset3_DST | utc_offset4 | utc_offset4_DST | utc_offset5 | utc_offset5_DST | utc_offset_DST | website | width_km | width_mi }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:{{if empty|{{ucfirst:{{{template_name|}}}}}|Infobox settlement}}]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using {{if empty|{{lcfirst:{{{template_name|}}}}}|infobox settlement}} with conflicting parameters}} | nickname; nicknames | motto; mottoes | coor_pinpoint; coor_type | population_demonym; population_demonyms | utc_offset1; utc_offset | time_zone1; time_zone | utc_offset1_DST; utc_offset_DST | time_zone1_DST; time_zone_DST | area_code; area_codes }}{{main other|<!-- Missing country -->{{#if:{{{subdivision_name|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with missing country]]}}<!-- No map -->{{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{image_map|}}}{{{image_map1|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with no map]]}}<!-- Image_map1 without image_map -->{{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}|{{#if:{{{image_map|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image_map1 but not image_map]]}}}}<!-- No coordinates -->{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{embed|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with embed]]}} }}<!-- Gathering information on over-use of maps -->{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:ParameterCount|main|mapframe|image_map|image_map1|pushpin_map}} >2 |{{main other| [[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with potentially too many maps]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> g5sr67y7bk57i3dua89uurg4kkwob5c 0 48693 970393 964819 2026-10-22T15:28:42Z Salma Raddah 45959 970393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<nowiki/>'Yancin jama'a a Ƙasar Ingila''' wani bangare ne na dokar tsarin mulki ta Burtaniya kuma suna da dogon tarihi. Wannan yawanci ana ɗaukarsa ya fara ne da Magna Carta na 1215, takarda mai mahimmanci a tarihin tsarin mulki na Burtaniya. Ci gaban 'yanci na jama'a ya ci gaba a cikin doka ta al'ada da [[Dokar|dokar doka]] a cikin ƙarni na 17 da 18, musamman tare da Bill of Rights 1689.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Britain's unwritten constitution |url=http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/britains-unwritten-constitution |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208232341/http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/britains-unwritten-constitution |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |publisher=British Library |quote=The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or unusual punishment'.}}</ref> A cikin karni na 19, ma'aikata sun yi gwagwarmaya don samun damar jefa kuri'a da shiga kungiyoyin kwadago. Majalisar ta amsa da sabon doka wanda ya fara da Dokar Gyara ta 1832. Halin da ake da shi game da zaɓen da 'yanci ya ci gaba bayan yaƙin duniya na farko da na biyu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dangantakar Burtaniya da 'yancin farar hula ta kasance ta hanyar kasancewa memba na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan' Yancin Dan Adam. Ƙasar Ingila, ta hanyar Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, ta jagoranci rubuce-rubucen Yarjejeniyar, wanda ke bayyana ka'idar 'yanci ta gargajiya. Ya zama mai amfani kai tsaye a cikin dokar Burtaniya tare da aiwatar da [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1998]]. An yi muhawara da sauye-sauyen majalisa da yawa da suka shafi 'yancin farar hula kuma an kafa su tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20. An soke Dokar Katunan Gaskiya ta 2006, galibi a kan dalilan 'yanci na farar hula, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-07 |title=Labour rejects Tony Blair's call for ID cards |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c87rgj4e0rzo |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma Burtaniya ba ta da rajistar farar hula ta tsakiya kuma babu buƙatun tantancewa a cikin jama'a. Canje-canje na doka da ke shafar 'yancin farar hula an tabbatar da su ta hanyar roko ga tsaron jama'a da tsaron kasa, wanda rikice-rikice kamar [[September 11 attacks|Hare-haren Satumba 11]], bama-bamai na 7/7 da annobar COVID-19 ta 2020 suka hanzarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrorism Act 2006 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/11/contents |access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil Contingencies Act 2004 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/36/contents |access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> Cutar COVID-19 a Burtaniya ta haifar da gabatar da Dokar Coronavirus ta 2020, wanda tsohon Alkalin Kotun Koli Lord Sumption ya bayyana a matsayin "mafi girman mamayewar 'yancin mutum a tarihin Burtaniya".Duk da haka, allurar rigakafin da aka bayar ta hanyar shirin rigakafin kasa a Burtaniya ba tilas ba ne; kuma allurar rigakawa ba tilas a halin yanzu a Burtaniya a lokacin annobar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UCL |date=2022-01-10 |title=What vaccines are mandatory in the UK? |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/headlines/2022/jan/what-vaccines-are-mandatory-uk |access-date=2025-09-03 |website=UCL News |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804234537/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/headlines/2022/jan/what-vaccines-are-mandatory-uk |archive-date=2025-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vagnoni |first=Cristiana |last2=Rough |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Bunn |first3=Sarah |date=8 March 2022 |title=UK Vaccination Policy |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9076/ |journal=House of Commons Library |language=en-GB}}</ref> 'Yan ƙasa na Burtaniya suna da mummunan' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a ƙarƙashin doka ta kowa.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Stuart}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, tabbacin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana ƙunshe a cikin [[Dokar|doka]] a cikin Mataki na 10 na Dokar' Yancin Dan Adam. Koyaya, akwai banbanci ciki har da barazana, zagi ko zagi kalmomi ko halayyar da ke da niyyar ko mai yiwuwa ya haifar da tsangwama, ƙararrawa ko damuwa ko haifar da keta zaman lafiya (wanda aka yi amfani da shi don hana maganganun [[wariyar launin fata]] da aka yi niyya ga mutane). <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Klug|1996}}</ref> Ana ɗaukar mallakar bindiga a matsayin gata, ba haƙƙi ba, kuma ƙa'idodin bindigogi a Ƙasar Ingila suna da tsauri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK’s strict gun laws strengthened with new medical arrangements |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uks-strict-gun-laws-strengthened-with-new-medical-arrangements |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2013 |title=Guide on Firearms Licensing Law |url=https://www.sceguk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/07/Home-Office-Guide-on-Firearms-Licensing-Law.pdf |website=Home Office}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Seren |date=2023-03-29 |title=When did the UK ban guns and what is the law? |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/uk-ban-hand-guns-laws-rules-ownership-b1070718.html |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Membobin jama'a na iya mallakar wasu bindigogi don dalilan harbi na wasanni, nishaɗi, farauta ko dalilai na sana'a, dangane da lasisi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oxley |first=Greg |last2=Downs |first2=William |date=2025-09-20 |title=Short guide to firearms licensing |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10291/ |journal=House of Commons Library |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide on firearms licensing law |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/firearms-law-guidance-to-the-police-2012/guide-on-firearms-licensing-law-accessible-version |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> An ba da izinin Zubar da ciki a Ƙasar Ingila a wasu dalilai, waɗanda galibi ana fassara su da yardar rai, kodayake dokokin da ke tattare da su sun kasance masu kwanan wata kuma suna da iko.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lord |first=Jonathan |last2=Regan |first2=Lesley |date=2024 |title=Triumphs and trials with the UK abortion law: The power of collaboration in abortion reform |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ijgo.15331 |journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics |language=en |volume=164 |issue=S1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1002/ijgo.15331 |issn=1879-3479 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An soke hukuncin kisa a Burtaniya. Dangantaka tsakanin haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yancin jama'a galibi ana ganinta a matsayin bangarori biyu na tsabar kudi ɗaya. Hakki wani abu ne da za ku iya buƙata daga wani, yayin da 'yanci shine' yanci daga tsoma baki daga wani a cikin haƙƙoƙin da ku ɗauka. Koyaya, haƙƙin ɗan adam ya fi girma. A cikin takardu da yawa a duniya, sun haɗa da ƙarin maganganun ɗabi'a game da abin da ya zama dole, alal misali, don "rayuwa, 'yanci da neman farin ciki", "don haɓaka halayyar mutum zuwa cikakkiyar damar" ko "kare mutunci marar lalacewa". "Yanci na jama'a" tabbas hakan ne, amma suna da alaƙa da jama'a, kuma suna da alaƙar shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a. Kamar yadda Farfesa Conor Gearty ya rubuta,<blockquote>'Yancin jama'a wani suna ne ga' yancin siyasa wanda dole ne mu kasance a gare mu duka idan gaskiya ne mu ce game da mu cewa muna rayuwa a cikin al'umma da ke bin ka'idar wakilci, ko dimokuradiyya, gwamnati.</blockquote>A wasu kalmomi, 'yanci na jama'a shine "yanci" ko "yanci' wanda ke tallafawa dimokuradiyya. Wannan yawanci yana nufin haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin rayuwa, haramtacciyar [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], tsaron mutum, haƙƙin [['yanci]] na mutum da tsarin doka, [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] da' [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|'yancin tarayya]]. == Tushen == [[File:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|thumb|[[Dokar 'Yancin Ingilishi|Dokar 'Yancin 1689]] ta tabbatar da mafi girman majalisar a kan Sarki, ta kafa harsashin dimokuradiyya.]] * Magna Carta (1215), ya goyi bayan abin da ya zama rubuce-rubucen [[habeas corpus]], shari'ar da takwarorinsa suka yi, wakiltar masu daraja don haraji, da kuma haramtacciyar azabtarwa. * ''Shari'ar Sanarwa'' (1610) ta yanke shawarar cewa "Sarkin ta hanyar shelarsa ko wasu hanyoyi ba zai iya canza wani ɓangare na doka ta kowa ba, ko dokar doka, ko al'adun masarautar" kuma cewa "Sarki ba shi da iko, amma abin da dokar ƙasar ta ba shi izini". * Dokta Bonham's Case (1610), ya yanke shawarar cewa "a lokuta da yawa, doka ta kowa za ta sarrafa Ayyukan Majalisar". Wannan na iya rinjayar Marbury v. Madison (1803) wanda ya haifar da sake dubawa na shari'a a Amurka. * The Petition of Right (1628), ya kafa haramtacciyar haraji ba tare da yardar majalisa ba kuma ya haramta ɗaurin kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles I and the Petition of Right |url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/overview/petition-of-right/ |publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> * Dokar Habeas Corpus ta 1679, ta kare 'yancin mutum daga ɗaurin kurkuku ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da haƙƙin daukaka kara. * Bill of Rights 1689, Claim of Right Act 1689, ya tabbatar da wasu hakkoki na Majalisar da mutum, kuma ya iyakance ikon sarki - sakamakon juyin juya halin ɗaukaka. * ''Littafin Na Biyu kan Gwamnatin Wakilai'' (1689) ya tsara ra'ayoyin [[John Locke]] don ingantaccen al'umma wanda ya dogara da haƙƙin halitta da ka'idar kwangila. == Haskakawa == [[File:SirWilliamBlackstone.jpg|thumb|Sir William Blackstone shi ne babban mutum na wayewar Burtaniya, masanin shari'a wanda a cikin Commentaries ya yi ikirarin 'yancin' yan ƙasa da suka samo asali daga Magna Carta da doka ta kowa.]] == Dimokuradiyya == [[File:Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg|thumb|Bayan sayar da gidanta, mai fafutukar Ingila Emmeline Pankhurst ta yi tafiya akai-akai, tana ba da jawabai a duk faɗin Burtaniya da Amurka. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun jawabinsa, Freedom or death, an gabatar da shi a Connecticut a 1913.]] * [[Dokar Kasuwancin Bayi ta 1807|Dokar Cinikin Bauta ta 1807]], ta soke cinikin bayi a [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] biyo bayan yakin neman zabe na Majalisar da [[William Wilberforce]] ya jagoranta. * Dokar Taimako ta Roman Katolika ta 1829, ta dawo da haƙƙin farar hula na Katolika. * Babban Dokar Gyara ta 1832, ta ba da 'yanci ga masu mallakar dukiya, ta daidaita tsarin mazaunin gari da gundumar. * [[Dokar Haramta Bautar da Mutane ta 1833|Dokar Kawar da Bautar 1833]], ta soke bautar a duk faɗin Daular Burtaniya. * Bird v Jones (1845) 7 QB 742, haƙƙin 'yanci, 'yancin motsi (a kan gadoji). * Dokar Gyara ta Biyu ta 1867, ta sauƙaƙa cancantar dukiya, ta faɗaɗa ikon mallakar zuwa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na maza. * Maƙaryaci, da Dokar Kare Dukiya ta 1875, ta kawar da aikin ƙungiyar kwadago (yancin tarayya). * ''Beatty da Gillbanks'' (1882) 9 QBD 308, Sojojin Ceto sun so su yi kamfen akan barasa tare da taimakon ƙungiyar tagulla a Weston-super-Mare. Masu shayarwa na cikin gida sun kafa abin da ake kira "Sojojin kwarangwal", kuma sun yi barazanar rushe tafiyar da karfi. 'Yan sanda, suna tsoron zaman lafiya na jama'a sun gaya wa Sojojin Ceto su dakatar da shi, amma sun ci gaba. Sa'an nan 'yan sanda suka tilasta musu, ta hanyar rushe ƙungiyar tagulla. Filin J a Babban Kotun ya yanke hukuncin cewa babu 'yan sanda da za su yi hakan. Sojojin Ceto suna haɗuwa "don motsa jiki na addini tsakanin kansu, da kuma farfado da addini". Babu wanda zai iya "yi cewa irin wannan taron a cikin kansa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne".[is] Dakatar da tafiyar zai zama kamar cewa "za a iya yanke wa mutum hukunci saboda yin wani aiki na doka - babu wani iko ga irin wannan shawara". * Dokar Gyara ta Uku a cikin 1884 da Dokar Redistribution of Seats a shekara mai zuwa sun tsawaita ƙwarewar jefa kuri'a iri ɗaya a cikin garuruwa zuwa ƙauyuka kuma sun kafa mazabar memba ɗaya ta yanzu a matsayin tsari na al'ada don wakilcin majalisa. * Dokar Rashin Harkokin Kasuwanci ta 1906, ta cire alhakin da ya dace ga kungiyoyin kwadago da ke yajin aiki, bayan da House of Lords a cikin jerin shari'o'i suka kirkiro hanyoyin da za su rushe kungiyoyin kwadoro don kowane mataki. * ''Nairn v Kotun Jami'ar Jami'ar St Andrews'', (1907) 15 SLT 471, 473, bisa ga Ubangiji McLaren, "ka'idar dokar kundin tsarin mulki ce da ba a rubuta ba ta wannan ƙasar cewa maza ne kawai ke da damar shiga cikin zaben wakilai zuwa Majalisar". * Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants v Osborne [1910] AC 87, bisa ga Lord Shaw da Lord James, duk wani gudummawar da kungiyoyin kwadago suka bayar ga 'yan majalisa sun kasance "ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ba bisa ka'idar ba". Dokar Kwadago ta 1913 ce ta sauya shi. * Wakilin Dokar Jama'a ta 1918, ya ba da izinin maza na duniya ga masu sama da shekaru 21, da kuma jefa kuri'a ga mata sama da 30. * [[Dokar Wakilin Jama'a (Dokacin Gaskiya) 1928|Wakilin Dokar Jama'a ta 1928]], zaɓen duniya sama da 21. * ''Liversidge da Anderson'' [1942] AC 206. * ''Crofter Hand Woven Harris Tweed v Veitch'' [1942] AC 435, dama ga ciniki tare. == Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II == * Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe ne ya tsara [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]], a lokacin, Shugaban su na Majalisar Turai na shari'a da kuma gudanarwa. Clement Attlee ya shiga Yarjejeniyar a shekarar 1950. * Daular Burtaniya ta fara ba da 'yancin kai ga dukkan yankunanta daga Indiya, zuwa Afirka zuwa Pacific. * An yi shari'ar karshe ta hukuncin kisa a Burtaniya a shekarar 1964. An soke shi a hukumance a karkashin [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1998]]. * Harold Wilson ya ba da izinin buƙatun mutum zuwa Strasbourg a cikin 1968. * Golder v United Kingdom [1975] 1 EHRR 524, shari'ar farko da ta isa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai, wani fursuna wanda aka hana lauya yin (watakila karya) da'awar tsegumi a kan mai gadi, an gudanar da shi da haƙƙinsa ga shari'ar adalci a karkashin Art.6 ECHR. Samun damar lauya da kotu an dauke shi a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin haƙƙin shari'a, saboda in ba haka ba ƙasashe na iya soke kotuna kuma ba su da laifi. * ''Ahmad v Inner London Education Authority'' [1978] QB 38, shari'ar ta shafi haƙƙin 'yancin addini a ƙarƙashin Art.9 ECHR, da kuma ko Musulmi zai iya ɗaukar lokaci a ranar Jumma'a, tare da biyan kuɗi, don zuwa bauta a masallacinsa na gida. Kotun daukaka kara, da kuma Hukumar da ke Strasbourg sun ki amincewa da shari'arsa. Amma kafin ya tafi Turai, Lord Denning MR, ya ce game da Yarjejeniyar: * ''[[The Sunday Times v United Kingdom]]'' (1979-80) [https://web.archive.org/web/20190118211650/http://www.hrcr.org/safrica/limitations/sunday_times_uk.html 2 EHRR 245]. Babban Lauyan ya sami umarni wanda ya hana jaridar The Sunday Times buga wani labarin da ke kwatanta tarihin gwajin, ƙerawa da tallace-tallace na maganin thalidomide ta Kamfanin Distillers, a kan dalilin cewa zai nuna bambanci tsakanin Distillers da iyayen yara waɗanda suka sha wahala daga lahani na haihuwa wanda maganin ya haifar. Da kuri'u 11 zuwa 9, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta yanke hukuncin cewa umarnin ya keta haƙƙin takarda na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a karkashin Art.10 ECHR. A mayar da martani ga wannan hukunci majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Rashin Kotun 1981. == Shekaru na 1980 == [[File:Margaret_Thatcher_1984.tif|thumb|[[Margaret Thatcher]] ta lura da karfafa dokar tsaro a hankali don murkushe zanga-zangar masana'antu da IRA na wucin gadi.]] * Dokar 'yan sanda da Shaidar Laifuka ta 1984, ta ba da izinin tsare-tsare na kwanaki huɗu ba tare da shari'a ba (a baya awanni 24 ne). * ''CCSU v Ministan Ayyukan Jama'a'' [1985] AC 374, inda Margaret Thatcher (kuma Ministan Ayyuka na Jama'a) ta haramta membobin GCHQ daga kasancewa cikin kungiyoyin kwadago. Majalisar Lords ta yanke shawarar cewa ikon sarauta yana ƙarƙashin sake dubawa na shari'a. Rashin amincewa da kungiyoyin kwadago ya kasance a cikin ikon Ministan. * Malone v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1979] Ch 344, Megarry VC ya ce zartarwa na iya yin duk abin da doka ba ta hana shi ba (yana nufin juyawa ''Entick da Carrington''). Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za a iya gurfanar da dillalin tsohuwar tsohuwar doka ba saboda kula da kayan sata bisa ga shaidar daga maɓallin waya cewa 'yan sanda ba su da iko a ƙarƙashin kowane doka da za su yi. * Malone v United Kingdom (1984) 7 EHRR 14, ya ce Burtaniya ta ba da izinin yin amfani da wayar ta karya wajibai a ƙarƙashin ECHR, saboda babu wata doka da ta 'ya nuna da ma'ana da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da ikon da ya dace da aka ba wa hukumomin jama'a." * Dokar Lafiya ta Jama'a (Sarraba Cututtuka) ta 1984 ta ba da izini ga gwamnati ta sanya takunkumi ko buƙatu ga mutane a yayin gaggawa ta lafiyar jama'a. An yi amfani da wannan dokar don tabbatar da martani na gwamnati ga annobar COVID-19 ta 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/22/part/2A/crossheading/orders-that-may-be-made-by-justice-of-the-peace |access-date= |website=legislation.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=COVID-19 contain framework: a guide for local decision-makers |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/containing-and-managing-local-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreaks/covid-19-contain-framework-a-guide-for-local-decision-makers |access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> * Dokar Tsayar da Sadarwa ta 1985, martani na gwamnati ga hukuncin, yana ba da izinin duk wani wayar tarho. * Dokar Tsaro ta Jama'a ta 1986, ta wuce a cikin mahallin rikice-rikicen masana'antu, musamman yajin aikin ma'adinai, Sashe na II ya iyakance zanga-zangar jama'a da zanga-zambe ta hanyar buƙatar sanarwa ta kwanaki 6 da za a ba 'yan sanda. [[File:Grand-Hotel-Following-Bomb-Attack-1984-10-12.jpg|thumb|Bombing na Otal din Brighton da Sojojin Jamhuriyar Irish na wucin gadi suka yi don ya dace da taron Jam'iyyar Conservative ya riga ya wuce wani tsari mai tsauri ga dokokin tsaro.]] * Dokar Asirin hukuma ta 1989, cf ''[[R v Shayler|R da Shayler]]'' [2002] UKHL 11 (David Shayler) * Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci (Tsarin Lokaci) 1989 == Shekaru na 1990 == [[File:Blair_Bush_Whitehouse_(2004-04-16).jpg|right|thumb|[[Tony Blair]] da Shugaban Amurka na lokacin [[George W. Bush]] dukansu sun gabatar da sabbin dokokin tsaro a matsayin martani ga ta'addanci bayan [[September 11 attacks|Hare-haren Satumba 11, 2001]] da Yaƙin Iraki .]] * [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1998]], a karo na farko wannan ya ba da izinin yin kira kai tsaye a kotunan Burtaniya bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Mutum. Yana kiyaye ikon mallakar majalisa, saboda kotuna ba za su iya rushe dokokin da aka yanke shawarar ta hanyar dimokuradiyya ba, za su iya bayar da "bayyana rashin daidaituwa" (s.4). Alƙalai, yayin fassara doka, na iya ɗauka cewa Majalisar ta yi niyyar kada ta rage haƙƙin Yarjejeniya (s.3). Yana da mahimmanci na da'awar da aka yi wa kotun Strasbourg cewa mai da'awar ya gaji da hanyoyin tsarin shari'a na cikin gida don daukaka kara. Babban dalilin da ya sa aka kafa, da kuma tabbatarwa daga masu ba da shawara da Gwamnati shine don adana lokaci da tsada. Sauran ƙasashe, kamar Jamus da [[Bayanin haƙƙoƙin dan adam da na jama'a|Faransa]] suna da nasu ƙa'idodi, amma duk suna bin kuma suna ci gaba da bin ka'idar ECHR. Hakazalika, an samo ECHR daga al'adun kowace jiha memba, kuma tana aiki azaman hanyar kiyaye mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodi wanda akwai yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya. Duk da jayayya, ana iya kallon wannan a matsayin matakin Burtaniya na musamman, musamman idan aka ba da gaskiyar cewa an tsara Yarjejeniyar a karkashin jagorancin gwamnatin Burtaniya. == Karni na 21 == * Dokar Ta'addanci ta 2000, ta tsawaita iyaka zuwa tsare-tsare na kwanaki 7 ba tare da tuhuma ga masu zargin ta'addance ba. Har ila yau, yana ba da damar dakatar da kungiyoyin ta'addanci. Kungiyoyi sittin sun kasance an haramta su. Dokar ta kuma gabatar da ma'anar "ta'addanci" a karkashin s.1. An yi amfani da ikon tsayawa da bincike a cikin Dokar don bincika masu zanga-zangar a baje kolin sayar da makamai a Canary Wharf, gami da dalibi na Ph.D. da ɗan jarida wanda ya ɗauki matakin shari'a a sakamakon haka. An gudanar da aikin 'yan sanda ya zama doka a cikin R (Gillan) v Kwamishinan' yan sanda na Metropolitan [2006] [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldjudgmt/jd060308/gillan-1.htm UKHL 12]. * Dokar Gudanar da Ikon Bincike ta 2000, ta ba gwamnati damar cikakken ikon sa ido na kowane irin sadarwa. Kudin yanzu shine takardun shaida 30 da ake bayarwa a mako. A cikin watanni 15 daga Yuli 2005 zuwa Oktoba 2006, an bayar da warrants 2,407. * Dokar yaki da ta'addanci da tsaro ta 2001, don mayar da martani ga lalacewar Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta NYC a ranar 9/11, gwamnati ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da izinin tsare-tsare ba tare da shari'a ba ga 'yan kasa da ba na Burtaniya da ake zargi da aikata laifukan ta'addance ba, amma ba tare da isasshen shaida don ainihin shari'a (cf. Magna Carta, Habeas Corpus Act 1679). Lokacin da ya wuce Ayyukan Majalisar, a karkashin [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1998|HRA 1998]] Ministan dole ne ya yi "bayani na jituwa" tare da Yarjejeniyar. Abin da suka yi shi ne aika da sanarwa na raguwa daga haƙƙin shari'a mai adalci, Art.6 ECHR. Art.15 ECHR shine tanadin raguwa, wanda ya ce "A lokacin yaƙi ko wani gaggawa na jama'a da ke barazana ga rayuwar al'umma" memba na iya ragewa "har zuwa yadda ake buƙata ta hanyar halin da ake ciki". Ministan ya bayyana a lokacin da ya zartar da Dokar 2001 cewa ya kasance (tare da raguwar da aka aika) ya dace da [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1998|HRA 1998]]. * Dokar Shari'a ta Laifi ta 2003, ta soke Haɗari sau biyu a cikin shari'o'i tare da "sabon shaidar tilasta". * A and Others v Sakataren Gwamnati na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida [2004] UKHL 17, yawancin House of Lords sun yanke shawarar cewa tsare ba tare da shari'a ba a karkashin ATCSA 2001 ya nuna bambanci ga wadanda ba 'yan Burtaniya ba, sabili da haka bai dace ba a karkashin Art.14 ECHR. An bayar da sanarwar rashin daidaituwa a karkashin s.4 [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1998|HRA 1998]]. Lord Hoffmann shi ne kawai alƙali mai adawa da cewa duk tsare-tsaren ba tare da ra'ayin shari'a ba ya dace da haƙƙin shari'a a ƙarƙashin Art.6, kuma cewa ba a yarda da raguwar ba, saboda babu " barazana ga rayuwar al'umma". Ya yi jayayya da karfi cewa ba daidai ba ne a ba da shawara, tare da ra'ayin mafi rinjaye cewa nuna bambanci shine matsalar, cewa ya kamata a ba gwamnati damar kulle dukkan 'yan Burtaniya daidai. * Dokar Tsakanin Jama'a ta 2004, ta ba da damar gwamnati, don "na gaggawa", don tura sojoji a ko'ina cikin ƙasar a lokacin zaman lafiya (cf. Bill of Rights 1689). Har ila yau, yana ba da damar kwace dukiya, don "matsakaici" tare da ko ba tare da diyya ba a ko'ina (cf. Prot. 1, Art.1 ECHR). * Rashin haƙƙin mallaka a Ƙasar Ingila shine batun shari'o'in ECHR da muhawara ta siyasa tsakanin 2005 da 2012. * Dokar Laifuka da 'yan sanda mai tsanani ta 2005, ta haifar da laifi na tayar da ƙiyayya ta addini kuma tana buƙatar sanarwa mai zurfi don zanga-zangar har zuwa kilomita 1 daga majalisar. cf ''[[Blum v Director for Public Prosecutions|Blum v Darakta na Masu Shari'a]]''. * Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta 2005, gwamnati don mayar da martani ga shari'ar A ta zartar da wannan ya ba Sakataren Cikin Gida damar sanya umarni na sarrafawa ga kowane ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya. Duk wanda ake zargi da ayyukan ta'addanci da Sakataren Cikin Gida, amma ba tare da wani irin gwaji ba, ana iya sanya shi ta hanyar lantarki, saka idanu, hana shi yin kiran waya, ta amfani da intanet, hana shi daga wasu nau'ikan aiki, ana iya hana shi zuwa wasu wurare, an soke fasfo din mutum kuma a ƙarƙashin aikin bayar da rahoto ga 'yan sanda. An gudanar da tsarin umarnin sarrafawa ba daidai ba a cikin ''[[Secretary of State for the Home Department v JJ|Sakataren Gwamnati na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida v JJ]]'' [2007] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080515145833/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200607/ldjudgmt/jd071031/homejj-1.htm UKHL 45]. An bayyana tsarin ba daidai ba ne, saboda babu raguwa. Koyaya Ubangiji Brown ya bayyana cewa idan an bar wanda ake zargi da 'yanci na sa'o'i takwas a rana, to da ya zama abin karɓa. * Dokar Ta'addanci ta 2006, biyo bayan fashewar bam a London a ranar 7 ga Yuli, wannan dokar ta ba da damar tsare mutanen da ake zargi da aikata laifukan ta'addancin ba tare da tuhuma ba har zuwa kwanaki 28. Dokar Shari'a ta 2003 ta tsawaita lokacin zuwa kwanaki 14. Gwamnati da farko ta ba da shawarar iyaka na kwanaki 90, tana mai cewa wannan ya kasance bisa ga shawarar 'yan sanda, kuma yana nuna goyon baya daga kuri'un ra'ayi. Hamayya tsakanin 'yan majalisa sun ga cin nasara na farko ga gwamnatin Blair; gyaran Conservative na tsare-tsare na kwanaki 28 ba tare da an yarda da shi ba. Wannan aikin ya kuma haifar da sabon laifi na "daukaka ta'addanci". * Austin v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [2007] [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2007/989.html#para73 EWCA Civ 989], Kotun daukaka kara ta ki amincewa da tuhumar ɗaurin kurkuku na ƙarya da kuma Art.5 ECHR da'awar 'yan sanda da ke gudanar da masu zanga-Ranar Mayu a Oxford Circus a shekara ta 2001. * Dokar Yaki da Ta'addanci ta 2008 ta nemi tsawaita yawan kwanakin da aka tsare ba tare da caji ba zuwa kwanaki 42 kuma ta ba Sakataren Cikin Gida damar buƙatar a kafa bincike ba tare da juri a asirce ba idan sun ga yana da sha'awar jama'a, sha'awar abokin yarjejeniyar kasashen waje ko kuma sha'awar tsaron kasa. David Davis MP, dan siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma Sakataren Gida na Shadow a lokacin, ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa ta majalisa a watan Yunin 2008 don nuna rashin amincewa da tsawaitawa ga tsare-tsare. Murabus dinsa ya tilasta zaben, wanda ya yi hamayya kuma ya ci nasara a kan dandalin 'yanci na jama'a. Babu Labour ko Liberal Democrats da suka tsaya dan takara. Kudin ya kuma cire haramcin yin tambayoyi bayan caji, ya ba 'yan sanda iko mafi girma na kwace dukiya kuma ya ba' yan sanda ikon hana daukar hoto a wuraren jama'a. * Dokar Gyaran 'yan sanda da Hakkin Jama'a ta 2011 ta soke haramtacciyar Dokar Laifuka da 'yan sanda ta 2005 a kan zanga-zangar a filin majalisa, duk da haka, ta kara sabbin ƙuntatawa, kamar aiki da kayan aikin hayaniya, gina alfarwa ko amfani da kayan bacci. * ''R v AB da CD'' (2014) ita ce shari'ar Burtaniya ta farko da za a gudanar gaba ɗaya a asirce kodayake kotun daukaka kara ta sauƙaƙa wasu ƙuntatawa bayan ƙalubalen shari'a ta ''The Guardian''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=judiciary.gov.uk |url=https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/guardian-v-ab-cd.pdf |access-date=2015-04-17 |website=www.judiciary.gov.uk}}</ref> * Dokar Ikon Bincike ta 2016 ta fadada ikon sa ido na lantarki na hukumomin leken asiri na Burtaniya. Ya ba da izinin tattara bayanai masu yawa na sadarwa da kuma karɓar bayanan sadarwa. Yana buƙatar CSPs (masu ba da sabis na sadarwa) don riƙe bayanan haɗin intanet na masu amfani da intanet na Burtaniya na shekara guda, wanda wasu jami'an gwamnati ke da damar yin amfani da shi ba tare da takardar shaidar ba. Ba a yarda da CSPs su ƙi taimako ga 'yan sanda ba kuma ba a yarda su bayyana buƙatar bayanai. Dokar ta kuma ba da izinin 'yan sanda su aiwatar da tsangwama ga kayan aiki. * A cikin 2018, an ba wa mawaƙa Rhys Herbert (sunan mataki 'Digga D') Dokar Halin Laifi kuma an haɗa shi da mai bin GPS a kan kafafunsa. Ana buƙatar ya ba da sanarwa ta awanni 24 ga 'yan sanda na birni na London kafin ya ɗora kowane kafofin watsa labarai kuma an hana shi tayar da tashin hankali, yana ambaton wasu yankuna na London ko yin nassoshi ga wasu abubuwan da suka faru na rayuwa ko mutane a cikin kiɗansa. * Dokokin Kare Lafiya (Coronavirus) na 2020 (Ingila kawai) sun ba 'yan sanda ikon tilasta mutane su ware kansu idan ana zargin su da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]]. * Dokar Coronavirus ta 2020 ta ba gwamnati ikon dakatar da ko iyakance tarurrukan jama'a da kuma tsare mutanen da ake zargi da cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]]. == Dubi kuma == * Big Brother Watch * Yunkurin Yaki da Censorship * Censorship a cikin Ƙasar Ingila * [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin jama'a da na siyasa]] * [['Yanci Na Farar Hula|'Yancin kai na jama'a]] * Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasar Ingila * [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'Yanci na magana]] * 'Yanci na magana ta ƙasa § United Kingdom * Tarihin 'yanci * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Ƙasar Ingila]] * 'Yancin kai a Ƙasar Ingila * Liberty (ƙungiyar matsa lamba) * Michael Mansfield * Kula da jama'a a Ƙasar Ingila * NO2ID * Majalisar dokoki a cikin Yin taƙaitaccen ci gaban tarihi na majalisa da haƙƙin jama'a a Burtaniya * Sirriyar Duniya * Taking Liberties - Takaddun shaida game da tasirin Dokar yaki da ta'addanci kan 'yancin bil'adama a Burtaniya. * Ta'addanci a Ƙasar Ingila == Manazarta == 0k9ove1ipqaf3r6aw6evb8vw43lvzwj 0 49798 970357 868267 2026-10-22T13:20:02Z Ziv 32466 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Christiaan Huygens-painting.jpeg]] → [[File:Caspar Netscher - Christiaan Huygens, the astronomer, 1671.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · Artist's name and exact description 970357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Fayil:Dice_Distribution_(bar).svg|thumb|250x250px|Halin da za a iya juyawa lambobi da yawa ta amfani da dice biyu]] '''Mai yiwuwa''' ya shafi abubuwan da suka faru da kuma bayanin lambobi na yadda za su faru. Halin yiwuwar wani abu shine lamba tsakanin 0 da 1; mafi girman yiwuwar, mai yiwuwa wani abu zai faru. [bayanin kula 1] <ref name="Stuart and Ord 2009">"Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics, Volume 1: Distribution Theory", Alan Stuart and Keith Ord, 6th ed., (2009), {{ISBN|978-0-534-24312-8}}.</ref> Wannan lambar sau da yawa ana bayyana ta a matsayin kashi (%), daga 0% zuwa 100%.<ref name="Feller">William Feller, ''An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications'', vol.&nbsp;1, 3rd ed., (1968), Wiley, {{ISBN|0-471-25708-7}}.</ref> Misali mai sauƙi shine jefa tsabar kudi mai kyau (marasa son kai). Tunda tsabar kudi tana da kyau, sakamakon biyu ("kai" da "tsuntsaye") duka suna da yiwuwar daidai; yiwuwar "tsuntsayen" daidai yake da yiwuwar "saki"; kuma tunda babu wasu sakamako masu yiwuwa, yiwuwar ko dai "tsaki" ko "tsakiyoyi" shine 1/2 (wanda kuma za'a iya rubuta shi a matsayin 0.5 ko 50%). Wadannan ra'ayoyin an ba su tsari na [[lissafi]] na axiomatic a cikin ''Ka'idar yiwuwar'', wanda ake amfani dashi ko'ina a fannonin karatu kamar kididdiga, lissafi, kimiyya, kudi, caca, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], ilmantarwa na inji, kimiyyar kwamfuta, ka'idar wasan, da [[Falsafa|falsafar]], alal misali, zana ra'ayi game da yawan abubuwan da ake tsammani. Hakanan ana amfani da ka'idar yiwuwar don bayyana ainihin injiniyoyi da daidaito na tsarin rikitarwa. == Magana == Kalmar ''yiwuwar'' ya samo [[wiktionary:probity|adalci]] ne daga Latin {{Lang|la|probabilitas}}, wanda kuma zai iya nufin "gaskiya", ma'auni na iko shaida a cikin shari'ar shari'a a Turai, kuma sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da daraja shaidar. A wata ma'ana, wannan ya bambanta da ma'anar zamani na ''yiwuwar'', wanda ya bambanta shine ma'auni na nauyin shaidar kwarewa, kuma an kai shi daga tunani mai ma'ana da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga. == Fassara == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lokacin da ake hulɗa da gwaje-gwaje na bazuwar - watau, gwaje-gaje waɗanda ke bazuwar kuma an bayyana su sosai - a cikin saitin ka'ida (kamar jefa tsabar kudi), ana iya bayyana yiwuwar ta hanyar lambobi ta yawan sakamakon da ake so, an raba su da jimlar adadin duk sakamakon. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin yiwuwar ka'ida (ba kamar yiwuwar kwarewa ba, ma'amala da yiwuwar a cikin mahallin gwaje-gwaje na ainihi). Mai yiwuwa shine lamba tsakanin 0 da 1; mafi girman yiwuwar, mafi kusantar sakamakon da ake so zai faru. Misali, jefa tsabar kudi sau biyu zai samar da sakamakon "kai-kai", "kai-kibiya", "kai", da kuma "kibiya-kibiya". Halin yiwuwar samun sakamakon "kai-kai" shine 1 daga cikin sakamako 4, ko, a cikin lambobi, 1/4, 0.25 ko 25%. Halin samun sakamako na akalla kai ɗaya shine 3 daga 4, ko 0.75, kuma wannan taron zai fi faruwa. Koyaya, idan ya zo ga aikace-aikace mai amfani, akwai manyan nau'o'i biyu masu gasa na fassarorin yiwuwar, waɗanda mabiyan su ke da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ainihin yanayin yiwuwar: * Masu son kai suna ba da lambobi don bayyana wasu manufa ko yanayin jiki. Mafi mashahuriyar fasalin yiwuwar manufa ita ce yiwuwar maimaitawa, wanda ke da'awar cewa yiwuwar wani abu na bazuwar yana nuna yawan dangi na faruwar sakamakon gwaji lokacin da aka sake maimaita gwajin har abada. Wannan fassarar tana la'akari da yiwuwar zama dangi "a cikin dogon lokaci" na sakamakon. Canjin wannan shine yiwuwar yiwuwar, wanda ke fassara yiwuwar a matsayin yanayin wasu gwaje-gwaje don samar da wani sakamako, koda kuwa an yi shi sau ɗaya kawai. * Masu ra'ayi suna ba da lambobi ta hanyar yiwuwar ra'ayi, wato, a matsayin matakin imani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Finetti |first=Bruno de |year=1970 |title=Logical foundations and measurement of subjective probability |journal=Acta Psychologica |volume=34 |pages=129–145 |doi=10.1016/0001-6918(70)90012-0}}</ref> An fassara matakin imani a matsayin "farashin da za ku saya ko siyar da fare wanda ke biyan 1 na amfani idan E, 0 idan ba E ba", <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hájek |first=Alan |date=2002-10-21 |title=Interpretations of Probability |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/probability-interpret/ |journal=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |edition=Winter 2012 |access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref> kodayake wannan fassarar ba a yarda da ita ba a duniya. Mafi mashahuriyar fasalin yiwuwar ra'ayi shine yiwuwar Bayesian, wanda ya haɗa da ƙwararren ilimin da kuma bayanan gwaji don samar da yiwuwar. Ilimin kwararru yana wakiltar wasu (subjective) yiwuwar rarraba a baya. Wadannan bayanai an haɗa su a cikin aikin yiwuwar. Samfurin da ya gabata da yiwuwar, lokacin da aka daidaita, yana haifar da Rarraba yiwuwar baya wanda ya haɗa da duk bayanan da aka sani har zuwa yau. Ta hanyar yarjejeniyar yarjejeniyar Aumann, jami'an Bayesian waɗanda imanin su na baya yayi kama da juna zai ƙare da irin wannan imanin baya. Koyaya, isasshen abubuwan da suka dace na iya haifar da yanke shawara daban-daban, ba tare da la'akari da yawan bayanan da jami'an ke raba ba. == Tarihi == Nazarin kimiyya na yiwuwar ci gaba ne na zamani na lissafi. Yin caca ya nuna cewa akwai sha'awar ƙididdigar ra'ayoyin yiwuwar a cikin tarihi, amma ainihin bayanin lissafi ya tashi daga baya. Akwai dalilai na jinkirin ci gaban lissafi na yiwuwar. Ganin cewa wasannin sa'a sun ba da gudummawa ga nazarin lissafi na yiwuwar, batutuwan da suka dace [bayanin 2] har yanzu suna ɓoyewa ta hanyar camfi. A cewar Richard Jeffrey, "Kafin tsakiyar karni na goma sha bakwai, kalmar 'mai ''yiwuwar''<nowiki/>' (Latin probabilis) tana nufin ''amincewa'', kuma an yi amfani da ita a wannan ma'anar, ta hanyar da ta dace, ga ra'ayi da aiki. Wani mataki mai yiwuwa ko ra'ayi shine kamar yadda mutane masu hankali za su yi ko riƙe, a cikin yanayin. <ref name="Jeffrey">Jeffrey, R.C., ''Probability and the Art of Judgment,'' Cambridge University Press. (1992). pp. 54–55 . {{ISBN|0-521-39459-7}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin mahallin shari'a musamman, 'mai yiwuwa'. Hakanan yana iya amfani da shawarwari waɗanda akwai kyakkyawar shaida. [[Fayil:Cardano.jpg|thumb|170x170px|Gerolamo Cardano (karni na 16) ]] [[Fayil:Caspar Netscher - Christiaan Huygens, the astronomer, 1671.jpg|thumb|183x183px|Christiaan Huygens ya buga ɗayan littattafai na farko game da yiwuwar (karni na 17).]] Masanin ilimin Italiyanci na ƙarni na goma sha shida Gerolamo Cardano ya nuna ingancin bayyana Rashin daidaituwa a matsayin rabo na sakamako mai kyau ga sakamako mara kyau (wanda ke nuna cewa yiwuwar wani taron an ba shi ta hanyar rabo na sakamako masu kyau ga jimlar sakamakon da za a iya samu <ref>{{Cite web |title=''Some laws and problems in classical probability and how Cardano anticipated them'' Gorrochum, P. ''Chance'' magazine 2012 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~pg2113/index_files/Gorroochurn-Some%20Laws.pdf}}</ref>). Baya ga aikin farko na Cardano, koyarwar yiwuwar ta kasance daga wasikar Pierre de Fermat da [[Blaise Pascal]] (1654). Christiaan Huygens (1657) ya ba da sanannen ilimin kimiyya na farko game da batun. Jakob Bernoulli's ''Ars Conjectandi'' (bayan mutuwarsa, 1713) da kuma Abraham de Moivre's Doctrine of Chances (1718) sun bi da batun a matsayin reshe na lissafi. Dubi Ian Hacking's The Emergence of Probability da James Franklin's The Science of Conjecture don tarihin farkon ci gaban ainihin manufar yiwuwar lissafi. Ana iya gano ka'idar kurakurai zuwa ''Opera Miscellanea'' na Roger Cotes (bayan mutuwarsa, 1722), amma wani abin tunawa da Thomas Simpson ya shirya a 1755 (an buga 1756) ya fara amfani da ka'idar don tattaunawar kurakurai na lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shoesmith |first=Eddie |date=November 1985 |title=Thomas Simpson and the arithmetic mean |journal=Historia Mathematica |language=en |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=352–355 |doi=10.1016/0315-0860(85)90044-8 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sake bugawa (1757) na wannan tarihin ya sanya axioms cewa kuskuren da ba su da kyau suna da yiwuwar daidaito, kuma wasu iyakokin da za a iya ba da su sun bayyana kewayon duk kurakurai. Simpson ya kuma tattauna kurakurai masu ci gaba kuma ya bayyana yiwuwar yiwuwar. Dokokin kuskure guda biyu na farko da aka gabatar sun samo asali ne daga Pierre-Simon Laplace . An buga dokar farko a cikin shekara ta 1774, kuma ta bayyana cewa ana iya bayyana mitar kuskure a matsayin aiki mai yawa na girman lambobi na kuskure - yin watsi da alamar. Dokar kuskure ta biyu ta gabatar a cikin 1778 ta Laplace, kuma ta bayyana cewa mitar kuskuren aiki ne mai yawa na murabba'in kuskuren. Dokar kuskure ta biyu ana kiranta rarraba ta al'ada ko dokar Gauss. "Yana da wahala a tarihi a danganta wannan dokar ga Gauss, wanda duk da sanannen sanannen saurinsa mai yiwuwa bai yi wannan binciken ba kafin ya kai shekaru biyu. "<ref name="Wilson1923" />{{Spaced en dash}} Daniel Bernoulli (1778) ya gabatar da ka'idar matsakaicin samfurin yiwuwar tsarin kurakurai na lokaci guda. [[Fayil:Bendixen_-_Carl_Friedrich_Gauß,_1828.jpg|thumb|159x159px|Carl Friedrich Gauss]] Adrien-Marie Legendre (1805) ya haɓaka hanyar mafi ƙarancin murabba'i, kuma ya gabatar da shi a cikin Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes (Sabon Hanyoyi don Tabbatar da Orbits of Comets). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seneta |first=Eugene William |title="Adrien-Marie Legendre" (version 9) |url=http://statprob.com/encyclopedia/AdrienMarieLegendre.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203070724/http://statprob.com/encyclopedia/AdrienMarieLegendre.html |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=StatProb: The Encyclopedia Sponsored by Statistics and Probability Societies}}</ref> A cikin jahilci game da gudummawar Legendre, wani marubucin Irish-Amurka, [[Robert Adrain]], editan "The Analyst" (1808), ya fara cire dokar kuskuren kuskure. <math display="block">\phi(x) = ce^{-h^2 x^2}</math> where <math>h</math> is a constant depending on precision of observation, and <math>c</math> is a scale factor ensuring that the area under the curve equals 1. He gave two proofs, the second being essentially the same as John Herschel's (1850).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2012}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]] gave the first proof that seems to have been known in Europe (the third after Adrain's) in 1809. Further proofs were given by Laplace (1810, 1812), Gauss (1823), James Ivory (1825, 1826), Hagen (1837), Friedrich Bessel (1838), W.F. Donkin (1844, 1856), and Morgan Crofton (1870). Other contributors were Ellis (1844), De Morgan (1864), Glaisher (1872), and Giovanni Schiaparelli (1875). Peters's (1856) formula  for ''r'', the probable error of a single observation, is well known. A cikin karni na sha tara, marubutan kan ka'idar gabaɗaya sun haɗa da Laplace, Sylvestre Lacroix (1816), Littrow (1833), Adolphe Quetelet (1853), Richard Dedekind (1860), Helmert (1872), Hermann Laurent (1873), Liagre, Didion da Karl Pearson. Augustus De Morgan da George Boole sun inganta bayanin ka'idar. A cikin 1906, Andrey Markov ya gabatar da ra'ayin sarkar Markov, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ka'idar tsarin stochastic da aikace-aikacenta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Richard |title=Markov Chains |url=http://www.statslab.cam.ac.uk/~rrw1/markov/M.pdf |website=Statistical Laboratory |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref> Ka'idar yiwuwar zamani ta dogara da ka'idar ma'auni ta samo asali ne daga Andrey Kolmogorov a cikin 1931. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vitanyi |first=Paul M.B. |date=1988 |title=Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov |url=http://homepages.cwi.nl/~paulv/KOLMOGOROV.BIOGRAPHY.html |journal=CWI Quarterly |issue=1 |pages=3–18 |access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref> A gefen lissafi, masu ba da gudummawa ga The Educational Times sun haɗa da Miller, Crofton, McColl, Wolstenholme, Watson, da Artemas Martin. Dubi cikakkiyar lissafi don ƙarin bayani. == Ka'idar == Kamar sauran ra'ayoyin, ka'idar yiwuwar wakilci ne na ra'ayoyinta a cikin sharuddan tsari - wato, a cikin sharudda da za a iya la'akari da su daban daga ma'anar su. Wadannan ka'idoji da aka tsara ana sarrafa su ta hanyar ka'idoji na lissafi da tunani, kuma ana fassara duk wani sakamako ko fassara shi cikin yankin matsala.{{Spaced en dash}} Akwai akalla yunkurin nasara guda biyu don tsara yiwuwar, wato tsarin Kolmogorov da tsarin Cox. A cikin tsarin Kolmogorov (duba kuma sararin yiwuwar), ana fassara saiti a matsayin abubuwan da suka faru da yiwuwar a matsayin ma'auni a kan aji na saiti. A cikin Ka'idar Cox, ana ɗaukar yiwuwar a matsayin na asali (watau, ba a ƙara nazarin shi ba), kuma an jaddada shi ne akan gina daidaitattun ƙimar yiwuwar ga shawarwari. A lokuta biyu, dokokin yiwuwar iri ɗaya ne, sai dai don cikakkun bayanai na fasaha. Akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a iya tantance rashin tabbas, kamar Ka'idar Dempster-Shafer ko Ka'idar yiwuwar, amma waɗannan sun bambanta sosai kuma ba su dace da ka'idojin yiwuwar da aka fahimta ba. == Aikace-aikacen == Ana amfani da ka'idar yiwuwar a rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin kimantawa da ƙira. Masana'antar inshora da kasuwanni suna amfani da kimiyyar lissafi don ƙayyade farashi da yanke shawara na kasuwanci. Gwamnatoci suna amfani da hanyoyin yiwuwar a cikin [[Dokar muhalli|Tsarin muhalli]], nazarin haƙƙin mallaka, da Tsarin kudi. Misali na amfani da ka'idar yiwuwar a cikin cinikayya ta daidaito shine tasirin yiwuwar duk wani rikici na Gabas ta Tsakiya a kan farashin mai, wanda ke da tasiri a cikin tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya. Binciken da mai siyar da kayayyaki ya yi cewa yaƙi zai iya aika farashin kayan sama ko ƙasa, kuma yana nuna wasu 'yan kasuwa na wannan ra'ayi. Dangane da haka, ba a tantance yiwuwar da kanta ba ko kuma ba lallai ba ne a hankali. Ka'idar halayyar kuɗi ta fito ne don bayyana tasirin irin wannan tunanin rukuni akan farashi, akan manufofi, da kuma zaman lafiya da rikici. Baya ga kimantawa na kudi, ana iya amfani da yiwuwar don nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin ilmin halitta (misali, yaduwar cututtuka) da kuma ilimin muhalli (misali), murabba'in Punnett na halitta). <ref name="Edwards_2012_2">{{Cite journal |author-link=Anthony William Fairbank Edwards |date=September 2012 |title=Reginald Crundall Punnett: First Arthur Balfour Professor of Genetics, Cambridge, 1912 |department=Perspectives |journal=[[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]] |location=Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Genetics Society of America]] |volume=192 |issue=1 |pages=3–13 |doi=10.1534/genetics.112.143552 |pmc=3430543 |pmid=22964834 |quote=[…] Punnett's square seems to have been a development of 1905, too late for the first edition of his ''Mendelism'' (May 1905) but much in evidence in ''Report III to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society'' [(Bateson et al. 1906b) "received March 16, 1906"]. The earliest mention is contained in a letter to Bateson from Francis Galton dated October 1, 1905 (Edwards 2012). We have the testimony of Bateson (1909, p. 57) that "For the introduction of this system [the 'graphic method'], which greatly simplifies difficult cases, I am indebted to Mr. Punnett." […] The first published diagrams appeared in 1906. […] when Punnett published the second edition of his ''Mendelism'', he used a slightly different format ([…] Punnett 1907, p. 45) […] In the third edition (Punnett 1911, p. 34) he reverted to the arrangement […] with a description of the construction of what he called the "chessboard" method (although in truth it is more like a multiplication table). […]}} (11 pages)</ref> Kamar yadda yake tare da kudi, ana iya amfani da kimanta haɗari azaman kayan aiki na kididdiga don lissafin yiwuwar abubuwan da ba a so su faru, kuma suna iya taimakawa tare da aiwatar da ladabi don kauce wa fuskantar irin waɗannan yanayi. Ana amfani da yiwuwar tsara wasannin sa'a don gidajen caca su iya samun tabbacin riba, duk da haka samar da biyan kuɗi ga 'yan wasan da ke da isasshen lokaci don ƙarfafa ci gaba da wasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gao |first=J.Z. |last2=Fong |first2=D. |last3=Liu |first3=X. |date=April 2011 |title=Mathematical analyses of casino rebate systems for VIP gambling |journal=International Gambling Studies |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=93–106 |doi=10.1080/14459795.2011.552575 |s2cid=144540412}}</ref> Wani muhimmin aikace-aikacen ka'idar yiwuwar a rayuwar yau da kullun shine amintacce. Yawancin samfuran mabukaci, kamar [[Mota|motoci]] da kayan lantarki na mabukaci، suna amfani da ka'idar amintacce a cikin ƙirar samfur don rage yiwuwar gazawar. Halin gazawar na iya rinjayar yanke shawara na mai ƙerawa akan garantin samfurin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorman |first=Michael F. |year=2010 |title=Management Insights |journal=Management Science |volume=56 |pages=iv–vii |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1090.1132 |doi-access=}}</ref> Misali na harshe na cache da sauran samfuran harshe na kididdiga waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin sarrafa harshe na halitta suma misalai ne na aikace-aikacen ka'idar yiwuwar. == Magani na lissafi == [[Fayil:Probability_vs_odds.svg|right|thumb|Ƙididdigar yiwuwar (hadari) vs odds]] Ka yi la'akari da gwaji wanda zai iya samar da sakamako da yawa. Tarin duk sakamakon da zai yiwu ana kiransa samfurin samfurin gwajin, wani lokacin ana nuna shi kamar haka Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } . An kafa saitin wutar lantarki na sararin samfurin ta hanyar la'akari da duk tarin daban-daban na sakamakon da zai yiwu. Misali, mirgina die na iya samar da sakamako shida. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon da zai yiwu yana ba da lambar da ba ta dace ba a kan mutuwar. Don haka, ɓangaren {1,3,5} wani bangare ne na saitin wutar lantarki na samfurin sarari dice. Wadannan tarin ana kiransu "al'amuran". A wannan yanayin, {1,3,5} shine abin da ya faru cewa mutuwar ta fadi a kan wani lamari mai ban mamaki. Idan sakamakon da ya faru ya fadi a cikin wani taron, an ce taron ya faru. Wata yiwuwar wata hanya ce ta ba da kowane taron darajar tsakanin sifili da ɗaya, tare da buƙatar cewa taron ya ƙunshi duk sakamakon da zai yiwu (a cikin misalinmu, an ba da taron {1,2,3,4,5,6}) darajar ɗaya. Don cancanta a matsayin yiwuwar, sanya dabi'u dole ne ya gamsar da abin da ake buƙata cewa don kowane tarin abubuwan da suka faru na juna (al'amuran da ba su da sakamako na kowa, kamar abubuwan da suka gabata {1,6}, {3}, da {2,4}), yiwuwar cewa aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faruwa zai faru an ba shi ta jimlar yiwuwar duk abubuwan da suka biyo baya. ''A'' rubuta yiwuwar wani abu A kamar haka P (A) {\displaystyle P (A) } ,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Weisstein |first=Eric W. |title=Probability |url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html |access-date=2020-09-10 |website=mathworld.wolfram.com |language=en}}</ref> p (A) {\displaystyle p (A) } , ko kuma Pr (A) {\displaystyle {\text{Pr}} (A) } . Wannan ma'anar lissafi na yiwuwar na iya fadada zuwa sararin samfurori marasa iyaka, har ma da sararin samfar da ba a iya lissafawa ba, ta amfani da manufar ma'auni. ''A''">''A'' h''A'' ko ''kari'' na wani taron A shine taron [ba A] (wato, taron A ba ya faruwa), sau da yawa ana nuna shi kamar yadda take A ′ , A c {\displaystyle A',A^{c}} , A ̄ , A Sanya , ¬ A {\displaystyle {\overline {A}},A^{\complement },\neg A} , ko kuma ∼ A {\displaystyle {\sim }A} <nowiki/>; yiwuwar ta ta ba da P (ba A) = {{Nowrap|1=1 − {{sfrac|1|6}} = {{sfrac|5|6}}.}} P (A). A matsayin misali, damar da ba za a mirgine shida a kan gefen gefen shida ba shine 1 - (hanzarin mirgine shida) = 1 − ⁠1/6⁠ = ⁠5/6⁠ . Don ƙarin bayani, duba Complementary event. Id''A'' ''A''B'''' biyu A da B sun faru a kan aikin gwaji guda ɗaya, ana kiran wannan haɗuwa ko yiwuwar hadin gwiwa na A da B, wanda aka nuna kamar haka P (A cikin B). {\displaystyle P (A\cap B). } <math>P(A \cap B).</math> === Abubuwan da suka faru masu zaman kansu === [[Fayil:Mutually_Exclusive_and_Non-exclusive_Probability_Events.jpg|thumb|Abubuwan da suka faru A da B da aka nuna a matsayin masu banbanci da ba masu banbancin juna ba a sararin samaniya Ω]] Id''A'' a''B'' biyu sun faru, A da B sun kasance masu zaman kansu to yiwuwar hadin gwiwa shine <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Weisstein |first=Eric W. |title=Probability |url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html |access-date=2020-09-10 |website=mathworld.wolfram.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWeisstein">Weisstein, Eric W. [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html "Probability"]. ''mathworld.wolfram.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> P (A) da kuma B) = P (A) = P. {\displaystyle P (A{\mbox{ da }}B) =P (A\cap B) =P, A) P (B). } Misali, idan an juya tsabar kudi biyu, to damar zama kawuna biyu shine 1 2 × 1 2 <nowiki/>= 1 4 . {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\times {\tfraz {1} {2}}={\tfrac{1}{4}} . } === Abubuwan da suka faru na juna === Id''A'' ko dai a''B'' da ya faru A ko abin da ya gabata B zai iya faruwa amma ba duka biyu ba a lokaci guda, to ana kiran su abubuwan da suka faru na juna. Idan abubuwa biyu sun bambanta da juna, to yiwuwar ''duka biyun'' suna faruwa kamar haka P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\cap B) } da kuma P (A) da kuma B) = P (Abin B) = 0 {\displaystyle P (A{\mbox{ da }}B) =P (A\cap B) =0} Idan abubuwa biyu sun bambanta da juna, to yiwuwar ''ko dai'' ya faru kamar haka P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\cup B) } da kuma P (A) ko kuma B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A" + P (A, 0 = P (B") {\displaystyle P (A{\mbox{ ko }}B) =P (A\cup B) =P, +P (B) -P (A \cap B) = P (A) +P (P) -0=P (A) +P (B). <math display="block">P(A\mbox{ or }B) = P(A \cup B)= P(A) + P(B) - P(A \cap B) = P(A) + P(B) - 0 = P(A) + P(B)</math> Misali, damar da za a yi amfani da 1 ko 2 a kan gefen gefen shida shine P (1 ko kuma 2) = P (1) + P (2) = 1 6 + 1 6 <nowiki/>= 1 3 . {\displaystyle P (1{\mbox{ ko }}2) =P (1) +P (2) ={\tfrac {1}{6}}+{\tfrak {1} {6}}={\tflak {1}. } <math>P(1\mbox{ or }2) = P(1) + P(2) = \tfrac{1}{6} + \tfrac{1}{6} = \tfrac{1}{3}.</math> === Ba (ya zama dole) abubuwan da suka faru na juna ba === Idan abubuwan da suka faru ba su da alaƙa da juna to P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) A ko kuma B ) <nowiki/>= P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) A da kuma B ) . {\displaystyle P\left (A{\hbox{ ko }}B\right) =P (A\cup B) =P\left, A\right) +P\lept (B\right). } An sake rubuta shi, P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) {\displaystyle P\left (A\cup B\right) =P\left, A\right) +P\lett (B\right) -P\lept (A\cap B\right). <math display="block"> P\left( A\cup B\right) =P\left( A\right) +P\left( B\right) -P\left( A\cap B\right) </math> Misali, lokacin da ka zana katin daga katunan katunan katako, damar samun zuciya ko katin fuska (J, Q, K) (ko duka biyun) shine 13 52 + 12 52 - 3 52 <nowiki/>= 11 26 , {\displaystyle {\tfrac {13}{52}}+{\tfrac{12}{52}},-{\tfrak {3}{52}={\tfranc {11}{26}},} tunda daga cikin katunan 52 na bene, 13 sune zukata, 12 sune katunan fuska, kuma 3 duka biyu ne: a nan yiwuwar da aka haɗa a cikin "3 da suke duka biyu" an haɗa su a cikin kowane ɗayan "zuciya 13" da "katunan fuska 12", amma ya kamata a ƙidaya sau ɗaya kawai. Ana iya fadada wannan don abubuwa da yawa da ba su da mahimmanci ga juna. Ga abubuwan da suka faru guda uku, wannan ya ci gaba kamar haka: P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanya B C ) <nowiki/>= P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) C.E. ) <nowiki/>= P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) C.E. ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) Sanya (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) - (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) + P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) Sanya (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) ) ) P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanya B C ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) + P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanya B C ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aiki}P\hagu (A\cup B\dama) =&P\hagu) \cap&P\ hagu (\hagu) \cap\hagu) (\hagu\dama) \cap\dama (\dama) (\ga dama\\ga dama) \cap/ga dama\C\ga dama (\ga) \capcap&P/ga dama) \ga\ga dama Ana iya ganin, to, cewa ana iya maimaita wannan tsari don kowane adadi na abubuwan da suka faru. === Halin yiwuwar === ''A''"><''A'' class="cx-link" data-linkid="473" href="./Conditional_pro''''B''''" id="mwAcI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Conditional probability">Halin yiwuwar yanayi shine yiwuwar wani abu A, idan aka ba da faruwar wani abu B. An rubuta yiwuwar yanayi P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\mid B) } , kuma ana karantawa "hawancin A, an ba da B". An bayyana shi ta hanyar <math display="block">P(A \mid B) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(B)}\,</math> Idan P (B) = 0 {\displaystyle P (B) =0} sa'an nan P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\mid B) } Ba a bayyana shi ba ta wannan magana. A wannan yanayin A {\displaystyle A} da kuma B {\displaystyle B} suna da 'yanci, tun lokacin da P (A) = P (A), P (B) = 0. {\displaystyle P (A\cap B) =P (A) P (B) =0. } Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a ayyana yiwuwar yanayi don wasu abubuwan da suka faru, misali ta hanyar amfani da σ-algebra na irin waɗannan abubuwan (kamar waɗanda ke tasowa daga ci gaba mai canzawa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conditional probability with respect to a sigma-algebra |url=https://www.statlect.com/fundamentals-of-probability/conditional-probability-as-a-random-variable |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=statlect.com}}</ref> Misali, a cikin jaka na 2 jan balls da 2 blue balls (4 balls a duka), yiwuwar ɗaukar jan ball ne 1 / 2 <nowiki>;</nowiki> {\displaystyle 1/2;} Duk da haka, lokacin da ake ɗaukar kwallon na biyu, yiwuwar zama ko dai jan ko blue ball ya dogara da kwallon da aka ɗauka a baya. Misali, idan an dauki jan ball, to yiwuwar sake karbar jan ball zai kasance 1 / 3 , {\displaystyle 1/3,} tunda kawai 1 ja da 2 blue balls zasu kasance sun rage. Kuma idan an dauki kwallon shuɗi a baya, yiwuwar daukar jan kwallon zai kasance 2 / 3. {\displaystyle 2/3.} <math>2/3.</math> === Da yiwuwar baya === A cikin Ka'idar yiwuwar da aikace-aikace, dokar Bayes ta danganta rashin daidaito na taron A 1 {\displaystyle A_{1}} zuwa taron A 2 , {\displaystyle A_{2},} kafin (kafin) da kuma bayan (bayan) yanayin a wani taron B. {\displaystyle B.} Rashin daidaituwa A 1 {\displaystyle A_{1}} zuwa taron A 2 {\displaystyle A_{2}} shine kawai rabo na yiwuwar abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu. Lokacin da abubuwa da yawa suka faru A {\displaystyle A} suna da ban sha'awa, ba kawai biyu ba, ana iya sake fasalin dokar kamar yadda baya ya dace da lokutan da suka gabata. P (A) Sanyawa B) Sanya P (B) Sanyawa A) {\displaystyle P (A negB) \propto P (A) P (B negA) } inda alamar daidaito tana nufin cewa gefen hagu daidai yake da (watau, daidai yake da lokaci) gefen dama kamar yadda A {\displaystyle A} ya bambanta, don daidaitawa ko bayarwa B {\displaystyle B} (Lee, 2012; Bertsch McGrayne, 2012). A cikin wannan nau'in ya koma Laplace (1774) da Cournot (1843); duba Fienberg (2005). === Taƙaitaccen yiwuwar === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;" |+Taƙaitaccen yiwuwar ! scope="col" |Abin da ya faru ! scope="col" |Mai yiwuwa |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |A |<math>P(A)\in[0,1]</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |ba A ba |<math>P(A^\complement)=1-P(A)\,</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |A ko B |<math>\begin{align} P(A\cup B) & = P(A)+P(B)-P(A\cap B) \\ P(A\cup B) & = P(A)+P(B) \qquad\mbox{if A and B are mutually exclusive} \\ \end{align}</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |A da B |<math>\begin{align} P(A\cap B) & = P(A|B)P(B) = P(B|A)P(A)\\ P(A\cap B) & = P(A)P(B) \qquad\mbox{if A and B are independent}\\ \end{align}</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |An ba da B |<math>P(A \mid B) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(B)} = \frac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B)} \,</math> |} == Dangantaka da bazuwar da yiwuwar a cikin injiniyan lissafi == A cikin sararin samaniya mai mahimmanci, bisa ga ra'ayoyin Newtonian, ba za a sami yiwuwar ba idan an san dukkan yanayi (Aljanin Laplace) (amma akwai yanayi inda hankali ga yanayin farko ya wuce ikonmu na auna su, watau sanin su). A cikin yanayin motar roulette, idan an san ƙarfin hannu da lokacin wannan ƙarfin, lambar da kwallon za ta tsaya za ta zama tabbatacciya (ko da yake a matsayin al'amari mai amfani, wannan zai iya zama gaskiya ne kawai game da motar roulette wanda ba a daidaita shi daidai ba - kamar yadda Thomas A. Bass' Newtonian Casino ya bayyana). Wannan kuma yana ɗaukar ilimin inertia da friction na motar, nauyi, santsi, da kuma zagaye na kwallon, bambance-bambance a cikin saurin hannu yayin juyawa, da sauransu. Bayani mai yiwuwa zai iya zama da amfani fiye da injiniyoyin Newtonian don nazarin tsarin sakamakon maimaitawa na motar roulette. Masana kimiyyar lissafi suna fuskantar irin wannan halin da ake ciki ''a cikin ka'ida'' kinetic na iskar gas, inda tsarin, yayin da yake da ƙayyadewa a ka'idar, yana da rikitarwa sosai (tare da yawan kwayoyin yawanci tsari na girman Avogadro mai ɗorewa {{Val|6.02}}) cewa kawai bayanin ƙididdigar dukiyarsa zai yiwu. Ana buƙatar Ka'idar yiwuwar don bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Binciken juyin juya hali na farkon karni na 20 shine halin bazuwar duk matakai na zahiri da ke faruwa a ma'auni na atom kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar dokokin injiniya. Ayyukan raƙuman ruwa suna canzawa ta hanyar ƙaddara amma, bisa ga Fassarar Copenhagen, yana hulɗa da yiwuwar lura, sakamakon da aka bayyana ta hanyar rushewar aikin raƙuman raƙuman lokacin da aka yi kallo. Koyaya, asarar ƙaddara don kare kayan aiki bai sadu da amincewar duniya ba. [[Albert Einstein]] ya yi magana a cikin wata wasika ga Max Born: "Na gamsu cewa Allah ba ya wasa da dice". Kamar Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, wanda ya gano aikin raƙuman ruwa, ya yi imanin cewa quantum mechanics kusanci ne na kididdiga ƙididdiga na ainihin Gaskiya. A wasu fassarori na zamani na ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na ma'auni, ana kiran ƙididdigat ƙididdigal don lissafin bayyanar sakamakon gwaji na ra'ayi. == Dubi kuma ==  <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ba zato ba tsammani * Daidaitawa daidai * Rashin fahimta * Heuristic (halayyar mutum) == Bayani ==   == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Bayanan littattafai == * Kallenberg, O. (2005) Mai yiwuwa Symmetries da Invariance Principles. Springer-Verlag, New York. 510 shafi na &nbsp;{{ISBN|0-387-25115-4}} * Kallenberg, O. (2002) ''Tushen yiwuwar zamani,'' 2nd ed. Springer Series a cikin Kididdiga. 650 shafi na &nbsp;{{ISBN|0-387-95313-2}} * Olofsson, Peter (2005) Mai yiwuwa, Kididdiga, da Tsarin Stochastic, Wiley-Interscience. 504 shafi na .{{ISBN|0-471-67969-0}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/ Gidan gwaje-gwaje na kama-da-wane a cikin yiwuwar da kididdiga (Univ. na Ala.-Huntsville)] *   * Probability a kanA Zamaninmua cikinBBC * [http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/EBook Mai yiwuwa da Kididdiga EBook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216153436/http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/EBook |date=2008-12-16 }} * Edwin Thompson Jaynes. ''Ka'idar yiwuwar: Ma'anar Kimiyya'' . Preprint: Jami'ar Washington, (1996). - [https://web.archive.org/web/20160119131820/http://omega.albany.edu:8008/JaynesBook.html Lissafin HTML tare da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa fayilolin PostScript] da [http://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/prob/book.pdf PDF] (surori uku na farko) * [http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/Figures.htm Mutanen daga Tarihin yiwuwar da Kididdiga (Univ. na Southampton)] * [http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/Probability%20Earliest%20Uses.htm Mai yiwuwa da Kididdiga a kan Shafukan Amfani da Farko (Univ. na Southampton)] * [http://jeff560.tripod.com/stat.html Amfani da Alamomi na Farko a cikin Mai yiwuwa da Kididdiga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630173713/http://jeff560.tripod.com/stat.html |date=2017-06-30 }} akan Amfani da alamomi daban-daban na lissafi[http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html Amfani da Farko na Alamomin Lissafi daban-daban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220073955/http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html |date=2016-02-20 }} * [http://www.celiagreen.com/charlesmccreery/statistics/bayestutorial.pdf Koyarwa game da yiwuwar da Bayes' theorem da aka tsara don ɗaliban Jami'ar Oxford na shekara ta farko] * [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/book.html Gabatarwa ga Mai yiwuwa - eBook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727200156/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/book.html |date=2011-07-27 }} An adana 27 Yuli 2011 a , na Charles Grinstead, Laurie Snell [https://bitbucket.org/shabbychef/numas_text/ Tushen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325135243/https://bitbucket.org/shabbychef/numas_text/ |date=2012-03-25 }} An adana Wayback Engine '' (GNU Free Documentation License) '' * (a cikin Turanci da Italiyanci) [[Bruno de Finetti]], ''[http://amshistorica.unibo.it/35 Probabilità da induzione] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408012019/http://amshistorica.unibo.it/35 |date=2013-04-08 }}'', Bologna, CLUEB, 1993. (digital version) {{ISBN|88-8091-176-7}} * [https://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_06.html Richard Feynman's Lecture on probability.] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] to2vwxsnzd9bxz7vzt3viw6eqo22i6t 970378 970357 2026-10-22T14:30:52Z Ziv 32466 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Cardano.jpg]] → [[File:Gerolamo Cardano, self-portrait (1501–1576).jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · More precise and not just a meaningless one word name 970378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Fayil:Dice_Distribution_(bar).svg|thumb|250x250px|Halin da za a iya juyawa lambobi da yawa ta amfani da dice biyu]] '''Mai yiwuwa''' ya shafi abubuwan da suka faru da kuma bayanin lambobi na yadda za su faru. Halin yiwuwar wani abu shine lamba tsakanin 0 da 1; mafi girman yiwuwar, mai yiwuwa wani abu zai faru. [bayanin kula 1] <ref name="Stuart and Ord 2009">"Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics, Volume 1: Distribution Theory", Alan Stuart and Keith Ord, 6th ed., (2009), {{ISBN|978-0-534-24312-8}}.</ref> Wannan lambar sau da yawa ana bayyana ta a matsayin kashi (%), daga 0% zuwa 100%.<ref name="Feller">William Feller, ''An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications'', vol.&nbsp;1, 3rd ed., (1968), Wiley, {{ISBN|0-471-25708-7}}.</ref> Misali mai sauƙi shine jefa tsabar kudi mai kyau (marasa son kai). Tunda tsabar kudi tana da kyau, sakamakon biyu ("kai" da "tsuntsaye") duka suna da yiwuwar daidai; yiwuwar "tsuntsayen" daidai yake da yiwuwar "saki"; kuma tunda babu wasu sakamako masu yiwuwa, yiwuwar ko dai "tsaki" ko "tsakiyoyi" shine 1/2 (wanda kuma za'a iya rubuta shi a matsayin 0.5 ko 50%). Wadannan ra'ayoyin an ba su tsari na [[lissafi]] na axiomatic a cikin ''Ka'idar yiwuwar'', wanda ake amfani dashi ko'ina a fannonin karatu kamar kididdiga, lissafi, kimiyya, kudi, caca, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], ilmantarwa na inji, kimiyyar kwamfuta, ka'idar wasan, da [[Falsafa|falsafar]], alal misali, zana ra'ayi game da yawan abubuwan da ake tsammani. Hakanan ana amfani da ka'idar yiwuwar don bayyana ainihin injiniyoyi da daidaito na tsarin rikitarwa. == Magana == Kalmar ''yiwuwar'' ya samo [[wiktionary:probity|adalci]] ne daga Latin {{Lang|la|probabilitas}}, wanda kuma zai iya nufin "gaskiya", ma'auni na iko shaida a cikin shari'ar shari'a a Turai, kuma sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da daraja shaidar. A wata ma'ana, wannan ya bambanta da ma'anar zamani na ''yiwuwar'', wanda ya bambanta shine ma'auni na nauyin shaidar kwarewa, kuma an kai shi daga tunani mai ma'ana da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga. == Fassara == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lokacin da ake hulɗa da gwaje-gwaje na bazuwar - watau, gwaje-gaje waɗanda ke bazuwar kuma an bayyana su sosai - a cikin saitin ka'ida (kamar jefa tsabar kudi), ana iya bayyana yiwuwar ta hanyar lambobi ta yawan sakamakon da ake so, an raba su da jimlar adadin duk sakamakon. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin yiwuwar ka'ida (ba kamar yiwuwar kwarewa ba, ma'amala da yiwuwar a cikin mahallin gwaje-gwaje na ainihi). Mai yiwuwa shine lamba tsakanin 0 da 1; mafi girman yiwuwar, mafi kusantar sakamakon da ake so zai faru. Misali, jefa tsabar kudi sau biyu zai samar da sakamakon "kai-kai", "kai-kibiya", "kai", da kuma "kibiya-kibiya". Halin yiwuwar samun sakamakon "kai-kai" shine 1 daga cikin sakamako 4, ko, a cikin lambobi, 1/4, 0.25 ko 25%. Halin samun sakamako na akalla kai ɗaya shine 3 daga 4, ko 0.75, kuma wannan taron zai fi faruwa. Koyaya, idan ya zo ga aikace-aikace mai amfani, akwai manyan nau'o'i biyu masu gasa na fassarorin yiwuwar, waɗanda mabiyan su ke da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ainihin yanayin yiwuwar: * Masu son kai suna ba da lambobi don bayyana wasu manufa ko yanayin jiki. Mafi mashahuriyar fasalin yiwuwar manufa ita ce yiwuwar maimaitawa, wanda ke da'awar cewa yiwuwar wani abu na bazuwar yana nuna yawan dangi na faruwar sakamakon gwaji lokacin da aka sake maimaita gwajin har abada. Wannan fassarar tana la'akari da yiwuwar zama dangi "a cikin dogon lokaci" na sakamakon. Canjin wannan shine yiwuwar yiwuwar, wanda ke fassara yiwuwar a matsayin yanayin wasu gwaje-gwaje don samar da wani sakamako, koda kuwa an yi shi sau ɗaya kawai. * Masu ra'ayi suna ba da lambobi ta hanyar yiwuwar ra'ayi, wato, a matsayin matakin imani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Finetti |first=Bruno de |year=1970 |title=Logical foundations and measurement of subjective probability |journal=Acta Psychologica |volume=34 |pages=129–145 |doi=10.1016/0001-6918(70)90012-0}}</ref> An fassara matakin imani a matsayin "farashin da za ku saya ko siyar da fare wanda ke biyan 1 na amfani idan E, 0 idan ba E ba", <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hájek |first=Alan |date=2002-10-21 |title=Interpretations of Probability |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/probability-interpret/ |journal=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |edition=Winter 2012 |access-date=22 April 2013}}</ref> kodayake wannan fassarar ba a yarda da ita ba a duniya. Mafi mashahuriyar fasalin yiwuwar ra'ayi shine yiwuwar Bayesian, wanda ya haɗa da ƙwararren ilimin da kuma bayanan gwaji don samar da yiwuwar. Ilimin kwararru yana wakiltar wasu (subjective) yiwuwar rarraba a baya. Wadannan bayanai an haɗa su a cikin aikin yiwuwar. Samfurin da ya gabata da yiwuwar, lokacin da aka daidaita, yana haifar da Rarraba yiwuwar baya wanda ya haɗa da duk bayanan da aka sani har zuwa yau. Ta hanyar yarjejeniyar yarjejeniyar Aumann, jami'an Bayesian waɗanda imanin su na baya yayi kama da juna zai ƙare da irin wannan imanin baya. Koyaya, isasshen abubuwan da suka dace na iya haifar da yanke shawara daban-daban, ba tare da la'akari da yawan bayanan da jami'an ke raba ba. == Tarihi == Nazarin kimiyya na yiwuwar ci gaba ne na zamani na lissafi. Yin caca ya nuna cewa akwai sha'awar ƙididdigar ra'ayoyin yiwuwar a cikin tarihi, amma ainihin bayanin lissafi ya tashi daga baya. Akwai dalilai na jinkirin ci gaban lissafi na yiwuwar. Ganin cewa wasannin sa'a sun ba da gudummawa ga nazarin lissafi na yiwuwar, batutuwan da suka dace [bayanin 2] har yanzu suna ɓoyewa ta hanyar camfi. A cewar Richard Jeffrey, "Kafin tsakiyar karni na goma sha bakwai, kalmar 'mai ''yiwuwar''<nowiki/>' (Latin probabilis) tana nufin ''amincewa'', kuma an yi amfani da ita a wannan ma'anar, ta hanyar da ta dace, ga ra'ayi da aiki. Wani mataki mai yiwuwa ko ra'ayi shine kamar yadda mutane masu hankali za su yi ko riƙe, a cikin yanayin. <ref name="Jeffrey">Jeffrey, R.C., ''Probability and the Art of Judgment,'' Cambridge University Press. (1992). pp. 54–55 . {{ISBN|0-521-39459-7}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin mahallin shari'a musamman, 'mai yiwuwa'. Hakanan yana iya amfani da shawarwari waɗanda akwai kyakkyawar shaida. [[Fayil:Gerolamo Cardano, self-portrait (1501–1576).jpg|thumb|170x170px|Gerolamo Cardano (karni na 16) ]] [[Fayil:Caspar Netscher - Christiaan Huygens, the astronomer, 1671.jpg|thumb|183x183px|Christiaan Huygens ya buga ɗayan littattafai na farko game da yiwuwar (karni na 17).]] Masanin ilimin Italiyanci na ƙarni na goma sha shida Gerolamo Cardano ya nuna ingancin bayyana Rashin daidaituwa a matsayin rabo na sakamako mai kyau ga sakamako mara kyau (wanda ke nuna cewa yiwuwar wani taron an ba shi ta hanyar rabo na sakamako masu kyau ga jimlar sakamakon da za a iya samu <ref>{{Cite web |title=''Some laws and problems in classical probability and how Cardano anticipated them'' Gorrochum, P. ''Chance'' magazine 2012 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~pg2113/index_files/Gorroochurn-Some%20Laws.pdf}}</ref>). Baya ga aikin farko na Cardano, koyarwar yiwuwar ta kasance daga wasikar Pierre de Fermat da [[Blaise Pascal]] (1654). Christiaan Huygens (1657) ya ba da sanannen ilimin kimiyya na farko game da batun. Jakob Bernoulli's ''Ars Conjectandi'' (bayan mutuwarsa, 1713) da kuma Abraham de Moivre's Doctrine of Chances (1718) sun bi da batun a matsayin reshe na lissafi. Dubi Ian Hacking's The Emergence of Probability da James Franklin's The Science of Conjecture don tarihin farkon ci gaban ainihin manufar yiwuwar lissafi. Ana iya gano ka'idar kurakurai zuwa ''Opera Miscellanea'' na Roger Cotes (bayan mutuwarsa, 1722), amma wani abin tunawa da Thomas Simpson ya shirya a 1755 (an buga 1756) ya fara amfani da ka'idar don tattaunawar kurakurai na lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shoesmith |first=Eddie |date=November 1985 |title=Thomas Simpson and the arithmetic mean |journal=Historia Mathematica |language=en |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=352–355 |doi=10.1016/0315-0860(85)90044-8 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sake bugawa (1757) na wannan tarihin ya sanya axioms cewa kuskuren da ba su da kyau suna da yiwuwar daidaito, kuma wasu iyakokin da za a iya ba da su sun bayyana kewayon duk kurakurai. Simpson ya kuma tattauna kurakurai masu ci gaba kuma ya bayyana yiwuwar yiwuwar. Dokokin kuskure guda biyu na farko da aka gabatar sun samo asali ne daga Pierre-Simon Laplace . An buga dokar farko a cikin shekara ta 1774, kuma ta bayyana cewa ana iya bayyana mitar kuskure a matsayin aiki mai yawa na girman lambobi na kuskure - yin watsi da alamar. Dokar kuskure ta biyu ta gabatar a cikin 1778 ta Laplace, kuma ta bayyana cewa mitar kuskuren aiki ne mai yawa na murabba'in kuskuren. Dokar kuskure ta biyu ana kiranta rarraba ta al'ada ko dokar Gauss. "Yana da wahala a tarihi a danganta wannan dokar ga Gauss, wanda duk da sanannen sanannen saurinsa mai yiwuwa bai yi wannan binciken ba kafin ya kai shekaru biyu. "<ref name="Wilson1923" />{{Spaced en dash}} Daniel Bernoulli (1778) ya gabatar da ka'idar matsakaicin samfurin yiwuwar tsarin kurakurai na lokaci guda. [[Fayil:Bendixen_-_Carl_Friedrich_Gauß,_1828.jpg|thumb|159x159px|Carl Friedrich Gauss]] Adrien-Marie Legendre (1805) ya haɓaka hanyar mafi ƙarancin murabba'i, kuma ya gabatar da shi a cikin Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes (Sabon Hanyoyi don Tabbatar da Orbits of Comets). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seneta |first=Eugene William |title="Adrien-Marie Legendre" (version 9) |url=http://statprob.com/encyclopedia/AdrienMarieLegendre.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203070724/http://statprob.com/encyclopedia/AdrienMarieLegendre.html |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=StatProb: The Encyclopedia Sponsored by Statistics and Probability Societies}}</ref> A cikin jahilci game da gudummawar Legendre, wani marubucin Irish-Amurka, [[Robert Adrain]], editan "The Analyst" (1808), ya fara cire dokar kuskuren kuskure. <math display="block">\phi(x) = ce^{-h^2 x^2}</math> where <math>h</math> is a constant depending on precision of observation, and <math>c</math> is a scale factor ensuring that the area under the curve equals 1. He gave two proofs, the second being essentially the same as John Herschel's (1850).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2012}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]] gave the first proof that seems to have been known in Europe (the third after Adrain's) in 1809. Further proofs were given by Laplace (1810, 1812), Gauss (1823), James Ivory (1825, 1826), Hagen (1837), Friedrich Bessel (1838), W.F. Donkin (1844, 1856), and Morgan Crofton (1870). Other contributors were Ellis (1844), De Morgan (1864), Glaisher (1872), and Giovanni Schiaparelli (1875). Peters's (1856) formula  for ''r'', the probable error of a single observation, is well known. A cikin karni na sha tara, marubutan kan ka'idar gabaɗaya sun haɗa da Laplace, Sylvestre Lacroix (1816), Littrow (1833), Adolphe Quetelet (1853), Richard Dedekind (1860), Helmert (1872), Hermann Laurent (1873), Liagre, Didion da Karl Pearson. Augustus De Morgan da George Boole sun inganta bayanin ka'idar. A cikin 1906, Andrey Markov ya gabatar da ra'ayin sarkar Markov, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ka'idar tsarin stochastic da aikace-aikacenta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Richard |title=Markov Chains |url=http://www.statslab.cam.ac.uk/~rrw1/markov/M.pdf |website=Statistical Laboratory |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref> Ka'idar yiwuwar zamani ta dogara da ka'idar ma'auni ta samo asali ne daga Andrey Kolmogorov a cikin 1931. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vitanyi |first=Paul M.B. |date=1988 |title=Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov |url=http://homepages.cwi.nl/~paulv/KOLMOGOROV.BIOGRAPHY.html |journal=CWI Quarterly |issue=1 |pages=3–18 |access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref> A gefen lissafi, masu ba da gudummawa ga The Educational Times sun haɗa da Miller, Crofton, McColl, Wolstenholme, Watson, da Artemas Martin. Dubi cikakkiyar lissafi don ƙarin bayani. == Ka'idar == Kamar sauran ra'ayoyin, ka'idar yiwuwar wakilci ne na ra'ayoyinta a cikin sharuddan tsari - wato, a cikin sharudda da za a iya la'akari da su daban daga ma'anar su. Wadannan ka'idoji da aka tsara ana sarrafa su ta hanyar ka'idoji na lissafi da tunani, kuma ana fassara duk wani sakamako ko fassara shi cikin yankin matsala.{{Spaced en dash}} Akwai akalla yunkurin nasara guda biyu don tsara yiwuwar, wato tsarin Kolmogorov da tsarin Cox. A cikin tsarin Kolmogorov (duba kuma sararin yiwuwar), ana fassara saiti a matsayin abubuwan da suka faru da yiwuwar a matsayin ma'auni a kan aji na saiti. A cikin Ka'idar Cox, ana ɗaukar yiwuwar a matsayin na asali (watau, ba a ƙara nazarin shi ba), kuma an jaddada shi ne akan gina daidaitattun ƙimar yiwuwar ga shawarwari. A lokuta biyu, dokokin yiwuwar iri ɗaya ne, sai dai don cikakkun bayanai na fasaha. Akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a iya tantance rashin tabbas, kamar Ka'idar Dempster-Shafer ko Ka'idar yiwuwar, amma waɗannan sun bambanta sosai kuma ba su dace da ka'idojin yiwuwar da aka fahimta ba. == Aikace-aikacen == Ana amfani da ka'idar yiwuwar a rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin kimantawa da ƙira. Masana'antar inshora da kasuwanni suna amfani da kimiyyar lissafi don ƙayyade farashi da yanke shawara na kasuwanci. Gwamnatoci suna amfani da hanyoyin yiwuwar a cikin [[Dokar muhalli|Tsarin muhalli]], nazarin haƙƙin mallaka, da Tsarin kudi. Misali na amfani da ka'idar yiwuwar a cikin cinikayya ta daidaito shine tasirin yiwuwar duk wani rikici na Gabas ta Tsakiya a kan farashin mai, wanda ke da tasiri a cikin tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya. Binciken da mai siyar da kayayyaki ya yi cewa yaƙi zai iya aika farashin kayan sama ko ƙasa, kuma yana nuna wasu 'yan kasuwa na wannan ra'ayi. Dangane da haka, ba a tantance yiwuwar da kanta ba ko kuma ba lallai ba ne a hankali. Ka'idar halayyar kuɗi ta fito ne don bayyana tasirin irin wannan tunanin rukuni akan farashi, akan manufofi, da kuma zaman lafiya da rikici. Baya ga kimantawa na kudi, ana iya amfani da yiwuwar don nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin ilmin halitta (misali, yaduwar cututtuka) da kuma ilimin muhalli (misali), murabba'in Punnett na halitta). <ref name="Edwards_2012_2">{{Cite journal |author-link=Anthony William Fairbank Edwards |date=September 2012 |title=Reginald Crundall Punnett: First Arthur Balfour Professor of Genetics, Cambridge, 1912 |department=Perspectives |journal=[[Genetics (journal)|Genetics]] |location=Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Genetics Society of America]] |volume=192 |issue=1 |pages=3–13 |doi=10.1534/genetics.112.143552 |pmc=3430543 |pmid=22964834 |quote=[…] Punnett's square seems to have been a development of 1905, too late for the first edition of his ''Mendelism'' (May 1905) but much in evidence in ''Report III to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society'' [(Bateson et al. 1906b) "received March 16, 1906"]. The earliest mention is contained in a letter to Bateson from Francis Galton dated October 1, 1905 (Edwards 2012). We have the testimony of Bateson (1909, p. 57) that "For the introduction of this system [the 'graphic method'], which greatly simplifies difficult cases, I am indebted to Mr. Punnett." […] The first published diagrams appeared in 1906. […] when Punnett published the second edition of his ''Mendelism'', he used a slightly different format ([…] Punnett 1907, p. 45) […] In the third edition (Punnett 1911, p. 34) he reverted to the arrangement […] with a description of the construction of what he called the "chessboard" method (although in truth it is more like a multiplication table). […]}} (11 pages)</ref> Kamar yadda yake tare da kudi, ana iya amfani da kimanta haɗari azaman kayan aiki na kididdiga don lissafin yiwuwar abubuwan da ba a so su faru, kuma suna iya taimakawa tare da aiwatar da ladabi don kauce wa fuskantar irin waɗannan yanayi. Ana amfani da yiwuwar tsara wasannin sa'a don gidajen caca su iya samun tabbacin riba, duk da haka samar da biyan kuɗi ga 'yan wasan da ke da isasshen lokaci don ƙarfafa ci gaba da wasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gao |first=J.Z. |last2=Fong |first2=D. |last3=Liu |first3=X. |date=April 2011 |title=Mathematical analyses of casino rebate systems for VIP gambling |journal=International Gambling Studies |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=93–106 |doi=10.1080/14459795.2011.552575 |s2cid=144540412}}</ref> Wani muhimmin aikace-aikacen ka'idar yiwuwar a rayuwar yau da kullun shine amintacce. Yawancin samfuran mabukaci, kamar [[Mota|motoci]] da kayan lantarki na mabukaci، suna amfani da ka'idar amintacce a cikin ƙirar samfur don rage yiwuwar gazawar. Halin gazawar na iya rinjayar yanke shawara na mai ƙerawa akan garantin samfurin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorman |first=Michael F. |year=2010 |title=Management Insights |journal=Management Science |volume=56 |pages=iv–vii |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1090.1132 |doi-access=}}</ref> Misali na harshe na cache da sauran samfuran harshe na kididdiga waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin sarrafa harshe na halitta suma misalai ne na aikace-aikacen ka'idar yiwuwar. == Magani na lissafi == [[Fayil:Probability_vs_odds.svg|right|thumb|Ƙididdigar yiwuwar (hadari) vs odds]] Ka yi la'akari da gwaji wanda zai iya samar da sakamako da yawa. Tarin duk sakamakon da zai yiwu ana kiransa samfurin samfurin gwajin, wani lokacin ana nuna shi kamar haka Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } . An kafa saitin wutar lantarki na sararin samfurin ta hanyar la'akari da duk tarin daban-daban na sakamakon da zai yiwu. Misali, mirgina die na iya samar da sakamako shida. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon da zai yiwu yana ba da lambar da ba ta dace ba a kan mutuwar. Don haka, ɓangaren {1,3,5} wani bangare ne na saitin wutar lantarki na samfurin sarari dice. Wadannan tarin ana kiransu "al'amuran". A wannan yanayin, {1,3,5} shine abin da ya faru cewa mutuwar ta fadi a kan wani lamari mai ban mamaki. Idan sakamakon da ya faru ya fadi a cikin wani taron, an ce taron ya faru. Wata yiwuwar wata hanya ce ta ba da kowane taron darajar tsakanin sifili da ɗaya, tare da buƙatar cewa taron ya ƙunshi duk sakamakon da zai yiwu (a cikin misalinmu, an ba da taron {1,2,3,4,5,6}) darajar ɗaya. Don cancanta a matsayin yiwuwar, sanya dabi'u dole ne ya gamsar da abin da ake buƙata cewa don kowane tarin abubuwan da suka faru na juna (al'amuran da ba su da sakamako na kowa, kamar abubuwan da suka gabata {1,6}, {3}, da {2,4}), yiwuwar cewa aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faruwa zai faru an ba shi ta jimlar yiwuwar duk abubuwan da suka biyo baya. ''A'' rubuta yiwuwar wani abu A kamar haka P (A) {\displaystyle P (A) } ,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Weisstein |first=Eric W. |title=Probability |url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html |access-date=2020-09-10 |website=mathworld.wolfram.com |language=en}}</ref> p (A) {\displaystyle p (A) } , ko kuma Pr (A) {\displaystyle {\text{Pr}} (A) } . Wannan ma'anar lissafi na yiwuwar na iya fadada zuwa sararin samfurori marasa iyaka, har ma da sararin samfar da ba a iya lissafawa ba, ta amfani da manufar ma'auni. ''A''">''A'' h''A'' ko ''kari'' na wani taron A shine taron [ba A] (wato, taron A ba ya faruwa), sau da yawa ana nuna shi kamar yadda take A ′ , A c {\displaystyle A',A^{c}} , A ̄ , A Sanya , ¬ A {\displaystyle {\overline {A}},A^{\complement },\neg A} , ko kuma ∼ A {\displaystyle {\sim }A} <nowiki/>; yiwuwar ta ta ba da P (ba A) = {{Nowrap|1=1 − {{sfrac|1|6}} = {{sfrac|5|6}}.}} P (A). A matsayin misali, damar da ba za a mirgine shida a kan gefen gefen shida ba shine 1 - (hanzarin mirgine shida) = 1 − ⁠1/6⁠ = ⁠5/6⁠ . Don ƙarin bayani, duba Complementary event. Id''A'' ''A''B'''' biyu A da B sun faru a kan aikin gwaji guda ɗaya, ana kiran wannan haɗuwa ko yiwuwar hadin gwiwa na A da B, wanda aka nuna kamar haka P (A cikin B). {\displaystyle P (A\cap B). } <math>P(A \cap B).</math> === Abubuwan da suka faru masu zaman kansu === [[Fayil:Mutually_Exclusive_and_Non-exclusive_Probability_Events.jpg|thumb|Abubuwan da suka faru A da B da aka nuna a matsayin masu banbanci da ba masu banbancin juna ba a sararin samaniya Ω]] Id''A'' a''B'' biyu sun faru, A da B sun kasance masu zaman kansu to yiwuwar hadin gwiwa shine <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Weisstein |first=Eric W. |title=Probability |url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html |access-date=2020-09-10 |website=mathworld.wolfram.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWeisstein">Weisstein, Eric W. [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html "Probability"]. ''mathworld.wolfram.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> P (A) da kuma B) = P (A) = P. {\displaystyle P (A{\mbox{ da }}B) =P (A\cap B) =P, A) P (B). } Misali, idan an juya tsabar kudi biyu, to damar zama kawuna biyu shine 1 2 × 1 2 <nowiki/>= 1 4 . {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}\times {\tfraz {1} {2}}={\tfrac{1}{4}} . } === Abubuwan da suka faru na juna === Id''A'' ko dai a''B'' da ya faru A ko abin da ya gabata B zai iya faruwa amma ba duka biyu ba a lokaci guda, to ana kiran su abubuwan da suka faru na juna. Idan abubuwa biyu sun bambanta da juna, to yiwuwar ''duka biyun'' suna faruwa kamar haka P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\cap B) } da kuma P (A) da kuma B) = P (Abin B) = 0 {\displaystyle P (A{\mbox{ da }}B) =P (A\cap B) =0} Idan abubuwa biyu sun bambanta da juna, to yiwuwar ''ko dai'' ya faru kamar haka P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\cup B) } da kuma P (A) ko kuma B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A" + P (A, 0 = P (B") {\displaystyle P (A{\mbox{ ko }}B) =P (A\cup B) =P, +P (B) -P (A \cap B) = P (A) +P (P) -0=P (A) +P (B). <math display="block">P(A\mbox{ or }B) = P(A \cup B)= P(A) + P(B) - P(A \cap B) = P(A) + P(B) - 0 = P(A) + P(B)</math> Misali, damar da za a yi amfani da 1 ko 2 a kan gefen gefen shida shine P (1 ko kuma 2) = P (1) + P (2) = 1 6 + 1 6 <nowiki/>= 1 3 . {\displaystyle P (1{\mbox{ ko }}2) =P (1) +P (2) ={\tfrac {1}{6}}+{\tfrak {1} {6}}={\tflak {1}. } <math>P(1\mbox{ or }2) = P(1) + P(2) = \tfrac{1}{6} + \tfrac{1}{6} = \tfrac{1}{3}.</math> === Ba (ya zama dole) abubuwan da suka faru na juna ba === Idan abubuwan da suka faru ba su da alaƙa da juna to P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) A ko kuma B ) <nowiki/>= P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) A da kuma B ) . {\displaystyle P\left (A{\hbox{ ko }}B\right) =P (A\cup B) =P\left, A\right) +P\lept (B\right). } An sake rubuta shi, P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) {\displaystyle P\left (A\cup B\right) =P\left, A\right) +P\lett (B\right) -P\lept (A\cap B\right). <math display="block"> P\left( A\cup B\right) =P\left( A\right) +P\left( B\right) -P\left( A\cap B\right) </math> Misali, lokacin da ka zana katin daga katunan katunan katako, damar samun zuciya ko katin fuska (J, Q, K) (ko duka biyun) shine 13 52 + 12 52 - 3 52 <nowiki/>= 11 26 , {\displaystyle {\tfrac {13}{52}}+{\tfrac{12}{52}},-{\tfrak {3}{52}={\tfranc {11}{26}},} tunda daga cikin katunan 52 na bene, 13 sune zukata, 12 sune katunan fuska, kuma 3 duka biyu ne: a nan yiwuwar da aka haɗa a cikin "3 da suke duka biyu" an haɗa su a cikin kowane ɗayan "zuciya 13" da "katunan fuska 12", amma ya kamata a ƙidaya sau ɗaya kawai. Ana iya fadada wannan don abubuwa da yawa da ba su da mahimmanci ga juna. Ga abubuwan da suka faru guda uku, wannan ya ci gaba kamar haka: P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanya B C ) <nowiki/>= P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) C.E. ) <nowiki/>= P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) C.E. ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) Sanya (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) - (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) + P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) Sanya (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) ) ) P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanya B C ) <nowiki/>= P (A) + P (B) + P (C) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B B B B ) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sashin C ) - P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) B Sanya C ) + P (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanya B C ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aiki}P\hagu (A\cup B\dama) =&P\hagu) \cap&P\ hagu (\hagu) \cap\hagu) (\hagu\dama) \cap\dama (\dama) (\ga dama\\ga dama) \cap/ga dama\C\ga dama (\ga) \capcap&P/ga dama) \ga\ga dama Ana iya ganin, to, cewa ana iya maimaita wannan tsari don kowane adadi na abubuwan da suka faru. === Halin yiwuwar === ''A''"><''A'' class="cx-link" data-linkid="473" href="./Conditional_pro''''B''''" id="mwAcI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Conditional probability">Halin yiwuwar yanayi shine yiwuwar wani abu A, idan aka ba da faruwar wani abu B. An rubuta yiwuwar yanayi P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\mid B) } , kuma ana karantawa "hawancin A, an ba da B". An bayyana shi ta hanyar <math display="block">P(A \mid B) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(B)}\,</math> Idan P (B) = 0 {\displaystyle P (B) =0} sa'an nan P (A cikin B) {\displaystyle P (A\mid B) } Ba a bayyana shi ba ta wannan magana. A wannan yanayin A {\displaystyle A} da kuma B {\displaystyle B} suna da 'yanci, tun lokacin da P (A) = P (A), P (B) = 0. {\displaystyle P (A\cap B) =P (A) P (B) =0. } Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a ayyana yiwuwar yanayi don wasu abubuwan da suka faru, misali ta hanyar amfani da σ-algebra na irin waɗannan abubuwan (kamar waɗanda ke tasowa daga ci gaba mai canzawa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conditional probability with respect to a sigma-algebra |url=https://www.statlect.com/fundamentals-of-probability/conditional-probability-as-a-random-variable |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=statlect.com}}</ref> Misali, a cikin jaka na 2 jan balls da 2 blue balls (4 balls a duka), yiwuwar ɗaukar jan ball ne 1 / 2 <nowiki>;</nowiki> {\displaystyle 1/2;} Duk da haka, lokacin da ake ɗaukar kwallon na biyu, yiwuwar zama ko dai jan ko blue ball ya dogara da kwallon da aka ɗauka a baya. Misali, idan an dauki jan ball, to yiwuwar sake karbar jan ball zai kasance 1 / 3 , {\displaystyle 1/3,} tunda kawai 1 ja da 2 blue balls zasu kasance sun rage. Kuma idan an dauki kwallon shuɗi a baya, yiwuwar daukar jan kwallon zai kasance 2 / 3. {\displaystyle 2/3.} <math>2/3.</math> === Da yiwuwar baya === A cikin Ka'idar yiwuwar da aikace-aikace, dokar Bayes ta danganta rashin daidaito na taron A 1 {\displaystyle A_{1}} zuwa taron A 2 , {\displaystyle A_{2},} kafin (kafin) da kuma bayan (bayan) yanayin a wani taron B. {\displaystyle B.} Rashin daidaituwa A 1 {\displaystyle A_{1}} zuwa taron A 2 {\displaystyle A_{2}} shine kawai rabo na yiwuwar abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu. Lokacin da abubuwa da yawa suka faru A {\displaystyle A} suna da ban sha'awa, ba kawai biyu ba, ana iya sake fasalin dokar kamar yadda baya ya dace da lokutan da suka gabata. P (A) Sanyawa B) Sanya P (B) Sanyawa A) {\displaystyle P (A negB) \propto P (A) P (B negA) } inda alamar daidaito tana nufin cewa gefen hagu daidai yake da (watau, daidai yake da lokaci) gefen dama kamar yadda A {\displaystyle A} ya bambanta, don daidaitawa ko bayarwa B {\displaystyle B} (Lee, 2012; Bertsch McGrayne, 2012). A cikin wannan nau'in ya koma Laplace (1774) da Cournot (1843); duba Fienberg (2005). === Taƙaitaccen yiwuwar === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;" |+Taƙaitaccen yiwuwar ! scope="col" |Abin da ya faru ! scope="col" |Mai yiwuwa |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |A |<math>P(A)\in[0,1]</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |ba A ba |<math>P(A^\complement)=1-P(A)\,</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |A ko B |<math>\begin{align} P(A\cup B) & = P(A)+P(B)-P(A\cap B) \\ P(A\cup B) & = P(A)+P(B) \qquad\mbox{if A and B are mutually exclusive} \\ \end{align}</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |A da B |<math>\begin{align} P(A\cap B) & = P(A|B)P(B) = P(B|A)P(A)\\ P(A\cap B) & = P(A)P(B) \qquad\mbox{if A and B are independent}\\ \end{align}</math> |- ! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |An ba da B |<math>P(A \mid B) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(B)} = \frac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B)} \,</math> |} == Dangantaka da bazuwar da yiwuwar a cikin injiniyan lissafi == A cikin sararin samaniya mai mahimmanci, bisa ga ra'ayoyin Newtonian, ba za a sami yiwuwar ba idan an san dukkan yanayi (Aljanin Laplace) (amma akwai yanayi inda hankali ga yanayin farko ya wuce ikonmu na auna su, watau sanin su). A cikin yanayin motar roulette, idan an san ƙarfin hannu da lokacin wannan ƙarfin, lambar da kwallon za ta tsaya za ta zama tabbatacciya (ko da yake a matsayin al'amari mai amfani, wannan zai iya zama gaskiya ne kawai game da motar roulette wanda ba a daidaita shi daidai ba - kamar yadda Thomas A. Bass' Newtonian Casino ya bayyana). Wannan kuma yana ɗaukar ilimin inertia da friction na motar, nauyi, santsi, da kuma zagaye na kwallon, bambance-bambance a cikin saurin hannu yayin juyawa, da sauransu. Bayani mai yiwuwa zai iya zama da amfani fiye da injiniyoyin Newtonian don nazarin tsarin sakamakon maimaitawa na motar roulette. Masana kimiyyar lissafi suna fuskantar irin wannan halin da ake ciki ''a cikin ka'ida'' kinetic na iskar gas, inda tsarin, yayin da yake da ƙayyadewa a ka'idar, yana da rikitarwa sosai (tare da yawan kwayoyin yawanci tsari na girman Avogadro mai ɗorewa {{Val|6.02}}) cewa kawai bayanin ƙididdigar dukiyarsa zai yiwu. Ana buƙatar Ka'idar yiwuwar don bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Binciken juyin juya hali na farkon karni na 20 shine halin bazuwar duk matakai na zahiri da ke faruwa a ma'auni na atom kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar dokokin injiniya. Ayyukan raƙuman ruwa suna canzawa ta hanyar ƙaddara amma, bisa ga Fassarar Copenhagen, yana hulɗa da yiwuwar lura, sakamakon da aka bayyana ta hanyar rushewar aikin raƙuman raƙuman lokacin da aka yi kallo. Koyaya, asarar ƙaddara don kare kayan aiki bai sadu da amincewar duniya ba. [[Albert Einstein]] ya yi magana a cikin wata wasika ga Max Born: "Na gamsu cewa Allah ba ya wasa da dice". Kamar Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, wanda ya gano aikin raƙuman ruwa, ya yi imanin cewa quantum mechanics kusanci ne na kididdiga ƙididdiga na ainihin Gaskiya. A wasu fassarori na zamani na ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na ma'auni, ana kiran ƙididdigat ƙididdigal don lissafin bayyanar sakamakon gwaji na ra'ayi. == Dubi kuma ==  <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Ba zato ba tsammani * Daidaitawa daidai * Rashin fahimta * Heuristic (halayyar mutum) == Bayani ==   == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Bayanan littattafai == * Kallenberg, O. (2005) Mai yiwuwa Symmetries da Invariance Principles. Springer-Verlag, New York. 510 shafi na &nbsp;{{ISBN|0-387-25115-4}} * Kallenberg, O. (2002) ''Tushen yiwuwar zamani,'' 2nd ed. Springer Series a cikin Kididdiga. 650 shafi na &nbsp;{{ISBN|0-387-95313-2}} * Olofsson, Peter (2005) Mai yiwuwa, Kididdiga, da Tsarin Stochastic, Wiley-Interscience. 504 shafi na .{{ISBN|0-471-67969-0}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/ Gidan gwaje-gwaje na kama-da-wane a cikin yiwuwar da kididdiga (Univ. na Ala.-Huntsville)] *   * Probability a kanA Zamaninmua cikinBBC * [http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/EBook Mai yiwuwa da Kididdiga EBook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216153436/http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/EBook |date=2008-12-16 }} * Edwin Thompson Jaynes. ''Ka'idar yiwuwar: Ma'anar Kimiyya'' . Preprint: Jami'ar Washington, (1996). - [https://web.archive.org/web/20160119131820/http://omega.albany.edu:8008/JaynesBook.html Lissafin HTML tare da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa fayilolin PostScript] da [http://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/prob/book.pdf PDF] (surori uku na farko) * [http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/Figures.htm Mutanen daga Tarihin yiwuwar da Kididdiga (Univ. na Southampton)] * [http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/Probability%20Earliest%20Uses.htm Mai yiwuwa da Kididdiga a kan Shafukan Amfani da Farko (Univ. na Southampton)] * [http://jeff560.tripod.com/stat.html Amfani da Alamomi na Farko a cikin Mai yiwuwa da Kididdiga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630173713/http://jeff560.tripod.com/stat.html |date=2017-06-30 }} akan Amfani da alamomi daban-daban na lissafi[http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html Amfani da Farko na Alamomin Lissafi daban-daban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220073955/http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html |date=2016-02-20 }} * [http://www.celiagreen.com/charlesmccreery/statistics/bayestutorial.pdf Koyarwa game da yiwuwar da Bayes' theorem da aka tsara don ɗaliban Jami'ar Oxford na shekara ta farko] * [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/book.html Gabatarwa ga Mai yiwuwa - eBook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727200156/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/book.html |date=2011-07-27 }} An adana 27 Yuli 2011 a , na Charles Grinstead, Laurie Snell [https://bitbucket.org/shabbychef/numas_text/ Tushen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325135243/https://bitbucket.org/shabbychef/numas_text/ |date=2012-03-25 }} An adana Wayback Engine '' (GNU Free Documentation License) '' * (a cikin Turanci da Italiyanci) [[Bruno de Finetti]], ''[http://amshistorica.unibo.it/35 Probabilità da induzione] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408012019/http://amshistorica.unibo.it/35 |date=2013-04-08 }}'', Bologna, CLUEB, 1993. (digital version) {{ISBN|88-8091-176-7}} * [https://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_06.html Richard Feynman's Lecture on probability.] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g58nxf8rcxe65k663vzn82vzyf9phdz 0 53603 970529 606941 2026-10-22T23:44:07Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Newman Walter Edward - geograph.org.uk - 1620949.jpg|thumb|kabarin edward ]] '''Thomas Edward Walter''' (an Haife shi a watan Oktoba 30, 1970) mawaƙin Ba'amurke ne kuma marubucin mawaƙa, wanda aka fi sani da madadin rukunin rock ɗinsa, '''Waɗanda aka bari''', da kuma kasancewa tsohon bassist kuma ɗaya daga cikin membobin Eels . == Shekaru na farko da Eels == Tommy Walter ya girma a kauyen Westlake . Mahaifinsa matukin jirgin sama ne; mahaifiyarsa mai hidima. Mahaifinsa ya fito daga [[Kanada]], kuma yana kusan 47 lokacin da aka haifi Tommy. Ya girma a cikin gida mai ƙanƙanta, matsakaita. Ya fara buga bass tun yana ƙarami, kuma an horar da shi bisa ƙa'idar ƙahon Faransa a kwaleji. Ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin California, sannan Jami'ar Pacific ta biyo baya. Ya fara koyar da ka'idar kiɗan gargajiya, kuma ya yi aiki tare da mawakan yankin [[Los Angeles]] na gida. Ya sadu da mawaƙi-mawaƙi Mark Oliver Everett (wanda aka sani da E), da Butch Norton kuma ya kafa Eels. Kafin kafuwar su, E ya riga ya fitar da faifai guda biyu da kansa, a ƙarƙashin sunan sa na harafi ɗaya, kuma an yanke sunan su don a sanya kiɗan su kusa da ayyukan solo na E. Duk da haka, a baya sun fahimci cewa akwai makada da za a sanya a tsakanin, irin su Eagles . Haɗin gwiwarsu ya haifar da gyare-gyaren waƙoƙin da E ya rubuta a baya, da kuma ƙirƙirar sababbin abubuwa. Sun fito da kundi na farko, ''Beautiful Freak'', a cikin 1996. Koyaya, bayan shekara guda na yawon shakatawa, Walter ya bar ƙungiyar. A cikin wata hira, ya bayyana rashin gamsuwa da halin E, da kuma asarar adadin abubuwan shigar da Butch da kansa suka yi kafin nasarar Kyakkyawan Freak. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira Metromax. Ba da daɗewa ba suka canza suna zuwa Tely, kuma sun fitar da wani kundi ta Intanet. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ba ta sami nasara mai yawa ba, kuma nan da nan ta samo asali zuwa aikin solo na Walter, Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Walter. == Tarihi == === ''Dan Adam'' (2001-2004) === Walter, ta yin amfani da sababbin kayan aiki, da kuma waƙoƙi da dama da ya yi aiki a baya a cikin Tely da Metromax, ya haɗa, rubutawa, kuma ya saki kundin solo, ''Humanistic'', a cikin 2001 akan Extasy Records . Yayin da suke zama ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙirƙira a bayan aikin, sauran mawaƙa sun ba da gudummawa ga aikin, kamar Angie Hart na Frente!, wanda ya rera waƙoƙin goyan baya zuwa "Farawa," "Run Your Life," "Ranar Sunny," da "Seed." Ko da yake aikin solo ne, ya ɗauki ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa, wanda ke nuna Leah Randi da Bryan Head suna cika matsayi na bassist da mai ganga, bi da bi. Suna da balaguron nasara da yawa, suna tafiya a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma suna kan layi tare da ayyuka irin su Garbage, A Perfect Circle da Lenny Kravitz . Sun kuma bayyana akan ''The Late Late Show tare da Craig Kilborn'' da kuma bidiyo guda biyu, " Mercy Kiss ", da "The Remedy", an fito da su. Monster, wani bidiyo, ya ƙunshi hotuna da aka ɗauka yayin yawon buɗe ido, amma ba a sake shi ba tsawon shekaru, ta gidan yanar gizon MTV. A cikin 2002 sun yi waƙar jigon don ɗan gajeren lokaci na Teletoon (kuma ana watsa shi akan MTV ) jerin rayayye na ''Clone High'', wanda ake kira '''waƙar ''Clone High'' theme''' . Ana iya jin yawancin waƙoƙinsu a bayan fage yayin wasan kwaikwayon. Walter kuma ya bayyana kansa a cikin ɗan gajeren bayyanar a cikin wasan karshe, " Canje-canje: Kuna Samun Prom Wit Dat? " . Bayan MTV ya jefar da ''Clone High'', duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta dakatar da yawon shakatawa. === ''Makamai zuwa Hakora'' (2005-2007) === Yayin da yake ci gaba da tuntuɓar magoya bayansa da kuma kula da cat ɗinsa mara lafiya, Iggy, Walter ya fara aiki a kan kayan a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, yana shirin sakin wani kundi. Bayan da dangantakarsa ta kai ga ƙarshe, Universal ta ɗauke shi, kuma ya rubuta waƙa da yawa don kundin sa na gaba, yana ambaton rayuwarsa ta sirri, da kuma siyasa, a matsayin babban abin da ya sa ya yi farin ciki. Haɗin kai tare da Bryan Head sau ɗaya kuma ya kawo mawaƙi Sean Woolstenhulme, Walter ya fara aiki a 2004 don yin rikodin kundi na gaba. A cikin Yuni 2005 sun fito da EP, wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan waƙoƙi daga sabon kundin tare da b-sides da demos, mai suna ''Reverb EP'' . Wannan ya biyo bayan cikakken kundin, ''Armed to the Teeth'', a cikin Satumba 2005 A cikin Janairu 2006, Walter ya rubuta a cikin mujallarsa ta kan layi cewa Universal Records ya daina inganta kundin. Daga baya ya bar lakabin, yana mai lura da cewa Waɗanda aka watsar sun sake zama aikin mutum ɗaya. Tun daga lokacin ya ƙirƙiri ayyukan gefe guda biyu-Glacier Hiking, madadin dutsen band, da Oliver the Penguin, aikin lantarki. === ''Babban Kudi'' (2011-2012) === A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2011, Waɗanda aka yi watsi da su sun fito da waƙar "A cikin Silence", ana samun su a duk shagunan dijital, a matsayin na farko daga kundi mai zuwa ''Sublime Currency'' . A Yuni 7, 2011, na biyu guda, "Marigolds" da aka saki a duk dijital Stores. A ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2012, Waɗanda aka yi watsi da su sun bayyana cewa sun sanya hannu kan sabon lakabin rikodin, Haƙori &amp;amp; Nail Records, kuma za a fitar da ''Sublime Currency'' a ƙarƙashin wannan lakabin. Sun kuma ambata cewa za a bayyana ranar fito da albam na uku "nan ba da jimawa ba". An bayyana a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2012, cewa ''Babban Kuɗin'' zai ƙunshi waƙoƙi 11. A ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2012, an bayyana cewa za a saki ''Sublime Currency'' a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 2012, kuma an nuna zane-zane na ƙarshe na kundin. A ranar 26 ga Yuli, 2012, an fara waƙar taken kundin akan gidan yanar gizon Alternative Press '. A ranar 14 ga Agusta, 2012, an fitar da waƙar bisa hukuma a matsayin kundi na uku. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=AbandonedPools|title=New @AbandonedPools single available today:<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. -->|access-date=2012-10-25|date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> Washegari, waƙar "Ba a karanta ba" an yi kyauta don saukewa akan gidan yanar gizon RCRD LBL . A ranar 22 ga Agusta, 2012, waƙar "Behemoth" ta fara kan gidan yanar gizon CMJ . An saki ''Sublime Currency'' a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 2012, kuma an fitar da bidiyon kiɗan na "Maɗaukakin Kuɗi" guda ɗaya a kan Satumba 7. === ''Somnambulist'' (2013) === A Yuni 6, 2013, da watsi Pools [[Twitter]] asusun ya sanar da cewa band ta gaba LP, mai suna ''Somnambulist'', za a saki a Yuli 2, 2013. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=AbandonedPools|title=The new Abandoned Pools album "Somnambulist" will be released on July 2nd.<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. -->|access-date=2013-06-07|date=June 6, 2013}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, an sanar da cewa za a jinkirta album ɗin da mako guda, kuma a maimakon haka za a sake shi a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2013. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=AbandonedPools|title=Due to a technical problem, the release of the new album 'Somnambulist' will be delayed one week. It will now be out July 9th.<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. -->|access-date=2013-07-08|date=June 25, 2013}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2013, Tafkunan da aka watsar sun fitar da murfin waƙar [[Kirsimeti]] " Noel Farko " ta cikin kundi na ''Hype Music Presents Holidays, Vol. 1'' . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=AbandonedPools|title=Abandoned Pools recording of "The First Noel" now available via iTunes and Amazon. Merry Christmas.<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. -->|access-date=2013-12-01|date=November 26, 2013}}</ref> === Album na 5 mai zuwa === A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2021, Walter ya fito da kamfen na Kickstarter don yin yuwuwar kundi na 5, shekaru 8 bayan kundi na ƙarshe, Somnambulist, saboda labaran da ke bayyana cewa farfaɗowar MTV's ''Clone High'' yana kan haɓakawa, za a sake shi akan HBO Max . Kickstarter ya haɗa da bidiyo wanda ke ƙunshe da nunin faifan sauti na waƙoƙin da za a yi rikodin kundi. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya yi nasara samun jimlar $43,782 daga masu goyon bayan 486. Sa'an nan, bayan wata daya zai ci gaba da canja wurin yakin zuwa Indiegogo . Nasarar ta ci gaba kuma yaƙin neman zaɓe ya samu zuwa jimlar $44,606 daga masu goyon bayan 498. == Solo == A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2020, Walter ya fito da kundi na kayan aiki ''Supraliminal'' akan lakabin Kiɗa na Matsayi. <ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1288542002313715715|user=TommyWalter|title=New album of instrumental music, SUPRALIMINAL, out today via @PositionMusic. Artwork by @meatoes. #music #filmscore…<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. -->|date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> == Hotuna == === Eels === {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align:center;" |Bayanin Album |- | align="left" | '''''Kyawawan Freak''''' * An Sabunta: Agusta 13, 1996 * Label: DreamWorks Records * Singles: " Novocaine don Soul "," Gidan Susan ", "Rags zuwa Rags", " Ranar Sa'ar ku a Jahannama ", "Kyakkyawan Freak" |} === Waɗanda Aka Yashe === '''Cikakken tsayi''' [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p4a2r2s37dzt11x30f27w49z5bfzeqi 0 59762 970478 776161 2026-10-22T21:15:35Z Salma Raddah 45959 970478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ishrat Afreen''' (madadin rubutun kalmomi: '''Ishrat Aafreen''' ; an haife ta ashirin da biyar ga watan 25 Disamba shekara 1956) mawaƙin [[Urdu]] ne. An fassara ayyukanta a cikin yaruka da yawa ciki har da Ingilishi, Jafananci, [[Sanskrit]] da [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi.]]Mawakan ghazal Jagjit Singh & Chitra Singh suma sun yi wakokinta a cikin tarihin tarihinsu, ''Beyond Time'' (1987). Zia Mohyeddin kuma yana karanta nazms dinta a cikin kundinsa na goma sha bakwai 17 da na ashirin 20 da kuma wasannin kide-kide da ya gudana. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An fara buga ta tana da shekaru 14 a cikin ''Daily Jang'' a ranar talatin da daya 31 ga watan Afrilu shekaru 1971. </link> Ta ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce kuma an buga ta a cikin ɗimbin mujallu na wallafe-wallafe a Indiya da Pakistan. Daga karshe ta zama mataimakiyar editan mujallar ''Awaaz'' na wata-wata, wadda mawaƙiya Fahmida Riaz ta shirya. Daidai da aikinta na rubuce-rubuce ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen rediyo da yawa a Rediyon Pakistan daga shekara 1970 – zuwa shekara 1984 waɗanda aka watsa a cikin ƙasa da ma duniya baki ɗaya. Daga baya ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Mirza Jamil akan rubutun Noori Nastaliq Urdu na InPage a yanzu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}</link> Ishrat Afreen a halin yanzu ita ce Babban Malami na Urdu na Jami'ar Texas a Shirin Hindu Urdu Flagship na Austin. == Ilimi == Afreen ta yi karatun digiri na farko a Kwalejin Allama Iqbal Govt Karachi sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Urdu daga Jami'ar Karachi, Pakistan.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}</link>Ta kuma koyar a Makarantar Aga {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}</link> == Labarai == Afreen ta buga tarin wakoki guda biyu masu suna ''Kunj Peeleh Poolon Ka shekara'' (1985) da ''Dhoop Apne Hisse Ki'' (2005). Daga cikin wasu, an haɗa ta a cikin babban littafin tarihin ''Mu Mata Masu Zunubi'' <ref>Ahmed, Rukhsana. Women's Press London, 1991.</ref> kuma ta yi wahayi zuwa ga sanannun tarihin ''Ƙira Bayan Imani: Waƙar Urdu na Mata na zamani''.<ref>ASR Publications, 1990. Lahore, Pakistan.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fpzsxrpny2w8g67emenydjzf17jnz22 0 62148 970535 967720 2026-10-23T04:40:31Z Hamza DK 12444 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379683950|Emeka Ani]]" 970535 wikitext text/x-wiki   Emeka Ani listenⓘ ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, furodusa, kuma darektan. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 2021, ya nemi kudade da tallafi don biyan kuɗin asibiti da ci gaba da kula da lafiya bayan bugun jini.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2021 |title=Ailing Nollywood actor, Emeka Ani, seeks help {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170354/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya karbi [[naira]] miliyan shida daga jagoran addini Jeremiah Fufeyin . == Hotunan fina-finai == * Maƙaryaci (1998) a matsayin Malibe * Karishika II (1999) a matsayin shugaban addini * ''[[Issakaba]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * Abuja Connection (2003) a matsayin Bitrus * Desperate Billionaire (2005) a matsayin mai ruhaniya * Kissing the Wind (2006) * Nursina ta Amurka (2006) a matsayin Obasanjo * Macijin Yarinya (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja * ''The Snake Girl II (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja'' * ''Macijin a Aljanna (2006) '' * ''Macijin a cikin Aljanna II (2006) '' * ''Babu Ƙaunar II (2007) a matsayin Mai Girma'' * 666 (Ka kula da Ƙarshen Yana Hannu) 1 & 2 (2007) a matsayin Lucifer * Ikilisiya a kan Wuta 1 & 2 (2008) * ''Okoto Manzo'' (2011) a matsayin Mista Okorie * ''Kuskuren Iyali'' * ''Wani lokaci a watan Yuli'' (2018) a matsayin Lt. Col. Odogwu * ''Ogbo Nke Ajuala'' (2020) a matsayin Ajuala == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2138267}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dths2ta0dw3n4sj3gbitxkgjujxicm8 970536 970535 2026-10-23T04:41:47Z Hamza DK 12444 970536 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Emeka Ani listenⓘ ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, furodusa, kuma darektan. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 2021, ya nemi kudade da tallafi don biyan kuɗin asibiti da ci gaba da kula da lafiya bayan bugun jini.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2021 |title=Ailing Nollywood actor, Emeka Ani, seeks help {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170354/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya karbi [[naira]] miliyan shida daga jagoran addini Jeremiah Fufeyin . == Hotunan fina-finai == * Maƙaryaci (1998) a matsayin Malibe * Karishika II (1999) a matsayin shugaban addini * ''[[Issakaba]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * Abuja Connection (2003) a matsayin Bitrus * Desperate Billionaire (2005) a matsayin mai ruhaniya * Kissing the Wind (2006) * Nursina ta Amurka (2006) a matsayin Obasanjo * Macijin Yarinya (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja * ''The Snake Girl II (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja'' * ''Macijin a Aljanna (2006) '' * ''Macijin a cikin Aljanna II (2006) '' * ''Babu Ƙaunar II (2007) a matsayin Mai Girma'' * 666 (Ka kula da Ƙarshen Yana Hannu) 1 & 2 (2007) a matsayin Lucifer * Ikilisiya a kan Wuta 1 & 2 (2008) * ''Okoto Manzo'' (2011) a matsayin Mista Okorie * ''Kuskuren Iyali'' * ''Wani lokaci a watan Yuli'' (2018) a matsayin Lt. Col. Odogwu * ''Ogbo Nke Ajuala'' (2020) a matsayin Ajuala == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2138267}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] afyftik6d9rzx1y2lwzhnxsk1kr02dr 970537 970536 2026-10-23T04:42:27Z Hamza DK 12444 970537 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} ''' Emeka Ani''' listenⓘ ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, furodusa, kuma darektan. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 2021, ya nemi kudade da tallafi don biyan kuɗin asibiti da ci gaba da kula da lafiya bayan bugun jini.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2021 |title=Ailing Nollywood actor, Emeka Ani, seeks help {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170354/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya karbi [[naira]] miliyan shida daga jagoran addini Jeremiah Fufeyin . == Hotunan fina-finai == * Maƙaryaci (1998) a matsayin Malibe * Karishika II (1999) a matsayin shugaban addini * ''[[Issakaba]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * Abuja Connection (2003) a matsayin Bitrus * Desperate Billionaire (2005) a matsayin mai ruhaniya * Kissing the Wind (2006) * Nursina ta Amurka (2006) a matsayin Obasanjo * Macijin Yarinya (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja * ''The Snake Girl II (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja'' * ''Macijin a Aljanna (2006) '' * ''Macijin a cikin Aljanna II (2006) '' * ''Babu Ƙaunar II (2007) a matsayin Mai Girma'' * 666 (Ka kula da Ƙarshen Yana Hannu) 1 & 2 (2007) a matsayin Lucifer * Ikilisiya a kan Wuta 1 & 2 (2008) * ''Okoto Manzo'' (2011) a matsayin Mista Okorie * ''Kuskuren Iyali'' * ''Wani lokaci a watan Yuli'' (2018) a matsayin Lt. Col. Odogwu * ''Ogbo Nke Ajuala'' (2020) a matsayin Ajuala == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2138267}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bf0f1erh2l5oh5x0rv8f15ggi7zft8j 970538 970537 2026-10-23T04:42:50Z Hamza DK 12444 970538 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Emeka Ani''' listenⓘ ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, furodusa, kuma darektan. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 2021, ya nemi kudade da tallafi don biyan kuɗin asibiti da ci gaba da kula da lafiya bayan bugun jini.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2021 |title=Ailing Nollywood actor, Emeka Ani, seeks help {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110170354/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/440395-ailing-nollywood-actor-emeka-ani-seeks-help.html |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya karbi [[naira]] miliyan shida daga jagoran addini Jeremiah Fufeyin . == Hotunan fina-finai == * Maƙaryaci (1998) a matsayin Malibe * Karishika II (1999) a matsayin shugaban addini * ''[[Issakaba]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * Abuja Connection (2003) a matsayin Bitrus * Desperate Billionaire (2005) a matsayin mai ruhaniya * Kissing the Wind (2006) * Nursina ta Amurka (2006) a matsayin Obasanjo * Macijin Yarinya (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja * ''The Snake Girl II (2006) a matsayin Ogbakaja'' * ''Macijin a Aljanna (2006) '' * ''Macijin a cikin Aljanna II (2006) '' * ''Babu Ƙaunar II (2007) a matsayin Mai Girma'' * 666 (Ka kula da Ƙarshen Yana Hannu) 1 & 2 (2007) a matsayin Lucifer * Ikilisiya a kan Wuta 1 & 2 (2008) * ''Okoto Manzo'' (2011) a matsayin Mista Okorie * ''Kuskuren Iyali'' * ''Wani lokaci a watan Yuli'' (2018) a matsayin Lt. Col. Odogwu * ''Ogbo Nke Ajuala'' (2020) a matsayin Ajuala == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2138267}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] e8a7pnwcb6wx6sluo58rdurkv4kfkzt 0 74706 970567 578493 2026-10-23T09:31:45Z Nura Bello 24854 970567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mmabatho Mogomotsi.jpg|thumb|Mmabatho Mogomotsi]] [[Fayil:Mmabatho Mogomotsi, Drama Therapist, Actress, Executive Producer 2.jpg|thumb|Mmabatho Mogomotsi]] '''Mmabatho Mogomotsi''' yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma marubucin rubutu a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joburgtv Management |url=https://www.joburgtv.tv/about/republish/ |access-date=2021-11-27 |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127165834/https://www.joburgtv.tv/about/republish/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar; ''Toka zuwa toka'', ''Hillside'', ''Ingozi'', ''Da daji'' da ''Yizo Yizo'' . <ref name="biography">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-14 |title=Biography of Mmabatho Mogomotsi |url=https://southafricaportal.com/mmabatho-mogomotsi/ |access-date=2021-11-27 |website=South Africa Portal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="roles">{{Cite web |title=Landing the mother of all comeback roles |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/landing-the-mother-of-all-comeback-roles-1825598 |access-date=2021-11-27 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin wasan kwaikwayo daga Jami'ar Witwatersrand . <ref name="mlasa">{{Cite web |title=Mmabatho Mogomotsi |url=https://mlasa.com/actors/mmabatho-mogomotsi/ |access-date=2021-11-27 |website=MLASA |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127171336/https://mlasa.com/actors/mmabatho-mogomotsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya biyu ce. == Sana'a == A cikin shekara ta 1999, ta shiga tare da jerin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC1 ''Yizo Yizo'' kuma ta taka rawar "Snowey". Bayan samun karbuwa saboda rawar da ta taka, ta ci gaba da taka rawa har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta uku a shekara ta 2004. Bayan haka, ta bayyana a karo na biyu na tsarin 'yan sanda ''Zero Tolerance'' tare da rawar "Sonia".<ref name="TVSA">{{Cite web |title=Mmabatho Mogomotsi: TVSA |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=8149&sr=1 |access-date=2021-11-27 |website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, ta taka rawar "Botshelo" a cikin fim din 'Heartlines' ''The Other Woman'' . A halin yanzu, ta kuma fito a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na likitanci ''na Hillside'' tare da rawar "Harriet Khanyi", inda ta ci gaba da taka rawa har zuwa shekarar 2008. Baya ga haka, ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar; ''Dark Mala'iku'', ''Rarrabe'', ''Zuwa gida'', ''Mponeng'', ''Ketare Layi'' da ''Izoso Connexion'' . <ref name="TVSA"/> A shekara ta 2008, ta yi aiki a cikin fim din Mafrika ta hanyar taka rawar "Head Nurse Maria". A cikin 2009, ta shiga yanayi na biyu na SABC2 wasan kwaikwayo serial 90 Plein Street . A halin da ake ciki, ta shiga tare da shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu guda biyu: a matsayin "Moipone" a Muvhango da kuma "Tshego Tselapedi" a cikin garin Rhythm .<ref name="TVSA"/> A cikin shekarar 2015, ta taka rawar "Magistrate" a cikin kakar biyu na e.tv telenovela Ashes to Ashes . A wannan shekarar, ta yi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo The Pen da kuma a farkon taba Setswana wasan da ake kira Lepatata a Kasuwa Theatre kuma ta dauki hutu na shekaru biyu. Sannan a cikin 2017, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC1 Ingozi kuma ta taka rawar "Makgotso Sebotsane" a farkon yanayi biyu na farko. A halin yanzu, ta taka rawar "Candy" a cikin Mzansi Magic drama Imposter . A cikin shekarar 2020, ta shiga tare da wani Mzansi Magic telenovela Gomora don rawar "Tono". Baya ga wasan kwaikwayo, ita babbar Darakta ce ta wani kamfani mai zaman kansa wanda ke samar da sauti da gani mai suna "Afroville Media". == Fina-finai == == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qqjl29hjprr732f6h9qf0rjnlgkwwfu 0 75176 970364 721498 2026-10-22T14:02:52Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377543261|Abuorso (Bono East Region)]]" 970364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Abuorso|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=[[Town]]|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Bono East Region]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Ghana|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Tain District]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2012|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} rtrlkza0t32y81ko3ilxf8aikeh6vfw 970365 970364 2026-10-22T14:03:42Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970365 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nfoheaurddoifsfy0qocj6967fvm8p2 970366 970365 2026-10-22T14:04:04Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} id44wmij1vna94m4dycded6w9277p77 970367 970366 2026-10-22T14:04:35Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970367 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s6snyaim5jcifnqmnls04jv87y3gomj 970372 970367 2026-10-22T14:20:59Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/970367|970367]] by [[Special:Contributions/Yahuzaishat|Yahuzaishat]] ([[User talk:Yahuzaishat|talk]]) 970372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} id44wmij1vna94m4dycded6w9277p77 970373 970372 2026-10-22T14:21:14Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/970366|970366]] by [[Special:Contributions/Yahuzaishat|Yahuzaishat]] ([[User talk:Yahuzaishat|talk]]) 970373 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nfoheaurddoifsfy0qocj6967fvm8p2 970374 970373 2026-10-22T14:21:43Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/970365|970365]] by [[Special:Contributions/Yahuzaishat|Yahuzaishat]] ([[User talk:Yahuzaishat|talk]]) 970374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Abuorso|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=[[Town]]|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Bono East Region]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Ghana|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Tain District]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2012|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyin == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} rtrlkza0t32y81ko3ilxf8aikeh6vfw 970375 970374 2026-10-22T14:24:10Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Abuorso|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=[[Town]]|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Bono East Region]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Ghana|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Tain District]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2012|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Cibiyoyi == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} norhuo1m7h3kteozw0crxuykwxi85sz 970376 970375 2026-10-22T14:24:37Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Abuorso|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=[[Town]]|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Bono East Region]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Ghana|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Tain District]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2012|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Abuorso</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Bono East Region|Yankin Bono na Gabas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Tain District|Gundumar Tain]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |} '''Abuorso''' al'umma ce a cikin [[SEIKWA]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marise |date=2019-07-05 |title=BE/R Poor road network made residents of Abourso unable to transport farm produces to market » Communitywatchdoggh |url=https://communitywatchdoggh.com/be-r-poor-road-network-made-residents-of-abourso-an-able-to-transport-farm-produces-to-market/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Communitywatchdoggh |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin Gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Bono]] na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2010 |title=House razed by fire in Techiman |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/260978/house-razed-by-fire-in-techiman.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Assemblyman appeals for a bus for Nkoraman SHS |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/2c23bd1-7852-4bd7-a9 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Deprived Communities Want Basic Schools |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/841693/deprived-communities-want-basic-schools.html |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, Mista Sampson Mensah Akrosmah ne wakilin yankin a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OWUSU-ANSAH |first=FRANCIS |date=2022-05-05 |title=Dormaahene proposes monthly stipend for Assembly Members |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/dormaahene-proposes-monthly-stipend-for-assembly-members/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Chronicle News Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> A Abuorso ne kuma makarantar sakandare ta Nkoranman Senior High School take, wadda Mista Asiedu Nketiah ya gina. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkoranman Senior High History {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/nkoranman-senior-high/history |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Cibiyoyi == * Cocin Katolika na St. Peter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Peter’s Catholic Church - Abourso |url=https://cdtechiman.org/st-peters-catholic-church-abourso.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=cdtechiman.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 8h08roqc73lnmrb2z8anhp9u456jszu 0 79214 970568 737185 2026-10-23T09:46:11Z Nura Bello 24854 970568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka''' ('''AIMS''') cibiyar ilimi ce da bincike a Muizenberg, Afirka ta Kudu, wacce aka kafa a watan Satumbar a shekara ta dubu biyu da uku 2003, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa mai alaka da cibiyoyin da ke [[Senegal]], Ghana, Kamaru da [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]. == Tarihi == === Wanda ya kafa shi === An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta farko a Muizenberg kusa da Cape Town ta Neil Turok a shekara ta 2003, yayin da yake Shugaban Kimiyya na Lissafi a Jami'ar Cambridge. Neil Turok dan Ben Turok ne, ɗan majalisa na ANC. A shekara ta 2008 Turok ya zama Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Perimeter, kuma Dokta Robert Myers ya maye gurbinsa a shekarar 2019. An kafa AIMS Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin jami'o'i masu zuwa: [[Jami'ar Stellenbosch]], Jami'ar Cambridge, Jami'an Cape Town, Jami'a ta Oxford, Jami'in Paris-Sud, da Jami'ar Western Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About AIMS |url=https://www.aims.ac.za/en/about/about-aims |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908201619/https://www.aims.ac.za/en/about/about-aims |archive-date=8 September 2017 |access-date=8 September 2017 |publisher=AIMS South Africa}}</ref> === AIMS Next Einstein Initiative === AIMS shine batun magana <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2008 |title=TED talk about AIMS, by Neil Turok |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/neil_turok_makes_his_ted_prize_wish |publisher=TED}}</ref> na Neil Turok bayan ya sami lambar yabo ta TED a 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2008 |title=TED Prize 2008: Dave Eggers and Tutoring, Neil Turok and the next African Einstein, Karen Armstrong and the Charter for Compassion |url=http://blog.ted.com/ted_prize_2008_1/ |publisher=TED}}</ref> Burin Neil Turok TED shine, a cikin rayuwarsa, za a yi bikin Einstein na Afirka. AIMS Next Einstein Initiative <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2010 |title=AIMS-NextEinstein Initiative |url=http://www.nexteinstein.org |publisher=Nexteinstein.org}}</ref> wani shiri ne na Kirkirar Karin cibiyoyin AIMS 15 a duk fadin Afirka. Wadannan cibiyoyin suna da niyyar kirkirar cibiyoyin da ke da kayan aiki na ilimi da kimiyya daidai da nahiyoyin da suka ci gaba, don cika burin TED na Neil Turok. Cibiyoyin farko uku da aka kirkira bayan haka a Afirka ta Kudu suna cikin Senegal, <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2013 |title=AIMS-Senegal |url=http://www.aims-senegal.sn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926215517/http://www.aims-senegal.sn/ |archive-date=26 September 2011 |publisher=Aims-senegal.sn}}</ref> Ghana <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIMS-Ghana |url=http://www.aims.edu.gh// |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728045124/http://www.aims.edu.gh/ |archive-date=28 July 2013 |access-date=11 August 2013 |publisher=AIMS-Ghana}}</ref> da Kamaru. AIMS Senegal ta fara aiki a watan Satumba, a shekarar 2011 a Mbour, kusa da Dakar, kuma AIMS Ghana ta bude kofofinta a shekarar 2012 a cikin karamin garin Biriwa. Cibiyar da ta gabata da ke Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afirka (AUST ) a Najeriya an san ta da AIMS Abuja <ref>{{Cite web |title=African University of Science and Technology |url=http://aust-abuja.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020170941/http://aust-abuja.org/ |archive-date=20 October 2011 |publisher=Aust-abuja.org}}</ref> na ɗan lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seeking an African Einstein |url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/34836 |publisher=Physicsworld.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIMS Abuja Opens |url=http://www.tedprize.org/aims-abuja-opens/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403000731/http://www.tedprize.org/aims-abuja-opens/ |archive-date=3 April 2012 |publisher=Tedprize.org}}</ref> An kafa AIMS Ghana a cikin shekarar 2012, AIMS Kamaru a cikin shekarar 2013 da AIMS Tanzania a cikin shekarun 2014. Akwai cibiyar ta shida a Rwanda. AIMS Next Einstein Initiative ci gaba ne na aikin Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka (AMI-Net). <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Mathematical Institutes Network |url=http://www.nepadst.org/platforms/aminet.shtml |publisher=Nepadst.org}}</ref> Bayan AIMS Afirka ta Kudu ta lashe kyautar TED a shekara ta 2008, Neil Turok da abokan huldarsa sun haɓaka AIMS Next Einstein Initiative, wanda burinsa shine gina cibiyoyin ƙwarewa 15 a duk faɗin Afirka nan da shekarar 2023. Gwamnatin Kanada ta saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 20 a cikin Next Einstein Initiative a cikin shekarar 2010, ta hanyar Cibiyar Binciken Ci Gaban Duniya, kuma gwamnatoci da yawa a Afirka da Turai sun bi hakan. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2015, an gudanar da wani taro a Dakar a karkashin jagorancin Shirin Kimiyya na Kasa da Kasa na UNESCO don ɗaukar aikin don babbar cibiyoyin sadarwa zuwa mataki na gaba. == Fata == === Koyarwa da bincike === Cibiyoyin AIMS suna koyar da lissafi na asali da na aikace-aikace, suna rufe aikace-aikacen lissafi masu yawa a cikin kimiyyar lissafi (gami da astrophysics da cosmology), ilmin halitta, bioinformatics, lissafin kimiyya, kudi, aikin gona da sauransu. Wannan a Senegal yana ba da darussan a cikin Faransanci da Ingilishi. Baya ga shirye-shiryen ilimi, AIMS Afirka ta Kudu tana da cibiyar bincike a fannoni masu alaka kamar ilimin sararin samaniya, kwamfuta da kudi (duba kasa). A cikin shekarun 2015, AIMS Kamaru tana shirin kaddamar da cibiyar bincikenta don karbar bakuncin mazauna da masu bincike masu ziyara daga jami'o'i a Kamaru da bayan haka.[1]<ref name=":13" /> === Ayyukan Jama'a === Cibiyoyin AIMS suna ba da sabis na al'umma. AIMS Senegal ta habaka sabon tsarin koyarwa ga malamai na lissafi na makarantar sakandare kuma ta hada kai da kamfanoni na cikin gida don tara kudi don Kirkirar gasa ta ƙasa akan aikace-aikacen kwamfuta da ƙirar lissafi, tare da mai da hankali kan neman mafita na ci gaba. AIMS Afirka ta Kudu tana jagorantar Cibiyar Enrichment Schools AIMS don malamai na makarantar firamare da sakandare, wanda kuma ke shirya laccoci na jama'a, bita da manyan darussan kuma yana tallafawa kungiyoyin lissafi a makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar (duba ƙasa). Masana da malamai daga AIMS Ghana sun ba da kayan aiki ga malamai a makarantar sakandare ta Biriwa tare da sabon tsarin koyarwa. == AIMS Afirka ta Kudu == === Shirin Ilimi === ==== Shirin Masters da aka tsara ==== Babban shirin AIMS Afirka ta Kudu shine shirin Masters na watanni 10 a cikin Kimiyya ta Lissafi. An inganta shirin a cikin shekarar 2012 daga Diploma na Postgraduate. Jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu guda uku ne ke ba da digiri na biyu a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Dalibai daga Afirka na iya neman cikakken tallafin karatu, gami da tafiye-tafiye, jirgi & masauki, karatun, da kuma tallafi. AIMS ta himmatu ga mafi yawan shiga cikin mata a kimiyya da kuma wakiltar ɗalibai na ƙasa daga nahiyar Afirka. Ma'aikatan ziyara sun hada da David MacKay, Bernt Øksendal, David Aschman (Cape Town), Alan Beardon (Cambridge), Jordi Campos (Barcelona), Yesu Cerquides (Majalisar Bincike ta [[Ispaniya|Spain]]), Patrick Dorey (Durham), Pedro Ferreira ([[Jami'ar Oxford|Oxford]]), Jan Gertsova (Leuven), Barry Green ([[Jami'ar Stellenbosch|StellenboschStellenbosch]] (Houston), Dirk Laurie (Stats Statshen), San Mahajan (MIT, Olin), Vincent Sound Tocks (Jami'a na Paris), Robert Putsford), Robert Socks (Jach (Jamilar International Software), Robert P), Robert Souts). Kowane malami mai ziyara yana koyar da tsari mai zurfi na makonni uku. Manufar shirin ita ce samar da dalibai da za su iya yin digiri na biyu wato masters na bincike mai inganci. Ana ba da fifiko na musamman kan fahimtaR fahimta, kwarewar warware matsaloli, hadin gwiwa, kwarewa ta rubuce-rubucen kimiyya, da kirar kwamfuta ta amfani da Free Software kamar SageMath, SciPy, da R. AIMS tana ba da tallafi ga tsofaffi da yawa da ke ci gaba da karatu a Afirka ta Kudu. ==== Digiri na girmamawa a cikin ilmin lissafi ==== AIMS, tare da hadin gwiwar [[Jami'ar Stellenbosch]], tana ba da digiri na girmamawa a cikin Ilimin lissafi ga daliban Afirka ta Kudu. ==== Digiri na girmamawa a cikin lissafin kuɗi ==== Ana ba da digiri na girmamawa a cikin Lissafin Kudi ga daliban Afirka ta Kudu tare da [[Jami'ar Stellenbosch]] da Jami'an Cape Town. ==== Nazarin Jagora da Dokta ==== A cikin Cibiyar Bincike ta AIMS dalibai, sau da yawa tsofaffin daliban AIMS, suna karatu zuwa digiri na biyu wato MSc ko na ukku wato PhD a ƙarƙashin kulawar mai bincike mai zama a cikin Ilimin lissafi da lissafin lissafi. === Cibiyar Bincike === AIMS Afirka ta Kudu ta dauki bakuncin cibiyar bincike da aka bude a watan Mayu 2008. [[Stephen Hawking]] ya ziyarci cibiyar bincike ta AIMS da ƙaddamar da AIMS-Next Einstein Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stephen Hawking to visit AIMS Research Centre Launch |url=http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/education/stephen_hawking_to_visit_sa_in_search_of_an_african_einstein.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229171913/http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/education/stephen_hawking_to_visit_sa_in_search_of_an_african_einstein.html |archive-date=29 December 2010 |publisher=Sagoodnews.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew Norfolk |date=7 July 2011 |title=Stephen Hawking in hunt for Africa's hidden talent |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article3908385.ece |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2008 |title=Stephen Hawking meets Nelson Mandela for AIMS |url=http://blog.ted.com/2008/05/stephen_hawking_1.php |publisher=Blog.ted.com |access-date=9 June 2024 |archive-date=20 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120050350/http://blog.ted.com/2008/05/stephen_hawking_1.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2008 |title=Stephen Hawking seeks 'Einsteins of Africa' |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/257070 |publisher=Digitaljournal.com}}</ref> Cibiyar ta kware a cikin Ilimin lissafi, ilmin Lissafin Masana'antu, lissafin lissafi, Astrophysics & cosmology, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cosmology at AIMS |url=http://cosmoaims.wordpress.com/ |publisher=Cosmoaims.wordpress.com}}</ref> da kuma Computer Algebra. Ana ba da tallafi don karatun Jagora da digiri. === Cibiyar Kula da Makaranta === AIMS Afirka ta Kudu ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Kula da Makaranta wacce ke ba da albarkatun ilmantarwa kyauta da kuma darussan ci gaban Kwararru ga malaman lissafin Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIMS-SEC School Enrichment Centre |url=http://aimssec.aims.ac.za |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811063221/http://aimssec.aims.ac.za/ |archive-date=11 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2019 |publisher=Aimssec.aims.ac.za}}</ref> === Tattaunawa da tarurruka === AIMS Afirka ta Kudu a kai a kai tana karbar bakuncin gajerun taro ko bita a cikin lissafi da aikace-aikacensa, musamman a cikin kimiyyar lissafi, lissafin lissafi, ilmin annoba. Sauran batutuwa sun hada da kirar kimiyya ko tsarin gudanarwa ta amfani da Debian GNU / Linux <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIMS Desktop |url=https://desktop.aims.ac.za/ |publisher=desktop.aims.ac.za |access-date=2024-06-09 |archive-date=2024-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609214906/https://desktop.aims.ac.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a matsayin dandamali. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ey5kcfly1lr7sztijeswrmsoka0jb4f 0 81513 970565 960029 2026-10-23T09:18:20Z Nura Bello 24854 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 970565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Corn_vs_Ethanol_production.webp|thumb|300x300px|Masara vs samar da Ethanol a Amurka Masara da aka yi amfani da ita don man fetur na Ethanol (bushel) (hagu).   ]] [[Fayil:Ethanol_butler_co_iowa.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Kamfanin gyara abinci]] '''[[Tsaron abinci|Abinci]] da man fetur''' shine matsala game da [[Hadarin sauyin|haɗarin]] karkatar da gonaki ko amfanin gona don samar da man fetus don lalata samar da abinci. Tattaunawar Farashin abinci da abinci sun haɗa da ra'ayoyi masu yawa kuma suna da dogon lokaci, masu rikitarwa a cikin wallafe-wallafen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Wilson |date=8 February 2008 |title=The Biofuel Smear Campaign |url=http://www.farmfutures.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=CD26BEDECA4A4946A1283CC7786AEB5A&nm=News&type=news&mod=News&mid=9A02E3B96F2A415ABC72CB5F516B4C10&tier=3&nid=BA3B97B230724D7C904E54CB50E9E9B5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209023137/http://www.farmfutures.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=CD26BEDECA4A4946A1283CC7786AEB5A&nm=News&type=news&mod=News&mid=9A02E3B96F2A415ABC72CB5F516B4C10&tier=3&nid=BA3B97B230724D7C904E54CB50E9E9B5 |archive-date=9 February 2008 |access-date=28 April 2008 |publisher=Farm Futures}}</ref> Akwai rashin jituwa game da muhimmancin batun, abin da ke haifar da shi, da abin da za a iya ko ya kamata a yi don magance halin da ake ciki. Wannan rikitarwa da rashin tabbas sun kasance ne saboda yawan tasirin da kuma ra'ayoyin da zasu iya shafar tsarin farashi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin dangi na waɗannan tasirin masu kyau da marasa kyau sun bambanta a cikin gajeren lokaci da dogon lokaci, kuma sun haɗa da sakamako mai jinkiri. Har ila yau, bangaren ilimi na muhawara ya ɓace ta hanyar amfani da samfuran [[tattalin arziki]] daban-daban da kuma nau'ikan gasa na nazarin kididdiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HLPE |date=June 2013 |title=Biofuels and food security |url=http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/hlpe/hlpe_documents/HLPE_Reports/HLPE-Report-5_Biofuels_and_food_security.pdf}}</ref> Fitar da man fetur ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Wasu kayayyaki, kamar [[masara]] (masara), sukari ko man kayan lambu ana iya amfani da su ko dai a matsayin abinci, abinci, ko don yin man fetur. Misali, tun daga shekara ta 2006, wani ɓangare na ƙasar da aka yi amfani da shi a baya don [[shuka]] amfanin gona a Amurka yanzu ana amfani da shi don shuka masara don man fetur, kuma an ƙaddara babban rabo na masara don samar da ethanol, ya kai 25% a shekara ta 2007. Farashin mai yana ƙaruwa tun shekara ta 2003, sha'awar rage dogaro da mai, da kuma buƙatar rage hayakin gas daga sufuri sun haɗu da ƙara buƙatun duniya don man fetur. Ƙarin buƙatu yana inganta dawowar kuɗi akan samarwa, yana sa man fetur ya fi riba da kyau fiye da samar da abinci. Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da ƙarin kayan aiki don samar da man fetur, tare da rage albarkatun da aka sanya don samar da abinci. Batutuwan [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]] na duniya na iya haifar da irin wannan matsalar tattalin arziki zuwa samar da abinci mai yawa. Akwai, ban da haka, yiwuwar lalata wuraren zama tare da karuwar matsin lamba don canza amfani da ƙasa zuwa noma, don samar da man fetur.<ref name="FT_OECD">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Bounds |date=10 September 2007 |title=OECD Warns Against Biofuels Subsidies |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e780d216-5fd5-11dc-b0fe-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> Kungiyoyin muhalli sun nuna damuwa game da waɗannan yiwuwar lalacewa na wasu shekaru, <ref>{{Cite web |last=George Monbiot |date=23 November 2004 |title=Feeding Cars, Not People |url=http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2004/11/23/feeding-cars-not-people/ |access-date=28 April 2008 |publisher=Monbiot.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=European Environmental Bureau |date=8 February 2006 |title=Biofuels no panacea |url=http://www.climnet.org/EUenergy/2006_EEB_BiofuelsStrategy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410052938/http://www.climnet.org/EUenergy/2006_EEB_BiofuelsStrategy.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2008 |access-date=28 April 2008}}</ref> amma batutuwan sun jawo hankali sosai a duk duniya saboda Rikicin farashin abinci na duniya na 2007-2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Planet Ark |date=26 September 2005 |title=Food Security Worries Could Limit China Biofuels |url=http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/32656/story.htm |access-date=28 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenpeace UK |date=9 May 2007 |title=Biofuels: green dream or climate change nightmare |url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog/climate/biofuels-green-dream-or-climate-change-nightmare-20070509 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421113313/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog/climate/biofuels-green-dream-or-climate-change-nightmare-20070509 |archive-date=21 April 2008 |access-date=28 April 2008}}</ref> Biofuels na ƙarni na biyu na iya samar da mafita ga waɗannan mummunan sakamako. Misali, suna iya ba da izinin haɗin noma don abinci da man fetur, kuma ana iya samar da wutar lantarki a lokaci guda. Wannan na iya zama mai fa'ida musamman ga kasashe masu tasowa da yankunan karkara a kasashe masu ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oliver R. Inderwildi |last2=David A. King |year=2009 |title=Quo Vadis Biofuels |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |volume=2 |issue=4 |page=343 |doi=10.1039/b822951c}}</ref> Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa ana iya kara yawan samar da man fetur ba tare da buƙatar ƙara girman ƙasa ba.<ref>See for example: the US (DOE and USDA) "Billion Ton Report": {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://feedstockreview.ornl.gov/pdf/billion_ton_vision.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080825173945/http://feedstockreview.ornl.gov/pdf/billion_ton_vision.pdf |archive-date=25 August 2008 |access-date=23 July 2008}} or an EU (Refuel) report {{Cite web |title=Refuel.eu is for sale! |url=http://www.refuel.eu/fileadmin/refuel/user/docs/REFUEL_D19a_flyer_feedstock_potentials.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911071310/http://www.refuel.eu/fileadmin/refuel/user/docs/REFUEL_D19a_flyer_feedstock_potentials.pdf |archive-date=11 September 2008 |access-date=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2007 |title=Food and Fuel II - Biofuels will help fight hunger |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/06/opinion/edsimoes.php |access-date=15 April 2008 |website=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref><ref name="oxburgh">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2008 |title=Response: Lord Oxburgh: Through biofuels we can reap the fruits of our labours |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/feb/28/alternativeenergy.biofuels |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Biofuels ba sabon abu ba ne. Kafin masana'antu, dawakai sune tushen farko (kuma mai yiwuwa na biyu) na wutar lantarki don sufuri da aikin jiki, suna buƙatar abinci. Girman amfanin gona ga dawakai (yawanci oats) don aiwatar da aikin jiki yayi daidai da girma na amfanin gona don man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injuna. Koyaya, amfanin gona na "biofuel" na farko na masana'antu sun kasance a ƙarami. An yi la'akari da [[Brazil]] da samun tattalin arzikin man fetur mai ɗorewa na farko a duniya, gwamnatinta ta yi iƙirarin masana'antar ethanol ta sukari ta Brazil ba ta ba da gudummawa ga rikicin abinci na 2008 ba. Wani takarda na bincike na manufofin [[Bankin Duniya]] da aka fitar a watan Yulin 2008 ya kammala cewa "babban karuwa a cikin samar da man fetur a Amurka da Turai sune babban dalilin da ya sa farashin abinci na duniya ya karu" kuma ya bayyana cewa "ethanol na sukari na Brazil bai tura farashin abinci da ya fi girma ba. <ref name="WorldBank_07_08">{{Cite web |last=Donald Mitchell |date=July 2008 |title=A note on Rising Food Crisis |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2008/07/28/000020439_20080728103002/Rendered/PDF/WP4682.pdf |access-date=29 July 2008 |publisher=[[The World Bank]]}}Policy Research Working Paper No. 4682. Disclaimer: This paper reflects the findings, interpretation, and conclusions of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank</ref> Koyaya, binciken da Bankin Duniya ya yi a shekara ta 2010 ya kammala cewa binciken da suka gabata na iya ƙididdige gudummawar samar da man fetur, kamar yadda "sakamakon man fetur a kan farashin abinci bai kasance babba kamar yadda aka yi tunanin da farko ba, amma amfani da kayayyaki ta masu saka hannun jari na kudi (abin da ake kira "financialization of kayayyaki") na iya kasancewa wani bangare ne na alhakin karuwar 2007/08. Wani binciken mai zaman kansa na OECD ya kuma gano cewa tasirin man fetur akan farashin abinci ya fi karami.<ref name="WorldBank_07_10">{{Cite web |last=John Baffes |last2=Tassos Haniotis |date=July 2010 |title=Placing the 2006/08 Commodity Price Boom into Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2010/07/21/000158349_20100721110120/Rendered/PDF/WPS5371.pdf |access-date=9 August 2010 |publisher=[[World Bank]]}} Policy Research Working Paper 5371</ref><ref name="OECD_07_08">{{Cite web |last=Directorate for Trade |last2=Agriculture, OECD |date=16 July 2008 |title=Economic Assessment of Biofuel Support Policies |url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/19/62/41007840.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718170926/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/19/62/41007840.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2008 |access-date=1 August 2008 |publisher=[[OECD]]}} Disclaimer: This work was published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The views expressed and conclusions reached do not necessarily correspond to those of the governments of OECD member countries.</ref> == Farashin farashin abinci == Daga 1974 zuwa 2005, farashin abinci na ainihi (wanda aka daidaita don hauhawar farashi) ya ragu da kashi 75%. Farashin kayan abinci sun kasance masu tsayayya bayan sun kai ƙasa a cikin 2000 da 2001.<ref name="WorldBank_07_08"/> Sabili da haka, ana ɗaukar ƙaruwar farashin abinci na baya-bayan nan a matsayin mai ban mamaki. Wani takarda na bincike na manufofin [[Bankin Duniya]] da aka buga a watan Yulin 2008 ya gano cewa karuwar farashin kayan abinci ya jagoranci hatsi, tare da karuwar farashi a shekara ta 2005 duk da amfanin gona a duk duniya. Daga Janairu 2005 har zuwa Yuni 2008, farashin [[masara]] kusan ya ninka sau uku, alkama ya karu da kashi 127, kuma [[shinkafa]] ya karu da kaso 170. Haɓakawar [[Grain price|Farashin hatsi]] ya biyo bayan ƙaruwar Farashin mai da mai a tsakiyar shekara ta 2006. A gefe guda, binciken ya gano cewa samar da sukari ya karu da sauri, kuma ya isa ya ci gaba da karuwar farashin sukari sai dai a shekara ta 2005 da farkon shekara ta 2006. Takardar ta kammala cewa man fetur da aka samar daga hatsi ya kara farashin abinci tare da wasu abubuwan da suka danganci tsakanin kashi 70 zuwa 75 cikin dari, amma ethanol da aka samar da sukari bai ba da gudummawa sosai ga karuwar farashin kayan abinci na baya-bayan nan ba.<ref name="WorldBank_07_08" /> Wani rahoto na kimanta tattalin arziki da OECD ta buga a watan Yulin 2008 <ref name="OECD_07_08"/> ya gano cewa "tasirin manufofin biofuel na yanzu akan farashin amfanin gona na duniya, galibi ta hanyar karuwar buƙatun hatsi da man kayan lambu, yana da mahimmanci amma bai kamata a wuce gona da iri ba. Ana kimanta matakan tallafin biofuel kawai don kara matsakaicin farashin alkama da kusan kashi 5 cikin dari, masara da kusan kashi 7 cikin dari da man fetur da kusan kashi 19 cikin dari a cikin dari a kan shekaru 10 masu zuwa". <ref name="OECDweb08">{{Cite web |last=Directorate for Trade |last2=Agriculture, OECD |date=16 July 2008 |title=Biofuel policies in OECD countries costly and ineffective, says report |url=http://www.oecd.org/document/28/0,3343,en_2649_37401_41013916_1_1_1_1,00.html |access-date=1 August 2008 |publisher=[[OECD]]}}</ref> Ana amfani da [[Masara]] don yin ethanol kuma farashin ya tashi da kashi uku a cikin ƙasa da shekaru 3 (an auna shi a cikin daloli na Amurka). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Corn Monthly Commodity Futures Price Chart: CBOT |url=http://futures.tradingcharts.com/printchart/CN/M |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>Rahotanni a cikin 2007 sun haɗa labaran da suka bambanta kamar tashin hankali na abinci a Mexico saboda hauhawar farashin masara don tortillas da rage riba a Heineken, babban mai shayarwa na duniya, zuwa karuwar amfani da masara (mai) da aka shuka a Amurka Midwest don samar da ethanol. Game da giya, an yanke yankin sha'ir don kara yawan samar da masara. Ba a amfani da sha'ir a halin yanzu don samar da ethanol.) <ref>''Financial Times'', London, 25 February 2007, quoting Jean-François van Boxmeer, chief executive.</ref> <ref>For an explanation of this ripple effect that pushes up not only the price of corn, but also that of other farming products, see this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ws3iGja4LA excerpt from a speech] by [[Paul Roberts (author)|Paul Roberts]] at the [[Commonwealth Club of California]] (video).</ref> Alkama ya tashi da kusan kashi 3 a cikin shekaru uku, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheat Monthly Commodity Futures Price Chart: CBOT |url=http://futures.tradingcharts.com/printchart/CW/M |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> yayin da soyabees suka tashi da kashi 2 a cikin shekaru biyu (duka an auna su a cikin daloli na Amurka). [5] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybeans Monthly Commodity Futures Price Chart: CBOT |url=http://futures.tradingcharts.com/printchart/SB/M |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080128095528/http://media.cleantech.com/2360/why-ethanol-production-will-drive-world-food-prices-even-higher-in-2008 Why ethanol production will drive world food prices even higher in 2008 | Cleantech.com]</ref> Kamar yadda ake amfani da masara a matsayin abinci ga dabbobi, farashin masara mafi girma yana haifar da farashi mafi girma ga abincin dabbobi. Ana amfani da Man kayan lambu don yin Biodiesel kuma ya ninka kusan ninki biyu a farashi a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Farashin yana bin diddigin fa[[Danyen mai|Rashin mai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The other oil shock: Vegetable oil prices soar - International Herald Tribune<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/19/business/palmoil.php}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Light Crude Oil (Pit) Monthly Commodity Futures Price Chart: NYMEX |url=http://futures.tradingcharts.com/printchart/CO/M |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Rikicin farashin abinci na duniya na 2007-2008 an zarge shi da wani bangare akan karuwar bukatar man fetur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2008 |title=Biofuel: the burning question |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/biofuel-the-burning-question-808959.html |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Independent}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, farashi shinkafa ya tashi da kashi 3 duk da cewa ba a amfani da shinkafa kai tsaye a cikin man fetur ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frederik Balfour |title=Understanding the Global Rice Crisis |url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/apr2008/gb20080428_894449.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501165635/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/apr2008/gb20080428_894449.htm |archive-date=1 May 2008 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=Businessweek.com}}</ref> USDA na sa ran lokacin alkama na 2008/2009 ya zama amfanin gona mai rikodin kuma 8% ya fi na shekarar da ta gabata. Suna kuma sa ran shinkafa za ta sami amfanin gona mai rikodin. Farashin alkama ya sauka daga sama da $ 12 a kowace bushel a watan Mayu 2008 zuwa karkashin $ 8 / bushel a cikin Mayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheat Daily Commodity Futures Price Chart: Dec. 2015: CBOT |url=http://futures.tradingcharts.com/chart/CW/78 |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Shinkafa ma ta sauka daga matsayi mai girma. A cewar wani rahoto na 2008 daga Bankin Duniya, samar da man fetur ya tura farashin abinci sama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Document<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/07/28/000020439_20080728103002/Rendered/PDF/WP4682.pdf}}</ref> Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun sami goyon baya daga Union of Concerned Scientists a cikin takardar labarai ta Satumba 2008, inda suka ce binciken Bankin Duniya "ya saba wa ikirarin Sakataren Aikin Gona na Amurka Ed Schaffer cewa biofuels suna da ƙananan kashi na hauhawar farashin abinci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=FEED - September 2008 &#124; Union of Concerned Scientists |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/feed/feed-september-2008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027012203/http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/feed/feed-september-2008.html |archive-date=27 October 2008 |access-date=1 October 2008}}</ref> According to the October Consumer Price Index released on November 19, 2008, food prices continued to rise in October 2008 and were 6.3 percent higher than in October 2007. == Dalilan da aka gabatar == === Ethanol man fetur a matsayin wani oxygenate additive === Bukatar man fetur na ethanol da aka samar daga masara a Amurka ta hanyar gano cewa methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) yana gurɓata ruwan ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2006 |title=Eliminating MTBE in Gasoline in 2006 |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/feature_articles/2006/mtbe2006/mtbe2006.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822000011/http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/feature_articles/2006/mtbe2006/mtbe2006.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2008 |access-date=10 August 2008 |publisher=Environmental Information Administration}}</ref> Amfani da MTBE a matsayin kayan aikin Oxygenate ya yadu saboda umarnin gyare-gyaren Dokar Tsabtace Air na 1992 don rage hayakin carbon monoxide. A sakamakon haka, a shekara ta 2006, an dakatar da amfani da MTBE a cikin man fetur a kusan jihohi 20. Har ila yau, akwai damuwa cewa za a iya ɗaukar shari'a mai tsada da tsada a kan masu samar da man fetur na Amurka, kuma yanke shawara ta 2005 da ta ƙi kariya ta doka ga MTBE, ta buɗe sabon kasuwa don man fetur, maye gurbin farko na MTBE.<ref name="Ethanol" /> A lokacin da farashin masara ya kasance a kusa da US $ 2 a bushel, masu shuka masara sun fahimci yiwuwar wannan sabon kasuwa kuma sun kawo daidai. Wannan canjin buƙata ya faru ne a lokacin da Farashin mai ya riga ya tashi sosai. === Sauran dalilai === Gaskiyar cewa farashin abinci ya tashi a lokaci guda farashin man fetur ya tashi ba abin mamaki ba ne kuma bai kamata a zarge shi gaba ɗaya da man fetur ba. Kudin makamashi babban farashi ne ga taki, [[noma]], da Rarraba abinci. Har ila yau, China da sauran ƙasashe sun sami karuwar gaske a cikin shigo da su yayin da tattalin arzikin su ya girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Weak correlation' between food and fuel prices Farm and Ranch Guide: Regional News<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.farmandranchguide.com/articles/2008/01/28/ag_news/regional_news/regs13.txt }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=It's not food, it's not fuel, it's China: Grain trends in China 1995-2008 |url=http://biofuelsdigest.com/blog2/its-not-food-its-not-fuel-its-china-meat-vs-fuel-grain-trends-in-china-1995-2008/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513011536/http://biofuelsdigest.com/blog2/its-not-food-its-not-fuel-its-china-meat-vs-fuel-grain-trends-in-china-1995-2008/ |archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref> Shukari yana daya daga cikin manyan kayan abinci na ethanol, kuma farashin sun sauka daga shekaru biyu da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchasing.com - Making B2B Purchasing Easy |url=http://www.purchasing.com/article/CA6538783.html |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=Purchasing |archive-date=28 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628164800/http://www.purchasing.com/article/CA6538783.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sugar #11 Monthly Commodity Futures Price Chart: ICE Futures |url=http://futures.tradingcharts.com/printchart/SU/M |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na karuwar farashin abinci don kayan abinci na duniya da aka auna a cikin daloli na Amurka saboda an rage darajar dala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maintenance &#124; Pinr - Local Business Directory |url=https://www.pinr.com/maintenance |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210160807/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=497&language_id=1 |archive-date=10 December 2006 |website=www.pinr.com}}</ref> Karewa kuma muhimmiyar mai ba da gudummawa ga karuwar farashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yahoo Finance - Stock Market Live, Quotes, Business & Finance News |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/ |website=finance.yahoo.com}}</ref> Kashi 36% na hatsi na duniya yana tafiya a matsayin abinci don ciyar da dabbobi, maimakon mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crop Prospects and Food Situation - Global cereal supply and demand brief |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai465e/ai465e04.htm |access-date=21 April 2008 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> A tsawon lokaci, karuwar yawan jama'a da [[Canjin yanayi]] na iya haifar da farashin abinci ya tashi. Koyaya, waɗannan abubuwan sun kasance a kusa da shekaru da yawa kuma farashin abinci sun tashi a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, don haka gudummawarsu ga matsalar yanzu kaɗan ne. === Dokokin gwamnati na kasuwannin abinci da man fetur === Gwamnatocin Faransa, Jamus, Ingila, da Amurka sun goyi bayan biofuels tare da raguwar haraji, amfani da umarni, da tallafi. Wadannan manufofi suna da Sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba na karkatar da albarkatu daga samar da abinci kuma yana haifar da hauhawar farashin abinci da yiwuwar lalacewar wuraren zama na halitta.<ref name="FT_OECD"/> Man fetur don amfani da aikin gona sau da yawa ba shi da harajin man fetur (manoma suna samun man fetur ba tare da haraji ba ko man fetur na diesel). Biofuels na iya samun tallafi <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Runge |first=C. Ford |last2=Senauer |first2=Benjamin |date=28 January 2009 |title=How Biofuels Could Starve the Poor |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2007-05-01/how-biofuels-could-starve-poor |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=86 |issue=May/June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222031528/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.html |archive-date=22 February 2008 |via=www.foreignaffairs.com}}</ref> da ƙananan / babu harajin man fetur. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/progs/ind_state_laws.php/TX/BIOD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205060806/http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/progs/ind_state_laws.php/TX/BIOD |archive-date=5 February 2008}}</ref> Biofuels suna gasa tare da farashin man fetur da diesel waɗanda ke da haraji masu yawa. Sakamakon shi ne cewa yana yiwuwa ga manomi ya yi amfani da fiye da galan daya na man fetur don yin galan daya na biofuel kuma har yanzu yana samun riba. Akwai dubban takardun masana da ke nazarin yawan makamashi da ke shiga cikin yin ethanol daga masara da kuma yadda hakan ya kwatanta da makamashi a cikin ethanol.<ref>{{Cite web |title=corn ethanol ("energy gain" OR "energy balance") - Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=corn+ethanol+(%22energy+gain%22+OR+%22energy+balance%22)&btnG=Search |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Wani takarda na bincike na manufofin [[Bankin Duniya]] ya kammala cewa farashin abinci ya karu da kashi 35 zuwa 40 cikin dari tsakanin 2002 da 2008, wanda kashi 70 zuwa 75 cikin dari ya danganta da man fetur.<ref name="WorldBank_07_08"/> Rashin jituwa na shekaru biyar na bincike na "wata-wata" wanda ke karuwa a cikin amfani da hatsi na duniya da fari sun kasance da alhakin karuwar farashi, suna ba da rahoton cewa wannan yana da tasiri kaɗan. Maimakon haka, rahoton ya yi jayayya cewa EU da Amurka suna fitar da man fetur sun sami babban tasiri a kan samar da abinci da farashi, yayin da karuwar samar da man fetir a Amurka da EU ta goyi bayan tallafi da haraji a kan shigo da kayayyaki, kuma suna la'akari da cewa ba tare da waɗannan manufofi ba, karuwar farashi za ta kasance karami. Wannan binciken ya kuma kammala cewa ethanol na sukari na [[Brazil]] bai kara farashin sukari sosai ba kuma ya ba da shawarar cire haraji kan shigo da ethanol ta Amurka da EU, don ba da damar samar da ingantattun masu samarwa kamar Brazil da sauran kasashe masu tasowa, gami da kasashe da yawa na Afirka, don samar da ethanol da riba don fitarwa don saduwa da umarnin EU da Amurka. Wani kimantawa na tattalin arziki da OECD ta buga a watan Yulin 2008 <ref name="OECD_07_08"/> ya yarda da shawarwarin rahoton Bankin Duniya game da mummunan tasirin tallafi da harajin shigo da kayayyaki amma ya gano cewa tasirin da aka kiyasta na man fetur a kan farashin abinci ya fi karami. Binciken OECD ya gano cewa ƙuntatawa na kasuwanci, galibi ta hanyar harajin shigo da kayayyaki, suna kare masana'antar cikin gida daga masu fafatawa na kasashen waje amma suna sanya nauyin farashi ga masu amfani da man fetur na cikin gida da kuma iyakance wasu masu samarwa. Rahoton ya kuma soki iyakancewar hayakin iskar gas da aka samu daga man fetur bisa ga kayan abinci da aka yi amfani da su a Turai da Arewacin Amurka, gano cewa manufofin tallafin man fetur na yanzu zasu rage hayakin isar gas daga man fetir da ba fiye da 0.8% ba ta hanyar 2015, yayin da ethanol na Brazil daga sukari ya rage hayakin gas da akalla 80% idan aka kwatanta da man fetur. Binciken ya bukaci buƙatar ƙarin kasuwanni masu buɗewa a cikin man fetur da kayan abinci don inganta inganci da rage farashi.<ref name="OECDweb08"/> === Farashin mai yana ƙaruwa === Karin farashin mai tun daga shekara ta 2003 ya haifar da karuwar bukatar man fetur. Canja man kayan lambu zuwa Biodiesel ba shi da wuyar gaske ko tsada, don haka akwai yanayin da ya dace idan man kayan lambobi ya fi rahusa fiye da diesel. Ana kuma yin Diesel daga man fetur, don haka farashin man kayan lambu yana da alaƙa da farashin man fetur. Manoma na iya canzawa zuwa shuka amfanin gona na man kayan lambu idan waɗannan sun fi riba fiye da amfanin gona. Don haka duk farashin abinci suna da alaƙa da farashin man kayan lambu kuma, bi da bi, da farashin man fetur. Wani binciken [[Bankin Duniya]] ya kammala cewa farashin mai da dala mai rauni sun bayyana kashi 25-30% na jimlar hauhawar farashin tsakanin Janairu 2002 har zuwa Yuni 2008. <ref name="WorldBank_07_08"/> Bukatar man fetur tana wucewa da wadatar man fetus kuma ana sa ran raguwar man fetur zai haifar da faRashin man fetur ya tashi a cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa. Farashin man fetur yana ƙara farashin abinci a duk duniya, gami da waɗancan amfanin gona waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da man fetur, kamar shinkafa da kifi.<ref name="sol">{{Cite web |title=Print Story - canada.com network |url=http://www2.canada.com/components/print.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102041427/http://www2.canada.com/components/print.aspx?id=e08c8e19-4a95-491c-9386-d30afeab5cdf&sponsor= |archive-date=2 January 2013 |access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref> A cikin Jamus da Kanada, yanzu ya fi rahusa don dumama gida ta hanyar ƙone hatsi fiye da amfani da man fetur da aka samo daga mai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2006 |title=Energie: Heizen mit Weizen |url=http://www.stern.de/wirtschaft/immobilien/verbraucher/:Energie-Heizen-Weizen/553103.html |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grain Burning Stoves by Prairie Fire Grain Energy. Renewable Fuel - Virtually No Waste - Low Emissions |url=http://www.grainburningstoves.ca/cost.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815014534/http://grainburningstoves.ca/cost.php |archive-date=15 August 2015 |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Tare da mai a $ 120 a kowace ganga, ajiyar kashi 3 a kan farashin dumama yana yiwuwa. Lokacin da mai ya kasance a $ 25 / ganga babu wani motsawar tattalin arziki don sauyawa zuwa mai dumama mai cin hatsi. Daga 1971 zuwa 1973, a lokacin Rikicin mai na 1973, farashin masara da alkama sun tashi da kashi 3.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Management • farmdoc |url=https://farmdoc.illinois.edu/management}}</ref> Babu wani amfani mai mahimmanci na biofuel a wannan lokacin. === Manufofin gwamnatin Amurka === Some argue that the US government's policy of encouraging ethanol from corn is the main cause of food price increases.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=Economic analysis: Ethanol policy is driving up food costs 03/16/08 - Grand Island Independent: News |url=http://www.theindependent.com/stories/03162008/new_foodfuel16.shtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080323062835/http://www.theindependent.com/stories/03162008/new_foodfuel16.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2008 |access-date=17 March 2008}}</ref><ref name="cake">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2008 |title=Ethanol really takes the cake |url=http://blog.nj.com/njv_paul_mulshine/2008/03/ethanol_really_takes_the_cake.html |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=NJ.com}}</ref><ref name="investors">{{Cite web |title=Today in Investor's Business Daily stock analysis and business news<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.investors.com/editorial/editorialcontent.asp?secid=1501&status=article&id=292806444260566}}</ref> US federal government ethanol subsidies total $7 billion per year, or $1.90 per gallon. Ethanol provides only 55% as much energy as gasoline per gallon, realizing about a $3.45 per gallon gasoline trade off. Corn is used to feed chickens, cows, and pigs, so higher corn prices lead to higher prices for chicken, beef, pork, milk, cheese, etc. Sanatocin Amurka sun gabatar da ''Dokar Tsaro ta BioFuels'' a shekara ta 2006. "Lokaci ya yi da Majalisa za ta fahimci abin da manoma a tsakiyar Amurka suka sani a duk lokacin: cewa muna da iyawa da basira don rage dogaro da man fetur na kasashen waje ta hanyar bunkasa man fetur dinmu", in ji Sanata na Amurka na Illinois [[Barack Obama]].<ref>Baltimore, Chris. [https://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2007/01/05/new_us_congress_looks_to_boost_alternate_fuels/?p1=MEWell_Pos5 "New U.S. Congress looks to boost alternate fuels"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617121304/http://members.boston.com/reg/login.do |date=2008-06-17 }}, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', 5 January 2007. Retrieved on 23 August 2007</ref> Kashi biyu bisa uku na Amfani da mai fetur na Amurka saboda bangaren sufuri ne.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17039-2004Jun4.html After the Oil Runs Out], washingtonpost.com</ref> Dokar 'Yancin Kai da Tsaro ta 2007 tana da tasiri sosai ga Manufofin Makamashi na Amurka.<ref name="EISA">{{Cite web |title=Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate) |url=http://www.thomas.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110:H.R.6.ENR: |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115001453/http://www.thomas.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110%3AH.R.6.ENR%3A |archive-date=15 January 2016 |access-date=18 January 2008}}</ref> Tare da babban riba na girma masara, da yawa daga cikin manoma suna canzawa zuwa girma masara har sai fa'idar wasu amfanin gona ta dace da na masara. Don haka tallafin ethanol / masara yana haɓaka farashin sauran amfanin gona. Amurka, muhimmiyar kasar fitarwa don kayan abinci - za ta canza kashi 18% na fitar da hatsi zuwa ethanol a cikin 2008. A duk faɗin Amurka, kashi 25% na dukkan amfanin masara sun tafi ethanol a cikin 2007. Ana sa ran kashi na masara da ke zuwa biofuel zai tashi. Tun daga shekara ta 2004, an biya tallafin Amurka ga kamfanonin da ke haɗakar man fetur da man fetur na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Car News - Latest Auto News, First Looks and First Drives |url=https://www.edmunds.com/car-news/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701180724/http://blogs.insideline.com/straightline/ |archive-date=1 July 2012 |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=Edmunds}}</ref> Ana biyan tallafin man fetur na Turai a lokacin sayarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=splash and dash - Search Results - STF - Sustainable Technology Forum |url=http://www.greenbang.com/?s=splash+and+dash |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=STF - Sustainable Technology Forum}}</ref> Kamfanoni suna shigo da man fetur zuwa Amurka, hada 1% ko ma 0.1% man fetur na yau da kullun, sannan su tura man fetur da aka gauraya zuwa Turai, inda zai iya samun tallafi na biyu. Wadannan cakuda ana kiransu B99 ko B99.9 man fetur. Ana kiran aikin "splash and dash". Man fetur da aka shigo da shi na iya zuwa daga Turai zuwa Amurka, samun 0.1% na man fetur na yau da kullun, sannan komawa Turai. Don man fetur na B99.9 mai haɗawa na Amurka yana samun tallafin $ 0.999 a kowace galan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Biodiesel Board warns on Argentine biodiesel; says fuel is subsidized in Argentina and US, then dumped in Europe: Biofuels Digest<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/blog2/2008/01/17/european-biodiesel-board-warns-on-argentine-biodiesel-says-fuel-is-subsidized-in-argentina-and-us-then-dumped-in-europe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222173849/http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/blog2/2008/01/17/european-biodiesel-board-warns-on-argentine-biodiesel-says-fuel-is-subsidized-in-argentina-and-us-then-dumped-in-europe/ |archive-date=22 February 2008}}</ref> Masu samar da biodiesel na Turai sun bukaci EU da ta sanya haraji na azabtarwa a kan waɗannan shigo da kayayyaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trade war brewing over US biofuel subsidies « Food Crisis<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://foodcrisis.wordpress.com/2008/04/27/trade-war-brewing-over-us-biofuel-subsidies/ |access-date=2024-07-14 |archive-date=2012-07-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708051009/http://foodcrisis.wordpress.com/2008/04/27/trade-war-brewing-over-us-biofuel-subsidies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2007, 'yan majalisa na Amurka suna kallon rufe wannan hanyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=home - The Big Biofuels Blog |url=http://www.icis.com/blogs/biofuels/archives/2007/12/splash-dash-and-a-lot-of-biodi.html |access-date=22 September 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209225632/http://www.icis.com/blogs/biofuels/archives/2007/12/splash-dash-and-a-lot-of-biodi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2007 |title=Finance panel set to close 'splash and dash' loophole |url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/2605-finance-panel-set-to-close-splash-and-dash-loophole/ |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=TheHill}}</ref> === Gishiri a kan samar da man fetur na ƙarni na farko === Abubuwan da ake tsammani don amfani da man fetur na iya canzawa ta hanyar da ba ta da kyau a cikin 2014. Kungiyoyin kasuwancin man fetur sun roki EPA a watan Agustan 2013 don yin la'akari da rage abubuwan da ke cikin man fetur a cikin man fetura. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2013, EPA ta Amurka ta ba da sanarwar sake dubawa game da yawan ethanol da ya kamata a buƙaci ta hanyar doka. Matsayin da Dokar 'Yancin Kai da Tsaro ta 2007 ta kafa za a iya canza su sosai. Sanarwar ta ba da damar kwanaki sittin don gabatar da sharhi game da shawarar.<ref name="EPA_Renewable_Fuel_Regs">{{Cite web |last=EPA |first=US EPA |title=2014 Renewable Fuel Standards for Renewable Fuel Standard program (RFS2): Notice of Proposed Rulemaking |url=http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/regulations.htm |access-date=15 November 2013 |website=Renewable Fuels: Regulations & Standards |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328164811/http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/regulations.htm |archive-date=28 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jarida George Monbiot ya yi jayayya game da daskarewa na shekaru 5 a kan man fetur yayin da aka tantance tasirin su a kan al'ummomin matalauta da mahalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2007 |title=An Agricultural Crime Against Humanity |url=http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2007/11/06/an-agricultural-crime-against-humanity/ |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2004 |title=Feeding Cars, Not People |url=http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2004/11/23/feeding-cars-not-people/ |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Wani rahoto na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na 2007 game da man fetur ya kuma tayar da batutuwa game da tsaro na abinci da samar da man fetir. Jean Ziegler, a lokacin mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan abinci, ya kammala cewa yayin da gardamar da ake yi game da biofuels dangane da ingancin makamashi da canjin yanayi na halal ne, tasirin da ake yi wa masu fama da yunwa na canza alkama da masara zuwa biofuel "babban bala'i ne", kuma irin wannan amfani da ƙasar noma "laifuka ga bil'adama". Ziegler ya kuma yi kira ga dakatar da shekaru biyar kan samar da man fetur. Sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[Ban Ki-moon]] ya ki amincewa da shawarar Ziegler na haramtacciyar doka ta shekaru biyar, wanda ya yi kira ga cikakken bita game da manufofi game da man fetur, kuma ya ce "kawai sukar man fetur bazai zama mafita mai kyau ba". Akwai karin abinci a kasashe masu tasowa da yawa. Misali, yawan alkama na Burtaniya ya kasance kusan tan miliyan 2 a shekara ta 2005.<ref>Defra figures after exports, .</ref> Wannan wadata shi kaɗai zai iya samar da isasshen bioethanol don maye gurbin kusan 2.5% na amfani da man fetur na Burtaniya, ba tare da buƙatar karuwa a cikin noman alkama ko rage yawan abinci ko fitarwa ba. Koyaya, sama da 'yan kashi, za a sami gasa kai tsaye tsakanin samar da man fetur na ƙarni na farko da samar da abinci.<ref>(i.e. if the UK wanted to replace more than around 5% of its fuel with biofuel).</ref> Wannan shine daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa mutane da yawa ke kallon biofuels na ƙarni na biyu kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci. === Amfanin gona da ba na abinci ba don man fetur === Akwai nau'ikan man fetur daban-daban da kayan abinci daban-daban a gare su, kuma an ba da shawarar cewa kawai amfanin gona da ba abinci ba ne za a yi amfani da su don man fetur. Wannan yana guje wa gasa kai tsaye don kayayyaki kamar [[masara]] da man kayan lambu. Koyaya, muddin manoma suna iya samun riba mafi girma ta hanyar sauyawa zuwa biofuels, za su kasance.<ref>[http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=119281 Food versus fuel debate escalates]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Food and Fuel Compete for Land by Lester Brown - The Globalist > > Global Energy<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=5077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112174512/http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=5077 |archive-date=12 January 2010}}</ref> dokar samarwa da buƙata ta yi hasashen cewa idan manoma kaɗan ne ke samar da abinci farashin abinci zai tashi. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarni na biyu suna amfani da albarkatun lignocellulosic kamar ragowar gandun daji (wani lokacin ana kiransu [[Sharar ciyayi|sharar launin ruwan kasa]] da barasa baƙar fata daga Tsarin Kraft ko Tsarin sulfite). Biofs na ƙarni na uku (biofuel daga algae) suna amfani da tushen albarkatun da ba za a iya ci ba waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don biodiesel da bioethanol. An daɗe ana gane cewa babban wadataccen kayan aikin gona, kayan lignocellulosic da ake kira "Polymer na halitta", zai zama kyakkyawan tushen kayan don biofuels da sauran kayayyaki da yawa. Ya ƙunshi sukari na lignin da monomer kamar glucose, fructose, arabinose, galactose, da xylose, waɗannan abubuwan suna da mahimmanci a kansu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin a cikin tarihi, akwai wasu hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su don haɗa cellulose "recalcitrant" don raba ko hydrolyse cikin sassan lignin da sukari, magani tare da; fashewar tururi, ruwa mai mahimmanci, enzymes, acid da alkalines. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da zafi ko sunadarai, suna da tsada, suna da ƙarancin juyawa kuma suna samar da kayan sharar gida. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan haɓakar "mechanochemistry" ya haifar da amfani da ƙwallon ƙafa da sauran ƙirar ƙwallon don rage cellulose zuwa ƙura mai kyau a gaban wani abu mai haɓaka, bentonite ko yumbu na kaolinite, wanda zai yi amfani da cellulose da sauri kuma tare da ƙarancin makamashi a cikin sukari da lignin mai tsabta. Har yanzu a halin yanzu kawai a matakin matukin jirgi, wannan fasahar da ke da alhakin tana ba da damar cewa duk wani tattalin arzikin noma zai iya kawar da abin da ake buƙata don tsaftace mai don man fetur. Wannan zai zama babban ci gaba a cikin tushen makamashi na carbon kuma yana ba da damar ci gaba da amfani da injunan konewa na ciki a kan babban sikelin. ==manazarta== [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i3sbk2b5n5633wffkgxksaapiqj4ti3 0 85995 970461 534037 2026-10-22T19:50:21Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380804109|Lisabi: The Uprising]]" 970461 wikitext text/x-wiki   Lisabi: The Uprising fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Najeriya na 2024 wanda [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi ne suka samar da shi. Shirin ya hada da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Adebimpe Oyebade]], [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] . Fim din ya biyo bayan Lisabi Agbongbo-Akala, wani manomi da ke son fansa bayan ya ga kisan gillar da [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] da abokinsa, Songodeyi suka yi wa abokinsa na kusa. Fim din ya dogara ne akan tarihin Lisabi Rebellion na [[Abeokuta]] na ƙarni na 18. Akinmolayan ya rubuta rubutun tare da Yinka Olaoye, tare da haɗin gwiwar Al Notions Studios da Anthill Studios don haɗawa da ɗaukar motsi mai ci gaba da VFX. An yi fim din da farko a Jihar Abeokuta da Ogun, Najeriya, wurin ya nuna ainihin yanayin fim din kafin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya da kuma juriya ta tarihi na [[Mutanen Egba]] a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Nigeria: 'Lisab' An Epic Yoruba Tale To Premiere On Netflix This September |url=https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/2024/08/23/nigeria-lisab-an-epic-yoruba-tale-to-premiere-on-netflix-this-september/ |website=broadcastmediaafrica}}</ref> Lisabi: The Uprising ya fara ne a kan [[Netflix]] Najeriya a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, kuma an yaba da shi saboda abubuwan gani da daidaito na tarihi. Duk da yake wasu masu sukar sun ambaci ci gaban halayyar da ba daidai ba, fim din ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin fim na Netflix Najeriya a cikin kwanaki uku. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa da yawa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards sau uku. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=AMVCA 2025 Awards: Full List Of Winners As Lateef Adedimeji's Lisabi Clinches Prizes |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/05/10/amvca-2025-awards-full-list-of-winners-as-lateef-adedimejis-lisabi-clinches-prizes/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[Channels Television]] |language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == A ƙarshen [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], mai mulkin Olodan na mulkin Olodan, ya ki biyan haraji mai yawa da mai mulkin [[Alaafin]] na Daular Oyo ya nema daga gare shi. An kai masa hari ba tare da tausayi ba kuma an kawo shi fadar. Ana karɓar haraji a cikin kuɗi da kayan aikin gona ta hanyar tilasta daga kasuwancin mutane. [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]], wanda ya fusata da rashin amincewar Olodan, ya kashe shi a matsayin gargadi ga duk wanda ya yi ƙarfin hali ya kalubalanci. Duk da bin bukatun haraji na mutanen Egba, Sangodeyi, shugaban mara tausayi na masu karɓar haraji, da magoya bayansa masu tsoratar da su. Sun dauki fiye da abin da aka biya, sun yi wa 'yan mata fyade, kuma sun kashe wadanda suka yi tsayayya, suna sa rayuwa ba za a iya jurewa ba ga manoma da mazauna ƙauyen ƙasar Egba yayin da zaluntarsu ta kara tsanantawa. Oshokenu, abokiyar Lisabi, ta ga wani abu mai ban tsoro lokacin da masu tarawa, bayan sun karɓi duk kuɗin daga wata mace mai siyarwa, suka ɗauke da 'yarta. Tsayayyar Oshokenu game da rashin adalci an fallasa shi yayin da yake fushi da zaluncin su, yana ihu, "Me ya sa kuna ɗaukar mata kawai? Maza ma suna tare da su. A matsayin horo ga rashin biyayya, masu karɓar haraji sun hukunta shi ba tare da tausayi ba ta hanyar karkatar da fuskarsa a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na jama'a a matsayin nuni na iko. Oshokenu yana so ya auri Abebi, kyakkyawar mace mai suna Egba, kamar yadda aka san shi da zama manomi mai laushi. Ya samu nasarar neman ta tare da taimakon Lisabi, kuma Abebi ya yarda da auren. Amma a ranar bikin auren Oshokenu, Sangodeyi da mutanensa sun yi niyya da shi a kokarin karya ruhunsa. Sangodeyi ya yi wa Abebi fyade sosai yayin da aka tsayar da ita a kan hanyar zuwa sabon gidanta. Abin takaici, Abebi ta kawo karshen rayuwarta saboda damuwa da kunya sun lalata ta.6 Bayan ya yi fushi game da mutuwar Abebi, Oshokenu ya tashi don neman fansa. Ya yi yaƙi da masu tarawa kuma ya kashe goma daga cikinsu kafin a harbe shi kuma a kashe shi. Yana kusa da mutuwa lokacin da Lisabi ta same shi. A kan gadonsa na mutuwa, Oshokenu ya roƙe kusa da abokinsa. Bayan tattaunawa mai tausayi tare da abokinsa mai mutuwa, Lisabi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin gwagwarmayar mutanen Egba don adalci. Ya zo da wani shiri inda manoma za su bayyana su yi aiki tare kuma a cikin hadin kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin noma na al'umma don kawar da tuhumar da sojojin Oyo suka yi. Koyaya, Lisabi tana shirya ƙarin bayani a asirce: don shirya mutanen Egba don tayar da kayar baya ga masu mulkin su. Lisabi ta hanyar dabarun ta kafa kungiyar Aaro, ƙungiyar aiki ta al'umma wacce a asirce ta haifar da tashin hankali na Egba. Yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tare da shugabanninsu na Oyo, Lisabi ya shirya tawaye a ɓoye, wanda ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani inda Egba ya yi nasara, a ƙarshe ya sami 'yancin kai. == Masu ba da labari ==   * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Lisabi * [[Ibrahim Chatta]] a matsayin Songodeyi * [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] a matsayin Osokenu * [[Odunlade Adekola]] a matsayin [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] (Oloyo) * [[Femi Adebayo]] a matsayin Olu Olodan * Roseline Afije "Liquorose" a matsayin Abebi * [[Adebimpe Oyebade|Oyebade Adebimpe Adedimeji]] a matsayin Ikeola * [[Ibrahim Yekini]] Icon a matsayin Salako * Olarotimi Michael Fakunle a matsayin Ogunlana * [[Jide Awobona]] a matsayin Osobande * [[Gabriel Afolayan]] a matsayin Odunbamitefa * Kola Ajeyemi a matsayin Akinolu * Boma Akpore a matsayin Osogbenro * [[Olumide Oworu]] a matsayin Bejide * [[Kelvin Ikeduba|Kevin Ikeduba]] a matsayin Obimodede * [[Seun Akindele]] a matsayin Oduyale * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] a matsayin Alake * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Onitumọ * Atobiloye Kelvin a matsayin Akilapa * [[Efe Irele]] a matsayin Idon * [[Seun Ajayi]] a matsayin Olo Olori Ilari * Damilola Ogunsi a matsayin Jogbo * [[Eniola Ajao|Eniola T. Ajao]] a matsayin Orosola * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sabon Janar (Aronimoja) * Jaiye Kuti a matsayin Edioke == Fitarwa == Lisabi: An fara sanar da tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bangare na bangare biyu na [[Netflix]] a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2024, yana nuna ɗayan mahimman ayyukan sabis ɗin yawo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Yarabawa|Tarihin Yoruba]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Announces Two-Part Yoruba Epic "Lisabi" |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/netflix-announces-two-part-yoruba-epic-lisabi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Kashi na farko, The Uprising, an saita shi don saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, tare da sakamakonsa, ''Lisabi: An haifi Labari'', wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2025. Fim din samfurin Nollywood ne na "New Nollywood", wanda ke da niyyar ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, labaran da aka samo daga al'adu, da kuma tarihin lokaci wanda ya rinjayi fim din duniya. [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ne ya ba da umarni, wanda aka sani da hada mysticism tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, fim din yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari a cikin fina-finai na al'adun Yoruba, tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda ya wuce N200 miliyan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2024-09-28 |title=Lisabi The Uprising: An Ambitious Epic Weighed Down by CGI – |url=https://nollycritic.com/lisabi-the-uprising-an-ambitious-epic-weighed-down-by-cgi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> &nbsp;A cikin jagorancin samarwa, Akinmolayan ya bayyana cewa asalin fim din ya wuce sa'o'i uku. Ya bayyana cewa Netflix ya ba da shawarar raba shi zuwa kashi biyu don haka masu sauraro ba za su zauna ta hanyar tsawo guda ɗaya ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=2025-01-14 |title=Niyi Akinmolayan Talks 'Lisabi' and the Way Forward for Nollywood {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niyi-akinmolayan-talks-lisabi-and-the-way-forward-for-nollywood/190527 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi da abokan aikinsa (ciki har da Yinka Olaoye) sannan suka sake fasalin labarin: The Uprising ya jaddada farkon tawaye na Lisabi, yayin da A Legend Is Born ke kula da gadonsa, abubuwan almara, da kuma sakamakonsa.<ref name=":5" /> Kungiyar samar da Lisabi ta sanya shi fifiko don amfani da 'yan Najeriya kawai. A cikin wata hira da BusinessDay, Akinmolayan ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan samar da fim din 100% 'yan Najeriya ne, suna kawar da dogaro da tarihin [[Nollywood]] ga kwararru na fasaha na kasashen waje.Zaɓin ya kasance mai kyau da siyasa: don nuna cewa masu shirya fina-finai na gida na iya isar da sikelin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Anthill Studios, gidan samar da Akinmolayan, ya haɗu da Netflix da Al Notions Studios don aiwatar da aikin. A cikin tambayoyin, Akinmolayan ya yi jayayya cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki sune babbar ƙalubalen Nollywood ba kerawa ba.<ref name=":5" /> Fim din ya sami tallafi daga [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] da Gwamnan Jihar Ogun, [[Dapo Abiodun|Yarima Dapo Abiodun]] don taimakawa wajen inganta tarihin Najeriya da al'adun ga masu sauraro na duniya.{{Quote box|"After my exploits in ''[[Ayinla (film)|Ayinla]]'', I knew I had to do this to further glorify my Egba heritage. Egba people, this is for you. The entire Yoruba, Africa and Blacks worldwide, this is for you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=I Shot Lisabi To Glorify My Egba Heritage — Adedimeji Lateef|url=https://independent.ng/i-shot-lisabi-to-glorify-my-egba-heritage-adedimeji-lateef/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-10-30 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>|3=Adedimeji Lateef on the motive behind ''Lisabi'' for [[Independent Nigeria]]|width=20%}}An fara samar da shi ne a matsayin aikin sha'awa ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai gabatar da fina-finai [[Lateef Adedimeji]], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar aikin da ya yi a baya wanda ya ba da umarnin fim din ''[[Ayinla (fim)|Ayinla]]'' (2021) don sanya a allon labarin jarumai Yoruba da ba a san su sosai ba. Adedimeji, wanda kuma ya taka rawar Lisabi, yana so ya ilimantar da matasa game da irin su Lisabi, suna tallata fim din a matsayin tushen girman kai da 'yanci. [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi sun samar da fim din, tare da rubuta rubutun da Akinmolayan da Yinka Olaoye suka yi a kan dabarun Lisabi na karɓar al'ummar Aaro don tattarawa da makamai na mazajen Egba a matsayin aikin al'umma, kuma ba don fada ba. Fim din ya nuna Ogundoyin na [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Review: Niyi Akinmolayan's Dramatised Biopic Is a Deeply Contained Story – Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/niyi-akinmolayan-lisabi-the-uprising-review/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> "The Uprising" ya nuna karuwar zalunci tun lokacin da Daular Oyo ke biyan haraji da kuma tayar da su a kan manoma na Egba, don haka Lisabi ta motsa ta shirya tawaye. Kungiyar Aaro, hadin gwiwa ta hanyar zama na al'umma, ta sake tsarawa a asirce don horar da kuma daukar mayakan.<ref name=":4" /> === Fim === Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2024, a [[Abeokuta]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a cikin [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya, bayan watanni na samarwa da gano wuri a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An fara kama fim din ne a [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] saboda dalilai na gaskiya tare da subtitles na Turanci da aka kara a lokacin bayan samarwa. Kungiyar ta gina ƙauyukan Egba na tarihi, manyan gidaje, da sansanonin Oyo daga kayan da aka samo a cikin gida da kayan aikin da aka yi da hannu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta gine-ginen Yoruba na ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ogtv |title=LISABI: THE UPRISING' MOVIE, A REMINDER OF EGBA IDENTITY – GOV. ABIODUN |url=https://ogtv.com.ng/2024/09/28/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-a-reminder-of-egba-identity-gov-abiodun/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mai tsarawa kayan aiki Abiola Ojo ya kula da kirkirar abubuwa da yawa, gami da Fadar Alaafin, ɓoyewar Lisabi, da kuma gandun daji na Aaro, wuri na farko don wuraren horar da tawaye.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" – A Bold Yet Uneven Historical Epic |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/lisabi-the-uprising-a-bold-yet-uneven-historical-epic/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Akinmolayan ya lura cewa yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba da kuma mummunan wuri sau da yawa ya sa yin fim ya zama ƙalubale, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa. === Abubuwan gani da na musamman === Sakamakon na musamman ga Lisabi: [[Tasirin Hakeem|Hakeem Onilogbo]] ne ya samar da tashin hankali, yana sa alamun kabilun Yoruba da tufafi su zama masu gaskiya, don haka ya taimaka wajen kafa lokacin neman fim din. Anthill Studios ne ke kula da tasirin gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=14 October 2024 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Walks The Fine Line Between History And Storytelling |url=https://culturecustodian.com/lisabi-the-uprising-walks-the-fine-line-between-history-and-storytelling/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Anthill ya kara da ƙirar halitta ta CGI kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun tasirin gani na zamani don yin kwaikwayon saitunan tarihi daidai, inganta tasirin gani na fim din. Fim din ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar ikon ruhaniya na Lisabi, wanda Akinmolayan ya haɗu don inganta wasan kwaikwayo; duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da sahihanci.<ref name=":8" /> === Waƙoƙi da sauti === An kawo mawakiyar fim din Najeriya [[Tolu Obanro]] don ƙirƙirar maki ga Lisabi: The Uprising biyo bayan aikinsa akan ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' . An tsara ƙwallon ta amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Yoruba, kuma Obanro ya yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan sauti don fim din. Ya lura, "An yi amfani da dabaru da yawa wajen hada sauti na Lisabi. Na yi niyyar zurfi a duk al'amuran, gami da tasirin sauti. "Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin shirya fina-finai don jerin ayyukan fim din, yana mai cewa, "Ko da shiru wani nau'i ne na sauti; yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tewobola |first=Shalom |date=23 October 2024 |title=The Delicate Art of Sound Design in "Lisabi: The Uprising" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-delicate-art-of-sound-design-in-lisabi-the-uprising/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2024, [[Netflix]] ta ba da sanarwar sayen haƙƙin rarraba fim din Niyi Akinmolayan na baya-bayan nan, Lisabi: The Uprising, wanda aka shirya don saki a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2024, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta 12 ga Yuni, Kuto, Abeokuta, [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin wannan sanarwa, Netflix ya bayyana cewa an saki wani ci gaba mai taken ''[[lisabi: An haifi Gwarzo|Lisabi: An haifi Labari]]'' a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2024. == Karɓar baƙi == === Masu sauraro === A cewar [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya]] (NAN), Lisabi: The Uprising ya zama fim din da aka kalli na farko a kan jadawalin fim din [[Netflix]] na Najeriya, rikodin da aka samu bayan kwana uku da aka saki fim din. === Amsa mai mahimmanci === Cletus na Premium Times ya yaba da [[Ibrahim Chatta]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji]] saboda yadda suka nuna Songodeyi da Lisabi Agbongbo Akala bi da bi. Da yake bayyana fim din a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] na 2024, ya ba shi darajar 8 daga 10. Muhibat Sulaimon na ''[[TheCable]]'' ya ba da fim din 7 daga 10, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙananan kuskuren". Kodayake ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon halin da kuma kayan ado na fim din, ya nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin tasirin fim din, alal misali, yayin sauyawar abokan Lisabi zuwa dabbobi da rashin jini a lokacin da aka yanke Sangodeyi. Noghama Ehioghae na African Folder ya kimanta fim din 5.2 daga 10, yana yabon kayan ado da wadatattun al'adu da sahihanci da aka kawo ta hanyar hada raƙumi. Koyaya, ta soki fim din saboda kasancewa mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma "rashin tashin hankali da lokutan da ke da ban sha'awa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehioghae |first=Noghama |date=12 October 2024 |title=Lisabi: The Uprising Movie Review; Rise Of A Legend In The Shadow Of Oyo's Tyranny. |url=https://africanfolder.com/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-review/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[African Folder]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === A shekarar 2025 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA), an zabi Lisabi: The Uprising a cikin nau'o'i goma, gami da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Darakta, da Mafi Kyawu Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebubechukwu |first=Orji Victor |date=2025-03-27 |title=Historical Dramas Dominate AMVCAs 2025 Nominations |url=https://opencountrymag.com/historical-dramas-lisabi-the-uprising-and-seven-doors-lead-amvcas-2025-nominations/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Open Country Mag]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vivian |first=Nneka Nwajiaku |date=2025-03-24 |title="Seven Doors", "Lisabi: The Uprising" Lead AMVCA Nominations 2025 + Full List of Nominees |url=https://afrocritik.com/amvca-2025-nominations-list/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka uku.<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="10" |2025 | rowspan="10" |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka |Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Yammacin Afirka) |{{Won}} |- |Jagoran Fasaha mafi Kyawu|{{Won}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti|{{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Makeup|{{Won}} |- |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar - Oluwatoyin Balogun da [[Adebimpe Oyebade]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi - [[Mr Macaroni|Mista Macaroni]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Gyara - Anthill Studios|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography - Barnabas Emordi da [[Nora Awolowo]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor - [[Lateef Adedimeji]]|{{Nom}} |} [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], daya daga cikin manyan jihohin Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin, ta yi amfani da iko mai mahimmanci a kan yawancin makwabta, gami da Egba. Wannan iko ya kasance alama ce ta buƙatun haraji mai nauyi da aikin tilas. [[Mutanen Egba]], da ke zaune da farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin sarakunan Oyo, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa da sha'awar cin gashin kai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victor Ebimomi, Akinwunmi King |first=Anthonia Soyingbe |date=10 March 2009 |title=Lisabi Day – a Cultural Revolution of Egba People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200903100189.html}}</ref> [[File:Lisabi_GbongboAkala.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Hoton Lisabi Gbongbo Akala]] Lisabi Agbongbo Akala, babban shugaban Egba, ya kasance babban hali a wannan zamanin juriya. An haifi Lisabi a Itoku, wanda shi ne unguwa a Abeokuta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whispers |first=Tales and |title=Lisabi and the Egba Liberation Story |url=https://talesandwhispers.com/story/lisabi-and-the-egba-liberation-story |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=talesandwhispers.com |language=en}}</ref> An gane Lisabi a matsayin wanda aka ba shi da hankali, iyawar jagoranci, da kuma iyawar yaki. Lisabi ta fara tattara Aaro a asirce, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Egba, a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar juriya. A karkashin al'adar aikin al'umma, Lisabi ta shirya kuma ta ba da kayan aiki ga mutanen Egba don shirya tawaye mai yawa game da mulkin Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okùnadé |first=Johnson |date=23 August 2024 |title=Lisabi Agbongbo Akala: The Heroic Guardian of Egba Legacy |url=https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001051207/https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |archive-date=1 October 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Johnson Okunade Afro-Cultural Hub |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Ìtàn Mánigbàgbé: Àáró tó yẹ kí Lisabi gbà, ló fi bẹ ọ̀wẹ̀ láti kọlu Ìlàrí Ọlọyọ fún ìdáǹdè Ẹ́gbá |url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/afrika-50519336 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=BBC News Yorùbá |language=yo}}</ref> === Tashin hankali === An shirya kuma an kashe tashin hankali, wanda aka sani da Lisabi's Rebellion. A cikin wani hari da aka tsara, Lisabi da mabiyansa sun kaddamar da jerin hare-hare a kan sojojin da ke cikin yankin Egba. Wadannan hare-haren mamaki sun kasance da sauri da lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ikon yankin Oyo da ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Shirye-shiryen Lisabi sun dogara da dabarun 'Yan tawaye, wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kwanto da hare-hare, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Oyo su rama yadda ya kamata. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mutanen Egba sun hambarar da ikon Oyo kuma sun ayyana 'yancin kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balogun |first=Olanrewaju |title=DOCUMENTING AFRICAN HEROISM IN OLU OWOLABI'S LISABI AGBONGBO AKALA |url=https://www.academia.edu/44502751 |url-status=live |journal=Academia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162449/https://www.academia.edu/44502751/DOCUMENTING_AFRICAN_HEROISM_IN_OLU_OWOLABIS_LISABI_AGBONGBO_AKALA |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref> A Najeriya ta yanzu, Lisabi mutum ne mai daraja a tarihi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen Egba. Ana koyar da labarinsa a makarantu, kuma ana yin bikin rawar da ya taka a tarihin Egba ta hanyar al'adun al'adu, abubuwan tunawa, da ba da labari.<ref name=":1" /> Bikin Lisabi na shekara-shekara ana nuna shi da kiɗa na gargajiya, rawa, da sake nunawa na tashin hankali, yana aiki a matsayin bikin al'adun Egba da kuma tunatarwa game da muhimmancin ƙaddamar da kai. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] au6c3ikhjefnmpakwx0zb5fd82i0468 970462 970461 2026-10-22T19:51:32Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 970462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Lisabi: The Uprising fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Najeriya na 2024 wanda [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi ne suka samar da shi. Shirin ya hada da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Adebimpe Oyebade]], [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] . Fim din ya biyo bayan Lisabi Agbongbo-Akala, wani manomi da ke son fansa bayan ya ga kisan gillar da [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] da abokinsa, Songodeyi suka yi wa abokinsa na kusa. Fim din ya dogara ne akan tarihin Lisabi Rebellion na [[Abeokuta]] na ƙarni na 18. Akinmolayan ya rubuta rubutun tare da Yinka Olaoye, tare da haɗin gwiwar Al Notions Studios da Anthill Studios don haɗawa da ɗaukar motsi mai ci gaba da VFX. An yi fim din da farko a Jihar Abeokuta da Ogun, Najeriya, wurin ya nuna ainihin yanayin fim din kafin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya da kuma juriya ta tarihi na [[Mutanen Egba]] a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Nigeria: 'Lisab' An Epic Yoruba Tale To Premiere On Netflix This September |url=https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/2024/08/23/nigeria-lisab-an-epic-yoruba-tale-to-premiere-on-netflix-this-september/ |website=broadcastmediaafrica}}</ref> Lisabi: The Uprising ya fara ne a kan [[Netflix]] Najeriya a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, kuma an yaba da shi saboda abubuwan gani da daidaito na tarihi. Duk da yake wasu masu sukar sun ambaci ci gaban halayyar da ba daidai ba, fim din ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin fim na Netflix Najeriya a cikin kwanaki uku. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa da yawa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards sau uku. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=AMVCA 2025 Awards: Full List Of Winners As Lateef Adedimeji's Lisabi Clinches Prizes |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/05/10/amvca-2025-awards-full-list-of-winners-as-lateef-adedimejis-lisabi-clinches-prizes/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[Channels Television]] |language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == A ƙarshen [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], mai mulkin Olodan na mulkin Olodan, ya ki biyan haraji mai yawa da mai mulkin [[Alaafin]] na Daular Oyo ya nema daga gare shi. An kai masa hari ba tare da tausayi ba kuma an kawo shi fadar. Ana karɓar haraji a cikin kuɗi da kayan aikin gona ta hanyar tilasta daga kasuwancin mutane. [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]], wanda ya fusata da rashin amincewar Olodan, ya kashe shi a matsayin gargadi ga duk wanda ya yi ƙarfin hali ya kalubalanci. Duk da bin bukatun haraji na mutanen Egba, Sangodeyi, shugaban mara tausayi na masu karɓar haraji, da magoya bayansa masu tsoratar da su. Sun dauki fiye da abin da aka biya, sun yi wa 'yan mata fyade, kuma sun kashe wadanda suka yi tsayayya, suna sa rayuwa ba za a iya jurewa ba ga manoma da mazauna ƙauyen ƙasar Egba yayin da zaluntarsu ta kara tsanantawa. Oshokenu, abokiyar Lisabi, ta ga wani abu mai ban tsoro lokacin da masu tarawa, bayan sun karɓi duk kuɗin daga wata mace mai siyarwa, suka ɗauke da 'yarta. Tsayayyar Oshokenu game da rashin adalci an fallasa shi yayin da yake fushi da zaluncin su, yana ihu, "Me ya sa kuna ɗaukar mata kawai? Maza ma suna tare da su. A matsayin horo ga rashin biyayya, masu karɓar haraji sun hukunta shi ba tare da tausayi ba ta hanyar karkatar da fuskarsa a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na jama'a a matsayin nuni na iko. Oshokenu yana so ya auri Abebi, kyakkyawar mace mai suna Egba, kamar yadda aka san shi da zama manomi mai laushi. Ya samu nasarar neman ta tare da taimakon Lisabi, kuma Abebi ya yarda da auren. Amma a ranar bikin auren Oshokenu, Sangodeyi da mutanensa sun yi niyya da shi a kokarin karya ruhunsa. Sangodeyi ya yi wa Abebi fyade sosai yayin da aka tsayar da ita a kan hanyar zuwa sabon gidanta. Abin takaici, Abebi ta kawo karshen rayuwarta saboda damuwa da kunya sun lalata ta.6 Bayan ya yi fushi game da mutuwar Abebi, Oshokenu ya tashi don neman fansa. Ya yi yaƙi da masu tarawa kuma ya kashe goma daga cikinsu kafin a harbe shi kuma a kashe shi. Yana kusa da mutuwa lokacin da Lisabi ta same shi. A kan gadonsa na mutuwa, Oshokenu ya roƙe kusa da abokinsa. Bayan tattaunawa mai tausayi tare da abokinsa mai mutuwa, Lisabi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin gwagwarmayar mutanen Egba don adalci. Ya zo da wani shiri inda manoma za su bayyana su yi aiki tare kuma a cikin hadin kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin noma na al'umma don kawar da tuhumar da sojojin Oyo suka yi. Koyaya, Lisabi tana shirya ƙarin bayani a asirce: don shirya mutanen Egba don tayar da kayar baya ga masu mulkin su. Lisabi ta hanyar dabarun ta kafa kungiyar Aaro, ƙungiyar aiki ta al'umma wacce a asirce ta haifar da tashin hankali na Egba. Yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tare da shugabanninsu na Oyo, Lisabi ya shirya tawaye a ɓoye, wanda ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani inda Egba ya yi nasara, a ƙarshe ya sami 'yancin kai. == Masu ba da labari ==   * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Lisabi * [[Ibrahim Chatta]] a matsayin Songodeyi * [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] a matsayin Osokenu * [[Odunlade Adekola]] a matsayin [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] (Oloyo) * [[Femi Adebayo]] a matsayin Olu Olodan * Roseline Afije "Liquorose" a matsayin Abebi * [[Adebimpe Oyebade|Oyebade Adebimpe Adedimeji]] a matsayin Ikeola * [[Ibrahim Yekini]] Icon a matsayin Salako * Olarotimi Michael Fakunle a matsayin Ogunlana * [[Jide Awobona]] a matsayin Osobande * [[Gabriel Afolayan]] a matsayin Odunbamitefa * Kola Ajeyemi a matsayin Akinolu * Boma Akpore a matsayin Osogbenro * [[Olumide Oworu]] a matsayin Bejide * [[Kelvin Ikeduba|Kevin Ikeduba]] a matsayin Obimodede * [[Seun Akindele]] a matsayin Oduyale * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] a matsayin Alake * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Onitumọ * Atobiloye Kelvin a matsayin Akilapa * [[Efe Irele]] a matsayin Idon * [[Seun Ajayi]] a matsayin Olo Olori Ilari * Damilola Ogunsi a matsayin Jogbo * [[Eniola Ajao|Eniola T. Ajao]] a matsayin Orosola * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sabon Janar (Aronimoja) * Jaiye Kuti a matsayin Edioke == Fitarwa == Lisabi: An fara sanar da tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bangare na bangare biyu na [[Netflix]] a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2024, yana nuna ɗayan mahimman ayyukan sabis ɗin yawo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Yarabawa|Tarihin Yoruba]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Announces Two-Part Yoruba Epic "Lisabi" |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/netflix-announces-two-part-yoruba-epic-lisabi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Kashi na farko, The Uprising, an saita shi don saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, tare da sakamakonsa, ''Lisabi: An haifi Labari'', wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2025. Fim din samfurin Nollywood ne na "New Nollywood", wanda ke da niyyar ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, labaran da aka samo daga al'adu, da kuma tarihin lokaci wanda ya rinjayi fim din duniya. [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ne ya ba da umarni, wanda aka sani da hada mysticism tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, fim din yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari a cikin fina-finai na al'adun Yoruba, tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda ya wuce N200 miliyan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2024-09-28 |title=Lisabi The Uprising: An Ambitious Epic Weighed Down by CGI – |url=https://nollycritic.com/lisabi-the-uprising-an-ambitious-epic-weighed-down-by-cgi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> &nbsp;A cikin jagorancin samarwa, Akinmolayan ya bayyana cewa asalin fim din ya wuce sa'o'i uku. Ya bayyana cewa Netflix ya ba da shawarar raba shi zuwa kashi biyu don haka masu sauraro ba za su zauna ta hanyar tsawo guda ɗaya ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=2025-01-14 |title=Niyi Akinmolayan Talks 'Lisabi' and the Way Forward for Nollywood {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niyi-akinmolayan-talks-lisabi-and-the-way-forward-for-nollywood/190527 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi da abokan aikinsa (ciki har da Yinka Olaoye) sannan suka sake fasalin labarin: The Uprising ya jaddada farkon tawaye na Lisabi, yayin da A Legend Is Born ke kula da gadonsa, abubuwan almara, da kuma sakamakonsa.<ref name=":5" /> Kungiyar samar da Lisabi ta sanya shi fifiko don amfani da 'yan Najeriya kawai. A cikin wata hira da BusinessDay, Akinmolayan ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan samar da fim din 100% 'yan Najeriya ne, suna kawar da dogaro da tarihin [[Nollywood]] ga kwararru na fasaha na kasashen waje.Zaɓin ya kasance mai kyau da siyasa: don nuna cewa masu shirya fina-finai na gida na iya isar da sikelin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Anthill Studios, gidan samar da Akinmolayan, ya haɗu da Netflix da Al Notions Studios don aiwatar da aikin. A cikin tambayoyin, Akinmolayan ya yi jayayya cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki sune babbar ƙalubalen Nollywood ba kerawa ba.<ref name=":5" /> Fim din ya sami tallafi daga [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] da Gwamnan Jihar Ogun, [[Dapo Abiodun|Yarima Dapo Abiodun]] don taimakawa wajen inganta tarihin Najeriya da al'adun ga masu sauraro na duniya.{{Quote box|"After my exploits in ''[[Ayinla (film)|Ayinla]]'', I knew I had to do this to further glorify my Egba heritage. Egba people, this is for you. The entire Yoruba, Africa and Blacks worldwide, this is for you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=I Shot Lisabi To Glorify My Egba Heritage — Adedimeji Lateef|url=https://independent.ng/i-shot-lisabi-to-glorify-my-egba-heritage-adedimeji-lateef/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-10-30 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>|3=Adedimeji Lateef on the motive behind ''Lisabi'' for [[Independent Nigeria]]|width=20%}}An fara samar da shi ne a matsayin aikin sha'awa ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai gabatar da fina-finai [[Lateef Adedimeji]], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar aikin da ya yi a baya wanda ya ba da umarnin fim din ''[[Ayinla (fim)|Ayinla]]'' (2021) don sanya a allon labarin jarumai Yoruba da ba a san su sosai ba. Adedimeji, wanda kuma ya taka rawar Lisabi, yana so ya ilimantar da matasa game da irin su Lisabi, suna tallata fim din a matsayin tushen girman kai da 'yanci. [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi sun samar da fim din, tare da rubuta rubutun da Akinmolayan da Yinka Olaoye suka yi a kan dabarun Lisabi na karɓar al'ummar Aaro don tattarawa da makamai na mazajen Egba a matsayin aikin al'umma, kuma ba don fada ba. Fim din ya nuna Ogundoyin na [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Review: Niyi Akinmolayan's Dramatised Biopic Is a Deeply Contained Story – Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/niyi-akinmolayan-lisabi-the-uprising-review/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> "The Uprising" ya nuna karuwar zalunci tun lokacin da Daular Oyo ke biyan haraji da kuma tayar da su a kan manoma na Egba, don haka Lisabi ta motsa ta shirya tawaye. Kungiyar Aaro, hadin gwiwa ta hanyar zama na al'umma, ta sake tsarawa a asirce don horar da kuma daukar mayakan.<ref name=":4" /> === Fim === Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2024, a [[Abeokuta]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a cikin [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya, bayan watanni na samarwa da gano wuri a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An fara kama fim din ne a [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] saboda dalilai na gaskiya tare da subtitles na Turanci da aka kara a lokacin bayan samarwa. Kungiyar ta gina ƙauyukan Egba na tarihi, manyan gidaje, da sansanonin Oyo daga kayan da aka samo a cikin gida da kayan aikin da aka yi da hannu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta gine-ginen Yoruba na ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ogtv |title=LISABI: THE UPRISING' MOVIE, A REMINDER OF EGBA IDENTITY – GOV. ABIODUN |url=https://ogtv.com.ng/2024/09/28/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-a-reminder-of-egba-identity-gov-abiodun/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mai tsarawa kayan aiki Abiola Ojo ya kula da kirkirar abubuwa da yawa, gami da Fadar Alaafin, ɓoyewar Lisabi, da kuma gandun daji na Aaro, wuri na farko don wuraren horar da tawaye.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" – A Bold Yet Uneven Historical Epic |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/lisabi-the-uprising-a-bold-yet-uneven-historical-epic/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Akinmolayan ya lura cewa yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba da kuma mummunan wuri sau da yawa ya sa yin fim ya zama ƙalubale, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa. === Abubuwan gani da na musamman === Sakamakon na musamman ga Lisabi: [[Tasirin Hakeem|Hakeem Onilogbo]] ne ya samar da tashin hankali, yana sa alamun kabilun Yoruba da tufafi su zama masu gaskiya, don haka ya taimaka wajen kafa lokacin neman fim din. Anthill Studios ne ke kula da tasirin gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=14 October 2024 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Walks The Fine Line Between History And Storytelling |url=https://culturecustodian.com/lisabi-the-uprising-walks-the-fine-line-between-history-and-storytelling/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Anthill ya kara da ƙirar halitta ta CGI kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun tasirin gani na zamani don yin kwaikwayon saitunan tarihi daidai, inganta tasirin gani na fim din. Fim din ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar ikon ruhaniya na Lisabi, wanda Akinmolayan ya haɗu don inganta wasan kwaikwayo; duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da sahihanci.<ref name=":8" /> === Waƙoƙi da sauti === An kawo mawakiyar fim din Najeriya [[Tolu Obanro]] don ƙirƙirar maki ga Lisabi: The Uprising biyo bayan aikinsa akan ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' . An tsara ƙwallon ta amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Yoruba, kuma Obanro ya yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan sauti don fim din. Ya lura, "An yi amfani da dabaru da yawa wajen hada sauti na Lisabi. Na yi niyyar zurfi a duk al'amuran, gami da tasirin sauti. "Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin shirya fina-finai don jerin ayyukan fim din, yana mai cewa, "Ko da shiru wani nau'i ne na sauti; yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tewobola |first=Shalom |date=23 October 2024 |title=The Delicate Art of Sound Design in "Lisabi: The Uprising" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-delicate-art-of-sound-design-in-lisabi-the-uprising/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2024, [[Netflix]] ta ba da sanarwar sayen haƙƙin rarraba fim din Niyi Akinmolayan na baya-bayan nan, Lisabi: The Uprising, wanda aka shirya don saki a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2024, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta 12 ga Yuni, Kuto, Abeokuta, [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin wannan sanarwa, Netflix ya bayyana cewa an saki wani ci gaba mai taken ''[[lisabi: An haifi Gwarzo|Lisabi: An haifi Labari]]'' a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2024. == Karɓar baƙi == === Masu sauraro === A cewar [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya]] (NAN), Lisabi: The Uprising ya zama fim din da aka kalli na farko a kan jadawalin fim din [[Netflix]] na Najeriya, rikodin da aka samu bayan kwana uku da aka saki fim din. === Amsa mai mahimmanci === Cletus na Premium Times ya yaba da [[Ibrahim Chatta]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji]] saboda yadda suka nuna Songodeyi da Lisabi Agbongbo Akala bi da bi. Da yake bayyana fim din a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] na 2024, ya ba shi darajar 8 daga 10. Muhibat Sulaimon na ''[[TheCable]]'' ya ba da fim din 7 daga 10, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙananan kuskuren". Kodayake ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon halin da kuma kayan ado na fim din, ya nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin tasirin fim din, alal misali, yayin sauyawar abokan Lisabi zuwa dabbobi da rashin jini a lokacin da aka yanke Sangodeyi. Noghama Ehioghae na African Folder ya kimanta fim din 5.2 daga 10, yana yabon kayan ado da wadatattun al'adu da sahihanci da aka kawo ta hanyar hada raƙumi. Koyaya, ta soki fim din saboda kasancewa mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma "rashin tashin hankali da lokutan da ke da ban sha'awa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehioghae |first=Noghama |date=12 October 2024 |title=Lisabi: The Uprising Movie Review; Rise Of A Legend In The Shadow Of Oyo's Tyranny. |url=https://africanfolder.com/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-review/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[African Folder]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === A shekarar 2025 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA), an zabi Lisabi: The Uprising a cikin nau'o'i goma, gami da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Darakta, da Mafi Kyawu Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebubechukwu |first=Orji Victor |date=2025-03-27 |title=Historical Dramas Dominate AMVCAs 2025 Nominations |url=https://opencountrymag.com/historical-dramas-lisabi-the-uprising-and-seven-doors-lead-amvcas-2025-nominations/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Open Country Mag]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vivian |first=Nneka Nwajiaku |date=2025-03-24 |title="Seven Doors", "Lisabi: The Uprising" Lead AMVCA Nominations 2025 + Full List of Nominees |url=https://afrocritik.com/amvca-2025-nominations-list/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka uku.<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="10" |2025 | rowspan="10" |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka |Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Yammacin Afirka) |{{Won}} |- |Jagoran Fasaha mafi Kyawu|{{Won}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti|{{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Makeup|{{Won}} |- |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar - Oluwatoyin Balogun da [[Adebimpe Oyebade]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi - [[Mr Macaroni|Mista Macaroni]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Gyara - Anthill Studios|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography - Barnabas Emordi da [[Nora Awolowo]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor - [[Lateef Adedimeji]]|{{Nom}} |} [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], daya daga cikin manyan jihohin Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin, ta yi amfani da iko mai mahimmanci a kan yawancin makwabta, gami da Egba. Wannan iko ya kasance alama ce ta buƙatun haraji mai nauyi da aikin tilas. [[Mutanen Egba]], da ke zaune da farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin sarakunan Oyo, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa da sha'awar cin gashin kai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victor Ebimomi, Akinwunmi King |first=Anthonia Soyingbe |date=10 March 2009 |title=Lisabi Day – a Cultural Revolution of Egba People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200903100189.html}}</ref> [[File:Lisabi_GbongboAkala.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Hoton Lisabi Gbongbo Akala]] Lisabi Agbongbo Akala, babban shugaban Egba, ya kasance babban hali a wannan zamanin juriya. An haifi Lisabi a Itoku, wanda shi ne unguwa a Abeokuta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whispers |first=Tales and |title=Lisabi and the Egba Liberation Story |url=https://talesandwhispers.com/story/lisabi-and-the-egba-liberation-story |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=talesandwhispers.com |language=en}}</ref> An gane Lisabi a matsayin wanda aka ba shi da hankali, iyawar jagoranci, da kuma iyawar yaki. Lisabi ta fara tattara Aaro a asirce, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Egba, a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar juriya. A karkashin al'adar aikin al'umma, Lisabi ta shirya kuma ta ba da kayan aiki ga mutanen Egba don shirya tawaye mai yawa game da mulkin Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okùnadé |first=Johnson |date=23 August 2024 |title=Lisabi Agbongbo Akala: The Heroic Guardian of Egba Legacy |url=https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001051207/https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |archive-date=1 October 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Johnson Okunade Afro-Cultural Hub |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Ìtàn Mánigbàgbé: Àáró tó yẹ kí Lisabi gbà, ló fi bẹ ọ̀wẹ̀ láti kọlu Ìlàrí Ọlọyọ fún ìdáǹdè Ẹ́gbá |url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/afrika-50519336 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=BBC News Yorùbá |language=yo}}</ref> === Tashin hankali === An shirya kuma an kashe tashin hankali, wanda aka sani da Lisabi's Rebellion. A cikin wani hari da aka tsara, Lisabi da mabiyansa sun kaddamar da jerin hare-hare a kan sojojin da ke cikin yankin Egba. Wadannan hare-haren mamaki sun kasance da sauri da lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ikon yankin Oyo da ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Shirye-shiryen Lisabi sun dogara da dabarun 'Yan tawaye, wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kwanto da hare-hare, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Oyo su rama yadda ya kamata. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mutanen Egba sun hambarar da ikon Oyo kuma sun ayyana 'yancin kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balogun |first=Olanrewaju |title=DOCUMENTING AFRICAN HEROISM IN OLU OWOLABI'S LISABI AGBONGBO AKALA |url=https://www.academia.edu/44502751 |url-status=live |journal=Academia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162449/https://www.academia.edu/44502751/DOCUMENTING_AFRICAN_HEROISM_IN_OLU_OWOLABIS_LISABI_AGBONGBO_AKALA |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref> A Najeriya ta yanzu, Lisabi mutum ne mai daraja a tarihi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen Egba. Ana koyar da labarinsa a makarantu, kuma ana yin bikin rawar da ya taka a tarihin Egba ta hanyar al'adun al'adu, abubuwan tunawa, da ba da labari.<ref name=":1" /> Bikin Lisabi na shekara-shekara ana nuna shi da kiɗa na gargajiya, rawa, da sake nunawa na tashin hankali, yana aiki a matsayin bikin al'adun Egba da kuma tunatarwa game da muhimmancin ƙaddamar da kai. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] slwbe8thqhwizf78hv401ksc3qscb20 970463 970462 2026-10-22T19:51:59Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 970463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Lisabi: The Uprising fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Najeriya na 2024 wanda [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi ne suka samar da shi. Shirin ya hada da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Adebimpe Oyebade]], [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] . Fim din ya biyo bayan Lisabi Agbongbo-Akala, wani manomi da ke son fansa bayan ya ga kisan gillar da [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] da abokinsa, Songodeyi suka yi wa abokinsa na kusa. Fim din ya dogara ne akan tarihin Lisabi Rebellion na [[Abeokuta]] na ƙarni na 18. Akinmolayan ya rubuta rubutun tare da Yinka Olaoye, tare da haɗin gwiwar Al Notions Studios da Anthill Studios don haɗawa da ɗaukar motsi mai ci gaba da VFX. An yi fim din da farko a Jihar Abeokuta da Ogun, Najeriya, wurin ya nuna ainihin yanayin fim din kafin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya da kuma juriya ta tarihi na [[Mutanen Egba]] a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Nigeria: 'Lisab' An Epic Yoruba Tale To Premiere On Netflix This September |url=https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/2024/08/23/nigeria-lisab-an-epic-yoruba-tale-to-premiere-on-netflix-this-september/ Lisabi: The Uprising ya fara ne a kan [[Netflix]] Najeriya a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, kuma an yaba da shi saboda abubuwan gani da daidaito na tarihi. Duk da yake wasu masu sukar sun ambaci ci gaban halayyar da ba daidai ba, fim din ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin fim na Netflix Najeriya a cikin kwanaki uku. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa da yawa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards sau uku. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=AMVCA 2025 Awards: Full List Of Winners As Lateef Adedimeji's Lisabi Clinches Prizes |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/05/10/amvca-2025-awards-full-list-of-winners-as-lateef-adedimejis-lisabi-clinches-prizes/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[Channels Television]] |language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == A ƙarshen [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], mai mulkin Olodan na mulkin Olodan, ya ki biyan haraji mai yawa da mai mulkin [[Alaafin]] na Daular Oyo ya nema daga gare shi. An kai masa hari ba tare da tausayi ba kuma an kawo shi fadar. Ana karɓar haraji a cikin kuɗi da kayan aikin gona ta hanyar tilasta daga kasuwancin mutane. [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]], wanda ya fusata da rashin amincewar Olodan, ya kashe shi a matsayin gargadi ga duk wanda ya yi ƙarfin hali ya kalubalanci. Duk da bin bukatun haraji na mutanen Egba, Sangodeyi, shugaban mara tausayi na masu karɓar haraji, da magoya bayansa masu tsoratar da su. Sun dauki fiye da abin da aka biya, sun yi wa 'yan mata fyade, kuma sun kashe wadanda suka yi tsayayya, suna sa rayuwa ba za a iya jurewa ba ga manoma da mazauna ƙauyen ƙasar Egba yayin da zaluntarsu ta kara tsanantawa. Oshokenu, abokiyar Lisabi, ta ga wani abu mai ban tsoro lokacin da masu tarawa, bayan sun karɓi duk kuɗin daga wata mace mai siyarwa, suka ɗauke da 'yarta. Tsayayyar Oshokenu game da rashin adalci an fallasa shi yayin da yake fushi da zaluncin su, yana ihu, "Me ya sa kuna ɗaukar mata kawai? Maza ma suna tare da su. A matsayin horo ga rashin biyayya, masu karɓar haraji sun hukunta shi ba tare da tausayi ba ta hanyar karkatar da fuskarsa a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na jama'a a matsayin nuni na iko. Oshokenu yana so ya auri Abebi, kyakkyawar mace mai suna Egba, kamar yadda aka san shi da zama manomi mai laushi. Ya samu nasarar neman ta tare da taimakon Lisabi, kuma Abebi ya yarda da auren. Amma a ranar bikin auren Oshokenu, Sangodeyi da mutanensa sun yi niyya da shi a kokarin karya ruhunsa. Sangodeyi ya yi wa Abebi fyade sosai yayin da aka tsayar da ita a kan hanyar zuwa sabon gidanta. Abin takaici, Abebi ta kawo karshen rayuwarta saboda damuwa da kunya sun lalata ta.6 Bayan ya yi fushi game da mutuwar Abebi, Oshokenu ya tashi don neman fansa. Ya yi yaƙi da masu tarawa kuma ya kashe goma daga cikinsu kafin a harbe shi kuma a kashe shi. Yana kusa da mutuwa lokacin da Lisabi ta same shi. A kan gadonsa na mutuwa, Oshokenu ya roƙe kusa da abokinsa. Bayan tattaunawa mai tausayi tare da abokinsa mai mutuwa, Lisabi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin gwagwarmayar mutanen Egba don adalci. Ya zo da wani shiri inda manoma za su bayyana su yi aiki tare kuma a cikin hadin kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin noma na al'umma don kawar da tuhumar da sojojin Oyo suka yi. Koyaya, Lisabi tana shirya ƙarin bayani a asirce: don shirya mutanen Egba don tayar da kayar baya ga masu mulkin su. Lisabi ta hanyar dabarun ta kafa kungiyar Aaro, ƙungiyar aiki ta al'umma wacce a asirce ta haifar da tashin hankali na Egba. Yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tare da shugabanninsu na Oyo, Lisabi ya shirya tawaye a ɓoye, wanda ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani inda Egba ya yi nasara, a ƙarshe ya sami 'yancin kai. == Masu ba da labari ==   * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Lisabi * [[Ibrahim Chatta]] a matsayin Songodeyi * [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] a matsayin Osokenu * [[Odunlade Adekola]] a matsayin [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] (Oloyo) * [[Femi Adebayo]] a matsayin Olu Olodan * Roseline Afije "Liquorose" a matsayin Abebi * [[Adebimpe Oyebade|Oyebade Adebimpe Adedimeji]] a matsayin Ikeola * [[Ibrahim Yekini]] Icon a matsayin Salako * Olarotimi Michael Fakunle a matsayin Ogunlana * [[Jide Awobona]] a matsayin Osobande * [[Gabriel Afolayan]] a matsayin Odunbamitefa * Kola Ajeyemi a matsayin Akinolu * Boma Akpore a matsayin Osogbenro * [[Olumide Oworu]] a matsayin Bejide * [[Kelvin Ikeduba|Kevin Ikeduba]] a matsayin Obimodede * [[Seun Akindele]] a matsayin Oduyale * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] a matsayin Alake * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Onitumọ * Atobiloye Kelvin a matsayin Akilapa * [[Efe Irele]] a matsayin Idon * [[Seun Ajayi]] a matsayin Olo Olori Ilari * Damilola Ogunsi a matsayin Jogbo * [[Eniola Ajao|Eniola T. Ajao]] a matsayin Orosola * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sabon Janar (Aronimoja) * Jaiye Kuti a matsayin Edioke == Fitarwa == Lisabi: An fara sanar da tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bangare na bangare biyu na [[Netflix]] a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2024, yana nuna ɗayan mahimman ayyukan sabis ɗin yawo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Yarabawa|Tarihin Yoruba]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Announces Two-Part Yoruba Epic "Lisabi" |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/netflix-announces-two-part-yoruba-epic-lisabi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Kashi na farko, The Uprising, an saita shi don saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, tare da sakamakonsa, ''Lisabi: An haifi Labari'', wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2025. Fim din samfurin Nollywood ne na "New Nollywood", wanda ke da niyyar ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, labaran da aka samo daga al'adu, da kuma tarihin lokaci wanda ya rinjayi fim din duniya. [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ne ya ba da umarni, wanda aka sani da hada mysticism tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, fim din yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari a cikin fina-finai na al'adun Yoruba, tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda ya wuce N200 miliyan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2024-09-28 |title=Lisabi The Uprising: An Ambitious Epic Weighed Down by CGI – |url=https://nollycritic.com/lisabi-the-uprising-an-ambitious-epic-weighed-down-by-cgi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> &nbsp;A cikin jagorancin samarwa, Akinmolayan ya bayyana cewa asalin fim din ya wuce sa'o'i uku. Ya bayyana cewa Netflix ya ba da shawarar raba shi zuwa kashi biyu don haka masu sauraro ba za su zauna ta hanyar tsawo guda ɗaya ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=2025-01-14 |title=Niyi Akinmolayan Talks 'Lisabi' and the Way Forward for Nollywood {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niyi-akinmolayan-talks-lisabi-and-the-way-forward-for-nollywood/190527 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi da abokan aikinsa (ciki har da Yinka Olaoye) sannan suka sake fasalin labarin: The Uprising ya jaddada farkon tawaye na Lisabi, yayin da A Legend Is Born ke kula da gadonsa, abubuwan almara, da kuma sakamakonsa.<ref name=":5" /> Kungiyar samar da Lisabi ta sanya shi fifiko don amfani da 'yan Najeriya kawai. A cikin wata hira da BusinessDay, Akinmolayan ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan samar da fim din 100% 'yan Najeriya ne, suna kawar da dogaro da tarihin [[Nollywood]] ga kwararru na fasaha na kasashen waje.Zaɓin ya kasance mai kyau da siyasa: don nuna cewa masu shirya fina-finai na gida na iya isar da sikelin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Anthill Studios, gidan samar da Akinmolayan, ya haɗu da Netflix da Al Notions Studios don aiwatar da aikin. A cikin tambayoyin, Akinmolayan ya yi jayayya cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki sune babbar ƙalubalen Nollywood ba kerawa ba.<ref name=":5" /> Fim din ya sami tallafi daga [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] da Gwamnan Jihar Ogun, [[Dapo Abiodun|Yarima Dapo Abiodun]] don taimakawa wajen inganta tarihin Najeriya da al'adun ga masu sauraro na duniya.{{Quote box|"After my exploits in ''[[Ayinla (film)|Ayinla]]'', I knew I had to do this to further glorify my Egba heritage. Egba people, this is for you. The entire Yoruba, Africa and Blacks worldwide, this is for you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=I Shot Lisabi To Glorify My Egba Heritage — Adedimeji Lateef|url=https://independent.ng/i-shot-lisabi-to-glorify-my-egba-heritage-adedimeji-lateef/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-10-30 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>|3=Adedimeji Lateef on the motive behind ''Lisabi'' for [[Independent Nigeria]]|width=20%}}An fara samar da shi ne a matsayin aikin sha'awa ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai gabatar da fina-finai [[Lateef Adedimeji]], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar aikin da ya yi a baya wanda ya ba da umarnin fim din ''[[Ayinla (fim)|Ayinla]]'' (2021) don sanya a allon labarin jarumai Yoruba da ba a san su sosai ba. Adedimeji, wanda kuma ya taka rawar Lisabi, yana so ya ilimantar da matasa game da irin su Lisabi, suna tallata fim din a matsayin tushen girman kai da 'yanci. [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi sun samar da fim din, tare da rubuta rubutun da Akinmolayan da Yinka Olaoye suka yi a kan dabarun Lisabi na karɓar al'ummar Aaro don tattarawa da makamai na mazajen Egba a matsayin aikin al'umma, kuma ba don fada ba. Fim din ya nuna Ogundoyin na [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Review: Niyi Akinmolayan's Dramatised Biopic Is a Deeply Contained Story – Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/niyi-akinmolayan-lisabi-the-uprising-review/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> "The Uprising" ya nuna karuwar zalunci tun lokacin da Daular Oyo ke biyan haraji da kuma tayar da su a kan manoma na Egba, don haka Lisabi ta motsa ta shirya tawaye. Kungiyar Aaro, hadin gwiwa ta hanyar zama na al'umma, ta sake tsarawa a asirce don horar da kuma daukar mayakan.<ref name=":4" /> === Fim === Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2024, a [[Abeokuta]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a cikin [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya, bayan watanni na samarwa da gano wuri a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An fara kama fim din ne a [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] saboda dalilai na gaskiya tare da subtitles na Turanci da aka kara a lokacin bayan samarwa. Kungiyar ta gina ƙauyukan Egba na tarihi, manyan gidaje, da sansanonin Oyo daga kayan da aka samo a cikin gida da kayan aikin da aka yi da hannu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta gine-ginen Yoruba na ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ogtv |title=LISABI: THE UPRISING' MOVIE, A REMINDER OF EGBA IDENTITY – GOV. ABIODUN |url=https://ogtv.com.ng/2024/09/28/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-a-reminder-of-egba-identity-gov-abiodun/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mai tsarawa kayan aiki Abiola Ojo ya kula da kirkirar abubuwa da yawa, gami da Fadar Alaafin, ɓoyewar Lisabi, da kuma gandun daji na Aaro, wuri na farko don wuraren horar da tawaye.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" – A Bold Yet Uneven Historical Epic |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/lisabi-the-uprising-a-bold-yet-uneven-historical-epic/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Akinmolayan ya lura cewa yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba da kuma mummunan wuri sau da yawa ya sa yin fim ya zama ƙalubale, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa. === Abubuwan gani da na musamman === Sakamakon na musamman ga Lisabi: [[Tasirin Hakeem|Hakeem Onilogbo]] ne ya samar da tashin hankali, yana sa alamun kabilun Yoruba da tufafi su zama masu gaskiya, don haka ya taimaka wajen kafa lokacin neman fim din. Anthill Studios ne ke kula da tasirin gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=14 October 2024 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Walks The Fine Line Between History And Storytelling |url=https://culturecustodian.com/lisabi-the-uprising-walks-the-fine-line-between-history-and-storytelling/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Anthill ya kara da ƙirar halitta ta CGI kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun tasirin gani na zamani don yin kwaikwayon saitunan tarihi daidai, inganta tasirin gani na fim din. Fim din ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar ikon ruhaniya na Lisabi, wanda Akinmolayan ya haɗu don inganta wasan kwaikwayo; duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da sahihanci.<ref name=":8" /> === Waƙoƙi da sauti === An kawo mawakiyar fim din Najeriya [[Tolu Obanro]] don ƙirƙirar maki ga Lisabi: The Uprising biyo bayan aikinsa akan ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' . An tsara ƙwallon ta amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Yoruba, kuma Obanro ya yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan sauti don fim din. Ya lura, "An yi amfani da dabaru da yawa wajen hada sauti na Lisabi. Na yi niyyar zurfi a duk al'amuran, gami da tasirin sauti. "Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin shirya fina-finai don jerin ayyukan fim din, yana mai cewa, "Ko da shiru wani nau'i ne na sauti; yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tewobola |first=Shalom |date=23 October 2024 |title=The Delicate Art of Sound Design in "Lisabi: The Uprising" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-delicate-art-of-sound-design-in-lisabi-the-uprising/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2024, [[Netflix]] ta ba da sanarwar sayen haƙƙin rarraba fim din Niyi Akinmolayan na baya-bayan nan, Lisabi: The Uprising, wanda aka shirya don saki a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2024, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta 12 ga Yuni, Kuto, Abeokuta, [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin wannan sanarwa, Netflix ya bayyana cewa an saki wani ci gaba mai taken ''[[lisabi: An haifi Gwarzo|Lisabi: An haifi Labari]]'' a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2024. == Karɓar baƙi == === Masu sauraro === A cewar [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya]] (NAN), Lisabi: The Uprising ya zama fim din da aka kalli na farko a kan jadawalin fim din [[Netflix]] na Najeriya, rikodin da aka samu bayan kwana uku da aka saki fim din. === Amsa mai mahimmanci === Cletus na Premium Times ya yaba da [[Ibrahim Chatta]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji]] saboda yadda suka nuna Songodeyi da Lisabi Agbongbo Akala bi da bi. Da yake bayyana fim din a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] na 2024, ya ba shi darajar 8 daga 10. Muhibat Sulaimon na ''[[TheCable]]'' ya ba da fim din 7 daga 10, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙananan kuskuren". Kodayake ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon halin da kuma kayan ado na fim din, ya nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin tasirin fim din, alal misali, yayin sauyawar abokan Lisabi zuwa dabbobi da rashin jini a lokacin da aka yanke Sangodeyi. Noghama Ehioghae na African Folder ya kimanta fim din 5.2 daga 10, yana yabon kayan ado da wadatattun al'adu da sahihanci da aka kawo ta hanyar hada raƙumi. Koyaya, ta soki fim din saboda kasancewa mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma "rashin tashin hankali da lokutan da ke da ban sha'awa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehioghae |first=Noghama |date=12 October 2024 |title=Lisabi: The Uprising Movie Review; Rise Of A Legend In The Shadow Of Oyo's Tyranny. |url=https://africanfolder.com/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-review/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[African Folder]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === A shekarar 2025 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA), an zabi Lisabi: The Uprising a cikin nau'o'i goma, gami da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Darakta, da Mafi Kyawu Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebubechukwu |first=Orji Victor |date=2025-03-27 |title=Historical Dramas Dominate AMVCAs 2025 Nominations |url=https://opencountrymag.com/historical-dramas-lisabi-the-uprising-and-seven-doors-lead-amvcas-2025-nominations/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Open Country Mag]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vivian |first=Nneka Nwajiaku |date=2025-03-24 |title="Seven Doors", "Lisabi: The Uprising" Lead AMVCA Nominations 2025 + Full List of Nominees |url=https://afrocritik.com/amvca-2025-nominations-list/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka uku.<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="10" |2025 | rowspan="10" |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka |Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Yammacin Afirka) |{{Won}} |- |Jagoran Fasaha mafi Kyawu|{{Won}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti|{{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Makeup|{{Won}} |- |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar - Oluwatoyin Balogun da [[Adebimpe Oyebade]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi - [[Mr Macaroni|Mista Macaroni]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Gyara - Anthill Studios|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography - Barnabas Emordi da [[Nora Awolowo]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor - [[Lateef Adedimeji]]|{{Nom}} |} [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], daya daga cikin manyan jihohin Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin, ta yi amfani da iko mai mahimmanci a kan yawancin makwabta, gami da Egba. Wannan iko ya kasance alama ce ta buƙatun haraji mai nauyi da aikin tilas. [[Mutanen Egba]], da ke zaune da farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin sarakunan Oyo, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa da sha'awar cin gashin kai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victor Ebimomi, Akinwunmi King |first=Anthonia Soyingbe |date=10 March 2009 |title=Lisabi Day – a Cultural Revolution of Egba People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200903100189.html}}</ref> [[File:Lisabi_GbongboAkala.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Hoton Lisabi Gbongbo Akala]] Lisabi Agbongbo Akala, babban shugaban Egba, ya kasance babban hali a wannan zamanin juriya. An haifi Lisabi a Itoku, wanda shi ne unguwa a Abeokuta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whispers |first=Tales and |title=Lisabi and the Egba Liberation Story |url=https://talesandwhispers.com/story/lisabi-and-the-egba-liberation-story |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=talesandwhispers.com |language=en}}</ref> An gane Lisabi a matsayin wanda aka ba shi da hankali, iyawar jagoranci, da kuma iyawar yaki. Lisabi ta fara tattara Aaro a asirce, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Egba, a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar juriya. A karkashin al'adar aikin al'umma, Lisabi ta shirya kuma ta ba da kayan aiki ga mutanen Egba don shirya tawaye mai yawa game da mulkin Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okùnadé |first=Johnson |date=23 August 2024 |title=Lisabi Agbongbo Akala: The Heroic Guardian of Egba Legacy |url=https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001051207/https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |archive-date=1 October 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Johnson Okunade Afro-Cultural Hub |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Ìtàn Mánigbàgbé: Àáró tó yẹ kí Lisabi gbà, ló fi bẹ ọ̀wẹ̀ láti kọlu Ìlàrí Ọlọyọ fún ìdáǹdè Ẹ́gbá |url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/afrika-50519336 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=BBC News Yorùbá |language=yo}}</ref> === Tashin hankali === An shirya kuma an kashe tashin hankali, wanda aka sani da Lisabi's Rebellion. A cikin wani hari da aka tsara, Lisabi da mabiyansa sun kaddamar da jerin hare-hare a kan sojojin da ke cikin yankin Egba. Wadannan hare-haren mamaki sun kasance da sauri da lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ikon yankin Oyo da ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Shirye-shiryen Lisabi sun dogara da dabarun 'Yan tawaye, wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kwanto da hare-hare, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Oyo su rama yadda ya kamata. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mutanen Egba sun hambarar da ikon Oyo kuma sun ayyana 'yancin kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balogun |first=Olanrewaju |title=DOCUMENTING AFRICAN HEROISM IN OLU OWOLABI'S LISABI AGBONGBO AKALA |url=https://www.academia.edu/44502751 |url-status=live |journal=Academia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162449/https://www.academia.edu/44502751/DOCUMENTING_AFRICAN_HEROISM_IN_OLU_OWOLABIS_LISABI_AGBONGBO_AKALA |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref> A Najeriya ta yanzu, Lisabi mutum ne mai daraja a tarihi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen Egba. Ana koyar da labarinsa a makarantu, kuma ana yin bikin rawar da ya taka a tarihin Egba ta hanyar al'adun al'adu, abubuwan tunawa, da ba da labari.<ref name=":1" /> Bikin Lisabi na shekara-shekara ana nuna shi da kiɗa na gargajiya, rawa, da sake nunawa na tashin hankali, yana aiki a matsayin bikin al'adun Egba da kuma tunatarwa game da muhimmancin ƙaddamar da kai. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8r08ay56yrum3qr1uu652jnw6kjntne 970464 970463 2026-10-22T19:52:27Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 970464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Lisabi: The Uprising fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Najeriya na 2024 wanda [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi ne suka samar da shi. Shirin ya hada da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Adebimpe Oyebade]], [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] . Fim din ya biyo bayan Lisabi Agbongbo-Akala, wani manomi da ke son fansa bayan ya ga kisan gillar da [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] da abokinsa, Songodeyi suka yi wa abokinsa na kusa. Fim din ya dogara ne akan tarihin Lisabi Rebellion na [[Abeokuta]] na ƙarni na 18. Akinmolayan ya rubuta rubutun tare da Yinka Olaoye, tare da haɗin gwiwar Al Notions Studios da Anthill Studios don haɗawa da ɗaukar motsi mai ci gaba da VFX. An yi fim din da farko a Jihar Abeokuta da Ogun, Najeriya, wurin ya nuna ainihin yanayin fim din kafin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya da kuma juriya ta tarihi na [[Mutanen Egba]] a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Nigeria: 'Lisab' An Epic Yoruba Tale To Premiere On Netflix This September |url=https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/2024/08/23/nigeria-lisab-an-epic-yoruba-tale-to-premiere-on-netfli Lisabi: The Uprising ya fara ne a kan [[Netflix]] Najeriya a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, kuma an yaba da shi saboda abubuwan gani da daidaito na tarihi. Duk da yake wasu masu sukar sun ambaci ci gaban halayyar da ba daidai ba, fim din ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin fim na Netflix Najeriya a cikin kwanaki uku. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa da yawa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards sau uku. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=AMVCA 2025 Awards: Full List Of Winners As Lateef Adedimeji's Lisabi Clinches Prizes |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/05/10/amvca-2025-awards-full-list-of-winners-as-lateef-adedimejis-lisabi-clinches-prizes/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[Channels Television]] |language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == A ƙarshen [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], mai mulkin Olodan na mulkin Olodan, ya ki biyan haraji mai yawa da mai mulkin [[Alaafin]] na Daular Oyo ya nema daga gare shi. An kai masa hari ba tare da tausayi ba kuma an kawo shi fadar. Ana karɓar haraji a cikin kuɗi da kayan aikin gona ta hanyar tilasta daga kasuwancin mutane. [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]], wanda ya fusata da rashin amincewar Olodan, ya kashe shi a matsayin gargadi ga duk wanda ya yi ƙarfin hali ya kalubalanci. Duk da bin bukatun haraji na mutanen Egba, Sangodeyi, shugaban mara tausayi na masu karɓar haraji, da magoya bayansa masu tsoratar da su. Sun dauki fiye da abin da aka biya, sun yi wa 'yan mata fyade, kuma sun kashe wadanda suka yi tsayayya, suna sa rayuwa ba za a iya jurewa ba ga manoma da mazauna ƙauyen ƙasar Egba yayin da zaluntarsu ta kara tsanantawa. Oshokenu, abokiyar Lisabi, ta ga wani abu mai ban tsoro lokacin da masu tarawa, bayan sun karɓi duk kuɗin daga wata mace mai siyarwa, suka ɗauke da 'yarta. Tsayayyar Oshokenu game da rashin adalci an fallasa shi yayin da yake fushi da zaluncin su, yana ihu, "Me ya sa kuna ɗaukar mata kawai? Maza ma suna tare da su. A matsayin horo ga rashin biyayya, masu karɓar haraji sun hukunta shi ba tare da tausayi ba ta hanyar karkatar da fuskarsa a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na jama'a a matsayin nuni na iko. Oshokenu yana so ya auri Abebi, kyakkyawar mace mai suna Egba, kamar yadda aka san shi da zama manomi mai laushi. Ya samu nasarar neman ta tare da taimakon Lisabi, kuma Abebi ya yarda da auren. Amma a ranar bikin auren Oshokenu, Sangodeyi da mutanensa sun yi niyya da shi a kokarin karya ruhunsa. Sangodeyi ya yi wa Abebi fyade sosai yayin da aka tsayar da ita a kan hanyar zuwa sabon gidanta. Abin takaici, Abebi ta kawo karshen rayuwarta saboda damuwa da kunya sun lalata ta.6 Bayan ya yi fushi game da mutuwar Abebi, Oshokenu ya tashi don neman fansa. Ya yi yaƙi da masu tarawa kuma ya kashe goma daga cikinsu kafin a harbe shi kuma a kashe shi. Yana kusa da mutuwa lokacin da Lisabi ta same shi. A kan gadonsa na mutuwa, Oshokenu ya roƙe kusa da abokinsa. Bayan tattaunawa mai tausayi tare da abokinsa mai mutuwa, Lisabi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin gwagwarmayar mutanen Egba don adalci. Ya zo da wani shiri inda manoma za su bayyana su yi aiki tare kuma a cikin hadin kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin noma na al'umma don kawar da tuhumar da sojojin Oyo suka yi. Koyaya, Lisabi tana shirya ƙarin bayani a asirce: don shirya mutanen Egba don tayar da kayar baya ga masu mulkin su. Lisabi ta hanyar dabarun ta kafa kungiyar Aaro, ƙungiyar aiki ta al'umma wacce a asirce ta haifar da tashin hankali na Egba. Yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tare da shugabanninsu na Oyo, Lisabi ya shirya tawaye a ɓoye, wanda ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani inda Egba ya yi nasara, a ƙarshe ya sami 'yancin kai. == Masu ba da labari ==   * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Lisabi * [[Ibrahim Chatta]] a matsayin Songodeyi * [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] a matsayin Osokenu * [[Odunlade Adekola]] a matsayin [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] (Oloyo) * [[Femi Adebayo]] a matsayin Olu Olodan * Roseline Afije "Liquorose" a matsayin Abebi * [[Adebimpe Oyebade|Oyebade Adebimpe Adedimeji]] a matsayin Ikeola * [[Ibrahim Yekini]] Icon a matsayin Salako * Olarotimi Michael Fakunle a matsayin Ogunlana * [[Jide Awobona]] a matsayin Osobande * [[Gabriel Afolayan]] a matsayin Odunbamitefa * Kola Ajeyemi a matsayin Akinolu * Boma Akpore a matsayin Osogbenro * [[Olumide Oworu]] a matsayin Bejide * [[Kelvin Ikeduba|Kevin Ikeduba]] a matsayin Obimodede * [[Seun Akindele]] a matsayin Oduyale * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] a matsayin Alake * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Onitumọ * Atobiloye Kelvin a matsayin Akilapa * [[Efe Irele]] a matsayin Idon * [[Seun Ajayi]] a matsayin Olo Olori Ilari * Damilola Ogunsi a matsayin Jogbo * [[Eniola Ajao|Eniola T. Ajao]] a matsayin Orosola * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sabon Janar (Aronimoja) * Jaiye Kuti a matsayin Edioke == Fitarwa == Lisabi: An fara sanar da tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bangare na bangare biyu na [[Netflix]] a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2024, yana nuna ɗayan mahimman ayyukan sabis ɗin yawo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Yarabawa|Tarihin Yoruba]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Announces Two-Part Yoruba Epic "Lisabi" |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/netflix-announces-two-part-yoruba-epic-lisabi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Kashi na farko, The Uprising, an saita shi don saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, tare da sakamakonsa, ''Lisabi: An haifi Labari'', wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2025. Fim din samfurin Nollywood ne na "New Nollywood", wanda ke da niyyar ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, labaran da aka samo daga al'adu, da kuma tarihin lokaci wanda ya rinjayi fim din duniya. [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ne ya ba da umarni, wanda aka sani da hada mysticism tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, fim din yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari a cikin fina-finai na al'adun Yoruba, tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda ya wuce N200 miliyan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2024-09-28 |title=Lisabi The Uprising: An Ambitious Epic Weighed Down by CGI – |url=https://nollycritic.com/lisabi-the-uprising-an-ambitious-epic-weighed-down-by-cgi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> &nbsp;A cikin jagorancin samarwa, Akinmolayan ya bayyana cewa asalin fim din ya wuce sa'o'i uku. Ya bayyana cewa Netflix ya ba da shawarar raba shi zuwa kashi biyu don haka masu sauraro ba za su zauna ta hanyar tsawo guda ɗaya ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=2025-01-14 |title=Niyi Akinmolayan Talks 'Lisabi' and the Way Forward for Nollywood {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niyi-akinmolayan-talks-lisabi-and-the-way-forward-for-nollywood/190527 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi da abokan aikinsa (ciki har da Yinka Olaoye) sannan suka sake fasalin labarin: The Uprising ya jaddada farkon tawaye na Lisabi, yayin da A Legend Is Born ke kula da gadonsa, abubuwan almara, da kuma sakamakonsa.<ref name=":5" /> Kungiyar samar da Lisabi ta sanya shi fifiko don amfani da 'yan Najeriya kawai. A cikin wata hira da BusinessDay, Akinmolayan ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan samar da fim din 100% 'yan Najeriya ne, suna kawar da dogaro da tarihin [[Nollywood]] ga kwararru na fasaha na kasashen waje.Zaɓin ya kasance mai kyau da siyasa: don nuna cewa masu shirya fina-finai na gida na iya isar da sikelin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Anthill Studios, gidan samar da Akinmolayan, ya haɗu da Netflix da Al Notions Studios don aiwatar da aikin. A cikin tambayoyin, Akinmolayan ya yi jayayya cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki sune babbar ƙalubalen Nollywood ba kerawa ba.<ref name=":5" /> Fim din ya sami tallafi daga [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] da Gwamnan Jihar Ogun, [[Dapo Abiodun|Yarima Dapo Abiodun]] don taimakawa wajen inganta tarihin Najeriya da al'adun ga masu sauraro na duniya.{{Quote box|"After my exploits in ''[[Ayinla (film)|Ayinla]]'', I knew I had to do this to further glorify my Egba heritage. Egba people, this is for you. The entire Yoruba, Africa and Blacks worldwide, this is for you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=I Shot Lisabi To Glorify My Egba Heritage — Adedimeji Lateef|url=https://independent.ng/i-shot-lisabi-to-glorify-my-egba-heritage-adedimeji-lateef/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-10-30 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>|3=Adedimeji Lateef on the motive behind ''Lisabi'' for [[Independent Nigeria]]|width=20%}}An fara samar da shi ne a matsayin aikin sha'awa ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai gabatar da fina-finai [[Lateef Adedimeji]], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar aikin da ya yi a baya wanda ya ba da umarnin fim din ''[[Ayinla (fim)|Ayinla]]'' (2021) don sanya a allon labarin jarumai Yoruba da ba a san su sosai ba. Adedimeji, wanda kuma ya taka rawar Lisabi, yana so ya ilimantar da matasa game da irin su Lisabi, suna tallata fim din a matsayin tushen girman kai da 'yanci. [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi sun samar da fim din, tare da rubuta rubutun da Akinmolayan da Yinka Olaoye suka yi a kan dabarun Lisabi na karɓar al'ummar Aaro don tattarawa da makamai na mazajen Egba a matsayin aikin al'umma, kuma ba don fada ba. Fim din ya nuna Ogundoyin na [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Review: Niyi Akinmolayan's Dramatised Biopic Is a Deeply Contained Story – Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/niyi-akinmolayan-lisabi-the-uprising-review/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> "The Uprising" ya nuna karuwar zalunci tun lokacin da Daular Oyo ke biyan haraji da kuma tayar da su a kan manoma na Egba, don haka Lisabi ta motsa ta shirya tawaye. Kungiyar Aaro, hadin gwiwa ta hanyar zama na al'umma, ta sake tsarawa a asirce don horar da kuma daukar mayakan.<ref name=":4" /> === Fim === Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2024, a [[Abeokuta]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a cikin [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya, bayan watanni na samarwa da gano wuri a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An fara kama fim din ne a [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] saboda dalilai na gaskiya tare da subtitles na Turanci da aka kara a lokacin bayan samarwa. Kungiyar ta gina ƙauyukan Egba na tarihi, manyan gidaje, da sansanonin Oyo daga kayan da aka samo a cikin gida da kayan aikin da aka yi da hannu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta gine-ginen Yoruba na ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ogtv |title=LISABI: THE UPRISING' MOVIE, A REMINDER OF EGBA IDENTITY – GOV. ABIODUN |url=https://ogtv.com.ng/2024/09/28/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-a-reminder-of-egba-identity-gov-abiodun/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mai tsarawa kayan aiki Abiola Ojo ya kula da kirkirar abubuwa da yawa, gami da Fadar Alaafin, ɓoyewar Lisabi, da kuma gandun daji na Aaro, wuri na farko don wuraren horar da tawaye.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" – A Bold Yet Uneven Historical Epic |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/lisabi-the-uprising-a-bold-yet-uneven-historical-epic/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Akinmolayan ya lura cewa yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba da kuma mummunan wuri sau da yawa ya sa yin fim ya zama ƙalubale, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa. === Abubuwan gani da na musamman === Sakamakon na musamman ga Lisabi: [[Tasirin Hakeem|Hakeem Onilogbo]] ne ya samar da tashin hankali, yana sa alamun kabilun Yoruba da tufafi su zama masu gaskiya, don haka ya taimaka wajen kafa lokacin neman fim din. Anthill Studios ne ke kula da tasirin gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=14 October 2024 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Walks The Fine Line Between History And Storytelling |url=https://culturecustodian.com/lisabi-the-uprising-walks-the-fine-line-between-history-and-storytelling/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Anthill ya kara da ƙirar halitta ta CGI kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun tasirin gani na zamani don yin kwaikwayon saitunan tarihi daidai, inganta tasirin gani na fim din. Fim din ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar ikon ruhaniya na Lisabi, wanda Akinmolayan ya haɗu don inganta wasan kwaikwayo; duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da sahihanci.<ref name=":8" /> === Waƙoƙi da sauti === An kawo mawakiyar fim din Najeriya [[Tolu Obanro]] don ƙirƙirar maki ga Lisabi: The Uprising biyo bayan aikinsa akan ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' . An tsara ƙwallon ta amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Yoruba, kuma Obanro ya yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan sauti don fim din. Ya lura, "An yi amfani da dabaru da yawa wajen hada sauti na Lisabi. Na yi niyyar zurfi a duk al'amuran, gami da tasirin sauti. "Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin shirya fina-finai don jerin ayyukan fim din, yana mai cewa, "Ko da shiru wani nau'i ne na sauti; yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tewobola |first=Shalom |date=23 October 2024 |title=The Delicate Art of Sound Design in "Lisabi: The Uprising" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-delicate-art-of-sound-design-in-lisabi-the-uprising/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2024, [[Netflix]] ta ba da sanarwar sayen haƙƙin rarraba fim din Niyi Akinmolayan na baya-bayan nan, Lisabi: The Uprising, wanda aka shirya don saki a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2024, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta 12 ga Yuni, Kuto, Abeokuta, [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin wannan sanarwa, Netflix ya bayyana cewa an saki wani ci gaba mai taken ''[[lisabi: An haifi Gwarzo|Lisabi: An haifi Labari]]'' a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2024. == Karɓar baƙi == === Masu sauraro === A cewar [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya]] (NAN), Lisabi: The Uprising ya zama fim din da aka kalli na farko a kan jadawalin fim din [[Netflix]] na Najeriya, rikodin da aka samu bayan kwana uku da aka saki fim din. === Amsa mai mahimmanci === Cletus na Premium Times ya yaba da [[Ibrahim Chatta]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji]] saboda yadda suka nuna Songodeyi da Lisabi Agbongbo Akala bi da bi. Da yake bayyana fim din a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] na 2024, ya ba shi darajar 8 daga 10. Muhibat Sulaimon na ''[[TheCable]]'' ya ba da fim din 7 daga 10, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙananan kuskuren". Kodayake ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon halin da kuma kayan ado na fim din, ya nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin tasirin fim din, alal misali, yayin sauyawar abokan Lisabi zuwa dabbobi da rashin jini a lokacin da aka yanke Sangodeyi. Noghama Ehioghae na African Folder ya kimanta fim din 5.2 daga 10, yana yabon kayan ado da wadatattun al'adu da sahihanci da aka kawo ta hanyar hada raƙumi. Koyaya, ta soki fim din saboda kasancewa mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma "rashin tashin hankali da lokutan da ke da ban sha'awa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehioghae |first=Noghama |date=12 October 2024 |title=Lisabi: The Uprising Movie Review; Rise Of A Legend In The Shadow Of Oyo's Tyranny. |url=https://africanfolder.com/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-review/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[African Folder]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === A shekarar 2025 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA), an zabi Lisabi: The Uprising a cikin nau'o'i goma, gami da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Darakta, da Mafi Kyawu Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebubechukwu |first=Orji Victor |date=2025-03-27 |title=Historical Dramas Dominate AMVCAs 2025 Nominations |url=https://opencountrymag.com/historical-dramas-lisabi-the-uprising-and-seven-doors-lead-amvcas-2025-nominations/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Open Country Mag]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vivian |first=Nneka Nwajiaku |date=2025-03-24 |title="Seven Doors", "Lisabi: The Uprising" Lead AMVCA Nominations 2025 + Full List of Nominees |url=https://afrocritik.com/amvca-2025-nominations-list/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka uku.<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="10" |2025 | rowspan="10" |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka |Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Yammacin Afirka) |{{Won}} |- |Jagoran Fasaha mafi Kyawu|{{Won}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti|{{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Makeup|{{Won}} |- |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar - Oluwatoyin Balogun da [[Adebimpe Oyebade]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi - [[Mr Macaroni|Mista Macaroni]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Gyara - Anthill Studios|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography - Barnabas Emordi da [[Nora Awolowo]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor - [[Lateef Adedimeji]]|{{Nom}} |} [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], daya daga cikin manyan jihohin Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin, ta yi amfani da iko mai mahimmanci a kan yawancin makwabta, gami da Egba. Wannan iko ya kasance alama ce ta buƙatun haraji mai nauyi da aikin tilas. [[Mutanen Egba]], da ke zaune da farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin sarakunan Oyo, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa da sha'awar cin gashin kai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victor Ebimomi, Akinwunmi King |first=Anthonia Soyingbe |date=10 March 2009 |title=Lisabi Day – a Cultural Revolution of Egba People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200903100189.html}}</ref> [[File:Lisabi_GbongboAkala.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Hoton Lisabi Gbongbo Akala]] Lisabi Agbongbo Akala, babban shugaban Egba, ya kasance babban hali a wannan zamanin juriya. An haifi Lisabi a Itoku, wanda shi ne unguwa a Abeokuta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whispers |first=Tales and |title=Lisabi and the Egba Liberation Story |url=https://talesandwhispers.com/story/lisabi-and-the-egba-liberation-story |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=talesandwhispers.com |language=en}}</ref> An gane Lisabi a matsayin wanda aka ba shi da hankali, iyawar jagoranci, da kuma iyawar yaki. Lisabi ta fara tattara Aaro a asirce, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Egba, a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar juriya. A karkashin al'adar aikin al'umma, Lisabi ta shirya kuma ta ba da kayan aiki ga mutanen Egba don shirya tawaye mai yawa game da mulkin Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okùnadé |first=Johnson |date=23 August 2024 |title=Lisabi Agbongbo Akala: The Heroic Guardian of Egba Legacy |url=https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001051207/https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |archive-date=1 October 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Johnson Okunade Afro-Cultural Hub |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Ìtàn Mánigbàgbé: Àáró tó yẹ kí Lisabi gbà, ló fi bẹ ọ̀wẹ̀ láti kọlu Ìlàrí Ọlọyọ fún ìdáǹdè Ẹ́gbá |url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/afrika-50519336 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=BBC News Yorùbá |language=yo}}</ref> === Tashin hankali === An shirya kuma an kashe tashin hankali, wanda aka sani da Lisabi's Rebellion. A cikin wani hari da aka tsara, Lisabi da mabiyansa sun kaddamar da jerin hare-hare a kan sojojin da ke cikin yankin Egba. Wadannan hare-haren mamaki sun kasance da sauri da lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ikon yankin Oyo da ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Shirye-shiryen Lisabi sun dogara da dabarun 'Yan tawaye, wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kwanto da hare-hare, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Oyo su rama yadda ya kamata. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mutanen Egba sun hambarar da ikon Oyo kuma sun ayyana 'yancin kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balogun |first=Olanrewaju |title=DOCUMENTING AFRICAN HEROISM IN OLU OWOLABI'S LISABI AGBONGBO AKALA |url=https://www.academia.edu/44502751 |url-status=live |journal=Academia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162449/https://www.academia.edu/44502751/DOCUMENTING_AFRICAN_HEROISM_IN_OLU_OWOLABIS_LISABI_AGBONGBO_AKALA |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref> A Najeriya ta yanzu, Lisabi mutum ne mai daraja a tarihi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen Egba. Ana koyar da labarinsa a makarantu, kuma ana yin bikin rawar da ya taka a tarihin Egba ta hanyar al'adun al'adu, abubuwan tunawa, da ba da labari.<ref name=":1" /> Bikin Lisabi na shekara-shekara ana nuna shi da kiɗa na gargajiya, rawa, da sake nunawa na tashin hankali, yana aiki a matsayin bikin al'adun Egba da kuma tunatarwa game da muhimmancin ƙaddamar da kai. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] if21miy5o2ap0x3mm7dvdql50j7hznb 970466 970464 2026-10-22T19:54:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 970466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Lisabi: The Uprising fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Najeriya na 2024 wanda [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi ne suka samar da shi. Shirin ya hada da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Adebimpe Oyebade]], [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] . Fim din ya biyo bayan Lisabi Agbongbo-Akala, wani manomi da ke son fansa bayan ya ga kisan gillar da [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] da abokinsa, Songodeyi suka yi wa abokinsa na kusa. Fim din ya dogara ne akan tarihin Lisabi Rebellion na [[Abeokuta]] na ƙarni na 18. Akinmolayan ya rubuta rubutun tare da Yinka Olaoye, tare da haɗin gwiwar Al Notions Studios da Anthill Studios don haɗawa da ɗaukar motsi mai ci gaba da VFX. An yi fim din da farko a Jihar Abeokuta da Ogun, Najeriya, wurin ya nuna ainihin yanayin fim din kafin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya da kuma juriya ta tarihi na [[Mutanen Egba]] a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Nigeria: 'Lisab' An Epic Yoruba Tale To Premiere On Netflix This September |url=https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/2024/08/23/nigeria-lisab-an-epic-yoruba-tale-to-premiere-on Lisabi: The Uprising ya fara ne a kan [[Netflix]] Najeriya a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, kuma an yaba da shi saboda abubuwan gani da daidaito na tarihi. Duk da yake wasu masu sukar sun ambaci ci gaban halayyar da ba daidai ba, fim din ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin fim na Netflix Najeriya a cikin kwanaki uku. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa da yawa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards sau uku. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=AMVCA 2025 Awards: Full List Of Winners As Lateef Adedimeji's Lisabi Clinches Prizes |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/05/10/amvca-2025-awards-full-list-of-winners-as-lateef-adedimejis-lisabi-clinches-prizes/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[Channels Television]] |language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == A ƙarshen [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], mai mulkin Olodan na mulkin Olodan, ya ki biyan haraji mai yawa da mai mulkin [[Alaafin]] na Daular Oyo ya nema daga gare shi. An kai masa hari ba tare da tausayi ba kuma an kawo shi fadar. Ana karɓar haraji a cikin kuɗi da kayan aikin gona ta hanyar tilasta daga kasuwancin mutane. [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]], wanda ya fusata da rashin amincewar Olodan, ya kashe shi a matsayin gargadi ga duk wanda ya yi ƙarfin hali ya kalubalanci. Duk da bin bukatun haraji na mutanen Egba, Sangodeyi, shugaban mara tausayi na masu karɓar haraji, da magoya bayansa masu tsoratar da su. Sun dauki fiye da abin da aka biya, sun yi wa 'yan mata fyade, kuma sun kashe wadanda suka yi tsayayya, suna sa rayuwa ba za a iya jurewa ba ga manoma da mazauna ƙauyen ƙasar Egba yayin da zaluntarsu ta kara tsanantawa. Oshokenu, abokiyar Lisabi, ta ga wani abu mai ban tsoro lokacin da masu tarawa, bayan sun karɓi duk kuɗin daga wata mace mai siyarwa, suka ɗauke da 'yarta. Tsayayyar Oshokenu game da rashin adalci an fallasa shi yayin da yake fushi da zaluncin su, yana ihu, "Me ya sa kuna ɗaukar mata kawai? Maza ma suna tare da su. A matsayin horo ga rashin biyayya, masu karɓar haraji sun hukunta shi ba tare da tausayi ba ta hanyar karkatar da fuskarsa a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na jama'a a matsayin nuni na iko. Oshokenu yana so ya auri Abebi, kyakkyawar mace mai suna Egba, kamar yadda aka san shi da zama manomi mai laushi. Ya samu nasarar neman ta tare da taimakon Lisabi, kuma Abebi ya yarda da auren. Amma a ranar bikin auren Oshokenu, Sangodeyi da mutanensa sun yi niyya da shi a kokarin karya ruhunsa. Sangodeyi ya yi wa Abebi fyade sosai yayin da aka tsayar da ita a kan hanyar zuwa sabon gidanta. Abin takaici, Abebi ta kawo karshen rayuwarta saboda damuwa da kunya sun lalata ta.6 Bayan ya yi fushi game da mutuwar Abebi, Oshokenu ya tashi don neman fansa. Ya yi yaƙi da masu tarawa kuma ya kashe goma daga cikinsu kafin a harbe shi kuma a kashe shi. Yana kusa da mutuwa lokacin da Lisabi ta same shi. A kan gadonsa na mutuwa, Oshokenu ya roƙe kusa da abokinsa. Bayan tattaunawa mai tausayi tare da abokinsa mai mutuwa, Lisabi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin gwagwarmayar mutanen Egba don adalci. Ya zo da wani shiri inda manoma za su bayyana su yi aiki tare kuma a cikin hadin kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin noma na al'umma don kawar da tuhumar da sojojin Oyo suka yi. Koyaya, Lisabi tana shirya ƙarin bayani a asirce: don shirya mutanen Egba don tayar da kayar baya ga masu mulkin su. Lisabi ta hanyar dabarun ta kafa kungiyar Aaro, ƙungiyar aiki ta al'umma wacce a asirce ta haifar da tashin hankali na Egba. Yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tare da shugabanninsu na Oyo, Lisabi ya shirya tawaye a ɓoye, wanda ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani inda Egba ya yi nasara, a ƙarshe ya sami 'yancin kai. == Masu ba da labari ==   * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Lisabi * [[Ibrahim Chatta]] a matsayin Songodeyi * [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] a matsayin Osokenu * [[Odunlade Adekola]] a matsayin [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] (Oloyo) * [[Femi Adebayo]] a matsayin Olu Olodan * Roseline Afije "Liquorose" a matsayin Abebi * [[Adebimpe Oyebade|Oyebade Adebimpe Adedimeji]] a matsayin Ikeola * [[Ibrahim Yekini]] Icon a matsayin Salako * Olarotimi Michael Fakunle a matsayin Ogunlana * [[Jide Awobona]] a matsayin Osobande * [[Gabriel Afolayan]] a matsayin Odunbamitefa * Kola Ajeyemi a matsayin Akinolu * Boma Akpore a matsayin Osogbenro * [[Olumide Oworu]] a matsayin Bejide * [[Kelvin Ikeduba|Kevin Ikeduba]] a matsayin Obimodede * [[Seun Akindele]] a matsayin Oduyale * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] a matsayin Alake * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Onitumọ * Atobiloye Kelvin a matsayin Akilapa * [[Efe Irele]] a matsayin Idon * [[Seun Ajayi]] a matsayin Olo Olori Ilari * Damilola Ogunsi a matsayin Jogbo * [[Eniola Ajao|Eniola T. Ajao]] a matsayin Orosola * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sabon Janar (Aronimoja) * Jaiye Kuti a matsayin Edioke == Fitarwa == Lisabi: An fara sanar da tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bangare na bangare biyu na [[Netflix]] a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2024, yana nuna ɗayan mahimman ayyukan sabis ɗin yawo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Yarabawa|Tarihin Yoruba]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Announces Two-Part Yoruba Epic "Lisabi" |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/netflix-announces-two-part-yoruba-epic-lisabi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Kashi na farko, The Uprising, an saita shi don saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, tare da sakamakonsa, ''Lisabi: An haifi Labari'', wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2025. Fim din samfurin Nollywood ne na "New Nollywood", wanda ke da niyyar ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, labaran da aka samo daga al'adu, da kuma tarihin lokaci wanda ya rinjayi fim din duniya. [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ne ya ba da umarni, wanda aka sani da hada mysticism tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, fim din yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari a cikin fina-finai na al'adun Yoruba, tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda ya wuce N200 miliyan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2024-09-28 |title=Lisabi The Uprising: An Ambitious Epic Weighed Down by CGI – |url=https://nollycritic.com/lisabi-the-uprising-an-ambitious-epic-weighed-down-by-cgi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> &nbsp;A cikin jagorancin samarwa, Akinmolayan ya bayyana cewa asalin fim din ya wuce sa'o'i uku. Ya bayyana cewa Netflix ya ba da shawarar raba shi zuwa kashi biyu don haka masu sauraro ba za su zauna ta hanyar tsawo guda ɗaya ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=2025-01-14 |title=Niyi Akinmolayan Talks 'Lisabi' and the Way Forward for Nollywood {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niyi-akinmolayan-talks-lisabi-and-the-way-forward-for-nollywood/190527 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi da abokan aikinsa (ciki har da Yinka Olaoye) sannan suka sake fasalin labarin: The Uprising ya jaddada farkon tawaye na Lisabi, yayin da A Legend Is Born ke kula da gadonsa, abubuwan almara, da kuma sakamakonsa.<ref name=":5" /> Kungiyar samar da Lisabi ta sanya shi fifiko don amfani da 'yan Najeriya kawai. A cikin wata hira da BusinessDay, Akinmolayan ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan samar da fim din 100% 'yan Najeriya ne, suna kawar da dogaro da tarihin [[Nollywood]] ga kwararru na fasaha na kasashen waje.Zaɓin ya kasance mai kyau da siyasa: don nuna cewa masu shirya fina-finai na gida na iya isar da sikelin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Anthill Studios, gidan samar da Akinmolayan, ya haɗu da Netflix da Al Notions Studios don aiwatar da aikin. A cikin tambayoyin, Akinmolayan ya yi jayayya cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki sune babbar ƙalubalen Nollywood ba kerawa ba.<ref name=":5" /> Fim din ya sami tallafi daga [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] da Gwamnan Jihar Ogun, [[Dapo Abiodun|Yarima Dapo Abiodun]] don taimakawa wajen inganta tarihin Najeriya da al'adun ga masu sauraro na duniya.{{Quote box|"After my exploits in ''[[Ayinla (film)|Ayinla]]'', I knew I had to do this to further glorify my Egba heritage. Egba people, this is for you. The entire Yoruba, Africa and Blacks worldwide, this is for you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=I Shot Lisabi To Glorify My Egba Heritage — Adedimeji Lateef|url=https://independent.ng/i-shot-lisabi-to-glorify-my-egba-heritage-adedimeji-lateef/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-10-30 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>|3=Adedimeji Lateef on the motive behind ''Lisabi'' for [[Independent Nigeria]]|width=20%}}An fara samar da shi ne a matsayin aikin sha'awa ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai gabatar da fina-finai [[Lateef Adedimeji]], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar aikin da ya yi a baya wanda ya ba da umarnin fim din ''[[Ayinla (fim)|Ayinla]]'' (2021) don sanya a allon labarin jarumai Yoruba da ba a san su sosai ba. Adedimeji, wanda kuma ya taka rawar Lisabi, yana so ya ilimantar da matasa game da irin su Lisabi, suna tallata fim din a matsayin tushen girman kai da 'yanci. [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi sun samar da fim din, tare da rubuta rubutun da Akinmolayan da Yinka Olaoye suka yi a kan dabarun Lisabi na karɓar al'ummar Aaro don tattarawa da makamai na mazajen Egba a matsayin aikin al'umma, kuma ba don fada ba. Fim din ya nuna Ogundoyin na [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Review: Niyi Akinmolayan's Dramatised Biopic Is a Deeply Contained Story – Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/niyi-akinmolayan-lisabi-the-uprising-review/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> "The Uprising" ya nuna karuwar zalunci tun lokacin da Daular Oyo ke biyan haraji da kuma tayar da su a kan manoma na Egba, don haka Lisabi ta motsa ta shirya tawaye. Kungiyar Aaro, hadin gwiwa ta hanyar zama na al'umma, ta sake tsarawa a asirce don horar da kuma daukar mayakan.<ref name=":4" /> === Fim === Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2024, a [[Abeokuta]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a cikin [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya, bayan watanni na samarwa da gano wuri a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An fara kama fim din ne a [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] saboda dalilai na gaskiya tare da subtitles na Turanci da aka kara a lokacin bayan samarwa. Kungiyar ta gina ƙauyukan Egba na tarihi, manyan gidaje, da sansanonin Oyo daga kayan da aka samo a cikin gida da kayan aikin da aka yi da hannu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta gine-ginen Yoruba na ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ogtv |title=LISABI: THE UPRISING' MOVIE, A REMINDER OF EGBA IDENTITY – GOV. ABIODUN |url=https://ogtv.com.ng/2024/09/28/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-a-reminder-of-egba-identity-gov-abiodun/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mai tsarawa kayan aiki Abiola Ojo ya kula da kirkirar abubuwa da yawa, gami da Fadar Alaafin, ɓoyewar Lisabi, da kuma gandun daji na Aaro, wuri na farko don wuraren horar da tawaye.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" – A Bold Yet Uneven Historical Epic |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/lisabi-the-uprising-a-bold-yet-uneven-historical-epic/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Akinmolayan ya lura cewa yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba da kuma mummunan wuri sau da yawa ya sa yin fim ya zama ƙalubale, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa. === Abubuwan gani da na musamman === Sakamakon na musamman ga Lisabi: [[Tasirin Hakeem|Hakeem Onilogbo]] ne ya samar da tashin hankali, yana sa alamun kabilun Yoruba da tufafi su zama masu gaskiya, don haka ya taimaka wajen kafa lokacin neman fim din. Anthill Studios ne ke kula da tasirin gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=14 October 2024 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Walks The Fine Line Between History And Storytelling |url=https://culturecustodian.com/lisabi-the-uprising-walks-the-fine-line-between-history-and-storytelling/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Anthill ya kara da ƙirar halitta ta CGI kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun tasirin gani na zamani don yin kwaikwayon saitunan tarihi daidai, inganta tasirin gani na fim din. Fim din ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar ikon ruhaniya na Lisabi, wanda Akinmolayan ya haɗu don inganta wasan kwaikwayo; duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da sahihanci.<ref name=":8" /> === Waƙoƙi da sauti === An kawo mawakiyar fim din Najeriya [[Tolu Obanro]] don ƙirƙirar maki ga Lisabi: The Uprising biyo bayan aikinsa akan ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' . An tsara ƙwallon ta amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Yoruba, kuma Obanro ya yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan sauti don fim din. Ya lura, "An yi amfani da dabaru da yawa wajen hada sauti na Lisabi. Na yi niyyar zurfi a duk al'amuran, gami da tasirin sauti. "Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin shirya fina-finai don jerin ayyukan fim din, yana mai cewa, "Ko da shiru wani nau'i ne na sauti; yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tewobola |first=Shalom |date=23 October 2024 |title=The Delicate Art of Sound Design in "Lisabi: The Uprising" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-delicate-art-of-sound-design-in-lisabi-the-uprising/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2024, [[Netflix]] ta ba da sanarwar sayen haƙƙin rarraba fim din Niyi Akinmolayan na baya-bayan nan, Lisabi: The Uprising, wanda aka shirya don saki a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2024, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta 12 ga Yuni, Kuto, Abeokuta, [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin wannan sanarwa, Netflix ya bayyana cewa an saki wani ci gaba mai taken ''[[lisabi: An haifi Gwarzo|Lisabi: An haifi Labari]]'' a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2024. == Karɓar baƙi == === Masu sauraro === A cewar [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya]] (NAN), Lisabi: The Uprising ya zama fim din da aka kalli na farko a kan jadawalin fim din [[Netflix]] na Najeriya, rikodin da aka samu bayan kwana uku da aka saki fim din. === Amsa mai mahimmanci === Cletus na Premium Times ya yaba da [[Ibrahim Chatta]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji]] saboda yadda suka nuna Songodeyi da Lisabi Agbongbo Akala bi da bi. Da yake bayyana fim din a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] na 2024, ya ba shi darajar 8 daga 10. Muhibat Sulaimon na ''[[TheCable]]'' ya ba da fim din 7 daga 10, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙananan kuskuren". Kodayake ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon halin da kuma kayan ado na fim din, ya nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin tasirin fim din, alal misali, yayin sauyawar abokan Lisabi zuwa dabbobi da rashin jini a lokacin da aka yanke Sangodeyi. Noghama Ehioghae na African Folder ya kimanta fim din 5.2 daga 10, yana yabon kayan ado da wadatattun al'adu da sahihanci da aka kawo ta hanyar hada raƙumi. Koyaya, ta soki fim din saboda kasancewa mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma "rashin tashin hankali da lokutan da ke da ban sha'awa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehioghae |first=Noghama |date=12 October 2024 |title=Lisabi: The Uprising Movie Review; Rise Of A Legend In The Shadow Of Oyo's Tyranny. |url=https://africanfolder.com/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-review/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[African Folder]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === A shekarar 2025 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA), an zabi Lisabi: The Uprising a cikin nau'o'i goma, gami da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Darakta, da Mafi Kyawu Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebubechukwu |first=Orji Victor |date=2025-03-27 |title=Historical Dramas Dominate AMVCAs 2025 Nominations |url=https://opencountrymag.com/historical-dramas-lisabi-the-uprising-and-seven-doors-lead-amvcas-2025-nominations/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Open Country Mag]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vivian |first=Nneka Nwajiaku |date=2025-03-24 |title="Seven Doors", "Lisabi: The Uprising" Lead AMVCA Nominations 2025 + Full List of Nominees |url=https://afrocritik.com/amvca-2025-nominations-list/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka uku.<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="10" |2025 | rowspan="10" |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka |Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Yammacin Afirka) |{{Won}} |- |Jagoran Fasaha mafi Kyawu|{{Won}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti|{{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Makeup|{{Won}} |- |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar - Oluwatoyin Balogun da [[Adebimpe Oyebade]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi - [[Mr Macaroni|Mista Macaroni]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Gyara - Anthill Studios|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography - Barnabas Emordi da [[Nora Awolowo]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor - [[Lateef Adedimeji]]|{{Nom}} |} [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], daya daga cikin manyan jihohin Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin, ta yi amfani da iko mai mahimmanci a kan yawancin makwabta, gami da Egba. Wannan iko ya kasance alama ce ta buƙatun haraji mai nauyi da aikin tilas. [[Mutanen Egba]], da ke zaune da farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin sarakunan Oyo, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa da sha'awar cin gashin kai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victor Ebimomi, Akinwunmi King |first=Anthonia Soyingbe |date=10 March 2009 |title=Lisabi Day – a Cultural Revolution of Egba People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200903100189.html}}</ref> [[File:Lisabi_GbongboAkala.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Hoton Lisabi Gbongbo Akala]] Lisabi Agbongbo Akala, babban shugaban Egba, ya kasance babban hali a wannan zamanin juriya. An haifi Lisabi a Itoku, wanda shi ne unguwa a Abeokuta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whispers |first=Tales and |title=Lisabi and the Egba Liberation Story |url=https://talesandwhispers.com/story/lisabi-and-the-egba-liberation-story |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=talesandwhispers.com |language=en}}</ref> An gane Lisabi a matsayin wanda aka ba shi da hankali, iyawar jagoranci, da kuma iyawar yaki. Lisabi ta fara tattara Aaro a asirce, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Egba, a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar juriya. A karkashin al'adar aikin al'umma, Lisabi ta shirya kuma ta ba da kayan aiki ga mutanen Egba don shirya tawaye mai yawa game da mulkin Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okùnadé |first=Johnson |date=23 August 2024 |title=Lisabi Agbongbo Akala: The Heroic Guardian of Egba Legacy |url=https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001051207/https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |archive-date=1 October 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Johnson Okunade Afro-Cultural Hub |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Ìtàn Mánigbàgbé: Àáró tó yẹ kí Lisabi gbà, ló fi bẹ ọ̀wẹ̀ láti kọlu Ìlàrí Ọlọyọ fún ìdáǹdè Ẹ́gbá |url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/afrika-50519336 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=BBC News Yorùbá |language=yo}}</ref> === Tashin hankali === An shirya kuma an kashe tashin hankali, wanda aka sani da Lisabi's Rebellion. A cikin wani hari da aka tsara, Lisabi da mabiyansa sun kaddamar da jerin hare-hare a kan sojojin da ke cikin yankin Egba. Wadannan hare-haren mamaki sun kasance da sauri da lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ikon yankin Oyo da ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Shirye-shiryen Lisabi sun dogara da dabarun 'Yan tawaye, wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kwanto da hare-hare, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Oyo su rama yadda ya kamata. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mutanen Egba sun hambarar da ikon Oyo kuma sun ayyana 'yancin kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balogun |first=Olanrewaju |title=DOCUMENTING AFRICAN HEROISM IN OLU OWOLABI'S LISABI AGBONGBO AKALA |url=https://www.academia.edu/44502751 |url-status=live |journal=Academia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162449/https://www.academia.edu/44502751/DOCUMENTING_AFRICAN_HEROISM_IN_OLU_OWOLABIS_LISABI_AGBONGBO_AKALA |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref> A Najeriya ta yanzu, Lisabi mutum ne mai daraja a tarihi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen Egba. Ana koyar da labarinsa a makarantu, kuma ana yin bikin rawar da ya taka a tarihin Egba ta hanyar al'adun al'adu, abubuwan tunawa, da ba da labari.<ref name=":1" /> Bikin Lisabi na shekara-shekara ana nuna shi da kiɗa na gargajiya, rawa, da sake nunawa na tashin hankali, yana aiki a matsayin bikin al'adun Egba da kuma tunatarwa game da muhimmancin ƙaddamar da kai. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gsihgx5iomcyn5f65cw2j05ld6yzga7 970472 970466 2026-10-22T19:56:10Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 970472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Lisabi: The Uprising fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Najeriya na 2024 wanda [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi ne suka samar da shi. Shirin ya hada da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Adebimpe Oyebade]], [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] . Fim din ya biyo bayan Lisabi Agbongbo-Akala, wani manomi da ke son fansa bayan ya ga kisan gillar da [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] da abokinsa, Songodeyi suka yi wa abokinsa na kusa. Fim din ya dogara ne akan tarihin Lisabi Rebellion na [[Abeokuta]] na ƙarni na 18. Akinmolayan ya rubuta rubutun tare da Yinka Olaoye, tare da haɗin gwiwar Al Notions Studios da Anthill Studios don haɗawa da ɗaukar motsi mai ci gaba da VFX. An yi fim din da farko a Jihar Abeokuta da Ogun, Najeriya, wurin ya nuna ainihin yanayin fim din kafin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya da kuma juriya ta tarihi na [[Mutanen Egba]] a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Nigeria: 'Lisab' An Epic Yoruba Tale To Premiere On Netflix This September |url=https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/2024/08/23/nigeria-lisab-an-epic- Lisabi: The Uprising ya fara ne a kan [[Netflix]] Najeriya a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, kuma an yaba da shi saboda abubuwan gani da daidaito na tarihi. Duk da yake wasu masu sukar sun ambaci ci gaban halayyar da ba daidai ba, fim din ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin fim na Netflix Najeriya a cikin kwanaki uku. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa da yawa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards sau uku. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-10 |title=AMVCA 2025 Awards: Full List Of Winners As Lateef Adedimeji's Lisabi Clinches Prizes |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/05/10/amvca-2025-awards-full-list-of-winners-as-lateef-adedimejis-lisabi-clinches-prizes/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=[[Channels Television]] |language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == A ƙarshen [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], [[Najeriya]], mai mulkin Olodan na mulkin Olodan, ya ki biyan haraji mai yawa da mai mulkin [[Alaafin]] na Daular Oyo ya nema daga gare shi. An kai masa hari ba tare da tausayi ba kuma an kawo shi fadar. Ana karɓar haraji a cikin kuɗi da kayan aikin gona ta hanyar tilasta daga kasuwancin mutane. [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]], wanda ya fusata da rashin amincewar Olodan, ya kashe shi a matsayin gargadi ga duk wanda ya yi ƙarfin hali ya kalubalanci. Duk da bin bukatun haraji na mutanen Egba, Sangodeyi, shugaban mara tausayi na masu karɓar haraji, da magoya bayansa masu tsoratar da su. Sun dauki fiye da abin da aka biya, sun yi wa 'yan mata fyade, kuma sun kashe wadanda suka yi tsayayya, suna sa rayuwa ba za a iya jurewa ba ga manoma da mazauna ƙauyen ƙasar Egba yayin da zaluntarsu ta kara tsanantawa. Oshokenu, abokiyar Lisabi, ta ga wani abu mai ban tsoro lokacin da masu tarawa, bayan sun karɓi duk kuɗin daga wata mace mai siyarwa, suka ɗauke da 'yarta. Tsayayyar Oshokenu game da rashin adalci an fallasa shi yayin da yake fushi da zaluncin su, yana ihu, "Me ya sa kuna ɗaukar mata kawai? Maza ma suna tare da su. A matsayin horo ga rashin biyayya, masu karɓar haraji sun hukunta shi ba tare da tausayi ba ta hanyar karkatar da fuskarsa a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na jama'a a matsayin nuni na iko. Oshokenu yana so ya auri Abebi, kyakkyawar mace mai suna Egba, kamar yadda aka san shi da zama manomi mai laushi. Ya samu nasarar neman ta tare da taimakon Lisabi, kuma Abebi ya yarda da auren. Amma a ranar bikin auren Oshokenu, Sangodeyi da mutanensa sun yi niyya da shi a kokarin karya ruhunsa. Sangodeyi ya yi wa Abebi fyade sosai yayin da aka tsayar da ita a kan hanyar zuwa sabon gidanta. Abin takaici, Abebi ta kawo karshen rayuwarta saboda damuwa da kunya sun lalata ta.6 Bayan ya yi fushi game da mutuwar Abebi, Oshokenu ya tashi don neman fansa. Ya yi yaƙi da masu tarawa kuma ya kashe goma daga cikinsu kafin a harbe shi kuma a kashe shi. Yana kusa da mutuwa lokacin da Lisabi ta same shi. A kan gadonsa na mutuwa, Oshokenu ya roƙe kusa da abokinsa. Bayan tattaunawa mai tausayi tare da abokinsa mai mutuwa, Lisabi ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin gwagwarmayar mutanen Egba don adalci. Ya zo da wani shiri inda manoma za su bayyana su yi aiki tare kuma a cikin hadin kai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin noma na al'umma don kawar da tuhumar da sojojin Oyo suka yi. Koyaya, Lisabi tana shirya ƙarin bayani a asirce: don shirya mutanen Egba don tayar da kayar baya ga masu mulkin su. Lisabi ta hanyar dabarun ta kafa kungiyar Aaro, ƙungiyar aiki ta al'umma wacce a asirce ta haifar da tashin hankali na Egba. Yayin da tashin hankali ya karu tare da shugabanninsu na Oyo, Lisabi ya shirya tawaye a ɓoye, wanda ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani inda Egba ya yi nasara, a ƙarshe ya sami 'yancin kai. == Masu ba da labari ==   * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Lisabi * [[Ibrahim Chatta]] a matsayin Songodeyi * [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]] a matsayin Osokenu * [[Odunlade Adekola]] a matsayin [[Abiodun (Sarkin Oyo)|Alaafin na Oyo]] (Oloyo) * [[Femi Adebayo]] a matsayin Olu Olodan * Roseline Afije "Liquorose" a matsayin Abebi * [[Adebimpe Oyebade|Oyebade Adebimpe Adedimeji]] a matsayin Ikeola * [[Ibrahim Yekini]] Icon a matsayin Salako * Olarotimi Michael Fakunle a matsayin Ogunlana * [[Jide Awobona]] a matsayin Osobande * [[Gabriel Afolayan]] a matsayin Odunbamitefa * Kola Ajeyemi a matsayin Akinolu * Boma Akpore a matsayin Osogbenro * [[Olumide Oworu]] a matsayin Bejide * [[Kelvin Ikeduba|Kevin Ikeduba]] a matsayin Obimodede * [[Seun Akindele]] a matsayin Oduyale * [[Muyiwa Ademola]] a matsayin Alake * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Onitumọ * Atobiloye Kelvin a matsayin Akilapa * [[Efe Irele]] a matsayin Idon * [[Seun Ajayi]] a matsayin Olo Olori Ilari * Damilola Ogunsi a matsayin Jogbo * [[Eniola Ajao|Eniola T. Ajao]] a matsayin Orosola * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sabon Janar (Aronimoja) * Jaiye Kuti a matsayin Edioke == Fitarwa == Lisabi: An fara sanar da tashin hankali a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bangare na bangare biyu na [[Netflix]] a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2024, yana nuna ɗayan mahimman ayyukan sabis ɗin yawo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Tarihin Yarabawa|Tarihin Yoruba]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Netflix Announces Two-Part Yoruba Epic "Lisabi" |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/netflix-announces-two-part-yoruba-epic-lisabi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Kashi na farko, The Uprising, an saita shi don saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024, tare da sakamakonsa, ''Lisabi: An haifi Labari'', wanda aka saki a watan Janairun 2025. Fim din samfurin Nollywood ne na "New Nollywood", wanda ke da niyyar ingantaccen tsarin samarwa, labaran da aka samo daga al'adu, da kuma tarihin lokaci wanda ya rinjayi fim din duniya. [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ne ya ba da umarni, wanda aka sani da hada mysticism tare da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, fim din yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari a cikin fina-finai na al'adun Yoruba, tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda ya wuce N200 miliyan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2024-09-28 |title=Lisabi The Uprising: An Ambitious Epic Weighed Down by CGI – |url=https://nollycritic.com/lisabi-the-uprising-an-ambitious-epic-weighed-down-by-cgi/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> &nbsp;A cikin jagorancin samarwa, Akinmolayan ya bayyana cewa asalin fim din ya wuce sa'o'i uku. Ya bayyana cewa Netflix ya ba da shawarar raba shi zuwa kashi biyu don haka masu sauraro ba za su zauna ta hanyar tsawo guda ɗaya ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=2025-01-14 |title=Niyi Akinmolayan Talks 'Lisabi' and the Way Forward for Nollywood {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niyi-akinmolayan-talks-lisabi-and-the-way-forward-for-nollywood/190527 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi da abokan aikinsa (ciki har da Yinka Olaoye) sannan suka sake fasalin labarin: The Uprising ya jaddada farkon tawaye na Lisabi, yayin da A Legend Is Born ke kula da gadonsa, abubuwan almara, da kuma sakamakonsa.<ref name=":5" /> Kungiyar samar da Lisabi ta sanya shi fifiko don amfani da 'yan Najeriya kawai. A cikin wata hira da BusinessDay, Akinmolayan ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan samar da fim din 100% 'yan Najeriya ne, suna kawar da dogaro da tarihin [[Nollywood]] ga kwararru na fasaha na kasashen waje.Zaɓin ya kasance mai kyau da siyasa: don nuna cewa masu shirya fina-finai na gida na iya isar da sikelin ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Anthill Studios, gidan samar da Akinmolayan, ya haɗu da Netflix da Al Notions Studios don aiwatar da aikin. A cikin tambayoyin, Akinmolayan ya yi jayayya cewa matsalolin tattalin arziki sune babbar ƙalubalen Nollywood ba kerawa ba.<ref name=":5" /> Fim din ya sami tallafi daga [[Nigerian Film Corporation|Kamfanin Fim na Najeriya]] da Gwamnan Jihar Ogun, [[Dapo Abiodun|Yarima Dapo Abiodun]] don taimakawa wajen inganta tarihin Najeriya da al'adun ga masu sauraro na duniya.{{Quote box|"After my exploits in ''[[Ayinla (film)|Ayinla]]'', I knew I had to do this to further glorify my Egba heritage. Egba people, this is for you. The entire Yoruba, Africa and Blacks worldwide, this is for you."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=I Shot Lisabi To Glorify My Egba Heritage — Adedimeji Lateef|url=https://independent.ng/i-shot-lisabi-to-glorify-my-egba-heritage-adedimeji-lateef/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-10-30 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref>|3=Adedimeji Lateef on the motive behind ''Lisabi'' for [[Independent Nigeria]]|width=20%}}An fara samar da shi ne a matsayin aikin sha'awa ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai gabatar da fina-finai [[Lateef Adedimeji]], wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar aikin da ya yi a baya wanda ya ba da umarnin fim din ''[[Ayinla (fim)|Ayinla]]'' (2021) don sanya a allon labarin jarumai Yoruba da ba a san su sosai ba. Adedimeji, wanda kuma ya taka rawar Lisabi, yana so ya ilimantar da matasa game da irin su Lisabi, suna tallata fim din a matsayin tushen girman kai da 'yanci. [[Adebimpe Oyebade]] da Victoria Akujobi sun samar da fim din, tare da rubuta rubutun da Akinmolayan da Yinka Olaoye suka yi a kan dabarun Lisabi na karɓar al'ummar Aaro don tattarawa da makamai na mazajen Egba a matsayin aikin al'umma, kuma ba don fada ba. Fim din ya nuna Ogundoyin na [[Ibrahim Chatta]], [[Jide Awobona]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Mr Macaroni|Adebowale Adedayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Review: Niyi Akinmolayan's Dramatised Biopic Is a Deeply Contained Story – Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/niyi-akinmolayan-lisabi-the-uprising-review/ |access-date=2025-10-08 |language=en}}</ref> "The Uprising" ya nuna karuwar zalunci tun lokacin da Daular Oyo ke biyan haraji da kuma tayar da su a kan manoma na Egba, don haka Lisabi ta motsa ta shirya tawaye. Kungiyar Aaro, hadin gwiwa ta hanyar zama na al'umma, ta sake tsarawa a asirce don horar da kuma daukar mayakan.<ref name=":4" /> === Fim === Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2024, a [[Abeokuta]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi a cikin [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya, bayan watanni na samarwa da gano wuri a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An fara kama fim din ne a [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] saboda dalilai na gaskiya tare da subtitles na Turanci da aka kara a lokacin bayan samarwa. Kungiyar ta gina ƙauyukan Egba na tarihi, manyan gidaje, da sansanonin Oyo daga kayan da aka samo a cikin gida da kayan aikin da aka yi da hannu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta gine-ginen Yoruba na ƙarni na 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ogtv |title=LISABI: THE UPRISING' MOVIE, A REMINDER OF EGBA IDENTITY – GOV. ABIODUN |url=https://ogtv.com.ng/2024/09/28/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-a-reminder-of-egba-identity-gov-abiodun/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mai tsarawa kayan aiki Abiola Ojo ya kula da kirkirar abubuwa da yawa, gami da Fadar Alaafin, ɓoyewar Lisabi, da kuma gandun daji na Aaro, wuri na farko don wuraren horar da tawaye.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" – A Bold Yet Uneven Historical Epic |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/lisabi-the-uprising-a-bold-yet-uneven-historical-epic/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Akinmolayan ya lura cewa yanayin da ba a iya tsammani ba da kuma mummunan wuri sau da yawa ya sa yin fim ya zama ƙalubale, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa. === Abubuwan gani da na musamman === Sakamakon na musamman ga Lisabi: [[Tasirin Hakeem|Hakeem Onilogbo]] ne ya samar da tashin hankali, yana sa alamun kabilun Yoruba da tufafi su zama masu gaskiya, don haka ya taimaka wajen kafa lokacin neman fim din. Anthill Studios ne ke kula da tasirin gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=14 October 2024 |title="Lisabi: The Uprising" Walks The Fine Line Between History And Storytelling |url=https://culturecustodian.com/lisabi-the-uprising-walks-the-fine-line-between-history-and-storytelling/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Anthill ya kara da ƙirar halitta ta CGI kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun tasirin gani na zamani don yin kwaikwayon saitunan tarihi daidai, inganta tasirin gani na fim din. Fim din ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar ikon ruhaniya na Lisabi, wanda Akinmolayan ya haɗu don inganta wasan kwaikwayo; duk da haka, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da sahihanci.<ref name=":8" /> === Waƙoƙi da sauti === An kawo mawakiyar fim din Najeriya [[Tolu Obanro]] don ƙirƙirar maki ga Lisabi: The Uprising biyo bayan aikinsa akan ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' . An tsara ƙwallon ta amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Yoruba, kuma Obanro ya yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan sauti don fim din. Ya lura, "An yi amfani da dabaru da yawa wajen hada sauti na Lisabi. Na yi niyyar zurfi a duk al'amuran, gami da tasirin sauti. "Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin shirya fina-finai don jerin ayyukan fim din, yana mai cewa, "Ko da shiru wani nau'i ne na sauti; yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tewobola |first=Shalom |date=23 October 2024 |title=The Delicate Art of Sound Design in "Lisabi: The Uprising" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-delicate-art-of-sound-design-in-lisabi-the-uprising/ |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 2024, [[Netflix]] ta ba da sanarwar sayen haƙƙin rarraba fim din Niyi Akinmolayan na baya-bayan nan, Lisabi: The Uprising, wanda aka shirya don saki a ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar 2024, a Cibiyar Al'adu ta 12 ga Yuni, Kuto, Abeokuta, [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin wannan sanarwa, Netflix ya bayyana cewa an saki wani ci gaba mai taken ''[[lisabi: An haifi Gwarzo|Lisabi: An haifi Labari]]'' a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025. An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2024. == Karɓar baƙi == === Masu sauraro === A cewar [[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya]] (NAN), Lisabi: The Uprising ya zama fim din da aka kalli na farko a kan jadawalin fim din [[Netflix]] na Najeriya, rikodin da aka samu bayan kwana uku da aka saki fim din. === Amsa mai mahimmanci === Cletus na Premium Times ya yaba da [[Ibrahim Chatta]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji]] saboda yadda suka nuna Songodeyi da Lisabi Agbongbo Akala bi da bi. Da yake bayyana fim din a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] na 2024, ya ba shi darajar 8 daga 10. Muhibat Sulaimon na ''[[TheCable]]'' ya ba da fim din 7 daga 10, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙananan kuskuren". Kodayake ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon halin da kuma kayan ado na fim din, ya nuna rashin gaskiya a cikin tasirin fim din, alal misali, yayin sauyawar abokan Lisabi zuwa dabbobi da rashin jini a lokacin da aka yanke Sangodeyi. Noghama Ehioghae na African Folder ya kimanta fim din 5.2 daga 10, yana yabon kayan ado da wadatattun al'adu da sahihanci da aka kawo ta hanyar hada raƙumi. Koyaya, ta soki fim din saboda kasancewa mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya, da kuma "rashin tashin hankali da lokutan da ke da ban sha'awa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehioghae |first=Noghama |date=12 October 2024 |title=Lisabi: The Uprising Movie Review; Rise Of A Legend In The Shadow Of Oyo's Tyranny. |url=https://africanfolder.com/lisabi-the-uprising-movie-review/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=[[African Folder]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === A shekarar 2025 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA), an zabi Lisabi: The Uprising a cikin nau'o'i goma, gami da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Darakta, da Mafi Kyawu Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebubechukwu |first=Orji Victor |date=2025-03-27 |title=Historical Dramas Dominate AMVCAs 2025 Nominations |url=https://opencountrymag.com/historical-dramas-lisabi-the-uprising-and-seven-doors-lead-amvcas-2025-nominations/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Open Country Mag]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vivian |first=Nneka Nwajiaku |date=2025-03-24 |title="Seven Doors", "Lisabi: The Uprising" Lead AMVCA Nominations 2025 + Full List of Nominees |url=https://afrocritik.com/amvca-2025-nominations-list/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=[[Afrocritik]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka uku.<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="10" |2025 | rowspan="10" |Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka |Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Yammacin Afirka) |{{Won}} |- |Jagoran Fasaha mafi Kyawu|{{Won}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti|{{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Makeup|{{Won}} |- |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar - Oluwatoyin Balogun da [[Adebimpe Oyebade]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun mai ba da tallafi - [[Mr Macaroni|Mista Macaroni]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Gyara - Anthill Studios|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography - Barnabas Emordi da [[Nora Awolowo]]|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor - [[Lateef Adedimeji]]|{{Nom}} |} [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]], daya daga cikin manyan jihohin Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin, ta yi amfani da iko mai mahimmanci a kan yawancin makwabta, gami da Egba. Wannan iko ya kasance alama ce ta buƙatun haraji mai nauyi da aikin tilas. [[Mutanen Egba]], da ke zaune da farko a cikin abin da ke yanzu kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafin sarakunan Oyo, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa da sha'awar cin gashin kai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victor Ebimomi, Akinwunmi King |first=Anthonia Soyingbe |date=10 March 2009 |title=Lisabi Day – a Cultural Revolution of Egba People |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200903100189.html}}</ref> [[File:Lisabi_GbongboAkala.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Hoton Lisabi Gbongbo Akala]] Lisabi Agbongbo Akala, babban shugaban Egba, ya kasance babban hali a wannan zamanin juriya. An haifi Lisabi a Itoku, wanda shi ne unguwa a Abeokuta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whispers |first=Tales and |title=Lisabi and the Egba Liberation Story |url=https://talesandwhispers.com/story/lisabi-and-the-egba-liberation-story |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=talesandwhispers.com |language=en}}</ref> An gane Lisabi a matsayin wanda aka ba shi da hankali, iyawar jagoranci, da kuma iyawar yaki. Lisabi ta fara tattara Aaro a asirce, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Egba, a matsayin cibiyar ƙungiyar juriya. A karkashin al'adar aikin al'umma, Lisabi ta shirya kuma ta ba da kayan aiki ga mutanen Egba don shirya tawaye mai yawa game da mulkin Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okùnadé |first=Johnson |date=23 August 2024 |title=Lisabi Agbongbo Akala: The Heroic Guardian of Egba Legacy |url=https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001051207/https://johnsonokunade.com/2024/08/lisabi-agbongbo-akala-the-heroic-guardian-of-egba-legacy.html |archive-date=1 October 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Johnson Okunade Afro-Cultural Hub |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Ìtàn Mánigbàgbé: Àáró tó yẹ kí Lisabi gbà, ló fi bẹ ọ̀wẹ̀ láti kọlu Ìlàrí Ọlọyọ fún ìdáǹdè Ẹ́gbá |url=https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/afrika-50519336 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=BBC News Yorùbá |language=yo}}</ref> === Tashin hankali === An shirya kuma an kashe tashin hankali, wanda aka sani da Lisabi's Rebellion. A cikin wani hari da aka tsara, Lisabi da mabiyansa sun kaddamar da jerin hare-hare a kan sojojin da ke cikin yankin Egba. Wadannan hare-haren mamaki sun kasance da sauri da lalacewa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ikon yankin Oyo da ababen more rayuwa a yankin. Shirye-shiryen Lisabi sun dogara da dabarun 'Yan tawaye, wanda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da kwanto da hare-hare, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga sojojin Oyo su rama yadda ya kamata. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, mutanen Egba sun hambarar da ikon Oyo kuma sun ayyana 'yancin kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Balogun |first=Olanrewaju |title=DOCUMENTING AFRICAN HEROISM IN OLU OWOLABI'S LISABI AGBONGBO AKALA |url=https://www.academia.edu/44502751 |url-status=live |journal=Academia.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809162449/https://www.academia.edu/44502751/DOCUMENTING_AFRICAN_HEROISM_IN_OLU_OWOLABIS_LISABI_AGBONGBO_AKALA |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024}}</ref> A Najeriya ta yanzu, Lisabi mutum ne mai daraja a tarihi, musamman a tsakanin mutanen Egba. Ana koyar da labarinsa a makarantu, kuma ana yin bikin rawar da ya taka a tarihin Egba ta hanyar al'adun al'adu, abubuwan tunawa, da ba da labari.<ref name=":1" /> Bikin Lisabi na shekara-shekara ana nuna shi da kiɗa na gargajiya, rawa, da sake nunawa na tashin hankali, yana aiki a matsayin bikin al'adun Egba da kuma tunatarwa game da muhimmancin ƙaddamar da kai. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] haum0yp9h7uqyez1b2zrbwxilpbpkuf 0 86748 970527 810131 2026-10-22T23:43:03Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''James Buchanan Jr.''' (/bjuːˈkænən/ bew-KAN-ən; <ref>Olausson, Lena; Sangster, Catherine (2006). Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 0-19-280710-2</ref> an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilu , shekara ta alif ɗari bakwai da cassa'in da daya 1791 zuwa ranar 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta alif 1868) shi ne shugaban Amurka na 15, wanda ya yi aiki daga shekarar 1857 zuwa 1861. Buchanan kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren gwamnati daga 1845 zuwa 1849 kuma ya wakilci Pennsylvania a cikin gidaje biyu na U.S. Majalisa. Ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin jihohi, musamman game da bauta, kuma ya rage rawar da gwamnatin tarayya ta taka kafin yakin basasa. Buchanan lauya ne a Pennsylvania kuma ya lashe zaɓensa na farko zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta jihar a matsayin dan Majalisar Tarayya. An zabe shi zuwa Amurka. Majalisar Wakilai a 1820 kuma ta riƙe wannan matsayi na tsawon sharuɗɗa biyar, tare da Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party. Buchanan ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan Jackson zuwa Rasha a 1832. Ya ci zabe a 1834 a matsayin U.S. Sanata daga Pennsylvania kuma ya ci gaba da wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru 11. An nada shi a matsayin sakataren gwamnati na Shugaba James K. Polk a shekara ta 1845, kuma bayan shekaru takwas aka nada shi a matsayin ministan Shugaba Franklin Pierce a Burtaniya. Tun daga shekara ta 1844, Buchanan ya zama dan takara na yau da kullum don zaben shugaban kasa na Jam'iyyar Democrat. An zabe shi kuma ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1856. A matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa, Buchanan ya shiga tsakani don tabbatar da mafi rinjayen hukuncin Kotun Koli a cikin hukuncin da aka yanke na bautar a cikin shari'ar Dred Scott. Ya yarda da yunƙurin kudanci na injiniya Kansas shiga cikin Ƙungiyar a matsayin bawa a ƙarƙashinKundin Tsarin Mulki na Lecompton, kuma ya fusata ba kawai 'yan Republican ba har ma da Democrats na Arewa. Buchanan ya girmama alkawarinsa na yin aiki guda ɗaya kawai kuma ya goyi bayan takarar Breckinridge wanda bai yi nasara ba a zaben shugaban kasa na 1860. Ya ƙasa dai-daita jam'iyyar Dimokaradiyyar da ta samu karyewa a cikin tsangwama ga Stephen Douglas, wanda ya kai ga zaben dan Republican kuma tsohon dan majalisa Abraham Lincoln. Shugabancin Buchanan a lokacin gurguwar agwagi, kafin yakin basasar Amurka, ya sha suka sosai. A lokaci guda kuma ya fusata Arewa ta hanyar hana ballewa da kuma Kudu ta hanyar kin biyan bukatarsu. Ya goyi bayan canjin Corwin a kokarin sulhunta kasar. Ya yi ƙoƙari mara nasara don ƙarfafa Fort Sumter, amma in ba haka ba ya hana shirya sojoji. A cikin rayuwarsa na sirri, Buchanan bai taɓa yin aure ba kuma shi kaɗai ne U.S. shugaban ya ci gaba da zama dalibin digiri na tsawon rayuwarsa, wanda ya jagoranci wasu masana tarihi da marubuta don tambayar yanayin jima'i. An bayyana gazawarsa wajen dakile yakin basasa a matsayin rashin iya aiki, kuma ya shafe shekarunsa na ƙarshe yana kare mutuncinsa. Masana tarihi da masana sun sanya Buchanan a matsayin mafi munin shugabanni a tarihin Amurka. ==Rayuwar farko==  Wurin haihuwar Buchanan ===Yarantaka da ilimi=== James Buchanan Jr. an haife shi a cikin dangin Scotland-Irish a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1791, a cikin gidan katako a wani gona mai suna Stony Batter, kusa da Cove Gap, Peters Township, a cikin tsaunin Allegheny na kudancin Pennsylvania. Shi ne shugaban kasa na ƙarshe da aka haife shi a ƙarni na 18 kuma, har zuwa zaɓen [[Joe Biden]] a cikin 2020, wanda kaɗai aka haifa a Pennsylvania.<ref>The Presidents Timeline".</ref> Buchanan shi ne na biyu a cikin yara goma sha ɗaya da kanne mata shida da ƴan'uwa huɗu, kuma babban ɗan James Buchanan Sr. (1761-1821) da matarsa ​​Elizabeth Speer (1767-1833).<ref>Baker 2004, pp. 9–12</ref> James Buchanan Sr., dan Ulster-Scot ne daga wajen Ramelton, wani karamin gari a arewa maso gabas na County Donegal a arewa maso yamma na Ulster, lardin arewa a Ireland, wanda ya yi hijira zuwa sabuwar Amurka da aka kafa a 1783. , Bayan ya tashi daga Derry. ref>Discover Ulster-Scots: Emigration & Influence - Ulster and the White House. https://discoverulsterscots.com/emigration-influence/america/1718-migration-east-donegal/ulster-and-white-house</ref> Ulster-Scots Agency: News - The 'Buchanan Clan Gathering' in Co Donegal (30 June 2010). https://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/news/article/39/the-buchanan-clan-gathering-in-co-donegal/</ref> Ya kasance na Clan Buchanan, wanda mambobinsa sun yi hijira da yawa daga tsaunukan Scotland zuwa Ulster a arewacin Ireland a lokacin dashen Ulster a karni na sha bakwai kuma, daga baya, saboda talauci da tsanantawa daga Crown saboda su. Imani na Presbyterian, ya kara yin hijira da yawa daga Ulster zuwa Amurka tun daga farkon karni na sha takwas zuwa gaba. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar Buchanan, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa wata gona kusa da Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, kuma daga baya suka zauna a garin a shekara ta 1794. Mahaifinsa ya zama mazaunin yankin mafi arziƙi, yana aiki a matsayin ɗan kasuwa, manomi, da mai saka jari. Buchanan ya danganta iliminsa na farko ga mahaifiyarsa, yayin da mahaifinsa ya fi tasiri a kan halinsa.Mahaifiyarsa ta tattauna batun siyasa da shi tun yana yaro kuma tana da sha'awar sha'awar waƙa, tana ambaton John Milton da William Shakespeare ga Buchanan.<ref>Baker 2004, pp. 9–12</ref> Buchanan ya halarci Old Stone Academy a Mercersburg sannan Dickinson College a Carlisle, Pennsylvania.<ref>Baker 2004, pp. 12.</ref> A cikin 1808, an kusan fitar da shi saboda rashin daidaituwa; shi da ’yan uwansa dalibai sun jawo hankulan marasa kyau ga shaye-shaye a gidajen abinci, suna dagula zaman lafiya da daddare, da aikata barna, <ref>Baker 2004, pp. 13–16</ref> amma ya roki a ba shi dama na biyu kuma daga karshe ya kammala karatunsa da daraja a 1809.[10Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya koma babban birnin jihar a Lancaster, don horar da lauya na tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi tare da sanannen James Hopkins. Bayan salon zamani, Buchanan ya yi nazarin Lambobin Amurka da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka da kuma hukumomin shari'a irin su William Blackstone a lokacin karatunsa.<ref>Baker 2004, pp. 13–16<ref> ==Dokar farko da kuma Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania== A 1812, Buchanan ya ci jarrabawar mashaya kuma bayan an shigar da shi a mashaya, ya kasance a Lancaster, ko da lokacin da Harrisburg ya zama sabon babban birnin Pennsylvania. Buchanan da sauri ya kafa kansa a matsayin fitaccen wakilin doka a birnin. Kudin shiga ya tashi da sauri bayan ya kafa aikinsa, kuma zuwa 1821 yana samun sama da $11,000 a kowace shekara (daidai da $250,000 a cikin 2023).<ref>Baker 2004, pp. 13–16</ref> A wannan lokacin, Buchanan ya zama Freemason, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Jagora mai Bauta na Masonic Lodge No. 43 a Lancaster kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Jagora na Grand Lodge na Pennsylvania.<ref>Klein 1962, p. 27</ref> Buchanan ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen Lancaster na Jam'iyyar Tarayya. Kamar mahaifinsa, ya tallafa wa shirinsu na siyasa, wanda ya ba da kuɗin tarayya don gine-gine da ayyukan shigo da kaya da kuma sake kafa babban bankin bayan lasisin bankin farko na Amurka ya kare a 1811. Ya zama babban mai suka. ko Shugaban Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyya James Madison a lokacin yakin 1812.<ref>Baker 2004, pp. 17–18</ref> Ko da yake shi kansa bai yi aikin soja ba a lokacin yakin 1812, a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya ya shiga cikin gungun samarin da suka saci dawakai ga sojojin Amurka a yankin Baltimore.<ref>Klein 1962, p. </ref> Shi ne shugaban kasa na karshe da ya shiga yakin 1812.<ref>Moody, Wesley (2016). The Battle of Fort Sumter: The First Shots of the American Civil War. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-3176-6718-6 – via Google Books.</ref> A cikin 1814, an zabe shi don 'yan Tarayyar Tarayya zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania, <ref>Curtis 1883, p. 22</ref> inda ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma ya riƙe wannan kujera har zuwa 1816. Tun da zaman da aka yi a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Pennsylvania ya kasance watanni uku kawai, Buchanan ya ci gaba da aiki da doka. yana samun riba ta hanyar biyan kuɗi masu yawa, kuma hidimarsa ta taimaka masa ya sami ƙarin abokan ciniki<ref>Baker 2004, p. 18</ref> A cikin 1815, Buchanan ya kare Alkalin Kotun Walter Franklin a cikin shari'ar tsige shi a gaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Pennsylvania, bisa zargin rashin da'a na shari'a. An fi samun yawaitar tsige shi a lokacin domin an fi samun alakar cin mutuncin mukami da yanke hukuncin da bai dace ba bisa ga abin da jam’iyyu ke so da kuma farin jinin hukuncin da alkali ya yanke. Buchanan ya rinjayi Sanatocin cewa laifukan shari’a da keta doka ne kawai suka tabbatar da tsige shi.<ref>Moody, Wesley (2016). The Battle of Fort Sumter: The First Shots of the American Civil War. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-3176-6718-6 – via Google Books.</ref> ==Aikin majalisa== Babban labarin: Tarihin zaben James Buchanan ===U.S. Majalisar wakilai=== A cikin zaɓen majalisa na 1820, Buchanan ya nemi kujera a majalisar wakilai. Jim kadan bayan nasarar zabensa, mahaifinsa ya rasu a wani hatsarin mota.<ref>Baker 2004, p. 22</ref> A matsayinsa na matashin Wakili, Buchanan ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun jagororin bangaren "Jam'iyyar Amalgamator" na siyasar Pennsylvania, mai suna saboda ta kunshi 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat-Republican da tsoffin 'yan Tarayyar Tarayya, wadanda suka sauya sheka daga Tsarin Jam'iyyar Farko zuwa Era. ko Kyawun Ji. A wannan zamanin, Demokradiyya-Jamhuriya ta zama jam'iyya mafi tasiri. Hukunce-hukuncen Tarayya na Buchanan sun kasance masu rauni, kuma ya sauya jam’iyyu bayan ya yi adawa da wani dan kishin kasa.lissafin.<ref>Nicole Etcheson, "General Jackson Is Dead: James Buchanan, Stephen A. Douglas, and Kansas Policy", in James Buchanan and the Coming of the Civil War, ed. by John W. Quist and Michael J. Birkner, (2013) pp 88–90.</ref> A lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na 1824, Buchanan da farko ya goyi bayan Henry Clay, amma ya koma Andrew Jackson (tare da Clay a matsayin zabi na biyu) lokacin da ya bayyana cewa jama'ar Pennsylvania sun fi son Jackson.<ref>Klein, Philip Shriver; Hoogenboom, Ari (1980). A History of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-0-271-01934<ref> Bayan Jackson ya fadi zaben 1824, ya shiga kungiyarsa, amma Jackson ya raina Buchanan saboda kuskuren fassararsa na kokarinsa na sasanta tsakanin sansanin Clay da Jackson.<ref>Nicole Etcheson, "General Jackson Is Dead: James Buchanan, Stephen A. Douglas, and Kansas Policy", in James Buchanan and the Coming of the Civil War, ed. by John W. Quist and Michael J. Birkner, (2013) pp 88–90.</ref>Baker 2004, p. 24–27</ref> A Washington, Buchanan ya zama mai kare haƙƙin jihohi, kuma ya kasance kusa da yawancin 'yan majalisar kudu, yana kallon wasu 'yan majalisar New England a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Kusancin da Buchanan yake da shi da mazabarsa ya ba shi damar kafa haɗin gwiwar Demokaradiyya a Pennsylvania, wanda ya ƙunshi tsoffin manoman Tarayya, masu sana'a na Philadelphia, da Ulster-Scots-Amurka. A cikin zaben shugaban kasa na 1828, ya tabbatar da Pennsylvania, yayin da "Jackson Democrats", jam'iyya mai cin gashin kanta bayan da ta balle daga Jam'iyyar Republican Party, ta sami nasara cikin sauki a zaben 'yan majalissar da aka yi.<ref> Buchanan ya sami kulawa sosai a lokacin da ake shari'ar tsige shi inda ya zama mai gabatar da kara ga alkalin gundumar tarayya James H. Peck; duk da haka, Majalisar Dattawa ta ki amincewa da bukatar Buchanan tare da wanke Peck da kuri'u mafi rinjaye. An nada shi kwamitin noma a shekararsa ta farko, kuma daga baya ya zama shugaban kwamitin shari’a. A shekara ta 1831, Buchanan ya ki amincewa da takarar Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta 22 daga mazabarsa da ta hada da Dauphin, Lebanon, da Lancaster. Har yanzu yana da buri na siyasa kuma wasu 'yan Democrat na Pennsylvania sun gabatar da shi a matsayin dan takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa a zaben 1832.[21]. Hoton 1834 na Buchanan yana da shekaru 42-43 na Jacob Eichholtz ===Ministan Rasha=== Bayan da aka sake zabar Jackson a 1832, ya ba Buchanan mukamin jakadan Amurka a Rasha. Buchanan ya yi jinkirin barin ƙasar, kamar yadda mai nisa na St. Petersburg wani nau'i ne na gudun hijirar siyasa, wanda shine manufar Jackson, wanda ya ɗauki Buchanan a matsayin "mai aiki marar aiki" kuma marar aminci, amma a ƙarshe ya yarda.[18]. Ayyukansa sun mayar da hankali kan kulla yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da jigilar kayayyaki da Rasha. Yayin da Buchanan ya yi nasara tare da tsohon, yin shawarwarin yarjejeniya kan jigilar kaya kyauta tare da Ministan Harkokin Waje Karl Nesselrode ya kasance mai wahala.[22] Ya yi Allah wadai da Tsar Nicholas I a matsayin wanda ba shi da tushe bare makama ne kawai shekara guda kafin lokacin da yake rike da mukamin a Majalisa; Amurkawa da yawa sun mayar da martani mara kyau game da martanin da Rasha ta yi game da boren Poland na 1830.[23] ==U.S. Sanata== Buchanan ya koma gida ya sha kaye a zaben majalisar dokokin jihar na tsawon shekaru shida a majalisa ta 23, amma majalisar dokokin jihar Pennsylvania ta nada shi ya gaji William Wilkins a Amurka. Majalisar Dattawa. Wilkins, ya maye gurbin Buchanan a matsayin jakadan Rasha. Jasonian Buchanan, wanda aka sake zaɓe a 1836 da 1842, ya yi adawa da sake ba da izini na Babban Bankin Amurka na Biyu kuma ya nemi ya kawar da zargi na majalisa na Jackson daga yakin Bankin.[24]. Buchanan ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawa har zuwa Maris 1845 kuma sau biyu an tabbatar da shi a ofis.[2Domin hada kan 'yan Democrats na Pennsylvania a taron Jiha, an zabe shi a matsayin dan takararsu na babban taron kasa. Buchanan ya ci gaba da bin ƙa'idodin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Pennsylvania kuma wani lokaci ya ƙi amincewa da mukamai a Majalisa wanda ya inganta a cikin jawabansa, duk da buɗaɗɗen buri na Fadar White House.[26] An san Buchanan ne saboda jajircewarsa ga haƙƙin jihohi da akidar bayyana ƙaddara[27]. Ya yi watsi da tayin da shugaba Martin Van Buren ya yi masa na zama babban mai shari’a na Amurka kuma ya jagoranci manyan kwamitocin majalisar dattijai kamar kwamitin shari’a da kwamitin hulda da kasashen waje[28]. Buchanan na daya daga cikin 'yan majalisar dattawa da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewaYarjejeniyar Webster-Ashburton don "mika kai" ga Ƙasar Ingila, kamar yadda ya bukaci dukan Aroostook Valley Valley ga Amurka. A cikin Rigimar iyaka ta Oregon, Buchanan ya karɓi matsakaicin buƙatun 54°40′ a matsayin iyakar arewa kuma ya yi magana game da haɗa Jamhuriyar [[Texas]].[26] A lokacin zaɓen gwamna na Pennsylvania na 1838 mai cike da cece-kuce, Buchanan ya zaɓi ya goyi bayan ɗan takarar Demokraɗiyya, David Rittenhouse Porter, [29] wanda aka zaɓa da ƙasa da kuri'u 5,500 a matsayin gwamna na farko na Pennsylvania a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1838.[30][31] Buchanan ya kuma yi adawa da dokar gag da John C. Calhoun ya dauki nauyi wanda da zai danne koke-koke na adawa da bauta. Ya bi sahun masu rinjaye wajen toshe wannan doka, inda galibin ‘yan majalisar dattawa suka yi imanin cewa hakan zai yi tasiri wajen karfafa masu ruguzawa[32]. Ya ce, “Muna da ‘yancin yin katsalandan a kan bauta a Kudu, kamar yadda ya kamata mu taba ‘yancin yin koke.”[25] Buchanan ya yi tunanin cewa batun bautar shi ne yankin jihohin, kuma ya zargi masu kawar da kai. don sha'awar sha'awa game da batun. A cikin jagorancin 1844 Democratic National Convention, Buchanan ya sanya kansa a matsayin mai yiwuwa madadin tsohon shugaban kasar Martin Van Buren, amma nadin ya tafi James K. Polk, wanda ya lashe zaben.[26] ==Aikin diflomasiyya== ===Sakataren Gwamnati=== Buchanan (na biyu daga hagu) a cikin majalisar ministocin Polk, 1849 An bai wa Buchanan mukamin Sakataren Gwamnati a gwamnatin Polk ko kuma, a matsayin madadin, zama a Kotun Koli, don biya shi diyya don goyon bayansa a yakin neman zabe amma kuma don kawar da shi a matsayin abokin hamayyar jam'iyyar cikin gida. Ya karɓi mukamin Ma'aikatar Jiha kuma ya yi aiki na tsawon wa'adi ɗaya na Polk a ofis. A lokacin aikinsa, {asar Amirka ta yi rikodin ribar yanki mafi girma a tarihi ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Oregon da yerjejeniyar Guadalupe Hidalgo, wanda ya haɗa da yanki wanda yanzu ya zama Texas, California, Nevada, [[New Mexico]], Arizona, Utah, da Colorado.[33] A cikin tattaunawa da Biritaniya kan Oregon, da farko Buchanan ya fifita daidaici na 49 a matsayin iyakar yankin Oregon, yayin da Polk ya yi kira da a samar da ƙarin layin iyakar arewa. Lokacin da 'yan Democrat na Arewa suka haɗu a kusa da sanannen taken hamsin da huɗu da arba'in ko Fight ("54 ° 40 'ko yaki") a yakin neman zaben 1844, Buchanan ya karbi wannan matsayi, amma daga baya ya bi jagorancin Polk, wanda ya kai ga Oregon Compromise na 1846, wanda ya kafa daidaici na 49 a matsayin iyaka a cikin Pacific Northwest.[34] Game da Mexico, Buchanan ya ci gaba da kallon ra'ayi mai ban mamaki cewa harin da ya kaiwa sojojin Amurka a wani gefen Rio Grande a watan Afrilu 1846 ya zama cin zarafi da kuma dalilin da ya dace na yaki. A lokacin yakin Mexican-American, Buchanan ya fara ba da shawara game da ikirarin yankin kudancin Rio Grande, yana jin tsoron yaki da Birtaniya da Faransa. Duk da haka, yayin da yakin ya ƙare, Buchanan ya canza ra'ayinsa kuma ya yi jayayya game da ƙaddamar da wani yanki na gaba, yana jayayya cewa Mexico ce ke da alhakin yakin kuma cewa diyya da aka yi shawarwari don asarar da Amurka ta yi ba ta da yawa. Buchanan ya nemi nadin a babban taron Dimokuradiyya na 1848, kamar yadda Polk ya yi alkawarin yin hidimar wa'adi daya kawai, amma ya sami goyon bayan wakilan Pennsylvania da Virginia, don haka aka zabi Sanata Lewis Cass na Michigan.[35] ==Rayuwar farar hula da zaben shugaban kasa na 1852== Bust na James Buchanan na Henry Dexter a Gidan Hoto na Kasa Tare da zaben 1848 na Whig Zachary Taylor, Buchanan ya koma rayuwa ta sirri. Buchanan ya ci gaba da yin shekaru kuma har yanzu yana sanye da salon zamani na samartaka, wanda hakan ya sa 'yan jarida suka yi masa lakabi da "Tsohuwar Ayyukan Jama'a". Masu adawa da bauta a Arewa sun yi masa ba'a a matsayin wani abin tarihi na mutum kafin tarihi sabodako kuma kyawawan dabi’unsa[36]. Ya sayi gidan Wheatland da ke wajen birnin Lancaster kuma ya nishadantar da maziyartai daban-daban yayin da yake lura da al'amuran siyasa.[37] A cikin wannan lokacin, Buchanan ya zama cibiyar sadarwar iyali wanda ya ƙunshi 22 'ya'ya, 'ya'yansu da zuriyarsu, bakwai daga cikinsu marayu ne. Ya samo wa wasu ayyukan yi wa jama’a ayyukan yi ta hanyar ba da goyon baya, kuma ga waɗanda ke goyon bayansa, ya ɗauki matsayin uba. Ya kulla zumunci mai karfi da 'yar uwarsa Harriet Lane, wacce daga baya ta zama uwargidan shugaban kasa ga Buchanan a fadar White House.[36] A cikin 1852, an nada shi shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Franklin da Kwalejin Marshall a Lancaster, kuma ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 1866.[38] Buchanan bai bar siyasa gaba daya ba. Ya yi niyyar wallafa tarin jawabai da tarihin rayuwarsa, amma zaben shugaban kasa na 1852 ya ci tura. Buchanan ya tafi Washington don tattaunawa game da siyasar Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Pennsylvania, wanda aka raba zuwa sansani biyu karkashin jagorancin Simon Cameron da George Dallas.[39] Ya yi kamfen cikin natsuwa don zaben shugaban kasa na Demokradiyya na 1852. Dangane da Yarjejeniya ta 1850, wanda ya haifar da shigar da California a cikin Ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙasa mai 'yanci da kuma Dokar Bawan Fugitive, yanzu Buchanan ya ƙi amincewa da Yarjejeniyar Missouri kuma ya yi maraba da kin amincewa da Majalisa na Wilmot Proviso, wanda ya haramta bauta a cikin duka. yankunan da aka samu a yakin Mexico da Amurka. Buchanan ya soki abolitionism a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata majalisar dokoki ta yanke shawarar bautar, ba Majalisa ba. Ya ki son kawar da ’yan Arewa saboda jam’iyyarsa, kuma ya zama sananne a matsayin “fuskar kullu” saboda tausayinsa ga Kudu. Buchanan ya fito ne a matsayin dan takara mai ban sha'awa na takarar shugaban kasa na Democrat, tare da Lewis Cass, Stephen Douglas, da William L. Marcy; duk da haka, babban taron Pennsylvania bai kada kuri’ar amincewa da shi ba, inda wakilai sama da 30 suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da shi.[40] A 1852 Democratic National Convention, ya sami goyon bayan da yawa kudancin wakilan amma ya kasa samun nasarar kashi biyu bisa uku na goyon bayan da ake bukata na zaben shugaban kasa, wanda ya tafi zuwa ga Franklin Pierce. Buchanan ya ƙi ya zama ɗan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, kuma taron ya zaɓi abokinsa na kud da kud, William R. King.[41] ==Ministan Burtaniya== Pierce ya lashe zaben a shekara ta 1852, kuma bayan watanni shida, Buchanan ya karbi mukamin ministan Amurka a Burtaniya, matsayin da ke wakiltar koma baya a aikinsa kuma ya yi watsi da shi sau biyu a baya.[41] Buchanan ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila a lokacin rani na 1853, kuma ya kasance a kasashen waje na shekaru uku masu zuwa. A shekara ta 1850, Amurka da Birtaniya sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Clayton-Bulwer, wadda ta ba wa kasashen biyu damar sarrafa duk wani magudanar ruwa na gaba wanda zai hade Tekun Atlantika da Pacific ta Tsakiyar Amurka. Buchanan ya gana akai-akai da Lord Clarendon, ministan harkokin wajen Biritaniya, da fatan matsawa Burtaniya lamba ta janye daga Amurka ta tsakiya. Ya sami damar rage tasirin Birtaniyya a Honduras da Nicaragua yayin da yake kara wayar da kan masarauta kan muradun Amurkawa a yankin.[42] Ya kuma mai da hankali kan yuwuwar shigar da kasar Cuba, wadda ta dade tana sha'awarsa.[43] A yunkurin Pierce, Buchanan ya sadu a Ostend, Belgium, tare da U.S. Ambasada a Spain Pierre Soulé da U.S. Ambasada a Faransa John Mason, don tsara tsarin sayan Cuba. Wani daftarin takarda ya haifar, wanda ake kira Ostend Manifesto, wanda ya ba da shawarar siyan Cuba daga Spain, sannan a tsakiyar juyin juya hali da kuma kusa da fatara. Takardar ta ayyana tsibirin "kamar yadda ya zama dole ga jamhuriyar Arewacin Amurka kamar kowace danginta na yanzu". Sabanin shawarar Buchanan, daftarin ƙarshe na ma'anarya ba da shawarar cewa "komo shi daga Spain", idan Spain ta ƙi sayar da ita, za ta zama barata "ta kowace doka, ɗan adam da Allahntaka"[44]. An gamu da ra'ayin da aka raba tare da raba ra'ayi kuma ba a taɓa yin aiki da shi ba. Ya raunana gwamnatin Pierce kuma ya rage goyon baya ga Ƙaddamar Ƙaddamarwa.[44] [45] A cikin 1855, yayin da Buchanan ke son komawa gida ya girma, Pierce ya nemi ya rike katanga a Landan bisa la'akari da ƙaura da wani jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya zuwa Caribbean.[42] ==Zaben 1856== Babban labarin: 1856 zaben shugaban kasa na Amurka 1856 Taswirar kuri'un zabe Sabis na Buchanan a ƙasashen waje ya ba shi damar gujewa muhawarar kan dokar Kansas-Nebraska sannan kuma ya lalata ƙasar a cikin rikicin bautar.[46] Duk da cewa bai fito fili ya nemi shugabancin kasar ba, amma ya amince da kungiyar a madadinsa[47]. Yayin da yake Ingila, ya yi kamfen ta wurin yabon John Joseph Hughes, wanda shi ne Archbishop na New York, ga wani babban limamin Katolika. Na karshen ya yi kamfen ga Buchanan a cikin manyan Katolika da zarar ya ji labarin.[46] Lokacin da Buchanan ya isa gida a ƙarshen Afrilu 1856, ya jagoranci jefa kuri'a na farko, goyon bayan manyan Sanatoci John Slidell, Jesse Bright, da Thomas F. Bayard, waɗanda suka gabatar da Buchanan a matsayin gogaggen shugaba mai kira ga Arewa da Kudu. Yarjejeniyar Dimokuradiyya ta 1856 ta hadu a watan Yuni 1856, ta samar da wani dandamali wanda ke nuna ra'ayoyin Buchanan, gami da goyon bayan Dokar Bawan Fugitive, wanda ke buƙatar dawo da bayin da suka tsere. Dandalin ya kuma yi kira da a kawo karshen zanga-zangar adawa da bauta da kuma Amurka. "hawa a cikin Tekun Mexico".[48] Shugaba Pierce ya yi fatan sake tsayawa takara, yayin da Sanata Stephen A. Douglas shi ma ya yi kaurin suna a matsayin dan takara mai karfi. Ya lashe zaben ne bayan kuri'u goma sha bakwai bayan murabus din Douglas. John C. Breckinridge na Kentucky ne ya haɗa shi a kan tikitin don ci gaba da wakilci na yanki, yana sanya magoya bayan Pierce da Douglas, kuma abokan Breckinridge.[49] Buchanan ya fuskanci 'yan takara guda biyu a babban zaben: tsohon shugaban Whig Millard Fillmore ya yi takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Katolika na Anti-Catholic, anti-igrant American Party (ko "Know-Nothing"), yayin da John C. Frémont ya yi takara a matsayin dan takarar Republican. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin Buchanan da Frémont ya kasance mai ma'ana sosai, tare da 'yan caricaturists masu adawa da juna suna zana ɗan takarar Demokraɗiyya a matsayin dattijo mai ban tsoro.[50] Buchanan bai yi yaƙin neman zaɓe ba, amma ya rubuta wasiƙu kuma ya yi alƙawarin tabbatar da tsarin dimokuradiyya. A zaben, ya dauki kowace kasa bayi sai dai Maryland, da kuma jihohi biyar marasa bauta, ciki har da jiharsa ta Pennsylvania[49]. Ya lashe kashi 45 cikin 100 na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, kuma ya lashe kuri'un zaben, inda ya samu kuri'u 174 cikin 296. Zaben nasa ya sanya shi zama shugaban kasa na farko daga Pennsylvania. A cikin jawabin nasara na gwagwarmaya, Buchanan ya yi tir da 'yan Republican, yana mai kiran su "jam'iyya mai haɗari" da "jam'iyya" wadda ta kai hari ga Kudu ba bisa ka'ida ba.[50] Ya kuma bayyana cewa, “Abin da gwamnatina za ta yi shi ne ruguza jam’iyyu, Arewa ko Kudu, da kuma maido da jituwa a cikin kungiyar a karkashin gwamnatin kasa da kuma masu ra’ayin rikau.” nadin majalisarsa[52]. ==Shugaban kasa (1857-1861)== ===Babban labarin: Shugabancin James Buchanan Kaddamarwa=== Babban labarin: rantsar da James Buchanan An kaddamar da Buchanan a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1857, yana karbar rantsuwar ofis daga babban alkalin alkalai Roger B. Taney. A cikin dogon jawabinsa na rantsar da shi, Buchanan ya sadaukar da kansa ga yin hidimar wa'adi daya kacal, kamar yadda wanda ya gabace shi ya yi. Ya kyamaci rarrabuwar kawuna dangane da bauta da matsayinta a yankunan, yana mai cewa bai kamata Majalisa ta taka rawar gani ba wajen tantance matsayin bauta a jihohi ko yankuna[53]. Ya ba da shawarar mafita dangane da Dokar Kansas-Nebraska, wanda ya bayyana cewaKa'idar ikon mallakar jama'a ta kasance mai yanke hukunci, kuma Majalisa ba ta da ta cewa a cikin lamarin. Buchanan ya ba da shawarar a kafa dokar bautar tarayya don kare haƙƙin masu bayi a yankunan tarayya. Ya yi ishara da shari'ar Kotun Koli da ke kan shari'ar, Dred Scott v. Sandford, wanda ya ce zai warware batun bautar har abada. Dred Scott bawa ne wanda mai gidansa John Sanford ya ɗauke shi na ɗan lokaci daga ƙasar bawa zuwa yanki mai 'yanci. Bayan da Scott ya koma ƙasar bawa, sai ya shigar da ƙarar neman 'yancinsa dangane da lokacinsa a cikin ƙasa mai 'yanci.[53] Mataimakin mai shari'a Robert C. Grier ya leka shawarar a cikin shari'ar "Dred Scott" da wuri ga Buchanan. A cikin jawabinsa na farko, Buchanan ya bayyana cewa batun bautar da ake yi a yankunan zai kasance "cikin sauri kuma a karshe" Kotun Koli za ta warware shi.[54] A cewar masanin tarihi Paul Finkelman: Buchanan ya riga ya san abin da Kotun za ta yanke. A cikin wani babban keta da'a na Kotun, Mai Shari'a Grier, wanda, kamar Buchanan, ya fito daga Pennsylvania, ya ba da cikakken bayani ga zababben shugaban kasa game da ci gaban shari'ar da muhawarar cikin gida a cikin Kotun. Lokacin da Buchanan ya bukaci al'ummar kasar da su goyi bayan shawarar, ya riga ya san abin da Taney zai ce. Zaton 'yan jam'iyyar Republican na rashin adalci ya zama cikakke.[55] Masana tarihi sun yarda cewa hukuncin kotun babban bala'i ne saboda ya haifar da tashin hankali sosai, wanda ya kai ga yakin basasa.[56][57][58] A cikin 2022, ɗan tarihi David W. Blight ya yi iƙirarin cewa shekara ta 1857 ita ce, "babban jigon hanyar rabuwar kai ... galibi saboda shari'ar Dred Scott, wanda ya haifar da tsoro, rashin amincewa da ƙiyayyar ƙiyayya da ta riga ta zama ruwan dare a cikin duka Arewa. da Kudu zuwa sabon matakan tsanani.”[59] ==Ma'aikata== ===Majalisar ministoci da gudanarwa=== The Buchanan cabinetOfficeNameTermShugaba James Buchanan1857-1861Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa John C. Breckinridge1857-1861Sakataren JihaLewis Cass1857-1860Jeremiah S. Black1860-1861Sakataren Baitulmali18585761 s Dix1861 Sakataren WarJohn B. Floyd1857–1860 1861Attorney GeneralJeremiah S. Black1857–1860Edwin Stanton1860– 1861Master JanarAaron V. Brown1857–1859Joseph Holt1859–1860Horatio King1861Sakataren NavyIsaac Toucey1857–1861Sakataren Cikin GidaJacob Thompson1857–1861 859). Daga hagu zuwa dama: Jacob Thompson, Lewis Cass, John B. Floyd, James Buchanan, Howell Cobb, Isaac Toucey, Joseph Holt da Jeremiah S. Black Yayin da rantsar da shi ke gabatowa, Buchanan ya nemi kafa majalisar ministoci mai biyayya, mai jituwa don gujewa fadan da ya addabi gwamnatin Andrew Jackson.[60] Majalisar ministocin ta zama dole ta yi adalci wajen samun daidaito a cikin jam’iyyar da kuma tsakanin yankunan kasar. Buchanan ya fara yin wannan aiki a Wheatland har sai da ya yi tafiya zuwa babban birnin kasar a watan Janairun 1857. A can, kamar sauran baƙi da ke National Hotel, ya kamu da cutar zazzaɓi mai tsanani, wanda bai gama warkewa ba sai bayan watanni da yawa. Da dama daga cikin wadanda suka kamu da rashin lafiya sun mutu, ciki har da dan uwan ​​Buchanan da sakatare mai zaman kansa Eskridge Lane.[52] Zaɓin majalisar ministocin ya kasance bala'i, tare da ministocin Kudu guda huɗu waɗanda manyan bayi ne waɗanda daga baya suka zama masu biyayya ga Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Amurka [61]. An dauki Sakataren Baitulmali Howell Cobb a matsayin babban hazakar siyasa a majalisar ministoci, [62] yayin da shugabannin sassan uku daga jihohin arewa duk ana daukar su a matsayin kullu.[63] Manufarsa ita ce ta mamaye majalisar ministoci, kuma ya zabi mazaje da za su yarda da ra'ayinsa[64]. Buchanan ya samu matsala da mataimakinsa tun daga farko, lokacin da bai tarbe shi ba a ziyararsa ta farko, amma ya mika shi ga ‘yar uwansa da uwargidan shugaban kasa, waddaBreckinridge bai gafarta masa ba kuma yana ganin rashin mutunci[65]. Ya bar mai tasiri Stephen A. Douglas, wanda ya sanya Buchanan nadin zai yiwu ta hanyar yin murabus a taron kasa a shekarar da ta gabata, lokacin da ya cika mukamin.[66] Da yake mai da hankali kan manufofin ketare, ya nada Lewis Cass tsoho a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnati. Nadin da Buchanan ya yi wa ’yan Kudu da abokan zamansu ya sanya jama’a da dama a Arewa saniyar ware, kuma rashin nada kowane mabiya Douglas ya raba jam’iyyar.[52] A wajen majalisar ministocin, ya bar mukaman da Pierce ya yi da yawa amma ya cire adadin ‘yan Arewa da ke da alaka da abokan hamayyar Demokradiyya Pierce ko Douglas.[65] ===Nadin na shari'a=== Babban labarin: Jerin alkalan tarayya da James Buchanan ya nada Buchanan ya nada mai shari’a daya, Nathan Clifford, zuwa Kotun Koli ta Amurka.[67] Ya nada wasu alkalai bakwai na tarayya a kotunan gundumomi ta Amurka. Ya kuma nada alkalai guda biyu a kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka.[68] ===Tsangwama a cikin shari'ar Dred Scott=== Matsalar Dred Scott v. Sandford, wanda Buchanan ya ambata a cikin jawabinsa na farko, kwanan wata zuwa 1846. Scott ya kai ƙarar a sake shi a Missouri, yana mai da'awar cewa ya rayu a hidima ga mai mallakar a Illinois da Wisconsin Territory. Shari'ar ta kai Kotun Koli kuma ta sami kulawa ta kasa a shekara ta 1856. Buchanan ya tuntubi Alkali John Catron a cikin Janairu 1857, yana tambaya game da sakamakon shari'ar kuma yana ba da shawarar cewa yanke shawara mafi girma, fiye da takamaiman shari'ar, zai zama mai hankali. 69] Buchanan ya yi fatan cewa yanke shawara mai zurfi na kare bauta a yankunan zai iya sa batun ya huta, ya ba shi damar mai da hankali kan wasu batutuwa.[70] Catron ya amsa a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, yana mai cewa mafi rinjaye na Kotun Koli na Kudancin za su yanke hukunci a kan Scott, amma za su iya buga hukuncin a kan kunkuntar filaye sai dai idan Buchanan zai iya shawo kan dan uwansa Pennsylvania, Justice Robert Cooper Grier, don shiga yawancin kotun. [71] Buchanan sannan ya rubuta wa Grier kuma ya rinjaye shi, yana ba da mafi yawan damar don ba da shawarar yanke shawara mai fa'ida wanda ya isa ya sanya Yarjejeniyar Missouri ta 1820 ta sabawa kundin tsarin mulki.[72][73] Kwanaki biyu bayan an rantsar da Buchanan a matsayin shugaban kasa, babban alkalin kotun Taney ya ba da shawarar Dred Scott, wanda ya ki amincewa da bukatar mai shigar da kara na a 'yantar da shi daga bauta. Hukuncin ya kara tabbatar da cewa Majalisa ba ta da ikon da kundin tsarin mulki ya ba da ikon cire bauta a yankunan.[74] Bisa ga wannan shawarar, bayi sun kasance mallakin masu su har abada ba tare da hakki ba, kuma babu wani Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka da zai taɓa zama cikakken ɗan ƙasar Amurka, ko da kuwa yana da cikakken yancin ɗan adam a wata jiha.[75] Ba a bayyana wasikun Buchanan a bainar jama'a ba a lokacin, amma an gan shi yana tattaunawa cikin nutsuwa da babban alkalin yayin rantsar da shi. Lokacin da aka yanke shawarar, 'yan Republican sun fara yada kalmar cewa Taney ya sanar da Buchanan sakamakon da ke tafe. Maimakon rusa tsarin jam’iyyar Republican kamar yadda Buchanan ya yi fata, shawarar ta harzuka ‘yan Arewa, inda suka yi Allah-wadai da shi.[76] ==Farkon 1857== Tsoron 1857 ya fara ne a lokacin rani na waccan shekarar, lokacin da reshen New York na Kamfanin Inshorar Rayuwa da Amintacciya ta Ohio ya sanar da rashinsa.[77] Rikicin ya bazu cikin sauri, kuma a faɗuwar rana, bankunan jihohi 1,400 da kasuwanci 5,000 sun yi fatara. Rashin aikin yi da yunwa sun zama ruwan dare a garuruwan arewa, amma kudancin noma ya fi jurewa. Buchanan ya yarda da mutanen kudu wadanda suka danganta tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin da yawan hasashe.[78] Buchanan ya yi aiki daidai da ka'idodin dimokuradiyya na Jacksonian, wanda ya hana ba da kuɗin takarda, da kuma daskarar da kudaden tarayya don ayyukan ayyukan jama'a, wanda ya haifar da fushi a tsakanin wasu daga cikin jama'a saboda kin aiwatar da shirin bunkasa tattalin arziki.[79] Yayin dagwamnati ta kasance "ba tare da ikon tsawaita agaji ba",[78] za ta ci gaba da biyan basussukan ta musamman, kuma yayin da ba za ta rage ayyukan jama'a ba, ba za a kara ba. Da fatan rage kudin takarda da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, ya bukaci jihohi da su takaita bankunan da basussukan dala dala 3 zuwa dala 1 na musamman da kuma hana amfani da lamuni na tarayya ko na jiha a matsayin tsaro ga al’amuran banki. Tattalin arzikin ya farfado cikin shekaru da dama, ko da yake Amurkawa da yawa sun sha wahala sakamakon firgici.[80] Buchanan ya yi fatan rage gibin da aka samu, amma a lokacin da ya bar mulki kasafin kudin tarayya ya karu da kashi 15%[78]. ===Utah war=== Manyan labarai: Yaƙin Utah da Jami'an Runaway na 1851 A cikin bazara na 1857, Waliyai na Ƙarshe da shugabansu Brigham Young sun kasance suna ƙalubalantar wakilan tarayya a yankin Utah, suna haifar da tsangwama da tashin hankali ga waɗanda ba Mormons ba. Matasa sun tursasa jami'an tarayya tare da hana mutanen waje daga zama a yankin Salt Lake City. A cikin Satumba 1857, Utah Territorial Militia, da ke da alaƙa da Waliyyai na Ƙarshe, sun yi kisan kiyashi a Dutsen Meadows, inda 'yan bindigar Young suka kai hari kan jirgin karu kuma suka kashe mazauna 125. Buchanan ya fusata da tsaurin kai da kuma halin auren mata fiye da daya na matasa[81]. Tare da rahotannin tashin hankali ga waɗanda ba Mormons ba, Buchanan ya ba da izinin balaguron soji zuwa yankin Utah a ƙarshen Maris 1857 don maye gurbin Young a matsayin gwamna. Rundunar ta ƙunshi mutane 2,500, ciki har da Alfred Cumming da mukarrabansa, kuma Janar William S. Harney ne ya ba shi umarni. Abubuwa masu rikitarwa, sanarwar matashin game da maye gurbinsa ba a isar da shi ba saboda gwamnatin Pierce ta soke kwangilar wasiƙar ta Utah, kuma Matashi ya kwatanta sojojin da ke gabatowa a matsayin hambare mara izini.[82][74] Shawarar ma'aikatan Buchanan ta tunzura juriya daga Mormons a kusa da Young, kamar yadda Harney ya kasance sananne saboda rashin ƙarfi da rashin tausayi. A cikin Agusta 1857, Albert S. Johnston ya maye gurbinsa saboda dalilai na kungiya.[83] Matashin ya mayar da martani game da matakin soja ta hanyar yin balaguro na makonni biyu, tare da lalata jiragen karusai, shanu, da sauran kadarori na Sojoji. Buchanan sai ya aika Thomas L. Kane a matsayin wakili mai zaman kansa don yin shawarwarin zaman lafiya. Manufar ta yi nasara, an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya don maye gurbin Gwamna Young tare da Cumming, kuma yakin Utah ya ƙare. Shugaban ya yi afuwa ga mazauna garin da ke tabbatar da biyayya ga gwamnati, kuma ya sanya sojojin tarayya a wuri mai nisa don daidaita tsarin mulkinsa.[84] Buchanan bai sake yin sharhi game da rikicin ba har sai da Adireshinsa na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai a watan Disamba 1857, ya bar tambayar ko tawaye ne a Utah. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan hukuma na ƙarshe na Buchanan a cikin Maris 1861 shine rage girman yankin Utah don goyon bayan Nevada, Colorado, da Nebraska.[85] Yayin da Waliyyan Ƙarshen Ƙarshe suka saba wa ikon tarayya akai-akai, wasu masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da matakin Buchanan martani ne da bai dace ba ga rahotannin da ba a tabbatar ba.[74] ==Transatlantic telegraph na USB== Buchanan shine farkon mai karɓar sakon waya na hukuma wanda aka watsa a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Bayan aika da gwajin gwaji da na'urorin telegram, a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 1858 Sarauniya Victoria ta aika sako mai kalmomi 98 zuwa Buchanan a gidansa na bazara a Otal din Bedford Springs a Pennsylvania, yana mai bayyana fatan cewa sabuwar kebul ɗin da aka shimfida zai tabbatar da "ƙarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin. kasashen da kawancensu ya ginu ne bisa maslaharsu da kimar juna”. Saƙon Sarauniya Victoria ya ɗauki awanni 16 don aikawa.[86][87] Buchanan ya amsa da cewa: "Wannan nasara ce mafi daukaka, domin ya fi amfani ga bil'adama, fiye da yadda mai nasara ya taba cin nasara a fagen yaki. Bari Atlantic telegraph, a karkashin albarkar sama, ya tabbatar da zama haɗin kai na zaman lafiya na dindindin kuma abota tsakanin al'ummomi na dangi, da kayan aikin da Ubangiji ya tsara don yada addini.wayewa, 'yanci, da shari'a a duk duniya." [88]. Jinin Kansas da rigingimun tsarin mulki [gyara tushe] Babban labarin: Jinin Kansas Ma'auni na jihohi da yankuna masu 'yanci da bayi a cikin 1858, bayan shigar da Minnesota Dokar Kansas-Nebraska ta 1854 ta kirkiro yankin Kansas kuma ta ba wa mazauna wurin damar yanke shawarar ko za su ba da izinin bauta. Wannan ya haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin "Ƙasa mai 'Yanci" (maganin bauta) da kuma masu zaman bayi, waɗanda suka haɓaka zuwa lokacin "Bleeding Kansas". Mazauna yaki da bauta, tare da taimakon ’yan Arewa, suka shirya nasu gwamnatin yankin a Topeka. Mazaunan da suka fi zama bayi, da yawa daga jihar bawan da ke makwabtaka da Missouri, sun kafa gwamnati a Lecompton, suna ba yankin gwamnatoci daban-daban guda biyu na wani lokaci, tare da tsarin mulki daban-daban guda biyu, kowannensu yana da'awar halacci. Shiga Kansas a matsayin jiha yana buƙatar ƙaddamar da tsarin mulki ga Majalisa tare da amincewar yawancin mazaunanta. A karkashin Shugaba Pierce, jerin tarzoma ta kaure kan wanda ke da 'yancin kada kuri'a a Kansas. Lamarin dai ya ja hankalin al'ummar kasar, kuma wasu a Jojiya da Mississippi sun bada shawarar ballewa idan Kansas ta zama kasa mai 'yanci. Buchanan ya zaɓi ya amince da gwamnatin Lecompton ta bauta.[89] Buchanan ya nada Robert J. Walker don maye gurbin John W. Geary a matsayin Gwamna na Yanki, kuma an gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama mai cin karo da juna daga Topeka da Lecompton, inda aka yi magudin zabe. A cikin Oktoba 1857, gwamnatin Lecompton ta tsara tsarin mulkin Lecompton na bautar da ya amince da kuri'ar raba gardama ta iyakance ga tambayar bautar. Koyaya, kuri'ar adawa da bautar, kamar yadda yarjejeniyar Lecompton ta tanada, har yanzu za ta ba da izinin bayin da ke wanzuwa, da duk batunsu, su zama bayi, don haka babu wani ƙuri'ar raba gardama da ta ba da izinin yawancin mazauna yaƙi da bautar da su haramta bautar a Kansas. A sakamakon haka, mazauna masu adawa da bautar sun kaurace wa kuri'ar raba gardama tun da bai samar da zabi mai ma'ana ba[90]. Duk da zanga-zangar Walker da tsoffin gwamnonin Kansas guda biyu, Buchanan ya yanke shawarar yarda da Tsarin Mulki na Lecompton. A cikin watan Disamba na 1857 tare da Stephen A. Douglas, shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattijai akan yankuna, Buchanan ya bukaci duk 'yan Democrat su goyi bayan matsayin gwamnati na shigar da Kansas a karkashin kundin tsarin mulki na Lecompton. A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, ya aika da Tsarin Mulki na Lecompton zuwa Majalisa. Ya kuma aika da sakon da ya kai hari ga "gwamnatin juyin juya hali" a Topeka, yana hada su da Mormons a Utah. Buchanan ya yi ƙoƙari don tabbatar da amincewar majalisa, yana ba da tagomashi, alƙawura, har ma da tsabar kuɗi don ƙuri'a. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Lecompton ya sami amincewar Majalisar Dattawa a watan Maris, amma haɗin gwiwar Know-Nothings, Republican, da Democrats na Arewa sun kayar da kudirin a majalisar.[91] Buchanan bai taɓa gafartawa Douglas ba, saboda kin amincewar 'yan Democrat na Arewa shine yanke shawara a cikin shawarar House, kuma ya cire duk magoya bayan Douglas daga ikonsa a Illinois da Washington, D.C., yana girka 'yan Democrat masu goyon bayan gudanarwa, gami da masu kula da gidan waya.[92][93] ] Maimakon karɓar shan kashi, Buchanan ya goyi bayan Dokar Ingilishi na 1858, wanda ya ba da jihar Kansas da kuma kafaffen filayen jama'a don musanya yarda da Tsarin Mulki na Lecompton. A cikin Agusta 1858, Kansans ta hanyar kuri'ar raba gardama sun yi watsi da Tsarin Mulki na Lecompton sosai.[91] Yankin ya sami kundin tsarin mulki, wanda wakilai da 'yan majalisar dattijai daga jihohin kudu suka yi adawa da shi sosai a Majalisa har sai da aka shigar da Kansas a cikin Tarayyar a cikin Janairu 1861.[92]. Rikicin kan Kansas ya zama fagen fama don kula da Jam'iyyar Democrat. A gefe guda akwai Buchanan, yawancin 'yan Democrat na Kudu, da "fuskan kullu". A daya bangaren kuwa Douglas da mafi yawan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat na arewa.da kuma wasu ‘yan Kudu kadan. Bangaren Douglas ya ci gaba da goyan bayan koyarwar mashahuran ikon mallaka, yayin da Buchanan ya nace cewa 'yan Democrat suna mutunta shawarar Dred Scott da kuma watsi da shisshigin tarayya na bauta a yankuna.[94] ===1858 zaben tsakiyar wa'adi=== Lokacin da Douglas na Majalisar Dattijai ya ƙare a 1859, tare da majalisar dokokin Illinois, wanda aka zaba a 1858, yana ƙayyade ko Douglas zai sake lashe zabe. Kujerar majalisar dattijai ita ce batun farko na zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki, wanda shahararren muhawarar da aka yi tsakanin Douglas da abokin hamayyarsa na jam'iyyar Republican, Abraham Lincoln ya nuna. Buchanan, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar wakilai na tarayya da aka nada a Illinois, ya jagoranci 'yan takara na majalisar dokoki a gasar tare da 'yan Republican da Douglas Democrats. Wannan zai iya jefa zaben ga ‘yan Republican cikin sauki, kuma ya nuna zurfin kiyayyar Buchanan ga Douglas.[95] A ƙarshe, Douglas Democrats ya lashe zaɓen majalisa kuma an sake zaɓe Douglas a majalisar dattawa. A zaben na wannan shekarar, sojojin Douglas sun mamaye yankin Arewa, sai dai a jihar Pennsylvania ta Buchanan. In ba haka ba an rage tallafin Buchanan zuwa ƴan ƴan kudu kaɗan.[96][97] Rabe-raben da ke tsakanin arewaci da kudancin dimokuradiyya ya bai wa ‘yan Republican damar samun rinjaye na majalisar a zabukan 1858, kuma ya ba su damar toshe mafi yawan ajandar Buchanan. Buchanan, bi da bi, ya ƙara da ƙiyayya tare da veto na wasu muhimman dokoki guda shida na Republican.[98] Daga cikin wadannan matakan akwai dokar Homestead, wanda zai ba da kadada 160 na filayen jama'a ga mazaunan da suka zauna a filin har tsawon shekaru biyar, da Dokar Morrill, da ta ba da filayen jama'a don kafa kwalejoji na ba da filaye. Buchanan ya bayar da hujjar cewa waɗannan ayyukan sun saba wa tsarin mulki. A yammaci da arewa maso yammacin Amurka, inda dokar Homestead ta shahara sosai, har ma da yawa daga cikin 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat sun yi Allah wadai da manufofin shugaban, yayin da yawancin Amurkawa da suka dauki ilimi a matsayin muhimmiyar kadara sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da matakin Buchanan na kwalejojin aikin gona.[99] ==Manufar harkokin waje== Buchanan ya karbi mulki tare da manufofin ketare mai kishi, wanda aka tsara don kafa U.S. mulkin mallaka sama da Amurka ta tsakiya a kan kuɗin Burtaniya.[100] Buchanan ya nemi ya sake farfado da Kaddara mai bayyanawa da kuma aiwatar da koyarwar Monroe, wacce ta kasance karkashin farmaki daga Mutanen Espanya, Faransanci, da kuma Birtaniya a cikin 1850s.[101] Ya yi fatan sake tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar Clayton-Bulwer don magance mulkin mallaka na Turai a Yammacin Yammacin Turai, wanda ya yi tunanin iyakance Amurka. tasiri a yankin. Ya kuma nemi kafa kariyar Amurka a kan jihohin Chihuahua da Sonora na Mekziko don tabbatar da 'yan Amurka da zuba jari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana fatan cimma burinsa na dogon lokaci na samun Cuba. Duk da haka, Majalisar Wakilai ta hana burin Buchanan a Cuba da Mexico. Bayan doguwar tattaunawa da turawan Ingila, ya shawo kansu su mika tsibirin Bay ga Honduras da kuma gabar sauro ga Nicaragua.[102] A cikin 1858, Buchanan ya ba da umarnin balaguron Paraguay don azabtar da Paraguay don harbe-harbe a kan USS Water Witch, yana ba da umarnin jiragen ruwa 2,500 da jiragen ruwa 19 a can. Wannan balaguron mai tsada ya ɗauki watanni kafin ya isa Asunción, wanda ya yi nasarar samun gafarar Paraguay da biyan diyya.[102] Shugabannin Raiatea da Tahaa a Kudancin Pacific, sun ƙi yarda da mulkin Sarki Tamatoa V, ba su yi nasara ba, suka roƙi Amurka da ta karɓi tsibiran da ke ƙarƙashin wata mamaya a watan Yuni 1858.[103]. Buchanan ya kuma yi la'akari da sayen Alaska daga Daular Rasha, kamar yadda kifin kifi a cikin ruwa ya zama babban mahimmancin tattalin arziki ga Amurka. Buchanan ya ƙarfafa wannan ta hanyar yada jita-jita ga jakadan Rasha Eduard de Stoeckl a cikin Disamba 1857 cewa yawancin Mormons sun yi niyyar yin hijira zuwaRasha Alaska. A cikin hunturu na 1859, an yi tayin siyan farko na $5,000,000 (daidai da $169,560,000 a 2023). Ko da yake a ƙarshe aikin bai yi nasara ba saboda tanadin Ministan Harkokin Wajen Alexander Gorchakov, tattaunawar ta haifar da ginshiƙi na tattaunawar da aka yi don siyan Alaska.[104] Buchanan ya nemi yarjejeniyar kasuwanci tare da daular Qing da Japan. A kasar Sin, wakilinsa William Bradford Reed ya yi nasarar shigar da Amurka cikin yarjejeniyar Tianjin. A cikin Mayu 1860, Buchanan ya karɓi tawagar Japan wanda ya ƙunshi sarakuna da yawa waɗanda suka ɗauki yarjejeniyar Harris wanda Townsend Harris ya sasanta don amincewa da juna.[105] Sarki Rama IV na Siam ya ba Buchanan garken giwaye, ko da yake wasikar ta zo ne bayan tafiyar Buchanan daga ofis kuma magajin Buchanan Abraham Lincoln ya ki amincewa da tayin yana mai cewa Amurka. yana da yanayin da bai dace ba[106]. Sauran dabbobin gidan shugaban ƙasa sun haɗa da mikiya guda biyu da karen Newfoundland.[107] ===Kwamitin Covode=== A cikin Maris 1860, Majalisar ta tsige Kwamitin Covode don bincikar tsarin kulawa na gwamnatin Buchanan saboda zargin da ake yi na tsige shi, kamar cin hanci da karbar wakilai. Magoya bayan Buchanan sun zargi kwamitin, wanda ya kunshi ‘yan Republican uku da ‘yan Democrat biyu, da nuna bangaranci a fili, kuma sun yi ikirarin shugabansa, Rep Rep. John Covode, ya kasance yana aiki ne da ɓacin rai wanda ya samo asali daga tallafin ƙasar da ake takaddama a kai wanda aka tsara don cin gajiyar kamfanin layin dogo na Covode.[108] Membobin kwamitin Dimokuradiyya, da kuma shaidun Demokradiyya, sun himmatu wajen la'antar Buchanan.[109][110] Kwamitin ya kasa kafa dalilan tsige Buchanan; sai dai mafi rinjayen rahoton da aka fitar a ranar 17 ga watan Yunin da ya gabata, na zargin almundahana da cin zarafi a tsakanin mambobin majalisar ministocinsa. Kwamitin ya tattara shaidun da ke nuna cewa Buchanan ya yi ƙoƙarin ba da cin hanci ga 'yan majalisa a cikin yardarsa ta hanyar masu shiga tsakani a cikin bazara na 1858 dangane da tsarin mulkin Lecompton na Kansas na bautar bautar, kuma ya yi barazana ga danginsu da rasa mukaminsu idan ba su zabe su ba. na kundin tsarin mulki na Lecompton.[110] Shaidu sun kuma shaida cewa gwamnatin tarayya ta yi amfani da kudaden jama’a wajen karfafa bangaren ‘yan adawar Douglas a Illinois.[111] 'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat sun yi nuni da cewa shaida ba ta da yawa, amma ba ta musanta zargin ba; daya daga cikin 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat, Rep. James Robinson, ya bayyana cewa ya amince da ‘yan jam’iyyar Republican, duk da cewa bai sanya hannu ba[110]. Jama’a sun kadu matuka da irin yadda cin hancin ya shafi dukkan matakai da hukumomin gwamnati[112]. Buchanan ya yi iƙirarin cewa "ya ci nasara cikin nasara ta wannan wahala" tare da cikakkiyar kuɓuta. 'Yan jam'iyyar Republican sun rarraba dubban kofe na rahoton kwamitin Covode a duk fadin kasar a matsayin kayan yakin neman zabe a zaben shugaban kasa na wannan shekarar.[113][114] ==Zaben 1860== Babban labarin: 1860 zaben shugaban kasa na Amurka John C. Breckinridge, mataimakin shugaban Amurka a karkashin Buchanan Kamar yadda ya yi alkawari a jawabinsa na farko, Buchanan bai nemi sake tsayawa takara ba. Ya yi nisa har ya gaya wa magajinsa na ƙarshe cewa: "Idan kun kasance cikin farin ciki da shiga Fadar White House kamar yadda zan ji lokacin dawowa Wheatland, kai mutum ne mai farin ciki" [115]. A 1860 Democratic National Convention a Charleston, jam'iyyar ta rabu kan batun bautar a cikin yankuna, da lalata sunan Buchanan a matsayin babban mutumin da ke da alhakin wannan batu. Duk da cewa Douglas ya jagoranci bayan kowace kuri'a, ya kasa samun rinjayen kashi biyu bisa uku da ake bukata. An dage taron bayan kuri'u 53, kuma an sake zama a Baltimore a watan Yuni. Bayan da Douglas ya lashe zaben, 'yan Kudu da dama sun ki amincewa da sakamakon, kuma suka zabi mataimakin shugaban kasa Breckinridge a matsayin dan takarar su. Douglas daBreckinridge ya amince da mafi yawan batutuwa sai dai kariyar bauta. Buchanan, yana jin haushin Douglas, ya kasa sulhunta jam'iyyar, kuma ya goyi bayan Breckinridge. Tare da ɓarkewar jam'iyyar Democrat, ɗan takarar Republican Abraham Lincoln ya lashe zaɓe na hanyoyi huɗu wanda ya haɗa da John Bell na Jam'iyyar Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Taimakon Lincoln a Arewa ya isa ya ba shi rinjayen Kwalejin Zabe. Buchanan ya zama dan Democrat na karshe da ya ci zaben shugaban kasa har zuwa Grover Cleveland a 1884.[116] Tun a watan Oktoba, Babban Kwamandan rundunar, Winfield Scott, abokin hamayyar Buchanan, ya gargade shi cewa zaben Lincoln zai sa akalla jihohi bakwai su fice daga kungiyar. Ya ba da shawarar a tura dakaru masu tarin yawa da manyan bindigogi zuwa wadancan jihohin domin kare kadarorin gwamnatin tarayya, ko da yake ya kuma yi gargadin cewa ba a samu karin wasu karin sojoji ba. Tun daga shekara ta 1857, Majalisa ta kasa kunnen uwar shegu da kiraye-kirayen da aka yi na samar da sojoji masu karfi kuma ta bar sojojin su fada cikin mummunan yanayi.[117] Buchanan ya ƙi yarda da Scott kuma ya yi watsi da shawarwarinsa.[118] Bayan zaben Lincoln, Buchanan ya umurci Sakataren Yakin John B. Floyd da ya karfafa rundunonin kudanci da irin wannan tanadi, makamai, da maza kamar yadda suke; duk da haka, Floyd ya lallashe shi ya soke wannan umarni[117]. ==Rabuwa== Tare da nasarar Lincoln, zancen rabuwa da rabuwa ya kai matsayi mai zafi, wanda ya dora wa Buchanan nauyi don yin jawabi a cikin jawabinsa na karshe ga Majalisa a ranar 10 ga Disamba. A cikin sakonsa, wanda bangarorin biyu suka yi tsammani, Buchanan ya ki amincewa da 'yancin jihohi. sun balle amma gwamnatin tarayya ba ta da ikon hana su. Ya dora laifin rikicin ne kawai kan “tsangwama tsakanin ‘yan Arewa da batun bautar da ake yi a jihohin Kudu,” ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa idan ba za su “ soke dokar da suka saba wa kundin tsarin mulki ba... Jihohin da suka ji rauni, bayan sun yi. na farko ya yi amfani da duk wata hanyar lumana da tsarin mulki don samun gyara, zai zama barata a cikin juriya na juyin juya hali ga Gwamnatin Tarayyar."[119] [120] Shawarar Buchanan kawai don magance rikicin shine "gyaran bayani" yana mai tabbatar da tsarin mulkin bautar a cikin. jihohi, dokokin bautar da ke gudun hijira, da mulkin mallaka na farin jini a cikin yankuna[119]. Jawabin nasa ya sha suka da kakkausar murya daga Arewa duka, da kin dakatar da ballewa, da kuma Kudu saboda tauye hakkinsu na ballewa.[121] Kwanaki biyar bayan gabatar da jawabin, Sakataren Baitulmali Howell Cobb ya yi murabus, saboda ra'ayinsa ya yi rashin jituwa da na shugaban.[122] Ko a lokacin da kafuwar kungiyar ‘yan aware ta jihohin ‘yan aware ke kara fitowa fili a cikin hunturu na shekarar 1860, shugaban ya ci gaba da kewaye kansa da ‘yan kudu yana watsi da ‘yan Republican[123].  Matsayin jihohi, 1861    Jihohin da suka balle kafin 15 ga Afrilu, 1861    Jihohin da suka balle bayan 15 ga Afrilu, 1861    Kungiyar ta ce ta halatta bautar    Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa ta haramta bauta    Yankuna South Carolina, wadda ta dade tana da tsattsauran ra'ayi a Kudancin kasar, ta balle daga Tarayyar a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1860. Duk da haka, ra'ayin 'yan kungiyar ya kasance mai karfi a tsakanin yawancin mutanen Kudu, kuma Buchanan ya nemi yin kira ga masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Kudancin da za su iya hana ballewa a wasu jihohi. Ya gana da kwamishinonin Kudancin Carolinian a ƙoƙarin warware halin da ake ciki a Fort Sumter, wanda dakarun tarayya suka ci gaba da iko da shi duk da wurin da yake a Charleston, South Carolina.[124] Buchanan ya ga Majalisa, ba kansa ba ne, ke da alhakin samar da mafita ga rikicin ballewa. A matsayin sasantawa ga jihohin kudanci, Buchanan ya yi hasashen amincewa da gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka wanda zai ba da tabbacin yancin bautar a jihohin kudu da yankuna da kuma karfafa 'yancin masu bayi na kwato wadanda suka tsere.bayi a matsayin dukiya a jihohin arewa[123]. Ya ki korar sakataren harkokin cikin gida Jacob Thompson bayan da aka zabi na biyu a matsayin wakilin Mississippi don tattauna batun ballewa daga kasar, kuma ya ki korar sakataren yakin kasar John B. Floyd duk da badakalar satar dukiyar kasa. Floyd dai ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa, amma ba kafin ya aike da bindigogi da dama zuwa jihohin Kudancin kasar ba, inda daga karshe suka fada hannun jam'iyyar Confederacy. Duk da murabus din Floyd, Buchanan ya ci gaba da neman shawarwarin masu ba da shawara daga Deep South, ciki har da Jefferson Davis da William Henry Trescot.[124] Abokin Buchanan Rose O'Neal Greenhow ya yi amfani da damar kusanci da shugaban kasar kuma ya yi leken asiri ga kungiyar Confederacy, wadda ta riga ta kafa hanyar sadarwa mai zurfi don tattara bayanai daga abokin hamayyarta na ƙarshe kafin kafa ta.[123]. Kokarin da Sen. John J. Crittenden, Rep. Thomas Corwin, da tsohon shugaban kasa John Tyler don yin sulhu don dakatar da ballewa, tare da goyon bayan Buchanan. Wasu gungun gwamnonin da suka yi taro a birnin New York ma sun yi rashin nasara. Buchanan ya roki zababben shugaban kasar Lincoln a asirce da ya yi kira ga zaben raba gardama na kasa kan batun bauta, amma Lincoln ya ki yarda.[125] A cikin watan Disamba na 1860, lokacin da aka yi taro na biyu na majalisa na 36, ​​majalisar wakilai ta kafa kwamitin na talatin da uku don hana wasu jihohi ballewa. Sun ba da shawarar Canjin Corwin, wanda zai hana Majalisa shiga tsakani da bautar a cikin jihohi. Duk da adawar da ‘yan jam’iyyar Republican suka yi masa, ya zarce majalisun biyu, kuma aka gabatar da shi ga jahohi don amincewa, amma ba a taba amincewa da adadin jihohin da ake bukata ba[126]. Duk da ƙoƙarin Buchanan da sauransu, wasu ƙasashe shida na bayi sun balle a ƙarshen Janairu 1861. Buchanan ya maye gurbin membobin majalisar ministocin Kudancin da suka bar John Adams Dix, Edwin M. Stanton, da Joseph Holt, waɗanda dukansu sun himmatu don kiyaye ƙungiyar. . Lokacin da Buchanan yayi la'akari da mika wuya ga Fort Sumter, sababbin mambobin majalisar sun yi barazanar yin murabus, kuma Buchanan ya tuba. Ranar 5 ga Janairu, Buchanan ya yanke shawarar ƙarfafa Fort Sumter, ya aika da Star of West tare da mutane 250 da kayayyaki. Duk da haka, ya kasa neman Manjo Robert Anderson don samar da wuta ga jirgin, kuma an tilasta shi komawa Arewa ba tare da isar da sojoji ko kayayyaki ba. Buchanan ya zabi kada ya mayar da martani ga wannan aiki na yaki, a maimakon haka ya nemi sasantawa don kaucewa ballewa. Ya sami sako a ranar 3 ga Maris daga Anderson, cewa kayayyaki sun yi ƙasa, amma amsa ya zama na Lincoln don yin, yayin da na ƙarshe ya yi nasara a kan kujerar shugabancin washegari.[127]. ===Jihohin da aka shigar a cikin Ƙungiyar== Sabbin jihohi uku an shigar da su cikin Ƙungiyar yayin da Buchanan ke ofis: Minnesota - Mayu 11, 1858[128] Oregon - Fabrairu 14, 1859[129] Kansas - Janairu 29, 1861 ==Shekaru na ƙarshe da mutuwa (1861-1868)== Buchanan a shekarun baya. c. tsakiyar 1860s Bayan ya bar ofis, Buchanan ya yi ritaya zuwa rayuwa ta sirri a Wheatland, inda ya shafe mafi yawan lokutansa a cikin karatunsa, karanta littattafai da rubuta wasiƙa. Yakin basasa ya barke a cikin watanni biyu da Buchanan ya yi ritaya. Ya goyi bayan kungiyar da yunkurin yaki, yana rubutawa ga tsoffin abokan aikinsu cewa, "harin da aka kaiwa Sumter shine farkon yakin da jihohin Confederate suka yi, kuma ba a bar wani madadin ba face a tuhume shi da karfi a bangarenmu."[130] Buchanan ya goyi bayan shigar da Lincoln na shiga aikin soja na duniya a jahohin arewa, amma ya kasance mai adawa da shelarsa ta 'yantar da shi. Ko da yake ya amince da take hakkin tsarin mulki a wasu daga cikin umarnin shugaban kasa, bai taba sukar su a bainar jama'a ba[131]. Ya kuma rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga ’yan uwansa ‘yan jam’iyyar Democrat na Pennsylvania a Harrisburg, yana roƙon su da dukan samari da su shiga cikin rundunar sojan tarayya kuma su “haɗa da dubban masu ba da agaji masu jaruntaka da masu kishin ƙasa waɗanda suka riga sun shiga.filin."[130]. Buchanan ya sadaukar da kansa wajen kare ayyukansa kafin yakin basasa, wanda wasu ke kiransa da "Yakin Buchanan"[130]. Ya sami wasiƙun ƙiyayya da wasiƙu na barazana kullum, kuma shaguna a Lancaster sun nuna kamannin Buchanan tare da jajayen idanu, an zana hanci a wuyansa da kalmar "MATSAYI" da aka rubuta a goshinsa. Majalisar dattijai ta ba da shawarar yanke hukunci wanda a karshe ya gaza, kuma jaridu sun zarge shi da hada baki da Confederacy. Tsoffin mambobin majalisarsa, biyar daga cikinsu an ba su ayyukan yi a gwamnatin Lincoln, sun ki kare Buchanan a fili.[132] Buchanan ya damu da hare-haren vitriolic da aka yi masa, kuma ya yi rashin lafiya da tawayar. A cikin Oktoba 1862, ya kare kansa a musayar wasiƙa da Winfield Scott, wanda aka buga a cikin National Intelligencer.[133] Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara rubuta cikakkiyar kariyarsa ta jama'a, a cikin sigar tarihinsa na Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of Rebellion, wanda aka buga a 1866, shekara guda bayan yakin basasa ya ƙare. Buchanan ya danganta ballewa da "mummunan tasiri" na 'yan Republican da yunkurin kawar da shi. Ya tattauna irin nasarorin da ya samu a manufofin ketare, ya kuma nuna gamsuwa da matakin da ya dauka, ko da a lokacin rikicin ballewa. Ya zargi Robert Anderson, Winfield Scott, da Majalisa kan batun da ba a warware ba.[131] Shekaru biyu bayan wallafa littafin, Buchanan ya kamu da sanyi a watan Mayun 1868, wanda ya kara tsanantawa da sauri saboda yawan shekarunsa. Ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1868, saboda gazawar numfashi yana da shekaru 77 a gidansa a Wheatland. An shigar da shi a makabartar Woodward Hill a Lancaster.[131] ==Ra'ayin Siyasa== James Buchanan (1859) na George Healy kamar yadda aka gani a cikin National Portrait Gallery a Washington, D.C. Sau da yawa 'yan arewa masu adawa da bautar Buchanan suna ɗaukar "fuska kullu", ɗan arewa mai ra'ayin kudu.[134]. Tausayin Buchanan ga jihohin Kudu ya wuce amfanin siyasa don hanyarsa zuwa Fadar White House. Ya gano dabi'u na al'adu da zamantakewa waɗanda ya gano suna nunawa a cikin ka'idodin girmamawa da salon rayuwar mai shuka wanda kuma da hakan ya ƙara shiga cikin jama'ar da ya yi ritaya tun daga 1834.[135] Jim kadan bayan zabensa, ya ce “babban abin da gwamnatinsa za ta yi shi ne a kamo, in ya yiwu, tada fitinar Bauta a Arewa, a ruguza jam’iyyu”.[134]. Ko da yake Buchanan ya kasance da kansa yana adawa da bautar, [24] ya yi imanin cewa masu lalata suna hana mafita ga matsalar bautar. Ya ce, “Kafin [masu kawo karshen] su fara wannan hargitsi, akwai wata babbar jam’iyya mai girma da kuma girma a yawancin jihohin bayi da ke goyon bayan kawar da bautar a hankali, kuma a yanzu ba a jin wata murya a wurin da ke goyon bayan irin wannan matakin. Masu shafewa sun jinkirta ‘yantar da bayi a jihohi uku ko hudu na akalla rabin karni.”[136] Dangane da manufar mai bautar, ya kasance a shirye ya ba da fa’idar kokwanto. A cikin sakonsa na shekara-shekara na uku zuwa ga Majalisa, shugaban ya yi iƙirarin cewa an yi wa bayi da alheri da mutuntaka ... Dukan masu ba da taimako da kuma son kai na ubangiji sun haɗu don samar da wannan sakamako na ɗan adam. "[137]. Buchanan ya yi tunanin kamewa shine ainihin kyakkyawan mulkin kai. Ya yi imani da kundin tsarin mulkin ya kunshi “... takurawa, ba bisa ga ka’ida ba, amma jama’a suka dora wa kansu da wakilansu... A faffadan ra’ayi, muradun jama’a na iya zama kamar iri daya, amma a idon gida da na yanki. son zuciya, kodayaushe suna bayyana suna cin karo da juna... kuma kishi da za su taso har abada ba za a iya danne su ba sai da hakurin juna da ya mamaye kundin tsarin mulki.”[138] Dangane da bauta da tsarin mulki, ya ce: “Ko da yake a Pennsylvania muduk suna adawa da bautar a zahiri, ba za mu taba karya yarjejeniyar tsarin mulki da muka yi da 'yan uwanmu jihohi ba. Mu za mu kiyaye hakkinsu. A karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin, tambayar tasu ce; Kuma a can sai ya wanzu.” [136] Gidan James Buchanan, Wheatland Daya daga cikin fitattun al’amura na wannan rana shi ne haraji[139]. Buchanan ya ci karo da ciniki cikin 'yanci da kuma harajin da aka haramta, tun da ko dai zai amfani wani yanki na kasar don cutar da ɗayan. A matsayinsa na dan majalisar dattijai daga Pennsylvania, ya ce: “Ana kallona a matsayin mai bayar da kariya ga wasu jihohi, alhali kuwa ana la’antar ni a matsayin makiyinta a Pennsylvania.”[140] Buchanan ya kuma shiga tsakanin muradinsa na fadada kasar don jin dadin al'ummar kasa baki daya, da kuma tabbatar da 'yancin mutanen da ke tsugunar da wasu yankuna. A kan fadada yankuna, ya ce, "Yallabai? Hana mutane daga tsallaka tsaunukan Duwatsu? Kuna iya ba da umarnin Niagara kada ta kwarara. Dole ne mu cika makomarmu." [141] A sakamakon yaduwar bauta. ta hanyar faɗaɗa ba tare da wani sharadi ba, ya ce: "Ina jin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙin duk wani aiki nawa don tsawaita iyakokin ƙungiyar a halin yanzu akan sabon yanki na mallakar bayi." Alal misali, ya yi fatan samun Texas "zai zama hanyar iyakancewa, ba daɗaɗawa, mulkin bauta ba." [141] ==Rayuwa ta sirri== Buchanan ya sha wahala daga esotropia. Bugu da kari, ido daya ba shi da hangen nesa, dayan kuma mai hangen nesa. Don rufe wannan sai ya sunkuyar da kansa gaba ya karkata gefe guda yayin mu’amalar jama’a[142]. Wannan ya haifar da izgili, wanda Henry Clay da sauransu suka yi amfani da shi ba tare da tausayi ba yayin muhawarar majalisa.[143] A cikin 1818, Buchanan ya sadu da Anne Caroline Coleman a babban ball a Lancaster, kuma su biyun sun fara zawarci. Anne diya ce ga attajiri mai kera ƙarfe Robert Coleman; Robert, kamar mahaifin Buchanan, daga County Donegal ne a Ulster. Anne kuma ita ce kanwar alkali Philadelphia Joseph Hemphill, ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikin Buchanan. A shekara ta 1819, su biyun sun yi alkawari, amma sun yi ɗan lokaci tare. Buchanan ya shagaltu da kamfaninsa na lauya da ayyukan siyasa a lokacin tashin hankali na 1819, wanda ya dauke shi daga Coleman na tsawon makonni a lokaci guda. Jita-jita ta yi yawa, kamar yadda wasu ke cewa yana da hannu da wasu mata (ba a san ko su waye ba)[144]. Wasiku daga Coleman sun bayyana cewa tana sane da jita-jita da yawa, kuma ta zarge shi da neman kudinta kawai. Ta fasa alkawari, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1819, ta mutu ba tare da fa'ida ba saboda "maƙarƙashiya" sakamakon yawan shan laudanum, tana da shekaru 23. Ba a taɓa kafa ba idan an sha maganin ta hanyar koyarwa, ta hanyar haɗari. , ko kuma da niyya.[131][145] Buchanan ya rubuta wa mahaifinta izinin halartar jana'izar, wanda aka ki yarda da shi[146]. A lokacin jana’izar ta, ya ce: “Ina jin farin ciki ya gudu daga gare ni har abada.” [147] Bayan haka, Buchanan ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai yi aure ba saboda sadaukar da kai ga ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacciyarsa, wadda ta mutu yana ƙarami.[131] William Rufus DeVane King, abokin zama na Buchanan kuma mai hasashe. A cikin 1833 da 1840s, ya yi magana game da shirye-shiryen yin aure, amma waɗannan ba su da komai kuma suna iya kasancewa kawai saboda burinsa na zama a Majalisar Dattijai ko Fadar White House. A cikin al'amarin na ƙarshe, mai neman ta kasance 'yar shekara 19 Anna Payne, 'yar uwar tsohuwar uwargidan shugaban kasa Dolley Madison.[131] A lokacin shugabancinsa, wata ’yar uwa marayu, Harriet Lane, wadda ya karbe ta, ta kasance mai masaukin baki a fadar White House.[148] Akwai jita-jita da ba ta da tushe cewa yana da alaka da matar shugaban Polk, Sarah Childress Polk.[149] Buchanan yana da dangantaka ta kud da kud da William Rufus King, wanda ya zama sanannen manufa na tsegumi. Sarki kamar Buchanan bai taba yin aure ba.[150] King ɗan siyasan Alabama ne wanda ya ɗan yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Franklin Pierce. Buchanan da King sun zauna tare a cikin waniGidan kwana na Washington kuma ya halarci ayyukan zamantakewa tare daga 1834 har zuwa 1844. Irin wannan tsarin rayuwa ya kasance gama gari, kodayake Buchanan ya taɓa kiran dangantakar a matsayin "sadarwa" [149]. Andrew Jackson ya kira su da izgili da “Miss Nancy” da “Aunt Fancy”, wanda tsohon ya kasance jigon layya na ƙarni na 19 ga ɗan adam.[151][152] Buchanan's Postmaster General, Aaron V. Brown, kuma ya kira Sarki a matsayin "Aunt Fancy", da kuma "mafi kyawun rabi" na Buchanan, da "matarsa".[153][154][155]. Sarki ya mutu sakamakon cutar tarin fuka jim kadan bayan rantsar da Pierce, shekaru hudu kafin Buchanan ya zama shugaban kasa. Buchanan ya siffanta shi a matsayin "daga cikin mafi kyawu, mafi tsarki kuma mafi daidaito mazajen jama'a da na sani"[149]. Marubucin tarihin rayuwa Baker ya yi nuni da cewa watakila yayan mazan biyu sun lalata wasikun da ke tsakanin mutanen biyu. Duk da haka, ta yi imanin cewa haruffan da suka tsira suna kwatanta kawai "ƙaunar abota ta musamman"[156]. Buchanan na rayuwarsa na zama na farko bayan mutuwar Anne Coleman ya jawo sha'awa da hasashe.[156] Wasu zato cewa mutuwar Anne kawai ta yi aiki don karkatar da tambayoyi game da jima'i da Buchanan.[147] Ɗaya daga cikin mawallafin tarihinsa, Jean Baker, ya nuna cewa Buchanan ya kasance marar aure, idan ba jima'i ba.[157] Marubuta da yawa sun ɗauka cewa ɗan luwadi ne, ciki har da James W. Loewen, [158] Robert P. Watson, da Shelley Ross.[159][160] Loewen ya nuna cewa Buchanan, a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ya rubuta wasiƙa yana mai tabbatar da cewa zai iya auren macen da za ta iya yarda da "rashin ƙwazo ko soyayya"[161][162]. ==Gado== ===Sunan tarihi=== Duk da cewa Buchanan ya yi hasashen cewa “tarihi zai tabbatar da abin tunawa na,” [163] masana tarihi sun soki Buchanan saboda rashin sonsa ko gazawarsa wajen fuskantar ballewa. Matsayin tarihi na shugabannin Amurka ba tare da togiya ba ya sanya Buchanan a cikin mafi ƙarancin shugabanni.[164] Idan aka yi nazari akan malamai, yana da matsayi a kasa ko kusa da shi ta fuskar hangen nesa/tsari,[165] jagoranci cikin gida, shugabancin manufofin kasashen waje,[166] halayya,[167] da ingantaccen mahimmin tarihi na gadonsu.[168] [1] [mafi kyawun tushe da ake buƙata] Bisa binciken da masanan Amurka da masana kimiyyar siyasa suka yi tsakanin 1948 da 1982, Buchanan yana matsayi a kowane lokaci a cikin mafi munin shugabannin Amurka, tare da Harding, Fillmore da Nixon.[169]. Mawallafin tarihin Buchanan Philip S. Klein ya mayar da hankali a cikin 1962, a lokacin ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a, kan ƙalubalen da Buchanan ya fuskanta: Buchanan ya karbi jagoranci...lokacin da zafin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ya mamaye al'ummar kasar. Cewa ya rike sassan makiya a wadannan lokutan juyin juya hali, shi kansa babban nasara ne. ’Yan bangar Arewa da Kudu da suka fusata ne suka kara girman rauninsa a cikin guguwar shekarun da ya yi na shugabancin kasar. Halayensa masu yawa, waɗanda a cikin lokacin da ya fi natsuwa zai iya ba shi matsayi a cikin manyan shuwagabanni, da sauri abubuwan bala'i na yaƙin basasa da kuma babban Abraham Lincoln suka mamaye shi.[170] Mawallafin tarihin rayuwar Jean Baker ba shi da kyauta ga Buchanan, yana cewa a cikin 2004: Amurkawa sun yi daidai da yaudarar kansu game da shugabancin James Buchanan, sun gwammace su sanya shi a matsayin mara azanci da rashin aiki...Hakika gazawar Buchanan a lokacin rikicin Tarayyar ba aiki ba ne, sai dai nuna son kai ga Kudu, fifikon da ya yi iyaka da shi. rashin aminci a cikin wani jami'in ya yi alkawarin kare duk Amurka. Shi ne wanda ya fi hatsarin manyan shuwagabannin zartarwa, mai taurin kai, kuskuren akidar da ka'idojinsu ba su da wata damar yin sulhu. Kwarewarsa a gwamnati ta sa ya zama mai dogaro da kansa don yin la'akari da wasu ra'ayoyi. A cikin cin amanar kasa, Buchanan ya matso kusa da aikata cin amanar kasa fiye da kowane shugaba a tarihin Amurka.[171] Wasu masana tarihi, irin su Robert May, sun yi jayayya cewa nasasiyasa ta kasance "komai ne face bautar",[172][173] [174] duk da haka, ana samun ra'ayi mara kyau a cikin ayyukan Michael Birkner game da Buchanan.[175] [176] Ga Lori Cox Han, ya yi matsayi a tsakanin malamai "a matsayin ko dai mafi munin shugaban kasa a tarihin [Amurka] ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na mafi ƙasƙanci matakin rashin nasara".[177] ===Abubuwan tunawa== Wani abin tunawa da tagulla da granite kusa da kusurwar kudu maso gabas na Washington, DC's Meridian Hill Park an tsara shi ta hanyar injiniya William Gorden Beecher kuma mai zanen Maryland Hans Schuler ya sassaƙa. An ba da izini a cikin 1916 amma Amurka ba ta amince da shi ba. Majalisa har zuwa 1918, kuma ba a kammala ba kuma ba a bayyana ba har sai Yuni 26, 1930. Tunawa yana nuna wani mutum-mutumi na Buchanan, wanda maza da mata na gargajiya suka yi wakilta da doka da diflomasiyya, tare da rubutaccen rubutu: "Mai mulki marar lalacewa wanda tafiya ya kasance a kan dutsen. jeri na shari'a," abin da wani memba na majalisar ministocin Buchanan, Jeremiah S. Black.[178] Buchanan memorial, Washington, D.C. An gina wani abin tunawa a baya a cikin 1907–1908 kuma an keɓe shi a cikin 1911, akan wurin haifuwar Buchanan a Stony Batter, Pennsylvania. Wani yanki na asali mai girman eka 18.5 (75,000 m2) wurin tunawa shine tsarin dala mai nauyin ton 250 wanda ke tsaye a kan rukunin gidan asali inda aka haifi Buchanan. An ƙera wannan abin tunawa ne don nuna ainihin yanayin ƙanƙara da turmi na asali.[179] An sanya sunayen kananan hukumomi uku a cikin girmamawarsa, a Iowa, Missouri, da Virginia. Wani kuma a Texas an yi masa baftisma a cikin 1858 amma ya sake masa suna Stephens County, bayan sabon zababben mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar Confederate States of America, Alexander Stephens, a 1861.[180]. An kuma sanya wa birnin Buchanan, Michigan sunan sa.[181] Wasu al'ummomi da yawa ana kiran su da sunan sa: al'ummar Buchanan, Indiana, birnin Buchanan, Jojiya, garin Buchanan, Wisconsin, da garuruwan Buchanan Township, Michigan, da Buchanan, Missouri. Makarantar Sakandaren James Buchanan ƙaramar makarantar sakandare ce ta karkara wacce ke bayan garinsu na ƙuruciya, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. ===Shahararrun hotunan al'adu== Buchanan da gadonsa sune tsakiyar fim ɗin Raising Buchanan (2019). Yi ==Manazarta== 5foitmrb3hopvtcm06zsd28tdbv698a 3 86869 970570 538275 2026-10-23T10:01:52Z Cabayi 8435 Cabayi moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Hectorinaaa]] to [[Tattaunawar user:MiamiMint]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Hectorinaaa|Hectorinaaa]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/MiamiMint|MiamiMint]]" 538275 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hectorinaaa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hectorinaaa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) t2nkz108jijfxkrmmo9yrvf85tmecsx 0 89831 970384 617207 2026-10-22T14:49:03Z Nura Bello 24854 970384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harold John Blackham''' (31 Maris 1903 - 23 Janairu 2009),babban masanin falsafa ne na ɗan adam ɗan Burtaniya, marubuci kuma masanin ilimi. An siffanta shi a matsayin "tsohon mutum na zamani a Biritaniya".<ref>Smoker. <nowiki>ISBN 095126351X</nowiki>. <nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki>: |work= ignored (help)</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa. == An haifi Blackham a West Bromwich, Staffordshire, A ranar 31 Maris 1903, zuwa Harriet Mary (1872-1955) da Walter Roland Blackham (1875-1911). 'Yan uwansa sune 'yar tsana Olive Dingle Blackham (1899-2002), Lorna Langstone Blackham (1900-1992), Sylvia Kerslake Blackham (1907-2000), da Joyce Maude Blackham (1909-1993). Blackham ya bar makaranta bayan karshen yakin duniya na daya, kuma ya zama ma'aikacin gona, kafin ya sami gurbi a Jami'ar Birmingham don yin nazarin allahntaka da tarihi.<ref>Barbara Smoker (19 April 2009). Harold Blackham SPES Memorial Meeting. <nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki>: |work= ignored (help)</ref> Ya sami difloma na koyarwa kuma shine babban malamin allahntaka a makarantar Doncaster Grammar.<ref>Barbara Smoker (19 April 2009). Harold Blackham SPES Memorial Meeting. <nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki>: |work= ignored (help)</ref> Shiga kungiyar da'a, Blackham ya janye kungiyar daga tsarin addini kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa kungiyar 'yan Adam ta Burtaniya, ya zama Babban Darakta na farko na BHA a shekarar 1963. Ya kuma kasance memba na kungiyar 'yan Adam ta Duniya da Da'a. (IHEU), sakataren IHEU (1952–1966), kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta IHEU ta International Humanist Award a 1974, da Kyauta ta Musamman don Hidima ga Humanism na Duniya a cikin 1978. Bugu da kari ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka rattaba hannu kan Manifesto na Dan Adam.<ref>Humanist Manifesto II". American Humanist Association. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.</ref> == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1903]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] ssnmyjze8374ti01w39l9swhbuyvtoz 0 101089 970493 899183 2026-10-22T21:25:01Z Nura Bello 24854 970493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Flag_of_Ghezo_of_Dahomey.svg|thumb|Fadar sarauta ta Ghezo]] '''Ghezo''', wanda kuma aka rubuta '''Gezo''', shi ne Sarkin Dahomey ( [[Benin|Jamhuriyar Benin]] ta yau) daga shekarar 1818 zuwa 1858. Ghezo ya maye gurbin ɗan'uwansa Adandozan (wanda ya yi mulki daga shekarar 1797 zuwa 1818) a matsayin sarki ta hanyar juyin mulki tare da taimakon ɗan kasuwan bawa na [[Brazil]] Francisco Félix de Sousa . Ya yi sarauta a kan masarautar a lokacin tashin hankali, wanda [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniyya]] ta rufe tashar jiragen ruwa na Dahomey don dakatar da [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|cinikin bayi na Atlantic]] . Ghezo ya kawo karshen matsayin Dahomey ga [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. Bayan haka, ya magance babbar rashin amincewar cikin gida, da kuma matsin lamba daga Daular Burtaniya, don kawo karshen cinikin bayi. Ya yi alkawarin kawo karshen cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1852, amma ya ci gaba da kokarin bayi a shekara de 1857. An kashe Ghezo a shekara ta 1858, kuma dansa Glele ya zama sabon sarki. == Samun iko == [[Fayil:Symbole_de_Guezo_roi_du_Dahomey_au_mur_de_la_place_Goho_à_Abomey_au_Bénin.jpg|thumb|Alamar Guezo a wurin goho]] Ghezo ɗa ne da aka haifa da sunan Gakpe ga Sarki Agonglo kuma ƙaramin ɗan'uwa ne ga Adandozan . Lokacin da Agonglo ya mutu, akwai gwagwarmayar maye tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza kafin a naɗa Adandozan. Wata al'adar baki wacce ta samo asali a lokacin mulkin Ghezo, don kawar da Adandozan daga tarihin hukuma, ta ce an kira Adandozan ne kawai mai mulki kuma ya ki ya sauka ga Ghezo lokacin da ya tsufa.<ref name="Bay" /> Masana tarihi suna shakkar wannan. Bayani game da shekarun karshe na gwamnatin Adandozan yana da iyaka sosai, yana ba da ɗan fahimta game da halin da ake ciki wanda ya haifar da mulkin Ghezo. Abin da aka sani shi ne cewa a kusa da 1818, Adandozan ya ɗaure Francisco Félix na Sousa, mai iko dan kasuwar bayi na Afirka da Brazil, lokacin da ya bukaci a biya kuɗin da aka ba Adandozan. Tare da taimakon, an ruwaito, na Nicola d'Olveira, ɗan matar Afro-Dutch na Agonglo, de Sousa ya tsere daga ɗaurin kurkuku kuma ya koma Grand-Popo. Yayinda yake gudun hijira, de Sousa ya aika da kyauta da kuɗi ga Ghezo wanda Ghezo ya yi amfani da shi don kafa goyon baya ga ƙalubalen kursiyin. A cikin Al'adun shekara-shekara na 1818, an ce Ghezo ya bayyana yana riƙe da drum din yaƙi a fadar. Bayan ganin wannan, ''Migan'' da ''Mehu'' (firayim ministoci) sun cire takalma na sarauta daga Adandozan kuma sun kira Ghezo sarki. Wataƙila gwagwarmayar farko ta fi tashin hankali fiye da yadda wannan labarin ya fada. A cewar wasu fassarori, ba a kira Ghezo mai mulki a wannan lokacin ba, amma a maimakon haka an kira shi mai mulki har sai dan Adandozan Dakpo ya isa ya yi mulki. Labarin ya ce wannan fahimtar ta kasance har zuwa 1838, lokacin da Ghezo ya kira ɗansa, sarki na gaba Glele, a matsayin yarima. A wannan lokacin Dakpo da Adandozan sun jagoranci ɗan gajeren gwagwarmaya a cikin fadar. Yaƙin ya haifar da wuta wanda ya ƙone wani ɓangare na fadar kuma ya kashe Dakpo, ya sa Ghezo ya zama sarki na Dahomey. == Dokar == [[Fayil:FORBES(1851)_p2.322_PROCESSION_OF_THE_KINGS_WEALTH,_EK-BAH-TONG-EK-BEH.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Gudanar da dukiyar Sarki Ghezo, wanda Frederick E. Forbes ya zana a 1851.]] An bayyana mulkin Ghezo ta hanyar wasu muhimman nasarorin soja, rashin amincewa da gida, da kuma sauya tattalin arzikin cinikin bayi. Sau da yawa ana tunawa da mulkin Ghezo a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci dangane da sake fasalin da canji ga tsarin siyasa na masarautar (ko da yake wasu daga cikin wannan suna ba da sauye-sauyen da suka faru a ƙarƙashin Adandozan ga Ghezo a cikin ɓangaren share mulkin Adandozan). Baya ga nasarorin soja, rashin amincewa da gida, da cinikin bayi, an kuma yaba wa Ghezo da fadada zane-zane sosai da kuma ba da matsayi na sarauta ga masu sana'a da yawa don komawa babban birnin Abomey. === Yaduwar Soja === [[Fayil:Dahomey_amazon2.jpg|thumb|Dahomey Amazons ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na soja a karkashin Ghezo]] Nasarar da ya fi samu a soja ita ce a kan [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]] da ta ragu a 1823. <ref name="Law-1986">{{Cite journal |last=Law |first=Robin |year=1986 |title=Dahomey and the Slave Trade: Reflections on the Historiography of the Rise of Dahomey |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1986_27_2/page/237 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=237–267 |doi=10.1017/s0021853700036665 |s2cid=165754199}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1730, Dahomey ta ba da haraji na shekara-shekara ga daular Oyo kuma wasu daga cikin manufofin tattalin arziki da na soja sun kasance karkashin ikon Oyo. Koyaya, daular Oyo ta raunana sosai a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata kuma, tare da tashiwar jihadi na Islama zuwa arewa a cikin Khalifancin Sokoto, daular ba ta iya samun haraji daga Dahomey ba. A farkon shekarun 1820, Ghezo ya ki biyan harajin shekara-shekara ga Oyo. Oyo da Dahomey sun yi yaƙi da ƙaramin yaƙi a farkon shekarun 1820. Rikicin ya karu a shekara ta 1823 lokacin da Oyo ya aika da jakada don neman haraji kuma Ghezo ya kashe shi. Oyo ta mayar da martani ta hanyar shirya rundunar da ta kunshi [[Mutanen Mahi|Mahi]] da sauran dakarun yankin don kai hari Dahomey. Ghezo ya kayar da wadannan dakarun a wani yaki kusa da Paouinnan . Daga nan sai Oyo ya aika da babbar runduna wacce ta kasance 4,000, gami da sojan doki, kuma suka kafa sansani kusa da ƙauyen Kpaloko. Ghezo ya kayar da wannan rundunar ta hanyar shirya wani hari na dare wanda ya haifar da mutuwar shugaban Oyo, Ajanaku, kuma ya sa sojojin Oyo su koma baya.<ref name="Law-1977" /> Kodayake nasarorin da aka samu a kan Oyo suna da mahimmanci, wasu ayyukan soja a farkon shekarun mulkin Ghezo ba su da tasiri sosai. Ya sha wahala ga [[Mutanen Mahi]] a arewacin Dahomey kuma bai iya samun isasshen mutane don biyan bukatun bayi ba, wanda ya kai shi ga sayar da 'yan ƙasa na Dahomey, wani yanke shawara mara kyau.<ref name="Law-1997">{{Cite journal |last=Law |first=Robin |year=1997 |title=The Politics of Commercial Transition: Factional Conflict in Dahomey in the Context of the Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade |url=http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/280/1/politics-of-commercial-transition.pdf |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=213–233 |doi=10.1017/s0021853796006846 |s2cid=15681629 |hdl-access=free |access-date=2025-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921202013/http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/280/1/politics-of-commercial-transition.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da ci gaba da rage ikon Oyo a yankin, Ghezo ya sami damar fadada soja a kan Mahi da mutanen [[Harsuna Gbe|Gbe]] zuwa kudu maso yammacin Dahomey bayan tsakiyar shekarun 1820. Bayan nasarori a waɗannan yankuna, Ghezo ya mayar da hankali ga ikon soja a yankin da ke tsakanin daular Oyo da Dahomey kuma ya kasance makasudin manyan hare-haren bayi. Bayan wasu gagarumin nasarori a wannan yanki ta Dahomey, an kafa birnin [[Abeokuta]] a matsayin mafaka mai aminci ga mutane su kasance 'yanci daga mamayar bayi a wuri mai sauƙin karewa.<ref name="Bay" /><ref name="Yoder">{{Cite journal |last=Yoder |first=John C. |year=1974 |title=Fly and Elephant Parties: Political Polarization in Dahomey, 1840-1870 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1974_15_3/page/417 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=417–432 |doi=10.1017/s0021853700013566 |s2cid=162286376}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1840, Abeokuta ya zama babban iko a yankin kuma yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Abeokuta da Dahomey sun zama na yau da kullun. A cikin 1849-50, a karkashin jagorancin Gwamnan Burtaniya William Winniett, jami'in sojan ruwa na Burtaniya Frederick E. Forbes ya tafi tafi tafiye-tafiye biyu zuwa kotun Sarki Ghezo "a cikin ƙoƙari mara nasara don shawo kansa ya kawo karshen shiga cikin cinikin bayi". A shekara ta 1851, Ghezo ya shirya hari kai tsaye a birnin Abeokuta, amma bai yi nasara ba. Ghezo ya dakatar da manyan ayyukan soja lokacin da ya kawo karshen cinikin bayi (1852). Koyaya, a shekara ta 1858, wata ƙungiya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ta matsa wa Ghezo don sake fara manyan ayyukan soja tare da kai hari kan Abeokuta.<ref name="Law-1997"/> Yana yiwuwa cewa wannan sabuntawar yaƙi tsakanin jihohin biyu ya haifar da mutuwar Ghezo, tare da wasu asusun da ke nuna cewa Abeokuta ya biya don kisan Ghezo (wasu asusun ba su yarda ba). <ref name="Yoder"/> An yaba wa Ghezo tare da kafa Mino a matsayin ainihin rundunar yaƙi. Kodayake mace mai tsaron sarki ta wanzu ga sarakuna da yawa, ana cewa Ghezo sau da yawa a matsayin sarki wanda ya canza su zuwa rundunar yaƙi.<ref name="Alpern">{{Cite journal |last=Alpern |first=Stanley B. |year=1998 |title=On the Origins of the Amazons of Dahomey |journal=History in Africa |volume=25 |pages=9–25 |doi=10.2307/3172178 |jstor=3172178 |s2cid=162412301}}</ref> Masanin tarihi Edna Bay ya yi jayayya cewa wannan na iya zama sakamakon buƙatar samun goyon bayan mata masu tsaron fadar bayan sun yi tsayayya da juyin mulkin Ghezo a kan Adandozan. Ghezo ya yi wannan ta hanyar ɗaga matsayin masu tsaron mata, yana ba su kayan aiki, yana ba musu ƙarin makamai, da kuma sanya su wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin yaƙi. ==Rashin amincewar cikin gida == Rashin amincewar cikin gida ya kasance babbar matsala a tsawon mulkin Ghezo tare da runduna daban-daban da ke adawa da mulkinsa. Da farko dai bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Adandozan, Ghezo ya samu goyon baya daga wasu mutane daban-daban da suka taimaka wajen kawo shi kan karagar mulki. Ko da yake da farko ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin wanda zai iya mayar da ayyukan soja ga Dahomey, wanda ya ce Adandozan ya kasa yi, asarar farko a mulkinsa ga Mahi ya sa shi rashin farin ciki. Har ma an ruwaito cewa a cikin 1825, ya yi tayin mayar da Adandozan kan karagar mulki amma Adandozan ya ki, yana fatan za a yi boren jama'a ga Ghezo.<ref name=Law-1997 /> Don tabbatar da goyon bayan mutane daban-daban, Ghezo ya ba da dama daga cikinsu mukamai masu mahimmanci. Don samun goyon bayan sauran sarakuna, ya nada biyu daga cikin 'yan'uwansa a matsayin '' Migan '' da '' Mehu '' kuma ya canza su zuwa matsayin gado wanda za su iya ba da 'ya'yansu. son).<ref name=Law-1997 /> A matsayin alama na yajin aiki ga gadon Adandozan, Ghezo ya nada Agontime nasa ''[[Kpojito]] '' (ko sarauniya-uwa, matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin Masarautar Dahomey). Agontime ta kasance matar Agonglo, wani lokaci tana da'awar ita ce mahaifiyar Ghezo, wanda aka sayar da shi bauta a lokacin da Adandozan ya hau kan mulki saboda ta goyi bayan kishiya ga karagar mulki.<ref name=Bay /> In [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]], a jihar [[Maranhão]] , [[Maranhão]] , [Minas] da Minas [Minsa], da ta samu (da) da Cause of Minas. muhimmin haikali wanda ya samo asali [[Tambor de Mina]], [[addinin Afro-Amurka | Addinin Afro-Brazil]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar magabatan gidan sarauta (voduns). Lokacin da kawo karshen cinikin bayi ya zama batu mai mahimmanci a cikin 1840s da 1850s, an sami ƙungiyoyi biyu daban-daban waɗanda masanin tarihi John C. Yoder ya kira '' Giwa '' da '' Fly '' jam'iyyun.Jarida ta Tarihin Afirka bukatar kawo karshen cinikin bayi kuma manyan jami'ai da wakilan de Sousa sun goyi bayansu. Bangaren Fly, sabanin haka, ya goyi bayan kawo karshen cinikin bayi da kuma biyan bukatun Birtaniyya.<ref name=Yoder /> Kungiyar Fly ta kara karfi tare da shingen shingen jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya na 1852 kuma a karshe Ghezo ya amince da kawo karshen cinikin bayi; duk da haka, ƙungiyar giwaye da muradin dangin de Souza sun kasance masu mahimmanci har tsawon mulkinsa.<ref name=Yoder /> Tarihin Robin Law ya yi imanin cewa ƙwararrun ƙungiyoyin da Ghezo ya haɓaka a 1856 lokacin da ya rage cinikin bayi. A waccan shekarar, wani bangare na sake dawo da cinikin bayi, wanda ''Migan'' da ''Yovogan'' (gwamnan Whydah) ke jagoranta, wanda ya tura Ghezo zuwa ga ci gaba da cinikin bayi a 1857.<ref name=Law-1997 /> Ɗaya daga cikin ƙarin hanyar da Ghezo ya ci gaba da tallafa wa cikin gida ita ce ta hanyar tsawaita zagayowar bikin a cikin 1850 tare da ƙari ga [[Annual Customs of Dahomey | Annual Customs]] ciki har da bikin cinikin dabino, na bikin ƙarewa ga masarautar Oyo, da kuma wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga Ghezo da kansa (amma ga lokacin da ya kasance basarake). ==Cinikin Bayi== Lokacin da Sarki Ghezo ya hau karagar mulki a shekarar 1818, ya fuskanci manyan kalubale guda biyu nan take: Masarautar Dahomey tana cikin rikicin siyasa, kuma ba ta da kwanciyar tattalin arziki.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Adeyinka |first=Augustus A. |date=1974 |title=King Gezo of Dahomey, 1818-1858: A Reassessment of a West African Monarch in the Nineteenth Century |journal=African Studies Review |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=541–548|doi=10.2307/523800 |jstor=523800 |s2cid=144269135 }}</ref> Da fari, dole ne ya samu 'yancin kai ta fuskar siyasa ta hanyar kawar da ikon da daular Yarbawa ta Oyo ke da shi akan Dahomey tun daga shekarar 1748. Abu na biyu, yana bukatar farfado da tattalin arzikin Dahomey.<ref name=":0" /> Dukkanin wadannan manufofin guda biyu sun dogara ne akan kasuwancin bayi. Sarki Ghezo ya aiwatar da sabbin dabarun soja, wanda hakan ya basu damar fuskantar daular Oyo da karfi, wadda ita ma babbar abokiyar gasa ce a kasuwancin bayi.<ref name=":0" /> Haka kuma, ya kafa wasu ka’idoji dangane da yadda Dahomey ke shiga kasuwancin bayi. A karkashin mulkinsa, ba za a ci gaba da sayar da mutanen Dahomey ba, kamar yadda aka yi a zamanin dan uwansa Adandozan. Maimakon haka, Dahomey za ta mayar da hankali kan kama mutane daga yankunan abokan gaba da kuma sayar da su.<ref name=":0" /> A yayin da bukatar bayi ta karu a Brazil a shekarar 1830, Birtaniya ta fara yakin kawar da kasuwancin bayi a Afirka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Holly |title=How Britain is facing up to its hidden slavery history |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200205-how-britain-is-facing-up-to-its-secret-slavery-history |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta fara matsin lamba sosai ga Sarki Ghezo a cikin shekarun 1840s domin ya dakatar da kasuwancin bayi a Dahomey.<ref name=":0" /> Sarki Ghezo ya amsa wannan roko da cewa ba zai iya dakatar da kasuwancin bayi ba saboda matsin lamba daga cikin gida.<ref name="Law-1997" /> Ghezo ya kara da cewa: <blockquote>Kasuwancin bayi shi ne ginshikin rayuwar mutanena. Shi ne tushen da kuma alfaharin dukiyarsu... uwa na lullubar jaririnta da wakar nasara akan abokin gaba da aka mayar da shi bawa.<ref name="Martin">{{cite book |last1=Meredith |first1=Martin |title=The Fortunes of Africa |date=2014 |publisher=PublicAffairs |location=New York |isbn=9781610396356 |pages=193}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Story of Africa • Slavery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter2.shtml |access-date=24 September 2022 |work=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011223090507/https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter2.shtml |archive-date=23 December 2001 |language=en |quote=King Gezo said in the 1840s he would do anything the British wanted him to do apart from giving up slave trade: The slave trade is the ruling principle of my people. It is the source and the glory of their wealth…the mother lulls the child to sleep with notes of triumph over an enemy reduced to slavery…}}</ref></blockquote> Ya kuma bayyana wa Birtaniya cewa daukacin yankin ya dogara da kasuwancin bayi na [[Tekun Atalanta|tekun Atlantika]] wajen samun riba, don haka dakatar da shi cikin kwana daya zai kawo rugujewar masarautarsa tare da haddasa rudani.<ref name=":0" /> Sarki William Dappa Pepple na Bonny da Kosoko su ma sun dauki irin wannan matsayi game da rokon Birtaniya.<ref name=":0" /> Madadin haka, Sarki Ghezo ya ba da shawarar fadada kasuwancin man kwakwa,<ref name="Law-1997" /> wanda, a cewar tarihici Augustus Adeyinka, hakan zai kai ga dakatar da kasuwancin bayi a hankali.<ref name=":0" /> Sai dai, samar da man kwakwa a Dahomey na dogara ne da bayi na cikin gida. Gocewar goyon bayan gida na Sarki Ghezo ya sauya, musamman bayan raguwar karfin Francisco Felix de Sousa da kuma mutuwarsa a shekarar 1849. Daga shekarar 1850, Sarki Ghezo ya kusa shiga yaki da Egbas na Abeokuta, sabon babban birnin Yarbawa da ya taso bayan rushewar Daular Oyo. Egbas, wadanda ba su shiga cinikin bayi ba, sun mayar da hankali wajen zama cibiyar kasuwancin man kwakwa ta yankin; matsayin da Sarki Ghezo ke bukata domin karkatar da Masarautar Dahomey daga cinikin bayi. Egbas sun samu rinjaye ta hanyar karbar Turawa, ciki har da mishanoni da ‘yan kasuwa, a Abeokuta. Wannan dabarar ta ba su damar samun sabbin bindigogi da makamai da Amazons na Dahomey ba su da su a lokacin. Cike da kishi da tsoron tasirin da Turawan Ingila ke dashi ga Egba, da kuma yadda suke karbar kayan alatu daga Birtaniya, Sarki Ghezo ya yanke shawarar daukar mataki. A wannan shekarar, ya shaida wa Konsul Beecroft da Kwamanda Forbes cewa yana shirin kai hari a Abeokuta, kuma idan Birtaniya ba ta taimaka wajen kawo karshen kasuwancin man kwakwa a Abeokuta ta hanyar kwashe babban birnin ba, Dahomey za ta dauki Birtaniya a matsayin abokiyar gaba. Matsalar wannan bukata kuwa ita ce Abeokuta da Badagry sun zama cibiyoyin mishanonin Birtaniya, wadanda ke kokarin "wayar da kan" mutanen Yarbawa. Saboda haka, Birtaniya ta mara wa Egba baya, lamarin da ya raunana ikon Sarki Ghezo da Masarautar Dahomey wajen cin moriyar kasuwancin man kwakwa kuma ya bar su ba da wata hanya ba don dakatar da cinikin bayi face rusa masarautar gaba daya. Saboda rashin yawan soja da makamai, Sarki Ghezo ya hada kai da Sarki Kosoko, Oba na Legas. Sun tsara yadda Dahomey za ta kai hari a Abeokuta yayin da Legas za ta kai hari a Badagry lokaci guda. A watan Maris na shekarar 1851, aka aiwatar da wannan hari, sai dai Egba tare da goyon bayan Birtaniya suka yi nasara. Wannan hari ya zama sananne da suna Yakin Abeokuta. Bayan shan kaye da Dahomey ta yi a hannun Abeokuta, da kuma kakabawa da Birtaniya ta yi da takunkumin rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Dahomey, Sarki Ghezo ya nemi gwamnatin Birtaniya tare da tayin kawo karshen cinikin bayi nan take idan Birtaniya za ta biya diyyar kudin da Dahomey ta rasa daga cinikin bayi, kamar yadda Birtaniya ta yi wa masu bayi a turakun Caribbean lokacin da suka saki bayi. Bayan da suka ki amincewa da tayinsa, Sarki Ghezo ya ci gaba da cinikin bayi, domin kasuwancin man kwakwa bai sake samun riba ba. A watan Janairu na shekarar 1852, matsin lamba daga Birtaniya ya tilasta wa Ghezo sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya (tare da ‘yan majalisar ''Migan'' da ''Mehu'') da Birtaniya. Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi cewa Ghezo zai kawo karshen cinikin bayi daga Dahomey. Birtaniya ta yi imanin cewa Ghezo bai aiwatar da wannan yarjejeniya ba, ko da yake shi yana ganin ya cika ta ta hanyar dakatar da cinikin bayi daga tashoshin Dahomey kodayake ya ci gaba da barin bayi su fita daga wasu tashoshi a fadin kasar. Raguwar cinikin bayi ta kawo wasu sauye-sauye a shekarun karshe na mulkin Ghezo. Ya rage yawan yaki da kamun bayi a masarautar sosai, kuma a shekarar 1853 ya shaida wa Birtaniya cewa ya rage yawan hadayar mutane a lokacin bikin shekara-shekara na Dahomey (mai yiyuwa ya daina yanka fursunonin yaki gaba daya, sai dai wadanda aka same su da laifi ne kadai). Sai dai a cikin shekarar 1857 da 1858, Ghezo ya canza ra’ayi gaba daya inda ya nuna husuma ga Birtaniya; ya farfado da cinikin bayi ta tashar Whydah, sannan a 1858, Dahomey ta sake kai hari a Abeokuta. Wannan shawarar kai hari da farko Sarki Ghezo ya hana ta, amma matsin lamba daga cikin gida ya sa aka aiwatar da harin. == Mutuwa da gado == Cikakken bayanin mutuwar Ghezo ya bambanta dangane da tushen tarihi. An yi iƙirarin cewa akwai wani annabci da aka yi a farkon shekarun 1850 cewa idan Ghezo ya kai hari birnin Ekpo da ke ƙarƙashin Abeokuta, zai mutu sakamakon haka. Wannan na iya bayyana irin tsayin daka da ya yi a yakin da aka yi musu a shekara ta 1858[6]. Ko da kuwa, ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1859. An ba da shawarar dalilai daban-daban na mutuwa, ciki har da guba da limaman Dahomey suka yi bacin rai a ƙarshen sadaukarwar ɗan adam, ƙumburi, ko mutuwa a yaƙi. Sai dai mai yiyuwa ne wani maharbi da makiyansa suka hayar daga Abeokuta ya kashe shi. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, magajinsa Glele ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar da ke son dawo da cinikin bayi. Glele shi ne magaji na hukuma, amma ba shi ne ɗan fari ba; an ƙalubalanci shi a ƙoƙarinsa na yin mulki amma ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun goyi bayansa[1]. Yawancin gyare-gyaren da Ghezo ya yi, Glele ya raunana shi, wanda ya fara cinikin bayi, yaƙe-yaƙe, da sadaukarwar ɗan adam zuwa wani lokaci. == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == An nuna Ghezo a cikin littafin labari na Flash don 'Yanci! George MacDonald Fraser, da kuma a cikin littafin Frank Yerby na 1971, The Dahomean. An kuma ambace shi a cikin littafin tarihin Segu na Maryse Condé, wanda ya lura da annabcin cewa zai mutu da ƙananan yara. An ambaci Sarki Gezo a cikin littafin Anni Domingo na 2021 Breaking the Maafa Chain, wanda Sojojin ruwa na Masarautar suka ceci wani matashin bawa daga sadaukarwa a masarautarsa. A cikin fim ɗin Band of Angels na 1957, tsohon ɗan kasuwa Hamish Bond (Clark Gable) ya ba da labaru game da cin zarafin Ghezo, yana nufin tushen cinikin bayi a Dahomey. A yau, wani babban sansanin sojojin kasar Benin da ke [[Cotonou]] yana sunan 'Camp Ghezo' bayan tsohon sarki. Jarumi John Boyega ya nuna wani almara na Ghezo a cikin 2022 na tarihin tarihin Amurka The Woman King.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-boyega-cast-viola-davis-the-woman-king-1235017535/|title=John Boyega Joins Viola Davis in Historical Drama ''The Woman King'' (Exclusive)|date=September 21, 2021|first=Borys|last=Kit|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921223135/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-boyega-cast-viola-davis-the-woman-king-1235017535/|archive-date=September 21, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/sony-dates-tristar-viola-davis-pic-the-woman-king-moves-affirms-george-foreman-biopic-to-2023-1234869067/|title=Sony Dates TriStar Viola Davis Pic ''The Woman King''; Moves Affirm's George Foreman Biopic To 2023|date=November 5, 2021|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 5, 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109203410/https://deadline.com/2021/11/sony-dates-tristar-viola-davis-pic-the-woman-king-moves-affirms-george-foreman-biopic-to-2023-1234869067/|archive-date=November 9, 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴan Afirka da suka mallaki bayi]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qtnuqwc8xit7zzhaenobyc2lqvz93go 0 103314 970402 648748 2026-10-22T15:49:15Z Salma Raddah 45959 970402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yakin Ngaundere''' ko '''Yaƙin Ngaoundéré''' wani ɗan ƙaramin alkawari ne da aka yi tsakanin sojojin Jamus da [[Birtaniya|na Biritaniya]] a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1915 a lokacin [[Kamfen ɗin Kamerun|yaƙin Kamerun]] na [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]]. Hakan ya haifar da fatattakar Jamus da mamaye garin da Birtaniyya ta yi. == Fage == Bayan nasarar Allied da mika wuya Jamusawa a yakin Garua na biyu, kwamandan sojojin Faransa da na Birtaniya a yankin, Janar Cunliffe, ya kasance da kwarin gwiwa na turawa cikin yankin Kamerun na Jamus. Ya tura wata tawagarsa a karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Kanar Webb-Bowen mai tazarar kilomita 150 kudu maso gabas zuwa garin Ngaundere da ke kan hanyar da ta tashi daga arewacin turawan zuwa tsakiyar yankin tsakiyar kasar inda sabon babban birnin Jamus da tarin dakarun soji yake. == Yaƙi == Karamin rukunin gaba karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Fowle ya isa Ngaundere a ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 1915 bayan da suka yi tattaki cikin wata mummunar guguwa da ta haifar da guguwa. Lokacin da babban rundunan ya iso, har yanzu guguwar ta dade a cikin garin. Sakamakon haka, sojojin Birtaniya sun iya ba da mamaki ga sojojin da ke da yawa daga cikin sansanin Jamus tare da kama su kafin wani fada ya faru. A wasu sansanonin, duk da haka, an yi fafatawa wanda ya yi sanadin jikkatar wasu 'yan ta'addan na [[Burtaniya]]. Bayan da aka fatattaki sojojin Jamus daga Ngaundere, sai suka kaddamar da farmakin da turawan Ingila suka fatattaki. == Bayan haka == Korar da sojojin Jamus suka yi daga maboyarsu a Ngaundere na nufin ba za a samu gagarumin turjiya a arewacin Kamerun ba. Ya ba ginshiƙan Janar Cunliffe damar samun 'yanci don matsawa kudu zuwa tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin. Birtaniya sun bi sojojin Jamus wadanda suka taba mamaye Ngaundere wanda ya janye zuwa Tangere. Birtaniya ta dauki wannan matsayi ba tare da fada ba a ranar 12 ga Yuli kuma ta fatattaki yunkurin Jamus na sake kwace shi a ranar 23 ga Yuli. Dakarun Jamus sun sake janyewa zuwa Tibati . Duk da haka, saboda ruwan sama mai yawa da sauran ƙaƙƙarfan Jamus a [[Mora, Kamaru|Mora]], Cunliffe ba zai ci gaba da tafiya kudu ba har zuwa Oktoba. Rundunarsa ta isa ne a ranar 23 ga Agusta don taimakawa a cikin Siege na Mora wanda zai kasance har zuwa karshen yakin. == Bayanan kula == == Magana == * Bryce, James B., Holland Thomson, da William MF Petrie. Littafin Tarihi: Dalilan Yaki. Abubuwan da suka faru na 1914-1915. Vol. 16. Np: Grolier Society, 1920. Littattafan Google. 30 ga Oktoba, 2007. Yanar Gizo. 28 ga Disamba, 2012. * Dan, Edmund. Yakin Birtaniya a Afirka da Pacific, 1914-1918,. London: Hodder da Stoughton, 1919. Littattafan Google. 12 ga Yuni 2008. Yanar Gizo. 2 Janairu 2013. < https://books.google.com/books?id=h05nAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false >. * Hilditch, AN Battle Sketches, 1914-1915. Oxford University Press, 1915. * Wood, Leonard, Austin M. Knight, Frederick Palmer, [[Frank H. Simonds]], da Arthur B. Ruhl. Labarin Babban Yaƙin: Tare da Cikakkun Bayanan Tarihi na Abubuwan da suka faru har zuwa yau. Ed. Francis J. Reynolds, Allen L. Churchill, da Francis T. Miller. Vol. 6. Np: PF Collier & Sons, 1916. Littattafan Google. Yanar Gizo. 28 ga Disamba, 2012. dx75jlfl74jqfw0bfdubfuewigxszmw 970403 970402 2026-10-22T15:49:42Z Salma Raddah 45959 970403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yakin Ngaundere''' ko '''Yaƙin Ngaoundéré''' wani ɗan ƙaramin alkawari ne da aka yi tsakanin sojojin Jamus da [[Birtaniya|na Biritaniya]] a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1915 a lokacin [[Kamfen ɗin Kamerun|yaƙin Kamerun]] na [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya]]. Hakan ya haifar da fatattakar Jamus da mamaye garin da Birtaniyya ta yi. == Fage == Bayan nasarar Allied da mika wuya Jamusawa a yakin Garua na biyu, kwamandan sojojin Faransa da na Birtaniya a yankin, Janar Cunliffe, ya kasance da kwarin gwiwa na turawa cikin yankin Kamerun na Jamus. Ya tura wata tawagarsa a karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Kanar Webb-Bowen mai tazarar kilomita 150 kudu maso gabas zuwa garin Ngaundere da ke kan hanyar da ta tashi daga arewacin turawan zuwa tsakiyar yankin tsakiyar kasar inda sabon babban birnin Jamus da tarin dakarun soji yake. == Yaƙi == Karamin rukunin gaba karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Fowle ya isa Ngaundere a ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 1915 bayan da suka yi tattaki cikin wata mummunar guguwa da ta haifar da guguwa. Lokacin da babban rundunan ya iso, har yanzu guguwar ta dade a cikin garin. Sakamakon haka, sojojin Birtaniya sun iya ba da mamaki ga sojojin da ke da yawa daga cikin sansanin Jamus tare da kama su kafin wani fada ya faru. A wasu sansanonin, duk da haka, an yi fafatawa wanda ya yi sanadin jikkatar wasu 'yan ta'addan na [[Burtaniya]]. Bayan da aka fatattaki sojojin Jamus daga Ngaundere, sai suka kaddamar da farmakin da turawan Ingila suka fatattaki. == Bayan haka == Korar da sojojin Jamus suka yi daga maboyarsu a Ngaundere na nufin ba za a samu gagarumin turjiya a arewacin Kamerun ba. Ya ba ginshiƙan Janar Cunliffe damar samun 'yanci don matsawa kudu zuwa tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin. Birtaniya sun bi sojojin Jamus wadanda suka taba mamaye Ngaundere wanda ya janye zuwa Tangere. Birtaniya ta dauki wannan matsayi ba tare da fada ba a ranar 12 ga Yuli kuma ta fatattaki yunkurin Jamus na sake kwace shi a ranar 23 ga Yuli. Dakarun Jamus sun sake janyewa zuwa Tibati . Duk da haka, saboda ruwan sama mai yawa da sauran ƙaƙƙarfan Jamus a [[Mora, Kamaru|Mora]], Cunliffe ba zai ci gaba da tafiya kudu ba har zuwa Oktoba. Rundunarsa ta isa ne a ranar 23 ga Agusta don taimakawa a cikin Siege na Mora wanda zai kasance har zuwa karshen yakin. == Bayanan kula == == Magana == * Bryce, James B., Holland Thomson, da William MF Petrie. Littafin Tarihi: Dalilan Yaki. Abubuwan da suka faru na 1914-1915. Vol. 16. Np: Grolier Society, 1920. Littattafan Google. 30 ga Oktoba, 2007. Yanar Gizo. 28 ga Disamba, 2012. * Dan, Edmund. Yakin Birtaniya a Afirka da Pacific, 1914-1918,. London: Hodder da Stoughton, 1919. Littattafan Google. 12 ga Yuni 2008. Yanar Gizo. 2 Janairu 2013. < https://books.google.com/books?id=h05nAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false >. * Hilditch, AN Battle Sketches, 1914-1915. Oxford University Press, 1915. * Wood, Leonard, Austin M. Knight, Frederick Palmer, Frank H. Simonds, da Arthur B. Ruhl. Labarin Babban Yaƙin: Tare da Cikakkun Bayanan Tarihi na Abubuwan da suka faru har zuwa yau. Ed. Francis J. Reynolds, Allen L. Churchill, da Francis T. Miller. Vol. 6. Np: PF Collier & Sons, 1916. Littattafan Google. Yanar Gizo. 28 ga Disamba, 2012. 6wtf2boapjso456n97is3vadck62t9q 0 103505 970398 785130 2026-10-22T15:43:39Z Salma Raddah 45959 970398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abdel Hani Kenzi''' (an haife shi 27 ga watan Satumba shekarar alif 1973) ɗan dambe ne daga Aljeriya.<ref>Abdel Hani Kenzi". Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2010</ref> ==Sana'a== Kenzi ya halarci gasar [[Olympics]] ta bazara a shekara ta 2004 don kasar sa ta Arewacin Afirka. A can, an tsayar da shi a zagaye na biyu na rabon nauyi mai nauyi (81 kg) ta Utkirbek Haydarov wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla ta Uzbekistan. Ya taba yin takara a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. Kenzi ya samu gurbin shiga gasar Athens ta hanyar lashe lambar zinare a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta Afirka ta 1st AIBA 2004 a Casablanca, Morocco. A wasan karshe na gasar, ya doke dan wasan kasar Cape Verdia Flavio Furtado. Kenzi ya lashe lambar tagulla a wannan rukuni shekara daya da ta gabata, a gasar wasannin kasashen Afrika da aka yi a Abuja, Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] nhygumzv4cwy5svxk6g6na38etvfxde 0 107682 970400 793179 2026-10-22T15:45:32Z Salma Raddah 45959 970400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jami'ar Albarkatun Dan Adam (wanda aka fi sani da Jami'ar HR ko HRU) wani dandamali ne na koyo da haɓakawa wanda aka ƙirƙira a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'aikata na Amurka wanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen tushen ƙasa don haɓakawa da isar da horar da albarkatun ɗan adam don haɓaka ƙarfin ma'aikatan Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHCO Council Receives Training Officers Consortium Award for its Work on HR University |url=https://www.opm.gov/news/releases/2012/07/chco-council-receives-training-officers-consortium-award-for-its-work-on-hr-university/ |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=U.S. Office of Personnel Management |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807171631/https://www.opm.gov/news/releases/2012/07/chco-council-receives-training-officers-consortium-award-for-its-work-on-hr-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> HRU ta ba da sabis ga ma'aikatan kwangila na ma'aikatan jama'a na Tarayya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa HRU tana da dalibai sama da 50,000 da suka yi rajista daga ko'ina cikin gwamnatin Tarayya. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014 HRU ta sami karbuwa don adana gwamnatin [[Taraiyar Najeriya|Tarayya]] sama da dala miliyan 100 a cikin ajiyar kuɗi a cikin farashin horo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/multimedia/2013/05/130510_senegal_fishing</ref> Manufar HRU ita ce bayar da yanayin ilmantarwa don bunkasa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikatan ɗan adam a duk faɗin Gwamnatin Tarayyar Amurka. HRU ita ce kungiyar horar da farko ga Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata na Tarayya, kuma ta ba da horo na al'ada da na al'adu ga ɗalibai a cikin aji da kuma aiki. HRU ta ba da aji na yau da kullun da horo na kan layi kuma tana da kusan ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ma'aikata ta hanyar ci gaba da ilmantarwa da raba ilimi a kan Shafin yanar gizo HRU. Hanyoyin horar da HRU sun yi aiki don inganta aikin wurin aiki da inganta tasirin manufa don samar da tushe ga makomar ma'aikatan Tarayyar Jama'a. * Horar da jagoranci * Abubuwan raba ilimi na kan layi * Ci gaba da horo na ilmantarwa * Haɗin gwiwar dabarun tare da jami'o'i == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Seal_of_the_United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management.svg|right|thumb|260x260px|Jami'ar Human Resource tana karkashin kulawar Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'aikata kuma tana da alaƙa da Majalisar Babban Jami'an Jama'a (CHCO).]] An kirkiro HRU ne sakamakon muhimmiyar bukata, wanda Babban Jami'an Babban Birnin Dan Adam (CHCO) suka gano a cikin manyan karatu a cikin shekara ta 2009. Wannan kungiya ta gwamnati tana so ta samar da hanyar sana'a da daidaito na abubuwan horo da dama ga Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata na Tarayya. A cikin 2011 Majalisar CHCO, OPM, ce ta kafa HRU, kuma tare da taimakon Shugabancin Kwadago na Kwadago a duk fadin Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fedmanager.com article on the founding |url=http://www.fedmanager.com/news/9-e-report/featured/general-news/497-opm-and-chief-human-capital-officers-council-launch-hr-university-website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223141430/http://www.fedmanager.com/news/9-e-report/featured/general-news/497-opm-and-chief-human-capital-officers-council-launch-hr-university-website |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2015-12-23}}</ref> HRU ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Provost wanda ke ba da rahoto ga Darakta na Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'aikata. Mai kafa Provost, wanda kuma ya kasance co-haliccin HRU, shine [http://www.linkedin.com/in/kathrynmedinahrexec Kathryn Medina] kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin daga 2011 zuwa 2012, tana kula da nasarar ƙaddamar da HRU. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko, HRU tana da babban tasiri ga ma'aikatan HR na gwamnati, suna samun girmamawa da karbuwa ga sabon dandalin da ya hada horar da HR na gwamnati tare don rage raguwa da sharar gida.[https://breakinggov.com/2012/08/16/rah-rah-hru-online-university-gains-stature-with-hr-profession/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228024635/https://breakinggov.com/2012/08/16/rah-rah-hru-online-university-gains-stature-with-hr-profession/ |date=2024-12-28 }} === Ranar yanzu === Tun daga ranar Juma'a, Satumba 14, 2018, Jami'ar HR (HRU.gov) ba gidan yanar gizo ba ce.  Har yanzu masu amfani za su iya samun damar samun albarkatu ta OPM.gov da Telework.gov.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPM Federal Training and Development Wiki - Training and Development Policy Wiki |url=https://www.opm.gov/wiki/training/Index.aspx |access-date=2025-07-25 |archive-date=2025-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625080548/https://www.opm.gov/wiki/training/index.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jagora == HRU tana da masu jagorantar ta biyu a cikin tarihin HRU: <ref>{{Cite web |title=HRU Current Leadership |url=https://www.opm.gov/about-us/our-people-organization/senior-staff-bios/sydney-smith-heimbrock/print-bio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223080443/https://www.opm.gov/about-us/our-people-organization/senior-staff-bios/sydney-smith-heimbrock/print-bio.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2015-12-22}}</ref> * [[Kathryn Medina]] (2011-2012) * Dokta Sydney Smith-Heimbrock (2012-Yanzu) == Bayani na baya == HRU tana cikin hedkwatar Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'aikata na Amurka a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. HRU tana hidimtawa mambobin Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata na Tarayya waɗanda ke kewaye da ƙasar da duniya. HRU tana da alhakin horo da ci gaban aiki na sama da dalibai 50,000 da aka yi rajista, kuma tana da kasancewar kama-da-wane a kan layi. == Abubuwan da aka samo asali == [[Fayil:Office_of_Personnel_Management_in_Washington,_D.C._2012.JPG|right|thumb|260x260px|Jami'ar Human Resources tana cikin hedikwatar OPM a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]].]] === Samun cancanta === Dole ne mai nema ya kasance yana da alaƙa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Amurka don ya cancanci shiga cikin darussan horo da HRU ke bayarwa.  Ma'aikatan tarayya da ma'aikatan kwangila da ke tallafawa gwamnati tare da bukatun Human Resource sun cancanci yin rajista da daukar kwasa-kwasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HRU Registration Information |url=https://hru.gov/register.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125140030/https://hru.gov/register.aspx |archive-date=2015-11-25 |access-date=2015-12-22}}</ref> === Rubuce-rubuce === === Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin HRU === Ana ba da damar yin amfani da ɗaliban HRU da suka shiga Cibiyar Harkokin HRU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Resource Center |url=https://hru.gov/Studio_Library/Studio_Library.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135633/https://hru.gov/Studio_Library/Studio_Library.aspx |archive-date=2015-11-25 |access-date=2015-12-22}}</ref> Cibiyar Harkokin HRU ita ce ta farko da kuma rarraba tsarin samar da kafofin watsa labarai a kan buƙata da Shugabannin Harkokin Dan Adam na Tarayya, masu aiki da samfurin, da ma'aikatan HRU da ma'aikata a cikin tsari da yawa, waɗanda aka tsara don samar da membobin Harkokin Dan Dan Adam na tarayya da albarkatun horo masu mahimmanci. === Katalogin Darussan === HRU Interactive Course Catalog yana ba da bayanai na yau da kullun game da azuzuwan jami'a da kadarorin koyon kan layi, jagororin haɓakawa daban-daban, da madadin hanyoyin biyan buƙatun horo ta hanyar shirye-shirye daban-daban ko haɗin gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About HRU's Course Catalog |url=http://hru.gov/Course_Catalog.aspx?mgr=false |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124073244/http://hru.gov/Course_Catalog.aspx?mgr=false |archive-date=2015-11-24 |access-date=2015-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Added FCW.com article on the courses |url=https://fcw.com/Articles/2011/02/08/OPM-unveils-new-HR-University-website.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091411/https://fcw.com/Articles/2011/02/08/OPM-unveils-new-HR-University-website.aspx |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2015-12-23}}</ref> === Shirin Ci Gaban Mutum === Shirin ci gaban mutum yana taimaka wa ɗalibin da taimaka musu su tsara ci gaban aikinsu a cikin dabarun dabarun. HRU za ta samar da samfurin da za a iya keɓancewa wanda ɗalibin zai iya amfani dashi don gina kan ƙwarewar fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the IDP |url=https://hru.gov/IDP/my_profile_idp.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404231634/https://hru.gov/IDP/my_profile_idp.aspx |archive-date=2016-04-04 |access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref> === Abubuwan da ke tattare da Manajoji === HRU tana ba da darussan, bidiyo na horo, kayan aiki, samfuran da sauran albarkatu don taimakawa manajoji, daraktoci, masu sa ido, da masu gudanarwa. == Haɗin gwiwar dabarun == HRU ta kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Jami'ar Amurka, Jami'ar George Mason, Kwalejin Jami'ar Maryland, da Jami'an Katolika na Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HRU Strategic Partnerships |url=http://hru.gov/Training/Accredited_Courses.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223155623/http://hru.gov/Training/Accredited_Courses.aspx |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2015-12-22}}</ref> == Dubi kuma ==   * Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Amurka * Ofishin Gudanar da Ma'aikata * Jerin kwalejoji da jami'o'i a Washington, DC == Manazarta. == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na HRU An adana shi 2015-12-23 a * [https://www.opm.gov Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na OPM] * [https://www.facebook.com/HRUniversity/?ref=br_rs/ HRU a Facebook] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nqzhnnvnsaa07yhz7s4h70wul64krlo 0 114444 970386 970310 2026-10-22T15:20:24Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361382271|Rotimi Salami]]" 970386 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rotimi Salami''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Nollywood]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai wanda aka girmama shi ta hanyar [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (AMVCA). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Shi ɗan asalin [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] ne kuma ya kammala karatun zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jihar Legos . Har ila yau, yana da takardar shaidar difloma daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . == Ayyuka == Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2007 inda ya fito a fim dinsa na farko, Unknown Revenge, kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Fim dinsa na farko a matsayin darektan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne da ake kira Kuti's career Palace . [1] == Rayuwa ta mutum == He got married in 2015 to Jumoke Salami and they have two children. == Hotunan fina-finai == Ya fito a cikin jerin daban-daban kamar [[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]], Superstory, Silent Night, About to Wed, Dear Mother, Kuti's Career Palace, Emerald, Alan Poza, Bella's Place, Leave My Boyfriend, 11th Hour, Papa Ajasco da Crack in the Wall; da kuma fina-finai daban-daban: * [[Omoye]] (2017) a matsayin Femi * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Akinola * [[Just Not Married|Ba a Yi Aure Ba]] (2016) a matsayin Lati * Mirage (2019) * Saki Ba a Ba da izini ba (2018) a matsayin Joe * [[Fate of Alakada|Makomar Alakada]] (2020) a matsayin Lucky Accessbet * Magadan da ya ɓace (2018) * Jaridar wata Mace 'yar Najeriya mai banƙyama (2017) a matsayin Chibuzor * Fiye da Wasiƙu Hudu (2020) * Rashin Lokaci (2017) * Sarauniyar Afirka (2018) * Ba a Rarraba ba (2018) * [[Lugard (fim)|Lugard]] (2021) a matsayin Usman * Zuciya mai guguwa (2017) * [[The Miracle Centre|''Cibiyar Mu'ujiza'']] (2021) * Rashin Ruwa (2017) * A hankali (2017) a matsayin Udi * Rashin amincewa (2016) * Maƙiya a Cikin (1994) * Dare Kafin (2015) * Hey You (2022) a matsayin Lanre * Oko Rere (2023) a matsayin Alex * Rush (2023) a matsayin Banji * Open Marriage (2024) a matsayin Adeyanju * Hanyar Hanyar (2024) a matsayin Gbenga's Squad * Soja da ba a sani ba (2024) a matsayin Galala == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] esvl6oxzgsvklnpa6nf76qrx2obbyva 970387 970386 2026-10-22T15:21:07Z Salma Raddah 45959 970387 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Rotimi Salami''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Nollywood]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai wanda aka girmama shi ta hanyar [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (AMVCA). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Shi ɗan asalin [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] ne kuma ya kammala karatun zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jihar Legos . Har ila yau, yana da takardar shaidar difloma daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . == Ayyuka == Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2007 inda ya fito a fim dinsa na farko, Unknown Revenge, kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Fim dinsa na farko a matsayin darektan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne da ake kira Kuti's career Palace . [1] == Rayuwa ta mutum == He got married in 2015 to Jumoke Salami and they have two children. == Hotunan fina-finai == Ya fito a cikin jerin daban-daban kamar [[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]], Superstory, Silent Night, About to Wed, Dear Mother, Kuti's Career Palace, Emerald, Alan Poza, Bella's Place, Leave My Boyfriend, 11th Hour, Papa Ajasco da Crack in the Wall; da kuma fina-finai daban-daban: * [[Omoye]] (2017) a matsayin Femi * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Akinola * [[Just Not Married|Ba a Yi Aure Ba]] (2016) a matsayin Lati * Mirage (2019) * Saki Ba a Ba da izini ba (2018) a matsayin Joe * [[Fate of Alakada|Makomar Alakada]] (2020) a matsayin Lucky Accessbet * Magadan da ya ɓace (2018) * Jaridar wata Mace 'yar Najeriya mai banƙyama (2017) a matsayin Chibuzor * Fiye da Wasiƙu Hudu (2020) * Rashin Lokaci (2017) * Sarauniyar Afirka (2018) * Ba a Rarraba ba (2018) * [[Lugard (fim)|Lugard]] (2021) a matsayin Usman * Zuciya mai guguwa (2017) * [[The Miracle Centre|''Cibiyar Mu'ujiza'']] (2021) * Rashin Ruwa (2017) * A hankali (2017) a matsayin Udi * Rashin amincewa (2016) * Maƙiya a Cikin (1994) * Dare Kafin (2015) * Hey You (2022) a matsayin Lanre * Oko Rere (2023) a matsayin Alex * Rush (2023) a matsayin Banji * Open Marriage (2024) a matsayin Adeyanju * Hanyar Hanyar (2024) a matsayin Gbenga's Squad * Soja da ba a sani ba (2024) a matsayin Galala == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 21cmjfiuwur3ri6reks94hrij0lceqf 970389 970387 2026-10-22T15:24:35Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361382271|Rotimi Salami]]" 970389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rotimi Salami''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Nollywood]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai wanda aka girmama shi ta hanyar [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (AMVCA). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Shi ɗan asalin [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] ne kuma ya kammala karatun zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jihar Legos . Har ila yau, yana da takardar shaidar difloma daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . == Ayyuka == Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2007 inda ya fito a fim dinsa na farko, Unknown Revenge, kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Fim dinsa na farko a matsayin darektan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne da ake kira Kuti's career Palace . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ya yi aure a 2015 ga Jumoke Salami kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan fina-finai == Ya fito a cikin jerin daban-daban kamar [[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]], Superstory, Silent Night, About to Wed, Dear Mother, Kuti's Career Palace, Emerald, Alan Poza, Bella's Place, Leave My Boyfriend, 11th Hour, Papa Ajasco da Crack in the Wall; da kuma fina-finai daban-daban: * [[Omoye]] (2017) a matsayin Femi * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Akinola * [[Just Not Married|Ba a Yi Aure Ba]] (2016) a matsayin Lati * Mirage (2019) * Saki Ba a Ba da izini ba (2018) a matsayin Joe * [[Fate of Alakada|Makomar Alakada]] (2020) a matsayin Lucky Accessbet * Magadan da ya ɓace (2018) * Jaridar wata Mace 'yar Najeriya mai banƙyama (2017) a matsayin Chibuzor * Fiye da Wasiƙu Hudu (2020) * Rashin Lokaci (2017) * Sarauniyar Afirka (2018) * Ba a Rarraba ba (2018) * [[Lugard (fim)|Lugard]] (2021) a matsayin Usman * Zuciya mai guguwa (2017) * [[The Miracle Centre|''Cibiyar Mu'ujiza'']] (2021) * Rashin Ruwa (2017) * A hankali (2017) a matsayin Udi * Rashin amincewa (2016) * Maƙiya a Cikin (1994) * Dare Kafin (2015) * Hey You (2022) a matsayin Lanre * Oko Rere (2023) a matsayin Alex * Rush (2023) a matsayin Banji * Open Marriage (2024) a matsayin Adeyanju * Hanyar Hanyar (2024) a matsayin Gbenga's Squad * Soja da ba a sani ba (2024) a matsayin Galala == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3rjtespze631uqr19k2l2nrm800te6f 970481 970389 2026-10-22T21:21:54Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361382271|Rotimi Salami]]" 970481 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rotimi Salami''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Nollywood]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai wanda aka girmama shi ta hanyar [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (AMVCA). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Shi ɗan asalin [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] ne kuma ya kammala karatun zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jihar Legos . Har ila yau, yana da takardar shaidar difloma daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . == Ayyuka == Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2007 inda ya fito a fim dinsa na farko, Unknown Revenge, kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Fim dinsa na farko a matsayin darektan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne da ake kira Kuti's career Palace . == Rayuwa ta mutum == He got married in 2015 to Jumoke Salami and they have two children. == Hotunan fina-finai == Ya fito a cikin jerin daban-daban kamar [[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]], Superstory, Silent Night, About to Wed, Dear Mother, Kuti's Career Palace, Emerald, Alan Poza, Bella's Place, Leave My Boyfriend, 11th Hour, Papa Ajasco da Crack in the Wall; da kuma fina-finai daban-daban: * [[Omoye]] (2017) a matsayin Femi * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Akinola * [[Just Not Married|Ba a Yi Aure Ba]] (2016) a matsayin Lati * Mirage (2019) * Saki Ba a Ba da izini ba (2018) a matsayin Joe * [[Fate of Alakada|Makomar Alakada]] (2020) a matsayin Lucky Accessbet * Magadan da ya ɓace (2018) * Jaridar wata Mace 'yar Najeriya mai banƙyama (2017) a matsayin Chibuzor * Fiye da Wasiƙu Hudu (2020) * Rashin Lokaci (2017) * Sarauniyar Afirka (2018) * Ba a Rarraba ba (2018) * [[Lugard (fim)|Lugard]] (2021) a matsayin Usman * Zuciya mai guguwa (2017) * [[The Miracle Centre|''Cibiyar Mu'ujiza'']] (2021) * Rashin Ruwa (2017) * A hankali (2017) a matsayin Udi * Rashin amincewa (2016) * Maƙiya a Cikin (1994) * Dare Kafin (2015) * Hey You (2022) a matsayin Lanre * Oko Rere (2023) a matsayin Alex * Rush (2023) a matsayin Banji * Open Marriage (2024) a matsayin Adeyanju * Hanyar Hanyar (2024) a matsayin Gbenga's Squad * Soja da ba a sani ba (2024) a matsayin Galala == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] p3w53grj39iayqs7nq89bds365bn6lg 0 115539 970401 710101 2026-10-22T15:48:10Z Salma Raddah 45959 970401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Hong''' cibiyar kula da lafiyar jama'a ce da ke [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]], [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya]]. Babban Darakta na Kiwon Lafiya na yanzu shine Farfesa Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Federal Medical Center Hong |url=https://fmchong.gov.ng/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=fmchong.gov.ng}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Yola |first=Onimisi Alao |date=2024-12-11 |title=The making of Adamawa's two FMCs |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Anyanwu23">{{Cite web |last=Anyanwu |first=Samuel |date=2023-08-17 |title=FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanya hannu kan kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]]. Fitowar wannan wurin ya kasance haɓakawa ne na cibiyar fadakarwa ta FMC da ke akwai, yana ba da damar inganta lafiyar jiki a jihar. A lokaci guda ya fara ayyukan asibiti don jiyya da tiyata.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Federal Medical Center Hong |url=https://fmchong.gov.ng/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=fmchong.gov.ng}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Yola |first=Onimisi Alao |date=2024-12-11 |title=The making of Adamawa's two FMCs |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-making-of-adamawas-two-fmcs/amp/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammangabdo |first=Hussaini |date=2022-12-07 |title=New FMC Hong Begins Clinical Services |url=https://leadership.ng/new-fmc-hong-begins-clinical-services/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TGNews |date=2022-12-05 |title=FMC HONG: THE STRUGGLES, APPREHENSIONS, CONCERNS AND RELIEF - TG News |url=https://tgnews.com.ng/fmc-hong-the-struggles-apprehensions-concerns-and-relief/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Babban darektan kiwon lafiya == '''Nyandanti Yakub Wilberforce''' farfesa ne kuma likitan jijiyoyin [[Najeriya]]. Shi ne babban darektan kiwon lafiya na asibitin. An tabbatar da nadin sa daga watan Agustan 2023, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]].<ref name="Anyanwu23">{{Cite web |last=Anyanwu |first=Samuel |date=2023-08-17 |title=FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnyanwu2023">Anyanwu, Samuel (2023-08-17). [https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-cmds-for-federal-medical-facilities-across-nigeria/ "FG Appoints 11 New CMDs For Federal Medical Facilities across Nigeria"]. ''Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-31</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-19 |title=FG appoints 11 CMDs for health institutions - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/fg-appoints-11-cmds-for-health-institutions/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ihejirika |first=Patience Ivie |date=2023-08-18 |title=FG Appoints 11 New Directors Of Federal Hospitals |url=https://leadership.ng/fg-appoints-11-new-directors-of-federal-hospitals/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |date=2023-08-18 |title=FG appoints new CMDs for 11 federal medical centres |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-appoints-new-cmds-for-11-federal-medical-centres/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == ec3nuxfjjejylb5u9bb2nhnmtof6flp 0 121749 970404 741125 2026-10-22T15:51:43Z Salma Raddah 45959 970404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Harsunan Sabaki harsunan Bantu ne na gabar tekun Swahili, wanda aka yi wa sunan kogin Sabaki . Baya ga Swahili, harsunan Sabaki sun haɗa da Ilwana (Malakote) da Pokomo a kan kogin Tana a Kenya, Mijikenda, da ake magana a bakin tekun Kenya; Comorian, a cikin Comoro Islands; da Mwani, ana magana a arewacin Mozambique. [1] A cikin rarrabuwar yanki na Guthrie, Swahili yana cikin yankin Bantu G, yayin da sauran yarukan Sabaki suke a yankin E70, galibi a ƙarƙashin sunan Nyika. == Harsuna == * [[Yaren Ilwana|Ilwana]] (Malakote) (E.701) * [[Harshen Pokomo|Pokomo]] (E.71) * [[Yaren Mijikenda|Mijikenda]] (E.72–73) (Arewa (Nyika), Segeju, [[Yaren Digo|Digo]], Degere) * [[Harsunan Comorian]], sun kasu kashi biyu, Yamma (Shimwali da Shingazidja) da Gabas ( Shimaore da Shindzwani) * Mwani (Mozambik) * [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] : [[Harshen Makwe|Makwe]] (Mozambique), [[Harshen Sidi|Sidi]] (Pakistan, India), [[Bajuni dialect|Tikulu]] (Bajuni Islands, Somalia), [[Harshe na Socotra Swahili|Socotra Swahili]], [[Yaren Bravanese|Mwiini]] (Brava, Somalia), Coastal Swahili (Lamu, Mombasa, Zanzibar), Pemba Swahili (Pemba, Mafia) Bugu da kari, akwai da yawa Swahili creoles da pidgins: Cutchi-Swahili, Kisetla (Settler Swahili), Engsh, [[Yaren Sheng slang|Sheng]], Shaba Swahili (Katanga Swahili, Lubumbashi Swahili), Ngwana (Congo Swahili), Kikeya . == Manazarta == <ref /> nxmgph05chs4ozfimgt1nx6akzng78i 970405 970404 2026-10-22T15:52:37Z Salma Raddah 45959 970405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Harsunan Sabaki harsunan Bantu ne na gabar tekun Swahili, wanda aka yi wa sunan kogin Sabaki. Baya ga Swahili, harsunan Sabaki sun haɗa da Ilwana (Malakote) da Pokomo a kan kogin Tana a Kenya, Mijikenda, da ake magana a bakin tekun Kenya; Comorian, a cikin Comoro Islands; da Mwani, ana magana a arewacin Mozambique. [1] A cikin rarrabuwar yanki na Guthrie, Swahili yana cikin yankin Bantu G, yayin da sauran yarukan Sabaki suke a yankin E70, galibi a ƙarƙashin sunan Nyika. == Harsuna == * [[Yaren Ilwana|Ilwana]] (Malakote) (E.701) * [[Harshen Pokomo|Pokomo]] (E.71) * [[Yaren Mijikenda|Mijikenda]] (E.72–73) (Arewa (Nyika), Segeju, [[Yaren Digo|Digo]], Degere) * [[Harsunan Comorian]], sun kasu kashi biyu, Yamma (Shimwali da Shingazidja) da Gabas ( Shimaore da Shindzwani) * Mwani (Mozambik) * [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] : [[Harshen Makwe|Makwe]] (Mozambique), [[Harshen Sidi|Sidi]] (Pakistan, India), [[Bajuni dialect|Tikulu]] (Bajuni Islands, Somalia), [[Harshe na Socotra Swahili|Socotra Swahili]], [[Yaren Bravanese|Mwiini]] (Brava, Somalia), Coastal Swahili (Lamu, Mombasa, Zanzibar), Pemba Swahili (Pemba, Mafia) Bugu da kari, akwai da yawa Swahili creoles da pidgins: Cutchi-Swahili, Kisetla (Settler Swahili), Engsh, [[Yaren Sheng slang|Sheng]], Shaba Swahili (Katanga Swahili, Lubumbashi Swahili), Ngwana (Congo Swahili), Kikeya . == Manazarta == <ref /> tib5zd1ckngkem4x5797ypda74ikw6o 0 123268 970413 788501 2026-10-22T16:10:15Z Salma Raddah 45959 970413 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Aasiya Zubair''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Aasiya Hassan''' (17 ga Yuni, 1972 - 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009) ta auri Muzzammil Hassan, wanda ya kafa kuma mai mallakar Bridges TV, Cibiyar talabijin ta [[Musulmi]] ta farko ta [[Amurka]]. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, an same ta mutu, an fille mata kai, a gidan talabijin na Bridges a Orchard Park, New York bayan mijinta da ya rabu da shi ya mika kansa ga ofishin 'yan sanda kuma an tuhume shi da kisan kai na biyu. == Ayyuka == Zubair [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|masanin gine-gine]] ne ta hanyar horo. Da yake damuwa da mummunan ra'ayi na Musulmai, ta "ji ya kamata a sami kafofin watsa labarai na Musulmi na Amurka inda 'ya'yanta za su iya girma suna jin ƙarfi sosai game da asalin su a matsayin Musulmi na Amirka" kuma sun zo da ra'ayin Bridges TV. Ta kuma yi karatu don Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Jihar New York a Buffalo daga 2007 zuwa 2009. Zubair ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga labarin rufewa a cikin Vol. 3, Fitowa ta 2 (2003) na ''Azizah'' Magazine; fuskarta ta bayyana a kan murfin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robbins |first=Liz |date=17 February 2009 |title=Upstate Man Charged With Beheading His Estranged Wife |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/nyregion/18behead.html?_r=0 |access-date=15 August 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> == Kisan kai == Muzzamill Hassan ya ja hankalin Zubair zuwa gidan talabijin inda suka yi aiki tare, a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009. Ya kai mata hari da wuƙaƙe biyu na farauta, ya soke ta sau arba'in kuma a ƙarshe ya yanke kanta.<ref name=":0" /> Zubair ta shigar da karar [[saki]] mako guda kafin kisan ta. == Kyauta == Baya ga aikinta na farko a matsayin mai watsa shirye-shirye, ana tunawa da Zubair a matsayin mai haɓaka don haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da batun tashin hankali na gida, musamman a cikin al'ummar Musulmi ta Arewacin Amurka. Wajahat Ali, sanannen marubucin wasan kwaikwayo [1] kuma wanda ya kafa GoatMilk, [2] ya rubuta a cikin The Guardian cewa "shi cikakkiyar zalunci na kisan Aasiya ya zama kira ga Musulmai da yawa na Amurka waɗanda suka amsa da sha'awar sha'awar fuskantar wannan bala'i mai tsanani. [3] Imam Mohamed Hagmagid Ali, mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Islama ta Arewacin Amurka, ya ce: "Wannan kira ne ga dukkanmu, wannan tashin hankali ne kuma ba za a iya magance shi gaba ɗaya ba".[t][3] A duk fadin kasar, kokarin hadin kai mai taken "Imams Speak Out: Domestic Violence Will Be Tolerated in Our Communities" ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2009 yana neman dukkan Imams da shugabannin addini su tattauna kisan Zubair, da kuma tashin hankali na gida, a cikin wa'azin su na mako-mako a kan hidimar addu'arsu ta Jumma'a. A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2011, an sami Muzzammil Hassan da laifin kisan kai na biyu saboda yanke kan matarsa ta shekaru takwas, Aasiya Zubair . An yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 25 zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai.<ref name=":0" /> A halin yanzu yana aiki a Clinton Correctional Facility, Dannemora . A cikin shekara ta 2012, an yi bikin Ranar Purple Hijab ta Duniya ta farko don jawo hankali ga tashin hankali na gida ga mata. Alaa Murabit, wanda ya kafa The Voice of Libyan Women, ya ce "Ranar Purple Hijab kai tsaye tana gwagwarmaya da haƙƙin [[Musulmi]] na cin zarafin matarsa, 'yarta, uwa, ko' yar'uwa. " <ref name=":4" /> Ana yin bikin Ranar Purple hijab ta Duniya a ranar Asabar ta biyu a watan Fabrairu don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar Zubair.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robbins |first=Liz |date=17 February 2009 |title=Upstate Man Charged With Beheading His Estranged Wife |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/nyregion/18behead.html?_r=0 |access-date=15 August 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Muzzammil Hassan: Halin da aka yi game da kamawa == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090219115603/http://bridgestv.com/contact.asp Bridges TV] * [http://www.vlwlibya.org/purple-hijab-day/ Ranar Purple Hijab ta Duniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724070938/http://www.vlwlibya.org/purple-hijab-day/ |date=2017-07-24 }} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jb3fo89apsbtp319i6c7e99u4md13fg 0 130361 970480 880575 2026-10-22T21:18:12Z Salma Raddah 45959 970480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farfesa na Serena na Italiyanci''' shine babban farfesa a cikin nazarin harshen Italiyanci, adabi da al'adu a Jami'ar Cambridge, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], Jami'an Manchester da Jami'ar Birmingham. A Cambridge, an kafa shi a cikin 1917 ta hanyar gudummawar £ 10,000 daga Arthur Serena (ya mutu 1922), mai sayar da jirgin ruwa kuma ɗan [[Venezia|Venetian]] mai kishin ƙasa Leone Serena . Ya kuma ba da lambar yabo ta Serena da Cibiyar Nazarin Burtaniya ke bayarwa a kowace shekara don ci gaba da nazarin tarihin Italiya, falsafar, kiɗa, adabi, fasaha da tattalin arziki.<ref name="British Academy">{{Cite web |title=Serena Medal |url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/serena-medal}}</ref> == Farfesa Serena a Birmingham == * Linetta na Castelvecchio Richardson (1921-1946) * J. H. Whitfield (1946-1974) * Philip McNair (1974-1994) * Michael Kaisar (1994-2008) == Farfesa Serena a Cambridge == * Thomas Okey (1919-1929) * Raffaello Piccoli (1929-1933) * Edward Bullough (1933-1934) * Eric Reginald Pearce Vincent (1935-1962) * Uberto Limentani (1962-1981) * Patrick Boyde (1982-2002) * Zygmunt Barański (2002-2012) * Robert Gordon (2012-yanzu) == Farfesa Serena a Manchester == * E. G. Gardner (1920) * P. Rébora (1923) * Mario Praz (1932-1934) * Walter Llewellyn Bullock (1935-1944) (Kamarar ta kasance babu kowa tsakanin 1944 da 1961) * Giovanni Aquilecchia (1961-1970) * Thomas Gwynfor ('Gwyn') Griffith (1971-1988) * David Robey (1989-1998) * Maggie Günsberg (2000-2004) * Stephen J. Milner (2006-yanzu) == Farfesa Serena a Oxford == * [[Cesare Foligno]] (1919-1940) * Alessandro Passerin d'Entrèves (1946-1957) * Cecil Grayson (1957-1987) * ''ba a cika shi ba'' (1987-1990) * [[John Woodhouse (Italianist)|John Woodhouse]] (1990-2001) * Martin McLaughlin (2001-2017) * [[Simon Gilson]] (2018-yanzu) <ref name="Gazette 28Sep17">{{Cite web |title=Appointments Humanities |url=https://gazette.web.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/gazette/documents/media/28_september_2017_-_no_5179_redacted.pdf |access-date=26 September 2018 |publisher=gazette.web.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da bayan ritaya na Grayson an 'tsayar da' kujerar Serena, saboda raguwar kudade na gwamnati, Gianni Agnelli, shugaban Fiat, ya amince da gudummawar £ 750,000 don 'unfreeze' kujerun Oxford. Don nuna godiya ga wannan fa'ida, sunan kujera a Oxford ya zama Shugaban Fiat-Serena na Nazarin Italiyanci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2009 an sake yin gyare-gyare a cikin nomenclature lokacin da sunan ya canza zuwa Agnelli-Serena Chair of Italian Studies, canjin da ke nuna kai tsaye rawar manyan masu taimako biyu a farkon da ƙarshen karni na ashirin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * Charlton, H. B. (1951) ''Hoton Jami'ar''. Manchester U. P.; shafi na 173&nbsp; * Uberto Limentani, 'Leone da Arthur Serena da Cambridge Chair of Italian 1919-1934', a cikin Martin McLaughlin (ed.),''Burtaniya da Italiya daga Romanticism zuwa Modernism . ''. A Festschrift for Peter Brand (Oxford: Legenda, 2000), shafi na 154-77.&nbsp; 1vnhcj76dddyq35ej6po16z8tihuqga 0 133121 970533 812295 2026-10-22T23:46:09Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Sajid Qasmi''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1972) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Indiya, marubuci, mai fassara, kuma farfesa a Darul Uloom Deoband . Ya rubuta da yawa a cikin Larabci da [[Urdu]] kan nazarin Islama, tarihi, da aikin jarida. Ya rubuta kuma ya fassara littattafai da yawa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga labaran ilimi da na addini. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Muhammad Sajid Qasmi a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1972 (5 Sha'ban 1392 AH) a Umarsenda, ƙauye a Gundumar Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, Indiya.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} Ya fara karatunsa a Madarsa Mahmoodiya a garinsu sannan daga baya ya yi karatun Farisa a Madarsa Kashiful Uloom a Pihani . Daga nan ya shiga Jamiul Uloom a [[Kanpur]], inda ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru hudu.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} A farkon shekarun 1990, ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya kammala a 1995 (1416 AH). Daga nan sai ya kammala ƙwarewa a Ifta (hukuncin shari'ar Islama) a wannan ma'aikatar.{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} Tare da ilimin Musulunci, ya ci gaba da karatu a fannonin zamani. Ya sami MA a cikin Harshen Urdu da Littattafai, difloma a cikin Jarida da Sadarwar Jama'a, da Takardar shaidar a cikin Harshe na Turanci - duk daga Jami'ar Urdu ta Kasa ta Maulana Azad, [[Hyderabad]].{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, Qasmi ya fara aikin koyarwa a Jamia Al-Qur'an wa Al-Sunnah a Bijnor kuma daga baya a Madrasa Shahi a Moradabad . {{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} A shekara ta 2002 (1422 AH), ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda ya ci gaba da koyar da adabin Larabci da kimiyyar Islama.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} A cikin 1441 AH (2020), an inganta shi zuwa matsayin babban farfesa.<ref name="Khalīli">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi}}</ref> Baya ga koyarwa, Qasmi ya ba da gudummawa ga binciken Islama, rubuce-rubuce, da fassara. Kwarewarsa a cikin Larabci da Urdu ya ba shi damar shiga cikin ilimin Islama da aikin jarida. Labaran bincikensa da litattafansa sun bayyana a cikin mujallu na ilimi da na addini, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga tattara ayyukan encyclopedic akan batutuwan Islama. {{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} {{Sfn|Arabi|2018}} Tun daga shekara ta 1441 AH (2019), yana aiki a matsayin babban editan ''Al-Nahdah al-Adabiyyah'', mujallar Larabci ta kwata-kwata da Al-Nadi al-Adabi, Darul Uloom Deoband ta buga.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili |date=11 September 2021 |title=Hazrat Maulana Qari Muhammad Usman Mansoorpuri aur Rijal Sazi mein unka aham kirdar |trans-title=Hazrat Maulana Qari Muhammad Usman Mansoorpuri and His Important Role in Producing Scholars |url=https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/2028 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327000046/https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/2028 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Deoband Online |language=ur}}</ref> == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Qasmi ta rubuta kuma tana gudanar da bincike kan nazarin Islama, harshen Larabci, da tarihi. Ya wallafa littattafai, takardun bincike, da kuma aikin jarida a cikin Larabci da Urdu. Labaransa sun bayyana a cikin ''Al-Daie'', da kuma ''Al-Raid'', ''Al-Thaqāfah'' ([[Kerala]]), Monthly Darul Uloom, ''Nida-e-Shahi'' (Moradabad), ''Tarjuman-e-Darul Uloom Jadeed'' (Delhi), da sauran jaridu. {{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} {{Sfn|Arabi|2018}} A lokacin da yake aiki a Madrasa Shahi, shi ne editan mujallar Larabci ta ''Al-Thaqafah Al-Islamiyyah'' . Rubuce-rubucensa sun rufe batutuwa kamar tauhidin Islama, tarihi, da batutuwan zamani.{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} === Littattafai === Littattafan da ya rubuta sun hada da: {{Sfn|Arabi|2018}}{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} * ''Al-Qira'at al-Arabiyyah'' (a cikin kundi huɗu) - An rubuta shi tare da Abdul Quddus Qasmi Niranwi, an tsara shi don masu koyon harshen Larabci. * ''TaDhiyyāt al-Salaf fī Sabīl-i-Tahsīl al-'ilm'' - Nazarin kan hadayu na malaman farko don ilimi. * ''Taiseer al-Insha'' (a cikin kundi uku) - Littafin rubutu don rubutun Larabci da ƙwarewar rubutu. * ''Masīrah Dar al-'Uloom Deoband abara mi'atin wa khamsīn 'āmā'' (transl. a cikin kundin biyu) <ref name="Balyawi">{{Cite journal |last=Balyawi |first=Muhmmad Shahnawaz Qasmi |date=April–June 2023 |editor-last=Qasmi |editor-first=Muhammad Sajid |title=قراءة في نصوص كتاب: مسيرة دارالعلوم بديوبند عبر مئة وخمسين عامًا |trans-title=Reading of the Texts from the Book: The Journey of Dar al-‘Ulūm Deoband Over One Hundred and Fifty Years |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/arabicarticles/archives/5588 |journal=Quarterly Al-Nahdah Al-Adabiyyah |language=ar |location=Deoband |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |volume=4 |issue=4 |page=9}}</ref> === Fassara === Qasmi ya fassara matani da yawa na gargajiya na Islama tsakanin Urdu da Larabci, yana sa su samuwa a cikin harsuna biyu. Fassararsa ta ƙunshi batutuwa kamar tauhidin Islama, tarihi, da kuma jawabin ilimi. Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan an fara tsara su a cikin Al-Daie kafin a buga su a matsayin littattafai.{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}} Fassararsa sun hada da:{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}}{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} ; Urdu zuwa Larabci : * ''Hujjat al-Islam'' (Tabbacin Islama) na Qasim Nanawtawi * ''Radūd 'Ala I'tiradat-in Muwajjahah Ila al-Islam'' (Amasu ga ƙin yarda da Islama) na Nanawtawi * ''Al-Aqeedah Al-Islamiyyah: Shuan wa Rudūd'' (Irin Islama: Shakkanci da martani) na Nanawtawi * ''Mahawarat fi al-Din'' (Masu'i a cikin Addini) na Nanawtawi * ''Al-Sahabah, Mada Yanbaghi an Nu'taqada 'anhum'' (Abokan, abin da ya kamata a yi imani da su) na Hussain Ahmad Madani * ''Mawqif-u-[[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]] min al-Khulafa al-Thalatha'' (matsayin Ali a kan Khalifa uku na farko) na Abd al-Shakūr Lakhnawi ; Larabci zuwa Urdu : * ''Al-Islam fi Nazar A'lam al-Gharb'' (Islama a cikin Ido na Mashahuran Yamma) na Hussain Abdullah Basalamah * ''Al-Hadiyyah Al-Sunniyyah fi Dhikr Al-Madrasah Al-Deobandiyyah'' (The Radiant Gift in the Mention of the Deobandi School) by Zulfiqar Ahmad Deobandi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] 62lk1t3m7losnosspzazhx8ijpxj5ty 970534 970533 2026-10-22T23:50:49Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 Na gyara tsarin rubutun Wikipedia, na gyara kuskuren alamomin wikitext, na kuma daidaita bayanan da ke cikin shafin. 970534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Sajid Qasmi''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1972) masanin addinin Musulunci ne na Indiya, marubuci, mai fassara, kuma farfesa a Darul Uloom Deoband. Ya rubuta da yawa a cikin Larabci da [[Urdu]] kan nazarin Islama, tarihi, da aikin jarida. Ya rubuta kuma ya fassara littattafai da yawa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga labaran ilimi da na addini. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Muhammad Sajid Qasmi a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1972 (5 Sha'ban 1392 AH) a Umarsenda, ƙauye a Gundumar Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh, Indiya.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} Ya fara karatunsa a Madrasa Mahmoodiya a garinsu sannan daga baya ya yi karatun Farisa a Madrasa Kashiful Uloom a Pihani. Daga nan ya shiga Jamiul Uloom a [[Kanpur]], inda ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru hudu.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} A farkon shekarun 1990, ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya kammala a 1995 (1416 AH). Daga nan sai ya kammala ƙwarewa a Ifta (hukuncin shari'ar Islama) a wannan ma'aikatar.{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} Tare da ilimin Musulunci, ya ci gaba da karatu a fannonin zamani. Ya sami MA a cikin Harshen Urdu da Littattafai, difloma a cikin Jarida da Sadarwar Jama'a, da Takardar shaidar a cikin Harshe na Turanci - duk daga Jami'ar Urdu ta Kasa ta Maulana Azad, [[Hyderabad]].{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, Qasmi ya fara aikin koyarwa a Jamia Al-Qur'an wa Al-Sunnah a Bijnor kuma daga baya a Madrasa Shahi a Moradabad.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} A shekara ta 2002 (1422 AH), ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda ya ci gaba da koyar da adabin Larabci da kimiyyar Islama.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} A cikin 1441 AH (2020), an inganta shi zuwa matsayin babban farfesa.<ref name="Khalīli">{{Cite book|last=Qasmi|first=Muhammadullah Khalili}}</ref> Baya ga koyarwa, Qasmi ya ba da gudummawa ga binciken Islama, rubuce-rubuce, da fassara. Kwarewarsa a cikin Larabci da Urdu ya ba shi damar shiga cikin ilimin Islama da aikin jarida. Labaran bincikensa da litattafansa sun bayyana a cikin mujallu na ilimi da na addini, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga tattara ayyukan encyclopedic akan batutuwan Islama.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}} Tun daga shekara ta 1441 AH (2019), yana aiki a matsayin babban editan ''Al-Nahdah al-Adabiyyah'', mujallar Larabci ta kwata-kwata da Al-Nadi al-Adabi, Darul Uloom Deoband ta buga.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2020}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili |date=11 September 2021 |title=Hazrat Maulana Qari Muhammad Usman Mansoorpuri aur Rijal Sazi mein unka aham kirdar |trans-title=Hazrat Maulana Qari Muhammad Usman Mansoorpuri and His Important Role in Producing Scholars |url=https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/2028 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327000046/https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/2028 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Deoband Online |language=ur}}</ref> == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Qasmi ya rubuta kuma yana gudanar da bincike kan nazarin Islama, harshen Larabci, da tarihi. Ya wallafa littattafai, takardun bincike, da kuma aikin jarida a cikin Larabci da Urdu. Labaransa sun bayyana a cikin ''Al-Daie'', da kuma ''Al-Raid'', ''Al-Thaqāfah'' ([[Kerala]]), Monthly Darul Uloom, ''Nida-e-Shahi'' (Moradabad), ''Tarjuman-e-Darul Uloom Jadeed'' (Delhi), da sauran jaridu.{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}}{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}} A lokacin da yake aiki a Madrasa Shahi, shi ne editan mujallar Larabci ta ''Al-Thaqafah Al-Islamiyyah''. Rubuce-rubucensa sun rufe batutuwa kamar tauhidin Islama, tarihi, da batutuwan zamani.{{Sfn|Hasan|2013}} === Littattafai === Littattafan da ya rubuta sun hada da:{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}}{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} * ''Al-Qira'at al-Arabiyyah'' (a cikin kundi huɗu) - An rubuta shi tare da Abdul Quddus Qasmi Niranwi, an tsara shi don masu koyon harshen Larabci. * ''TaDhiyyāt al-Salaf fī Sabīl-i-Tahsīl al-'ilm'' - Nazarin kan hadayu na malaman farko don ilimi. * ''Taiseer al-Insha'' (a cikin kundi uku) - Littafin rubutu don rubutun Larabci da ƙwarewar rubutu. * ''Masīrah Dar al-'Uloom Deoband abara mi'atin wa khamsīn 'āmā'' (a cikin kundin biyu)<ref name="Balyawi">{{Cite journal |last=Balyawi |first=Muhmmad Shahnawaz Qasmi |date=April–June 2023 |editor-last=Qasmi |editor-first=Muhammad Sajid |title=قراءة في نصوص كتاب: مسيرة دارالعلوم بديوبند عبر مئة وخمسين عامًا |trans-title=Reading of the Texts from the Book: The Journey of Dar al-‘Ulūm Deoband Over One Hundred and Fifty Years |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/arabicarticles/archives/5588 |journal=Quarterly Al-Nahdah Al-Adabiyyah |language=ar |location=Deoband |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |volume=4 |issue=4 |page=9}}</ref> === Fassara === Qasmi ya fassara matani da yawa na gargajiya na Islama tsakanin Urdu da Larabci, yana sa su samuwa a cikin harsuna biyu. Fassararsa ta ƙunshi batutuwa kamar tauhidin Islama, tarihi, da kuma jawabin ilimi. Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan an fara tsara su a cikin Al-Daie kafin a buga su a matsayin littattafai.{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}} Fassararsa sun hada da:{{Sfn|Arabi|2018}}{{Sfn|Rahman|2021}} ; Urdu zuwa Larabci * ''Hujjat al-Islam'' (Tabbacin Islama) na Qasim Nanawtawi * ''Radūd 'Ala I'tiradat-in Muwajjahah Ila al-Islam'' (Amasu ga ƙin yarda da Islama) na Nanawtawi * ''Al-Aqeedah Al-Islamiyyah: Shuan wa Rudūd'' (Irin Islama: Shakkanci da martani) na Nanawtawi * ''Mahawarat fi al-Din'' (Masu'i a cikin Addini) na Nanawtawi * ''Al-Sahabah, Mada Yanbaghi an Nu'taqada 'anhum'' (Abokan, abin da ya kamata a yi imani da su) na Hussain Ahmad Madani * ''Mawqif-u-[[Ali]] min al-Khulafa al-Thalatha'' (matsayin Ali a kan Khalifa uku na farko) na Abd al-Shakūr Lakhnawi ; Larabci zuwa Urdu * ''Al-Islam fi Nazar A'lam al-Gharb'' (Islama a cikin Ido na Mashahuran Yamma) na Hussain Abdullah Basalamah * ''Al-Hadiyyah Al-Sunniyyah fi Dhikr Al-Madrasah Al-Deobandiyyah'' (The Radiant Gift in the Mention of the Deobandi School) na Zulfiqar Ahmad Deobandi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] drizyguppte1ziynyq2wvygdxvnxpg5 0 135861 970431 778674 2026-10-22T17:46:17Z Hauwa'u lawal ardo 27936 970431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gundumar Charlotte,''' gundumar Amurka ce da ke tsakiyar yankin kudu maso tsakiyar Tarayyar [[Virginia]] . Babban birnin gundumar ita ce garin Charlotte Court House . <ref name="GR6">{{Cite web |title=Find a County |url=https://ce.naco.org/?county_info=51037 |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=ce.naco.org |publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Ya zuwa ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020, yawan jama'ar gundumar ya kai 11,529. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte County, Virginia |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US51037 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Gundumar Charlotte galibi [[Countryside|karkara]] ce, inda yawan jama'a ya kai mutane 26.5 kacal a kowace murabba'in mil. An kafa gundumar a shekarar 1764 daga gundumar Lunenburg, kuma an sanya mata suna ne saboda Sarauniya Charlotte, matar Sarki George na Uku na Ingila . Mahaifin da ya kafa ta Patrick Henry yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mazaunanta, kuma kabarinsa da kuma abin tunawa na ƙasa da aka keɓe masa suna cikin gundumar Charlotte. == Tarihi == Matsugunin Turawa na gundumar nan gaba ya fara ne a farkon karni na 18, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte County, Virginia |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US51037 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> kuma mazaunan farko sun haɗa da yawancin mutanen Ingila, tare da wasu ' yan Huguenots na Faransa, Scotch-Irish, da ƙaramin yawan jama'ar Jamusawa . Bayan kimanin shekaru hamsin na zama a Turai, Majalisar Burgesses ta kafa kuma ta kafa Gundumar Charlotte a 1764 daga wani ɓangare na Gundumar Lunenburg . An sanya wa sabuwar gundumar suna don girmama Charlotte ta Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sarauniya kuma matar Sarki George na Uku na Burtaniya . Mazauna gundumar daga baya sun zama masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai kuma Juyin Juya Halin Amurka da Uba wanda ya kafa shi Patrick Henry yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mazaunanta. Kabarinsa da kuma abin tunawa na ƙasa da aka keɓe masa suna cikin Gundumar Charlotte. Mazauna Gundumar Charlotte sun shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka sosai. Wakilan gundumar sun goyi bayan kudurorin da suka yi adawa da Dokar Hatimin 1765, <ref name="Bailey1" /> kuma gwamnatin gundumar ita ce hukumar mulki ta biyu da ta ayyana 'yancin kai daga mulkin Ingila. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyin mayaƙan Charlotte sun yi faɗa a ƙarƙashin Janar Robert Lawson a lokacin yaƙin Yorktown, wanda ya haifar da ƙarshen Yaƙin 'Yanci na Amurka . <ref name="Bailey1" /> A ƙarshe, wurin hutawa na ƙarshe da kuma abin tunawa na ƙasa ga gwarzon juyin juya hali Patrick Henry yana a Red Hill Plantation . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Patrick Henry |url=http://www.redhill.org/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727015447/http://www.redhill.org/biography.html |archive-date=July 27, 2013 |access-date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial}}</ref> Gundumar Charlotte ta kuma taka rawa a wasu yaƙe-yaƙe a ƙasar Amurka. Wani kamfanin harsasai daga Charlotte ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a [[Battle of Craney Island|Yaƙin Tsibirin Craney]] a lokacin [[War of 1812|Yaƙin 1812.]] Haka kuma, wani gagarumin yaƙi a [[Yaƙin basasar Amurka|Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka]] ya faru a gundumomin Charlotte da [[Halifax County, Virginia|Halifax]] a lokacin [[Battle of Staunton River Bridge|Yaƙin Gadar Kogin Staunton]], wanda ya haifar da nasara ga ƙungiyar Confederacy. ==manazarta == rff2dkf6dvygdfpkgfdz0mhu6ywh888 970433 970431 2026-10-22T17:47:03Z Hauwa'u lawal ardo 27936 970433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gundumar Charlotte,''' gundumar Amurka ce da ke tsakiyar yankin kudu maso tsakiyar Tarayyar, [[Virginia|,Virginia]] . Babban birnin gundumar ita ce garin Charlotte Court House . <ref name="GR6">{{Cite web |title=Find a County |url=https://ce.naco.org/?county_info=51037 |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=ce.naco.org |publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Ya zuwa ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020, yawan jama'ar gundumar ya kai 11,529. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte County, Virginia |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US51037 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Gundumar Charlotte galibi [[Countryside|karkara]] ce, inda yawan jama'a ya kai mutane 26.5 kacal a kowace murabba'in mil. An kafa gundumar a shekarar 1764 daga gundumar Lunenburg, kuma an sanya mata suna ne saboda Sarauniya Charlotte, matar Sarki George na Uku na Ingila . Mahaifin da ya kafa ta Patrick Henry yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mazaunanta, kuma kabarinsa da kuma abin tunawa na ƙasa da aka keɓe masa suna cikin gundumar Charlotte. == Tarihi == Matsugunin Turawa na gundumar nan gaba ya fara ne a farkon karni na 18, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte County, Virginia |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US51037 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> kuma mazaunan farko sun haɗa da yawancin mutanen Ingila, tare da wasu ' yan Huguenots na Faransa, Scotch-Irish, da ƙaramin yawan jama'ar Jamusawa . Bayan kimanin shekaru hamsin na zama a Turai, Majalisar Burgesses ta kafa kuma ta kafa Gundumar Charlotte a 1764 daga wani ɓangare na Gundumar Lunenburg . An sanya wa sabuwar gundumar suna don girmama Charlotte ta Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sarauniya kuma matar Sarki George na Uku na Burtaniya . Mazauna gundumar daga baya sun zama masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai kuma Juyin Juya Halin Amurka da Uba wanda ya kafa shi Patrick Henry yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mazaunanta. Kabarinsa da kuma abin tunawa na ƙasa da aka keɓe masa suna cikin Gundumar Charlotte. Mazauna Gundumar Charlotte sun shiga cikin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka sosai. Wakilan gundumar sun goyi bayan kudurorin da suka yi adawa da Dokar Hatimin 1765, <ref name="Bailey1" /> kuma gwamnatin gundumar ita ce hukumar mulki ta biyu da ta ayyana 'yancin kai daga mulkin Ingila. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyin mayaƙan Charlotte sun yi faɗa a ƙarƙashin Janar Robert Lawson a lokacin yaƙin Yorktown, wanda ya haifar da ƙarshen Yaƙin 'Yanci na Amurka . <ref name="Bailey1" /> A ƙarshe, wurin hutawa na ƙarshe da kuma abin tunawa na ƙasa ga gwarzon juyin juya hali Patrick Henry yana a Red Hill Plantation . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Patrick Henry |url=http://www.redhill.org/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727015447/http://www.redhill.org/biography.html |archive-date=July 27, 2013 |access-date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial}}</ref> Gundumar Charlotte ta kuma taka rawa a wasu yaƙe-yaƙe a ƙasar Amurka. Wani kamfanin harsasai daga Charlotte ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a [[Battle of Craney Island|Yaƙin Tsibirin Craney]] a lokacin [[War of 1812|Yaƙin 1812.]] Haka kuma, wani gagarumin yaƙi a [[Yaƙin basasar Amurka|Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka]] ya faru a gundumomin Charlotte da [[Halifax County, Virginia|Halifax]] a lokacin [[Battle of Staunton River Bridge|Yaƙin Gadar Kogin Staunton]], wanda ya haifar da nasara ga ƙungiyar Confederacy. ==manazarta == 6uyk6agsjkyeuj6jky55qrp2gc30w9l 0 137053 970434 800571 2026-10-22T17:47:34Z Hauwa'u lawal ardo 27936 970434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dennis John Ciclitira,''' (Girkanci; 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1918 - 9 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2000) sojan Burtaniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na zuriyar Girka. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ciclitira a Patras, Girka, amma iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa Ingila, sun zauna a Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex . Mahaifinsa Demosthenes ya kafa kamfani da ke shigo da busassun 'ya'yan itace. Ciclitira ta yi karatu a Makarantar Wycliffe sannan aka tura ta Girka don koyon kasuwancin iyali. == Ayyukan soja a Yaƙin Duniya na II == A cikin 1939 Ciclitira ya shiga cikin Sojojin Yankin, yana aiki a cikin 2/4th Essex Regiment, <ref name="IWM">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Head Shawl (Seraki) |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30109356 |access-date=10 February 2016 |website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> kafin ya kammala karatu daga Ofishin Horar da Jami'in Cadet kuma an ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin na biyu a cikin Kudancin Staffordshire Regiment a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1940. <ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1940}}</ref> Bayan shekaru biyu tare da Kudancin Staffordshire Regiment, Ciclitira ya ba da kansa don yin aiki tare da Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman, kuma a watan Oktoba 1942 an sanya shi zuwa "Force 133", sashin SOE na Cretan, wanda ke zaune a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Shi ne ke da alhakin shirya isar da makamai da kayayyaki a asirce ga masu adawa da Crete, da kuma fitar da wadanda suka zama masu haɗari sosai don su kasance. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1943 Ciclitira ya karbi ragamar Xan Fielding a matsayin kwamandan ayyukan SOE a yammacin tsibirin Crete, yana aiki daga wani dutse kusa da Canea.<ref name="IWM">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Head Shawl (Seraki) |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30109356 |access-date=10 February 2016 |website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> A watan Mayu 1944, bayan sace Janar Kreipe, Ciclitira ya shirya kwashe Patrick Leigh Fermor, W. Stanley Moss, da kuma wadanda aka kama su ta hanyar Motor Launch, kuma ya sadu da su a wani rairayin bakin teku mai nisa a bakin tekun kudu.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1940}}</ref> Kamar dai yadda Leigh Fermor da Moss suka fahimci cewa babu wanda ya san isasshen Morse don yin lambar ganewa daidai Ciclitira ya isa, bayan an umarce shi ya koma Alkahira, ya ɗauki fitilar, ya kira su "wawaye masu jini", kuma ya yi siginar da ta dace. Ciclitira ya koma tsibirin Krita a watan Satumbar 1944, <ref name="IWM">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Head Shawl (Seraki) |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30109356 |access-date=10 February 2016 |website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> ya kasance a can har zuwa karshen yakin. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1945, ya tattauna musayar fursunoni, ya musanya fursunonin Jamus 36 ga 'yan Krita 12, ciki har da [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]], daga baya Firayim Minista na Girka. A ranar 8 ga Mayu 1945, Ranar V-E, Ciclitira ya shirya Janar-Major Hans-Georg Benthack don mika dukkan sojojin Jamus a tsibirin ga Manjo-Janar Colin Callander. <ref name="IWM" /> == Ayyukan bayan yaƙi == A ranar 23 ga Mayu 1946, Ciclitira ta sami ambaton a cikin sakonni "don nuna godiya ga ayyukan da suka dace a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bahar Rum". Mahaifinsa ya mutu a 1943, Ciclitira da ɗan'uwansa John sun farfado da kasuwancin iyali a ƙarshen shekarun 1950, sun kafa Demos Ciclitira Ltd. Kamfanin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu shigo da busassun 'ya'yan itace na Burtaniya, da sauran samfuran. Dan dan Ciclitira Andrew ne ya gudanar da shi har zuwa rasuwarsa a watan Disamba na 2020; Shugaban Kamfanin yanzu ɗan'uwan Andrew ne David.[1] Dennis Ciclitira ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2000.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1940}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 94o03h3ul3ee5vgtm6rtm5vx9edd9yk 970436 970434 2026-10-22T17:48:56Z Hauwa'u lawal ardo 27936 970436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dennis John Ciclitira,''' (Girkanci; 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1918 - 9 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2000), sojan Burtaniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na zuriyar Girka. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ciclitira a Patras, Girka, amma iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa Ingila, sun zauna a Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex . Mahaifinsa Demosthenes ya kafa kamfani da ke shigo da busassun 'ya'yan itace. Ciclitira ta yi karatu a Makarantar Wycliffe sannan aka tura ta Girka don koyon kasuwancin iyali. == Ayyukan soja a Yaƙin Duniya na II == A cikin 1939 Ciclitira ya shiga cikin Sojojin Yankin, yana aiki a cikin 2/4th Essex Regiment, <ref name="IWM">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Head Shawl (Seraki) |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30109356 |access-date=10 February 2016 |website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> kafin ya kammala karatu daga Ofishin Horar da Jami'in Cadet kuma an ba shi izini a matsayin mataimakin na biyu a cikin Kudancin Staffordshire Regiment a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1940. <ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1940}}</ref> Bayan shekaru biyu tare da Kudancin Staffordshire Regiment, Ciclitira ya ba da kansa don yin aiki tare da Babban Jami'in Ayyuka na Musamman, kuma a watan Oktoba 1942 an sanya shi zuwa "Force 133", sashin SOE na Cretan, wanda ke zaune a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Shi ne ke da alhakin shirya isar da makamai da kayayyaki a asirce ga masu adawa da Crete, da kuma fitar da wadanda suka zama masu haɗari sosai don su kasance. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1943 Ciclitira ya karbi ragamar Xan Fielding a matsayin kwamandan ayyukan SOE a yammacin tsibirin Crete, yana aiki daga wani dutse kusa da Canea.<ref name="IWM">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Head Shawl (Seraki) |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30109356 |access-date=10 February 2016 |website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> A watan Mayu 1944, bayan sace Janar Kreipe, Ciclitira ya shirya kwashe Patrick Leigh Fermor, W. Stanley Moss, da kuma wadanda aka kama su ta hanyar Motor Launch, kuma ya sadu da su a wani rairayin bakin teku mai nisa a bakin tekun kudu.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1940}}</ref> Kamar dai yadda Leigh Fermor da Moss suka fahimci cewa babu wanda ya san isasshen Morse don yin lambar ganewa daidai Ciclitira ya isa, bayan an umarce shi ya koma Alkahira, ya ɗauki fitilar, ya kira su "wawaye masu jini", kuma ya yi siginar da ta dace. Ciclitira ya koma tsibirin Krita a watan Satumbar 1944, <ref name="IWM">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=Head Shawl (Seraki) |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30109356 |access-date=10 February 2016 |website=Imperial War Museum}}</ref> ya kasance a can har zuwa karshen yakin. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1945, ya tattauna musayar fursunoni, ya musanya fursunonin Jamus 36 ga 'yan Krita 12, ciki har da [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]], daga baya Firayim Minista na Girka. A ranar 8 ga Mayu 1945, Ranar V-E, Ciclitira ya shirya Janar-Major Hans-Georg Benthack don mika dukkan sojojin Jamus a tsibirin ga Manjo-Janar Colin Callander. <ref name="IWM" /> == Ayyukan bayan yaƙi == A ranar 23 ga Mayu 1946, Ciclitira ta sami ambaton a cikin sakonni "don nuna godiya ga ayyukan da suka dace a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bahar Rum". Mahaifinsa ya mutu a 1943, Ciclitira da ɗan'uwansa John sun farfado da kasuwancin iyali a ƙarshen shekarun 1950, sun kafa Demos Ciclitira Ltd. Kamfanin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu shigo da busassun 'ya'yan itace na Burtaniya, da sauran samfuran. Dan dan Ciclitira Andrew ne ya gudanar da shi har zuwa rasuwarsa a watan Disamba na 2020; Shugaban Kamfanin yanzu ɗan'uwan Andrew ne David.[1] Dennis Ciclitira ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2000.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=23 April 1940}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q96wass329smep3xrsgtx5kwbotw3r3 0 142550 970411 820226 2026-10-22T16:00:48Z Salma Raddah 45959 970411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa (Larabci:سبيحة بنت إبراهيم آل خليفة; an haifeta a shekara ta 1948) ita ce mace ta farko kuma yar uwar Sarkin Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. Ita ce mahaifiyar Yarima mai jiran gado Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa. ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifeta a Muharraq, Bahrain, a shekarar 1948 a fadar kakanta na uba, Sheikh Mohammed bin Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://arabstates.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2017/all/princess-sabeeka-bint-ibrahim-al-khalifa |title=Princess Sabeeka Bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa |date=|work=UN Women |access-date=2021-12-06 |language=en}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] hne8pf7bg13xv8ux3rpdpvduh8056i9 0 143273 970531 911834 2026-10-22T23:45:24Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:PBS_logo_2019.svg|alt=babban yatsan hannu|right|200x200px]] '''PBS''' mai watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a ne na Amurka a Arlington County ([[:en:Arlington County|en]]), [[Virginia]], wanda aka kafa a ranar [[Nuwamba 3]], 1969 ([[:en:1969|en]]). '''PBS network '''PBS ta fitar da cibiyoyin talabijin da yawa, sau da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu kamfanonin kafofin watsa labarai. PBS YOU, ilimi mai nisa da yadda ake aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2006, kuma Create ne ya fi samun nasara (wani cibiyar sadarwa mai kama da wannan mallakar gidan talabijin na jama'a na Amurka). Tashar PBS Kids Channel ta sa'o'i 24 tana da sau biyu a cikin shekarun talabijin na dijital; wanda ya wanzu tsakanin 1999 da 2005 (wanda PBS Kids Sprout ya maye gurbinsa), da kuma sigar yanzu wacce aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2017. Duniya ta fara aiki a cikin 2007 a matsayin sabis ɗin da PBS ke sarrafawa amma yanzu ana sarrafa shi ta gidan talabijin na jama'a na Amurka.PBS ta kuma sake fasalin tsarin ciyar da tauraron dan adam, ta sauƙaƙe HD02 (PBS West) a cikin ciyarwar lokaci don Yankin Lokaci na Pacific, maimakon ƙarin ma'anar ma'anar ga abincin SD na farko. PBS Kids Go! an gabatar da shi azaman maye gurbin hanyar watsa shirye-shirye don asalin 1999-2005 na PBS Kids Channel; duk da haka, an ninka shirye-shiryen ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwa a cikin 2006. Shirye-shiryen daga Sabis na Satellite na PBS an kuma gudanar da su ta wasu tashoshin membobin ko cibiyoyin sadarwar membobin yanki don cika jadawalin dare (musamman waɗanda suka sauya zuwa jadawalin sa'o'i 24 tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990), maimakon samar da shirye-shiryen da aka samo daga masu rarraba talabijin na jama'a ko maimaita shirye-shirye na gida (bayar shirye-shiryar da aka nuna akan abincin tauraron dan adam suna tallata shirye-shiryin da ake watsawa akan PBS a lokacin katin da aka saba amfani da shi azaman mai riƙe da shi don saka bayanan iska na gida).Wasu ko duk waɗannan ayyukan suna samuwa a kan matakin kebul na dijital na masu samar da kebul da yawa, a kan mai karɓar tauraron dan adam kyauta (FTA) wanda ke karɓa daga PBS Satellite Service, da kuma ta hanyar masu samar da tauraron dan Adam kai tsaye. Baya ga Sprout, wasu daga cikin wadannan ayyukan, gami da wadanda ke daga tashoshin membobin PBS da cibiyoyin sadarwa, ba su yi kwangila tare da ayyukan MVPD da aka rarraba a Intanet ba kamar Sling TV da PlayStation Vue da yanzu. Tare da sauyawa zuwa watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na dijital na iska, yawancin ayyukan suna samuwa yanzu a matsayin tashoshin multicast na ma'ana a kan siginar dijital na wasu tashoshin membobin, yayin da HD02 (PBS West) ke aiki a matsayin abincin HD na biyu. Tare da rashin talla, gano cibiyar sadarwa a kan waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwar PBS an iyakance shi don amfani a ƙarshen shirin, wanda ya haɗa da daidaitattun jerin bumpers daga kamfen ɗin "Be More".Duk da yake ba a sarrafa shi ko sarrafa shi ta hanyar PBS ba, ƙarin hanyoyin watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a suna samuwa kuma tashoshin membobin PBS suna ɗaukar su. Wadannan uku kuma ana rarraba su ta hanyar PBS ta hanyar tauraron dan adam.Daga 2002 zuwa 2011, Buffalo, tashar memba ta New York WNED-TV tana aiki da ThinkBright TV, sabis ɗin da aka ɗauka a tashoshin da yawa a arewacin New York. Cibiyoyin sadarwa da yawa na jihohi suna ba da cibiyar sadarwa ta al'amuran jama'a da ke ba da cikakken lokaci game da abubuwan da suka faru na gwamnatin jihar da kuma tsarin majalisa / shari'a a cikin wannan hanyar kamar yadda C-SPAN ke ɗaukar hoto na gwamnatin tarayya. Yawancin tashoshin PBS sun kuma dauki MHz Worldview daga Cibiyoyin sadarwa na MHz har zuwa 2020 lokacin da Cibiyoyin sadarwar MHz suka sanar da dakatar da cibiyar sadarwa a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2020. Tun daga wannan lokacin, tashoshin da yawa sun sauya zuwa Tashar Duniya da kuma Kwarewar Kasashen FarkoWani ra'ayi daban amma mai alaƙa shine cibiyar sadarwa ta jihar, inda ƙungiyar tashoshin a duk faɗin jihar ke watsa shirye-shirye guda ɗaya daga cibiyar tsakiya, wanda zai iya haɗawa da tashoshin ƙwarewa na musamman ga wannan mai watsa shirye-aikace.PBS ta gabatar da tambarin ta na farko a cikin 1971, alamar kalma mai launi da yawa na farkon cibiyar sadarwa tare da P da aka tsara don kama da siffar fuskar mutum. Ernie Smith da Herb Lubalin na kamfanin Lubalin Smith Carnase ne suka tsara tambarin.[1][2] Fuskar mutum ta Lubalin "P", wanda aka sani a cikin PBS a matsayin "Kowane Mutum", amma wanda aka fi sani da "P-Head", ya zama tushen duk alamun PBS na gaba.[3] Kafin wannan, PBS ta yi amfani da sans-serif duk caps font, mai launi a cikin Firamare na NET, karanta "Public Broadcasting Service" a matsayin bumper daga 1970 zuwa gabatarwa na "P" a cikin 1971. [4]A shekara ta 1984, PBS ta gabatar da sabon sigar tambarin, wanda Tom Geismar na Chermayeff & Geismar ya tsara.[1] Chermayeff & Geismar sun ji cewa tambarin da aka tsara na Lubalin yayi kama da na manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci guda uku na lokacin, kuma sun nemi "don bunkasa alamar da za ta iya tsayawa ga ra'ayi mafi mahimmanci na 'tafiyar talabijin na jama'a'". Sun juya Lubalin's Everyman "P" don fuskantar dama maimakon hagu, kuma sun sake maimaita tsarin a matsayin jerin don wakiltar "yawanci" na mutane. Daga baya aka sake sunan alamar "Kowane mutum".[2] An kuma fassara fasalin fuskar da aka maimaita don ba da shawarar digiri na al'adu da yawa, da kuma bangaren sabis na jama'a na aikin PBS.[3]A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2019, don girmama bikin cika shekaru 50 na cibiyar sadarwa, PBS ta bayyana sabon asalin alama ta Lippincott, wanda aka nufa ya fi dacewa da amfani a kan dandamali na dijital. An gyara tambarin Geismar, an ba da sabon rubutun sans-serif na al'ada da aka sani da PBS Sans don tambarin da sauran abubuwan alama (wanda ya maye gurbin rubutun serif da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tambarin PBS tun 1984), kuma an karɓi launin shudi da fari na lantarki a matsayin launuka na kamfanoni.[1][2] Cibiyar sadarwa tana ba da izinin sassauci a aiwatarwa, amma ba ta ba da izini ga nuna alamar ba tare da sunan PBS ba. Bayan ƙaddamar da sabon tambarin, wasu mambobi sun sake sanya kansu don hada da PBS a cikin sunansu a karon farko, kamar [[Wisconsin]] Public Television sake sanyawa a matsayin PBS Wisconsin.[2][3] PBS tana biyan tallafi ga akalla mambobi 100 don rufe farashin da ke da alaƙa da sake fasalin.[2]Masu sukar sun yaba wa PBS saboda shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryenta iri-iri.[1] Tim Goodman na The Hollywood Reporter ya yi alama da watsa shirye-shiryen PBS na Downton Abbey a matsayin canji ga sunan cibiyar sadarwa da nau'ikan shirye-shirye.[2] Ya kuma rubuta, "Lokacin PBS ne ya haskaka" kuma ya ce cibiyar sadarwa "ta kasance mai wadata marar iyaka... Shin ba haka ba ne?" [2][3]Stevenonymous na BuzzFeed ya rubuta, "PBS ba TV kawai ba ne kuma".[4]David Zurawik na The Baltimore Sun ya rubuta, "Idan kuna son dalilin yin imani da PBS...a nan ne. "[5]Mekeisha Madden Toby na TheWrap ya rubuta, "Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a ƙauna...a kan PBS. "[6]Kristen McQuinn na Book Riot ya rubuta, "PBS yana da ban mamaki a kowace hanya".[7]Caroline Framke na Variety ya rubuta, "Har yanzu babu PBS da za a doke". [1]Alyssa Rosenburg na The Washington Post ta rubuta, "PBS zaren haɗin kai ne...ta hanyar al'adunmu".[8]Margaret Renkl na [[New York Times|The New York Times]] ta rubuta, "Ta hanyar niyyar hada kai...PBS na iya ceton mu har yanzu".[9]Margie Barron na Nishaɗi A Yau ya rubuta, "PBS ya kasance mai nuna haske... wanda ke motsawa".[10]Binciken Kasuwanci da Bincike, ya ce PBS shine "#1 mafi amintaccen kafofin watsa labarai shekaru 19 a jere".[11]A cikin 2021, cibiyar sadarwa tana da zabuka 14 na News & Documentary Emmy Award, fiye da kowane kungiya.[12] Matt Roush na TV Insider ya rubuta, "PBS kuma koyaushe ya kasance haske mai haske".[13]Ga shirin PBS Arts, Rob Owen na Pittsburgh Post-Gazette ya rubuta, "Kyauta ga masu kallo".[14]Tun da kashi 53% zuwa 60% na kudaden shiga na talabijin na jama'a sun fito ne daga gudummawar membobin masu zaman kansu da tallafi, [1] yawancin tashoshin suna neman gudummawar mutum ta hanyar hanyoyin da suka hada da tara kuɗi, tafiye-tafiye ko telethons, wanda ke rushe shirye-shiryen da aka tsara akai-akai. An fahimci wannan a matsayin mai ban haushi tun lokacin da ake sauya shirye-shiryen da aka tsara akai-akai tare da na musamman da aka yi niyya ga masu sauraro da yawa (kamar na musamman na kiɗa da aka yi wa ƙarni na Baby Boomer da shirye-shirye na kudi, kiwon lafiya da motsawa) don neman sabbin mambobi da gudummawa; yayin abubuwan da suka faru na tara kuɗi, waɗannan shirye-shiryin galibi ana katse su a cikin watsa shirye-shiryar ta hanyar sassan dogon lokaci (na minti shida zuwa takwas a tsawon) suna ƙarfafa masu kallo su ba da gudummawar ga memba na PBS.[2] Ana watsa wuraren rubutun a ƙarshen kowane shirin, wanda ya bambanta da tallace-tallace na gargajiya a hanyoyi da yawa.[3] Kowane wuri dole ne a amince da shi don saduwa da jagororin da yawa.[4] Babban jagororin sun bayyana cewa wuraren da aka rubuta ba za su iya zama masu inganci a kowace hanya ba, kuma ba za su sami kira ga aiki ba.[5]Wani shirin watsa shirye-shiryen Hukumar Bayanai ta Amurka a shekarar 1982 Bari Poland ta kasance Poland game da dokar soja da aka ayyana a Poland a shekarar 1981 masu watsa shirye-'adu a Gabashin Turai sun yi Allah wadai da shi, wadanda suka lakafta shi a matsayin farfaganda na "mai tayar da hankali da adawa da kwaminisanci", wanda ke nuna adawa da gwamnatocin ga sukar ayyukansu ko akidarsu.[1][2]Shirye-shiryen da PBS ke watsawa sun kasance manufofi na kamfen ɗin da aka shirya ta mutane da kungiyoyi masu ra'ayi masu adawa, gami da tsohon Sakataren Ilimi na Amurka Margaret Spellings a cikin 2005. [1]A watan Satumbar 2003, an zabi Kenneth Tomlinson a matsayin shugaban kwamitin CPB. [1] Ya soki PBS da NPR saboda abin da ya yi zargin cewa "yanci ne".[2] Kokarinta ya haifar da korafe-korafe na matsin siyasa.[3]A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, 'yan Democrat biyu na majalisar sun nemi babban jami'in CPB ya binciki korafe-korafe na tsoma baki na siyasa.[1] An bayar da rahoton Sufeto Janar a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005 kuma ya bayyana yiwuwar tasirin siyasa a kan yanke shawara na ma'aikata, gami da wasikar imel tsakanin Tomlinson da Fadar White House wanda ya nuna cewa Tomlinson "ya kasance mai karfi da la'akari da siyasa wajen cika matsayin shugaban kasa / Shugaba", matsayin da tsohon shugaban Kwamitin Jamhuriyar Republican na kasa Patricia Harrison ya cika a watan Yunin shekara ta 2005.[2] Tomlinson ya yi murabus daga kwamitin CPB a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2005. [3]A watan Janairun 2025, Shugaban Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya (FCC) Brendan Carr ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike kan tallafin kamfanoni na PBS da tashoshin membobin NPR don yiwuwar keta ka'idojin FCC da ke hana masu watsa shirye-shiryen da ba na kasuwanci ba daga watsa tallace-tallace.[1][2] A watan Maris mai zuwa, Kwamitin Dindindin na Majalisar Dattijai kan Bincike ya buɗe bincike game da binciken da Carr ya ba da umarni.[3] A cikin 1981, Majalisa ta yi gyare-gyare ga Dokar Sadarwa ta 1934 don ba da izini ga masu lasisi na tashoshin da ba na kasuwanci ba don bayar da sabis da kayan aiki don musayar biyan kuɗi a kan yanayin cewa ba ta tsoma baki da samar da sabis na sadarwa na jama'a ba.[1][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 1] A cikin shekara ta 1984, FCC ta karɓi manufofi a ƙarƙashin gyare-gyaren da ke ba da izinin tashoshin da ba na kasuwanci ba don watsa shirye-shiryen rajista daga ƙungiyoyin riba waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ko rajista.[1][1]Duk da taken FCC ta haramta wuraren rubutun daga hada wasu takamaiman abun ciki (misali inganta samfuran mai ba da gudummawa, ayyuka, ko kasuwanci, kwatankwacin ko kwatancin samfuran, bayanin farashi, kira zuwa aiki, ko saurin sayen, siyarwa, ko hayar kayayyaki), FCC gabaɗaya ta ba masu watsa shirye-shiryen da ba na kasuwanci ba su girmamawa wajen tantance ka'idojin rubutun su ba, ba da takamaiman iyaka akan tsawon wuraren rubutun rubutun, kuma sunayen samfurin da sabis ɗin kasuwanci, kuma sunayensu masu ba da sabis ɗin sabis ɗin kasuwanci ba tare da sabis ɗin ba, ba, ba su ba da sabis na kasuwanci ba, kuma sunaye masu ba su ba su ba, Sunayen kasuwanci ba da sabis ba da sabis.[1][1]Har ila yau, ka'idojin rubutun FCC da haramtacciyar doka a kan masu watsa shirye-shirye da ba na kasuwanci ba da ke karɓar tallace-tallace kawai suna amfani da wuraren da ake watsawa kuma ba sa amfani da shafukan yanar gizo na masu watsa shirye'shiryen da ke da kasuwanci.[1][lower-alpha 1] Gyaran 1981 ga Dokar Sadarwa ya kuma kafa kwamiti na wucin gadi don gano wasu hanyoyin samar da kudade don watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a da nazarin yiwuwar samun kudaden shiga na talla ta amfani da iyakantaccen zanga-zangar, amma a cikin rahoton karshe da aka fitar a 1983, kwamiti ya gano cewa yiwuwar samun kudin shiga na talla yana da iyaka kuma a maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar cewa Majalisa ta ci gaba da samar da kudaden ga Kamfanin watsa shirye-tallace (CPB).[1]A cikin shekara ta 2012, CPB ta ba da rahoton da Majalisa ta ba da umarni kuma wanda ya haɗa da nazarin kasuwa da Booz & Company suka gudanar wanda ya lura cewa biyan kuɗi na kamfanoni ya kai ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na kudaden shiga na gidan talabijin da rediyo na jama'a kuma ya ragu sosai saboda Babban Mawuyacin hali.[1]Tare da rahoton 1983 da rahoton Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati na 2007 game da talabijin na jama'a musamman, rahoton CPB ya kammala cewa ci gaban irin wannan kudaden shiga ba zai yiwu ba, cewa ba da damar masu watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a ga tallace-tallace na iska ba zai kawar da raguwar kudaden tarayya ba yayin da mai yiwuwa ya ba da gudummawa ga raguwar tallafi daga wasu tushe, kuma cewa babu wani madadin kudade ga cinikin CPB na tarayya wanda zai iya ci gaba da sabis na watsa shirye-tallacen jama'a a wannan matakin.[1][1][1]Binciken bayanan CPB da Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta buga a watan Agustan 2023 ya gano cewa kudaden shiga na biyan kuɗi ga tashoshin membobin NPR daga 2008 zuwa 2021 galibi sun kasance a ƙasa kuma sun faɗi ƙasa da matakan 2009 a cikin 2021 biyo bayan koma bayan COVID-19, yayin da kudaden kamfanoni don PBS News Hour ya kasance daga 17% zuwa 23% na jimlar kudaden shiga daga 2015 zuwa 2022.[1]A cikin shekarun 1990s, PBS ta shiga cikin rikici game da haƙƙin lasisin bidiyo na gida tare da Pacific Arts Corporation, kamfani mai watsa labarai mallakar tsohon guitarist na The Monkees Michael Nesmith.A cikin 1990, Pacific Arts ta sami kwangila tare da PBS don rarraba kundin shirye-shiryen su na baya akan VHS a ƙarƙashin tutar PBS Home Video. Koyaya, a farkon shekarun 1990s, Pacific Arts da PBS sun shiga cikin jerin manyan rashin jituwa. An gabatar da karar: ta Nesmith da Pacific Arts a kan PBS don karya kwangila, kuskuren da gangan, ɓoyewa da gangan, kuskurin da gangan, da kuma tsoma baki tare da kwangila; kuma ta PBS a kan Nesmith le Pacific Arts don rasa sarauta.[1] Shari'ar ta karu a cikin 1994 da 1995 zuwa manyan shari'o'i tsakanin jam'iyyun kan waɗannan haƙƙoƙi da biyan kuɗi. PBS da Nesmith da Pacific Arts sun gurfanar da waɗannan shari'o'in miliyoyin daloli.Masu shigar da kara guda shida sun hada da PBS, WGBH-TV, WNET, Ken Burns-owned American Documentaries da Radio Pioneers Film Project da kuma Children's Television Workshop. Sun nemi kusan dala miliyan 5 a cikin takaddama, ci gaba, tabbacin da kudaden lasisi don shirye-shirye da kuma amfani da tambarin PBS daga wadanda ake tuhuma Pacific Arts da NesmithSaboda kudin shari'ar, an tilasta wa Pacific Arts dakatar da ayyukan rarrabawa kuma ta dakatar da amfani da tambarin PBS a bidiyon Pacific Arts.[1] Kodayake tsarin rarraba na Pacific Arts ya daina aiki, masu shigar da kara daban-daban suna dogaro da kama tabbacin kudi na sirri da Nesmith ya yi wa PBS a cikin yarjejeniyar PBS ta asali a cikin 1990.Shari'ar ta tafi shari'ar juriya a Kotun Tarayya a Los Angeles a watan Fabrairun 1999. Bayan kwana uku na tattaunawa, juriya sun goyi bayan Nesmith.[1] Kotun ta ba da kyautar Pacific Arts $ 14,625,000 don asarar ɗakin karatu na haƙƙinta, tare da $ 29,250,000 a cikin lalacewar azabtarwa. Kotun ta ba da kyautar dala miliyan 3 ga Nesmith da kansa, gami da dala miliyan 2 a cikin lalacewar azabtarwa don jimlar kyautar ga Nesmish da Pacific Arts na $ 48,875,000.   Kotun ta warware matsalolin kuɗin lasisi ta hanyar ba da umarni ga Pacific Arts da Nesmith su biya kusan dala miliyan 1.2 ga American Documentaries don Yaƙin basasa, kimanin $ 230,000 ga WGBH-TV, da $ 150,000 ga WNET.[2] Bayan hukuncin, Nesmith ya nuna takaici da kansa game da PBS kuma BBC News ta nakalto shi yana cewa "Yana kama da gano kakarka tana satar sitiriyo. Kuna farin ciki da dawo da sitiriyo, amma abin bakin ciki ne don gano kakarka ɓarawo ce".[1]Ba a taɓa yanke shawara ga kotun daukaka kara ba kuma adadin ƙarshe da aka biya wa Pacific Arts da Nesmith adadin da ba a bayyana ba ne da aka amince da shi a cikin sasantawa na waje. Ofishin watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a (PBS) mai watsa shirye-'a ne na jama'a na Amurka kuma ba na kasuwanci ba, [1] [2] [3] [4] cibiyar talabijin ta kyauta da ke Virginia" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia.[5][6][7] [shafin da ake buƙata][8][9] PBS kungiya ce mai zaman kanta kuma mafi shahararren mai ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi ga tashoshin talabijin na jama'a a Amurka,[10][11][12][13] rarraba shirye-shirye kamar Nature, Nova, Frontline, PBS News Hour, Washington Week, Masterpiece, American Experience, da shirye-aikacen yara kamar Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, Sesame Street, Barney & Friends, Arthur, Curious George, The Magic School Bus, da sauransu.[14]  Wasu tashoshin kuma suna ba da sabis na zubar da ruwa ga Kanada.[15]PBS tana samun kuɗi ta hanyar haɗuwa da kuɗin tashar memba, takaddun shaida, tallafin kamfanoni, da gudummawa daga tushe masu zaman kansu da kuma 'yan ƙasa. Daga lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekarar 1969 har zuwa 2025, ya kuma sami kudade daga Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Jama'a.[1] Dukkanin kudaden da aka gabatar don shirye-shiryen suna ƙarƙashin saitin ka'idoji don tabbatar da cewa shirin ba shi da tasiri daga tushen kudade.[2] PBS tana da tashoshin talabijin sama da mambobi 350, da yawa mallakar Cibiyoyin ilimi, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko masu alaƙa da wani yanki na makarantar jama'a ko cibiyar ilimi ta kwaleji, ko ƙungiyoyi mallakar ko alaƙa da Gwamnatin jihar. [3][4]An kafa PBS a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 1969, ta hanyar Hartford N. Gunn Jr. (shugaban WGBH), John Macy (shugaban CPB), James Day (shugaban karshe na National Educational Television), da Kenneth A. Christiansen (shugaban sashen watsa shirye-shirye a Jami'ar Florida). [1] Fred Friendly ya kasance wani muhimmin mutum a cikin tattaunawar game da haɗin kai wanda zai haifar da kirkirar Sabis ɗin watsa shirye-shiryen Jama'a (PBS) a shekarar 1969.[2]Ya fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1970, yana karɓar yawancin ayyukan magajinsa, National Educational Television (NET), wanda daga baya ya haɗu da Newark, [[New Jersey]] tashar WNDT don samar da WNET. A shekara ta 1973, ta haɗu da Tashoshin Talabijin na Ilimi.[1][2][3] A lokaci guda, kungiyoyin sun fara Cibiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Harkokin Jama'a ta Kasa (daga baya Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a ta Kasa don Talabijin), wacce ke ba da labarai da al'amuran ƙasa ga sabis ɗin.[4][5] Daga baya aka haɗu da kungiyar a cikin tashar memba ta WETA-TV a shekarar 1972. [6][7]Nan da nan bayan bayyanar jama'a game da Abin kunya na Watergate, a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1973, Kwamitin Watergate na Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ya fara aiki; PBS ta watsa shirye-shiryen a duk fadin kasar, tare da Robert MacNeil da Jim Lehrer a matsayin masu sharhi. Kodayake duk manyan cibiyoyin talabijin guda uku sun gudanar da ɗaukar hoto game da sauraron, PBS ta sake watsa su a farkon lokacin.[1] Shekaru bakwai, watsa shirye-shiryen dare-da-gavel ya jawo hankalin jama'a sosai, kuma ya ɗaga bayanin martaba na cibiyar sadarwa ta PBS.[2]A shekara ta 1974, PBS ta ƙaddamar da National Station Program Cooperative, haɗin gwiwa da aka yi amfani da shi don tallafawa shirye-shiryen tashoshin talabijin na jama'a, tare da Kamfanin watsa shirye-shirye na Jama'a da Gidauniyar Ford da ke riƙe da ƙananan hannun jari a cikin kasuwancin.[1] A shekara ta 1976, an yi gyare-gyare tare da tashoshin talabijin na jama'a da ke karɓar mafi yawan iko da CPB da Ford suna riƙe da raguwar gungumen azaba da tsabar kudi (wanda ake kira tallafin shirye-shiryen da ba a ƙuntata ba). [2] A shekara ta 1977, tashoshin talabijin na jama'a sun dauki cikakken iko da Shirin Shirin Shiri, suna ba da damar tallafawa shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya.[3]A cikin 1981, Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya ta fara ba da izini ga PBS don ba da izinin karɓar alamun kamfanoni da aka yi amfani da su don wuraren rajista, galibi ga masu tallafawa, tushe da ƙungiyoyi.[1][2] Alamomin da aka yi amfani da su don rubuce-rubuce daga baya sun samo asali ne a 1982 don gudanar da tallace-tallace, galibi don tallafawa.[3]A shekara ta 1988, an tabbatar da wani tsari ga PBS a watan Yulin 1989, kamar yadda asalin kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don rubutun, "masu talabijin na jama'a" sun kasance da yawa ga masu sauraro, don haka an canza shi zuwa "masu kallo kamar ku".[1] Shekaru biyu bayan haka, wani tsari na 1990 ya ba da izinin manyan shirye-shirye na 1991, kamar na musamman na wasan kwaikwayo na Mark Russell, Sesame Street, Washington Week in Review, Wall Street Week, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, Austin City Limits, Nova da Nature ta atomatik ta ba da kyauta ga Kamfanin watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a a cikin takardun shaida, kodayake mafi yawansu sun sauke shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.[2]A cikin 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy ya fitar da sakamakon binciken da ya fi girma game da shahara da amincin kungiyoyin agaji da marasa riba. PBS ta kasance ta 11 "mafi mashahuriyar sadaka / ba riba ba a Amurka" daga sama da 100 masu ba da agaji da aka bincika a cikin binciken da masana'antar ta gudanar, tare da 38.2% na Amurkawa sama da shekaru 12 suna zaɓar "ƙauna" da "kamar yawa" don PBS. [1] [2] [3][4]Tun daga tsakiyar 2000s, binciken Roper Opinion Research wanda PBS ta ba da umarni ya sanya sabis ɗin a matsayin mafi yawan ma'aikatar ƙasa a Amurka.[1][2] Binciken 2016-2017 na Nielsen Media Research ya gano kashi 80% na dukkan gidajen talabijin na Amurka suna kallon shirye-shiryen cibiyar sadarwa a cikin shekara guda.[3] Koyaya, PBS ba ta da alhakin duk shirye-shiryen da aka ɗauka a tashoshin talabijin na jama'a, yawancin su na iya fitowa daga tashoshin membobin - gami da WGBH-TV, WETA-TV,WNET, WTTW, WQED, WHY-TV, Twin Cities PBS - Talabijin na Jama'a na Amurka, da masu samar da kansu. Wannan bambanci game da asalin shirye-shirye daban-daban a kan sabis ɗin yana ba da tushen rikice-rikice na masu kallo.[4]A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009, PBS ta sanya hannu don rahotanni na ma'aunin masu sauraro na Nielsen, kuma ta fara shiga cikin rahotanni masu yawa na yau da kullun, tare da manyan cibiyoyin watsa shirye-shiryen kasuwanci.[1]A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2011, PBS ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta haɗa da hutu da ke dauke da wuraren rubutun don masu tallafawa kamfanoni da tushe, gabatarwa na shirye-shirye da wuraren ganowa a cikin hutu huɗu da aka sanya a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na Yanayi da NOVA, watsa shirye-shiryen da suka rabu zuwa ɓangarori har zuwa minti 15, maimakon watsa su a matsayin abubuwan da suka dace na minti 50. Dabarun ya fara wannan faduwa, tare da niyyar fadada raguwar cikin shirin zuwa sauran jadawalin idan ya ci nasara.[1]An ƙaddamar da "PBS UK" a matsayin tashar biyan kuɗi a Ƙasar Ingila a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2011, wanda ke nuna shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye na Amurka da aka samo daga PBS. Da kyau a gano batun sa, an sake sunan wannan tashar "PBS America" a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 2012. Tashar ta zama samuwa a wasu sassan Turai da OstiraliyaPBS da farko ta yi gwagwarmaya don yin gasa tare da kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi kamar YouTube don rabon kasuwa. A cikin jawabin 2012 ga manyan jami'ai 850 daga tashoshin PBS, Babban Mataimakin Shugaban Digital Jason Seiken ya yi gargadin cewa PBS tana cikin haɗarin rushewa ta YouTube kamar Maker Studios. A cikin jawabin, daga baya aka bayyana shi a matsayin "lokaci mai mahimmanci" don talabijin na jama'a, [1] ya shimfiɗa hangen nesa don sabon salon samar da bidiyo na dijital na PBS. Jagoran tashar ya taru a kan hangen nesa kuma Seiken ya kafa PBS Digital Studios, wanda ya fara samar da bidiyo na ilimi amma mai ban sha'awa, wani abu da Seiken ya kira "PBS- inganci tare da hankali na YouTube".[2] Shirin farko na studio, wani nau'in da aka yi amfani da shi na atomatik na taken daga daya daga cikin shahararrun shirye-shiryen talabijin, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, yana daya daga cikin bidiyon YouTube 10 mafi ƙwayoyin cuta na 2012.[3] A shekara ta 2013, ra'ayoyin bidiyo na kowane wata a kan PBS.org ya tashi daga miliyan 2 zuwa biliyan kwata, zirga-zirgar PBS. org ta wuce na CBS, NBC, da shafukan yanar gizo na ABC, PBSKids.org ya zama babban shafin yanar gizon yara na Amurka don bidiyo, kuma PBS ya lashe lambar yabo ta Webby ta 2013 fiye da kowane kamfani na kafofin watsa labarai a duniya.[4]A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2013, an samar da cikakkun abubuwan da suka Yara na PBS, labarai da shirye-shiryen yara ta hanyar mai kunnawa mai gudana na Roku; shirye-shirye suna samuwa a kan Roku a matsayin tashoshin gudana daban-daban don abun ciki na "PBS" da "PBS Kids".[1] Wasu abun ciki suna samuwa ne kawai tare da biyan kuɗi na memba na .[2]PBS PassportA ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2016, Amazon Prime Video da PBS Distribution sun shiga yarjejeniyar shekaru da yawa wanda ya ga jerin PBS Kids da yawa a kan wasu ayyukan yawo suna motsawa zuwa Amazon Prime Video.[1]PBS Distribution ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da MultiChoice don ƙaddamar da PBS Kids a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2019, a kan dandamali na biyan kuɗi na DStv da GOtv a duk faɗin sawun Afirka ta Kudu. [1] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2021, an kara tashar zuwa dandalin biyan kuɗi na Foxtel na Ostiraliya.[2]A lokacin rani na 2019 Television Critics Association yawon shakatawa na PBS a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2019, an sanar da cewa MVPD YouTube TV za ta fara ɗaukar shirye-shiryen PBS da tashoshin membobin a cikin fall of 2019. Tashoshin membobin suna da zaɓi na samun tashar gargajiya a kan sabis ɗin tare da cikakken jadawalin shirye-shiryen da Google ya karɓa a kan iska kuma ya ɗora shi zuwa sabis ɗin, abincin YouTube TV-kawai da tashar ta bayar tare da wasu maye gurbin shirye-shirye saboda rashin haƙƙin dijital, ko abincin da aka ba da PBS tare da iyakantaccen yanki, kodayake ba tare da shirye-shiryon gida ko shirye-shiryar alƙawarin ba.[1]A cikin 2019, PBS ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen ƙaura hedkwatarta zuwa wani gini a cikin Crystal Gateway, yayin da ta kasance a Crystal City, Virginia, kuma ta yi haka a cikin 2020, wanda ya haɗa da alamar gini mafi girma da ake gani daga Richmond Highway . [1] [2][3]A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 2020, dandalin Amazon Prime Video ya kara da kunshin "PBS Documentaries". [1] Ya zuwa wannan lokacin ya ba da zaɓuɓɓuka huɗu daban-daban na shirye-shiryen PBS a Amurka, "PBS Documentaries", "PBS Living" (kuma a kan Apple TV), "PBS Masterpiece" (kuma A Kanada) da kuma "PBS KIDS".[2] A cikin Burtaniya, kunshin shirye-shiryen "PBS America" ya zama samuwa a kan Amazon Prime Video . [3]A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2020, PBS ta fara bayar da shirye-shiryen tashoshin membobinta kyauta ta hanyar shafin yanar gizon ta (kazalika da shafukan yanar gizon tashoshin mambobin), a kan talabijin masu wayo, da kuma aikace-aikacen wayar hannu. Koyaya, ƙananan tashoshin ne kawai a halin yanzu ba su da tashoshin da aka kafa.[1] Jefferson Graham na Amurka A Yau ya kira shi "watakila mafi kyawun ciniki a cikin yawo".[2]An kara tashoshin "PBS Antiques Roadshow", "Julia Child", "Antiques Road Trip" da "PBS Nature" zuwa wasu dandamali na Amurka FAST a watan Janairun 2023. [1] Antiques Road Trip daga baya ya zama samuwa a Ostiraliya. Tashoshin "PBS Food" (a Amurka) da "PBS History" (a Burtaniya da Ostiraliya) an ƙaddamar da su a wasu dandamali na FAST a ƙarshen 2023.[2][3]An kara tashar "PBS Retro" a cikin tashar talabijin ta Roku a Amurka a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2024, tana watsa shirye-shiryen PBS Kids daga 70s, 80s da 90s.[1] Tashar "PBS Science" [2] ta kasance a Ostiraliya a 2024.[3] Hakanan yana samuwa a Burtaniya da IrelandA ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2025, Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Jama'a, wanda PBS ke samun yawancin kudadensa, ya sanar da cewa za su kawo karshen ayyukan saboda Dokar Rescissions ta 2025 ta kashe su gaba daya.[1][2]Ko da tare da matsayinta a matsayin mai zaman kanta [1] da kuma cibiyar talabijin ta ilimi, PBS tana shiga cikin rarraba shirye-shirye.[2] PBS tana ba da abun ciki na talabijin da sabis masu alaƙa da tashoshin membobinta, kowannensu tare yana da haɗin kai.[3] Ba kamar masu alaƙa da cibiyoyin talabijin na kasuwanci ba, kowane tashar memba na PBS mai zaman kanta ana cajin shi da alhakin shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye na cikin gida kamar labarai, tambayoyi, al'adu, da shirye-shiryon al'amuran jama'a don kasuwar mutum ko jihar da ke ba da abubuwan da PBS da sauran masu rarraba talabijinA cikin tsarin cibiyar sadarwar talabijin na watsa shirye-shiryen kasuwanci, masu haɗin gwiwa suna ba da rabon lokacin tallace-tallace na gida don musayar shirye-shirye na cibiyar sadarwa, kuma cibiyar sadarwa tana biyan masu haɗin gwiwa rabon kuɗin da ta samu daga talla. Sabanin haka, tashoshin membobin PBS suna biyan kuɗi don nunawa da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu kuma ta rarraba. A karkashin wannan dangantakar, tashoshin membobin PBS suna da mafi girma a cikin jadawalin gida fiye da takwarorinsu na watsa shirye-shiryen kasuwanci. Shirye-shiryen jerin da aka rarraba na PBS na iya bambanta sosai dangane da kasuwa. Wannan na iya zama tushen tashin hankali yayin da tashoshin ke neman adana yankin su, kuma PBS na ƙoƙarin tallata tsarin ƙasa mai daidaituwa. Koyaya, PBS tana da manufofin "tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun", wanda ke buƙatar yawancin tashoshin su share shirye-shirye lokaci na farko na ƙasa a kan jadawalin shirye-shirye na yau don tallata su a cikin ƙasa yadda ya kamata. Gudanarwa a tsohon memba na Los Angeles KCET ya ambaci rikice-rikicen kudi da shirye-shirye marasa warwarewa daga cikin manyan dalilan da suka sa ya bar PBS bayan sama da shekaru 40 a watan Janairun 2011, kodayake zai koma PBS a cikin 2019.[1]Kodayake PBS tana da jadawalin shirye-shirye, musamman game da jadawalinta na farko, tashoshin membobin suna da damar tsara shirye-shiryen da aka rarraba PBS a wasu ramuka na lokaci ko kuma ba su share shi ba idan sun zaɓi yin hakan; kaɗan daga cikin membobin sabis ɗin suna ɗaukar duk shirye-shiryenta. Yawancin tashoshin PBS suna canza lokaci wasu shirye-shiryen da aka rarraba. Da zarar PBS ta yarda da shirin da aka bayar don rarrabawa, PBS, maimakon asalin tashar memba, tana riƙe da haƙƙin sake watsa shirye-shirye na musamman a lokacin da aka amince da shi. Masu samarwa, duk da haka, suna riƙe da haƙƙin sayar da dukiyar ilimi ta shirin a cikin kafofin watsa labarai marasa watsa shirye-shirye kamar DVDs, littattafai, kuma wani lokacin kayan lasisi na PBS.Shirin maraice da na farko a kan PBS yana nuna shirye-shirye Sabon-daban ciki har da zane-zane mai kyau (Great Performances); wasan kwaikwayo (Masterpiece, Downton Abbey, American Family: Journey of Dreams); kimiyya (Nova, Nature); tarihi (American Experience, American Masters, History Detectives, Antiques Roadshow); kiɗa (Austin City Limits, Soundstage); al'amuran jama'a (Frontline, PBS NewsHour, Washington Week, Nightly Business Report); fina-finai da shirye-shiryen masu zaman kansu (P.O.V., Independent Lens), Hoton, Old Man; Hoton; Hoton, Midwell; Hoton), Hoton; Midwell; Midwell, Hoton, Hoton;[1][2] A cikin 2012, PBS ta fara shirya yawancin shirye-shiryen sa na farko a kusa da jadawalin jinsi (alal misali, jerin wasan kwaikwayo sun kunshi jadawalin Lahadi, yayin da shirye-shirye masu alaƙa da kimiyya ke nunawa a ranar Laraba). [3]Ba kamar takwaransa na rediyo ba, Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa, PBS ba shi da babban bangare na samar da shirye-shirye ko sashen labarai. Dukkanin shirye-shiryen da PBS ke ɗauka, ko labarai, shirye-shirye ko nishaɗi, an kirkiresu ne (ko a mafi yawan lokuta an samar da su a ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da) wasu bangarorin, kamar tashoshin membobin. memba na Boston WGBH-TV yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da shirye-shiryen talabijin na ilimi, gami da shirye-'shirye kamar American Experience, Arthur (tare da CINAR na Kanada), Masterpiece Theatre, Nova, Antiques Roadshow da Frontline da sauran shirye-shirye da yawa na yara da Sabon rayuwa.[1] WETA-TV (PBS News Hour) ne ke samar da shirye-shiryen labarai a Washington, DC, WNET a Birnin New York da WPBT a Miami. Newark, New Jersey / New York City memba WNET yana samarwa ko rarraba shirye-shirye kamar Asirin Matattu, Yanayi, da Cyberchase. PBS kuma tana aiki tare da wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa don shirye-shirye kamar CNN International don Amanpour & Company wanda shine haɗin gwiwar CNN International da WNETAn san tashoshin membobin PBS don sake watsa shirye-shiryen kayan ado na talabijin na Burtaniya, wasan kwaikwayo da shirye-shirye na fiction na kimiyya (wanda aka samo daga BBC da sauran tushe) kamar Downton Abbey; 'Allo 'Allo!'Allo'Allo!; Shin ana bauta maka?; The Benny Hill Show, Red Dwarf; The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin; Uba Ted; Fawlty Towers; Harry Enfield & Chums; Ci gaba da Bayyanawa; Monty Python's Flying Circus; Mr. Bean, Vicar na Dibley, asalin Doctor Who, da Sherlock. Koyaya, ana samun rabawa mai yawa. BBC da masu watsa shirye-shiryen Burtaniya kamar Channel 4 sau da yawa suna ba da hadin kai tare da tashoshin PBS, suna samar da kayan da aka nuna a bangarorin biyu na Atlantic. Sau da yawa, shirye-shiryen Kanada, Australiya da sauran shirye-shirye na kasa da kasa sun bayyana a tashoshin PBS (kamar The Red Green Show, a halin yanzu ana rarraba shi ta hanyar masu ba da sabis na Gudanar da Shirye-shiryen Jama'a); masu ba da watsa shirye-shiryon jama'a sun fi iya ba da wannan shirye-shiryar ga tashoshin talabijin na jama'a na AmurkaPBS ba shine kadai mai rarraba shirye-shiryen talabijin na jama'a ga tashoshin membobin ba. Sauran masu rarrabawa sun fito ne daga tushen kamfanonin da ke kula da tashoshin talabijin na jama'a a cikin shekarun 1960. Gidan Talabijin na Jama'a na Amurka na Boston, wanda aka fi sani da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Gabas da Sabis na Shirin Amurka, a tsakanin sauran sunaye, wani babban mai rarraba shirye-shirye ne ga tashoshin Amurka da ba na kasuwanci ba. Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Ilimi ta Kasa (NETA, tsohon SECA) wani mai rarrabawa ne, tare da kadarori ciki har da Shapies da Jerry Yarnell School of Fine Art. Bugu da ƙari, tashoshin membobin kansu suna samar da shirye-shirye iri-iri na gida, wasu daga cikinsu daga baya suna karɓar rarraba ƙasa ta hanyar PBS ko wasu masu rarrabawa.Shirye-shiryen sakewa, musamman shirye-shiryen cikin gida da ba a samar da su ba don talabijin na jama'a, gabaɗaya ba a saba gani ba a PBS ko tashoshin membobinta. Mafi shahararren ban da wannan shine The Lawrence Welk Show, wanda aka ci gaba da watsawa a kan PBS (ta hanyar Oklahoma Educational Television Authority) kusan kowane karshen mako tun 1986. Sake gabatar da shirye-shiryen da aka samar don talabijin na jama'a sun zama ruwan dare, musamman tare da tsoffin shirye-shirye na PBS waɗanda masu masaukin suka yi ritaya ko suka mutu (alal misali, The Joy of Painting da Mister Rogers' Neighborhood). Shirye-shiryen yara (kamar Clifford the Big Red Dog da DragonflyTV, wanda kuma aka haɗa shi a talabijin na kasuwanci) ana sake shi sosai. A cikin 2020 da 2021, PBS ta yi aiki a matsayin gidan sama don zaɓar na musamman daga ɗakin karatu na Peanuts, a ƙarƙashin lasisi daga Apple; [1] ba a sabunta yarjejeniyar a cikin 2022.[2]Launched as PTV on July 11, 1994, PBS Kids is the brand for children's programs aired by PBS. PBS Kids, launched in 1999 and operated until 2005, was largely funded by satellite provider DirecTV. The original channel ceased operations on September 26, 2005, in favor of PBS Kids Sprout, a commercial digital cable and satellite television channel originally operated as a joint venture between PBS, Comcast, Sesame Workshop and Apax Partners (NBCUniversal, which Comcast acquired in 2011, later acquired the other partners' interests in the channel in 2012). However, the original programming block still exists on PBS, filling daytime and in some cases, weekend morning schedules on its member stations; many members also carry 24-hour locally programmed children's networks featuring PBS Kids content on one of their digital subchannels. A revived version of the PBS Kids Channel was launched on January 16, 2017. As of 2019, PBS Kids is the only children's programming block on U.S. broadcast televisionKamar yadda shirye-shiryen yara da yake rarraba an yi niyya ne don ilimantarwa da kuma jin daɗin masu sauraron sa, PBS da tashoshin sa sun daɗe suna bin jagororin shirye-shirye na ilimi da Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya ta kafa don mayar da martani ga aiwatar da Dokar Talabijin ta Yara ta 1990. Yawancin tashoshin membobin sun kuma watsa shirye-shiryen nesa da sauran shirye-shirye na talabijin na koyarwa, yawanci a lokacin ramuka na rana; kodayake tare da zuwan talabijin ta dijital, wanda ya ba da damar tashoshin su ɗauki waɗannan shirye-shiryon a kan manyan tashoshin PBS ko kuma kawai akan layi, yawancin tashoshin / cibiyoyin sadarwa sun maye gurbin abubuwan ilimin nesa tare da yara da sauran shirye' yan wasaYa zuwa watan Fabrairun 2023, an rage tsawon lokacin PBS Kids daga sa'o'i 13 na shirye-shiryen yau da kullun ciki har da shirye-shirye na kafin- da bayan makaranta, har zuwa sa'o-i takwas da farko da safe. Wannan matakin an yi shi ne don biyan masu sauraro da yawa da yamma, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaba da motsa jiki na yara da ke shirye-shirye zuwa ayyukan yawo da ake buƙata.[1]Kamar yadda aka fi sani da PBS don yin, PBS Kids ta watsa shirye-shiryen shigo da su daga wasu ƙasashe; waɗannan sun haɗa da jerin Burtaniya da BBC da ITV suka fara watsawa. Ta hanyar gidan talabijin na jama'a na Amurka, yawancin tashoshin PBS sun fara watsa shirye-shiryen Australiya Raggs a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2007. Wasu daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka watsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin yara na sabis ɗin ko ta hanyar watsa shirye-shirye na jama'a kai tsaye ga membobinta daga baya an haɗa su zuwa tashoshin talabijin na kasuwanci (kamar Ghostwriter da The Magic School Bus).Yawancin tashoshin membobin PBS da cibiyoyin sadarwa - gami da watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a na Mississippi (MHSAA), watsa shirye-sauyen jama'ar Georgia (GHSA), Maine Public Broadcasting Network (MPA), Iowa PBS (IGHSAU), Nebraska Public Media (NSAA), da WKYU-TV (Western Kentucky Hilltoppers) - suna watsa shirye-aikacen makarantar sakandare da wasanni na kwaleji. Daga shekarun 1980 zuwa gaba, cibiyar sadarwa ta PBS ta kasa ba ta yawan gudanar da abubuwan wasanni ba, galibi saboda haƙƙin watsa shirye-shiryen ga yawancin abubuwan wasanni sun zama mafi tsada a wannan lokacin, musamman ga masu zaman kansu da ke da iyakance damar samun kudin shiga; Bugu da ƙari, farawa da ƙaddamar da MountainWest Sports Network (yanzu ya ɓace) da Big Ten Network a cikin 2006 da 2007 da ƙaddamarwar Pac-12 Network da ESPN's SEC Network da ACC Network, sun sami haƙƙin amfani da duk tashoshin wasanni na membobinsu na jami'ar su PBS, har ma da ke da su.Daga 1976 zuwa 1989, KQED ta samar da jerin wasannin Bundesliga a karkashin tutar Soccer Made a Jamus, tare da Toby Charles yana sanar da shi. PBS kuma ta dauki abubuwan wasan tennis, da kuma kwallon kafa na Ivy League. Shahararrun masu sharhi game da kwallon kafa sun hada da Upton Bell, Marty Glickman, Bob Casciola, Brian Dowling, Sean McDonough da Jack Corrigan . [1] Sauran shirye-shiryen wasanni sun haɗa da jerin tambayoyin kamar The Way It Was da The Sporting Life . [2]Kwamitin daraktoci yana da alhakin gudanarwa da saita manufofi ga PBS, wanda ya kunshi mambobi 27: daraktoci masu sana'a 14 (manajojin tashar), manyan daraktoci 12 (daraktocin waje), da shugaban PBS. [1] Dukkanin mambobin kwamitin PBS suna aiki na shekaru uku, ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba.[1] Tashoshin membobin PBS suna zaɓar daraktocin ƙwararru 14; kwamitin yana zaɓar manyan daraktoci 12 kuma yana nada shugaban PBS da Shugaba; kuma duk kwamitin yana zaɓin jami'anta.[2]{{stub}} [[Rukuni:Kamfanoni]] 5lolbpg0nlo878ko8jxoqyi3ast2czg 0 150182 970528 892497 2026-10-22T23:43:49Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lens - Nice (23-01-2021) 36 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Khéphren Thuram-Ulien''' (an haife shi ranar 26 ga Maris, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Faransa. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan tsakiya masu ƙarfi da fasaha a ƙwallon ƙafar Turai saboda haɗa ƙarfin jiki, iya rike ƙwallo da kuma taimakawa wajen kai hari da kare gida. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Thuram a garin Reggio Emilia na ƙasar Italiya lokacin da mahaifinsa, tsohon shahararren ɗan wasan Faransa [[Lilian Thuram]], yake taka leda a kungiyar Parma. Ya taso ne a cikin iyali mai cike da tarihi a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa, domin yayansa [[Marcus Thuram]] shima ƙwararren ɗan wasa ne da ke taka wa Faransa da Inter [[Milano|Milan]] leda. Sunan “Khéphren” ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani tsohon sarkin Masar na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram - Personal life|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai wajen buga ƙwallo, abin da ya sa ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Clairefontaine, wacce ta shahara wajen fitar da manyan 'yan wasan Faransa. Daga nan ne ya fara samun ci gaba a fagen fasaha da dabarun wasa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/khephren-thuram-is-a-juventus-player|title=Khephren Thuram is a Juventus player!|website=Juventus}}</ref> == Aikin kungiya == === Monaco === Thuram ya fara taka leda a makarantar matasa ta [[Monaco]] bayan ya bar Boulogne-Billancourt. Ya fara buga wasan ƙwararru na farko a kungiyar Monaco a gasar UEFA Champions League a shekarar 2018 lokacin da suka kara da Atlético Madrid. Duk da cewa bai samu damar buga wasanni da yawa ba a Monaco, ya nuna bajinta da karfin jiki da ya sa manyan kungiyoyi suka fara bibiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram - Club career|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Nice === A shekarar 2019 Thuram ya koma kungiyar Nice bayan karewar kwangilarsa da Monaco. Wannan mataki ya kasance babbar dama a gare shi domin ya samu yawan lokacin buga wasa. Ya fara nuna bajintarsa a Ligue 1 inda yake taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsakiyar fili ta fuskar kare gida da kuma taimakawa kai hari. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram - Nice career|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Nice, Thuram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan 'yan wasan tsakiya a Faransa. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar kaiwa wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de France a shekarar 2022, kuma ya kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi yawan buga wasa a kungiyar. Salon wasansa mai haɗa kuzari, iya cin ƙwallo da kuma tsaron gida ya sa aka fara danganta shi da manyan kungiyoyin Turai ciki har da Paris Saint-Germain da Liverpool. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/teams/first-team-men/squad/khephren-thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram profile|website=Juventus}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2022–23 an saka shi cikin tawagar mafi kyawun 'yan wasa ta Ligue 1 saboda rawar da ya taka a kungiyar Nice. Wannan yabo ya ƙara tabbatar da cewa yana daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan 'yan wasan tsakiya a gasar Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram honours|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Juventus === A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, Thuram ya koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Komawarsa Juventus ya kasance tamkar dawowa gida saboda mahaifinsa Lilian Thuram ya taba yin fice sosai a kungiyar shekaru da dama da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/khephren-thuram-is-a-juventus-player|title=Khephren Thuram is a Juventus player!|website=Juventus}}</ref> Tun bayan zuwansa Juventus, Thuram ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa a Serie A inda ya zama muhimmiyar gada tsakanin tsaro da kai hari. Ƙarfinsa wajen kwato ƙwallaye da kuma iya tafiya da ƙwallo daga tsakiyar fili sun sa magoya baya suke ganin zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Turai nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/teams/first-team-men/squad/khephren-thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram stats|website=Juventus}}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Thuram ya wakilci Faransa a matakan matasa daban-daban kamar U16, U17, U18, U19 da U21. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan 'yan wasan Faransa da ake sa ran za su taka rawa sosai a manyan gasa na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram - International career|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> A shekarar 2023 ya samu kiran farko zuwa babbar tawagar ƙasar Faransa karkashin Didier Deschamps domin wasannin neman gurbin Euro 2024. Ya fara buga wa tawagar Faransa wasa a karawar da suka yi da [[Holand|Netherlands]] inda suka yi nasara da ci 4–0. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=France call-up for Khéphren Thuram|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Khéphren Thuram sananne ne saboda tsawonsa, ƙarfinsa da kuma iya tafiyar da ƙwallo cikin nutsuwa. Yana iya taka rawa a matsayin mai kare tsakiya ko kuma ɗan wasan da ke kai hari daga baya. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa suna kwatanta salon wasansa da na [[Paul Pogba]] saboda yadda yake haɗa ƙarfin jiki da fasaha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/nov/27/khephren-thuram-on-father-lilian-its-a-beautiful-thing-listening-to-him-makes-me-grow|title=Khéphren Thuram interview|website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Nice === * Wanda ya zo na biyu a Coupe de France: 2021–22 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram honours|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Kyaututtuka na mutum ɗaya === * UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2022–23 * Serie A Player of the Month: Mayu 2025 * Serie A Team of the Season: 2024–25 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram|title=Khéphren Thuram individual awards|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.juventus.com/en/teams/first-team-men/squad/khephren-thuram Khéphren Thuram a shafin Juventus] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9phren_Thuram Khéphren Thuram a Wikipedia ta Turanci] 3rmftuuynqv0i0ynz7qnb9m9ttiz0a8 0 155541 970530 849970 2026-10-22T23:44:58Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Ovia''' ko '''kogin Osse''' wani magudanar ruwa ne da aka dade a yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, yana ratsa jihohin; Kogi, Ondo da Edo, kafin a kwashe su cikin [[tekun Guinea]]. Ruwan ruwanta ya kai kusan kilomita 120 (mil 75) ta wurare daban-daban.<ref>Wesler, Kit W. (1998). Historical Archaeology in Nigeria. Africa World Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-86543-610-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>"|| DUBRI OIL COMPANY LIMITED ||". www.dubri.com. Archived from the original on 2022-12-04. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> == Geography == Kogin Ovia (Osse) ya samo asali ne daga yankin tsaunukan Apata na yankin ƙasar Yarbawa, yanki ne mai laushi mara kyau da kuma tuddai masu birgima a yamma da mahaɗar Neja da Benue da kuma arewacin garin Kabba da ke yankin tsakanin [[Ekiti|jihohin Ekiti]] da Kogi na Najeriya a yau.<ref>"Nigeria Physical Setting: Relief and drainage | Tansi International College, Awka". tansicollege.edu.ng. Retrieved 16 September 2024</ref> Wannan magudanar ruwa kuma shi ne mabubbugar koguna daban-daban a yankin da suka hada da kogin Ogun da Osun. Daga nan ne kogin ya fara tafiyarsa zuwa kudu, ya fara bi ta [[Kogi|jihar Kogi]], daga nan sai ya kafa iyakokin kananan hukumomi tsakanin Ondo da jihar Edo ta arewa kafin ya sake shiga jihar Edo ta kudu inda ya hade da babbar koginsa; Kogin Ogbese kafin ya shiga cikin ƙananan bakin Benin Estuary a cikin Gulf of Guinea.<ref>Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : Inside One Year of Edo State Pictorial : Special Attractions. Eribo. 1997. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>"Asaba Waterfront City: Obaigbena, Elumelu and Ovia". TheCable. 2023-06-07. Archived from the original on 2023-09-04. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref><ref>"The Okada region: An ethnographic reader-law and custom" (PDF). International Journal of Applied Research. 4 (1): 609–623. eISSN 2394-5869. ISSN 2394-7500. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> == Tatsuniyoyi da Tarihi == Tatsuniyar Edo ya ba da labarin labarun Ovia, wata mace daga ƙauyen Uhen da aka sani da kyawunta mai girma da ƙa'idodi marasa karkata.<ref>"BAR International Series". British Archaeological Reports (215–216): 314. 1978. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-86054-275-9</nowiki>. Retrieved 24 September 2024</ref> Ta sha alwashin cewa za ta auri sarki ne kawai, inda ta kafa wa masu nemanta kyawawan halaye. A cikin ƙasa mai nisa, Sarkin Oyo ya sami labarin sha'awar Ovia kuma ya nemi ya mai da ita sarauniya. Iyayen Ovia sun yarda da ƙungiyar, suna ba ta kayan asiri, gami da tukunyar ruwa mai kariya, abokiyar kare, da aku. Zaman Ovia a masarautar Oyo ya gamu da kalubale da suka hada da hassada a tsakanin matan sarki, wanda ya haifar da zarge-zargen rashin adalci da hada baki don bata sunan Ovia. Babbar matar ta ƙirƙiro dabarar wayo, inda ta tara matayenta don wani balaguron farautar katantanwa. A lokacin balaguron farautar katantanwa, abokan aurenta sun dauki kwano da su, Ovia duk da haka ta zabi ta ajiye katantanwa a cikin farar rigarta. Fararen kyalle na Ovia ya zama ƙazanta da ragowar katantanwa. Da ta koma fadar, Ovia ta fuskanci zarge-zargen rashin adalci na dauke da wata cuta, abin da ya janyo wulakanci ga jama'a. Bak'in ciki ya lullu6eta ta nemi kwanciyar hankali a d'akinta, inda hawayenta ke zubowa kamar kogi. Abin sha'awa, hawayenta ne suka cika tukunyar sufancin mahaifinta da ya yi mata baiwa da ta zo da ita. An yi imanin cewa kogin Ovia a halin yanzu yana gudana ta yammacin yankin Edo kuma yana nuna sadaukarwarta da rikidewa zuwa wata babbar baiwar Allah ta zaman lafiya da wadata a cikin al'adun Benin. An kafa wani biki na shekara-shekara, wanda a cikinsa aka haramta wa mata halartar bikin don girmama ta.<ref>Hellermann, Pauline von (1 September 2013). Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria. Berghahn Books. p. 39. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-85745-990-9</nowiki>. Retrieved 24 September 2024.</ref> Tarihin kogin Ovia yana da alaƙa sosai da al'adun Nijeriya, wanda ya wuce ƙarni.<ref>Egharevba, Jacob U. (1960). A Short History of Benin. Ibadan University Press. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Darling P (1984). "BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 155". BAR. British Archaeological Reports. <nowiki>ISBN 9780860542759</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> === Muhimmancin al'adu === Kogin Ovia yana da mahimmancin al'adu da ruhaniya a yankin.<ref>"The myth about the river and cult of Ovia in Edo (Bini) | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution". collections.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2023-09-05. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Bisa ga imani na gida, Ovia mace ce kyakkyawa da ta rikide zuwa kogin, wanda ya zama kogi mafi girma a cikin masarautar Benin.<ref>Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Nigeria: The Ovia cult; its membership, doctrine, rituals, ceremonies and initiation, consequences for refusing to join, and consequences for breaching the oath of secrecy". Refworld. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref><ref>"Udo Town Wall". csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Ana bauta mata a cikin al'ummomi da yawa, amma akwai tsauraran al'adu a wurin. Ba a yarda mata su shiga cikin tsarkakkunta na alfarma.<ref>Western State of Nigeria (1962). "Annual Volume of the Laws of the Western State of Nigeria". WNLN. 37. Government Printer: B-67, B-305. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2019</ref><ref>Adler, Philip J.; Pouwels, Randall L. (2016-09-28). World Civilizations. Cengage Learning. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-337-51764-5</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Dennett, Richard Edward (1968). At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa. Psychology Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7146-1653-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref> <ref>Egharevba J U (1949). Benin Law and custom. Niger Press. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref>A lokacin bikin Ovia, wani muhimmin bangare na al'adun kogin, mafi yawan maza a cikin al'umma suna shiga keɓancewa a cikin tsaunukan da ke kusa da wurin ibada na lokuta daban-daban, daga mako ɗaya zuwa watanni uku.<ref>The Nigerian Field. Nigerian Field Society. 1975. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Suna sanya abin rufe fuska kuma suna fitowa lokaci-lokaci don yin rawa, galibi cikin kayan ado.<ref>Osemwowa U (2000). The customary law of the Binis. Fine-Fare Int'l. Coy. p. 93. <nowiki>ISBN 9789783511460</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2019.</ref><ref>Schaefer, Ronald P.; Egbokhare, Francis O. (2000). Oral Tradition Narratives of the Emai People. LIT Verlag Münster. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-4030-3</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref> Kowane dan rawa yana wakiltar ruhin masu bautar da suka gabata, kuma kowannensu yana kama da kakannin kakanninsu.<ref>Osadolor B O (2001). The Military System of the Benin Kingdom, c.1440 – 1897 (PDF). Doctoral dissertation. University of Hamburg, Germany. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref><ref>Walker R (2006). When We Ruled: Oba Ewuare the Great of Benin (ruled c.1440-c.1473 AD). Reklaw Education Ltd. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> An yi imani da cewa waɗannan ruhohin suna nan a bakin kofa tsakanin duniyar bayyane da daula mai tsarki.<ref>Water-supply Paper. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>"Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades". www.edoworld.net. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Ana gudanar da bukukuwan ne da hani da hani daban-daban, inda al'umma ke kiyaye haramcin jima'i da husuma a wannan lokaci.<ref>Wesler and Allsworth-Jones (1998). Historical Archaeology in Nigeria. African World Press. pp. 176–177, 188–189. <nowiki>ISBN 9780865436107</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2019.</ref><ref>Osemwekha E I (2019). Gele-Gele: A Historical Landmark Of The Ancient Bight Of Benin. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> An haramta wa mata taba masu yin abin rufe fuska ko shiga cikin ayyukansu.<ref>Ero, Osayomwanbo Osemwegie (2003). The History of Benin: Ogiso Dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD. Nosa Computers. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-31533-7-0</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Bikin Ovia yana nuna raye-raye, tare da bugun sandunan Ikpasa, tafawa, da waƙoƙi.<ref>"University of Birmingham Staff Papers: Papers of Robert Elwyn Bradbury - Archives Hub". archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Bikin ya ƙare a cikin obodo, mataki na wasan kwaikwayo na acrobatic.<ref>Dennett, Richard Edward (1968). At the Back of the Black Man's Mind: Or Notes on the Kingly Office in West Africa. Psychology Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7146-1653-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>"Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades". www.edoworld.net. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Haka kuma biki lokaci ne da al’umma za su taru su bayyana hadin kai.<ref>Egharevba, Jacob U. (1949). Benin Law and Custom. Niger Press. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref><ref>Geographic.com (1994). Benin River: Nigeria. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> An yi la'akari da albarka da la'anar da ake nema daga Ovia yayin bikin musamman mai ƙarfi.<ref>"Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades". ''www.edoworld.net''. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref><ref>Nigeria Zip Codes (2019). "List of Towns and Villages in Ovia North East LGA". Nigeria Zip Codes. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2019.</ref><ref>Adodoh K G A (2016). A Compendium of The Benin Dynasty and Answers to The Ife Connection. Kenosa Books Resort Ltd Benin City.</ref><ref>Darling P (1984). "BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 188". BAR. British Archaeological Reports. <nowiki>ISBN 9780865436107</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> A karshen wannan biki, matan al’umma sun yi rawan Agbala, wanda ke nuni da komawar mazaje zuwa ga hakika.<ref>AGBEJA, ADETOGUN, ADEJOBA & OSUNSINA (2018). "COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS FOR DYNAMIC RESTORATION OF FOREST ESTATE IN NIGERIA" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2nd Commonwealth Forestry Association, Nigeria Chapter. Debo Prints: 186–187. Retrieved 2 March 2020.[dead link]</ref><ref>Odilu G (2019). Assessment of Rural Youth Migration in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State. Afribary. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> An kammala bikin ne da yin sulhu a tsakanin ma'aurata, tare da karfafa muhimmancin hadin kai a tsakanin al'umma.<ref>Office, United States Hydrographic (1932). Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope. U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>"Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades". www.edoworld.net. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> === Zamanin mulkin mallaka (kimanin 14th - 19th century) === Kogin Ovia ya yi aiki azaman shimfiɗar al'adun ƴan asali da al'ummomi na tsararraki.<ref>Idubor N E (2016). "The legacies of Oba Ewuare the Great". Facebook. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</ref><ref>Egharevba J U (1946). Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin. Kraus Reprint. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> Bankunanta masu ɗorewa sun ba da shaidar haɓaka da faɗuwar kabilu daban-daban, musamman mutanen Bini da Esan.<ref>El-Sheekh, Mostafa; Elsaied, Hosam Easa (2023-02-15). Lakes of Africa: Microbial Diversity and Sustainability. Elsevier. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-323-95528-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Akinola, G. A. (1976). "The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: A Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 8 (3): 21–36. ISSN 0018-2540. JSTOR 41971248. Archived from the original on 2023-09-04. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Wadannan al'ummomi sun kafa matsugunai, suna dogaro da falalar kogin don ciyarwa.<ref>Roese and Bondarenko (2003). A popular history of Benin: the rise and fall of a mighty forest kingdom. Lang P. <nowiki>ISBN 9783631504727</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2019.</ref><ref>Nigeria (1923). The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1st Day of January, 1923, and the Orders, Proclamations, Rules, Regulations and Bye-laws Made Thereunder, in Force on the 1st Day of May, 1923, and the Principal Imperial Statutes, Orders in Council, Letters Patent and Royal Instructions Relating to Nigeria. Government Printer. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref> Kogin Ovia ya zama tushen rayuwar noma, tare da ƙasa mai albarka da ambaliyar ruwa ke ciyar da ita a kowace shekara, yana haɓaka haɓakar doya, rogo, da amfanin gona iri-iri waɗanda suka ci gaba da ci gaban al'ummar yankin.<ref>Hellermann, Pauline von (2013-09-01). Things Fall Apart?: The Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Southern Nigeria. Berghahn Books. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-85745-990-9</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Office, United States Hydrographic (1952). Publications ... U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Ministry of Home Affairs and Information (1972). Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs. MHAI. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref><ref>Edo State Government (2017). Edo Govt to re-brand culture, tourism assets. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref><ref>Omoregie S B (1972). Emotan and the Kings of Benin. Longman Group (Far East) Ltd. <nowiki>ISBN 9780582609259</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Kogin yana riƙe da mahimmancin ruhaniya.<ref>Jungwirth M (1968). "Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 135". Verlag Notring. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2020.</ref><ref>Ajayi, S. S. (2005). "CASE STUDY 2: MULTIPURPOSE FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR BUSHMEAT PRODUCTION: A SUCCESS STORY FROM WEST AFRICA" (PDF). Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management. FAO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.</ref> Tatsuniyoyi na cikin gida suna cike da tatsuniyoyi na gumakan kogi da ruhohi, tare da al'adu da bukukuwan da ake yi a gabar tekun ta don kwantar da hankula da neman tagomashi daga waɗannan ma'abota girman kai.<ref>Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2014-03-05). Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-134-25986-1</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Omoregie S B (1997). Great Benin: The age of Ikaladerhan. Neraso Publishers. <nowiki>ISBN 9789782734358</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> Kasuwanci ya bunƙasa a kan hanyar kogin, yana haɗa al'ummomin cikin ƙasa da hanyoyin kasuwanci na bakin teku. Kogin Ovia ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci, yana sauƙaƙe musayar kayan aikin gona da sana'a.<ref>Francis, Abai (10 March 1939). "IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history)". IJAWS IN EDO STATE(history) - Wap.org.ng. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.</ref><ref>Omoregie, S. B. (1972). Emotan and the Kings of Benin. Longman. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-582-60925-9</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Kogin kogin ya cika da kasuwanni da sansanonin kasuwanci inda hauren giwaye, kayan yaji, da kayan kawanya suka yi musayar hannuwa, lamarin da ya jawo ‘yan kasuwa daga yankuna masu nisa.<ref>Noriode, Rukeme M.; Idowu, Emmanuel T.; Otubanjo, Olubunmi A.; Mafe, Margaret A. (2018-05-01). "Urinary schistosomiasis in school aged children of two rural endemic communities in Edo State, Nigeria". Journal of Infection and Public Health. 11 (3): 384–388. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.012. ISSN 1876-0341. <nowiki>PMID 28970097</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Adler, Philip J.; Pouwels, Randall L. (2016-12-05). World Civilizations: Volume I: To 1700. Cengage Learning. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-337-51765-2</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref> === Tasirin mulkin mallaka (ƙarni na 19 - 20) === Zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a karni na 19 ya ba da sanarwar manyan canje-canje tare da kogin Ovia.<ref>Jungwirth M (1968). "Benin in den Jahren 1485–1700, Page 136, 137". Verlag Notring. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2020.</ref><ref>Edo State Government (2020). Arts, Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020</ref> Biritaniya, musamman, sun fahimci mahimmancin dabarunsa kuma sun kafa ƙauyuka irin su Benin City tare da bankunanta.<ref>Olupona J K (2000). African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions. World spirituality, v. 3. Crossroad, New York. p. 134.</ref><ref>Marin, Feau and Joubert (1997). ''Art du Nigeria: collection du Musée des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie''. Reunion des musees nationaux, Paris.</ref><ref>Ekhuosuehi A (2017). "Sacredness Of Ovia Masquerades". Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> Wannan ya nuna farkon sabon zamani yayin da masu mulkin mallaka suka sanya tsarin mulkinsu a yankin.<ref>Office, United States Hydrographic (1952). Publications ... U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Egharevba J U (1953). A short history of Benin. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> Muhimmancin kogin a lokacin mulkin mallaka ya wuce ciniki. Ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci ta sufuri, tare da tuhume-tuhumen da ke yawo cikin ruwansa.<ref>Office, United States Hydrographic (1932). Sailing Directions for the Southwest Coast of Africa: From Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope. U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref> Waɗannan jiragen ruwa sun haɗa al'ummomin cikin ƙasa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na bakin teku, suna sauƙaƙe fitar da kayayyaki kamar dabino, roba, da katako.<ref>Egharevba J U (1960). A Short History of Benin. Ibadan University Press. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref><ref>CityDir.org (2020). "Unuame". Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> Kogin kogin ya samo asali ne tare da gina tashar jiragen ruwa, ɗakunan ajiya, da cibiyoyin gudanarwa.<ref>Victor & Fufeyin (1993). "Fish communities of a stretch of river affected by urban disturbance in Nigeria, Page 2". Tropical Zoology. 6 (1). Taylor & Francis Group: 1–10. doi:10.1080/03946975.1993.10539205.</ref><ref>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011). "Bight of Benin". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> Yayin da kasancewar mulkin mallaka ya kawo ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, shi ma ya gabatar da kalubale.<ref>ATTA (2017). Edo Govt to Re-Brand Culture, Tourism Assets. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref><ref>The Nation (2017). Edo to re-brand culture, tourism assets. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> Rikicin filaye da amfani da albarkatu sun zama batutuwa masu tada hankali yayin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka mamaye shi.<ref>Aisien E (2001). The Benin City pilgrimage stations. Aisien Publishers.</ref> Al'ummomin ƴan asalin ƙasar sun yi gwagwarmaya don riƙe ƙasarsu da hanyoyin rayuwar al'ada.<ref>Adodoh K G A (2016). A Compendium of The Benin Dynasty and Answers to The Ife Connection. Kenosa Books Resort Ltd Benin City.</ref><ref>Egharevba J U (1968). A Short History of Benin. Ibadan University Press. p. 26.</ref><ref>Ministry of Information, Social Development, Youth & Culture (1992). "Edo State of Nigeria: A Guide : One Year of Edo State (pictorial): Special Attractions". MISDYC. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> === Bayan samun yancin kai da zamani (ƙarni na 20 - yanzu) === 'Yancin Najeriya a 1960 ya zama sabon babi a tarihin kogin Ovia.<ref>Emeribe, Ogbomida, Fasipe, Biose, Aganmwonyi, Isiekwe & Fasipe (2016). "Hydrological Assessments of some Rivers in Edo State, Nigeria; for Small-Scale Hydropower Development". Nigerian J. Technol. 35 (3): 658–668. doi:10.4314/njt.v35i3.26. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref><ref>Ekuase S (2014). "A Brief History Of The Kingdom Of Benin". Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> An kafa tsarin noman noma, wanda ya inganta aikin noma da samar da abin dogaro ga manoma.<ref>Oliver R A (1965). Africa in the days of exploration. Prentice-Hall. <nowiki>ISBN 9780130184245</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2020.</ref><ref>Nyame A (1977). "Newsletter of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists in America". SAAA. Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref><ref>Olupona J K (2000). African spirituality : forms, meanings, and expressions. World spirituality, v. 3. Crossroad, New York. p. 134.</ref><ref>WAJA (1976). "West African Journal of Archaeology". Editorial Board of WAJA. 6–7: 144. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref> Ruwan kogin ya yi amfani da ƙananan ayyuka na samar da wutar lantarki, yana ba da gudummawa ga hasken wutar lantarki na yankunan da ke kusa.<ref>Nigerian Field Society (1975). "The Nigerian field". NFS. 40: 160. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref><ref>Ben-Amos P (1979). The Art of Benin. Rive Gauche Productions, Paris.</ref><ref>Edo World (2018). "Economy in Pre-Ogiso and Ogiso Eras". Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, wannan zamani ya kuma kawo kalubalen muhalli. Gaggawa cikin birane da haɓaka masana'antu sun haifar da gurɓatawar kogin, suna yin tasiri ga ingancin ruwa da rayuwar ruwa.<ref>Victor, Shikuku (2019-12-27). Effects of Emerging Chemical Contaminants on Water Resources and Environmental Health. IGI Global. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-7998-1873-1</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>WAJA (1976). "West African Journal of Archaeology". Editorial Board of WAJA. 6–7: 144. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> Ƙoƙarin kiyayewa, wanda hukumomin gwamnati da al'ummomin yankin ke jagoranta, na da nufin magance waɗannan matsalolin da kuma kare muhallin kogin.<ref>Ezra, Kate; N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York (1992). Royal Art of Benin: The Perls Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-87099-633-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>K Wesler and P Allsworth-Jones (1998). Historical Archaeology in Nigeria. African World Press. pp. 176–177. <nowiki>ISBN 9780865436107</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kogin Ovia ya sami karɓuwa a matsayin wurin mahimmancin muhalli.<ref>Connah G (2004). Forgotten Africa: An Introduction to Its Archaeology. Routledge. pp. 125–6.</ref><ref>BBC (2020). "The Kingdom of Benin". BBC Bitesize. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref> Kokarin kiyaye flora da namun daji daban-daban ya haifar da kafa wuraren kariya da namun daji a tsawon lokacinsa.<ref>Osemwengie-Ero O (2003). The history of Benin: Ogiso dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD. Nigeria: Nosa Computers. <nowiki>ISBN 9789783153370</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref><ref>Osamuyimen S (2000). Nigeria: The Edo of Benin. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</ref><ref>Darling P (1984). "BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p166". BAR. British Archaeological Reports. <nowiki>ISBN 9780860542759</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2020.</ref> Ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike na kimiya akan yanayin kogin, wanda ke ba da haske kan bambancin halittunsa na musamman da kuma muhimmancinsa.<ref>Bendel State of Nigeria (1979). "Traditional Rulers And Chiefs Edit, 1979". Bendel State of Nigeria Gazette. 16. Ministry of Information, Culture and Sports: A-139.</ref><ref>Darling P (1984). BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, Page 213. British Archaeological Reports. <nowiki>ISBN 9780860542759</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref><ref>Edo State Government (2019). "Edo People". Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.</ref> == Damuwar muhalli == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kogin Ovia ya fuskanci ƙalubalen muhalli, ciki har da gurɓatawar masana'antu da ayyukan noma.<ref>Darling P (1984). "BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, 213". BAR. British Archaeological Reports. <nowiki>ISBN 9780860542759</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</ref><ref>Osemwengie-Ero O (2003). The history of Benin: Ogiso dynasties, 40 BC - 1200 AD. Nigeria: Nosa Computers. <nowiki>ISBN 9789783153370</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-04.</ref> Ana ci gaba da kokarin kiyayewa da tsare-tsare na kiyaye muhallin kogin, da nufin kiyaye kyawawan dabi'unsa da muhimmancinsa.<ref>Thisweek. Thisweek. 1987. Archived from the original on 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2023-09-06.</ref><ref>Bradbury R E (1957). The Benin kingdom and the Edo-speaking peoples of south-western Nigeria. Ethnographic survey of Africa., Western Africa; pt. 13. International African Institute, London.</ref><ref>Darling P (1984). "BAR International Series, Issues 215-216, p473". BAR. British Archaeological Reports. <nowiki>ISBN 9780860542759</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2019.</ref> A cikin 2012, wani hatsarin mota ya faru a gadar Ovia River wanda ya shafi malaman jami'ar Igbinedion, Okada, wanda ya yi sanadin rasa rayukan mutane hudu a lokacin da wata mota ta fada cikin kogin.<ref>Television, Channels (7 September 2012). "VIDEO: Car crash kills four Igbinedion University lecturers". Channels Television. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.</ref><ref>"24 hours after accident, bodies of Igbinedion University lecturers not recovered". Premium Times. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.</ref> == Manazarta == 5j6k1673qzyauwnbif0j7xev5mlr0v5 0 155652 970406 850524 2026-10-22T15:53:39Z Salma Raddah 45959 970406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe''' ita ce mafi girman Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a duniya kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta amince da ita. [fn 1] Shafin ya rufe yanki na kilomita 65,696 (25,365 sq a yankin da ke kusa da Tafkin Tumba a yammacin [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). Wannan ya fi sau biyu girman [[Beljik|Belgium]] ko [[Maryland]]. Babban yanki na gandun daji da tabkuna na dindindin ko na yanayi da marshlands suna da babban darajar muhalli da tattalin arziki. Koyaya, yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri tare da rashin ƙarfi da cin hanci da rashawa na iya ba da gudummawa ga lalacewa marar juyawa. == Wurin da yake == Yankin Ramsar na Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe yana da iyaka zuwa yamma da kogin [[Kogin Ubangi|Ubangi]] da [[Congo]], waɗanda suka zama iyaka da Jamhuriyar [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]]. [[Kogin Kasai]] da [[Kogin Fimi]], wanda ke zubar da [[Tafkin Mai-Ndombe]], sun bayyana iyakar kudanci. A cikin shafin, Tafkin Mai Ngombe ya fi kudu, tare da Tafkin Tumba zuwa arewa. Har ila yau, arewacin shi ne birnin [[Mbandaka]], a gefen gabas na Kogin Kongo. Yankin da aka haɗa a cikin Ramsar wetlands ya kara arewacin yankin tsakanin Ubangi da Kongo, har zuwa garin Makanza a kan Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Logging concession different periods |url=http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2012-01-28 |publisher=Institute for Environmental Security}}</ref> == Muhalli == Kogin [[Kogin Ubangi|Ubangi]] da Congo sun haɗu a yankin Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe don samar da babban yanki na gandun daji mai ambaliyar ruwa wanda ya rufe fiye da kilomita 38,000 (15,000 sq wanda ya bambanta da girman lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin da aka haɗa wuraren da ke kusa da [[Tafkin Tele]] a Jamhuriyar [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]], yankin ya ƙunshi mafi girman ruwa mai kyau a Afirka. Yankunan biyu mafi girma na ruwa mai budewa sune tabkuna mai zurfi Tumba da [[Tafkin Mai-Ndombe|Mai Ndombe]] . Tafkin Tumba ya rufe kimanin kilomita 765 (295 sq dangane da [[Kabarin Tafkin|Kabari]], wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar tashar Irebu tare da kogin Kongo. Ruwa na iya shiga ko fita daga tafkin ta wannan tashar dangane da ambaliyar ruwa. Tafkin Tumba yana da nau'in kifi 114. Tafkin Mai Ndombe ya rufe kimanin kilomita 2,300 (890 sq kuma an kewaye shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Dukkanin tabkuna suna tallafawa muhimman kifi. Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe wani bangare ne na gandun daji mai zafi na Kogin Kongo, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan shuke-shuke sama da 10,000. Dabbobi daban-daban sun hada da nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa. Gida ce ga Hippopotamus da nau'ikan giwa guda uku. Giwaye na daji, buffalo na gandun daji da [[Damisa|leopards]] suna da sha'awa sosai ga masu kiyayewa. An kiyasta wuraren da ke da nau'in kifi 150. Ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa na gandun daji da aka ambaliya, tare da raguwar shuke-shuke da aka dakatar a cikin yanayin Anaerobic, gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi na musamman da suka dace da wannan yanayin. Wadannan sun hada da mambobi na Protopteridae, Polypteridae, Notopteridae, Clariidae, Anabantidae, da Channidae. == Manufofin == [[Fayil:Maindombe3.JPG|thumb|Gidaje a Tafkin Maï Ndombe]] A matsayin jam'iyya ga Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, an tilasta wa DRC gano wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da su ta hanyar da ta dace.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Absalom Shigwedha |date=August 1, 2009 |title=World’s largest wetland is under threat |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1879&no_cache=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234717/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1879&no_cache=1 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=2012-01-29}}</ref> Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe an dauke shi da mahimmanci saboda tsire-tsire na tafkin ambaliyar ruwa suna shan ruwa a lokacin ruwan sama kuma suna sake shi daga baya, suna daidaita ambaliyar ƙasa. Yana taimakawa wajen tace ƙazanta daga ruwa wanda miliyoyin mutane ke amfani da shi, kuma yana ba da wuraren kiwo ga kifi waɗanda ke ba da abinci ga mazaunan biranen kamar Brazzaville da [[Kinshasa]]. Yankunan ruwa da gandun daji suma suna aiki ne a matsayin babban sink na carbon, shanyewa da riƙe carbon dioxide daga yanayi. Kokarin samun karbuwa na wuri mai laushi ya fara ne a shekara ta 2004, tare da tallafi daga Shirin Yankin Afirka ta Tsakiya na Amurka don Muhalli, Yarjejeniyar Ramsar da Asusun Duniya don Yanayi (WWF). WWF ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa tsare-tsaren fasaha. An sanar da amincewar hukuma a [[Kinshasa]] a watan Yulin shekara ta 2008. WWF ta ce tana shirin ci gaba da aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na duniya da kuma al'ummomin yankin don adana bambancin halittu ta hanyar ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin wuri mai faɗi. Gidan ajiyar Lac Tumba-Ledira da Ngiri suna cikin shafin, suna tallafawa bincike da taimakawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a. == Mutanen da tattalin arziki == [[Fayil:Maindombe4.JPG|thumb|Yara a gefen tafkin Maï Ndombe]] Birnin [[Mbandaka]], babban birnin lardin Équateur tare da yawan jama'a kusan 750,000, yana kusa da tsakiyar shafin Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe. Shafin kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan garuruwa da yawa, galibi Mutanen Mongo ne. Al'ummomi a yankin suna shuka maniyyi, dankali mai zaki, sukari da ayaba don amfani da gida. Suna samar da man dabino, groundnuts da shinkafa a matsayin amfanin gona, kuma suna kama kifi don jigilar su zuwa manyan birane a yankin. Mutanen yankin suna da matukar talauci kuma suna fama da rikice-rikicen gida da rashin tsaro na abinci. 'Yan sanda 26 da akalla fararen hula 100 sun mutu, kuma dubban dubbai sun rasa muhallinsu, a cikin [[Rikicin Dongo]] na 2009 game da kamun kifi da haƙƙin noma a arewa maso yammacin Equateur. Yawan jama'ar yankin yana ƙaruwa a kusan 3% a kowace shekara, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar a duniya, yana sanya damuwa mai girma akan albarkatun ƙasa. Koyaya, yankin har yanzu yana da ƙarancin jama'a tare da mazauna 6-24 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Kimanin kashi 90% na mutanen da ke wajen cibiyoyin birane suna rayuwa a kasa da $ 1 a kowace rana, kuma kaɗan ne ke da damar samun ruwa mai tsabta. Yawan mace-mace da jarirai suna da yawa kuma cututtuka kamar tarin fuka, zazzabin cizon sauro da HIV / AIDS sun yadu. == Dubi kuma == Canjin yanayi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo == Manazarta == lgps12k0jehyzizx3l31lda6uwc6bjk 970407 970406 2026-10-22T15:56:43Z Salma Raddah 45959 970407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe''' ita ce mafi girman Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a duniya kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta amince da ita. [fn 1] Shafin ya rufe yanki na kilomita 65,696 (25,365 sq a yankin da ke kusa da Tafkin Tumba a yammacin [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). Wannan ya fi sau biyu girman [[Beljik|Belgium]] ko [[Maryland]]. Babban yanki na gandun daji da tabkuna na dindindin ko na yanayi da marshlands suna da babban darajar muhalli da tattalin arziki. Koyaya, yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri tare da rashin ƙarfi da cin hanci da rashawa na iya ba da gudummawa ga lalacewa marar juyawa. == Wurin da yake == Yankin Ramsar na Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe yana da iyaka zuwa yamma da kogin [[Kogin Ubangi|Ubangi]] da [[Congo]], waɗanda suka zama iyaka da Jamhuriyar [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]]. [[Kogin Kasai]] da [[Kogin Fimi]], wanda ke zubar da [[Tafkin Mai-Ndombe]], sun bayyana iyakar kudanci. A cikin shafin, Tafkin Mai Ngombe ya fi kudu, tare da Tafkin Tumba zuwa arewa. Har ila yau, arewacin shi ne birnin [[Mbandaka]], a gefen gabas na Kogin Kongo. Yankin da aka haɗa a cikin Ramsar wetlands ya kara arewacin yankin tsakanin Ubangi da Kongo, har zuwa garin Makanza a kan Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Logging concession different periods |url=http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2012-01-28 |publisher=Institute for Environmental Security}}</ref> == Muhalli == Kogin [[Kogin Ubangi|Ubangi]] da Congo sun haɗu a yankin Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe don samar da babban yanki na gandun daji mai ambaliyar ruwa wanda ya rufe fiye da kilomita 38,000 (15,000 sq wanda ya bambanta da girman lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin da aka haɗa wuraren da ke kusa da [[Tafkin Tele]] a Jamhuriyar [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]], yankin ya ƙunshi mafi girman ruwa mai kyau a Afirka. Yankunan biyu mafi girma na ruwa mai budewa sune tabkuna mai zurfi Tumba da [[Tafkin Mai-Ndombe|Mai Ndombe]].Tafkin Tumba ya rufe kimanin kilomita 765 (295 sq dangane da [[Kabarin Tafkin|Kabari]], wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar tashar Irebu tare da kogin Kongo. Ruwa na iya shiga ko fita daga tafkin ta wannan tashar dangane da ambaliyar ruwa. Tafkin Tumba yana da nau'in kifi 114.Tafkin Mai Ndombe ya rufe kimanin kilomita 2,300 (890 sq kuma an kewaye shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Dukkanin tabkuna suna tallafawa muhimman kifi. Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe wani bangare ne na gandun daji mai zafi na Kogin Kongo, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan shuke-shuke sama da 10,000. Dabbobi daban-daban sun hada da nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa. Gida ce ga Hippopotamus da nau'ikan giwa guda uku. Giwaye na daji, buffalo na gandun daji da [[Damisa|leopards]] suna da sha'awa sosai ga masu kiyayewa. An kiyasta wuraren da ke da nau'in kifi 150. Ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa na gandun daji da aka ambaliya, tare da raguwar shuke-shuke da aka dakatar a cikin yanayin Anaerobic, gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi na musamman da suka dace da wannan yanayin. Wadannan sun hada da mambobi na Protopteridae, Polypteridae, Notopteridae, Clariidae, Anabantidae, da Channidae. == Manufofin == [[Fayil:Maindombe3.JPG|thumb|Gidaje a Tafkin Maï Ndombe]] A matsayin jam'iyya ga Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, an tilasta wa DRC gano wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da su ta hanyar da ta dace.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Absalom Shigwedha |date=August 1, 2009 |title=World’s largest wetland is under threat |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1879&no_cache=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234717/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1879&no_cache=1 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=2012-01-29}}</ref> Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe an dauke shi da mahimmanci saboda tsire-tsire na tafkin ambaliyar ruwa suna shan ruwa a lokacin ruwan sama kuma suna sake shi daga baya, suna daidaita ambaliyar ƙasa. Yana taimakawa wajen tace ƙazanta daga ruwa wanda miliyoyin mutane ke amfani da shi, kuma yana ba da wuraren kiwo ga kifi waɗanda ke ba da abinci ga mazaunan biranen kamar Brazzaville da [[Kinshasa]]. Yankunan ruwa da gandun daji suma suna aiki ne a matsayin babban sink na carbon, shanyewa da riƙe carbon dioxide daga yanayi. Kokarin samun karbuwa na wuri mai laushi ya fara ne a shekara ta 2004, tare da tallafi daga Shirin Yankin Afirka ta Tsakiya na Amurka don Muhalli, Yarjejeniyar Ramsar da Asusun Duniya don Yanayi (WWF). WWF ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa tsare-tsaren fasaha. An sanar da amincewar hukuma a [[Kinshasa]] a watan Yulin shekara ta 2008. WWF ta ce tana shirin ci gaba da aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na duniya da kuma al'ummomin yankin don adana bambancin halittu ta hanyar ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin wuri mai faɗi. Gidan ajiyar Lac Tumba-Ledira da Ngiri suna cikin shafin, suna tallafawa bincike da taimakawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a. == Mutanen da tattalin arziki == [[Fayil:Maindombe4.JPG|thumb|Yara a gefen tafkin Maï Ndombe]] Birnin [[Mbandaka]], babban birnin lardin Équateur tare da yawan jama'a kusan 750,000, yana kusa da tsakiyar shafin Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe. Shafin kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan garuruwa da yawa, galibi Mutanen Mongo ne. Al'ummomi a yankin suna shuka maniyyi, dankali mai zaki, sukari da ayaba don amfani da gida. Suna samar da man dabino, groundnuts da shinkafa a matsayin amfanin gona, kuma suna kama kifi don jigilar su zuwa manyan birane a yankin. Mutanen yankin suna da matukar talauci kuma suna fama da rikice-rikicen gida da rashin tsaro na abinci. 'Yan sanda 26 da akalla fararen hula 100 sun mutu, kuma dubban dubbai sun rasa muhallinsu, a cikin [[Rikicin Dongo]] na 2009 game da kamun kifi da haƙƙin noma a arewa maso yammacin Equateur. Yawan jama'ar yankin yana ƙaruwa a kusan 3% a kowace shekara, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar a duniya, yana sanya damuwa mai girma akan albarkatun ƙasa. Koyaya, yankin har yanzu yana da ƙarancin jama'a tare da mazauna 6-24 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Kimanin kashi 90% na mutanen da ke wajen cibiyoyin birane suna rayuwa a kasa da $ 1 a kowace rana, kuma kaɗan ne ke da damar samun ruwa mai tsabta. Yawan mace-mace da jarirai suna da yawa kuma cututtuka kamar tarin fuka, zazzabin cizon sauro da HIV / AIDS sun yadu. == Dubi kuma == Canjin yanayi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo == Manazarta == cfp162gnwrl0p9ks96ggixca2stx8sp 0 156150 970563 852238 2026-10-23T09:09:10Z Nura Bello 24854 970563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fitar da hanci''' shine aikin fitar da majina (mucus) na hanci ta hanyar fitar da karfi ta hanci. Wannan yawanci ana yin sa ne a cikin nama na fuska ko takalma, ƙwayoyin fuska sun fi tsabta yayin da aka zubar da su bayan kowane amfani yayin da takalma suka fi taushi kuma sun fi dacewa da muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Blow Your Nose |url=https://www.wikihow.com/Blow-Your-Nose |access-date=2019-05-03 |website=wikiHow}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da hanci don rage ƙuƙwalwar hanci (hanci mai laushi) ko rhinorrhea (hanci) wanda ya haifar da [[Mura|sanyi]], rashin lafiyan yanayi, fitar da mucus mai yawa na hanci wanda aka kirkira daga [[Kuka (Emotion)|kuka]] ko fitar da abubuwan da ke damun hanci. == Hanyar da ake amfani da ita == Ana riƙe nama ko takalmin hannu a hankali a kan hanci. Kafin hura hanci, numfashi mai zurfi ta baki ko hanci yana ba da iska da ake buƙata don fitar da majina (mucus) na hanci. Zubar da karfi ta hanyar hanci biyu a lokaci guda (ko, idan hanci daya ne kawai ke gudana, kawai hanci da ya shafa) zai fitar da mucus yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teachers' Zone {{!}} Sneezesafe® AU |url=https://www.sneezesafe.com.au/teachers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306165623/http://www.sneezesafe.com.au/teachers/ |archive-date=2019-03-06 |access-date=2019-05-03 |website=Sneezesafe}}</ref> Ana iya buƙatar maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa don isasshen share dukkan hanci. == Tasirin lafiya == Duk da yake yin amfani da hanci yana taimakawa wajen rage alamun sanyi da hayfever na yau da kullun, idan aka yi shi da yawa ko ba daidai ba zai iya kawo mummunar tasirin kiwon lafiya. Fitar da hanci yana haifar da matsin lamba a cikin hanci.[1] Lokacin da aka kara wannan matsin lamba a hanci mai bushe, zai iya fashe jijiyoyin jini a cikin hanci, wanda ke haifar da zubar da jini a hanci.[2][3] A cikin binciken shekarar 2000, likitoci sun zubar da ruwan da ya fi dacewa, wanda za'a iya gani a kan X-rays, a cikin hanci na masu sa kai da yawa. An sa masu sa kai su yi gumi, tari, da kuma busa hanci. An gano cewa matsin lamba na yau da kullun na hanci-blowing ya kasance 1.3 fam a kowace murabba'in inci, sau goma ya fi girma fiye da wanda ya haifar da sneezing ko tari. CT scans ya nuna cewa busa hanci ya aika da yawa daga cikin dye a cikin sinuses" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Paranasal sinuses">paranasal sinuses maimakon fitar da shi daga hanci. Likitoci sun yi zargin cewa yin hanci na iya kara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan sinus ta hanyar aikawa da kwayar cuta a cikin sinuses.[1][2] A cikin lokuta masu ban sha'awa amma an rubuta su, busa hanci ya haifar da yanayi mai ban mamaki, kamar a cikin yanayin wata mace da ya karye idonta na hagu bayan ta busa hanci. == Al'ada == Fitar da hanci ya zama karya ladabi'a a yawancin al'adu idan an yi shi kai tsaye a gaban wani a teburin cin abinci ko a cikin ɗakin kwana. Har ila yau, ana ɗaukarsa mara kyau don ci gaba da numfashi a cikin hanci maimakon busa shi. == Dubi kuma == * Karɓar hanci * [[Atishawa|Rashin jin daɗi]] * [[Tari|Zubar da hankali]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5zbgs3amk5rt71x7uj51yenkc0lte7a 0 158044 970564 894042 2026-10-23T09:17:06Z Nura Bello 24854 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 970564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zengamina''' ƙaramar masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa kusa da Tudun Kalene, Gundumar Ikelenge a arewa maso yammacin [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . An gina ta tsakanin 2004 da 2008 akan kimanin dala miliyan 3, ko kuma dala 4,285 a kowace kilowatt na wutar lantarki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Micro Hydro Costs Compared |url=http://www.panzapath.org/2011/11/micro-hydro-costs-compared/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052825/http://www.panzapath.org/2011/11/micro-hydro-costs-compared/ |archive-date=2012-04-26 |access-date=2011-12-16 |publisher=Panza Path}}</ref> == Bayani == Kafin a buɗe tashar wutar lantarki, yawancin mutane ba su da wutar lantarki, suna amfani da itace ko kananzir don girki. Waɗanda za su iya biyan kuɗinta sun yi amfani da janareta na dizal don samar da wutar lantarki. Layin wutar lantarki na ƙasa na Zambia ya ƙare da {{Convert|380|km}} daga yankin Ikelenge. Mutanen yankin sun makale a cikin mawuyacin hali na talauci, suna rayuwa ta hanyar noma mai cike da yanke-yanke da ƙonawa mara dorewa . Aikin Zengamina ya yi nufin samar da ingantaccen wutar lantarki tare da ƙaramin tashar samar da wutar lantarki a kan [[Kogin Zambezi]] a wani wuri mai sauri kusa da tushensa. Zambezi a wannan wuri yana faɗi {{Convert|17|m}} sama da {{Convert|350|m}} tsawon ruwan sama. An gano yuwuwar samar da wutar lantarki a kan ruwan sama na Zambezi a shekarar 1964, amma ba tare da tallafi ba babu abin da aka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Potipher Tembo |date=30 June 2005 |title=Zengamina Hydro Power Project, a Dream Come True for North-Western |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200506300668.html |access-date=2011-12-16 |website=Times of Zambia}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, Dakta Peter Gill, wani likitan ƙashi a Burtaniya, ya ƙaddamar da wani asusu don ɗaukar nauyin aikin. Babban dalilin shine rage farashin samar da wutar lantarki ga asibitin Kalene, wanda ke kula da mutane a [[Angola]] da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da kuma Zambia, a lokacin da farashin man dizal ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geoff Stark |date=October 2006 |title=Zengamina Hydro Electric Project, Zambezi Rapids, Zambia |url=http://www.kalenehospital.com/articles/article12.htm |access-date=2011-12-16 |publisher=Kalene Hospital |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052400/http://www.kalenehospital.com/articles/article12.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gwamnatin Zambia ta ba da wasu kuɗaɗen iri, kuma ƙungiyoyin coci a Burtaniya sun sami nasarar tara wasu dala miliyan 2.5 don biyan kuɗin gini. == fa'idodi == Da zarar an fara aiki, tashar wutar lantarki ta samar wa Asibitin Kalene wutar lantarki mai dorewa, da kuma asibitoci na gida, gidan marayu na Kalene Farm, makarantu da gidaje 1,000. Ana sa ran fa'idodi da yawa daga ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki fiye da inganta cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Ana sa ran ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni za su kafa, kamar su gwangwani abarba, ƙara yawan aiki. Wutar lantarki za ta taimaka wajen inganta ruwan sha da tsarin tsafta, ƙara yawan lafiya. Ingantaccen haske da dare zai taimaka wa ɗalibai kuma ya ba da damar yin aiki da yamma, da sauransu. == Manazarta == pucfktaw96eugwekwxrtrd6jyzu13l8 0 159765 970479 969951 2026-10-22T21:17:04Z Salma Raddah 45959 970479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''DJ Abass''' (wanda aka haifa a matsayin '''Abass Abayomi Tijani''' ) ƙwararren mai ba da shawara ne kan harkokin watsa labarai da nishaɗi, mai watsa shirye-shirye, DJ, kuma mai kula da harkokin wasanni da wasanni da ke zaune a Burtaniya. Shi ne shugaban kamfanin nishaɗi da kula da kafofin watsa labarai, DJAMEDIA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJAMEDIA – Media Consulting and Promotion |url=https://djamedia.com/ |access-date=18 May 2020 |website=Djamedia.com}}</ref> Haka kuma sananne ne a cikin al'ummar Najeriya da Afirka a Burtaniya saboda gabatar da kuma haɗa shirin talabijin na ''Gabatarwa'' da kuma shirin "Big Nigerian Independence Independence Intro Jam".<ref>Redirecting". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2012.</ref><ref>ANCHOR BABY UK PREMIERE IN PICTURES". Thenigerianvoice.com. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>DJAMEDIA's Fotos from The World Premiere of THE MIRROR BOY". Nigeriaa2z.com. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>ANCHOR BABY UK PREMIERE IN PICTURES". Modern Ghana.</ref><ref>NEL Awards | Rewarding Excellence". Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.</ref><ref>Welcome to Amlap Publishing". Amlappublishing.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>YouTube – Gbenga Adeyinka 1st @ BIG2004". YouTube. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == DJ Abass, wanda sunansa na haihuwa shine Abass Abayomi Tijani, an haife shi a Landan ga Kolawole Rasak Tijani da Deborah Kojusola Tijani, ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ungozoma. Daga nan ya koma Najeriya tare da ƙaninsa, inda ya yi karatu a Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Mate, Legas; Baptist Academy, Obanikoro, Lagos sannan daga baya ya yi Makarantar Sakandare ta Baptist, Port Harcourt. Ya ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Ado-Ekiti (wadda a da Jami'ar Jihar Ondo ce, wacce yanzu Jami'ar Adekunle Ajasin ce ), inda ya sami digiri a fannin kimiyyar siyasa. DJ Abass shi ne ɗan fari cikin 'ya'ya huɗu kuma yana da 'yan'uwa biyu.<ref>Welcome to The Bustline Blog: @ THE 18TH AFRICAN FILMS AWARDS UK". Bustlineyetundeoduwole.blogspot.com. 7 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>Photos from UK premiere of Emem Isong's Bursting Out - ModernGhana.com". Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2012.</ref><ref>Black TV Guide » Afro Hair and Beauty LIVE 2013". Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2012</ref><ref>"DJAMEDIA UK: PHOTOS: Wande Coal, Kiss Daniel, Patoranking & others shine at Smade Easter Afrofest 2016". Djamediauk.blogspot.com. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>CAST YOUR VOTE". Modernghana.com. Retrieved 18 May 2020</ref> == Farkon aikina == DJ Abass ya fara aikinsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa kungiyar DJs ta Najeriya a Burtaniya a shekarar 2000. Ya shirya kade-kade da suka nuna DJs na Najeriya, wanda hakan ya taimaka wajen daukaka martabar wakokin Najeriya a kasashen waje. A shekarar 2002, ya koma kula da mawaka, yana aiki da kungiyoyi kamar Solek Crew da kuma jagorantar mawaka kamar KAS. Wannan ya kara karfafa rawar da yake takawa wajen bunkasa wakokin Najeriya da al'adunsu a Burtaniya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Abass Abayomi Tijani (DJ Abass |url=https://africabokutalent.org/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=Africa Boku Talent}}</ref><ref>Nigeria: DJ Abbass Bereaved". All Africa. 28 June 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2026</ref><ref>PRESS RELEASES « BEFFTA AWARDS". Beffta.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref> Baya ga aikinsa a fannin kula da mawaka, DJ Abass ya shahara a matsayin mai watsa shirye-shirye lokacin da ya fara gabatar da kuma hada shirin waka ''na Intro Live tare da DJ Abass'' a Ben TV. Wannan shirin ya kasance wani muhimmin dandali ga mawakan Afirka, domin ya kunshi hirarraki da wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye daga taurari kamar [[Sunny Ade|King Sunny Adé]] da [[2Baba|2Face Idibia]] . Tasirin DJ Abass ya wuce masana'antar kiɗa kawai. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya da kuma kula da shirye-shiryen fina-finan Nollywood a Burtaniya ta hanyar kamfaninsa na kafofin watsa labarai, DJAMEDIA. Wannan kamfani ya zama jagora a fagen nishaɗin Afirka a Burtaniya, yana gudanar da manyan taruka da shirye-shiryen farko na fina-finai kamar ''[[The Mirror Boy]]'' da ''[[Anchor Baby (fim)|Anchor Baby]]'' .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 May 2021 |title=DJ Abass: Celebrating Black Excellence In Broadcasting And Entertainment |url=https://dukeintmagazine.com/ |website=Duke International Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ ABASS: On the Evolution of Afrobeats |url=https://gazelleafrica.com/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=Gazelle Africa}}</ref><ref>PRESS RELEASES « BEFFTA AWARDS". Beffta.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>.</ref><ref>"DJAMEDIA UK: Photos from 'An Evening With Funke Akindele' in London." Djamediauk.blogspot.com. 12 June 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref><ref>AllAfrica.com: Africa: First Ever Africa House During London Olympics". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.</ref><ref>"Nigerian Corner at Notting Hill Carnival 2012 on Adela Street | Sturvs". Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.</ref> A shekara ta 2000, DJ Abass ya kasance memba na kafa ƙungiyar DJs ta Najeriya reshen Burtaniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=NIGERIAN DJs UK Green & White Industry Party 2011 (Pt1 of 2) |url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150314537556812.367232.503876811&type=1&l=4760d6a012 |access-date=18 May 2020 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> kuma ya taimaka wajen shirya jerin kade-kade da wake-wake da ke nuna mafi kyawun DJs na Najeriya a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1Xtra - DJ Edu - Destination Africa, Guest Mix From DJ Abass Repping Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b012qs3j |access-date=18 May 2020 |website=BBC}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ya koma kula da mawaka lokacin da ya haɗu da Soji Adebayo, Michael Oloyede, da Michael Enebeli (wanda aka fi sani da Don Jazzy ) suna wasa a matsayin Solek Crew a wani wuri na dare na mako-mako. Daga baya ya fara jagorantar ƙungiyar ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, wadda ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan 'yan asalin Najeriya mafi zafi a Burtaniya. Ƙungiyar ta fito a matsayin babban jarumi a taruka da yawa, musamman The BIG Nigerian Independence Intro Jam da The Nigerian Corner at the Notting Hill Carnival . DJ Abass ya kuma haɗu kuma ya ba wa mawakan KAS jagoranci a wannan lokacin kuma ya tafi da shi zuwa wata tafiya ta waƙa zuwa Najeriya a shekara ta 2006. [ ] == Talabijin == .A shekara ta 2003, DJ Abass ya gabatar kuma ya shirya wani shirin kiɗa kai tsaye a talabijin a cikin shirin kiɗan da ya shahara na ''Gabatarwa Kai Tsaye tare da Dj Abass'' . Shirin ya nuna waƙoƙin Najeriya da Afirka ne kawai ta hanyar hirarraki kai tsaye da kuma bidiyon kiɗan farko. ''Gabatarwa Kai Tsaye'' shiri ne na talabijin na tsawon awanni biyu kuma shine tunanin abokinsa nagari [[Ayo Shonaiya]] . An watsa shi a Ben TV (da kuma daga baya OBE TV) kuma an gan shi a ko'ina cikin Turai da wasu sassan Arewacin Afirka. Baƙi a shirin sun haɗa da taurari kamar King Sunny Adé, Chaka Demus &amp;amp; Pliers, [[D'banj]], Nneka, Eldee, 2Face Idibia, [[P-Square]], [[JJC Skillz|JJC]], Erykah Badu, George Clinton, [[Brenda Fassie (mawaƙiya)|Brenda Fassie]], Ying Yang Twins, Wasiu Ayinde Marshall, Lady Saw, [[Shina Peters|Sir Shina Peters]], Werason, da [[Ebenezer Obey]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> [[Fayil:DJA_with_Chris_Tucker.jpg|thumb|DJ Abass tare da Chris Tucker]] ''Gabatar da'' shirin talabijin ya samu nasarori a cikin shirin Intro, wanda ya hada da The BIG Nigerian Independence Intro Jam, The Intro Summer Jam, da The Intro Christmas Jam. Fitaccen mawakin nan na Najeriya [[D'banj]] ya fara yin wasansa na farko shi kaɗai a bikin BIG Independence Intro Jam na shekarar 2004, kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki, ya kasance bako a hirarsa ta farko da aka yi ta talabijin a cikin ''shirin Intro tare da DJ Abass.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Redirecting |url=http://thesporahshow.blogspot.com/2011/02/why-do-people-hold-on-keeping-most.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134039/http://thesporahshow.blogspot.com/2011/02/why-do-people-hold-on-keeping-most.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] kldbqa8bctflkq9650jf54z3ul7g3zm 0 165797 970532 922877 2026-10-22T23:45:41Z Yusuf Danmarna 49960 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 970532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cin zarafi da lalata da ake yi ta hanyar amfani da damar jima’i a cikin ayyukan jin kai''' ya fara jan hankalin jama’a ne bayan fitar da wani rahoto a watan Fabrairun 2002, wanda wata tawaga ta haɗin gwiwa ta gudanar domin binciken wannan batu. Tawagar binciken, wadda ta ƙunshi ma’aikatan UNHCR da Save the Children Fund UK (SCFUK), ta bayar da rahoton cewa: “An yi wa yaran ’yan gudun hijira a Guinea, Liberia da Saliyo cin zarafin jima’i da kuma amfani da su ta hanyar lalata, inda aka ruwaito cewa ma’aikatan ƙungiyoyin NGO na ƙasa da na ƙasa da ƙasa, UNHCR da sauran hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ne suka aikata hakan...”"Hukumomin jin kai sun amsa kusan nan da nan tare da matakan da aka tsara don hana ci gaba da cin zarafi, kafa ƙungiyar aiki tsakanin hukumomi tare da manufar "ƙarfafawa da haɓaka kariya da kulawa da mata da yara a cikin yanayin rikice-rikicen jin kai da rikici"A shekara ta 2008 akwai alamun cewa cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin masu cin gajiyar ba wai kawai sun ci gaba ba, amma ba a bayar da rahoton su ba.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=No One to Turn To |url=http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/No_One_to_Turn_To_1.pdf |publisher=Save the Children UK}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2010, rundunar aiki ta ECHA/ECPS ta samar da wani shafin yanar gizo da aka keɓe domin kariya daga cin zarafin jima’i da amfani da mutane ta hanyar lalata (PSEA) da ma’aikatan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN), ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da sauran ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ke aikatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=protection from secual exploitation and abuse by UN and related personnel |url=https://www.un.org/pseataskforce |url-status=dead |access-date=7 October 2010 |publisher=PSEA task force}}</ref> == Rahoton UNHCR / Ceton Yara na 2002 game da 'jima'i don taimako' a Yammacin Afirka == Za'a iya samun taƙaitaccen binciken rahoton a cikin wata kasida da ɗaya daga cikin marubutan asali ya rubuta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asmita Naik |date=15 October 2002 |title=Protecting Children from the Protectors: Lessons from West Africa |url=http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR15/fmr15.7.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007050245/http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR15/fmr15.7.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2008 |access-date=25 January 2009 |publisher=Forced Migration Review}}</ref> Rahoton ya dogara ne kan aikin binciken da tawagar ta gudanar a filin aiki, inda ta gudanar da tambayoyi da tattaunawa ta ƙungiyoyin mayar da hankali (focus groups) tare da kusan mutane 1,500, waɗanda suka haɗa da yara da manya, a ƙasashen Guinea, Laberiya da Saliyo.<blockquote>Masu binciken sun gano cewa ba wai kawai cin zarafin jima'i ya yadu ba, ma'aikatan agaji, masu kiyaye zaman lafiya, da shugabannin al'umma sun yi hakan. Ma'aikatan agaji sun sayar da abinci da kayan taimako don jin daɗin jima'i. Malamai a makarantu a sansanonin sun yi amfani da yara don musayar maki. An ba da kulawa da magunguna don musayar jima'i. Wasu hukumomi arba'in da biyu da mutane sittin da bakwai sun shiga cikin wannan hali. Iyaye sun matsa wa yaransu su shiga dangantakar cin zarafin jima'i don samun kayan taimako ga iyali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferris |first=Beth |year=2007 |title=Abuse of Power: Sexual Exploitation of Refugee Women and Girls |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2007/03/spring-humanrights-ferris |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref></blockquote>An buga cikakken rahoton shekaru 16 bayan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta rubuta shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na bincikensa game da cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafi a bangaren agaji a ranar 31 ga Yuli 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2002 |title=Sexual violence and exploitation: the experience of refugee children in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone |url=https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/international-development/2002-Report-of-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-Save%20the%20Children.pdf |website=www.parliament.uk}}</ref> == Cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin da dakarun shiga tsakani suka yi a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya == Cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin (SEA) ya ci gaba da lalata ayyukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don haka ya shafi tasirin waɗannan tsoma baki. Ofishin Jakadancin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], (MINUSCA), yana fuskantar zarge-zargen SEA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MINUSCA action plan on sexual exploitation and abuse 2018 –2019 matrix of activities |url=https://minusca.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/minusca_sea_action_plan_matrix_of_activities_-_20180419_final.pdf |website=minusca.unmissions.org}}</ref> Kodayake wasu zarge-zargen cin zarafin jima’i da amfani da mutane ta hanyar lalata (SEA) a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya (CAR) sun faru ne kafin fara aikin wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a ƙasar, akwai ra’ayin cewa wasu daga cikin al’ummar ƙasar suna ɗora alhakin waɗannan ayyuka kan sojojin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Wani bincike mai taken “Cin zarafin jima’i da amfani da mutane ta hanyar lalata da dakarun shiga tsakani suka yi a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya” ya nuna cewa ikon Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na tilasta ƙasashen da ke tura sojoji da ’yan sanda yin cikakken bincike yana da iyaka, domin babban alhakin bincike da ɗaukar matakin shari’a yana kan ƙasashen da ke ba da sojoji ko ’yan sanda (T/PCCs).<ref name=":02">Mwanyika, Elijah Mwasi. (2021). Sexual exploitation and abuse by intervention forces in Central African Republic. ''African Journal of Empirical Research'', 2 (1), 63-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.14</ref> Idan aka ba da gaskiyar cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya koyaushe tana fuskantar ƙalubalen tara sojoji ga PKOs ba ta son rasa wannan damar ta hanyar sanya TCCs waɗanda suka kasa kammala irin wannan binciken da kuma azabtar da masu laifi. Matakan tsarin da aka sanya don tallafawa "Tsarin haƙuri na Zero" bai yi tasiri ba. Binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa kowace ƙasa tana da alhakin kai tsaye ga laifukan da rundunonin su suka ci gaba da su kuma gazawar kammala irin waɗannan shari'o'in ya kamata a aiwatar da su ta hanyar tsauraran hukunci ciki har da hana shiga cikin Ayyukan Tsaro (PKOs)..<ref name=":03">Mwanyika, Elijah Mwasi. (2021). Sexual exploitation and abuse by intervention forces in Central African Republic. ''African Journal of Empirical Research'', 2 (1), 63-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.14</ref> == Cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin ma'aikatan Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo == Fiye da mata 50 sun zargi ma’aikatan hukumomin jin kai da dama, ciki har da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), da aikata cin zarafin jima’i da amfani da mutane ta hanyar lalata a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo (DRC). Zarge-zargen sun shafi lokacin ayyukan yaƙi da annobar Ebola daga shekarar 2018 zuwa 2020. Wata bincike ta gano cewa mata 51 sun bayyana abubuwan da suka fuskanta, ciki har da tilasta musu yin jima’i a madadin samun aiki ko kuma barazanar rasa aikin idan suka ƙi...<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Farge |first1=Emma |last2=Holland |first2=Hereward |date=2021-09-29 |title=WHO employees took part in Congo sex abuse during Ebola crisis, report says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/who-heartbroken-by-congo-sex-abuse-probe-findings-2021-09-28/ |access-date=2021-11-19 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == Haiti 2010 == Bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 2010 a Haiti, an fallasa cewa mambobin kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa da yawa, kuma mafi mahimmanci kungiyar Oxfam, sun yi amfani da 'yan mata da mata na gida don jima'i, daga cikinsu akwai yiwuwar kananan yara, don musayar taimako da tallafi. Wannan ya faru ne a lokacin kokarin agaji a tsibirin. An gudanar da bincike na kasa da kasa kuma duk da cewa an sallami membobin kuma sun yi murabus, masu sukar sun zargi waɗancan kungiyoyin da rufe girman cin zarafin, yayin da suka kasa kare jama'a masu rauni. == Siriya == === 2015–2018 === A cewar binciken [[BBC]] ma'aikatan agaji daga majalisun gida da kuma kungiyoyin abokan tarayya sun nemi taimakon jima'i daga mata don musayar abinci da kayan aiki. BBC ta fallasa cewa cin zarafin ya kasance abin da ya faru a Kudancin [[Siriya]], wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da hukumomin agaji suka yi. === 2025 jima'i don zargin taimako === A cikin 2025, binciken BBC ya fallasa zarge-zargen "jima'i don taimako" a kan Sadettin Karagoz, ma'aikacin banki na Turkiyya da ya yi ritaya. A cewar rahotanni, ya kafa Hope Charity Store a cikin 2014, daga baya ya sake masa suna My Home Meal Association, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta [[Ankara]] wacce ke da niyyar taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar Siriya. Binciken ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru daga 2016 zuwa 2024, bisa ga asusun da suka tsira da yawa - ciki har da mata uku da suka yi magana da BBC da wasu bakwai da suka shaida ko suka ji game da cin zarafin. Ya musanta zargin, amma an kama shi a shekarar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-25 |title=Charity boss arrest in BBC sex-for-aid investigation 'gives women strength' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgkzg680j7lo |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sudan ta Kudu 2015-2022 == Rahotanni daga [[Sudan ta Kudu]] tsakanin 2015 da 2022 sun yi iƙirarin cewa ma'aikata a sansanonin da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ke gudanarwa, sun yi wa mutane cin zarafi ciki har da "jima'i don taimako".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Alleged sex abuse by aid workers unchecked for years in UN-run South Sudan camp |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/2022/09/22/exclusive-alleged-sex-abuse-aid-workers-unchecked-years-un-run-south-sudan-camp |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=www.thenewhumanitarian.org |language=en}}</ref> Yawancin shari'o'in sun faru ne a shafin Malakal Protection of Civilians, tare da ma'aikata daga kungiyoyi kamar IOM, MSF, WFP, da World Vision an sanya musu suna.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Craze |first=Sam Mednick, Joshua |title=Sex abuse allegations against aid workers in South Sudan UN camp |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2022/9/22/sex-abuse-allegations-against-aid-workers-in-south-sudan-un-camp |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da binciken an yi wa mata da 'yan mata fyade kuma sun yi juna biyu. Shaidu sun nuna cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta san game da "jima'i don taimako, tun daga farkon shekara ta 2015, amma ba a yi wani mataki na ainihi don dakatar da waɗannan cin zarafin ba. Kamar yadda mutane a sansanonin suka kasance matalauta sosai kuma sun dogara da taimako, mata da 'yan mata da yawa sun ji cewa ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su musayar jima'i don samun abinci ko ayyuka.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Daga cikin wadanda ake tuhuma akwai ma'aikatan agaji na cikin gida da masu kiyaye zaman lafiya, tare da shaidar da ke nuna cin hanci don samun damar samun mata. Al'adu da matsayi na jinsi a cikin sansanin, sun sa ya zama da wuya a bayar da rahoton cin zarafi ko samun adalci. Rashin jituwa na [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] ya raunana rigakafi da kulawa. Duk wannan yana gudana, a lokacin rikici da rikici da ke gudana shine Sudan ta Kudu, abubuwan da suka sa mata da 'yan mata da suka rasa muhallinsu suka fi rauni.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Ma'aikatan agaji sun kuma yi amfani da 'yan gudun hijirar Sudan a wani sansani a makwabciyar [[Cadi|Chadi]], wanda ya haifar da binciken MSF a 2024, wanda ya haifar le korar ma'aikata 18. == Amfani da tallafi a cikin Gaza na shekara ta 2025 == == Amsa daga hukumomin jin kai == === Bincike da takunkumi === Ofishin Kula da Kula da Cikin Gida na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (OIOS) ne ya binciki zargin, wanda a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2002 ya fitar da rahoto wanda ya kammala cewa "ba ta sami wani yaduwar cin zarafin da ma'aikatan agaji suka yi ba". A wata hira da [[CNN]] a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2002, Babban Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira Ruud Lubbers ya ce, "Ba mu da tabbacin samun tabbaci. Yana da ƙarancin gaske". Save the Children UK (abokin tarayya a cikin binciken asali) ya amsa, "Babu wani abu da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta samu da ke sa mu yi tunanin cewa ba mu da kuskure".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quoted in Asmita Naik: "The West Africa sex scandal" HPN |url=http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=2561 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321025726/http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?ID=2561 |archive-date=2011-03-21 |access-date=2008-09-04}}</ref> === Rigakafi === A watan Yulin shekara ta 2002, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (IASC) ya amince da wani shiri na aiki wanda ya bayyana cewa cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin ma'aikatan jin kai sun zama ayyukan mummunar mummunar hali kuma, sabili da haka, dalilai ne na dakatar da aiki. Shirin ya haramta a bayyane "Mayar kudi, aiki, kayayyaki, ko ayyuka don jima'i, gami da fa'idodin jima'i ko wasu nau'ikan wulakanci, wulakanci ko cin zarafi". Manyan NGHAs da hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke ba da gudummawa sun himmatu ga kafa tsarin ciki don hana cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin masu cin gajiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IASC, Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse |url=http://hapinternational.org/pool/files/iasc-task-force-report.pdf |access-date=2026-08-30 |archive-date=2011-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204022302/http://hapinternational.org/pool/files/iasc-task-force-report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Labarin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya === Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki mataki zuwa kariya daga cin zarafin jima'i tare da buga Bulletin na Sakatare Janar, ''Matakai na musamman don kariya daga cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin lalata.''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary-General's Bulletin |url=http://hapinternational.org/pool/files/sgs-bulletin.pdf |access-date=2026-08-30 |archive-date=2011-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204014816/http://hapinternational.org/pool/files/sgs-bulletin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar sanarwar ita ce ta tsara ka'idoji don kare mutanen da ke fama da rauni (musamman mata da yara) daga cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafi. Ya bayyana cin zarafin jima'i kamar haka:<blockquote>Duk wani hakikanin ko yunkurin cin zarafin matsayi na rauni, iko na bambanci, ko amincewa, don dalilai na jima'i, gami da, amma ba iyakance ga, riba ta kudi, zamantakewa ko siyasa daga cin zarafin jima'i na wani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary-General's Bulletin |url=http://hapinternational.org/pool/files/sgs-bulletin.pdf |page=1 |access-date=2026-08-30 |archive-date=2011-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204014816/http://hapinternational.org/pool/files/sgs-bulletin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>Ya haramta irin wannan hali daga dukkan ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ma'aikatan dukkan kungiyoyi da ke aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tare da Majalisar Dinkinobho (watau NGHAs). Bugu da kari, sanarwar ta tsara takunkumi da hanyoyin da za a bi don hana cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafi. === Ayyukan Kungiyoyin Gina Mafi aminci === Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, BSO tana taimaka wa kungiyoyi suyi amfani da ka'idojin tsarin korafi da amsawa mai kyau ga shari'o'in cin zarafin jima'i da cin zarafin ma'aikata. BSO tana taimaka wa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don samun babban lissafi ta hanyar: == Dubi kuma == Binciken da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press ya yi a shekarar 2025 ya rubuta cin zarafin jima'i a lokacin rikicin jin kai na Gaza. Kungiyoyin ba da agaji sun gaya wa manema labarai cewa mata a Gaza sun yi magana game da tilasta musu yin jima'i ta hanyar maza da ke ba da alkawarin abinci, kudi, ruwa, ko aiki, wani lokacin a karkashin taimakon jin kai, ko kuma maza da ke sanye da kayan aikin hukumomin agaji na hukuma. 'Yan jaridar AP sun ce saboda al'ummar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Gaza da kuma wulakanci da ke kewaye da cin zarafin jima'i, yawancin mata sun ki bayar da rahoto a hukumance ko kuma gano masu aikata laifin a bainar jama'a. Cibiyar karewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga Cin zarafin Jima'i da Cin zarafi (PSEA) ta tabbatar da karbar akalla zarge-zarge 18 da suka shafi rarraba taimako a Gaza a shekarar da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mednick |first=Sam |last2=Aljoud |first2=Sally Abou |date=2025-09-30 |title=Women in Gaza say they were promised food, money or work in exchange for sexual interactions |url=https://apnews.com/article/gaza-sexual-exploitation-women-aid-israel-war-44c9daf14f2888d43cd05562b7d24a10 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dvjrr5smq76io69p8vly4pnbks3fy4u 0 169072 970566 928890 2026-10-23T09:21:28Z Nura Bello 24854 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 970566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2021, Isra'ila ta sanya kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Palasdinawa guda shida - Addameer, [[Al-Haq]], Cibiyar Bisan don Bincike da Ci gaba, Tsaro don Yara ta Duniya-Palestine, Kungiyar Kwamitin Aikin Gona, da Kungiyar Kwamitocin Mata na Palasdinu - a matsayin kungiyoyin ta'addanci.<ref name="fidh">{{Cite web |title=Israel/OPT: Six prominent Palestinian human rights groups banned |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/issues/human-rights-defenders/israel-opt-six-prominent-palestinian-human-rights-groups-banned |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=International Federation for Human Rights |language=en}}</ref> Bayan haramcin, wani jami'in Isra'ila ya gaya wa kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka cewa ba a bin kama shugabannin kungiyoyin ba, burin shi ne yanke kudade ga kungiyoyin da aka yi niyya. Kodayake an tabbatar da haramcin ne bisa ga cewa kungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Isra'ila ba ta da wata hujja game da irin wannan alaƙar.<ref name="fidh">{{cite web |title=Israel/OPT: Six prominent Palestinian human rights groups banned |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/issues/human-rights-defenders/israel-opt-six-prominent-palestinian-human-rights-groups-banned |website=International Federation for Human Rights |access-date=20 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki haramcin. Jihohin Turai da yawa sun ki amincewa da ra'ayin cewa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 'kungiyoyin ta'addanci' ne yayin da CIA ta yanke shawarar cewa zarge-zargen ba su da tabbaci. Wasu ƙasashen Turai sun ce za su ci gaba da tallafawa kungiyoyin daga jerin, yayin da ɗayan irin wannan ƙungiyar ya sami tallafin su daga Netherlands. == Tarihi == Tun daga shekara ta 1967, Isra'ila ta haramta kungiyoyi sama da 400 a yankunan Palasdinawa, gami da dukkan manyan jam'iyyun siyasa na Palasdinawa da kungiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai da agaji da yawa. Kungiyoyin shida da aka yi niyya sun kasance suna aiki na shekaru da yawa a cikin yankunan Palasdinawa da Isra'ila ta mamaye a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Kula da ba da agaji ta Falasdinawa. Dukansu sun sami tallafi daga gwamnatocin Yammaci kuma sun rubuta zargin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, laifukan yaki da wariyar launin fata ta Isra'ila. Wannan takardun ya kasance babban abu a bude Binciken Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya a Falasdinu.<ref name="Buttu">{{Cite journal |last=Buttu |first=Diana |author-link=Diana Buttu |date=2022 |title=How to Crush Palestinian NGOs: Just Use the "T" Word |journal=[[Journal of Palestine Studies]] |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=57–61 |doi=10.1080/0377919X.2022.2040880 |s2cid=248168432}}</ref> [[Al-Haq]] ya fuskanci zarge-zargen da Isra'ila ta yi na dogon lokaci game da alaƙa da Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine; Babban darakta, [[Shawn Jabarin|Shawan Jabarin]], ya shafe shekaru takwas a kurkuku ba tare da tuhuma ba.<ref name="Buttu" /> Bayan Mayu 2021, an kai hari kan wasu ofisoshin kungiyoyin, watakila don samun shaidar don sanyawa. A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2021, [[Al-Haq]] ta tuntubi masu kare Front Line bayan ta yi zargin cewa an sace shi.<ref name="fld">{{Cite web |date=8 November 2021 |title=Six Palestinian human rights defenders hacked with NSO Group's Pegasus Spyware |url=https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/statement-report/statement-targeting-palestinian-hrds-pegasus |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=Front Line Defenders |language=en}}</ref> Masana hacking daga baya sun tabbatar da cewa Pegasus ya yi niyya da na'urori shida, karo na farko da aka yi amfani da kayan leken asiri na NSO Group akan Palasdinawa.<ref name="fld" /> Daga cikin wadanda aka yi niyya sun kasance shugaban Cibiyar Bisan Ubai al-Aboudi, ɗan ƙasar Amurka, da mai binciken Adameer Salah Hamouri, wanda ɗan ƙasar Faransa ne. Hana kungiyoyin ya dogara ne akan dokar yaki da ta'addanci ta Isra'ila ta 2016 . [he] Masanan shari'a Eliav Lieblich da Adam Shinar sun bayyana dokar a matsayin "ba ta da kyau ba za a iya gyarawa ba". Kungiyoyi kawai sun koyi cewa an sanya su a matsayin 'yan ta'adda bayan gaskiyar kuma suna da iyakantaccen damar da za su yi kira - ga ministan tsaro, wanda aka ba shi izinin bayar da sanarwar da farko.<ref name="js" /> Kodayake yana yiwuwa a daukaka kara a kotuna, kotun kusan an tabbatar da ita don yin hukunci a kan kungiyar saboda amfani da shaidar sirri cewa ba a yarda da kare su gani ba.<ref name="js" /><ref name="Buttu" /> Wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Yamma ya bayyana yadda aka mayar da martani ga sunan ta'addanci ta hanyar bayyana cewa dokokin ta'addancin a kasashen Turai sun fi ƙanƙanta. A cikin 2024 an ruwaito cewa Al-Haq, Addameer, Al Mezan, da Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Falasdinawa (PCHR) an yi niyya ne don aikin sa ido a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun da ya fi girma, wanda ya haɗa da IDF, Mossad, Shin Bet da sauran cibiyoyin Isra'ila, waɗanda suka nemi hana binciken da [[Babban Kotun koli na Duniya|Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya]] da Kotun Laifuka ta Duniya suka yi game da cin zarafin 'yancin' yan Palasdinawa. Dukkanin hudu an dauke su a matsayin jikin da ke lalata matsayin Isra'ila a duniya. == Sunan da aka yi == Isra'ila ta yi iƙirarin cewa kungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da PFLP kuma fiye da rabin kudade ga kungiyoyin ana tura su zuwa PFLP. Kungiyoyin sun musanta duk wata alaƙa da PFLP. Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, Isra'ila ba ta fitar da wata shaida game da irin wannan hanyar ba. Bayan haramcin, wani jami'in Isra'ila ya gaya wa kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka cewa ba a bin kama shugabannin kungiyoyin ba, burin shi ne yanke kudade ga kungiyoyin da aka yi niyya.<ref name="gpb" /> +972 Magazine, {{Interlanguage link|Local Call|he|שיחה מקומית}} , da The Intercept sun kwafin fayil ɗin shafi 74 game da kungiyar da aka aika wa gwamnatocin Turai a watan Mayu a ƙoƙarin kawar da kudade ga kungiyoyin; NPR, Associated Press da sauran masu wallafa kafofin watsa labarai suma sun bincika fayil ɗin. [he] Dangane da fayil ɗin, Switzerland, Jamus, Netherlands, [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]], Belgium, Sweden, [[Ispaniya|Spain]], da Tarayyar Turai suna ba da kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyi shida. Yawancin fayil ɗin suna mai da hankali kan tambayoyin tsoffin ma'aikata biyu na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta bakwai, Kwamitin Aikin Lafiya, waɗanda aka kore su saboda zargin cin zarafin kuɗi. Ma'aikatan sun tabbatar da cewa an san cewa kungiyoyin shida suna da alaƙa da PFLP, amma ba su ba da wata shaida ba. Lauyan wani mutum ya ce ana iya ba da shaidar abokin ciniki a ƙarƙashin azabtarwa ko rashin kulawa. A cewar mujallar +972, "ba kamar ikirarin Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ba, bayanan ba su ba da wata hujja da ke tabbatar da cewa kungiyoyi shida sun karkatar da kudaden su ga PFLP ko ayyukan tashin hankali ba".<ref name="+972" />Jami'an Isra'ila sun ce suna da ƙarin shaidu. Bayan haramcin, wasu sun yi hasashen cewa ya dogara ne akan bayanan da NGO Monitor ta bayar, wanda The Intercept ya bayyana a matsayin "ƙungiyar Zionist mai tsattsauran ra'ayi". Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haramcin, jami'an Shin Bet sun yi tafiya zuwa Washington don tattauna haramcin tare da gwamnatin Amurka. Sun ba da taƙaitaccen gabatarwa ta Associated Press, wanda yayi kama da fayil ɗin da +972 Magazine ta samu. A lokacin, mai magana da yawun Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka Ned Price ya ki yin sharhi. Ministan harkokin waje na Holland da ministan ci gaban tattalin arziki na Belgium sun bayyana cewa fayil ɗin ba shi da "ko da wata hujja guda ɗaya". Belgium da Sweden sun ce sun bincika kudaden da suka bayar ga kungiyoyin, kuma ba su sami wata hujja ta aikata laifi ba.<ref name="+972" /> Lauyan kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila Michael Sfard ya ce bayan da fayil ɗin ya kasa shawo kansa, "tun da Turawa ba su sayi zarge-zargen ba, [kungiyoyin Isra'ila] sun yi amfani da yaƙi mara kyau: sun bayyana kungiyoyin ta'addanci".<ref name="+972" /> A cewar Haaretz, kungiyoyin sun kasance doka a Yammacin Kogin Yamma bayan haramcin. == Zargi da alaƙa da PFLP == Isra’ila ta yi iƙirarin cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da PFLP, kuma sama da rabin kuɗaɗen da ake bai wa ƙungiyoyin ana karkatar da su zuwa PFLP.[2] Ƙungiyoyin sun musanta cewa suna da wata alaƙa da PFLP. Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na 2022, Isra’ila ba ta fitar da wata hujja a bainar jama'a da ke tabbatar da irin wannan alaƙa ba.[17][14] Bayan haramta ƙungiyoyin, wani jami’in Isra’ila ya shaida wa kafafen yaɗa labarai na Amurka cewa ba a shirin kama shugabannin ƙungiyoyin ba; manufar ita ce katse hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen da ake bai wa ƙungiyoyin da aka yi wa wannan mataki. +972 Magazine, Local Call da The Intercept sun samu kwafin wani kundin bayanai mai shafuka 74 game da ƙungiyoyin, wanda aka aika wa gwamnatocin Turai a watan Mayu a wani yunƙuri na dakatar da tallafin kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin. NPR, Associated Press da wasu kafafen yaɗa labarai ma sun binciki kundin bayanan. A cewar kundin, ƙasashen Switzerland, Jamus, Netherlands, Birtaniya, Belgium, Sweden, Spain, da Tarayyar Turai suna ba da kuɗaɗe ga ƙungiyoyin guda shida. Mafi yawan abin da kundin ya ƙunsa ya ta’allaka ne kan tambayoyin da aka yi wa wasu tsoffin ma’aikata biyu na wata ƙungiya ta bakwai mai zaman kanta, wato Health Work Committees, waɗanda aka kora daga aiki saboda zargin aikata laifukan kuɗi. Ma’aikatan biyu sun bayyana cewa ana sane da cewa ƙungiyoyin guda shida suna da alaƙa da PFLP, amma ba su gabatar da wata hujja da ke tabbatar da hakan ba. Lauyan ɗaya daga cikin mutanen ya ce mai yiwuwa an samu bayanan da abokin kare nasa ya bayar ne sakamakon azabtarwa ko kuma mummunan mu’amala. A cewar +972 Magazine, “sabanin ikirarin Ma’aikatar Tsaron Isra’ila, kundin bayanan bai gabatar da wata hujja ko guda ɗaya da ke tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyoyin guda shida sun karkatar da kuɗaɗensu zuwa PFLP ko kuma ayyukan tashin hankali ba.”[10] Jami’an Isra’ila sun ce suna da wasu ƙarin hujjoji. Bayan haramcin, wasu sun yi hasashen cewa matakin ya samo asali ne daga bayanan da NGO Monitor ta bayar, wadda The Intercept ta bayyana a matsayin “ƙungiyar Zionist mai tsananin son ra’ayi.”[9] Jim kaɗan bayan haramcin, jami’an Shin Bet sun je Washington domin tattaunawa da gwamnatin Amurka game da matakin haramcin. Sun bai wa Associated Press taƙaitaccen bayani game da gabatarwar da suka yi, wanda ya yi kama da kundin bayanan da +972 Magazine ta samu. A lokacin, kakakin Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ned Price, ya ƙi yin tsokaci kan lamarin. Ministan harkokin wajen Netherlands da ministan ci gaban tattalin arzikin Belgium sun bayyana cewa kundin bayanan bai ƙunshi “ko da hujja guda ɗaya tak da za a iya tabbatarwa ba.”[10] Belgium da Sweden sun ce sun gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa kan yadda suka bayar da kuɗaɗen tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin, kuma ba su gano wata hujja ta aikata ba daidai ba ba.[10] Lauyan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam na Isra’ila Michael Sfard ya ce, bayan da kundin bayanan ya kasa gamsar da ƙasashen Turai, “tun da Turawa ba su yarda da zarge-zargen ba, [mahukuntan Isra’ila] suka yi amfani da wata dabara ta yaƙi da ba kasafai ake amfani da ita ba: ayyana ƙungiyoyin a matsayin ƙungiyoyin ta’addanci.” A cewar Haaretz, ƙungiyoyin sun ci gaba da kasancewa bisa doka a Yammacin Kogin Jordan bayan haramcin. == Manazarta == j37exw26nezjar16s9kfath0lwqcmpq 0 179466 970443 968722 2026-10-22T17:58:39Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378259708|Voinyliv]]" 970443 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Voliviny</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="uk">Yaƙe-yaƙe</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Rural settlement (Ukraine)|Gidajen karkara]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Voynyliv_(2).jpg|250x250px|Soviet era memorial to those who perished in World War II in Voynyliv. Building of Professional Technical College of Voynyliv is on the back.]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Abin tunawa da zamanin Soviet ga waɗanda suka mutu a Yaƙin Duniya na II a Voynyliv. Gine-gine na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Voynyliv yana bayan.</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="11" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Voinyliv","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q550556"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Voinyliv"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q550556"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[24.49416666666667,49.12861111111111],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Voinyliv","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Voinyliv</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ivano-Frankivsk_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|299x299px|Voinyliv is located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:25.229%;left:49.84%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Voinyliv]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Voliviny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nunawa ta Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ukraine_administrative_locations_map,_improved.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Voinyliv is located in Ukraine]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:41.528%;left:15.595%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Voinyliv]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Voliviny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Ukraine</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nunawa ta Ukraine</span></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Voinyliv&params=49_07_43_N_24_29_39_E_region:UA_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°07′43′′N</span> <span class="longitude">24°29′39′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.12861°N 24.49417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.12861; 24.49417</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:7}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Voinyliv&params=49_07_43_N_24_29_39_E_region:UA_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°07′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°29′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.12861°N 24.49417°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">49.12861; 24.49417</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oblast | class="infobox-data" |Ivano-Frankivsk |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Raion | class="infobox-data" |Kalush |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hromada | class="infobox-data" |Ginin Voinyliv hromada |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Da farko da aka ambata | class="infobox-data" |Karni na 15 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |2,601[[File:Decrease2.svg|link=|11x11px|Decrease]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">77316</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar yanki<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" | +380 03472 |} '''Voynyliv''' (Ukrainian) wani ƙauye ne a [[Ukraniya|yammacin Ukraine]]. Voynyliv yana cikin Kalush Raion na Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, kusan. 100 km daga [[Lviv]]. &nbsp;Birnin da ya fi kusa shi ne Kalush zuwa yamma. Nisa zuwa tashar jirgin kasa mafi kusa a Kalush yana da kilomita 22 kuma yana da kilomita 42 daga Voynyliv zuwa birnin Ivano-Frankivsk. &nbsp;&nbsp;Voinyliv ta dauki bakuncin gwamnatin ƙauyen Voinyliv hromada, ɗaya daga cikin hromadas na Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_voinyliv">{{Cite web |title=Войниловская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/voynylivska/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> Yawan jama'a: 2,601 (kimanin 2022) . Voynyliv yana cikin ƙasashen da ke cikin kogin Dniester kuma yana kusa da Kogin Sivka da Bolokhivka, masu ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Dniester. Lambar gidan waya don Voynyliv shine 77316 kuma lambar tarho ita ce +380 03472. A cikin 2002-2005 an gina makarantar a Voynyliv da aka tsara don dalibai 689. A cikin Kalush Raion akwai kuma karamin ƙauyen Dovhyi Voynyliv (Ukr.: ''Long Voynyliv''), wanda bai kamata a gauraye shi da garin Voynyliv ba. == Tarihi == An fara ambaton Voynyliv a cikin tarihi a ƙarni na 15, musamman a cikin bayanai game da faɗa tsakanin sojojin Turkiyya da sojojin Poland na Sarki Jan III Sobieski. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, an kafa ta a shekarar 1352 a matsayin ƙauye mai suna Prokopivka, kuma ta sami matsayin gari a shekarar 1443. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Voynyliv kamar yawancin Ukraine, ta kasance 'yar Poland ce kuma tana da mazauna kusan 1000. Ta kasance cibiyar ƙauye (Polish: gmina) a gundumar (Polish: powiat) ta Kalush. Yawan mutanen garin ya ƙunshi Yahudawa da ke kasuwanci da kuma 'yan Poland da 'yan Ukraine. Akwai cocin Roman Katolika a Voynyliv, kodayake Soviets sun rushe ta a 1945. A lokacin yaƙi tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe, akwai Ƙungiyar Masu Mulki ta Poland. Masu gidaje masu arziki na Poland suna da gidaje a ƙauyukan Serednye, Babyn da Dorokhiv da ke kusa. A 1926, an fara ƙungiyar masu kiwon madara ta farko a Voynyliv, wadda ta sami sakamako mai kyau, bayan haka wasu ƙungiyoyi suka fara bayyana. Akwai makarantu biyu a garin - daya don maza daya don mata. Har zuwa 26 ga Janairu 2024, an sanya Voinyliv a matsayin yanki na birni. A wannan rana, sabuwar doka ta fara aiki wacce ta soke wannan matsayi, kuma Voinyliv ta zama ƙauyen karkara. === Alamar makamai === Voynyliv yana da alamar makamai ta tarihi, an amince da ita a hukumance a shekara ta 1689. Ya nuna [[zaki]] yana fitowa daga bangon kagara kuma yana riƙe da kambi a hannunsa. Irin wannan zane na makamai na gari - zaki mai launin rawaya a kan bango mai launin shudi (launuka na ƙasa na Ukraine) tare da bango mai ƙarfi a ƙananan ɓangaren, yana aiki a matsayin alamar hukuma ta garin a yau. == Al'ummar Yahudawa == [[File:Voynyliv-Jewish-gravestone.jpg|left|thumb|204x204px|Dutsen kabarin Yahudawa tare da rubutun Ibrananci da aka zana da dabba ta almara a saman a makabartar Yahudawa ta Voynyliv. Harafin Ibrananci na sama na dama Shin Shin .]] Littafin Where Once We Walked ya bayyana cewa kafin yakin Voynyliv yana da yawan Yahudawa na mutane 944 kuma yana da haikalin Yahudawa. An kashe al'ummar Yahudawa na Voynyliv a cikin Holocaust, kodayake wasu Yahudawa da suka fito daga Voynyliv suna samuwa a Amurka da Ingila daga shige da fice kafin yaƙin. An adana ragowar makabartar Yahudawa a Voynyliv. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7q5eziher12euw1qof882excbfy6cch 970450 970443 2026-10-22T18:06:58Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 970450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Voliviny</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="uk">Yaƙe-yaƙe</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Rural settlement (Ukraine)|Gidajen karkara]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Voynyliv_(2).jpg|250x250px|Soviet era memorial to those who perished in World War II in Voynyliv. Building of Professional Technical College of Voynyliv is on the back.]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Abin tunawa da zamanin Soviet ga waɗanda suka mutu a Yaƙin Duniya na II a Voynyliv. Gine-gine na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Voynyliv yana bayan.</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="11" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Voinyliv","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q550556"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Voinyliv"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q550556"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[24.49416666666667,49.12861111111111],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Voinyliv","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Voinyliv</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ivano-Frankivsk_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|299x299px|Voinyliv is located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:25.229%;left:49.84%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Voinyliv]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Voliviny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nunawa ta Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ukraine_administrative_locations_map,_improved.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Voinyliv is located in Ukraine]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:41.528%;left:15.595%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Voinyliv]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div>Voliviny</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Ukraine</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nunawa ta Ukraine</span></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Voinyliv&params=49_07_43_N_24_29_39_E_region:UA_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°07′43′′N</span> <span class="longitude">24°29′39′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.12861°N 24.49417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.12861; 24.49417</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:7}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Voinyliv&params=49_07_43_N_24_29_39_E_region:UA_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°07′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°29′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.12861°N 24.49417°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">49.12861; 24.49417</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Oblast | class="infobox-data" |Ivano-Frankivsk |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Raion | class="infobox-data" |Kalush |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hromada | class="infobox-data" |Ginin Voinyliv hromada |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Da farko da aka ambata | class="infobox-data" |Karni na 15 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |2,601[[File:Decrease2.svg|link=|11x11px|Decrease]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">77316</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar yanki<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" | +380 03472 |} '''Voynyliv''' (Ukrainian) wani ƙauye ne a [[Ukraniya|yammacin Ukraine]]. Voynyliv yana cikin Kalush Raion na Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, kusan. 100 km daga [[Lviv]]. &nbsp;Birnin da ya fi kusa shi ne Kalush zuwa yamma. Nisa zuwa tashar jirgin kasa mafi kusa a Kalush yana da kilomita 22 kuma yana da kilomita 42 daga Voynyliv zuwa birnin Ivano-Frankivsk. &nbsp;&nbsp;Voinyliv ta dauki bakuncin gwamnatin ƙauyen Voinyliv hromada, ɗaya daga cikin hromadas na Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_voinyliv">{{Cite web |title=Войниловская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/voynylivska/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> Yawan jama'a: 2,601 (kimanin 2022) . Voynyliv yana cikin ƙasashen da ke cikin kogin Dniester kuma yana kusa da Kogin Sivka da Bolokhivka, masu ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Dniester. Lambar gidan waya don Voynyliv shine 77316 kuma lambar tarho ita ce +380 03472. A cikin 2002-2005 an gina makarantar a Voynyliv da aka tsara don dalibai 689. A cikin Kalush Raion akwai kuma karamin ƙauyen Dovhyi Voynyliv (Ukr.: ''Long Voynyliv''), wanda bai kamata a gauraye shi da garin Voynyliv ba. == Tarihi == An fara ambaton Voynyliv a cikin tarihi a ƙarni na 15, musamman a cikin bayanai game da faɗa tsakanin sojojin Turkiyya da sojojin Poland na Sarki Jan III Sobieski. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, an kafa ta a shekarar 1352 a matsayin ƙauye mai suna Prokopivka, kuma ta sami matsayin gari a shekarar 1443. Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Voynyliv kamar yawancin Ukraine, ta kasance 'yar Poland ce kuma tana da mazauna kusan 1000. Ta kasance cibiyar ƙauye (Polish: gmina) a gundumar (Polish: powiat) ta Kalush. Yawan mutanen garin ya ƙunshi Yahudawa da ke kasuwanci da kuma 'yan Poland da 'yan Ukraine. Akwai cocin Roman Katolika a Voynyliv, kodayake Soviets sun rushe ta a 1945. A lokacin yaƙi tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe, akwai Ƙungiyar Masu Mulki ta Poland. Masu gidaje masu arziki na Poland suna da gidaje a ƙauyukan Serednye, Babyn da Dorokhiv da ke kusa. A 1926, an fara ƙungiyar masu kiwon madara ta farko a Voynyliv, wadda ta sami sakamako mai kyau, bayan haka wasu ƙungiyoyi suka fara bayyana. Akwai makarantu biyu a garin - daya don maza daya don mata. Har zuwa 26 ga Janairu 2024, an sanya Voinyliv a matsayin yanki na birni. A wannan rana, sabuwar doka ta fara aiki wacce ta soke wannan matsayi, kuma Voinyliv ta zama ƙauyen karkara. === Alamar makamai === Voynyliv yana da alamar makamai ta tarihi, an amince da ita a hukumance a shekara ta 1689. Ya nuna [[zaki]] yana fitowa daga bangon kagara kuma yana riƙe da kambi a hannunsa. Irin wannan zane na makamai na gari - zaki mai launin rawaya a kan bango mai launin shudi (launuka na ƙasa na Ukraine) tare da bango mai ƙarfi a ƙananan ɓangaren, yana aiki a matsayin alamar hukuma ta garin a yau. == Al'ummar Yahudawa == [[File:Voynyliv-Jewish-gravestone.jpg|left|thumb|204x204px|Dutsen kabarin Yahudawa tare da rubutun Ibrananci da aka zana da dabba ta almara a saman a makabartar Yahudawa ta Voynyliv. Harafin Ibrananci na sama na dama Shin Shin .]] Littafin Where Once We Walked ya bayyana cewa kafin yakin Voynyliv yana da yawan Yahudawa na mutane 944 kuma yana da haikalin Yahudawa. An kashe al'ummar Yahudawa na Voynyliv a cikin Holocaust, kodayake wasu Yahudawa da suka fito daga Voynyliv suna samuwa a Amurka da Ingila daga shige da fice kafin yaƙin. An adana ragowar makabartar Yahudawa a Voynyliv. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fciqz8qdybjbgvnpod3qhhe6br8jyln 3 179584 970360 969635 2026-10-22T13:48:58Z Yahaya Goni Bukar 50153 /* 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our... 970360 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yahaya Goni Bukar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yahaya Goni Bukar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Yahaya Goni Bukar == 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-56057-08|~2026-56057-08]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-56057-08|talk]]) 18:01, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 == 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 [[User:Yahaya Goni Bukar|Yahaya Goni Bukar]] ([[User talk:Yahaya Goni Bukar|talk]]) 13:48, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) b7pcyk2edr40rzokiyku0f9b0maixuq 970361 970360 2026-10-22T13:51:16Z Yahaya Goni Bukar 50153 Nigeria is my country 970361 wikitext text/x-wiki gabata 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 == Yahaya Goni Bukar == 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-56057-08|~2026-56057-08]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-56057-08|talk]]) 18:01, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 == 🏛️ COMR. YAHAYA GONI BUKAR A Young Voice for Positive Change My name is Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar, a proud son of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. I am passionate about leadership, politics, youth empowerment, and community development. I believe that the future of our society depends on the commitment, unity, and active participation of young people. My vision is to inspire the younger generation, promote positive change, and contribute to building a better future for our community and our great nation, Nigeria. I believe that true leadership is about service, responsibility, integrity, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. My mission is to inspire, empower, and contribute to a brighter future for all. Together, we can build a better society. Comr. Yahaya Goni Bukar Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 🇳🇬 [[User:Yahaya Goni Bukar|Yahaya Goni Bukar]] ([[User talk:Yahaya Goni Bukar|talk]]) 13:48, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) joxd3v0jdovidgfepo9bmm8vdnxsor8 0 179758 970340 2026-10-22T12:24:51Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353607843|Patrick Carter (American football)]]" 970340 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Patrick Carter''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1985) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Baltimore Ravens ne suka sanya hannu a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a cikin shekara ta 2008. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Louisville . Carter ya kuma kasance memba na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Seahawks, Denver Broncos, Hartford Colonials, Miami Dolphins, da Toronto Argonauts. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan tsohon mai karɓar karɓar New York Giants [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim Carter]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == Patrick, kamar ɗan'uwansa [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim]], an zaba shi a matsayin Academic All-American a Jami'ar Louisville . Patrick ya sami nasarori masu ban sha'awa a [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]], waƙa da filin, da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Patrick ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lakewood a shekara ta 2003. === Kwallon kwando === Yayinda yake ƙarami, shi ne mutum na 6 a cikin ƙungiyar Champion Lakewood High School, tare da rikodin 33-2. Patrick ya lashe lambar yabo ta Mutum na 6, kuma ya karya rikodin jihar don katange harbe-harbe. === Kwallon ƙafa === Patrick ya kafa rikodin makarantar sakandare ta Lakewood guda bakwai a matsayin mai tsaron gida, gami da yawan kammalawar, jimlar yadudduka a cikin kakar, mafi girman ƙimar kammalawar, duka touchdowns, jimlar yadi a cikin wasa, matsakaicin matsakaicin yadudduka na kowane wasa, kuma ya ɗaure rikodin mafi tsawo (yadi 99) a kan kwata-kwata. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya kasance na 12 a cikin al'ummar a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai barazana biyu. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Carter ya halarci Georgia Tech, inda ya buga wasanni hudu cikin shekaru biyar a matsayin mai tsaron gida. A shekara ta 2004, ya taka leda a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa. A wannan shekarar, ya kuma cancanci mita 60 na cikin gida a cikin waƙa da filin. Ya kuma tafi gasar cin kofin ACC Indoor Championship . A shekara ta 2005, Carter ya koma Louisville. A shekara ta 2006, ya ci gaba da wasa a matsayin mai karɓar karɓa, kuma daga baya aka tura shi zuwa quarterback. A cikin Orange Bowl a wannan shekarar, ya jefa na farko kuma kawai touchdown wucewa (1st a Louisville BCS tarihi). Yayinda yake a Louisville, Carter ya kuma kafa rikodin waƙa da filin don mita 55, mita 60, mita 100 da mita 200. A lokacin babban shekarunsa, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar tawagarsa don lashe gasar Big East Track & Field Outdoor Championship, a wasu lokuta yana riƙe da rikodin a duka 100m da 200m. == Ayyukan NFL == A shekara ta 2007, Carter ya shiga shirin NFL, kuma an sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin Baltimore Ravens kyauta. A shekara ta 2008, Carter ya sanya hannu a Tampa Bay Buccaneers, kuma ya taka leda a tawagar motsa jiki don kakar. A shekara ta 2009, Carter ya sanya hannu tare da Seattle Seahawks kuma daga baya ya yi ciniki zuwa Miami Dolphins inda ya buga wasanni biyu kafin ya shiga CFL Toronto Argonauts, ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2012. == Ayyukan NFL na baya == Carter ya zama mai haɗin gwiwar Carter's Express, Inc. a cikin 2011. Kamfanin ya yi kwangila ga FedEx kuma yana aiki da motoci 20 na isar da kaya. Carter ya sayar da kamfanin a cikin 2018 don shiga matarsa, Brittney Carter, a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa na Life's Purpose . A cikin 2017, an hayar Carter a matsayin mai horar da masu karɓar baya da masu karɓa a Makarantar Kinkaid da ke [[Houston|Houston, Texas]]. A cikin 2023, an hayar Carter a matsayin babban mai sharhi a Jami'ar Mississippi tare da jaddada masu karɓa masu yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180005/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Labarin kwallon kafa na Louisville Cardinals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180010/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/c-track/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Louisville Cardinals track & field bio] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427015633/http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Patrick-Carter/2fc29790-a404-42cd-968b-7c26ae649913 Tarihin Seattle Seahawks] * [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=cartepat002&scoresort=6 Ma'aikatan Sakatarwa] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c1my3hobkmg9x43tndy2vylcpqkxx36 970341 970340 2026-10-22T12:25:50Z Aluja 30485 970341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Carter''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1985) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Baltimore Ravens ne suka sanya hannu a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a cikin shekara ta 2008. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Louisville . Carter ya kuma kasance memba na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Seahawks, Denver Broncos, Hartford Colonials, Miami Dolphins, da Toronto Argonauts. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan tsohon mai karɓar karɓar New York Giants [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim Carter]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == Patrick, kamar ɗan'uwansa [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim]], an zaba shi a matsayin Academic All-American a Jami'ar Louisville . Patrick ya sami nasarori masu ban sha'awa a [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]], waƙa da filin, da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Patrick ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lakewood a shekara ta 2003. === Kwallon kwando === Yayinda yake ƙarami, shi ne mutum na 6 a cikin ƙungiyar Champion Lakewood High School, tare da rikodin 33-2. Patrick ya lashe lambar yabo ta Mutum na 6, kuma ya karya rikodin jihar don katange harbe-harbe. === Kwallon ƙafa === Patrick ya kafa rikodin makarantar sakandare ta Lakewood guda bakwai a matsayin mai tsaron gida, gami da yawan kammalawar, jimlar yadudduka a cikin kakar, mafi girman ƙimar kammalawar, duka touchdowns, jimlar yadi a cikin wasa, matsakaicin matsakaicin yadudduka na kowane wasa, kuma ya ɗaure rikodin mafi tsawo (yadi 99) a kan kwata-kwata. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya kasance na 12 a cikin al'ummar a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai barazana biyu. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Carter ya halarci Georgia Tech, inda ya buga wasanni hudu cikin shekaru biyar a matsayin mai tsaron gida. A shekara ta 2004, ya taka leda a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa. A wannan shekarar, ya kuma cancanci mita 60 na cikin gida a cikin waƙa da filin. Ya kuma tafi gasar cin kofin ACC Indoor Championship . A shekara ta 2005, Carter ya koma Louisville. A shekara ta 2006, ya ci gaba da wasa a matsayin mai karɓar karɓa, kuma daga baya aka tura shi zuwa quarterback. A cikin Orange Bowl a wannan shekarar, ya jefa na farko kuma kawai touchdown wucewa (1st a Louisville BCS tarihi). Yayinda yake a Louisville, Carter ya kuma kafa rikodin waƙa da filin don mita 55, mita 60, mita 100 da mita 200. A lokacin babban shekarunsa, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar tawagarsa don lashe gasar Big East Track & Field Outdoor Championship, a wasu lokuta yana riƙe da rikodin a duka 100m da 200m. == Ayyukan NFL == A shekara ta 2007, Carter ya shiga shirin NFL, kuma an sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin Baltimore Ravens kyauta. A shekara ta 2008, Carter ya sanya hannu a Tampa Bay Buccaneers, kuma ya taka leda a tawagar motsa jiki don kakar. A shekara ta 2009, Carter ya sanya hannu tare da Seattle Seahawks kuma daga baya ya yi ciniki zuwa Miami Dolphins inda ya buga wasanni biyu kafin ya shiga CFL Toronto Argonauts, ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2012. == Ayyukan NFL na baya == Carter ya zama mai haɗin gwiwar Carter's Express, Inc. a cikin 2011. Kamfanin ya yi kwangila ga FedEx kuma yana aiki da motoci 20 na isar da kaya. Carter ya sayar da kamfanin a cikin 2018 don shiga matarsa, Brittney Carter, a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa na Life's Purpose . A cikin 2017, an hayar Carter a matsayin mai horar da masu karɓar baya da masu karɓa a Makarantar Kinkaid da ke [[Houston|Houston, Texas]]. A cikin 2023, an hayar Carter a matsayin babban mai sharhi a Jami'ar Mississippi tare da jaddada masu karɓa masu yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180005/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Labarin kwallon kafa na Louisville Cardinals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180010/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/c-track/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Louisville Cardinals track & field bio] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427015633/http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Patrick-Carter/2fc29790-a404-42cd-968b-7c26ae649913 Tarihin Seattle Seahawks] * [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=cartepat002&scoresort=6 Ma'aikatan Sakatarwa] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e8b22tsmac62n08mnn14vkh39xu8unu 970342 970341 2026-10-22T12:27:49Z Aluja 30485 970342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Carter''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1985) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Baltimore Ravens ne suka sanya hannu a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a cikin shekara ta 2008. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Louisville . Carter ya kuma kasance memba na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Seahawks, Denver Broncos, Hartford Colonials, Miami Dolphins, da Toronto Argonauts. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan tsohon mai karɓar karɓar New York Giants [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim Carter]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Patrick Carter |url=https://www.prosportstransactions.com/football/Search/SearchResults.php?Player=Patrick+Carter&Team=&BeginDate=&EndDate=&PlayerMovementChkBx=yes&ILChkBx=yes&NBADLChkBx=yes&InjuriesChkBx=yes&PersonalChkBx=yes&DisciplinaryChkBx=yes&LegalChkBx=yes&submit=Search |website=Pro Sports Transactions |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Patrick, kamar ɗan'uwansa [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim]], an zaba shi a matsayin Academic All-American a Jami'ar Louisville . Patrick ya sami nasarori masu ban sha'awa a [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]], waƙa da filin, da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Patrick ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lakewood a shekara ta 2003. === Kwallon kwando === Yayinda yake ƙarami, shi ne mutum na 6 a cikin ƙungiyar Champion Lakewood High School, tare da rikodin 33-2. Patrick ya lashe lambar yabo ta Mutum na 6, kuma ya karya rikodin jihar don katange harbe-harbe. === Kwallon ƙafa === Patrick ya kafa rikodin makarantar sakandare ta Lakewood guda bakwai a matsayin mai tsaron gida, gami da yawan kammalawar, jimlar yadudduka a cikin kakar, mafi girman ƙimar kammalawar, duka touchdowns, jimlar yadi a cikin wasa, matsakaicin matsakaicin yadudduka na kowane wasa, kuma ya ɗaure rikodin mafi tsawo (yadi 99) a kan kwata-kwata. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya kasance na 12 a cikin al'ummar a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai barazana biyu. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Carter ya halarci Georgia Tech, inda ya buga wasanni hudu cikin shekaru biyar a matsayin mai tsaron gida. A shekara ta 2004, ya taka leda a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa. A wannan shekarar, ya kuma cancanci mita 60 na cikin gida a cikin waƙa da filin. Ya kuma tafi gasar cin kofin ACC Indoor Championship . A shekara ta 2005, Carter ya koma Louisville. A shekara ta 2006, ya ci gaba da wasa a matsayin mai karɓar karɓa, kuma daga baya aka tura shi zuwa quarterback. A cikin Orange Bowl a wannan shekarar, ya jefa na farko kuma kawai touchdown wucewa (1st a Louisville BCS tarihi). Yayinda yake a Louisville, Carter ya kuma kafa rikodin waƙa da filin don mita 55, mita 60, mita 100 da mita 200. A lokacin babban shekarunsa, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar tawagarsa don lashe gasar Big East Track & Field Outdoor Championship, a wasu lokuta yana riƙe da rikodin a duka 100m da 200m. == Ayyukan NFL == A shekara ta 2007, Carter ya shiga shirin NFL, kuma an sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin Baltimore Ravens kyauta. A shekara ta 2008, Carter ya sanya hannu a Tampa Bay Buccaneers, kuma ya taka leda a tawagar motsa jiki don kakar. A shekara ta 2009, Carter ya sanya hannu tare da Seattle Seahawks kuma daga baya ya yi ciniki zuwa Miami Dolphins inda ya buga wasanni biyu kafin ya shiga CFL Toronto Argonauts, ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2012. == Ayyukan NFL na baya == Carter ya zama mai haɗin gwiwar Carter's Express, Inc. a cikin 2011. Kamfanin ya yi kwangila ga FedEx kuma yana aiki da motoci 20 na isar da kaya. Carter ya sayar da kamfanin a cikin 2018 don shiga matarsa, Brittney Carter, a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa na Life's Purpose . A cikin 2017, an hayar Carter a matsayin mai horar da masu karɓar baya da masu karɓa a Makarantar Kinkaid da ke [[Houston|Houston, Texas]]. A cikin 2023, an hayar Carter a matsayin babban mai sharhi a Jami'ar Mississippi tare da jaddada masu karɓa masu yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180005/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Labarin kwallon kafa na Louisville Cardinals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180010/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/c-track/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Louisville Cardinals track & field bio] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427015633/http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Patrick-Carter/2fc29790-a404-42cd-968b-7c26ae649913 Tarihin Seattle Seahawks] * [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=cartepat002&scoresort=6 Ma'aikatan Sakatarwa] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sneaul7prpinrefx5b45jrqlj1o2fr9 970343 970342 2026-10-22T12:28:28Z Aluja 30485 970343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Patrick Carter''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1985) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Baltimore Ravens ne suka sanya hannu a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a cikin shekara ta 2008. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Louisville . Carter ya kuma kasance memba na Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Seahawks, Denver Broncos, Hartford Colonials, Miami Dolphins, da Toronto Argonauts. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan tsohon mai karɓar karɓar New York Giants [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim Carter]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Patrick Carter |url=https://www.prosportstransactions.com/football/Search/SearchResults.php?Player=Patrick+Carter&Team=&BeginDate=&EndDate=&PlayerMovementChkBx=yes&ILChkBx=yes&NBADLChkBx=yes&InjuriesChkBx=yes&PersonalChkBx=yes&DisciplinaryChkBx=yes&LegalChkBx=yes&submit=Search |website=Pro Sports Transactions |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Patrick, kamar ɗan'uwansa [[Tim Carter (mai karɓa mai faɗi)|Tim]], an zaba shi a matsayin Academic All-American a Jami'ar Louisville . Patrick ya sami nasarori masu ban sha'awa a [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]], waƙa da filin, da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Patrick ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lakewood a shekara ta 2003. === Kwallon kwando === Yayinda yake ƙarami, shi ne mutum na 6 a cikin ƙungiyar Champion Lakewood High School, tare da rikodin 33-2. Patrick ya lashe lambar yabo ta Mutum na 6, kuma ya karya rikodin jihar don katange harbe-harbe. === Kwallon ƙafa === Patrick ya kafa rikodin makarantar sakandare ta Lakewood guda bakwai a matsayin mai tsaron gida, gami da yawan kammalawar, jimlar yadudduka a cikin kakar, mafi girman ƙimar kammalawar, duka touchdowns, jimlar yadi a cikin wasa, matsakaicin matsakaicin yadudduka na kowane wasa, kuma ya ɗaure rikodin mafi tsawo (yadi 99) a kan kwata-kwata. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya kasance na 12 a cikin al'ummar a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai barazana biyu. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Carter ya halarci Georgia Tech, inda ya buga wasanni hudu cikin shekaru biyar a matsayin mai tsaron gida. A shekara ta 2004, ya taka leda a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa. A wannan shekarar, ya kuma cancanci mita 60 na cikin gida a cikin waƙa da filin. Ya kuma tafi gasar cin kofin ACC Indoor Championship . A shekara ta 2005, Carter ya koma Louisville. A shekara ta 2006, ya ci gaba da wasa a matsayin mai karɓar karɓa, kuma daga baya aka tura shi zuwa quarterback. A cikin Orange Bowl a wannan shekarar, ya jefa na farko kuma kawai touchdown wucewa (1st a Louisville BCS tarihi). Yayinda yake a Louisville, Carter ya kuma kafa rikodin waƙa da filin don mita 55, mita 60, mita 100 da mita 200. A lokacin babban shekarunsa, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar tawagarsa don lashe gasar Big East Track & Field Outdoor Championship, a wasu lokuta yana riƙe da rikodin a duka 100m da 200m. == Ayyukan NFL == A shekara ta 2007, Carter ya shiga shirin NFL, kuma an sanya hannu a matsayin wakilin Baltimore Ravens kyauta. A shekara ta 2008, Carter ya sanya hannu a Tampa Bay Buccaneers, kuma ya taka leda a tawagar motsa jiki don kakar. A shekara ta 2009, Carter ya sanya hannu tare da Seattle Seahawks kuma daga baya ya yi ciniki zuwa Miami Dolphins inda ya buga wasanni biyu kafin ya shiga CFL Toronto Argonauts, ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2012. == Ayyukan NFL na baya == Carter ya zama mai haɗin gwiwar Carter's Express, Inc. a cikin 2011. Kamfanin ya yi kwangila ga FedEx kuma yana aiki da motoci 20 na isar da kaya. Carter ya sayar da kamfanin a cikin 2018 don shiga matarsa, Brittney Carter, a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa na Life's Purpose . A cikin 2017, an hayar Carter a matsayin mai horar da masu karɓar baya da masu karɓa a Makarantar Kinkaid da ke [[Houston|Houston, Texas]]. A cikin 2023, an hayar Carter a matsayin babban mai sharhi a Jami'ar Mississippi tare da jaddada masu karɓa masu yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180005/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Labarin kwallon kafa na Louisville Cardinals] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006180010/http://www.uoflsports.com/sports/c-track/mtt/carter_patrick00.html Louisville Cardinals track & field bio] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100427015633/http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Patrick-Carter/2fc29790-a404-42cd-968b-7c26ae649913 Tarihin Seattle Seahawks] * [http://www.justsportsstats.com/footballstatsindex.php?player_id=cartepat002&scoresort=6 Ma'aikatan Sakatarwa] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qjn3bwqnp31ppjo1pikyu7534rfq5kj 0 179759 970344 2026-10-22T12:38:25Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375387225|Kysha Sylla]]" 970344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10. Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille, kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23. Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mwu2772bknf70xqribqwts2yf29r4kv 970345 970344 2026-10-22T12:38:59Z Aluja 30485 970345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10. Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille, kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23. Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n0b7n0xx0ul03wcqad2qbvfnvwy4sf4 970346 970345 2026-10-22T12:39:48Z Aluja 30485 970346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10. Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille, kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23. Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] agnntezpaz8ly5g95gghfx4dfcxq4xa 970347 970346 2026-10-22T12:43:49Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille, kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23. Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] frnwlwepe48xobsfhgokt40xuqugzud 970348 970347 2026-10-22T12:45:53Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23. Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mlekuym9au524xkbo1o2ij4lcm17vf0 970349 970348 2026-10-22T13:05:28Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23. Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] o4qf392wfh46thsxsv85yo2ec8viy3t 970350 970349 2026-10-22T13:09:08Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026. A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qpum3pu0pu1rgiawzs88x9iidbd0yzk 970351 970350 2026-10-22T13:10:49Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026.<ref name="OL24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-prolonge-son-aventure-avec-le-club-jusqu-en-2026|title=Kysha Sylla prolonge son aventure avec le club jusqu'en 2026|date=2024-07-16|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3s07gzwgeyar6ftye5bqzowf5ngke4f 970352 970351 2026-10-22T13:12:15Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026.<ref name="OL24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-prolonge-son-aventure-avec-le-club-jusqu-en-2026|title=Kysha Sylla prolonge son aventure avec le club jusqu'en 2026|date=2024-07-16|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kysha-sylla-is-bianconera|title= Kysha Sylla is Bianconera! |date=2026-07-16|publisher=[[Juventus FC (women)|Juventus]]|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] giaj81impxsfldz0dadqd8ej0n9rh21 970353 970352 2026-10-22T13:13:45Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026.<ref name="OL24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-prolonge-son-aventure-avec-le-club-jusqu-en-2026|title=Kysha Sylla prolonge son aventure avec le club jusqu'en 2026|date=2024-07-16|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-pretee-au-paris-fc|title=Kysha Sylla prêtée au Paris FC|date=2026-01-02|publisher=[[OL Lyonnes]]|access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kysha-sylla-is-bianconera|title= Kysha Sylla is Bianconera! |date=2026-07-16|publisher=[[Juventus FC (women)|Juventus]]|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ld6lsklg1k6l0va7yv9zeeggrmo5oal 970354 970353 2026-10-22T13:15:51Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 970354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026.<ref name="OL24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-prolonge-son-aventure-avec-le-club-jusqu-en-2026|title=Kysha Sylla prolonge son aventure avec le club jusqu'en 2026|date=2024-07-16|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance.<ref name="FS">{{Flashscore}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-pretee-au-paris-fc|title=Kysha Sylla prêtée au Paris FC|date=2026-01-02|publisher=[[OL Lyonnes]]|access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kysha-sylla-is-bianconera|title= Kysha Sylla is Bianconera! |date=2026-07-16|publisher=[[Juventus FC (women)|Juventus]]|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hqit9rawmvldaw0tgx2jlhh46yw3dtb 970355 970354 2026-10-22T13:16:56Z Aluja 30485 /* Daraja */ 970355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026.<ref name="OL24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-prolonge-son-aventure-avec-le-club-jusqu-en-2026|title=Kysha Sylla prolonge son aventure avec le club jusqu'en 2026|date=2024-07-16|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance.<ref name="FS">{{Flashscore}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-pretee-au-paris-fc|title=Kysha Sylla prêtée au Paris FC|date=2026-01-02|publisher=[[OL Lyonnes]]|access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kysha-sylla-is-bianconera|title= Kysha Sylla is Bianconera! |date=2026-07-16|publisher=[[Juventus FC (women)|Juventus]]|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025<ref>{{cite news|url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/08/recap-short-handed-spirit-wins-2025-nwsl-challenge-cup/|title=Recap: Short-Handed Spirit Wins 2025 NWSL Challenge Cup|date=2025-03-08|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=2025-03-08}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6sax2uoa0qf6ehgu0ichdt1a9yuoft3 970356 970355 2026-10-22T13:18:26Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kasa da kasa */ 970356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kysha Emilie Zéna Laurence Sylla''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Faransa wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya a kungiyar Juventus ta mata ta Serie A . == Ayyukan kulob == Sylla ta girma a Martigues, a wajen [[Marseille]], kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da yara maza a CA Croix Sainte tana da shekaru 10.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-je-suis-une-pure-dure-et-vraie-defenseure/|title=Kysha Sylla: «Je suis une pure, dure et vraie défenseure» |date=2023-01-18|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Asalin ta kasance mai tsakiya mai tsaron gida, daga baya ta horar da Martigues da Marseille,<ref name="DF23"/> kafin ta shiga makarantar Lyon a shekarar 2019. <ref name="OL21" /> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da Lyon, ta sanya hannu ka yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref name="OL21">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel-1|title=Kysha Sylla signe son premier contrat professionnel|date=2021-10-08|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 19 a shekarar 2022. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2023, Sylla ta tafi aro ga Dijon don sauran kakar 2022-23.<ref name="DF23">{{cite news|url=https://www.dfco.fr/kysha-sylla-en-pret-au-dfco/|title=Kysha Sylla en prêt au DFCO|date=2023-01-17|publisher=[[Dijon FCO (women)|Dijon FCO]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni tara ga Dijon a duk gasa, ta fara bakwai daga cikinsu.<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway}}</ref> Sylla ta fara buga wasan farko a Lyon a ranar 3 ga Maris 2024, tana wasa da rabi na farko na nasarar da suka samu 3-1 a kan Dijon. <ref name="SW" /> Ta buga wasanni biyar a kakar 2023-24, ciki har da farawa uku, bayan haka ta tsawaita kwantiraginta da kulob din zuwa 2026.<ref name="OL24">{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-prolonge-son-aventure-avec-le-club-jusqu-en-2026|title=Kysha Sylla prolonge son aventure avec le club jusqu'en 2026|date=2024-07-16|publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin]]|access-date=2025-02-06|language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun 2025, Sylla ta shiga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa]] ta Washington Spirit (kamar Lyon, mallakar Michele Kang) a kan aro don kakar 2025, yayin da ta sake sanya hannu kan kwangilarta zuwa 2027. Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, inda ta maye gurbin Narumi Miura a nasarar 2-0 a kan Bay FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=2025-03-29 |title=Recap: Ashley Hatch Shines as Spirit Tallies First Home Win of The Season Against Bay FC |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/29/recap-ashley-hatch-shines-as-spirit-tallies-first-home-win-of-the-season-against-bay-fc/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin nahiyar, ta ci kungiyar Alianza ta El Salvador 7-0 a matakin rukuni na CONCACAF W Champions Cup. A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, ta maye gurbin Tara McKeown da ta ji rauni a karin lokaci a kan Racing Louisville, sannan ba a yi amfani da sauran wasan ba yayin da Ruhu ya kai gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Gotham FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kysha Sylla 2025 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/b86a8726/matchlogs/2025/Kysha-Sylla-Match-Logs |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 18, ta fara 5, a duk gasa a lokacin rance.<ref name="FS">{{Flashscore}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2026, Sylla ta sake fita a kan aro ga Paris FC don sauran kakar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ol.fr/fr/actualites/kysha-sylla-pretee-au-paris-fc|title=Kysha Sylla prêtée au Paris FC|date=2026-01-02|publisher=[[OL Lyonnes]]|access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2026, Sylla ta koma kungiyar Juventus ta Italiya a kan canja wurin dindindin, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kysha-sylla-is-bianconera|title= Kysha Sylla is Bianconera! |date=2026-07-16|publisher=[[Juventus FC (women)|Juventus]]|access-date=2026-07-16}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sylla ta buga wa Faransa U-20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20, <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnews.fr/sport/2022-08-11/coupe-du-monde-u20-feminine-kysha-sylla-lambitieuse-bleuette-1252877|title=Coupe du monde U20 féminine: Kysha Sylla, l'ambitieuse bleuette|date=2022-08-11|last=El Abadi|first=Saïd|access-date=2025-02-06|publisher=[[CNews]]|language=fr}}</ref> tun daga wasan da suka yi da Japan.<ref name="SW" /> == Daraja == '''OL Lyonnes''' * Lig na farko: 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-242023–24 * [[Gasar Zakarun Mata ta UEFA]]: 2021-222021–22 * Kyautar Zakarun: 2022 * Kofin Zakarun Duniya na Mata: 2022 * Kofin Faransa na Mata: 2022-23[[2022–23 Coupe de France Féminine|2022–23]] '''Washington Spirit''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2025<ref>{{cite news|url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2025/03/08/recap-short-handed-spirit-wins-2025-nwsl-challenge-cup/|title=Recap: Short-Handed Spirit Wins 2025 NWSL Challenge Cup|date=2025-03-08|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=2025-03-08}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sx5ghwsny38ahlyl83jvxxq7sxyjr0i 0 179760 970358 2026-10-22T13:31:20Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372078032|VinFast VF e34]]" 970358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''VinFast VF e34''', wanda aka fi sani da '''VinFast Nerio Green''', ƙaramin SUV ne mai amfani da batir mai amfani da wutar lantarki ( B-segment ) wanda VinFast na Vingroup ya ƙera tun 2021. Tun daga shekarar 2025, an sake wa samfurin suna zuwa VinFast Nerio Green a Vietnam da Indonesia don nuna yadda yake mayar da hankali a matsayin abin hawa na kasuwanci, raba motoci da kuma wanda ke da alaƙa da taksi, duk da haka, yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kasuwa ga masu siyar da kaya. Kafin a sake sanya wa wannan suna, an sanya wa wannan nau'in taksi na Green SM a Indonesia suna VinFast Limo Green . Tun daga lokacin, an canza sunan Limo Green zuwa samfurin MPV/minivan . == Bayani == A rabin watan Janairun 2021, VinFast ya gabatar da jerin motocinsa na farko masu amfani da wutar lantarki, wadanda suka kunshi motoci uku masu girma dabam-dabam. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-22 |title=Vietnam's Vinfast reveals trio of electric SUVs, including 2 for US |url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1131027_vietnam-s-vinfast-reveals-trio-of-electric-suvs-including-2-for-us |access-date=2021-01-24 |language=en}}</ref> Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu shine samfurin ƙaramin tsari mai suna VF e34. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinfast VF e34 2021 |url=https://www.xeoto.com.vn/vinfast/vf-e34 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123204354/https://www.xeoto.com.vn/vinfast/vf-e34 |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |access-date=2021-03-24 |language=vi}}</ref> An samar da samfurin mai suna VinFast SCP a lokacin haɓakawa, wanda kamfanin kera ƙira na asali na ƙasar Sin (ODM) Shanghai Launch Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., wanda ke aiki a ƙasashen duniya a matsayin LS Auto, tare da "VinFast VFe32" (wanda aka fitar a matsayin VinFast VF 5 ) ya ƙirƙiro shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanghai Longsheng Automotive Design Co., Ltd., |url=https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H2_AN202401221617905665_1.pdf |quote=截至 2023 年 6 月 30 日，该 SCP 项目的主协议《VEHICLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING SERVICES AGREEMENT》（《车辆设计与开 发工程服务协议》）已经履行完毕，部分补充协议尚在履行中。经过 SCP 项目 上海龙创汽车设计股份有限公司 招股说明书（申报稿） 1-1-363 的合作后，公司已与 VinFast 建立了良好的合作关系，其后续的车型开发项目已 于 2021}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, an kai rukunin farko na Vinfast VF e34s 100 ga abokan cinikin Vietnam, VF e34 kuma ya zama samfurin motar lantarki ta farko ta VinFast da kuma motar lantarki ta farko da aka ƙera aka sayar a Vietnam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Doll |first=Scooter |date=2021-12-28 |title=VinFast delivers first ever Vietnamese EVs to local customers |url=https://electrek.co/2021/12/28/vinfast-delivers-first-ever-vietnamese-evs-to-local-customers/ |access-date=2022-01-16 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:VinFast_VFe34_rear_view.png|left|thumb| Dubawa ta baya]] A farkon shekarar 2025, VinFast ya sabunta e34 da sabon sunan Nerio Green, don saita shi a matsayin abin hawa na kasuwanci, rabawa da kuma wanda ke da alaƙa da taksi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=baohaiduong.vn/en |date=2025-01-09 |title=VinFast launches special Green product optimized for transportation service business |url=https://baohaiduong.vn/en/vinfast-ra-mat-san-pham-green-dac-biet-toi-uu-cho-kinh-doanh-dich-vu-van-tai-402608.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=baohaiduong.vn/en |language=en}}</ref> == Tsaro == {{ASEAN NCAP|year=2022|description=Vinfast VF e34|reference_code=9551|overall_stars=4|adult_points=35.92|child_points=17.71|safety_points=12.86|motorcycle_points=12.50}} == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|https://vinfastauto.id/en/vfe34}} (Indonesiya) 2gjgz3r62ugncqkmis26qkt5ell0xxh 970359 970358 2026-10-22T13:34:18Z Baffa ali 47435 970359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''VinFast VF e34''', wanda aka fi sani da '''VinFast Nerio Green''', ƙaramin SUV ne mai amfani da batir mai amfani da wutar lantarki ( B-segment ) wanda VinFast na Vingroup ya ƙera tun 2021. Tun daga shekarar 2025, an sake wa samfurin suna zuwa VinFast Nerio Green a Vietnam da Indonesia don nuna yadda yake mayar da hankali a matsayin abin hawa na kasuwanci, raba motoci da kuma wanda ke da alaƙa da taksi, duk da haka, yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kasuwa ga masu siyar da kaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=VCCorp.vn |title=Cận cảnh 2 dòng xe điện VinFast Nerio Green và Herio Green |url=https://autopro.com.vn/can-canh-2-dong-xe-dien-vinfast-nerio-green-va-herio-green-177250320103635352.chn |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=autopro.com.vn |language=vi}}</ref> Kafin a sake sanya wa wannan suna, an sanya wa wannan nau'in taksi na Green SM a Indonesia suna VinFast Limo Green . Tun daga lokacin, an canza sunan Limo Green zuwa samfurin MPV/minivan . == Bayani == A rabin watan Janairun 2021, VinFast ya gabatar da jerin motocinsa na farko masu amfani da wutar lantarki, wadanda suka kunshi motoci uku masu girma dabam-dabam. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-22 |title=Vietnam's Vinfast reveals trio of electric SUVs, including 2 for US |url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1131027_vietnam-s-vinfast-reveals-trio-of-electric-suvs-including-2-for-us |access-date=2021-01-24 |language=en}}</ref> Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu shine samfurin ƙaramin tsari mai suna VF e34. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinfast VF e34 2021 |url=https://www.xeoto.com.vn/vinfast/vf-e34 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123204354/https://www.xeoto.com.vn/vinfast/vf-e34 |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |access-date=2021-03-24 |language=vi}}</ref> An samar da samfurin mai suna VinFast SCP a lokacin haɓakawa, wanda kamfanin kera ƙira na asali na ƙasar Sin (ODM) Shanghai Launch Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., wanda ke aiki a ƙasashen duniya a matsayin LS Auto, tare da "VinFast VFe32" (wanda aka fitar a matsayin VinFast VF 5 ) ya ƙirƙiro shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanghai Longsheng Automotive Design Co., Ltd., |url=https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H2_AN202401221617905665_1.pdf |quote=截至 2023 年 6 月 30 日，该 SCP 项目的主协议《VEHICLE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING SERVICES AGREEMENT》（《车辆设计与开 发工程服务协议》）已经履行完毕，部分补充协议尚在履行中。经过 SCP 项目 上海龙创汽车设计股份有限公司 招股说明书（申报稿） 1-1-363 的合作后，公司已与 VinFast 建立了良好的合作关系，其后续的车型开发项目已 于 2021}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, an kai rukunin farko na Vinfast VF e34s 100 ga abokan cinikin Vietnam, VF e34 kuma ya zama samfurin motar lantarki ta farko ta VinFast da kuma motar lantarki ta farko da aka ƙera aka sayar a Vietnam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Doll |first=Scooter |date=2021-12-28 |title=VinFast delivers first ever Vietnamese EVs to local customers |url=https://electrek.co/2021/12/28/vinfast-delivers-first-ever-vietnamese-evs-to-local-customers/ |access-date=2022-01-16 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:VinFast_VFe34_rear_view.png|left|thumb| Dubawa ta baya]] A farkon shekarar 2025, VinFast ya sabunta e34 da sabon sunan Nerio Green, don saita shi a matsayin abin hawa na kasuwanci, rabawa da kuma wanda ke da alaƙa da taksi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=baohaiduong.vn/en |date=2025-01-09 |title=VinFast launches special Green product optimized for transportation service business |url=https://baohaiduong.vn/en/vinfast-ra-mat-san-pham-green-dac-biet-toi-uu-cho-kinh-doanh-dich-vu-van-tai-402608.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=baohaiduong.vn/en |language=en}}</ref> == Tsaro == {{ASEAN NCAP|year=2022|description=Vinfast VF e34|reference_code=9551|overall_stars=4|adult_points=35.92|child_points=17.71|safety_points=12.86|motorcycle_points=12.50}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|https://vinfastauto.id/en/vfe34}} (Indonesiya) == Manazarta == d32bqqzlfuiiv4xzsupzqogm7vq78tx 0 179761 970362 2026-10-22T13:57:38Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380660499|Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia]]" 970362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wurin Tsarki na Aphrodite Paphia''' wuri ne na ibada da aka keɓe wa allahiya Aphrodite a tsohuwar Palaepaphos a [[Cyprus]], kusa da ƙauyen Kouklia na zamani. An kafa ta ne a ƙarni na 12 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) bayan [[Rushewar Zamanin Bronze|rugujewar zamanin Tagulla]] . Tana nan ne a wurin haihuwar Aphrodite na tatsuniyoyi kuma a zamanin da, an san ta a duniya a matsayin babban wurin ibadar Aphrodite. Wurin ibadar ya ci gaba da aiki tsawon sama da ƙarni goma sha biyar, inda ya rikide ya zama babban cibiyar addini ta yankin [[Bahar Rum]] a lokacin zamanin Ptolemaic da Romawa kafin ƙarshensa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 4 AD. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=214–215 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|edition=William L.}}</ref> Wurin da ya ƙunshi birnin Palaepaphos gaba ɗaya (Tsohon Paphos) ana kuma kiransa "Kouklia-Palaepaphos" don ƙara bambanta shi da birnin Nea Paphos da ke kusa (Sabon Paphos) wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa; marubutan da suka gabata sun saba rikitar da su biyun. An rubuta wurin tarihi na wurin ajiyar kayan tarihi na UNESCO a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin tarihi na duniya]] a shekarar 1980 da sunan "Masallacin Aphrodite a ƙauyen Kouklia" saboda muhimmancinsa na addini a tarihi. <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Paphos |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/79 |access-date=30 May 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken masana kan asalin ayyukan ibada a Kouklia-Palaepaphos ya dogara ne akan ragowar gine-gine, binciken epigraphic, da al'adun adabi na gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jasink |first=Anna Margherita |year=2010 |title=The Role of Cyprus and the Mycenaean / Greek Presence in the Island from the End of Bronze Age to the First Phases of Iron Age |url=http://smea.isma.cnr.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Jasink_The-role-of-Cyprus-and-the-Mycenaean-Greek-presence-in-the-island.pdf |journal=Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici |volume=52 |page=153 |access-date=14 September 2026}}</ref> An gina manyan tambarin ashlar na Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite Paphia a Kouklia-Palaepaphos c. 1200 BC . Da farko ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar bautar birane ga birnin Paphos, wanda aka kafa wurin zamansa mai suna iri ɗaya - daga baya aka sake masa suna Palaepaphos - shekaru 500 da suka gabata a zamanin Tagulla, kusan 1700 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, a matsayin ƙofar bakin teku da cibiyar cinikin teku da ta ƙware wajen fitar da jan ƙarfe . [[File:The_remains_of_the_Bronze_Age_temenos_wall,_Palaepaphos,_the_famous_Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite,_a_large_centre_of_worship_established_in_the_12th_century_BC,_Kouklia,_Cyprus.jpg|thumb| Ragowar bangon zamanin Tagulla na Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite Paphia, ƙarni na 12 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS).]] Sauye-sauyen bakin teku da kuma [[Seltation|rugujewar ƙasa]] sun hana Palaepaphos tashar jiragen ruwa a wani lokaci kafin ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, wanda hakan ya haifar da kafa Nea Paphos a matsayin babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta gwamnati. A zamanin Ptolemaic da Romawa, mahajjata dole ne su kusanci Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite da ƙafa daga Nea Paphos ko ta hanyoyin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa maimakon isa kai tsaye ta jirgin ruwa kamar yadda suka yi a lokacin da tashar jiragen ruwa har yanzu ana amfani da ita. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=205 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}}</ref> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == === Haƙa ramin farko === Binciken farko na kayan tarihi a wurin ajiye kayan tarihi na Paphos ya fara ne da Asusun Binciken Tsibirin Cyprus na Burtaniya a tsakanin 1887-1888, sannan kuma aikin filin a shekarar 1950 karkashin jagorancin Terence B. Mitford . Waɗannan tono-tonen da aka yi a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin sun gano ma'ajiyar da aka raba a zamanin Tagulla na Ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin gine-ginen Romawa da na zamanin da, suna samar da tukwane na Late Cypriot tare da tarkacen tagulla . [[File:Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite,_Palaepaphos.jpg|thumb| Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite, Palaepaphos]] == Nassoshi na adabi == Marubutan tarihi na da suna yawan ambaton wurin ibada. ''Waƙoƙin Homeric'' da aka rubuta tsakanin ƙarni na 7-4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa kuma an danganta su da [[Homer]] a zamanin da, an ambaci wurin ibada a cikin ''Waƙar 5 ga Aphrodite'' : : Ta [Aphrodite] ta tafi Kypros, zuwa Paphos, inda yankinta yake da kuma bagadinta mai ƙamshi, ta kuma wuce zuwa haikalinta mai ƙamshi mai daɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> [[Strabo]] ya bayyana hakan: : Palaipaphos [a Kypros], wanda a ƙarshe yake a kusan stadia goma a saman teku, yana da wurin ajiye kaya, da kuma tsohon haikalin Aphrodite Paphia. . Sai kuma [bayan haka] zuwa ga Zephyria mai tsayi, tare da wurin sauka, da kuma wani Arsinoe, wanda shi ma yana da wurin sauka da haikali da kuma wurin ibada. Kuma Hierokepis yana da ɗan nisa daga teku. Sai kuma zuwa Paphos, wanda Agapenor ya kafa, kuma yana da tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma haikali masu kyau. Yana da nisan mil sittin daga Palaiphaphos ta ƙasa; kuma a wannan hanyar maza tare da mata, waɗanda suma ke taruwa a nan daga sauran biranen, suna yin jerin gwano na shekara-shekara zuwa Palaipaphos... Sai kuma [bayan haka] zuwa wani birni mai suna Soloi, mai tashar jiragen ruwa da kogi da kuma haikalin Aphrodite da Isis. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> Pausanias ya bayyana wurin ibadar: : Bayan kama Troy, guguwar da ta mamaye Girkawa a lokacin da suka dawo gida ta kai Agapenor da rundunar sojojin Arkadian zuwa Kypros, don haka Agapenor ya zama wanda ya kafa Paphos, kuma ya gina wurin ibada na Aphrodite a Palaipaphos (Tsohon Paphos). Har zuwa wannan lokacin, 'yan Kyprian suna bauta wa allahiya a gundumar da ake kira Golgoi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> Tacitus ya bayyana bagadin da kuma baƙar dutse da ake bautawa a wurin ibada a matsayin ''kwaikwayon'' Venus: [[File:Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite_at_Palaepafos,_Cyprus_-_conical_stone_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Dutsen mazugi wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gunkin ibada a cikin wurin ibada na Aphrodite]] : Ba za a zubar da jini a kan bagadi ba, amma ana yin hadaya ne kawai da addu'o'i da wuta mai tsarki. Bagadin ba ya jike da ruwa saboda ruwan sama, duk da cewa yana cikin sararin sama. Wakiltar allahiya ba ta cikin siffar ɗan adam ba ce, amma wani nau'i ne mai zagaye wanda ya fi faɗi a tushe kuma yana tashi kamar sandar juyawa zuwa ƙaramin zagaye a saman. Dalilin haka ba a fayyace shi ba. [[Apuleius]] ya kuma ambaci hakan a cikin littafinsa ''The Golden Ass'' : : Ana girmama ku [Aphrodite] a wurin bauta na Paphos mai raƙuman ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> == Manazarta == == Majiyoyi ==       {{Cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=204-234 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}} {{Cite journal |last=Jasink |first=Anna Margherita |year=2010 |title=The Role of Cyprus and the Mycenaean / Greek Presence in the Island from the End of Bronze Age to the First Phases of Iron Age |url=http://smea.isma.cnr.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Jasink_The-role-of-Cyprus-and-the-Mycenaean-Greek-presence-in-the-island.pdf |journal=Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici |volume=52 |pages=149–167 |access-date=14 September 2026}} {{Cite web |title=Paphos |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/79/ |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}} {{Cite journal |last=Pestarino |first=Beatrice |date=2023 |title=Review of: Maria Christidis, Antoine Hermary, Gabriele Koiner, Anja Ulbrich, Classical Cyprus: proceedings of the Conference, University of Graz, 21-23 September 2017. Kypriaka, 5. Wien: Verlag Holzhausen, 2020. Pp. 497. ISBN 9783903207462. |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2023/2023.02.43/ |journal=Bryn Mawr Classical Review |access-date=13 September 2026}} {{Cite encyclopedia|edition=William L.}} {{Cite web |title=Μνημεία Παγκόσμιας Κληρονομιάς – Πάφος |trans-title=World Heritage Monuments – Paphos |url=https://www.culture.gov.cy/dmculture/da/da.nsf/DMLunesco_gr/DMLunesco_gr?OpenDocument |access-date=8 September 2026 |website=Τμήμα Αρχαιοτήτων - Υφυπουργείο Πολιτισμού |publisher=Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus |language=el}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Cite web |title=Archaeological Museum of the Pafos District |url=https://www.culture.gov.cy/dmculture/da/da.nsf/All/306F2D157B5C878FC225719900205580?OpenDocument |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus |publisher=}} * {{Cite web |title=Archaeological Site of Palaepaphos |url=https://digitalguides.com.cy/en/location-category/archaeological-site-of-palaepaphos/ |access-date=October 16, 2026 |website=Digital Guides – Department of Antiquities}} * {{Cite web |title=History of Research at Palaepaphos |url=https://kyprioscharacter.eie.gr/en/scientific-texts/details/archaeology/history-of-research-at-palaepaphos |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Kyprios Character, National Hellenic Research Foundation |publisher=}} * {{Cite web |title=Local Archaeological Museum of Palaipafos (Kouklia) |url=https://www.culture.gov.cy/dmculture/da/da.nsf/All/D29999253080F9BBC2257199002134BD?OpenDocument |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus |publisher=}} * {{Cite web |title=The Project |url=https://www.ucy.ac.cy/pulp/the-project/ |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Palaepaphos Urban Landscape Project (PULP), University of Cyprus}} 371unakkwcd6s99pntkpv6l16pl5i43 970363 970362 2026-10-22T14:02:25Z Baffa ali 47435 970363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wurin Tsarki na Aphrodite Paphia''' wuri ne na ibada da aka keɓe wa allahiya Aphrodite a tsohuwar Palaepaphos a [[Cyprus]], kusa da ƙauyen Kouklia na zamani. An kafa ta ne a ƙarni na 12 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) bayan [[Rushewar Zamanin Bronze|rugujewar zamanin Tagulla]] . Tana nan ne a wurin haihuwar Aphrodite na tatsuniyoyi kuma a zamanin da, an san ta a duniya a matsayin babban wurin ibadar Aphrodite. Wurin ibadar ya ci gaba da aiki tsawon sama da ƙarni goma sha biyar, inda ya rikide ya zama babban cibiyar addini ta yankin [[Bahar Rum]] a lokacin zamanin Ptolemaic da Romawa kafin ƙarshensa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 4 AD. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=214–215 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|edition=William L.}}</ref> Wurin da ya ƙunshi birnin Palaepaphos gaba ɗaya (Tsohon Paphos) ana kuma kiransa "Kouklia-Palaepaphos" don ƙara bambanta shi da birnin Nea Paphos da ke kusa (Sabon Paphos) wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa; marubutan da suka gabata sun saba rikitar da su biyun. An rubuta wurin tarihi na wurin ajiyar kayan tarihi na UNESCO a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin tarihi na duniya]] a shekarar 1980 da sunan "Masallacin Aphrodite a ƙauyen Kouklia" saboda muhimmancinsa na addini a tarihi. <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Paphos |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/79 |access-date=30 May 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken masana kan asalin ayyukan ibada a Kouklia-Palaepaphos ya dogara ne akan ragowar gine-gine, binciken epigraphic, da al'adun adabi na gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jasink |first=Anna Margherita |year=2010 |title=The Role of Cyprus and the Mycenaean / Greek Presence in the Island from the End of Bronze Age to the First Phases of Iron Age |url=http://smea.isma.cnr.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Jasink_The-role-of-Cyprus-and-the-Mycenaean-Greek-presence-in-the-island.pdf |journal=Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici |volume=52 |page=153 |access-date=14 September 2026}}</ref> An gina manyan tambarin ashlar na Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite Paphia a Kouklia-Palaepaphos c. 1200 BC . Da farko ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar bautar birane ga birnin Paphos, wanda aka kafa wurin zamansa mai suna iri ɗaya - daga baya aka sake masa suna Palaepaphos - shekaru 500 da suka gabata a zamanin Tagulla, kusan 1700 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, a matsayin ƙofar bakin teku da cibiyar cinikin teku da ta ƙware wajen fitar da jan ƙarfe .<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=214–215 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Jasink |first=Anna Margherita |year=2010 |title=The Role of Cyprus and the Mycenaean / Greek Presence in the Island from the End of Bronze Age to the First Phases of Iron Age |url=http://smea.isma.cnr.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Jasink_The-role-of-Cyprus-and-the-Mycenaean-Greek-presence-in-the-island.pdf |journal=Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici |volume=52 |page=153 |access-date=14 September 2026}}</ref> [[File:The_remains_of_the_Bronze_Age_temenos_wall,_Palaepaphos,_the_famous_Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite,_a_large_centre_of_worship_established_in_the_12th_century_BC,_Kouklia,_Cyprus.jpg|thumb| Ragowar bangon zamanin Tagulla na Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite Paphia, ƙarni na 12 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS).]] Sauye-sauyen bakin teku da kuma [[Seltation|rugujewar ƙasa]] sun hana Palaepaphos tashar jiragen ruwa a wani lokaci kafin ƙarni na 4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, wanda hakan ya haifar da kafa Nea Paphos a matsayin babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta gwamnati. A zamanin Ptolemaic da Romawa, mahajjata dole ne su kusanci Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite da ƙafa daga Nea Paphos ko ta hanyoyin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa maimakon isa kai tsaye ta jirgin ruwa kamar yadda suka yi a lokacin da tashar jiragen ruwa har yanzu ana amfani da ita. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=205 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}}</ref> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == === Haƙa ramin farko === Binciken farko na kayan tarihi a wurin ajiye kayan tarihi na Paphos ya fara ne da Asusun Binciken Tsibirin Cyprus na Burtaniya a tsakanin 1887-1888, sannan kuma aikin filin a shekarar 1950 karkashin jagorancin Terence B. Mitford . Waɗannan tono-tonen da aka yi a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin sun gano ma'ajiyar da aka raba a zamanin Tagulla na Ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin gine-ginen Romawa da na zamanin da, suna samar da tukwane na Late Cypriot tare da tarkacen tagulla . [[File:Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite,_Palaepaphos.jpg|thumb| Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite, Palaepaphos]] == Nassoshi na adabi == Marubutan tarihi na da suna yawan ambaton wurin ibada. ''Waƙoƙin Homeric'' da aka rubuta tsakanin ƙarni na 7-4 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa kuma an danganta su da [[Homer]] a zamanin da, an ambaci wurin ibada a cikin ''Waƙar 5 ga Aphrodite'' : : Ta [Aphrodite] ta tafi Kypros, zuwa Paphos, inda yankinta yake da kuma bagadinta mai ƙamshi, ta kuma wuce zuwa haikalinta mai ƙamshi mai daɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> [[Strabo]] ya bayyana hakan: : Palaipaphos [a Kypros], wanda a ƙarshe yake a kusan stadia goma a saman teku, yana da wurin ajiye kaya, da kuma tsohon haikalin Aphrodite Paphia. . Sai kuma [bayan haka] zuwa ga Zephyria mai tsayi, tare da wurin sauka, da kuma wani Arsinoe, wanda shi ma yana da wurin sauka da haikali da kuma wurin ibada. Kuma Hierokepis yana da ɗan nisa daga teku. Sai kuma zuwa Paphos, wanda Agapenor ya kafa, kuma yana da tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma haikali masu kyau. Yana da nisan mil sittin daga Palaiphaphos ta ƙasa; kuma a wannan hanyar maza tare da mata, waɗanda suma ke taruwa a nan daga sauran biranen, suna yin jerin gwano na shekara-shekara zuwa Palaipaphos... Sai kuma [bayan haka] zuwa wani birni mai suna Soloi, mai tashar jiragen ruwa da kogi da kuma haikalin Aphrodite da Isis. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> Pausanias ya bayyana wurin ibadar: : Bayan kama Troy, guguwar da ta mamaye Girkawa a lokacin da suka dawo gida ta kai Agapenor da rundunar sojojin Arkadian zuwa Kypros, don haka Agapenor ya zama wanda ya kafa Paphos, kuma ya gina wurin ibada na Aphrodite a Palaipaphos (Tsohon Paphos). Har zuwa wannan lokacin, 'yan Kyprian suna bauta wa allahiya a gundumar da ake kira Golgoi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> Tacitus ya bayyana bagadin da kuma baƙar dutse da ake bautawa a wurin ibada a matsayin ''kwaikwayon'' Venus: [[File:Sanctuary_of_Aphrodite_at_Palaepafos,_Cyprus_-_conical_stone_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Dutsen mazugi wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gunkin ibada a cikin wurin ibada na Aphrodite]] : Ba za a zubar da jini a kan bagadi ba, amma ana yin hadaya ne kawai da addu'o'i da wuta mai tsarki. Bagadin ba ya jike da ruwa saboda ruwan sama, duk da cewa yana cikin sararin sama. Wakiltar allahiya ba ta cikin siffar ɗan adam ba ce, amma wani nau'i ne mai zagaye wanda ya fi faɗi a tushe kuma yana tashi kamar sandar juyawa zuwa ƙaramin zagaye a saman. Dalilin haka ba a fayyace shi ba. [[Apuleius]] ya kuma ambaci hakan a cikin littafinsa ''The Golden Ass'' : : Ana girmama ku [Aphrodite] a wurin bauta na Paphos mai raƙuman ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APHRODITE CULT 2 - Ancient Greek Religion |url=http://www.theoi.com/Cult/AphroditeCult2.html}}</ref> == Majiyoyi ==       {{Cite journal |last=Iacovou |first=Maria |year=2019 |title=Palaepaphos: Unlocking the Landscape Context of the Sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess |journal=Open Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=204-234 |doi=10.1515/opar-2019-0015}} {{Cite journal |last=Jasink |first=Anna Margherita |year=2010 |title=The Role of Cyprus and the Mycenaean / Greek Presence in the Island from the End of Bronze Age to the First Phases of Iron Age |url=http://smea.isma.cnr.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Jasink_The-role-of-Cyprus-and-the-Mycenaean-Greek-presence-in-the-island.pdf |journal=Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici |volume=52 |pages=149–167 |access-date=14 September 2026}} {{Cite web |title=Paphos |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/79/ |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}} {{Cite journal |last=Pestarino |first=Beatrice |date=2023 |title=Review of: Maria Christidis, Antoine Hermary, Gabriele Koiner, Anja Ulbrich, Classical Cyprus: proceedings of the Conference, University of Graz, 21-23 September 2017. Kypriaka, 5. Wien: Verlag Holzhausen, 2020. Pp. 497. ISBN 9783903207462. |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2023/2023.02.43/ |journal=Bryn Mawr Classical Review |access-date=13 September 2026}} {{Cite encyclopedia|edition=William L.}} {{Cite web |title=Μνημεία Παγκόσμιας Κληρονομιάς – Πάφος |trans-title=World Heritage Monuments – Paphos |url=https://www.culture.gov.cy/dmculture/da/da.nsf/DMLunesco_gr/DMLunesco_gr?OpenDocument |access-date=8 September 2026 |website=Τμήμα Αρχαιοτήτων - Υφυπουργείο Πολιτισμού |publisher=Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus |language=el}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Cite web |title=Archaeological Museum of the Pafos District |url=https://www.culture.gov.cy/dmculture/da/da.nsf/All/306F2D157B5C878FC225719900205580?OpenDocument |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus |publisher=}} * {{Cite web |title=Archaeological Site of Palaepaphos |url=https://digitalguides.com.cy/en/location-category/archaeological-site-of-palaepaphos/ |access-date=October 16, 2026 |website=Digital Guides – Department of Antiquities}} * {{Cite web |title=History of Research at Palaepaphos |url=https://kyprioscharacter.eie.gr/en/scientific-texts/details/archaeology/history-of-research-at-palaepaphos |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Kyprios Character, National Hellenic Research Foundation |publisher=}} * {{Cite web |title=Local Archaeological Museum of Palaipafos (Kouklia) |url=https://www.culture.gov.cy/dmculture/da/da.nsf/All/D29999253080F9BBC2257199002134BD?OpenDocument |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus |publisher=}} * {{Cite web |title=The Project |url=https://www.ucy.ac.cy/pulp/the-project/ |access-date=October 11, 2026 |website=Palaepaphos Urban Landscape Project (PULP), University of Cyprus}} == Manazarta == i6lz56cynz92w41iyf3h60y8lgtus4q 10 179762 970368 2026-10-22T14:08:20Z Yahuzaishat 20549 created a template 970368 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ /* columns-2 and columns-3 are legacy for "2 or more" column view from when the * template was implemented with column-count. */ .reflist-columns-2 { column-width: 30em; } .reflist-columns-3 { column-width: 25em; } /* Match Vector 2022 after [[gerrit:1185300]]. */ body.skin-vector-2022 .reflist-columns-2 { column-width: 27em; } body.skin-vector-2022 .reflist-columns-3 { column-width: 22.5em; } /* These should probably be moved to MediaWiki:Common.css to work with <references> as well. */ .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha] { list-style-type: upper-alpha; } .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman] { list-style-type: upper-roman; } .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha] { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek] { list-style-type: lower-greek; } .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman] { list-style-type: lower-roman; } /* Liststyle param. */ div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references { list-style-type: upper-alpha; } div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references { list-style-type: upper-roman; } div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references { list-style-type: lower-greek; } div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references { list-style-type: lower-roman; } 0y79vyw9wqc26bp1ubg1khshuusjvc4 0 179763 970369 2026-10-22T14:09:21Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368393592|Hungarian Space Office]]" 970369 wikitext text/x-wiki Ofishin Binciken Sararin Samaniya na Hungary ( HSO ; Hungarian ) ita ce hukuma ta gwamnatin Hungary da ke da alhakin shirin sararin samaniya na fararen hula da kuma binciken sararin samaniya da sararin samaniya, wanda aka haɗa shi a Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Ƙasa a shekarar 2018. Ita ce ƙungiyar da manufarta ita ce daidaita ayyukan binciken sararin samaniya na Hungary, shirye-shiryen ƙasa da shirye-shiryen da suka shafi Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai, inda Hungary ƙasa ce mamba. [[File:European_Space_Expo_-_Budapest,_2013_(8).JPG|left|thumb| Baje kolin Sararin Samaniya na Turai a Budapest]] Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Hungary (HSB), wacce Dr. Kálmán Kovács (tsohon Ministan Labarai da Sadarwa) ke jagoranta, tana taimakawa aikin Gwamnati a cikin al'amuran dabaru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2023 |title=A magyar űrkutatás hírei |url=https://www.hso.hu/page.php?page=215 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603001730/https://www.hso.hu/page.php?page=215 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> Hukumar ba da shawara kan harkokin fasaha ta gwamnati ita ce Majalisar Kimiyya kan Binciken Sararin Samaniya (SCSR). SCSR tana ba da tarihin kimiyya na duk ayyukan sararin samaniya na Hungary. An gudanar da bincike da aikace-aikacen a cibiyoyin kimiyya da sassan jami'o'i kimanin 25. Ma'aikatansu, waɗanda ke da hannu a ayyukan da suka shafi sararin samaniya, sun ƙunshi masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi sama da 250. Gwamnatin Hungary ta kafa ta a watan Janairun 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=3/1992. (I. 6.) Korm. rendelet a Magyar Űrkutatási Iroda létrehozásáróll |url=https://www.hso.hu/showbinary.php?did=110 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193231/https://www.hso.hu/showbinary.php?did=110 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=www.hso.hu}}</ref> Tsoffin darektocin sune Előd Duka (1997-2015) da Fruzsina Tari (2015-2018). A shekara ta 2003, Ofishin Sararin Samaniya na Hungary ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ECS a shekara ta 2003 tare da ESA don zama ƙasa mai haɗin gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agreements Signed |url=https://www.esa.int/esapub/annuals/annual03/ar3_agree_signed.pdf |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=www.esa.int}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2015, ofishin ya sanya hannu don zama wani ɓangare na ESA, kuma ya sanya hannu kan amincewa a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marking five years of Hungary in ESA |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Marking_five_years_of_Hungary_in_ESA |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> Ofishin sararin samaniya na Hungary yana cikin Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Ƙasa. A zamanin yau, yana aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki ta Hungary. Shugaba: Dr. Orsolya Ferenc, Kwamishinan Minista na Binciken Sararin Samaniya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2025}} == HUNOR == [[File:HUNOR_Logo.jpg|right|thumb| Tambarin shirin HUNOR]] A watan Yulin 2022, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Hungary ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da Axiom Space don haɓaka shirin '''HUNOR''' ko '''Hungarian''' to '''Or''' bit. <ref name="Axiom1">{{Cite web |title=Axiom Mission 4 to ISS will include India, Poland, Hungary |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/mission-blog/ax4-countries-crew |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=[[Axiom Space]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2023, an sanar da cewa ɓangarorin biyu sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsara jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu don sauƙaƙe ƙaddamar da wani ɗan sama jannatin Hungary zuwa Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya . <ref name="Axiom1" /> A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2024, an sanar da cewa Tibor Kapu zai zama ɗan sama jannatin ƙasar Hungary da za a harba a cikin jirgin Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). <ref name="Axiom1" /> Kayan Aiki Masu Kyau, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ŰRKOLLEKCIÓ |url=https://www.heavytools.hu/urkollekcio?srsltid=AfmBOorv8gPqBoNNaIDI66Vacb6C5Tm8y0YM5rOuxaUpXI67sk6K5JdG |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.heavytools.hu}}</ref> wanda kuma ya samar da kayan aiki ga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Olympics da Paralympic ta Hungary, <ref>{{Cite web |last=MTI-Hungary Today |date=5 April 2024 |title=Hungarian Olympic and Paralympic Teams to Shine in Heavy Tools Opening Ceremony Outfits |url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungarian-olympic-and-paralympic-teams-to-shine-in-heavy-tools-opening-ceremony-outfits/ |website=Hungary Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heavy Toolsban vonulnak fel sportolóink a párizsi paralimpián – a sport- és ünnepi ruházatot a Tisza és a Kézmű biztosítja |url=https://hparalimpia.hu/hirek/2024/04/heavy-toolsban-vonulnak-fel-sportoloink-a-parizsi-paralimpian-a-sport-es-unnepi-ruhazatot-a-tisza-es-a-kezmu-biztositja |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Magyar Paralimpiai Bizottság |language=hu}}</ref>  Kapu ta dauki nauyinta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Szakértő |date=2025-05-25 |title=Kapu Tibor űrhajós: "Az álmaink nem érnek véget" - A Heavy Tools a HUNOR-program hivatalos támogatója |url=https://alkotonok.hu/kapu-tibor-urhajos-az-almaink-nem-ernek-veget-a-heavy-tools-a-hunor-program-hivatalos-tamogatoja/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Alkotónők Webmagazin |language=hu}}</ref> An zaɓi Kapu, wani mai nutsewa a sararin samaniya mai ƙwarewa a fannin injiniyan injiniya, daga cikin masu neman aiki 247 don zama ɗan sama jannatin Hungary kuma an yi masa horo mai zurfi. <ref name="Axiom2">{{Cite web |title=Tibor Kapu |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/astronaut/tibor-kapu |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=[[Axiom Space]]}}</ref> An zaɓi Gyula Cserényi, injiniyan lantarki kuma mai son tseren steeplechase a matsayin madadin kuma ɗan sama jannatin Hungary na biyu mai aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The second Hungarian astronaut who is going into space also graduated from BME |url=https://www.bme.hu/en/news/The_second_Hungarian_astronaut_who_is_going_into_space_also_graduated_from_BME |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=bme.hu}}</ref> Da ƙaddamar da Ax-4 a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2025, Kapu ta zama ta uku a ƙasar Hungary da ta isa sararin samaniya. <ref name="Axiom2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moriarty |first=Meghan |date=30 January 2025 |title=NASA introduces Axiom Mission 4 crew, including first Polish and Hungarian astronauts |url=https://www.wesh.com/article/nasa-introduces-axiom-mission-4-crew/63624462 |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=[[WESH]] |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]}}</ref> Ax-4 ya kuma haɗa da 'yan sama jannatin Poland da Indiya na farko tun bayan faduwar Tarayyar Soviet, inda ɗan sama jannatin Poland ke tashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin ESA/POLSA Ignis . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Polak poleci w Kosmos. Podano datę misji |url=https://www.rmf24.pl/nauka/news-polak-poleci-w-kosmos-podano-date-misji,nId,7907528 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.rmf24.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukumomin gwamnati na sararin samaniya == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://space.kormany.hu/dear-visitor Shirin Sararin Samaniya na Hungary] * [http://www.hso.hu/page.php?page=215 Ofishin Sararin Samaniya na Hungary] * [http://www.esa.int Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai] 6bx4rgqgmjh4bcu60qr5o4y3d2t7g85 970370 970369 2026-10-22T14:10:53Z Baffa ali 47435 970370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ofishin Binciken Sararin Samaniya na Hungary''' ( HSO ; Hungarian ) ita ce hukuma ta gwamnatin Hungary da ke da alhakin shirin sararin samaniya na fararen hula da kuma binciken sararin samaniya da sararin samaniya, wanda aka haɗa shi a Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Ƙasa a shekarar 2018. Ita ce ƙungiyar da manufarta ita ce daidaita ayyukan binciken sararin samaniya na Hungary, shirye-shiryen ƙasa da shirye-shiryen da suka shafi Hukumar Sararin Samaniya ta Turai, inda Hungary ƙasa ce mamba. [[File:European_Space_Expo_-_Budapest,_2013_(8).JPG|left|thumb| Baje kolin Sararin Samaniya na Turai a Budapest]] Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Hungary (HSB), wacce Dr. Kálmán Kovács (tsohon Ministan Labarai da Sadarwa) ke jagoranta, tana taimakawa aikin Gwamnati a cikin al'amuran dabaru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2023 |title=A magyar űrkutatás hírei |url=https://www.hso.hu/page.php?page=215 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603001730/https://www.hso.hu/page.php?page=215 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> Hukumar ba da shawara kan harkokin fasaha ta gwamnati ita ce Majalisar Kimiyya kan Binciken Sararin Samaniya (SCSR). SCSR tana ba da tarihin kimiyya na duk ayyukan sararin samaniya na Hungary. An gudanar da bincike da aikace-aikacen a cibiyoyin kimiyya da sassan jami'o'i kimanin 25. Ma'aikatansu, waɗanda ke da hannu a ayyukan da suka shafi sararin samaniya, sun ƙunshi masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi sama da 250. Gwamnatin Hungary ta kafa ta a watan Janairun 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=3/1992. (I. 6.) Korm. rendelet a Magyar Űrkutatási Iroda létrehozásáróll |url=https://www.hso.hu/showbinary.php?did=110 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193231/https://www.hso.hu/showbinary.php?did=110 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=www.hso.hu}}</ref> Tsoffin darektocin sune Előd Duka (1997-2015) da Fruzsina Tari (2015-2018). A shekara ta 2003, Ofishin Sararin Samaniya na Hungary ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ECS a shekara ta 2003 tare da ESA don zama ƙasa mai haɗin gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agreements Signed |url=https://www.esa.int/esapub/annuals/annual03/ar3_agree_signed.pdf |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=www.esa.int}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2015, ofishin ya sanya hannu don zama wani ɓangare na ESA, kuma ya sanya hannu kan amincewa a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marking five years of Hungary in ESA |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Marking_five_years_of_Hungary_in_ESA |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> Ofishin sararin samaniya na Hungary yana cikin Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Ƙasa. A zamanin yau, yana aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki ta Hungary. Shugaba: Dr. Orsolya Ferenc, Kwamishinan Minista na Binciken Sararin Samaniya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2025}} == HUNOR == [[File:HUNOR_Logo.jpg|right|thumb| Tambarin shirin HUNOR]] A watan Yulin 2022, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Hungary ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da Axiom Space don haɓaka shirin '''HUNOR''' ko '''Hungarian''' to '''Or''' bit. <ref name="Axiom1">{{Cite web |title=Axiom Mission 4 to ISS will include India, Poland, Hungary |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/mission-blog/ax4-countries-crew |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=[[Axiom Space]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2023, an sanar da cewa ɓangarorin biyu sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsara jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu don sauƙaƙe ƙaddamar da wani ɗan sama jannatin Hungary zuwa Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya . <ref name="Axiom1" /> A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2024, an sanar da cewa Tibor Kapu zai zama ɗan sama jannatin ƙasar Hungary da za a harba a cikin jirgin Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). <ref name="Axiom1" /> Kayan Aiki Masu Kyau, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ŰRKOLLEKCIÓ |url=https://www.heavytools.hu/urkollekcio?srsltid=AfmBOorv8gPqBoNNaIDI66Vacb6C5Tm8y0YM5rOuxaUpXI67sk6K5JdG |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.heavytools.hu}}</ref> wanda kuma ya samar da kayan aiki ga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Olympics da Paralympic ta Hungary, <ref>{{Cite web |last=MTI-Hungary Today |date=5 April 2024 |title=Hungarian Olympic and Paralympic Teams to Shine in Heavy Tools Opening Ceremony Outfits |url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungarian-olympic-and-paralympic-teams-to-shine-in-heavy-tools-opening-ceremony-outfits/ |website=Hungary Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Heavy Toolsban vonulnak fel sportolóink a párizsi paralimpián – a sport- és ünnepi ruházatot a Tisza és a Kézmű biztosítja |url=https://hparalimpia.hu/hirek/2024/04/heavy-toolsban-vonulnak-fel-sportoloink-a-parizsi-paralimpian-a-sport-es-unnepi-ruhazatot-a-tisza-es-a-kezmu-biztositja |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Magyar Paralimpiai Bizottság |language=hu}}</ref>  Kapu ta dauki nauyinta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Szakértő |date=2025-05-25 |title=Kapu Tibor űrhajós: "Az álmaink nem érnek véget" - A Heavy Tools a HUNOR-program hivatalos támogatója |url=https://alkotonok.hu/kapu-tibor-urhajos-az-almaink-nem-ernek-veget-a-heavy-tools-a-hunor-program-hivatalos-tamogatoja/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Alkotónők Webmagazin |language=hu}}</ref> An zaɓi Kapu, wani mai nutsewa a sararin samaniya mai ƙwarewa a fannin injiniyan injiniya, daga cikin masu neman aiki 247 don zama ɗan sama jannatin Hungary kuma an yi masa horo mai zurfi. <ref name="Axiom2">{{Cite web |title=Tibor Kapu |url=https://www.axiomspace.com/astronaut/tibor-kapu |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=[[Axiom Space]]}}</ref> An zaɓi Gyula Cserényi, injiniyan lantarki kuma mai son tseren steeplechase a matsayin madadin kuma ɗan sama jannatin Hungary na biyu mai aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The second Hungarian astronaut who is going into space also graduated from BME |url=https://www.bme.hu/en/news/The_second_Hungarian_astronaut_who_is_going_into_space_also_graduated_from_BME |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=bme.hu}}</ref> Da ƙaddamar da Ax-4 a ranar 25 ga Yuni 2025, Kapu ta zama ta uku a ƙasar Hungary da ta isa sararin samaniya. <ref name="Axiom2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moriarty |first=Meghan |date=30 January 2025 |title=NASA introduces Axiom Mission 4 crew, including first Polish and Hungarian astronauts |url=https://www.wesh.com/article/nasa-introduces-axiom-mission-4-crew/63624462 |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=[[WESH]] |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]}}</ref> Ax-4 ya kuma haɗa da 'yan sama jannatin Poland da Indiya na farko tun bayan faduwar Tarayyar Soviet, inda ɗan sama jannatin Poland ke tashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin ESA/POLSA Ignis . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Polak poleci w Kosmos. Podano datę misji |url=https://www.rmf24.pl/nauka/news-polak-poleci-w-kosmos-podano-date-misji,nId,7907528 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.rmf24.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukumomin gwamnati na sararin samaniya == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://space.kormany.hu/dear-visitor Shirin Sararin Samaniya na Hungary] * [http://www.hso.hu/page.php?page=215 Ofishin Sararin Samaniya na Hungary] * [http://www.esa.int Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai] == Manazarta == 6787can2rjzw8yc7u4tieset0a4ivfa 0 179764 970377 2026-10-22T14:30:37Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378480152|Asylum Down]]" 970377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Asylum Down|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=<!--Ghana --> <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Greater Accra Region]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_m=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Gidan mafaka</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="10" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Asylum Down","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4812039"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Asylum Down"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4812039"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.2,5.56667],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Asylum Down","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa na Asylum Down</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greater Accra Region|Babban Yankin Accra]] |} Asylum Down wata unguwa ce da ke birnin Accra, babban birnin ƙasar Ghana. Unguwar tana arewacin titin Castle Road da kuma gabashin titin Barnes Road. A unguwar ne hedkwatar Hukumar Shirya Jarabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC) take. Haka kuma, unguwar ta shahara da makarantar sakandare ta Accra High School, <ref name="Scho">{{Cite web |title=Educational Institutions |url=http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801035651/http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.centralregion.gov.gh}}</ref> <ref name="MORESCHO">{{Cite web |title=References » Schools/Colleges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/GhanaHome/regions/schools.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=310&gender=&s=a |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> wadda ke ba da ilimin matakin sakandare na biyu. <ref name="allschool">{{Cite web |title=List of Secondary Schools in Ghana |url=http://www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/page/list-of-senior-secondary |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/}}</ref> [[File:Empty_Streets_of_Asylum_Down-19.jpg|thumb|Gidan mafaka]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|34|N|0|12|W|region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} m7g2dc9n9aebu5m6vrnynn3mzj3x45f 970379 970377 2026-10-22T14:31:19Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Asylum Down|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=<!--Ghana --> <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Greater Accra Region]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_m=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Gidan mafaka</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="10" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Asylum Down","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4812039"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Asylum Down"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4812039"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.2,5.56667],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Asylum Down","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa na Asylum Down</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greater Accra Region|Babban Yankin Accra]] |} Asylum Down wata unguwa ce da ke birnin Accra, babban birnin ƙasar Ghana. Unguwar tana arewacin titin Castle Road da kuma gabashin titin Barnes Road. A unguwar ne hedkwatar Hukumar Shirya Jarabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC) take. Haka kuma, unguwar ta shahara da makarantar sakandare ta Accra High School, <ref name="Scho">{{Cite web |title=Educational Institutions |url=http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801035651/http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.centralregion.gov.gh}}</ref> <ref name="MORESCHO">{{Cite web |title=References » Schools/Colleges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/GhanaHome/regions/schools.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=310&gender=&s=a |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> wadda ke ba da ilimin matakin sakandare na biyu. <ref name="allschool">{{Cite web |title=List of Secondary Schools in Ghana |url=http://www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/page/list-of-senior-secondary |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/}}</ref> [[File:Empty_Streets_of_Asylum_Down-19.jpg|thumb|Gidan mafaka]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|34|N|0|12|W|region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} 7rja7pcug307povx7a285rimpy6d4pe 970380 970379 2026-10-22T14:32:12Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Yahuzaishat moved page [[Gidan mafaka]] to [[Asylum Down]] 970379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Asylum Down|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=<!--Ghana --> <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Greater Accra Region]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates=|elevation_m=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Gidan mafaka</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="10" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Asylum Down","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4812039"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Asylum Down"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4812039"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-0.2,5.56667],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Asylum Down","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa na Asylum Down</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Ghana]][[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Regions of Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Greater Accra Region|Babban Yankin Accra]] |} Asylum Down wata unguwa ce da ke birnin Accra, babban birnin ƙasar Ghana. Unguwar tana arewacin titin Castle Road da kuma gabashin titin Barnes Road. A unguwar ne hedkwatar Hukumar Shirya Jarabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC) take. Haka kuma, unguwar ta shahara da makarantar sakandare ta Accra High School, <ref name="Scho">{{Cite web |title=Educational Institutions |url=http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801035651/http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.centralregion.gov.gh}}</ref> <ref name="MORESCHO">{{Cite web |title=References » Schools/Colleges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/GhanaHome/regions/schools.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=310&gender=&s=a |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> wadda ke ba da ilimin matakin sakandare na biyu. <ref name="allschool">{{Cite web |title=List of Secondary Schools in Ghana |url=http://www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/page/list-of-senior-secondary |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/}}</ref> [[File:Empty_Streets_of_Asylum_Down-19.jpg|thumb|Gidan mafaka]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|34|N|0|12|W|region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} 7rja7pcug307povx7a285rimpy6d4pe 0 179765 970381 2026-10-22T14:32:12Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Yahuzaishat moved page [[Gidan mafaka]] to [[Asylum Down]] 970381 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Asylum Down]] ivsmm1j759w4y0wkeyrifb961j46kp5 0 179766 970382 2026-10-22T14:39:50Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321278000|Apenkwa Interchange]]" 970382 wikitext text/x-wiki Apenkwa Interchange wata gadar sama ce ta hanyar mota mai rabe-raben hanyoyin zirga-zirga biyu, wadda take a birnin Accra, cikin Yankin Greater Accra na ƙasar Ghana. Gadar na daga cikin babbar hanyar George Walker Bush Highway, wadda ke da hanyoyin zirga-zirga guda shida, tsawon kilomita 14 (mil 8.7). An gina hanyar ne a ƙarƙashin shirin Millennium Challenge Account. <ref name="one">{{Cite web |title=Tetteh Quarshie-Mallam Road ready Feb 2012 |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/313744/1/tetteh-quarshie-mallam-road-ready-feb-2012.html |access-date=1 December 2011 |publisher=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Ghana Roads and Interchanges}} 663o2y9o33uo7vmzojzn61tbprts54r 970383 970382 2026-10-22T14:40:45Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Apenkwa Interchange wata gadar sama ce ta hanyar mota mai rabe-raben hanyoyin zirga-zirga biyu, wadda take a birnin Accra, cikin Yankin Greater Accra na ƙasar Ghana. Gadar na daga cikin babbar hanyar George Walker Bush Highway, wadda ke da hanyoyin zirga-zirga guda shida, tsawon kilomita 14 (mil 8.7). An gina hanyar ne a ƙarƙashin shirin Millennium Challenge Account. <ref name="one">{{Cite web |title=Tetteh Quarshie-Mallam Road ready Feb 2012 |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/313744/1/tetteh-quarshie-mallam-road-ready-feb-2012.html |access-date=1 December 2011 |publisher=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Ghana Roads and Interchanges}} fcqyix7vlq71xvjq4h0l3jb0yypik25 0 179767 970385 2026-10-22T15:20:16Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321283462|Akosombo-Tema Highway]]" 970385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Babban Hanyar Akosombo-Tema''' wata babbar hanya ce da ke haɗa birnin Tema, wanda ya shahara da masana'antu da tashar jiragen ruwa, da garin Akosombo, wanda ya shahara wajen samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana: Tema Motorway Roundabout Traffic Jam to Ease Soon - Nadmo, Assemblies, NGO to Proffer Solution |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601221779.html |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Osam |first=Efua Idan |date=3 April 2015 |title=Two police officers perish near Shai-Hills |url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/04/03/two-police-officers-perish-near-shai-hills/ |publisher=}}</ref> Hanyar ta haɗa yankuna uku na ƙasar Ghana, waɗanda suka haɗa da Yankin Greater Accra, Yankin Gabas (Eastern Region), da Yankin Volta. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Ghana Roads and Interchanges}} cliabx0remp44cfwcswxh3ylfc5jfjq 10 179768 970390 2026-10-22T15:25:32Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Sabon shafi: {{Navbox | name = Ghana Roads and Interchanges | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | title = Hanyoyi da gadojin sama a Ghana | image = | listclass = hlist | group1 = Hanyoyi | list1 = * [[Accra–Winneba Highway]] * [[George Walker Bush Highway]] * [[Tarkwa–Bogoso–Ayamfuri Road]] * [[Tema Motorway]] * [[Akosombo-Tema Highway]] | group2 = Gadojin sama | list2 = * [[Ako Adjei Interchange]] * [[Apenkwa Interchange]] * [[Asafo Interchange]] * [[Asokwa Interchange]] * Dimple... 970390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Ghana Roads and Interchanges | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | title = Hanyoyi da gadojin sama a Ghana | image = | listclass = hlist | group1 = Hanyoyi | list1 = * [[Accra–Winneba Highway]] * [[George Walker Bush Highway]] * [[Tarkwa–Bogoso–Ayamfuri Road]] * [[Tema Motorway]] * [[Akosombo-Tema Highway]] | group2 = Gadojin sama | list2 = * [[Ako Adjei Interchange]] * [[Apenkwa Interchange]] * [[Asafo Interchange]] * [[Asokwa Interchange]] * [[Dimples Interchange]] * [[Mallam Interchange]] * [[Sofoline Interchange]] * [[Tetteh Quarshie Interchange]] * [[Kwame Nkrumah Interchange]] * [[Tema Motorway Interchange]] * [[Pokuase Interchange]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Ghana navigational boxes|Roads]] </noinclude> edhaizmp31oxa7fwheeq19wvq2xcjh5 0 179769 970394 2026-10-22T15:33:58Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374955996|Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly]]" 970394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly|type=Municipal [[Districts of Ghana|District]]|native_name=|nickname=|image=|image_size=|caption=|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|map_caption=Districts of [[Greater Accra Region]]|pushpin_map=Ghana|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_caption=Location of Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly within [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]]|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Ghana}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1={{nowrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greater Accra Region.gif}} [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]]}}|subdivision_type2=Capital|subdivision_name2=[[Nima, Accra|Nima]]|leader_title=Municipal Chief Executive|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|area_magnitude=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|population_as_of=2021|population_note=|population_total=53,004<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/admin/ Ghana: Administrative Division]</ref>|population_metro=|population_density_km2=|time_zone=GMT|utc_offset=+0|time_zone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|5|35|N|0|12|W|region:GH|display=inline}}|elevation_m=|iso_code=GH-EP-__|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Majalisar Majalisa ta Ayawaso ta Gabas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] Municipal</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Districts_of_the_Greater_Accra_Region_(2012).svg|250x250px|Districts of [[Greater Accra Region]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Gundumomi na [[Greater Accra Region|Babban Yankin Accra]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly is located in Ghana]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:84.304%;left:66.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Majalisar Majalisa ta Ayawaso ta Gabas</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin Majalisar Majalisa ta Ayawaso ta Gabas a cikin Greater Accra[[Yankin Greater Accra|Babban Accra]]</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ayawaso_East_Municipal_Assembly&params=5_35_N_0_12_W_region:GH_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.583°N 0.200°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.583; -0.200</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Ghana]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Yankuna na Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">[[Yankin Greater Accra|Babban Accra]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.gif|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span></span> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Babban Birni | class="infobox-data" |[[Nima, Accra|Nima]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |53,004 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambobin ISO 3166 | class="infobox-data nickname" |GH-EP-__ |} '''Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly''' ɗaya ce daga cikin gundumomi 29 da ke Yankin Greater Accra na ƙasar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Districts & Nominated DCEs |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/pdfs/newcreateddistricts.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305161824/http://ghanadistricts.com/pdfs/newcreateddistricts.pdf |archive-date=5 Mar 2013 |website=ghanadistricts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=All Districts |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/AllDistricts |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=ghanadistricts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Districts of Ghana |url=http://www.statoids.com/ygh.html |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=statoids}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayawaso East |url=https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2019/GR/Ayawaso-East.pdf |website=mofep.gov.gh}}</ref> A da, yankin yana ƙarƙashin babbar hukumar birnin Accra (Accra Metropolitan Assembly), wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1988. A ranar 15 ga Maris, 2018, an ware wani ƙaramin ɓangare daga yankin domin kafa Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly, yayin da sauran yankin ya ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin Accra Metropolitan Assembly. Gundumar tana tsakiyar Yankin Greater Accra, kuma garin Nima ne hedkwatarta. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Greater Accra, Ghana}} 8bgm39jsfvsf2qfln6jrc0c3s3x1dg3 970409 970394 2026-10-22T15:58:15Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly|type=Municipal [[Districts of Ghana|District]]|native_name=|nickname=|image=|image_size=|caption=|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|map_caption=Districts of [[Greater Accra Region]]|pushpin_map=Ghana|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_caption=Location of Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly within [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]]|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Ghana}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1={{nowrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greater Accra Region.gif}} [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]]}}|subdivision_type2=Capital|subdivision_name2=[[Nima, Accra|Nima]]|leader_title=Municipal Chief Executive|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|area_magnitude=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|population_as_of=2021|population_note=|population_total=53,004<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/admin/ Ghana: Administrative Division]</ref>|population_metro=|population_density_km2=|time_zone=GMT|utc_offset=+0|time_zone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|5|35|N|0|12|W|region:GH|display=inline}}|elevation_m=|iso_code=GH-EP-__|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Majalisar Majalisa ta Ayawaso ta Gabas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Districts of Ghana|Gundumar]] Municipal</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Districts_of_the_Greater_Accra_Region_(2012).svg|250x250px|Districts of [[Greater Accra Region]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Gundumomi na [[Greater Accra Region|Babban Yankin Accra]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly is located in Ghana]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:84.304%;left:66.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Majalisar Majalisa ta Ayawaso ta Gabas</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin Majalisar Majalisa ta Ayawaso ta Gabas a cikin Greater Accra[[Yankin Greater Accra|Babban Accra]]</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ayawaso_East_Municipal_Assembly&params=5_35_N_0_12_W_region:GH_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.583°N 0.200°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.583; -0.200</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Ghana]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Yankuna na Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">[[Yankin Greater Accra|Babban Accra]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Greater_Accra_Region.gif|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span></span> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Babban Birni | class="infobox-data" |[[Nima, Accra|Nima]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |53,004 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+0 (GMT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambobin ISO 3166 | class="infobox-data nickname" |GH-EP-__ |} '''Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly''' ɗaya ce daga cikin gundumomi 29 da ke Yankin Greater Accra na ƙasar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Districts & Nominated DCEs |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/pdfs/newcreateddistricts.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305161824/http://ghanadistricts.com/pdfs/newcreateddistricts.pdf |archive-date=5 Mar 2013 |website=ghanadistricts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=All Districts |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/AllDistricts |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=ghanadistricts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Districts of Ghana |url=http://www.statoids.com/ygh.html |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=statoids}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayawaso East |url=https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2019/GR/Ayawaso-East.pdf |website=mofep.gov.gh}}</ref> A da, yankin yana ƙarƙashin babbar hukumar birnin Accra (Accra Metropolitan Assembly), wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1988. A ranar 15 ga Maris, 2018, an ware wani ƙaramin ɓangare daga yankin domin kafa Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly, yayin da sauran yankin ya ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin Accra Metropolitan Assembly. Gundumar tana tsakiyar Yankin Greater Accra, kuma garin Nima ne hedkwatarta. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Districts of Greater Accra}} 03a0vajygaetel3wg9297gj858zcc5n 10 179770 970395 2026-10-22T15:35:54Z Yahuzaishat 20549 created a template 970395 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ib-settlement { border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.2em; } @media (min-width: 640px) { .ib-settlement { width: 23em; } } /* TODO split definitions to appropriate class names when live from HTML element */ .ib-settlement td, .ib-settlement th { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data, .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header, .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data, .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label, .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data, .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data, .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label { border: 0; padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data, .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data, .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label { border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-settlement .maptable { border: 0; padding: 0; } .ib-settlement .infobox-header, .ib-settlement .infobox-below { text-align: left; } .ib-settlement .infobox-above { font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; } .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader { background-color: #cddeff;color:inherit; font-weight: bold; } .ib-settlement-native { font-weight: normal; padding-top: 0.2em; } .ib-settlement-other-name { font-size: 78%; } .ib-settlement-official { font-weight: bold; } .ib-settlement-caption { padding: 0.3em 0 0 0; } .ib-settlement-caption-link { padding: 0.2em 0; } .ib-settlement-nickname { display: inline; } .ib-settlement-fn { font-weight: normal; display: inline; } r64slwko84pew5lxs3tepin9znpz4pc 10 179771 970408 2026-10-22T15:57:29Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Sabon shafi: {{Navbox | name = Districts of Greater Accra | title = [[Districts of Ghana|Gundumomi]] da [[Capital city|hedkwatocinsu]] a [[Greater Accra Region|Yankin Greater Accra]] | state = {{{state|expanded}}} | listclass = hlist | image = [[File:Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|250px|Taswirar gundumomin Yankin Greater Accra]] | group1 = Gundumomin birane (2) | list1 = * [[Accra Metropolitan District|Accra Metropolitan]] (hedkwata: '''[[Accra]]''') * Tema Metropolita... 970408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Districts of Greater Accra | title = [[Districts of Ghana|Gundumomi]] da [[Capital city|hedkwatocinsu]] a [[Greater Accra Region|Yankin Greater Accra]] | state = {{{state|expanded}}} | listclass = hlist | image = [[File:Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|250px|Taswirar gundumomin Yankin Greater Accra]] | group1 = Gundumomin birane (2) | list1 = * [[Accra Metropolitan District|Accra Metropolitan]] (hedkwata: '''[[Accra]]''') * [[Tema Metropolitan Assembly|Tema Metropolitan]] (hedkwata: [[Tema]]) | group2 = Gundumomin ƙananan birane (23) | list2 = * [[Ablekuma Central Municipal Assembly|Ablekuma Central Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Lartebiokorshie]]) * [[Ablekuma North Municipal Assembly|Ablekuma North Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Darkuman|Darkuman Kokompe]]) * [[Ablekuma West Municipal Assembly|Ablekuma West Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Dansoman]]) * [[Adenta Municipal Assembly|Adenta Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Adenta]]) * [[Ashaiman Municipal District|Ashaiman Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Ashaiman]]) * [[Ayawaso Central Municipal Assembly|Ayawaso Central Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Kokomlemle]]) * [[Ayawaso East Municipal Assembly|Ayawaso East Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Nima, Accra|Nima]]) * [[Ayawaso North Municipal Assembly|Ayawaso North Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Accra New Town|Accra Newtown]]) * [[Ayawaso West Municipal Assembly|Ayawaso West Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Dzorwulu]]) * [[Ga Central Municipal Assembly|Ga Central Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Sowutuom]]) * [[Ga East Municipal Assembly|Ga East Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Abokobi]]) * [[Ga North Municipal Assembly|Ga North Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Ofankor]]) * [[Ga South Municipal Assembly|Ga South Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Ngleshie Amanfro]]) * [[Ga West Municipal Assembly|Ga West Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Amasaman]]) * [[Korle-Klottey Municipal Assembly|Korle-Klottey Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Osu, Accra|Osu]]) * [[Kpone Katamanso Municipal Assembly|Kpone-Katamanso Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Kpone]]) * [[Krowor Municipal Assembly|Krowor Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Nungua]]) * [[La Dade Kotopon Municipal Assembly|La Dade Kotopon Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[La, Accra|La]]) * [[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly|La-Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Madina, Ghana|Madina]]) * [[Ledzokuku Municipal District|Ledzokuku Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Teshie-Nungua]]) * [[Okaikwei North Municipal District|Okaikwei North Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Abeka-Lapaz|Abeka]]) * [[Tema West Municipal District|Tema West Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Tema Community 2|Tema II]]) * [[Weija Gbawe Municipal Assembly|Weija-Gbawe Municipal]] (hedkwata: [[Weija]]) | group3 = Sauran gundumomi (4) | list3 = * [[Ada East District|Ada East]] (hedkwata: [[Ada Foah]]) * [[Ada West District|Ada West]] (hedkwata: [[Sege (town)|Sege]]) * [[Ningo Prampram District|Ningo Prampram]] (hedkwata: [[Prampram]]) * [[Shai Osudoku District|Shai Osudoku]] (hedkwata: [[Dodowa]]) }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} [[Category:Ghana district templates]] [[Category:Greater Accra Region]] </noinclude> 6bnzcpn4ld9r19z7ihf58491l7namx7 0 179772 970414 2026-10-22T16:10:59Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377575632|Bunkpurugu]]" 970414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Bunkpurugu|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=B Town|type=[[District]] Capital|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Ghana<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location of Bunkpurugu in [[North East Region, Ghana|North East region]] <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Ghana|subdivision_type1=Region|subdivision_name1=[[North East Region, Ghana|North East region]]|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_name2=[[Bunkpurugu Nyankpanduri District]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=Monarchy|leader_title=Chief|leader_name=Alhaji Abuba Nasimong|leader_title1=DCE <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2021|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=—|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|10|31|N|0|6|W|region:GH|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=229|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=|name=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bunkpurugu</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Babban Birnin [[District|Gundumar]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Sunan lakabi:&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">B Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Bunkpurugu is located in Ghana]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:12.797%;left:68.627%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bunkpurugu]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bunkpurugu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayin Bunkpurugu a Yankin Arewa maso Gabas</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bunkpurugu&params=10_31_N_0_6_W_region:GH_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°31′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°6′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.517°N 0.100°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.517; -0.100</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Ghana |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Arewa maso Gabas |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Gundumar Bunkpurugu Nyankpanduri |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Irin wannan&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Mulkin mallaka |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Shugaba&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Alhaji Abuba Nasimong |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |751 ft (229 m) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" | - |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |GMT |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara (DST) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |GMT |} '''Bunkpurugu''' ƙaramin gari ne a ƙasar Ghana, kuma shi ne hedkwatar Gundumar Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri, wadda take a Yankin Arewa maso Gabas na Ghana, kusa da iyakar ƙasar Togo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri District Assembly |url=http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/Home/District/121 |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> A baya, garin shi ne hedkwatar Gundumar Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo<ref>{{Cite web |title=North East Region Created; Nalerigu Is Capital |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1076-north-east-region-created-nalerigu-is-capital |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=presidency.gov.gh |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Districts of the North East Region of Ghana}}{{Ghana district capitals|state=collapsed}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|10|31|N|0|06|E|region:GH_type:city}} 6v9u294ai7fj0fb8tv1pviuge616gha 828 179773 970415 2026-10-22T16:13:09Z Yahuzaishat 20549 Sabon shafi: local p = {} local function trim(s) return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match('%S') end function p.check(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args local checknested = isnotempty(args['nested']) local delimiter = isnotempty(args['delimiter']) and args['delimiter'] or ';' local argpairs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then local plist = mw.text.split(v, delimiter) loca... 970415 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function trim(s) return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match('%S') end function p.check(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args local checknested = isnotempty(args['nested']) local delimiter = isnotempty(args['delimiter']) and args['delimiter'] or ';' local argpairs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then local plist = mw.text.split(v, delimiter) local pfound = {} local count = 0 for ii, vv in ipairs(plist) do vv = trim(vv) if checknested and pargs[vv] or isnotempty(pargs[vv]) then count = count + 1 table.insert(pfound, vv) end end if count > 1 then table.insert(argpairs, pfound) end end end local warnmsg = {} local res = '' local cat = '' if args['cat'] and mw.ustring.match(args['cat'],'^[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]:') then cat = args['cat'] end local template = args['template'] and ' in ' .. args['template'] or '' if #argpairs > 0 then for i, v in ipairs( argpairs ) do table.insert( warnmsg, mw.ustring.format( 'Using more than one of the following parameters%s: <code>%s</code>.', template, table.concat(v, '</code>, <code>') ) ) if cat ~= '' then res = res .. '[[' .. cat .. '|' .. (v[1] == '' and ' ' or '') .. v[1] .. ']]' end end end if #warnmsg > 0 then res = require('Module:If preview')._warning({ table.concat(warnmsg, '<br>') }) .. res end return res end return p 59n770hna40q9pw4oa0dsp86euaks0u 0 179774 970421 2026-10-22T16:35:03Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371444819|Gymnocranius]]" 970421 wikitext text/x-wiki Gymnocranius nau'in kifaye ne na teku waɗanda aka yi da hasken rana, mallakar dangin Lethrinidae, sarakuna da kuma breams na sarki. Ana samun waɗannan kifayen a Tekun Indiya da kuma Tekun Pacific na yamma. == Tsarin Haraji == An fara gabatar da ''Gymnocranius'' a matsayin nau'in halittar da ta ƙunshi nau'i ɗaya tak ta [[Zoology|masanin dabbobi]] na Jamus Carl Benjamin Klunzinger a shekarar 1870, inda ''Dentex rivulatus'' shi kaɗai ne nau'in halittarsa. Eduard Rüppell ya bayyana ''Dentex rivulatus'' a shekarar 1838, inda aka ba shi sunan [[Jeddah]], amma daga baya an gano cewa wannan yana nufin ''Cantharus grandoculis'' wanda Achille Valenciennes daga Seychelles ya bayyana a shekarar 1830. Wasu marubuta sun sanya wannan nau'in a cikin ƙaramin iyali na Monotaxinae, amma bugu na 5 na ''Fishes of the World'' bai amince da ƙananan iyalai da aka amince da su a cikin dangin Lethrinidae a matsayin masu inganci ba. An rarraba dangin Lethrinidae ta hanyar bugu na 5 na littafin ''Fishes of the World'' a matsayin mallakar tsarin Spariformes . == Asalin Ma'anar == ''Gymnocranius'' yana nufin "ƙoƙon kai tsirara" kuma asali wani ɓangare ne na ''Dentex'' wanda aka bambanta da rashin sikeli a kan kambi . <ref name="ETYFish">{{Cite web |date=17 October 2022 |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan halittu goma sha ɗaya da aka sani a cikin wannan nau'in, amma ƙarin nau'ikan suna jiran bayaninsu. <ref name="Chen et al. 2013">{{Cite journal |last=Chen, W.-J. |last2=Miki, R. |last3=Borsa, P. |date=2017 |title=''Gymnocranius obesus'', a new large-eye seabream from the Coral Triangle |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=340 |issue=11–12 |pages=520–530 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2017.08.004 |pmid=28967518 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * ''Gymnocranius audleyi'' <small>JD Ogilby, 1916</small> (Collar Seabream) * ''[[Gymnocranius elongatus]]'' <small>[[Tetsushi Senta|Senta]], 1973</small> (Forktail babban-ido bream) * ''Gymnocranius euanus'' <small>( Günther, 1879)</small> (babban kifin ido na Japan) * ''[[Gymnocranius frenatus]]'' <small>Bleeker, 1873</small> (Ruwan rawaya mai girma) * ''Gymnocranius grandoculis'' <small>( Valenciennes, 1830)</small> (Robinson's Seabream) * ''Gymnocranius griseus'' <small>( Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)</small> (Grey Sea bream) * ''[[Gymnocranius microdon]]'' <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (Seabream mai launin shuɗi) * ''[[Gymnocranius obesus]]'' <small>[[Chen Wei-Jen|WJ Chen]], Miki & [[Philippe Borsa|Borsa]], 2017</small> (Mai kiba babban ido) * ''[[Gymnocranius oblongus]]'' <small>Borsa, [[Philippe Béarez|Béarez]] & WJ Chen, 2010</small> (Babban idon ido) * ''[[Gymnocranius satoi]]'' <small>Borsa, Béarez, [[Sobar Paijo|Paijo]] & WJ Chen, 2013</small> (Sato's big-ido bream) * ''[[Gymnocranius superciliosus]]'' <small>Borsa, Béarez, Paijo & WJ Chen, 2013</small> (Girman gira mai girma) == Halaye == Kifin ''Gymoncranius'' suna da matsakaicin girma zuwa matsakaici, suna da siffar oval, jiki mai matsewa a gefe tare da siffar convex a gaban ido da kuma hanci mai karkata. Ga manya, sau da yawa akwai wani yanki mai ƙashi a kan cinyar ido da kuma wani sashe mai ƙashi a saman gaban ido. Suna da kashin baya mai ci gaba wanda ke da goyon bayan kashin baya 10 da haskoki masu laushi 10, kuma kashin dubura yana da kashin baya 3 da haskoki masu laushi 10. Finishin ƙashin ƙugu yana ɗauke da haskoki 14 na ƙashin ƙugu. Kunci yana da layuka 3 zuwa 6 masu ma'auni. Babu sikeli a cikin axilla na ciki na fin ɗin pectoral. Akwai haƙoran kare da kuma masu kama da gashin baki a layin waje na gefen muƙamuƙa biyu. Fuskar waje ta maxilla tana da santsi. Yawanci ana yin fin ɗin caudal da pinted lobs, launin da aka saba da shi galibi azurfa ne tare da wasu alamomi. <ref name="Carpenter1989" /> Babban kifin ido mai layi mai shuɗi ( ''G. grandoculis'' ) shine mafi girman nau'in da tsawonsa ya kai {{Cvt|80|cm}} yayin da sauran nau'in halittar da ke cikin wannan nau'in suna da matsakaicin tsayi tsakanin {{Cvt|35|and|45|cm}} . == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Ana samun sarakunan ''Gymnocranius'' a cikin Indo-West Pacific daga gabar tekun gabashin Afirka da Tekun Indiya zuwa yamma da tsakiyar Tekun Pacific. Yawanci ana samun su a cikin ruwa tsakanin {{Cvt|10|and|80|m}} zurfi a kan ƙasan yashi ko tarkace a bakin tekun nahiyar, kodayake ana iya samun wasu nau'ikan halittu a wajen tsibirai. == Ilimin halittu == Sarakunan Gymnocranius yawanci su kaɗai ne, kodayake wani nau'in G. griseus . tarin abubuwa a makarantu . Su ne masu farautar ƙananan halittu marasa ƙashi.<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> File:Gymnocranius_euanus_JNC2682.JPG| ''Gymnocranius euanus'' File:Gymnocranius_grandoculis_JNC1246_(big_specimen)_Body.JPG| ''Gymnocranius grandoculis'' File:MeichiDIya.jpg| ''Gymnocranius griseus'' </gallery><gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> File:Gymnocranius_oblongus_JNC1595_Body.JPG| ''Gymnocranius grandoculis'' File:Gymnocranius_satoi_(sp._C)_JNC3055.JPG| ''[[Gymnocranius satoi]]'' File:Gymnocranius_superciliosus_(sp_B)_JNC2912.JPG| ''[[Gymnocranius superciliosus]]'' </gallery> == Manazarta == d3egpvlxlzu8chsxzxa8wpdand3fdq1 970423 970421 2026-10-22T16:36:37Z Baffa ali 47435 970423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gymnocranius nau'in kifaye ne na teku waɗanda aka yi da hasken rana, mallakar dangin Lethrinidae, sarakuna da kuma breams na sarki. Ana samun waɗannan kifayen a Tekun Indiya da kuma Tekun Pacific na yamma.<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Gymnocranius| month = December | year = 2013}}</ref> == Tsarin Haraji == An fara gabatar da ''Gymnocranius'' a matsayin nau'in halittar da ta ƙunshi nau'i ɗaya tak ta [[Zoology|masanin dabbobi]] na Jamus Carl Benjamin Klunzinger a shekarar 1870, inda ''Dentex rivulatus'' shi kaɗai ne nau'in halittarsa. Eduard Rüppell ya bayyana ''Dentex rivulatus'' a shekarar 1838, inda aka ba shi sunan [[Jeddah]], amma daga baya an gano cewa wannan yana nufin ''Cantharus grandoculis'' wanda Achille Valenciennes daga Seychelles ya bayyana a shekarar 1830. Wasu marubuta sun sanya wannan nau'in a cikin ƙaramin iyali na Monotaxinae, amma bugu na 5 na ''Fishes of the World'' bai amince da ƙananan iyalai da aka amince da su a cikin dangin Lethrinidae a matsayin masu inganci ba. An rarraba dangin Lethrinidae ta hanyar bugu na 5 na littafin ''Fishes of the World'' a matsayin mallakar tsarin Spariformes . == Asalin Ma'anar == ''Gymnocranius'' yana nufin "ƙoƙon kai tsirara" kuma asali wani ɓangare ne na ''Dentex'' wanda aka bambanta da rashin sikeli a kan kambi . <ref name="ETYFish">{{Cite web |date=17 October 2022 |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan halittu goma sha ɗaya da aka sani a cikin wannan nau'in, amma ƙarin nau'ikan suna jiran bayaninsu. <ref name="Chen et al. 2013">{{Cite journal |last=Chen, W.-J. |last2=Miki, R. |last3=Borsa, P. |date=2017 |title=''Gymnocranius obesus'', a new large-eye seabream from the Coral Triangle |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=340 |issue=11–12 |pages=520–530 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2017.08.004 |pmid=28967518 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * ''Gymnocranius audleyi'' <small>JD Ogilby, 1916</small> (Collar Seabream) * ''[[Gymnocranius elongatus]]'' <small>[[Tetsushi Senta|Senta]], 1973</small> (Forktail babban-ido bream) * ''Gymnocranius euanus'' <small>( Günther, 1879)</small> (babban kifin ido na Japan) * ''[[Gymnocranius frenatus]]'' <small>Bleeker, 1873</small> (Ruwan rawaya mai girma) * ''Gymnocranius grandoculis'' <small>( Valenciennes, 1830)</small> (Robinson's Seabream) * ''Gymnocranius griseus'' <small>( Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)</small> (Grey Sea bream) * ''[[Gymnocranius microdon]]'' <small>(Bleeker, 1851)</small> (Seabream mai launin shuɗi) * ''[[Gymnocranius obesus]]'' <small>[[Chen Wei-Jen|WJ Chen]], Miki & [[Philippe Borsa|Borsa]], 2017</small> (Mai kiba babban ido) * ''[[Gymnocranius oblongus]]'' <small>Borsa, [[Philippe Béarez|Béarez]] & WJ Chen, 2010</small> (Babban idon ido) * ''[[Gymnocranius satoi]]'' <small>Borsa, Béarez, [[Sobar Paijo|Paijo]] & WJ Chen, 2013</small> (Sato's big-ido bream) * ''[[Gymnocranius superciliosus]]'' <small>Borsa, Béarez, Paijo & WJ Chen, 2013</small> (Girman gira mai girma) == Halaye == Kifin ''Gymoncranius'' suna da matsakaicin girma zuwa matsakaici, suna da siffar oval, jiki mai matsewa a gefe tare da siffar convex a gaban ido da kuma hanci mai karkata. Ga manya, sau da yawa akwai wani yanki mai ƙashi a kan cinyar ido da kuma wani sashe mai ƙashi a saman gaban ido. Suna da kashin baya mai ci gaba wanda ke da goyon bayan kashin baya 10 da haskoki masu laushi 10, kuma kashin dubura yana da kashin baya 3 da haskoki masu laushi 10. Finishin ƙashin ƙugu yana ɗauke da haskoki 14 na ƙashin ƙugu. Kunci yana da layuka 3 zuwa 6 masu ma'auni. Babu sikeli a cikin axilla na ciki na fin ɗin pectoral. Akwai haƙoran kare da kuma masu kama da gashin baki a layin waje na gefen muƙamuƙa biyu. Fuskar waje ta maxilla tana da santsi. Yawanci ana yin fin ɗin caudal da pinted lobs, launin da aka saba da shi galibi azurfa ne tare da wasu alamomi. <ref name="Carpenter1989" /> Babban kifin ido mai layi mai shuɗi ( ''G. grandoculis'' ) shine mafi girman nau'in da tsawonsa ya kai {{Cvt|80|cm}} yayin da sauran nau'in halittar da ke cikin wannan nau'in suna da matsakaicin tsayi tsakanin {{Cvt|35|and|45|cm}} . == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Ana samun sarakunan ''Gymnocranius'' a cikin Indo-West Pacific daga gabar tekun gabashin Afirka da Tekun Indiya zuwa yamma da tsakiyar Tekun Pacific. Yawanci ana samun su a cikin ruwa tsakanin {{Cvt|10|and|80|m}} zurfi a kan ƙasan yashi ko tarkace a bakin tekun nahiyar, kodayake ana iya samun wasu nau'ikan halittu a wajen tsibirai. == Ilimin halittu == Sarakunan Gymnocranius yawanci su kaɗai ne, kodayake wani nau'in G. griseus . tarin abubuwa a makarantu . Su ne masu farautar ƙananan halittu marasa ƙashi.<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> File:Gymnocranius_euanus_JNC2682.JPG| ''Gymnocranius euanus'' File:Gymnocranius_grandoculis_JNC1246_(big_specimen)_Body.JPG| ''Gymnocranius grandoculis'' File:MeichiDIya.jpg| ''Gymnocranius griseus'' </gallery><gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> File:Gymnocranius_oblongus_JNC1595_Body.JPG| ''Gymnocranius grandoculis'' File:Gymnocranius_satoi_(sp._C)_JNC3055.JPG| ''[[Gymnocranius satoi]]'' File:Gymnocranius_superciliosus_(sp_B)_JNC2912.JPG| ''[[Gymnocranius superciliosus]]'' </gallery> == Manazarta == 6479v58ryq6kpl96lsgjetyq05c7vzj 828 179775 970422 2026-10-22T16:36:00Z Yahuzaishat 20549 created a template 970422 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Ghana', top = 11.4, bottom = 4.5, left = -3.6, right = 1.5, image = 'Ghana adm location map.svg', image1 = 'Ghana physical map.svg' } 83qtarcwsogaoqdrh0s4iv6gff4z8c6 0 179776 970424 2026-10-22T16:45:29Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373782345|Razaq Okoya]]" 970424 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Razaq Akanni Okoya''' Razaq_Akanni_Okoya.wav ⓘ CON (an haife shi 12 Janairu 1940) ɗan masana'antar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne kuma Aare na Legas. Shi ne mamallakin kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar kamfanonin Eleganza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Who is Razaq Okoya, the man who 'gives' President Tinubu money? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/374029/nigeria-who-is-razaq-okoya-the-man-who-gives-president-tinubu-money/ |website=The Africa Report.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=Razaq Okoya: Who be Eleganza oga wey im children dey trend for social media |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cd64y34jly0o |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Kasar hausa da nunu da Hausawa da sauransu da yadda kowa yake a arewavda arewacin najeriya baki daya in FY 2022-23 and its ready == Rayuwa ta farko == Okoya mutumin Yarbawa ne daga yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . An haife shi a cikin dangin Tiamiyu Ayinde Okoya a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Ya yi makarantar firamare ta Ansar-Un-Deen a Oke Popo, makarantar da ya yi karatu a kai kaɗai. Ya yi aiki a fannin dinki na mahaifinsa, wanda ya haɗa da sayar da kayan aikin dinki. <ref name="sotunde" /> Kwarewar da ya samu ta ba shi kwarin gwiwar fara dinka ayyukansa da kansa. Ya adana duk wani dinari da ya samu har sai da ya sami fam 20. Mahaifiyarsa ta ba shi ƙarin fam 50, kuma tare da albarkar mahaifinsa, ya fara shigo da kaya daga [[Japan]] da kuma cinikin kayayyaki. == Gidan zama == Gidansa, "Oluwa ni shola" (Ubangiji yana girmama shi) a [[Lekki–Epe Expressway|titin Lekki/Ajah Expressway]] shine babban gidansa. Gidan "Oluwa ni shola", wanda aka kuma bayyana shi a matsayin gidan ' yan ƙasashen waje saboda yawan 'yan ƙasashen waje da ke zaune a can, yana da wutar lantarki da ruwa ba tare da katsewa ba, da kayan more rayuwa da kayan ado daban-daban. <ref name="sotunde">{{Cite web |last=Sotunde |first=Oluwabusayo |title=Portrait of a Mercurial Industrialist: Rasaq Akanni Okoya |url=http://www.ventures-africa.com/2012/10/portrait-of-a-mercurial-industrialist-rasaq-akanni-okoya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329095256/http://www.ventures-africa.com/2012/10/portrait-of-a-mercurial-industrialist-rasaq-akanni-okoya/ |archive-date=29 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Ventures Africa}}</ref> A cewar Bellanaija, "an ɗauki bidiyon waƙar [na "Suddenly"] a wurin da ake adana kayan "Oluwa ni shola" na Okoya." <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2009 |title=New Video: D'Banj tells the story of 'Suddenly' |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2009/02/11/new-video-dbanj-tells-the-story-of-suddenly/ |access-date=11 October 2013 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Attajiran Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] ojx4lityfswqbeqijpyifjpbdghsxy7 970425 970424 2026-10-22T16:46:25Z Halima Waziri 29451 Saka databox 970425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Razaq Akanni Okoya''' Razaq_Akanni_Okoya.wav ⓘ CON (an haife shi 12 Janairu 1940) ɗan masana'antar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne kuma Aare na Legas. Shi ne mamallakin kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar kamfanonin Eleganza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Who is Razaq Okoya, the man who 'gives' President Tinubu money? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/374029/nigeria-who-is-razaq-okoya-the-man-who-gives-president-tinubu-money/ |website=The Africa Report.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=Razaq Okoya: Who be Eleganza oga wey im children dey trend for social media |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cd64y34jly0o |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Okoya mutumin Yarbawa ne daga yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . An haife shi a cikin dangin Tiamiyu Ayinde Okoya a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Ya yi makarantar firamare ta Ansar-Un-Deen a Oke Popo, makarantar da ya yi karatu a kai kaɗai. Ya yi aiki a fannin dinki na mahaifinsa, wanda ya haɗa da sayar da kayan aikin dinki. <ref name="sotunde" /> Kwarewar da ya samu ta ba shi kwarin gwiwar fara dinka ayyukansa da kansa. Ya adana duk wani dinari da ya samu har sai da ya sami fam 20. Mahaifiyarsa ta ba shi ƙarin fam 50, kuma tare da albarkar mahaifinsa, ya fara shigo da kaya daga [[Japan]] da kuma cinikin kayayyaki. == Gidan zama == Gidansa, "Oluwa ni shola" (Ubangiji yana girmama shi) a [[Lekki–Epe Expressway|titin Lekki/Ajah Expressway]] shine babban gidansa. Gidan "Oluwa ni shola", wanda aka kuma bayyana shi a matsayin gidan ' yan ƙasashen waje saboda yawan 'yan ƙasashen waje da ke zaune a can, yana da wutar lantarki da ruwa ba tare da katsewa ba, da kayan more rayuwa da kayan ado daban-daban. <ref name="sotunde">{{Cite web |last=Sotunde |first=Oluwabusayo |title=Portrait of a Mercurial Industrialist: Rasaq Akanni Okoya |url=http://www.ventures-africa.com/2012/10/portrait-of-a-mercurial-industrialist-rasaq-akanni-okoya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329095256/http://www.ventures-africa.com/2012/10/portrait-of-a-mercurial-industrialist-rasaq-akanni-okoya/ |archive-date=29 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Ventures Africa}}</ref> A cewar Bellanaija, "an ɗauki bidiyon waƙar [na "Suddenly"] a wurin da ake adana kayan "Oluwa ni shola" na Okoya." <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2009 |title=New Video: D'Banj tells the story of 'Suddenly' |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2009/02/11/new-video-dbanj-tells-the-story-of-suddenly/ |access-date=11 October 2013 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Attajiran Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] j6tx2levh4z7ppztiqjjyg842xiwgyt 0 179777 970427 2026-10-22T16:51:57Z Yahuzaishat 20549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377569918|Bibiani]]" 970427 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Bibiani|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|type=[[Town]] & [[Districts of Ghana|District]] Capital<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Ghana<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location of Bibiani in [[Western North Region]] <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Ghana}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Ghana|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Western North Region]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Ghana|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai District|Bibiani / Anhwiaso / Bekwai]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2013|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=21,583<ref name="World Gazetteer">{{cite web |url=http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=1170623253&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-85&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x |title=World Gazetteer online |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111172126/http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=1170623253&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-85&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x |archive-date=2012-01-11 }}</ref>|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|6|13|0|N|2|21|0|W|region:GH|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=260|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bibiani</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]] da Babban Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Bibiani is located in Ghana]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:75.121%;left:24.51%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bibiani]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bibiani</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayin Bibiani a Yammacin ArewaYankin Yammacin Arewa</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bibiani&params=6_13_0_N_2_21_0_W_region:GH_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°13′0′′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°21′0′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.21667°N 2.35000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.21667; -2.35000</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Ghana]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Yankuna na Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Yammacin Arewa |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Gundumomin Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |Bibiani / Anhwiaso / Bekwai |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |850 ft (260 m) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2013)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |21,583 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Greenwich Ma'anar Lokaci |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara (DST) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |GMT |} '''Bibiani''' gari ne kuma hedkwatar Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai Municipal Assembly, wata gunduma da ke cikin Western North Region na ƙasar [[Ghana]].<ref name="Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District">{{Cite web |title=Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District |url=http://bab.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329171638/http://bab.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |access-date=2012-07-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bibiani |url=http://www.nobleminres.com.au/bibiani.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021201523/http://www.nobleminres.com.au/bibiani.html |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013 |publisher=nobleminres.com.au}}</ref> == Aikin Haƙar Zinare na Bibiani == Aikin haƙar zinare na Bibiani wani aikin haɓaka ma'adinin zinare ne da ake gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda kamfanin Asante Gold mai tushe a Kanada ke aiwatarwa. Ana sa ran fara samar da zinare daga ma'adinin a ƙarshen shekarar 2025..<ref name="gold project1">{{Cite web |title=Bibiani Gold Project, Ghana |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/bibiani-gold-project/ |access-date=10 June 2024 |website=mining-technology.com |publisher=Mining Technology}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{GhanaLargestCities}}{{Ghana district capitals}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|6|13|N|2|21|W|region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} biv2r55odv7jjv6n41h2beooiuea71q 970428 970427 2026-10-22T16:53:26Z Yahuzaishat 20549 970428 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bibiani</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Town|Birni]] da Babban Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Bibiani is located in Ghana]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:75.121%;left:24.51%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bibiani]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bibiani</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayin Bibiani a Yammacin ArewaYankin Yammacin Arewa</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bibiani&params=6_13_0_N_2_21_0_W_region:GH_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°13′0′′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°21′0′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.21667°N 2.35000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.21667; -2.35000</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Ghana]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Yankuna na Ghana|Yankin]] | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Yammacin Arewa |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Gundumomin Ghana|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |Bibiani / Anhwiaso / Bekwai |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |850 ft (260 m) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2013)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |21,583 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Greenwich Ma'anar Lokaci |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara (DST) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |GMT |} '''Bibiani''' gari ne kuma hedkwatar Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai Municipal Assembly, wata gunduma da ke cikin Western North Region na ƙasar [[Ghana]].<ref name="Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District">{{Cite web |title=Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai District |url=http://bab.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329171638/http://bab.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |access-date=2012-07-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bibiani |url=http://www.nobleminres.com.au/bibiani.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021201523/http://www.nobleminres.com.au/bibiani.html |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013 |publisher=nobleminres.com.au}}</ref> == Aikin Haƙar Zinare na Bibiani == Aikin haƙar zinare na Bibiani wani aikin haɓaka ma'adinin zinare ne da ake gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda kamfanin Asante Gold mai tushe a Kanada ke aiwatarwa. Ana sa ran fara samar da zinare daga ma'adinin a ƙarshen shekarar 2025..<ref name="gold project1">{{Cite web |title=Bibiani Gold Project, Ghana |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/bibiani-gold-project/ |access-date=10 June 2024 |website=mining-technology.com |publisher=Mining Technology}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|6|13|N|2|21|W|region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} 0f9zkrydpgb96krab6i1ez3r3gbl380 0 179778 970429 2026-10-22T17:40:50Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310433896|Visual privacy]]" 970429 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Sirrin gani yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawa da rarraba bayanan gani, tsammanin sirri, da batutuwan shari'a da ke kewaye da su. Wadannan kwanaki kyamarori suna ko'ina. Ana samun su a cikin biliyoyin na'urorin lantarki, daga wayoyin salula zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutoci zuwa kyamarori masu sa ido a gidaje, kasuwanci, da jama'a. == Aikace-aikace == === Kulawa === Koyaya, [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] da amintaccen tasirin da ke kewaye da shi yana iyakance ikonsa na haɗuwa cikin yanayin lissafi. An kiyasta cewa an tura kyamarori na CCTV sama da miliyan 7 a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref name="r243">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=How Many CCTV Cameras in London? UK CCTV Numbers (Updated 2022) |url=https://clarionuk.com/resources/how-many-cctv-cameras-are-in-london/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Clarion UK}}</ref> Cibiyoyin sadarwar kyamara sun karu a duk faɗin ƙasashe. Kayan aiki don sarrafa yadda ake amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin kyamara da gyare-gyare ga hotuna da bidiyon da aka aika wa masu amfani na ƙarshe an bincika su. === Gidaje === A gida, sirrin gani yana da hannu wajen kare wurare masu zaman kansu, a cikin sarari da aka raba, da kuma kare mazauna daga baƙi da ba a so. Hakanan yana iya zama damuwa tsakanin mazauna ba tare da isasshen tantancewa ba. == Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani == Fasahar daban-daban na iya adana sirrin yayin samar da bayanai daga cibiyoyin sa ido. Yawancin waɗannan mafita sun dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don aiki a hanyar kiyaye sirri: * "Kamarori masu ladabi" ta atomatik suna rufe fuskokin mutanen da aka lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jeremy Schiff |last2=Marci Meingast |last3=Deirdre K. Mulligan |last4=Shankar Sastry |last5=Ken Goldberg |year=2007 |title=Respectful Cameras: Detecting Visual Markers in Real-Time to Address Privacy Concerns |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jschiff/RespectfulCameras/index.html |journal=International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Diego, California. October 2007}}</ref> * Google Streetview yana amfani da gano fuska ta atomatik don ɓoye fuska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street View revisits Manhattan |url=https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html}}</ref> * Eptascape yana da samfurin da ke ba da sa ido na sirri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eptascape, Inc. MPEG-7 Video Analytics |url=http://www.eptascape.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621124054/http://www.eptascape.com/ |archive-date=21 June 2008 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.eptascape.com}}</ref> * Cardea wata hanyar kariya ce ta sirri ta gani da ke kula da mahallin da ke kare sirrin masu kallo a cikin hotuna bisa ga abubuwan da suka fi so na sirri.<ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Cardea: Context–Aware Visual Privacy Protection for Photo Taking and Sharing |url=https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184408/https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> * Ana amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi da zurfi a gano mutum da ƙidaya mutane. * Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai kiyaye sirrin ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar ingantaccen gani da algorithms don yin ayyukan hangen nesa kamar ƙididdigar mutum da kuma gane aikin. * Lissafi na gefe: aikace-aikace daban-daban suna inganta sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar adana bayanai na gani da sauran bayanai akan na'urorin sirri maimakon aikawa zuwa uwar garken don sarrafawa. Wannan na ƙarshe yana ƙara "farfa", yana haifar da ƙarin damar ba da damar wasu damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da / ko Malware. == Duba kuma == * Kula da Jama'a == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html Unblinking: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Sirriyar Bayani a Karni na 21.] eovjstr43vy29424bgmxjc1baa6gibo 970430 970429 2026-10-22T17:43:48Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani */ 970430 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Sirrin gani yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawa da rarraba bayanan gani, tsammanin sirri, da batutuwan shari'a da ke kewaye da su. Wadannan kwanaki kyamarori suna ko'ina. Ana samun su a cikin biliyoyin na'urorin lantarki, daga wayoyin salula zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutoci zuwa kyamarori masu sa ido a gidaje, kasuwanci, da jama'a. == Aikace-aikace == === Kulawa === Koyaya, [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] da amintaccen tasirin da ke kewaye da shi yana iyakance ikonsa na haɗuwa cikin yanayin lissafi. An kiyasta cewa an tura kyamarori na CCTV sama da miliyan 7 a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref name="r243">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=How Many CCTV Cameras in London? UK CCTV Numbers (Updated 2022) |url=https://clarionuk.com/resources/how-many-cctv-cameras-are-in-london/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Clarion UK}}</ref> Cibiyoyin sadarwar kyamara sun karu a duk faɗin ƙasashe. Kayan aiki don sarrafa yadda ake amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin kyamara da gyare-gyare ga hotuna da bidiyon da aka aika wa masu amfani na ƙarshe an bincika su. === Gidaje === A gida, sirrin gani yana da hannu wajen kare wurare masu zaman kansu, a cikin sarari da aka raba, da kuma kare mazauna daga baƙi da ba a so. Hakanan yana iya zama damuwa tsakanin mazauna ba tare da isasshen tantancewa ba. == Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani == Fasahar daban-daban na iya adana sirrin yayin samar da bayanai daga cibiyoyin sa ido. Yawancin waɗannan mafita sun dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don aiki a hanyar kiyaye sirri:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koelle |first1=Marion |title=Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction |last2=Wolf |first2=Katrin |last3=Boll |first3=Susanne |date=2018 |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=9781450355681 |series=Tei '18 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |pages=177–187 |chapter=Beyond LED Status Lights - Design Requirements of Privacy Notices for Body-worn Cameras |doi=10.1145/3173225.3173234 |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173225.3173234 |s2cid=3954480}}</ref> * "Kamarori masu ladabi" ta atomatik suna rufe fuskokin mutanen da aka lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jeremy Schiff |last2=Marci Meingast |last3=Deirdre K. Mulligan |last4=Shankar Sastry |last5=Ken Goldberg |year=2007 |title=Respectful Cameras: Detecting Visual Markers in Real-Time to Address Privacy Concerns |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jschiff/RespectfulCameras/index.html |journal=International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Diego, California. October 2007}}</ref> * Google Streetview yana amfani da gano fuska ta atomatik don ɓoye fuska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street View revisits Manhattan |url=https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html}}</ref> * Eptascape yana da samfurin da ke ba da sa ido na sirri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eptascape, Inc. MPEG-7 Video Analytics |url=http://www.eptascape.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621124054/http://www.eptascape.com/ |archive-date=21 June 2008 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.eptascape.com}}</ref> * Cardea wata hanyar kariya ce ta sirri ta gani da ke kula da mahallin da ke kare sirrin masu kallo a cikin hotuna bisa ga abubuwan da suka fi so na sirri.<ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Cardea: Context–Aware Visual Privacy Protection for Photo Taking and Sharing |url=https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184408/https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> * Ana amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi da zurfi a gano mutum da ƙidaya mutane. * Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai kiyaye sirrin ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar ingantaccen gani da algorithms don yin ayyukan hangen nesa kamar ƙididdigar mutum da kuma gane aikin. * Lissafi na gefe: aikace-aikace daban-daban suna inganta sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar adana bayanai na gani da sauran bayanai akan na'urorin sirri maimakon aikawa zuwa uwar garken don sarrafawa. Wannan na ƙarshe yana ƙara "farfa", yana haifar da ƙarin damar ba da damar wasu damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da / ko Malware. == Duba kuma == * Kula da Jama'a == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html Unblinking: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Sirriyar Bayani a Karni na 21.] q7350x1mbpbafx8fd8y31wh892wwzqo 970432 970430 2026-10-22T17:46:48Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani */ 970432 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Sirrin gani yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawa da rarraba bayanan gani, tsammanin sirri, da batutuwan shari'a da ke kewaye da su. Wadannan kwanaki kyamarori suna ko'ina. Ana samun su a cikin biliyoyin na'urorin lantarki, daga wayoyin salula zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutoci zuwa kyamarori masu sa ido a gidaje, kasuwanci, da jama'a. == Aikace-aikace == === Kulawa === Koyaya, [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] da amintaccen tasirin da ke kewaye da shi yana iyakance ikonsa na haɗuwa cikin yanayin lissafi. An kiyasta cewa an tura kyamarori na CCTV sama da miliyan 7 a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref name="r243">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=How Many CCTV Cameras in London? UK CCTV Numbers (Updated 2022) |url=https://clarionuk.com/resources/how-many-cctv-cameras-are-in-london/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Clarion UK}}</ref> Cibiyoyin sadarwar kyamara sun karu a duk faɗin ƙasashe. Kayan aiki don sarrafa yadda ake amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin kyamara da gyare-gyare ga hotuna da bidiyon da aka aika wa masu amfani na ƙarshe an bincika su. === Gidaje === A gida, sirrin gani yana da hannu wajen kare wurare masu zaman kansu, a cikin sarari da aka raba, da kuma kare mazauna daga baƙi da ba a so. Hakanan yana iya zama damuwa tsakanin mazauna ba tare da isasshen tantancewa ba. == Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani == Fasahar daban-daban na iya adana sirrin yayin samar da bayanai daga cibiyoyin sa ido. Yawancin waɗannan mafita sun dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don aiki a hanyar kiyaye sirri:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koelle |first1=Marion |title=Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction |last2=Wolf |first2=Katrin |last3=Boll |first3=Susanne |date=2018 |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=9781450355681 |series=Tei '18 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |pages=177–187 |chapter=Beyond LED Status Lights - Design Requirements of Privacy Notices for Body-worn Cameras |doi=10.1145/3173225.3173234 |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173225.3173234 |s2cid=3954480}}</ref> * "Kamarori masu ladabi" ta atomatik suna rufe fuskokin mutanen da aka lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jeremy Schiff |last2=Marci Meingast |last3=Deirdre K. Mulligan |last4=Shankar Sastry |last5=Ken Goldberg |year=2007 |title=Respectful Cameras: Detecting Visual Markers in Real-Time to Address Privacy Concerns |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jschiff/RespectfulCameras/index.html |journal=International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Diego, California. October 2007}}</ref> * Google Streetview yana amfani da gano fuska ta atomatik don ɓoye fuska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street View revisits Manhattan |url=https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html}}</ref> * Eptascape yana da samfurin da ke ba da sa ido na sirri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eptascape, Inc. MPEG-7 Video Analytics |url=http://www.eptascape.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621124054/http://www.eptascape.com/ |archive-date=21 June 2008 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.eptascape.com}}</ref> * Cardea wata hanyar kariya ce ta sirri ta gani da ke kula da mahallin da ke kare sirrin masu kallo a cikin hotuna bisa ga abubuwan da suka fi so na sirri.<ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Cardea: Context–Aware Visual Privacy Protection for Photo Taking and Sharing |url=https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184408/https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> * Ana amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi da zurfi <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pittaluga|first1=Francesco|last2=Koppal|first2=Sanjeev J.|title=2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |chapter=Privacy preserving optics for miniature vision sensors |date=June 2015|location=Boston, MA, USA|publisher=IEEE|pages=314–324|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298628|isbn=9781467369640|citeseerx=10.1.1.944.2193|s2cid=14056410}}</ref> a gano mutum da ƙidaya mutane. * Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai kiyaye sirrin ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar ingantaccen gani da algorithms don yin ayyukan hangen nesa kamar ƙididdigar mutum da kuma gane aikin. * Lissafi na gefe: aikace-aikace daban-daban suna inganta sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar adana bayanai na gani da sauran bayanai akan na'urorin sirri maimakon aikawa zuwa uwar garken don sarrafawa. Wannan na ƙarshe yana ƙara "farfa", yana haifar da ƙarin damar ba da damar wasu damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da / ko Malware. == Duba kuma == * Kula da Jama'a == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html Unblinking: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Sirriyar Bayani a Karni na 21.] d736scrlb14yt0o3n163w4z75kqk9ln 970435 970432 2026-10-22T17:48:45Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani */ 970435 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Sirrin gani yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawa da rarraba bayanan gani, tsammanin sirri, da batutuwan shari'a da ke kewaye da su. Wadannan kwanaki kyamarori suna ko'ina. Ana samun su a cikin biliyoyin na'urorin lantarki, daga wayoyin salula zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutoci zuwa kyamarori masu sa ido a gidaje, kasuwanci, da jama'a. == Aikace-aikace == === Kulawa === Koyaya, [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] da amintaccen tasirin da ke kewaye da shi yana iyakance ikonsa na haɗuwa cikin yanayin lissafi. An kiyasta cewa an tura kyamarori na CCTV sama da miliyan 7 a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref name="r243">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=How Many CCTV Cameras in London? UK CCTV Numbers (Updated 2022) |url=https://clarionuk.com/resources/how-many-cctv-cameras-are-in-london/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Clarion UK}}</ref> Cibiyoyin sadarwar kyamara sun karu a duk faɗin ƙasashe. Kayan aiki don sarrafa yadda ake amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin kyamara da gyare-gyare ga hotuna da bidiyon da aka aika wa masu amfani na ƙarshe an bincika su. === Gidaje === A gida, sirrin gani yana da hannu wajen kare wurare masu zaman kansu, a cikin sarari da aka raba, da kuma kare mazauna daga baƙi da ba a so. Hakanan yana iya zama damuwa tsakanin mazauna ba tare da isasshen tantancewa ba. == Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani == Fasahar daban-daban na iya adana sirrin yayin samar da bayanai daga cibiyoyin sa ido. Yawancin waɗannan mafita sun dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don aiki a hanyar kiyaye sirri:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koelle |first1=Marion |title=Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction |last2=Wolf |first2=Katrin |last3=Boll |first3=Susanne |date=2018 |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=9781450355681 |series=Tei '18 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |pages=177–187 |chapter=Beyond LED Status Lights - Design Requirements of Privacy Notices for Body-worn Cameras |doi=10.1145/3173225.3173234 |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173225.3173234 |s2cid=3954480}}</ref> * "Kamarori masu ladabi" ta atomatik suna rufe fuskokin mutanen da aka lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jeremy Schiff |last2=Marci Meingast |last3=Deirdre K. Mulligan |last4=Shankar Sastry |last5=Ken Goldberg |year=2007 |title=Respectful Cameras: Detecting Visual Markers in Real-Time to Address Privacy Concerns |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jschiff/RespectfulCameras/index.html |journal=International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Diego, California. October 2007}}</ref> * Google Streetview yana amfani da gano fuska ta atomatik don ɓoye fuska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street View revisits Manhattan |url=https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html}}</ref> * Eptascape yana da samfurin da ke ba da sa ido na sirri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eptascape, Inc. MPEG-7 Video Analytics |url=http://www.eptascape.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621124054/http://www.eptascape.com/ |archive-date=21 June 2008 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.eptascape.com}}</ref> * Cardea wata hanyar kariya ce ta sirri ta gani da ke kula da mahallin da ke kare sirrin masu kallo a cikin hotuna bisa ga abubuwan da suka fi so na sirri.<ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Cardea: Context–Aware Visual Privacy Protection for Photo Taking and Sharing |url=https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184408/https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> * Ana amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi da zurfi <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pittaluga|first1=Francesco|last2=Koppal|first2=Sanjeev J.|title=2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |chapter=Privacy preserving optics for miniature vision sensors |date=June 2015|location=Boston, MA, USA|publisher=IEEE|pages=314–324|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298628|isbn=9781467369640|citeseerx=10.1.1.944.2193|s2cid=14056410}}</ref> a gano mutum da ƙidaya mutane. * Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai kiyaye sirrin <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hinojosa|first1=Carlos|last2=Niebles|first2=Juan Carlos|last3=Arguello|first3=Henry|chapter=Learning Privacy-preserving Optics for Human Pose Estimation |date=October 2021|title=2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) |publisher=IEEE/CVF|pages=2573–2582|doi=10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.00257 |isbn=978-1-6654-2812-5 }}</ref> ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar ingantaccen gani da algorithms don yin ayyukan hangen nesa kamar ƙididdigar mutum da kuma gane aikin. * Lissafi na gefe: aikace-aikace daban-daban suna inganta sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar adana bayanai na gani da sauran bayanai akan na'urorin sirri maimakon aikawa zuwa uwar garken don sarrafawa. Wannan na ƙarshe yana ƙara "farfa", yana haifar da ƙarin damar ba da damar wasu damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da / ko Malware. == Duba kuma == * Kula da Jama'a == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html Unblinking: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Sirriyar Bayani a Karni na 21.] ffr1y5lodzvj2u4243bcvmikplx0we2 970437 970435 2026-10-22T17:49:19Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970437 wikitext text/x-wiki Sirrin gani yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawa da rarraba bayanan gani, tsammanin sirri, da batutuwan shari'a da ke kewaye da su. Wadannan kwanaki kyamarori suna ko'ina. Ana samun su a cikin biliyoyin na'urorin lantarki, daga wayoyin salula zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutoci zuwa kyamarori masu sa ido a gidaje, kasuwanci, da jama'a. == Aikace-aikace == === Kulawa === Koyaya, [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] da amintaccen tasirin da ke kewaye da shi yana iyakance ikonsa na haɗuwa cikin yanayin lissafi. An kiyasta cewa an tura kyamarori na CCTV sama da miliyan 7 a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref name="r243">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=How Many CCTV Cameras in London? UK CCTV Numbers (Updated 2022) |url=https://clarionuk.com/resources/how-many-cctv-cameras-are-in-london/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Clarion UK}}</ref> Cibiyoyin sadarwar kyamara sun karu a duk faɗin ƙasashe. Kayan aiki don sarrafa yadda ake amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin kyamara da gyare-gyare ga hotuna da bidiyon da aka aika wa masu amfani na ƙarshe an bincika su. === Gidaje === A gida, sirrin gani yana da hannu wajen kare wurare masu zaman kansu, a cikin sarari da aka raba, da kuma kare mazauna daga baƙi da ba a so. Hakanan yana iya zama damuwa tsakanin mazauna ba tare da isasshen tantancewa ba. == Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani == Fasahar daban-daban na iya adana sirrin yayin samar da bayanai daga cibiyoyin sa ido. Yawancin waɗannan mafita sun dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don aiki a hanyar kiyaye sirri:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koelle |first1=Marion |title=Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction |last2=Wolf |first2=Katrin |last3=Boll |first3=Susanne |date=2018 |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=9781450355681 |series=Tei '18 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |pages=177–187 |chapter=Beyond LED Status Lights - Design Requirements of Privacy Notices for Body-worn Cameras |doi=10.1145/3173225.3173234 |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173225.3173234 |s2cid=3954480}}</ref> * "Kamarori masu ladabi" ta atomatik suna rufe fuskokin mutanen da aka lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jeremy Schiff |last2=Marci Meingast |last3=Deirdre K. Mulligan |last4=Shankar Sastry |last5=Ken Goldberg |year=2007 |title=Respectful Cameras: Detecting Visual Markers in Real-Time to Address Privacy Concerns |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jschiff/RespectfulCameras/index.html |journal=International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Diego, California. October 2007}}</ref> * Google Streetview yana amfani da gano fuska ta atomatik don ɓoye fuska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street View revisits Manhattan |url=https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html}}</ref> * Eptascape yana da samfurin da ke ba da sa ido na sirri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eptascape, Inc. MPEG-7 Video Analytics |url=http://www.eptascape.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621124054/http://www.eptascape.com/ |archive-date=21 June 2008 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.eptascape.com}}</ref> * Cardea wata hanyar kariya ce ta sirri ta gani da ke kula da mahallin da ke kare sirrin masu kallo a cikin hotuna bisa ga abubuwan da suka fi so na sirri.<ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Cardea: Context–Aware Visual Privacy Protection for Photo Taking and Sharing |url=https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184408/https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> * Ana amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi da zurfi <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pittaluga|first1=Francesco|last2=Koppal|first2=Sanjeev J.|title=2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |chapter=Privacy preserving optics for miniature vision sensors |date=June 2015|location=Boston, MA, USA|publisher=IEEE|pages=314–324|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298628|isbn=9781467369640|citeseerx=10.1.1.944.2193|s2cid=14056410}}</ref> a gano mutum da ƙidaya mutane. * Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai kiyaye sirrin <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hinojosa|first1=Carlos|last2=Niebles|first2=Juan Carlos|last3=Arguello|first3=Henry|chapter=Learning Privacy-preserving Optics for Human Pose Estimation |date=October 2021|title=2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) |publisher=IEEE/CVF|pages=2573–2582|doi=10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.00257 |isbn=978-1-6654-2812-5 }}</ref> ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar ingantaccen gani da algorithms don yin ayyukan hangen nesa kamar ƙididdigar mutum da kuma gane aikin. * Lissafi na gefe: aikace-aikace daban-daban suna inganta sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar adana bayanai na gani da sauran bayanai akan na'urorin sirri maimakon aikawa zuwa uwar garken don sarrafawa. Wannan na ƙarshe yana ƙara "farfa", yana haifar da ƙarin damar ba da damar wasu damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da / ko Malware. == Duba kuma == * Kula da Jama'a == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html Unblinking: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Sirriyar Bayani a Karni na 21.] 8dz0w3ksypco2l2m6adlmb31aw0tv8p 970438 970437 2026-10-22T17:50:12Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sirrin gani''' yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tattarawa da rarraba bayanan gani, tsammanin sirri, da batutuwan shari'a da ke kewaye da su. Wadannan kwanaki kyamarori suna ko'ina. Ana samun su a cikin biliyoyin na'urorin lantarki, daga wayoyin salula zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da kwamfyutoci zuwa kyamarori masu sa ido a gidaje, kasuwanci, da jama'a. == Aikace-aikace == === Kulawa === Koyaya, [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] da amintaccen tasirin da ke kewaye da shi yana iyakance ikonsa na haɗuwa cikin yanayin lissafi. An kiyasta cewa an tura kyamarori na CCTV sama da miliyan 7 a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref name="r243">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=How Many CCTV Cameras in London? UK CCTV Numbers (Updated 2022) |url=https://clarionuk.com/resources/how-many-cctv-cameras-are-in-london/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Clarion UK}}</ref> Cibiyoyin sadarwar kyamara sun karu a duk faɗin ƙasashe. Kayan aiki don sarrafa yadda ake amfani da waɗannan cibiyoyin kyamara da gyare-gyare ga hotuna da bidiyon da aka aika wa masu amfani na ƙarshe an bincika su. === Gidaje === A gida, sirrin gani yana da hannu wajen kare wurare masu zaman kansu, a cikin sarari da aka raba, da kuma kare mazauna daga baƙi da ba a so. Hakanan yana iya zama damuwa tsakanin mazauna ba tare da isasshen tantancewa ba. == Fasahar da ke inganta sirrin gani == Fasahar daban-daban na iya adana sirrin yayin samar da bayanai daga cibiyoyin sa ido. Yawancin waɗannan mafita sun dogara da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don aiki a hanyar kiyaye sirri:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Koelle |first1=Marion |title=Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction |last2=Wolf |first2=Katrin |last3=Boll |first3=Susanne |date=2018 |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=9781450355681 |series=Tei '18 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |pages=177–187 |chapter=Beyond LED Status Lights - Design Requirements of Privacy Notices for Body-worn Cameras |doi=10.1145/3173225.3173234 |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173225.3173234 |s2cid=3954480}}</ref> * "Kamarori masu ladabi" ta atomatik suna rufe fuskokin mutanen da aka lura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jeremy Schiff |last2=Marci Meingast |last3=Deirdre K. Mulligan |last4=Shankar Sastry |last5=Ken Goldberg |year=2007 |title=Respectful Cameras: Detecting Visual Markers in Real-Time to Address Privacy Concerns |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jschiff/RespectfulCameras/index.html |journal=International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). San Diego, California. October 2007}}</ref> * Google Streetview yana amfani da gano fuska ta atomatik don ɓoye fuska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Street View revisits Manhattan |url=https://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/05/street-view-revisits-manhattan.html}}</ref> * Eptascape yana da samfurin da ke ba da sa ido na sirri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eptascape, Inc. MPEG-7 Video Analytics |url=http://www.eptascape.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621124054/http://www.eptascape.com/ |archive-date=21 June 2008 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.eptascape.com}}</ref> * Cardea wata hanyar kariya ce ta sirri ta gani da ke kula da mahallin da ke kare sirrin masu kallo a cikin hotuna bisa ga abubuwan da suka fi so na sirri.<ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Cardea: Context–Aware Visual Privacy Protection for Photo Taking and Sharing |url=https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184408/https://home.cse.ust.hk/~jshuaa/papers/mmsys18_cardea.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref> * Ana amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi da zurfi <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pittaluga|first1=Francesco|last2=Koppal|first2=Sanjeev J.|title=2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |chapter=Privacy preserving optics for miniature vision sensors |date=June 2015|location=Boston, MA, USA|publisher=IEEE|pages=314–324|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298628|isbn=9781467369640|citeseerx=10.1.1.944.2193|s2cid=14056410}}</ref> a gano mutum da ƙidaya mutane. * Tsarin ruwan tabarau mai kiyaye sirrin <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hinojosa|first1=Carlos|last2=Niebles|first2=Juan Carlos|last3=Arguello|first3=Henry|chapter=Learning Privacy-preserving Optics for Human Pose Estimation |date=October 2021|title=2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) |publisher=IEEE/CVF|pages=2573–2582|doi=10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.00257 |isbn=978-1-6654-2812-5 }}</ref> ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar ingantaccen gani da algorithms don yin ayyukan hangen nesa kamar ƙididdigar mutum da kuma gane aikin. * Lissafi na gefe: aikace-aikace daban-daban suna inganta sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar adana bayanai na gani da sauran bayanai akan na'urorin sirri maimakon aikawa zuwa uwar garken don sarrafawa. Wannan na ƙarshe yana ƙara "farfa", yana haifar da ƙarin damar ba da damar wasu damar samun bayanai masu zaman kansu ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da / ko Malware. == Duba kuma == * Kula da Jama'a == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/events/unblinking/unblink.html Unblinking: Sabbin Ra'ayoyi game da Sirriyar Bayani a Karni na 21.] fg9h7ooe3s1xqvoljqu1kk9l9jjuv6q 0 179779 970439 2026-10-22T17:53:45Z Saad Nuhu 43323 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367348549|Nigeria men's national under-17 basketball team]]" 970439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza ta kasa da shekaru 16 ta [[Najeriya]]''' kungiya ce ta kwallon kwando na kasa ta Najeriya, wacce Hukumar Kwando ta Najeriya ke gudanarwa.<ref>[https://about.fiba.basketball/en/national-federations/116-nigeria Profile - Nigeria], about.fiba.basketball</ref><ref>[https://www.afrobasket.com/Nigeria/Basketball-National-Team/U16 Nigeria (U16 Men)], afrobasket.com</ref> Yana wakiltar kasar a gasar kwallon kwando ta kasa da kasa ta maza. == FIBA U16 AfroBasket shiga == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Year !Result |- |2009 | |- |2015 |5th |- |2019 | |} == Dubi kuma == * Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Najeriya * [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Maza ta Najeriya ta Kasa da Shekaru 19|Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta Najeriya]] * Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta kasa da shekara 17 ta Najeriya == Manazarta == 84hzlqv9hufx4cwuz97f23mnzz3jfqm 0 179780 970440 2026-10-22T17:56:28Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360448807|I Don't Speak German]]" 970440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Ba na Magana da Jamusanci''''' ne kwasfan fayiloli game da fararen kasa a Amurka, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "wasu fayiloli da ke fuskantar fararen kasa daya a lokaci" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harper |first=Daniel |title=about @danieleharper |url=https://twitter.com/danieleharper |access-date=2020-01-06 |quote=Co-host, 'I Don't Speak German,' a podcast confronting white nationalism one asshole at a time.}}</ref> ta masu masaukin sa Daniel Harper da Jack Graham. == Tarihi == Harper ya fara kwasfan fayiloli bayan ya saurari Fash The Nation, kuma bayan Unite the Right ya faru.<ref name="thed_This">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick R. |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2019-10-20 |title=This Podcaster Dug Into the World of Neo-Nazis. Now They've Put a Target on Him. |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529114017/https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back/ |archive-date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Daily Beast |quote=Daniel Harper is the co-host of what might be the most important podcast countering the white nationalist movement today.It's called I Don't Speak German, and since launching in January it has helped lead people back from the brink of radicalization, drawn plaudits from researchers of violent extremism, and attracted an audience of thousands of regular listeners.}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru a watan Satumbar 2019 sun tattauna ''Siege'', tarin rubuce-rubucen Neo-Nazi na James Nolan Mason, wanda aka yi la'akari da muhimmiyar karatun The Base - ƙungiyar ƙiyayya ta neo-Nazi - da Bowl Patrol, ƙungiyar masu bauta wa Dylann Roof. Kungiyoyin suna bin ka'idarsa ta hanzari, wanda ke ba da shawara ga kisan kiyashi don ƙirƙirar fararen kabilanci. Harper ya kuma tattauna shugaban Bowl Patrol, Andrew Richard Casarez a.k.a. "Vic Mackey", <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title="Vic Mackey" of the "Bowl Patrol" Identified as Andrew Casarez of Orangevale, California |url=https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124102434/https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |archive-date=2025-01-24 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=Anonymous Comrades Collective |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ke da "sha'awar fataucin mutane a cikin fyade da barazanar mutuwa". <ref name="martin1">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2020-01-06 |title=The wrong house |url=https://www.informant.news/p/the-wrong-house |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319102231/https://www.informant.news/the-wrong-house/ |archive-date=2025-03-19 |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=The Informant}}</ref> Casarez, da tsohon dan takarar majalisa na [[Wisconsin]] [[Paul Nehlen]] (wanda Harper ya kira "mutumin mugunta, mummunan"), <ref name="martin1" /> sun yi ƙoƙari su yi Harper, suna samun mutum mai suna a garin Dexter, Michigan. 'Yan kungiyar Bowl Patrol sun fara tuki a wannan gidan da ba shi da alaƙa, suna daukar hotuna da bidiyo na gidan, don aika barazanar Harper. Bayan kwanaki, an kama sojan Amurka kuma memba na Atomwaffen Division Jarrett Smith a Fort Riley, Kansas, yana zargin ya tattauna yin bama-bamai, aika bama-bomb ga [[CNN]] da Beto O'Rourke, da kuma ƙone gidan Harper. <ref name="martin1" /> A ƙarshen Oktoba 2019, an sanya bidiyon a tashar Telegram ta Nehlen, yana nuna alamar Patrol na Bowl da gidan Harper mara kyau. Mazauna daga baya sun sami wata wasika mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi wa Harper, ta sanya hannu kan "Cüm Bomber".<ref name="martin1" /> Mambobin Black-clad na The Base sun ci gaba da ziyartar gidan har zuwa tsakiyar watan Disamba, gami da ɗaukar hotuna na gidan a wannan dare da mazauna suka dawo gida tare da sabon ɗansu. Iyalin sun rubuta wa Harper, suna rokonsa ya musanta adireshin a bainar jama'a. Harper a ƙarshe ya sami damar samun amsa daga FBI da Ofishin Sheriff na Washtenaw County; Ofishin Sherif ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai a matsayin "hotuna da maganganu marasa barazana, " sun nuna cewa ba su haɗa Jarrett Smith da sauran mutanen da ke rufe gidan ba, kuma sun yi la'akari da rufe shari'ar. <ref name="mliv_Whit">{{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=Samuel |date=2019-12-24 |title=White supremacists target Dexter home by mistake |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2019/12/white-supremacists-target-dexter-home-by-mistake.html |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=mlive |quote=The sheriff's office said that neither the Sheas, Harper the podcaster nor the Harpers that moved have received direct threats related to their investigation, and that only non-threatening photographs and statements have been shared in connection with the address.}}</ref><ref name="thes_Dext">{{Cite web |last=Huhman |first=Lonnie |date=2019-12-24 |title=Dexter family wrongly targeted |url=https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121091451/https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |archive-date=2020-01-21 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Sun Times News |quote="Knowing the post office couldn't return it to the sender and thinking hand written likely meant personal and sentimental, I forwarded the letter to the former homeowners," she said. "It turned out to be a threatening letter of a white supremacist nature. At this point, the Harpers who used to lived at our address let us know what the letter was, that they were in touch with the FBI and we learned that the intended target was in fact another Michigander, also named Daniel E. Harper, who has a podcast designed to unveil and antagonize white supremacist organizations. Apparently they are not amused."}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2020, FBI ta kama mambobi biyu na The Base saboda cin zarafin da suka yi a gida shekara guda da ta gabata, kuma an tuhume su da kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar, aika saƙo ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma amfani da kwamfutoci don aikata laifi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linton |first=Caroline |date=2020-10-30 |title=Feds arrest alleged white supremacy group member who claimed to run "hate camp" in Michigan |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322003949/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |archive-date=2025-03-22 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=White supremacists facing charges after allegedly terrorizing family in Dexter |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214111119/https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |archive-date=2025-02-14 |website=WXYZ ABC News}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == An bayyana kwasfan fayiloli a matsayin "marasa jin daɗi" daga Anthony D. Herrera na AV Club, wanda ya ce "abin da ya fi ban mamaki game da ''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci'' shine yadda wasan kwaikwayo ke cikin rayuwar waɗannan masu wariyar launin fata".<ref name="aux._Insi">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Anthony D. |date=2019-11-03 |title=Inside Conan serves up the nuts-and-bolts of comedy for true late-night dorks |url=https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120001653/https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |series=Podmass |quote=What is most surprising about I Don't Speak German is just how much cringe comedy is involved in the lives of these racists.}}</ref> A rubuce-rubuce don The Daily Beast, Nick R. Martin ya ce "yana iya zama mafi mahimmancin kwasfan fayiloli da ke adawa da fararen 'yan kasa a yau".<ref name="thed_This" /> == Duba kuma == * Christopher Cantwell * Podcast na siyasa * Yara Masu Girma * Tom Kawcyznski * Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta gargajiya * Girman fararen fata a Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://idontspeakgerman.libsyn.com/|I Don't Speak German podcast}} 89d2lrj2ns1f3nkj2i0w8v4mcuoq4m5 970441 970440 2026-10-22T17:57:08Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci''''' ne kwasfan fayiloli game da fararen kasa a Amurka, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "wasu fayiloli da ke fuskantar fararen kasa daya a lokaci" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harper |first=Daniel |title=about @danieleharper |url=https://twitter.com/danieleharper |access-date=2020-01-06 |quote=Co-host, 'I Don't Speak German,' a podcast confronting white nationalism one asshole at a time.}}</ref> ta masu masaukin sa Daniel Harper da Jack Graham. == Tarihi == Harper ya fara kwasfan fayiloli bayan ya saurari Fash The Nation, kuma bayan Unite the Right ya faru.<ref name="thed_This">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick R. |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2019-10-20 |title=This Podcaster Dug Into the World of Neo-Nazis. Now They've Put a Target on Him. |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529114017/https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back/ |archive-date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Daily Beast |quote=Daniel Harper is the co-host of what might be the most important podcast countering the white nationalist movement today.It's called I Don't Speak German, and since launching in January it has helped lead people back from the brink of radicalization, drawn plaudits from researchers of violent extremism, and attracted an audience of thousands of regular listeners.}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru a watan Satumbar 2019 sun tattauna ''Siege'', tarin rubuce-rubucen Neo-Nazi na James Nolan Mason, wanda aka yi la'akari da muhimmiyar karatun The Base - ƙungiyar ƙiyayya ta neo-Nazi - da Bowl Patrol, ƙungiyar masu bauta wa Dylann Roof. Kungiyoyin suna bin ka'idarsa ta hanzari, wanda ke ba da shawara ga kisan kiyashi don ƙirƙirar fararen kabilanci. Harper ya kuma tattauna shugaban Bowl Patrol, Andrew Richard Casarez a.k.a. "Vic Mackey", <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title="Vic Mackey" of the "Bowl Patrol" Identified as Andrew Casarez of Orangevale, California |url=https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124102434/https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |archive-date=2025-01-24 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=Anonymous Comrades Collective |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ke da "sha'awar fataucin mutane a cikin fyade da barazanar mutuwa". <ref name="martin1">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2020-01-06 |title=The wrong house |url=https://www.informant.news/p/the-wrong-house |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319102231/https://www.informant.news/the-wrong-house/ |archive-date=2025-03-19 |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=The Informant}}</ref> Casarez, da tsohon dan takarar majalisa na [[Wisconsin]] [[Paul Nehlen]] (wanda Harper ya kira "mutumin mugunta, mummunan"), <ref name="martin1" /> sun yi ƙoƙari su yi Harper, suna samun mutum mai suna a garin Dexter, Michigan. 'Yan kungiyar Bowl Patrol sun fara tuki a wannan gidan da ba shi da alaƙa, suna daukar hotuna da bidiyo na gidan, don aika barazanar Harper. Bayan kwanaki, an kama sojan Amurka kuma memba na Atomwaffen Division Jarrett Smith a Fort Riley, Kansas, yana zargin ya tattauna yin bama-bamai, aika bama-bomb ga [[CNN]] da Beto O'Rourke, da kuma ƙone gidan Harper. <ref name="martin1" /> A ƙarshen Oktoba 2019, an sanya bidiyon a tashar Telegram ta Nehlen, yana nuna alamar Patrol na Bowl da gidan Harper mara kyau. Mazauna daga baya sun sami wata wasika mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi wa Harper, ta sanya hannu kan "Cüm Bomber".<ref name="martin1" /> Mambobin Black-clad na The Base sun ci gaba da ziyartar gidan har zuwa tsakiyar watan Disamba, gami da ɗaukar hotuna na gidan a wannan dare da mazauna suka dawo gida tare da sabon ɗansu. Iyalin sun rubuta wa Harper, suna rokonsa ya musanta adireshin a bainar jama'a. Harper a ƙarshe ya sami damar samun amsa daga FBI da Ofishin Sheriff na Washtenaw County; Ofishin Sherif ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai a matsayin "hotuna da maganganu marasa barazana, " sun nuna cewa ba su haɗa Jarrett Smith da sauran mutanen da ke rufe gidan ba, kuma sun yi la'akari da rufe shari'ar. <ref name="mliv_Whit">{{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=Samuel |date=2019-12-24 |title=White supremacists target Dexter home by mistake |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2019/12/white-supremacists-target-dexter-home-by-mistake.html |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=mlive |quote=The sheriff's office said that neither the Sheas, Harper the podcaster nor the Harpers that moved have received direct threats related to their investigation, and that only non-threatening photographs and statements have been shared in connection with the address.}}</ref><ref name="thes_Dext">{{Cite web |last=Huhman |first=Lonnie |date=2019-12-24 |title=Dexter family wrongly targeted |url=https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121091451/https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |archive-date=2020-01-21 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Sun Times News |quote="Knowing the post office couldn't return it to the sender and thinking hand written likely meant personal and sentimental, I forwarded the letter to the former homeowners," she said. "It turned out to be a threatening letter of a white supremacist nature. At this point, the Harpers who used to lived at our address let us know what the letter was, that they were in touch with the FBI and we learned that the intended target was in fact another Michigander, also named Daniel E. Harper, who has a podcast designed to unveil and antagonize white supremacist organizations. Apparently they are not amused."}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2020, FBI ta kama mambobi biyu na The Base saboda cin zarafin da suka yi a gida shekara guda da ta gabata, kuma an tuhume su da kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar, aika saƙo ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma amfani da kwamfutoci don aikata laifi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linton |first=Caroline |date=2020-10-30 |title=Feds arrest alleged white supremacy group member who claimed to run "hate camp" in Michigan |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322003949/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |archive-date=2025-03-22 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=White supremacists facing charges after allegedly terrorizing family in Dexter |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214111119/https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |archive-date=2025-02-14 |website=WXYZ ABC News}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == An bayyana kwasfan fayiloli a matsayin "marasa jin daɗi" daga Anthony D. Herrera na AV Club, wanda ya ce "abin da ya fi ban mamaki game da ''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci'' shine yadda wasan kwaikwayo ke cikin rayuwar waɗannan masu wariyar launin fata".<ref name="aux._Insi">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Anthony D. |date=2019-11-03 |title=Inside Conan serves up the nuts-and-bolts of comedy for true late-night dorks |url=https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120001653/https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |series=Podmass |quote=What is most surprising about I Don't Speak German is just how much cringe comedy is involved in the lives of these racists.}}</ref> A rubuce-rubuce don The Daily Beast, Nick R. Martin ya ce "yana iya zama mafi mahimmancin kwasfan fayiloli da ke adawa da fararen 'yan kasa a yau".<ref name="thed_This" /> == Duba kuma == * Christopher Cantwell * Podcast na siyasa * Yara Masu Girma * Tom Kawcyznski * Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta gargajiya * Girman fararen fata a Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://idontspeakgerman.libsyn.com/|I Don't Speak German podcast}} hz54etvju8iog050q37zhqfalkzmjqb 970442 970441 2026-10-22T17:58:07Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Manazarta */ 970442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci''''' ne kwasfan fayiloli game da fararen kasa a Amurka, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "wasu fayiloli da ke fuskantar fararen kasa daya a lokaci" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harper |first=Daniel |title=about @danieleharper |url=https://twitter.com/danieleharper |access-date=2020-01-06 |quote=Co-host, 'I Don't Speak German,' a podcast confronting white nationalism one asshole at a time.}}</ref> ta masu masaukin sa Daniel Harper da Jack Graham. == Tarihi == Harper ya fara kwasfan fayiloli bayan ya saurari Fash The Nation, kuma bayan Unite the Right ya faru.<ref name="thed_This">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick R. |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2019-10-20 |title=This Podcaster Dug Into the World of Neo-Nazis. Now They've Put a Target on Him. |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529114017/https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back/ |archive-date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Daily Beast |quote=Daniel Harper is the co-host of what might be the most important podcast countering the white nationalist movement today.It's called I Don't Speak German, and since launching in January it has helped lead people back from the brink of radicalization, drawn plaudits from researchers of violent extremism, and attracted an audience of thousands of regular listeners.}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru a watan Satumbar 2019 sun tattauna ''Siege'', tarin rubuce-rubucen Neo-Nazi na James Nolan Mason, wanda aka yi la'akari da muhimmiyar karatun The Base - ƙungiyar ƙiyayya ta neo-Nazi - da Bowl Patrol, ƙungiyar masu bauta wa Dylann Roof. Kungiyoyin suna bin ka'idarsa ta hanzari, wanda ke ba da shawara ga kisan kiyashi don ƙirƙirar fararen kabilanci. Harper ya kuma tattauna shugaban Bowl Patrol, Andrew Richard Casarez a.k.a. "Vic Mackey", <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title="Vic Mackey" of the "Bowl Patrol" Identified as Andrew Casarez of Orangevale, California |url=https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124102434/https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |archive-date=2025-01-24 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=Anonymous Comrades Collective |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ke da "sha'awar fataucin mutane a cikin fyade da barazanar mutuwa". <ref name="martin1">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2020-01-06 |title=The wrong house |url=https://www.informant.news/p/the-wrong-house |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319102231/https://www.informant.news/the-wrong-house/ |archive-date=2025-03-19 |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=The Informant}}</ref> Casarez, da tsohon dan takarar majalisa na [[Wisconsin]] [[Paul Nehlen]] (wanda Harper ya kira "mutumin mugunta, mummunan"), <ref name="martin1" /> sun yi ƙoƙari su yi Harper, suna samun mutum mai suna a garin Dexter, Michigan. 'Yan kungiyar Bowl Patrol sun fara tuki a wannan gidan da ba shi da alaƙa, suna daukar hotuna da bidiyo na gidan, don aika barazanar Harper. Bayan kwanaki, an kama sojan Amurka kuma memba na Atomwaffen Division Jarrett Smith a Fort Riley, Kansas, yana zargin ya tattauna yin bama-bamai, aika bama-bomb ga [[CNN]] da Beto O'Rourke, da kuma ƙone gidan Harper. <ref name="martin1" /> A ƙarshen Oktoba 2019, an sanya bidiyon a tashar Telegram ta Nehlen, yana nuna alamar Patrol na Bowl da gidan Harper mara kyau. Mazauna daga baya sun sami wata wasika mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi wa Harper, ta sanya hannu kan "Cüm Bomber".<ref name="martin1" /> Mambobin Black-clad na The Base sun ci gaba da ziyartar gidan har zuwa tsakiyar watan Disamba, gami da ɗaukar hotuna na gidan a wannan dare da mazauna suka dawo gida tare da sabon ɗansu. Iyalin sun rubuta wa Harper, suna rokonsa ya musanta adireshin a bainar jama'a. Harper a ƙarshe ya sami damar samun amsa daga FBI da Ofishin Sheriff na Washtenaw County; Ofishin Sherif ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai a matsayin "hotuna da maganganu marasa barazana, " sun nuna cewa ba su haɗa Jarrett Smith da sauran mutanen da ke rufe gidan ba, kuma sun yi la'akari da rufe shari'ar. <ref name="mliv_Whit">{{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=Samuel |date=2019-12-24 |title=White supremacists target Dexter home by mistake |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2019/12/white-supremacists-target-dexter-home-by-mistake.html |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=mlive |quote=The sheriff's office said that neither the Sheas, Harper the podcaster nor the Harpers that moved have received direct threats related to their investigation, and that only non-threatening photographs and statements have been shared in connection with the address.}}</ref><ref name="thes_Dext">{{Cite web |last=Huhman |first=Lonnie |date=2019-12-24 |title=Dexter family wrongly targeted |url=https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121091451/https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |archive-date=2020-01-21 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Sun Times News |quote="Knowing the post office couldn't return it to the sender and thinking hand written likely meant personal and sentimental, I forwarded the letter to the former homeowners," she said. "It turned out to be a threatening letter of a white supremacist nature. At this point, the Harpers who used to lived at our address let us know what the letter was, that they were in touch with the FBI and we learned that the intended target was in fact another Michigander, also named Daniel E. Harper, who has a podcast designed to unveil and antagonize white supremacist organizations. Apparently they are not amused."}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2020, FBI ta kama mambobi biyu na The Base saboda cin zarafin da suka yi a gida shekara guda da ta gabata, kuma an tuhume su da kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar, aika saƙo ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma amfani da kwamfutoci don aikata laifi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linton |first=Caroline |date=2020-10-30 |title=Feds arrest alleged white supremacy group member who claimed to run "hate camp" in Michigan |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322003949/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |archive-date=2025-03-22 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=White supremacists facing charges after allegedly terrorizing family in Dexter |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214111119/https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |archive-date=2025-02-14 |website=WXYZ ABC News}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == An bayyana kwasfan fayiloli a matsayin "marasa jin daɗi" daga Anthony D. Herrera na AV Club, wanda ya ce "abin da ya fi ban mamaki game da ''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci'' shine yadda wasan kwaikwayo ke cikin rayuwar waɗannan masu wariyar launin fata".<ref name="aux._Insi">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Anthony D. |date=2019-11-03 |title=Inside Conan serves up the nuts-and-bolts of comedy for true late-night dorks |url=https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120001653/https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |series=Podmass |quote=What is most surprising about I Don't Speak German is just how much cringe comedy is involved in the lives of these racists.}}</ref> A rubuce-rubuce don The Daily Beast, Nick R. Martin ya ce "yana iya zama mafi mahimmancin kwasfan fayiloli da ke adawa da fararen 'yan kasa a yau".<ref name="thed_This" /> == Duba kuma == * Christopher Cantwell * Podcast na siyasa * Yara Masu Girma * Tom Kawcyznski * Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta gargajiya * Girman fararen fata a Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://idontspeakgerman.libsyn.com/|I Don't Speak German podcast}} 3eqa30ymm03qj78mnf2s3lcmji5thln 970444 970442 2026-10-22T17:58:47Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci''''' ne kwasfan fayiloli game da fararen kasa a Amurka, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "wasu fayiloli da ke fuskantar fararen kasa daya a lokaci" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harper |first=Daniel |title=about @danieleharper |url=https://twitter.com/danieleharper |access-date=2020-01-06 |quote=Co-host, 'I Don't Speak German,' a podcast confronting white nationalism one asshole at a time.}}</ref> ta masu masaukin sa Daniel Harper da Jack Graham. == Tarihi == Harper ya fara kwasfan fayiloli bayan ya saurari Fash The Nation, kuma bayan Unite the Right ya faru.<ref name="thed_This">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick R. |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2019-10-20 |title=This Podcaster Dug Into the World of Neo-Nazis. Now They've Put a Target on Him. |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529114017/https://www.thedailybeast.com/i-dont-speak-german-podcaster-daniel-herman-exposed-neo-nazis-now-he-has-a-target-on-his-back/ |archive-date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Daily Beast |quote=Daniel Harper is the co-host of what might be the most important podcast countering the white nationalist movement today.It's called I Don't Speak German, and since launching in January it has helped lead people back from the brink of radicalization, drawn plaudits from researchers of violent extremism, and attracted an audience of thousands of regular listeners.}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru a watan Satumbar 2019 sun tattauna ''Siege'', tarin rubuce-rubucen Neo-Nazi na James Nolan Mason, wanda aka yi la'akari da muhimmiyar karatun The Base - ƙungiyar ƙiyayya ta neo-Nazi - da Bowl Patrol, ƙungiyar masu bauta wa Dylann Roof. Kungiyoyin suna bin ka'idarsa ta hanzari, wanda ke ba da shawara ga kisan kiyashi don ƙirƙirar fararen kabilanci. Harper ya kuma tattauna shugaban Bowl Patrol, Andrew Richard Casarez a.k.a. "Vic Mackey", <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title="Vic Mackey" of the "Bowl Patrol" Identified as Andrew Casarez of Orangevale, California |url=https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124102434/https://accollective.noblogs.org/post/2020/07/07/vic-mackey-of-the-bowl-patrol-identified-as-andrew-casarez-of-orangevale/ |archive-date=2025-01-24 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=Anonymous Comrades Collective |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ke da "sha'awar fataucin mutane a cikin fyade da barazanar mutuwa". <ref name="martin1">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Nick |author-link=Nick R. Martin |date=2020-01-06 |title=The wrong house |url=https://www.informant.news/p/the-wrong-house |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319102231/https://www.informant.news/the-wrong-house/ |archive-date=2025-03-19 |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=The Informant}}</ref> Casarez, da tsohon dan takarar majalisa na [[Wisconsin]] [[Paul Nehlen]] (wanda Harper ya kira "mutumin mugunta, mummunan"), <ref name="martin1" /> sun yi ƙoƙari su yi Harper, suna samun mutum mai suna a garin Dexter, Michigan. 'Yan kungiyar Bowl Patrol sun fara tuki a wannan gidan da ba shi da alaƙa, suna daukar hotuna da bidiyo na gidan, don aika barazanar Harper. Bayan kwanaki, an kama sojan Amurka kuma memba na Atomwaffen Division Jarrett Smith a Fort Riley, Kansas, yana zargin ya tattauna yin bama-bamai, aika bama-bomb ga [[CNN]] da Beto O'Rourke, da kuma ƙone gidan Harper. <ref name="martin1" /> A ƙarshen Oktoba 2019, an sanya bidiyon a tashar Telegram ta Nehlen, yana nuna alamar Patrol na Bowl da gidan Harper mara kyau. Mazauna daga baya sun sami wata wasika mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi wa Harper, ta sanya hannu kan "Cüm Bomber".<ref name="martin1" /> Mambobin Black-clad na The Base sun ci gaba da ziyartar gidan har zuwa tsakiyar watan Disamba, gami da ɗaukar hotuna na gidan a wannan dare da mazauna suka dawo gida tare da sabon ɗansu. Iyalin sun rubuta wa Harper, suna rokonsa ya musanta adireshin a bainar jama'a. Harper a ƙarshe ya sami damar samun amsa daga FBI da Ofishin Sheriff na Washtenaw County; Ofishin Sherif ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai a matsayin "hotuna da maganganu marasa barazana, " sun nuna cewa ba su haɗa Jarrett Smith da sauran mutanen da ke rufe gidan ba, kuma sun yi la'akari da rufe shari'ar. <ref name="mliv_Whit">{{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=Samuel |date=2019-12-24 |title=White supremacists target Dexter home by mistake |url=https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2019/12/white-supremacists-target-dexter-home-by-mistake.html |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=mlive |quote=The sheriff's office said that neither the Sheas, Harper the podcaster nor the Harpers that moved have received direct threats related to their investigation, and that only non-threatening photographs and statements have been shared in connection with the address.}}</ref><ref name="thes_Dext">{{Cite web |last=Huhman |first=Lonnie |date=2019-12-24 |title=Dexter family wrongly targeted |url=https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121091451/https://thesuntimesnews.com/dexter-family-wrongly-targeted/ |archive-date=2020-01-21 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=The Sun Times News |quote="Knowing the post office couldn't return it to the sender and thinking hand written likely meant personal and sentimental, I forwarded the letter to the former homeowners," she said. "It turned out to be a threatening letter of a white supremacist nature. At this point, the Harpers who used to lived at our address let us know what the letter was, that they were in touch with the FBI and we learned that the intended target was in fact another Michigander, also named Daniel E. Harper, who has a podcast designed to unveil and antagonize white supremacist organizations. Apparently they are not amused."}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2020, FBI ta kama mambobi biyu na The Base saboda cin zarafin da suka yi a gida shekara guda da ta gabata, kuma an tuhume su da kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar, aika saƙo ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma amfani da kwamfutoci don aikata laifi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linton |first=Caroline |date=2020-10-30 |title=Feds arrest alleged white supremacy group member who claimed to run "hate camp" in Michigan |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322003949/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-arrests-justen-watkins-michigan-white-supremacy-group-the-base/ |archive-date=2025-03-22 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=White supremacists facing charges after allegedly terrorizing family in Dexter |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214111119/https://www.wxyz.com/news/white-supremacists-facing-charges-after-allegedly-terrorizing-family-in-dexter |archive-date=2025-02-14 |website=WXYZ ABC News}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == An bayyana kwasfan fayiloli a matsayin "marasa jin daɗi" daga Anthony D. Herrera na AV Club, wanda ya ce "abin da ya fi ban mamaki game da ''Ba na Magana da Jamusanci'' shine yadda wasan kwaikwayo ke cikin rayuwar waɗannan masu wariyar launin fata".<ref name="aux._Insi">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Anthony D. |date=2019-11-03 |title=Inside Conan serves up the nuts-and-bolts of comedy for true late-night dorks |url=https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120001653/https://www.avclub.com/inside-conan-serves-up-the-nuts-and-bolts-of-comedy-for-1833156629 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |series=Podmass |quote=What is most surprising about I Don't Speak German is just how much cringe comedy is involved in the lives of these racists.}}</ref> A rubuce-rubuce don The Daily Beast, Nick R. Martin ya ce "yana iya zama mafi mahimmancin kwasfan fayiloli da ke adawa da fararen 'yan kasa a yau".<ref name="thed_This" /> == Duba kuma == * Christopher Cantwell * Podcast na siyasa * Yara Masu Girma * Tom Kawcyznski * Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta gargajiya * Girman fararen fata a Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://idontspeakgerman.libsyn.com/|I Don't Speak German podcast}} c26nrhdsgszmfcayqov4o2cypzi5acu 0 179781 970445 2026-10-22T18:01:49Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328913622|Elaine Valdov]]" 970445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Elaine Valdov''' ita ce Shugabar kuma ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program Schedule (Preliminary) &#124; SuperFutures Academy |url=http://www.superfutures.org/programs/un/schedule |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420161030/http://www.superfutures.org/programs/un/schedule |archive-date=2009-04-20 |access-date=2009-09-17}} </ref> A matsayin mai fafutukar zaman lafiya da haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙwararren mai warware rikice-rikice, Valdov tana ba da laccoci a duniya kuma an fi saninta da aikinta wajen tallafawa da gina shirye-shiryen a duk duniya, don tallafawa Manufofin Ci Gaban Al'adun Zaman Lafiya da Riki ga Yara na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World (2001 to 2010) |url=http://www.unac.org/peacecp/decade/background.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917190816/http://www.unac.org/peacecp/decade/background.html |archive-date=September 17, 2009 |access-date=September 17, 2009}}</ref> Ta jagoranci rundunonin aiki don karfafa mata da daidaiton jinsi; kuma ta kafa "Yoga Peace Ambassadors" don koyar da zaɓuɓɓukan sabis na jin kai na MDG a cikin Yoga Ashrams a duk duniya. * Shugaban: Kwamitin Zartarwa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke da alaƙa da Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1996-2000 (haɓaka ga jama'a da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji a duk duniya, don inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Majalisar Dinkinobho, Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi marasa agaji wajen magance kalubalen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/51/conf-programme.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/52/conf-programme.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/53/conf-schedule.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref> * Co-Convener: Taron Kasa da Kasa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Seoul: Matsayin kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji a cikin karni na 21. * Sakatare Janar: Taron Likitoci a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (ya mai da hankali kan juyar da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] da [[Bankin Duniya]] ya annabta cutar kansa ta duniya.) * Shugaban: Kwamitin NGO a Jami'ar Zaman Lafiya. * VP, memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: A matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Zattara na DPI, Dokta Valdov, ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Ba Da Shawara na Millennium NGO Forum ga Sakataren Janar na UN a cikin 1997 da 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Millennium NGO Forum "The UN for the 21st Century" |url=http://www.ngo.org/millennium/index.htm |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Ngo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=PPT Slide |url=http://ngo.org/millennium/sld014.htm |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Ngo.org}}</ref> Ta kasance darektan wuraren kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan rauni, tare da mutane daga ƙasashe a duniya. Bayan Satumba 11, Valdov ya kasance darektan dangantakar iyali ta Satumba 11 kuma ya kafa shirye-shirye a Amurka da kasashen waje, yana taimaka wa iyalai su magance bala'o'i, tare da mai da hankali kan taimakawa gwauraye da yara da aka kama a tsakiyar tashin hankali da ta'addanci. Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Lions Club International, Rotary International da <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-15 |title=Friendship Ambassadors Foundation |url=http://www.faf.org/ |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Faf.org}}</ref> (FAF) a cikin kirkirar da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen bayan Satumba-11 na ("Finding New Hope") da ("Universal Hug for Peace"). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * The World Water Organization * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090615065105/http://www.theworldenergyforum.org/index.html Taron Makamashi na Duniya] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 923m42gjig4ncmiiuof0el1m87uqv2p 970446 970445 2026-10-22T18:02:24Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elaine Valdov''' ita ce Shugabar kuma ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program Schedule (Preliminary) &#124; SuperFutures Academy |url=http://www.superfutures.org/programs/un/schedule |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420161030/http://www.superfutures.org/programs/un/schedule |archive-date=2009-04-20 |access-date=2009-09-17}} </ref> A matsayin mai fafutukar zaman lafiya da haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙwararren mai warware rikice-rikice, Valdov tana ba da laccoci a duniya kuma an fi saninta da aikinta wajen tallafawa da gina shirye-shiryen a duk duniya, don tallafawa Manufofin Ci Gaban Al'adun Zaman Lafiya da Riki ga Yara na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World (2001 to 2010) |url=http://www.unac.org/peacecp/decade/background.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917190816/http://www.unac.org/peacecp/decade/background.html |archive-date=September 17, 2009 |access-date=September 17, 2009}}</ref> Ta jagoranci rundunonin aiki don karfafa mata da daidaiton jinsi; kuma ta kafa "Yoga Peace Ambassadors" don koyar da zaɓuɓɓukan sabis na jin kai na MDG a cikin Yoga Ashrams a duk duniya. * Shugaban: Kwamitin Zartarwa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke da alaƙa da Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1996-2000 (haɓaka ga jama'a da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji a duk duniya, don inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Majalisar Dinkinobho, Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi marasa agaji wajen magance kalubalen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/51/conf-programme.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/52/conf-programme.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/53/conf-schedule.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref> * Co-Convener: Taron Kasa da Kasa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Seoul: Matsayin kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji a cikin karni na 21. * Sakatare Janar: Taron Likitoci a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (ya mai da hankali kan juyar da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] da [[Bankin Duniya]] ya annabta cutar kansa ta duniya.) * Shugaban: Kwamitin NGO a Jami'ar Zaman Lafiya. * VP, memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: A matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Zattara na DPI, Dokta Valdov, ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Ba Da Shawara na Millennium NGO Forum ga Sakataren Janar na UN a cikin 1997 da 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Millennium NGO Forum "The UN for the 21st Century" |url=http://www.ngo.org/millennium/index.htm |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Ngo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=PPT Slide |url=http://ngo.org/millennium/sld014.htm |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Ngo.org}}</ref> Ta kasance darektan wuraren kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan rauni, tare da mutane daga ƙasashe a duniya. Bayan Satumba 11, Valdov ya kasance darektan dangantakar iyali ta Satumba 11 kuma ya kafa shirye-shirye a Amurka da kasashen waje, yana taimaka wa iyalai su magance bala'o'i, tare da mai da hankali kan taimakawa gwauraye da yara da aka kama a tsakiyar tashin hankali da ta'addanci. Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Lions Club International, Rotary International da <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-15 |title=Friendship Ambassadors Foundation |url=http://www.faf.org/ |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Faf.org}}</ref> (FAF) a cikin kirkirar da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen bayan Satumba-11 na ("Finding New Hope") da ("Universal Hug for Peace"). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * The World Water Organization * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090615065105/http://www.theworldenergyforum.org/index.html Taron Makamashi na Duniya] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mo296zzne86bgavpm2m51aeh8m8ir6v 970447 970446 2026-10-22T18:03:24Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elaine Valdov''' ita ce Shugabar kuma ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program Schedule (Preliminary) &#124; SuperFutures Academy |url=http://www.superfutures.org/programs/un/schedule |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420161030/http://www.superfutures.org/programs/un/schedule |archive-date=2009-04-20 |access-date=2009-09-17}} </ref> A matsayin mai fafutukar zaman lafiya da haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙwararren mai warware rikice-rikice, Valdov tana ba da laccoci a duniya kuma an fi saninta da aikinta wajen tallafawa da gina shirye-shiryen a duk duniya, don tallafawa Manufofin Ci Gaban Al'adun Zaman Lafiya da Riki ga Yara na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World (2001 to 2010) |url=http://www.unac.org/peacecp/decade/background.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917190816/http://www.unac.org/peacecp/decade/background.html |archive-date=September 17, 2009 |access-date=September 17, 2009}}</ref> Ta jagoranci rundunonin aiki don karfafa mata da daidaiton jinsi; kuma ta kafa "Yoga Peace Ambassadors" don koyar da zaɓuɓɓukan sabis na jin kai na MDG a cikin Yoga Ashrams a duk duniya. * Shugaban: Kwamitin Zartarwa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke da alaƙa da Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1996-2000 (haɓaka ga jama'a da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji a duk duniya, don inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Majalisar Dinkinobho, Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi marasa agaji wajen magance kalubalen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/51/conf-programme.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/52/conf-programme.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organization/DPI |url=https://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/annualconfs/53/conf-schedule.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |website=Un.org}}</ref> * Co-Convener: Taron Kasa da Kasa na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Seoul: Matsayin kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji a cikin karni na 21. * Sakatare Janar: Taron Likitoci a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (ya mai da hankali kan juyar da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] da [[Bankin Duniya]] ya annabta cutar kansa ta duniya.) * Shugaban: Kwamitin NGO a Jami'ar Zaman Lafiya. * VP, memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: A matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Zattara na DPI, Dokta Valdov, ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Ba Da Shawara na Millennium NGO Forum ga Sakataren Janar na UN a cikin 1997 da 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Millennium NGO Forum "The UN for the 21st Century" |url=http://www.ngo.org/millennium/index.htm |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Ngo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=PPT Slide |url=http://ngo.org/millennium/sld014.htm |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Ngo.org}}</ref> Ta kasance darektan wuraren kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan rauni, tare da mutane daga ƙasashe a duniya. Bayan Satumba 11, Valdov ya kasance darektan dangantakar iyali ta Satumba 11 kuma ya kafa shirye-shirye a Amurka da kasashen waje, yana taimaka wa iyalai su magance bala'o'i, tare da mai da hankali kan taimakawa gwauraye da yara da aka kama a tsakiyar tashin hankali da ta'addanci. Ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Lions Club International, Rotary International da <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-15 |title=Friendship Ambassadors Foundation |url=http://www.faf.org/ |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=Faf.org}}</ref> (FAF) a cikin kirkirar da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen bayan Satumba-11 na ("Finding New Hope") da ("Universal Hug for Peace"). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * The World Water Organization * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090615065105/http://www.theworldenergyforum.org/index.html Taron Makamashi na Duniya] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tlh8n438xk85pdp0haz570lbbjn3o3n 0 179782 970448 2026-10-22T18:03:37Z Saad Nuhu 43323 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376362158|FIBA U16 AfroBasket]]" 970448 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''FIBA U16 AfroBasket,''' wanda a baya aka sani da FIBA U-16 African Championship ko FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship, gasa ce ta kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta matasa ta kasa da kasa da shekaru 16 da FIBA Africa ta shirya. Gasar kuma tana aiki ne a matsayin cancanta ga gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta duniya ta FIBA na kasa da shekaru 17, inda manyan kungiyoyi biyu suka cancanci == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Masu masauki ! rowspan="12" width="1%" | ! colspan="3" |Ƙarshe ! rowspan="12" width="1%" | ! colspan="3" |Wasan matsayi na uku |- ! width="15%" |Zakarun Turai ! width="9%" |Sakamakon ! width="15%" |Masu gudu ! width="15%" |Matsayi na uku ! width="9%" |Sakamakon ! width="15%" |Matsayi na huɗu |- |2009 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/3357 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref> ''Bayani''<br /> |{{Flagicon|MOZ}}<br />[[Maputo]] |'''Misira''' |'''84–82''' |Mali |Najeriya |'''65–56''' |Aljeriya |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2011 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/4342 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />[[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] |'''Misira''' |'''117–67''' |Tunisiya |Mali |'''59–57''' |Angola |- |2013 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/5325 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MAD}}<br />[[Antananarivo]] |'''Angola''' |'''75–66''' |Misira |Tunisiya |'''70–49''' |Madagascar |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2015 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/9405 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MLI}}<br />[[Bamako]] |Misira |'''64–63''' |Mali |Aljeriya |'''45–37''' |Angola |- |2017 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/10772 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MRI}}<br />[[Vacoas-Phoenix]] |Mali |'''76–65''' |Misira |Aljeriya |'''57–54''' |Tunisiya |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2019 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208130 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|CPV}}<br />[[Praia|Rairayin bakin teku]] |Misira |'''66–57''' |Mali |Najeriya |'''54–53''' |Guinea |- |2021 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208412 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />[[Kairo|Alkahira]] |Misira |'''63–62''' |Mali |Aljeriya |'''65–50''' |Chadi |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2023 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208716 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|TUN}}<br />[[Monastir, Tunisia|Masallaci]] |Guinea |'''84–76''' |Misira |Mali |'''63–56''' |Angola |- |2025 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 FIBA U16 AfroBasket |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-u16-afrobasket-2025 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|RWA}}<br />[[Kigali]] |Ivory Coast |'''62–49''' |Kamaru |Mali |'''58–51''' |Misira |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2027 ''[[2027 FIBA U16 AfroBasket|Bayani]]''<br /> |TBD{{Flagicon|unknown}}<br /> | |'''-''' | | |'''-''' | |} == Tebur na lambar yabo ==   == Bayani game da shiga == {| class="wikitable sortable sort-under-center" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" !Team !{{Flagicon|MOZ}}<br /><br />[[2009 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship|2009]] !{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br /><br />[[2011 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship|2011]] !{{Flagicon|MAD}}<br /><br />[[2013 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship|2013]] !{{Flagicon|MLI}}<br /><br />[[2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship|2015]] !{{Flagicon|MRI}}<br /><br />[[2017 FIBA U16 African Championship|2017]] !{{Flagicon|CPV}}<br /><br />[[2019 FIBA U16 African Championship|2019]] !{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br /><br />[[2021 FIBA U16 African Championship|2021]] !{{Flagicon|TUN}}<br /><br />[[2023 FIBA U16 African Championship|2023]] !{{Flagicon|RWA}}<br /><br />[[2025 FIBA U16 AfroBasket|2025]] !{{Flagicon|unknown}}<br /><br />[[2027 FIBA U16 AfroBasket|2027]] !Total |- | align="left" | Algeria |4th |5th|| {{zz}} || {{pl3}} || {{pl3}} |10th|| {{pl3}}|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !6 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Angola |6th |4th|| {{pl1}} |4th|| {{zz}} |7th|| {{zz}} |4th |7th|| {{zz}} !7 |- | align="left" | Cameroon |{{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{pl2}} |Q !2 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Cape Verde | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{3bor|8th}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- | align="left" | Central African Republic |7th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Chad | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |4th |7th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} !2 |- | align="left" | Comoros | {{zz}} || {{zz}} |9th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} ||{{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Congo | {{zz}} |7th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- | align="left" | DR Congo | {{zz}} || {{zz}} |5th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Egypt | {{pl1}} || {{pl1|h}} || {{pl2}} || {{pl1}} ||{{pl2}} || {{pl1}} || {{pl1|h}} || {{pl2}} |4th |Q !10 |- | align="left" | Equatorial Guinea | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |10th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Ethiopia | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |11th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- | align="left" | Gabon | {{zz}} || {{zz}} |7th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |7th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !2 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Guinea |9th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |4th|| {{zz}} || {{pl1}} |11th|| {{zz}} !4 |- | align="left" | Ivory Coast | {{zz}} || {{zz}} |8th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} |9th |5th |6th|| {{pl1}} |Q !6 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Liberia | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |10th|| {{zz}} !1 |- | align="left" | Madagascar | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{3bor|4th}} || {{zz}} |5th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !2 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Mali | {{pl2}} || {{pl3}} || {{zz}} || {{pl2|h}} || {{pl1}} || {{pl2}} || {{pl2}} || {{pl3}} || {{pl3}} |Q !9 |- | align="left" | Mauritius | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{3bor|8th}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Morocco | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |6th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |8th |9th|| {{zz}} !3 |- | align="left" | Mozambique | {{3bor|5th}} |6th |6th|| {{zz}} |7th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !4 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Nigeria | {{pl3}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |5th|| {{zz}} ||{{pl3}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !3 |- | align="left" | Rwanda | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |9th |6th |5th|| {{zz}} |5th|| {{3bor|8th}} || {{zz}} !5 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Sierra Leone |{{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |12th|| {{zz}} !1 |- | align="left" | South Africa |8th |8th|| {{zz}} |8th|| {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} !3 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Tunisia | {{zz}} || {{pl2}} || {{pl3}} |7th |4th |6th|| {{zz}} || {{3bor|9th}} |6th|| {{zz}} !7 |- | align="left" | Uganda | {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} || {{zz}} |6th |10th |5th|| {{zz}} !3 |- !Total !9 !8 !9 !11 !8 !10 !7 !10 !12 !# ! |} == Kyautar MVP == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Wanda ya lashe kyautar MVP |- |2009 |[[Ahmed Mostafa (basketball)|Ahmed Mostafa]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2011 |[[Ehab Amin]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2013 |Mohamed Abdelrahman{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2015 |[[Ahmed Khalaf (basketball)|Ahmed Khalaf]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2017 |[[Siriman Kanouté]]{{Flagicon|MLI}} |- |2019 |[[Moamen Abouzeid]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2021 |[[Adam El Halawany]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2023 |[[Nour Gassim Toure]]{{Flagicon|GUI}} |- |2025 |[[Jean-Philippe Oka]]{{Flagicon|CIV}} |} == Rubuce-rubucen gasar cin kofin duniya na U17 == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" !Kungiyar !{{Flagicon|Germany}}<br />[[2010 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2010]] !{{Flagicon|Lithuania}}<br />[[2012 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2012]] !{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}<br />[[2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2014]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2016]] !{{Flagicon|Argentina}}<br />[[2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2018]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2022 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2022]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2024 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2024]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2026 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2026]] !2028{{Flagicon|Greece}}<br /> !Jimillar |- | align="left" | Angola | | |11 | | | | | | !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Kamaru | | | | | | | |16 | !1 |- | align="left" | Misira |11 |12 |13 |16 |16 |10 |12 | | !7 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Guinea | | | | | | |14 | | !1 |- | align="left" | Ivory Coast | | | | | | | |11 | !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Mali | | | |15 |12 |15 | | | !3 |- !Jimillar !1 !1 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 ! |} == Kungiyoyin yara maza goma na FIBA Afirka == ''Sabuntawa tun daga 13 Disamba 2025.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA World Ranking for Boys |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/ranking/boys |access-date=13 December 2025 |publisher=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Matsayi !{{Tooltip|Change|Change in ranking compared to the previous release (December 2024)}} ! width="170px" |Kungiyar !Abubuwa |- |17 |1 | align="left" | Mali |552.2 |- |23 |27 | align="left" | C  |503.6 |- |25 | | align="left" | Misira |494.3 |- |26 |5 | align="left" | Guinea |488.7 |- |27 |7 | align="left" | Kamaru |481.9 |- |34 |3 | align="left" | Angola |383.9 |- |35 |5 | align="left" | Madagascar |382.8 |- |36 |16 | align="left" | Senegal |379 |- |48 | | align="left" | Maroko |307 |- |51 |1 | align="left" | Najeriya |288.9 |} ^C Zakarun Afirka na yanzu na U16 == Dubi kuma == * FIBA AfroBasket * FIBA U18 AfroBasket * FIBA U20 AfroBasket == Bayanan da aka ambata == 9m2a4a70aenpe6febemkzorvsn68l7j 970451 970448 2026-10-22T18:07:10Z Saad Nuhu 43323 970451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FIBA U16 AfroBasket,''' wanda a baya aka sani da FIBA U-16 African Championship ko FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship, gasa ce ta kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta matasa ta kasa da kasa da shekaru 16 da FIBA Africa ta shirya. Gasar kuma tana aiki ne a matsayin cancanta ga gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta duniya ta FIBA na kasa da shekaru 17, inda manyan kungiyoyi biyu suka cancanci == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Masu masauki ! rowspan="12" width="1%" | ! colspan="3" |Ƙarshe ! rowspan="12" width="1%" | ! colspan="3" |Wasan matsayi na uku |- ! width="15%" |Zakarun Turai ! width="9%" |Sakamakon ! width="15%" |Masu gudu ! width="15%" |Matsayi na uku ! width="9%" |Sakamakon ! width="15%" |Matsayi na huɗu |- |2009 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/3357 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref> ''Bayani''<br /> |{{Flagicon|MOZ}}<br />[[Maputo]] |'''Misira''' |'''84–82''' |Mali |Najeriya |'''65–56''' |Aljeriya |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2011 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/4342 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />[[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] |'''Misira''' |'''117–67''' |Tunisiya |Mali |'''59–57''' |Angola |- |2013 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/5325 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MAD}}<br />[[Antananarivo]] |'''Angola''' |'''75–66''' |Misira |Tunisiya |'''70–49''' |Madagascar |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2015 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/9405 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MLI}}<br />[[Bamako]] |Misira |'''64–63''' |Mali |Aljeriya |'''45–37''' |Angola |- |2017 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/10772 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MRI}}<br />[[Vacoas-Phoenix]] |Mali |'''76–65''' |Misira |Aljeriya |'''57–54''' |Tunisiya |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2019 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208130 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|CPV}}<br />[[Praia|Rairayin bakin teku]] |Misira |'''66–57''' |Mali |Najeriya |'''54–53''' |Guinea |- |2021 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208412 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />[[Kairo|Alkahira]] |Misira |'''63–62''' |Mali |Aljeriya |'''65–50''' |Chadi |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2023 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208716 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|TUN}}<br />[[Monastir, Tunisia|Masallaci]] |Guinea |'''84–76''' |Misira |Mali |'''63–56''' |Angola |- |2025 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 FIBA U16 AfroBasket |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-u16-afrobasket-2025 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|RWA}}<br />[[Kigali]] |Ivory Coast |'''62–49''' |Kamaru |Mali |'''58–51''' |Misira |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2027 ''[[2027 FIBA U16 AfroBasket|Bayani]]''<br /> |TBD{{Flagicon|unknown}}<br /> | |'''-''' | | |'''-''' | |} == Kyautar MVP == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Wanda ya lashe kyautar MVP |- |2009 |[[Ahmed Mostafa (basketball)|Ahmed Mostafa]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2011 |[[Ehab Amin]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2013 |Mohamed Abdelrahman{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2015 |[[Ahmed Khalaf (basketball)|Ahmed Khalaf]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2017 |[[Siriman Kanouté]]{{Flagicon|MLI}} |- |2019 |[[Moamen Abouzeid]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2021 |[[Adam El Halawany]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2023 |[[Nour Gassim Toure]]{{Flagicon|GUI}} |- |2025 |[[Jean-Philippe Oka]]{{Flagicon|CIV}} |} == Rubuce-rubucen gasar cin kofin duniya na U17 == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" !Kungiyar !{{Flagicon|Germany}}<br />[[2010 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2010]] !{{Flagicon|Lithuania}}<br />[[2012 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2012]] !{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}<br />[[2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2014]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2016]] !{{Flagicon|Argentina}}<br />[[2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2018]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2022 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2022]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2024 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2024]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2026 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2026]] !2028{{Flagicon|Greece}}<br /> !Jimillar |- | align="left" | Angola | | |11 | | | | | | !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Kamaru | | | | | | | |16 | !1 |- | align="left" | Misira |11 |12 |13 |16 |16 |10 |12 | | !7 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Guinea | | | | | | |14 | | !1 |- | align="left" | Ivory Coast | | | | | | | |11 | !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Mali | | | |15 |12 |15 | | | !3 |- !Jimillar !1 !1 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 ! |} == Kungiyoyin yara maza goma na FIBA Afirka == ''Sabuntawa tun daga 13 Disamba 2025.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA World Ranking for Boys |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/ranking/boys |access-date=13 December 2025 |publisher=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Matsayi !{{Tooltip|Change|Change in ranking compared to the previous release (December 2024)}} ! width="170px" |Kungiyar !Abubuwa |- |17 |1 | align="left" | Mali |552.2 |- |23 |27 | align="left" | C  |503.6 |- |25 | | align="left" | Misira |494.3 |- |26 |5 | align="left" | Guinea |488.7 |- |27 |7 | align="left" | Kamaru |481.9 |- |34 |3 | align="left" | Angola |383.9 |- |35 |5 | align="left" | Madagascar |382.8 |- |36 |16 | align="left" | Senegal |379 |- |48 | | align="left" | Maroko |307 |- |51 |1 | align="left" | Najeriya |288.9 |} ^C Zakarun Afirka na yanzu na U16 == Dubi kuma == * FIBA AfroBasket * FIBA U18 AfroBasket * FIBA U20 AfroBasket == Bayanan da aka ambata == 5lk6cc594y20f64tzq4shuvhc4t0hal 970454 970451 2026-10-22T18:10:28Z Saad Nuhu 43323 970454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FIBA U16 AfroBasket,''' wanda a baya aka sani da FIBA U-16 African Championship ko FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship, gasa ce ta kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta matasa ta kasa da kasa da shekaru 16 da FIBA Africa ta shirya. Gasar kuma tana aiki ne a matsayin cancanta ga gasar cin kofin [[kwallon kwando]] ta duniya ta FIBA na kasa da shekaru 17, inda manyan kungiyoyi biyu suka cancanci == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" width="5%" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Masu masauki ! rowspan="12" width="1%" | ! colspan="3" |Ƙarshe ! rowspan="12" width="1%" | ! colspan="3" |Wasan matsayi na uku |- ! width="15%" |Zakarun Turai ! width="9%" |Sakamakon ! width="15%" |Masu gudu ! width="15%" |Matsayi na uku ! width="9%" |Sakamakon ! width="15%" |Matsayi na huɗu |- |2009 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2009 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/3357 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref> ''Bayani''<br /> |{{Flagicon|MOZ}}<br />[[Maputo]] |'''Misira''' |'''84–82''' |Mali |Najeriya |'''65–56''' |Aljeriya |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2011 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/4342 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />[[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] |'''Misira''' |'''117–67''' |Tunisiya |Mali |'''59–57''' |Angola |- |2013 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/5325 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MAD}}<br />[[Antananarivo]] |'''Angola''' |'''75–66''' |Misira |Tunisiya |'''70–49''' |Madagascar |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2015 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 FIBA Africa Under-16 Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/9405 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MLI}}<br />[[Bamako]] |Misira |'''64–63''' |Mali |Aljeriya |'''45–37''' |Angola |- |2017 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/10772 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|MRI}}<br />[[Vacoas-Phoenix]] |Mali |'''76–65''' |Misira |Aljeriya |'''57–54''' |Tunisiya |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2019 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208130 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|CPV}}<br />[[Praia|Rairayin bakin teku]] |Misira |'''66–57''' |Mali |Najeriya |'''54–53''' |Guinea |- |2021 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208412 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />[[Kairo|Alkahira]] |Misira |'''63–62''' |Mali |Aljeriya |'''65–50''' |Chadi |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2023 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 FIBA U16 African Championship |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/224-fiba-u16-afrobasket/208716 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|TUN}}<br />[[Monastir, Tunisia|Masallaci]] |Guinea |'''84–76''' |Misira |Mali |'''63–56''' |Angola |- |2025 ''Bayani''<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 FIBA U16 AfroBasket |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-u16-afrobasket-2025 |website=www.fiba.basketball}}</ref><br /> |{{Flagicon|RWA}}<br />[[Kigali]] |Ivory Coast |'''62–49''' |Kamaru |Mali |'''58–51''' |Misira |- bgcolor="#D0E7FF" |2027 ''[[2027 FIBA U16 AfroBasket|Bayani]]''<br /> |TBD{{Flagicon|unknown}}<br /> | |'''-''' | | |'''-''' | |} == Kyautar MVP == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Wanda ya lashe kyautar MVP |- |2009 |[[Ahmed Mostafa (basketball)|Ahmed Mostafa]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2011 |[[Ehab Amin]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2013 |Mohamed Abdelrahman{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2015 |[[Ahmed Khalaf (basketball)|Ahmed Khalaf]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2017 |[[Siriman Kanouté]]{{Flagicon|MLI}} |- |2019 |[[Moamen Abouzeid]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2021 |[[Adam El Halawany]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- |2023 |[[Nour Gassim Toure]]{{Flagicon|GUI}} |- |2025 |[[Jean-Philippe Oka]]{{Flagicon|CIV}} |} == Rubuce-rubucen gasar cin kofin duniya na U17 == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" !Kungiyar !{{Flagicon|Germany}}<br />[[2010 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2010]] !{{Flagicon|Lithuania}}<br />[[2012 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2012]] !{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}<br />[[2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2014]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2016 FIBA Under-17 World Championship|2016]] !{{Flagicon|Argentina}}<br />[[2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2018]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2022 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2022]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2024 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2024]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2026 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|2026]] !2028{{Flagicon|Greece}}<br /> !Jimillar |- | align="left" | Angola | | |11 | | | | | | !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Kamaru | | | | | | | |16 | !1 |- | align="left" | Misira |11 |12 |13 |16 |16 |10 |12 | | !7 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Guinea | | | | | | |14 | | !1 |- | align="left" | Ivory Coast | | | | | | | |11 | !1 |- style="background:#D0E6FF;" | align="left" | Mali | | | |15 |12 |15 | | | !3 |- !Jimillar !1 !1 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 ! |} == Kungiyoyin yara maza goma na FIBA Afirka == ''Sabuntawa tun daga 13 Disamba 2025.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA World Ranking for Boys |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/ranking/boys |access-date=13 December 2025 |publisher=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Matsayi !{{Tooltip|Change|Change in ranking compared to the previous release (December 2024)}} ! width="170px" |Kungiyar !Abubuwa |- |17 |1 | align="left" | Mali |552.2 |- |23 |27 | align="left" | C  |503.6 |- |25 | | align="left" | Misira |494.3 |- |26 |5 | align="left" | Guinea |488.7 |- |27 |7 | align="left" | Kamaru |481.9 |- |34 |3 | align="left" | Angola |383.9 |- |35 |5 | align="left" | Madagascar |382.8 |- |36 |16 | align="left" | Senegal |379 |- |48 | | align="left" | Maroko |307 |- |51 |1 | align="left" | Najeriya |288.9 |} ^C Zakarun Afirka na yanzu na U16 == Dubi kuma == * FIBA AfroBasket * FIBA U18 AfroBasket * FIBA U20 AfroBasket == Bayanan da aka ambata == kggplb9mvev2hy432gcx5kfz5od4no9 0 179783 970449 2026-10-22T18:06:34Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380680391|Florentina Bunea]]" 970449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ZhouHuibin_RohdeAngelika_BuneaFlorentina_MFO22546.jpg|thumb|Hagu zuwa dama: Huibin Zhou, Angelika Rohde, da Florentina Bunea sun shirya 2018 MFO Workshop Matrix Estimation Meets Statistical Network Analysis.]] '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Florentina Bunea''' masanin lissafi ne na Romania-Amurka, mai sha'awar ilmantarwa na inji, ka'idar matakai masu mahimmanci, da ƙididdigar girma. {{R|born}}Ita farfesa ce a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . == Ilimi da aiki == Bunea ta sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Bucharest a shekarar 1989 da 1991. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Politehnica ta Bucharest daga 1991 zuwa 1995, ta koma karatun digiri a Jami'an Washington.  {{R|cv}}Ta sami Ph.D. a can a shekara ta 2000; Jon A. Wellner ne ya kula da rubutun ta, A Model Selection Approach to Partially Linear Regression.  {{R|mg}} Ta shiga bangaren kididdiga a Jami'ar Jihar Florida a shekara ta 2000, kuma ta koma Jami'ar Cornell a shekara ta 2011.  {{R|cv|fsu}}{{R|cv|corn}}A Cornell, ta kasance memba ne na ma'aikata a Ma'aikatar Kididdiga da Kimiyya ta Bayanai, memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Kungiyar Ilimin Injin a Cornell Computing da Kimiyya (CIS). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-09 |title=Florentina Bunea |url=https://stat.cornell.edu/people/florentina-bunea |access-date=2019-10-06 |website=Cornell University Department of Statistics and Data Science |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwa == A cikin 2017, an zabi Bunea a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi.  {{R|cv|fims}} == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="born">Birth year from [http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2013079029.html Library of Congress catalog entry], retrieved 2018-12-02.</ref> <ref name="corn">{{citation|url=https://auth.cengr.commonspotcloud.com/research/faculty/new.cfm?s_id=320|title=Florentina Bunea|work=New Faculty|publisher=Cornell University|year=2011|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="cv">{{citation|url=https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314162053/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 14, 2018|title=Curriculum vitae|year=2017|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="fsu">{{citation|url=https://ani.stat.fsu.edu/newsletter/2001a.pdf|title=Dr. Florentina Bunea Joins the Department|magazine=Statistics Newsletter|publisher=Florida State University Department of Statistics|volume=4|date=Fall 2000|page=1}}</ref> <ref name="mg">{{mathgenealogy|id=58926}}</ref> <ref name="fims">{{citation|url=https://www.imstat.org/honored-ims-fellows/|title=Honored Fellows|publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> </references> == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140615215715/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/ Shafin farko] * Florentina Buneawallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] 9hw6q9mypyktp2i57vw7q3va63blu4s 970452 970449 2026-10-22T18:07:26Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ZhouHuibin_RohdeAngelika_BuneaFlorentina_MFO22546.jpg|thumb|Hagu zuwa dama: Huibin Zhou, Angelika Rohde, da Florentina Bunea sun shirya 2018 MFO Workshop Matrix Estimation Meets Statistical Network Analysis.]] '''Florentina Bunea''' masanin lissafi ne na Romania-Amurka, mai sha'awar ilmantarwa na inji, ka'idar matakai masu mahimmanci, da ƙididdigar girma. {{R|born}}Ita farfesa ce a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . == Ilimi da aiki == Bunea ta sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Bucharest a shekarar 1989 da 1991. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Politehnica ta Bucharest daga 1991 zuwa 1995, ta koma karatun digiri a Jami'an Washington.  {{R|cv}}Ta sami Ph.D. a can a shekara ta 2000; Jon A. Wellner ne ya kula da rubutun ta, A Model Selection Approach to Partially Linear Regression.  {{R|mg}} Ta shiga bangaren kididdiga a Jami'ar Jihar Florida a shekara ta 2000, kuma ta koma Jami'ar Cornell a shekara ta 2011.  {{R|cv|fsu}}{{R|cv|corn}}A Cornell, ta kasance memba ne na ma'aikata a Ma'aikatar Kididdiga da Kimiyya ta Bayanai, memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Kungiyar Ilimin Injin a Cornell Computing da Kimiyya (CIS). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-09 |title=Florentina Bunea |url=https://stat.cornell.edu/people/florentina-bunea |access-date=2019-10-06 |website=Cornell University Department of Statistics and Data Science |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwa == A cikin 2017, an zabi Bunea a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi.  {{R|cv|fims}} == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="born">Birth year from [http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2013079029.html Library of Congress catalog entry], retrieved 2018-12-02.</ref> <ref name="corn">{{citation|url=https://auth.cengr.commonspotcloud.com/research/faculty/new.cfm?s_id=320|title=Florentina Bunea|work=New Faculty|publisher=Cornell University|year=2011|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="cv">{{citation|url=https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314162053/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 14, 2018|title=Curriculum vitae|year=2017|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="fsu">{{citation|url=https://ani.stat.fsu.edu/newsletter/2001a.pdf|title=Dr. Florentina Bunea Joins the Department|magazine=Statistics Newsletter|publisher=Florida State University Department of Statistics|volume=4|date=Fall 2000|page=1}}</ref> <ref name="mg">{{mathgenealogy|id=58926}}</ref> <ref name="fims">{{citation|url=https://www.imstat.org/honored-ims-fellows/|title=Honored Fellows|publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> </references> == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140615215715/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/ Shafin farko] * Florentina Buneawallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] qqoyj9rs3hh0mqa77q00xcs61b6bjwp 970453 970452 2026-10-22T18:07:56Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 970453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:ZhouHuibin_RohdeAngelika_BuneaFlorentina_MFO22546.jpg|thumb|Hagu zuwa dama: Huibin Zhou, Angelika Rohde, da Florentina Bunea sun shirya 2018 MFO Workshop Matrix Estimation Meets Statistical Network Analysis.]] '''Florentina Bunea''' masanin lissafi ne na Romania-Amurka, mai sha'awar ilmantarwa na inji, ka'idar matakai masu mahimmanci, da ƙididdigar girma. {{R|born}}Ita farfesa ce a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . == Ilimi da aiki == Bunea ta sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Bucharest a shekarar 1989 da 1991. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Politehnica ta Bucharest daga 1991 zuwa 1995, ta koma karatun digiri a Jami'an Washington.  {{R|cv}}Ta sami Ph.D. a can a shekara ta 2000; Jon A. Wellner ne ya kula da rubutun ta, A Model Selection Approach to Partially Linear Regression.  {{R|mg}} Ta shiga bangaren kididdiga a Jami'ar Jihar Florida a shekara ta 2000, kuma ta koma Jami'ar Cornell a shekara ta 2011.  {{R|cv|fsu}}{{R|cv|corn}}A Cornell, ta kasance memba ne na ma'aikata a Ma'aikatar Kididdiga da Kimiyya ta Bayanai, memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Kungiyar Ilimin Injin a Cornell Computing da Kimiyya (CIS). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-09 |title=Florentina Bunea |url=https://stat.cornell.edu/people/florentina-bunea |access-date=2019-10-06 |website=Cornell University Department of Statistics and Data Science |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwa == A cikin 2017, an zabi Bunea a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi.  {{R|cv|fims}} == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="born">Birth year from [http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2013079029.html Library of Congress catalog entry], retrieved 2018-12-02.</ref> <ref name="corn">{{citation|url=https://auth.cengr.commonspotcloud.com/research/faculty/new.cfm?s_id=320|title=Florentina Bunea|work=New Faculty|publisher=Cornell University|year=2011|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="cv">{{citation|url=https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314162053/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 14, 2018|title=Curriculum vitae|year=2017|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="fsu">{{citation|url=https://ani.stat.fsu.edu/newsletter/2001a.pdf|title=Dr. Florentina Bunea Joins the Department|magazine=Statistics Newsletter|publisher=Florida State University Department of Statistics|volume=4|date=Fall 2000|page=1}}</ref> <ref name="mg">{{mathgenealogy|id=58926}}</ref> <ref name="fims">{{citation|url=https://www.imstat.org/honored-ims-fellows/|title=Honored Fellows|publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> </references> == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140615215715/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/ Shafin farko] * Florentina Buneawallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] qvou3uz7e7ap88ggoeu14mjhhnam8ov 0 179784 970455 2026-10-22T18:16:08Z Ummu Ilham 45024 Sabon shafi: '''Sana'ar fawa a Jihar Gombe''' sana'a ce da ta shafi yanka dabbobi kamar shanu, tumaki da awaki domin samar da nama ga al'umma. Sana'ar fawa tana daga cikin sana'o'in gargajiya da aka daɗe ana yi a tsakanin Hausawa, kuma tana da alaƙa da kiwon dabbobi, kasuwannin dabbobi da cinikin nama. Duk da cewa sana'ar tana da tushe a al'adun Hausawa, ana buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman majiyoyi domin tabbatar da farkon lokacin da ta fara bunƙasa a yankunan Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |... 970455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sana'ar fawa a Jihar Gombe''' sana'a ce da ta shafi yanka dabbobi kamar shanu, tumaki da awaki domin samar da nama ga al'umma. Sana'ar fawa tana daga cikin sana'o'in gargajiya da aka daɗe ana yi a tsakanin Hausawa, kuma tana da alaƙa da kiwon dabbobi, kasuwannin dabbobi da cinikin nama. Duk da cewa sana'ar tana da tushe a al'adun Hausawa, ana buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman majiyoyi domin tabbatar da farkon lokacin da ta fara bunƙasa a yankunan Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colonization of Crafts and Occupations in Northern Nigeria: An Assessment of Wanzanci Craft after Colonialism |url=https://english.amsoshi.com/2024/11/colonization-of-crafts-and-occupations.html |website=Amsoshi |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi da asalin sana'ar == Sana'ar fawa tana daga cikin sana'o'in gargajiya na Hausawa, tare da sana'o'i irin su ƙira, saƙa, tukwane da wanzanci. A tsarin al'ummar gargajiya, sana'o'i da dama suna wucewa daga iyaye zuwa 'ya'yansu, yayin da wasu mutane ke koyon sana'a daga ƙwararrun masu ita. Duk da haka, wannan bayani game da al'adar Hausawa ne gaba ɗaya, ba hujja kai tsaye ba ce cewa duk masu fawa a Gombe sun gaji sana'ar ne daga iyayensu. <ref>{{cite web |title=Colonization of Crafts and Occupations in Northern Nigeria: An Assessment of Wanzanci Craft after Colonialism |url=https://english.amsoshi.com/2024/11/colonization-of-crafts-and-occupations.html |website=Amsoshi |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> A al'adar sana'o'in Hausawa, ana kuma samun muƙamin gargajiya na '''Sarkin Fawa''', wanda yake da alaƙa da jagoranci da tsara harkokin masu sana'ar fawa a wasu al'ummomi. Bincike kan muƙaman sana'o'in gargajiya na Hausawa ya bayyana Sarkin Fawa a matsayin jagora mai alaƙa da da'a, tsarin aiki da zaman lafiya tsakanin masu sana'ar. Sai dai ana buƙatar wata majiya ta musamman domin tabbatar da tsarin muƙamin Sarkin Fawa a garuruwa daban-daban na Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Philosophical Reflections in Hausa Traditional Occupational Chieftaincies: An Analysis of Selected Proverbs |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6801739 |website=SSRN |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> == Yadda ake gudanar da sana'ar == Sana'ar fawa tana haɗa ayyuka da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da samun dabbobi daga masu kiwo ko 'yan kasuwa, duba lafiyar dabbar kafin yanka, yanka ta yadda ya dace da ƙa'idojin da suka shafi addini da lafiya, sarrafa naman, sannan a rarraba shi ga masu saye. A aikace, aikin yana iya haɗa masu kawo dabbobi, mahauta, mataimakansu da masu sayar da nama. Tsarin aiki da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su na iya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Survey of Modern Abattoirs in Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379820336_SURVEY_OF_MODERN_ABATTOIRS_IN_NIGERIA_Survey_of_Modern_Abattoirs_in_Nigeria_A_REPORT_FOR_GEMS1_Dr_Ade_Jolaosho_DVM_MRCVS |website=ResearchGate |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmancin sana'ar fawa == Sana'ar fawa tana taimakawa wajen samar da nama ga gidaje, masu gidajen abinci da sauran masu saye. Haka kuma, tana samar da hanyar samun kuɗin shiga ga mahauta da mutanen da ke cikin harkokin saye da sayar da dabbobi da nama. A yankunan da kiwo da kasuwancin dabbobi suke da muhimmanci, sana'ar tana da alaƙa da sauran sassan tattalin arzikin al'umma. <ref>{{cite web |title=Integrating Crops and Livestock in West Africa |url=https://www.fao.org/4/s8374b/S8374b20.htm |website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> == Tsabta da lafiyar jama'a == Tsabta na da muhimmanci a duk inda ake yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama. Ya kamata a duba lafiyar dabbobi, a yi amfani da ruwa mai tsafta, a tsaftace kayan aiki da wurin yanka, sannan a adana nama yadda zai rage gurɓacewa. Rashin kula da waɗannan matakai na iya jawo haɗarin lafiyar masu aiki da masu cin nama. Bincike kan mahauta da wuraren yanka dabbobi a Najeriya ya tattauna muhimmancin inganta tsafta da bin ƙa'idojin samar da nama. <ref>{{cite web |title=Negotiating cohabitation in a Nigerian abattoir: One Health perspectives of human-animal-ecosystem interactions examined in the light of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42522-025-00161-9 |website=One Health Outlook |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> == Kalubalen sana'ar == Daga cikin abubuwan da za su iya shafar sana'ar fawa akwai tsadar sayen dabbobi, canjin farashin nama, ƙarancin kayan aiki, matsalolin adana nama da kuma buƙatar ƙarin inganta tsaftar wuraren yanka. Sai dai domin bayyana irin waɗannan matsaloli a Gombe dalla-dalla, ana buƙatar bayanan bincike ko rahotannin hukuma da suka shafi mahauta da wuraren yanka dabbobi a jihar kai tsaye. <ref>{{cite web |title=Survey of Modern Abattoirs in Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379820336_SURVEY_OF_MODERN_ABATTOIRS_IN_NIGERIA_Survey_of_Modern_Abattoirs_in_Nigeria_A_REPORT_FOR_GEMS1_Dr_Ade_Jolaosho_DVM_MRCVS |website=ResearchGate |access-date=22 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kiwo a Najeriya]] * [[Kasuwancin dabbobi]] * [[Sana'o'in gargajiya na Hausawa]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t6x6q17jzskjd9x8ejjv7exgdsa5dxt 0 179785 970456 2026-10-22T18:17:31Z Saad Nuhu 43323 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378225587|FIBA Africa]]" 970456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''FIBA Afirka''' yanki ne a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta FIBA wacce ta ƙunshi dukkan ƙungiyoyin FIBA na Afirka 54. An kafa shi a cikin 1961. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenyanstar Sports |url=http://www.kenyanstar.co.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1642:kenyan-basketball-team-trains-for-fiba-africa-zone-5-qualifiers&catid=21:basketball-news&Itemid=32 |access-date=2017-07-18 |website=www.kenyanstar.co.ke |language=en-gb}}</ref> FIBA Afirka tana da ofisoshi a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Abidjan]]. == Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa == [[File:FIBA_Africa_subzones.PNG|right|thumb|Yankunan FIBA Afirka.]] Ƙungiyoyin 54 na FIBA Afirka an haɗa su cikin Yankuna 7: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-zones |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa-sub-zones |publisher=FIBA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-zones Africa |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/Module/c9dad82f-01af-45e0-bb85-ee4cf50235b4/ae6e8065-7122-42ea-a59f-da3957f895ab |publisher=FIBA}}</ref> # Yankin 1: Maghreb - ƙungiyoyin membobin 4 # Yankin 2: Arewa maso [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] - ƙungiyoyin mambobi 8 # Yankin 3: Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma - ƙungiyoyin mambobi 8 # Yankin 4: [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]] - ƙungiyoyin membobin 8 # Yankin 5: [[Gabashin Afirka]] - ƙungiyoyin membobin 11 # Yankin 6: [[Kudancin Afirka]] - ƙungiyoyin membobin 10 # Yankin 7: [[Tekun Indiya]] - ƙungiyoyin membobin 5 == Kwamitin == Bold yana nuna membobin Hukumar Tsakiya ta FIBA. {| class="wikitable" !Shugaban Afirka na FIBA <ref name="board2327">{{Cite web |title=Board of FIBA - Africa |url=https://about.fiba.basketball/en/regions/africa/structure/board |publisher=FIBA}}</ref> |- |'''Anibal Aurelio Manave'''{{Flagicon|MOZ}} |- !Mai ba da kuɗi <ref name="board2327" /> |- |Eskander Adel Tooma{{Flagicon|EGY}} |- !memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa <ref name="board2327" /> |- |Samuel Ahmedu Maïmouna Bah Diallo Omar Barshushi Fodé Amara Condé Hesham El Hariri [[Mathieu Faye]] Boineelo Hardy Abdellatif Hatim Paulo Alexandre Madeira Rodrigues da Silva Pascale Mugwaneza Eric Aimé Niat Louis Abel Ntsay Joy Abooki Olinga Jean Michel Ramaroson Salma Ben Rondhane{{Flagicon|NGR}}<br />{{Flagicon|GUI}}<br />{{Flagicon|LBY}}<br />{{Flagicon|GUI}}<br />{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />{{Flagicon|SEN}}<br />{{Flagicon|BOT}}<br />{{Flagicon|MAR}}<br />{{Flagicon|ANG}}<br />{{Flagicon|RWA}}<br />{{Flagicon|CMR}}<br />{{Flagicon|MAD}}<br />{{Flagicon|UGA}}<br />{{Flagicon|MAD}}<br />{{Flagicon|TUN}} |- !Babban Darakta na FIBA na Afirka <ref name="board2327" /> |- |Alphonse Bilé{{Flagicon|CIV}} |} == Mambobin == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !Country !Rank <br /><br /> (Aug 2016) !Association ! class="unsortable" |National teams !FIBA<br /><br />affiliation |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 1 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ALG}} [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/233/nfProf.html 068]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Algérienne de Basket-Ball – FABB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><div class="hlist "> * {{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} ** {{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} ** {{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} * {{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} ** {{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} ** {{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} </div>{{Nowrap|{{flatlist}}{{nbt links|Algeria}}{{endflatlist}}}} |1963 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|LBA}} [[Libya]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/319/nfProf.html 079]  | style="text-align:left" |Libyan Arab Basketball Federation – LBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Libya}}{{endflatlist}} |1961 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Moroko|Morocco]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/331/nfProf.html 060]  | style="text-align:left" |[[Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Morocco|Moroccan Royal Basketball Federation]] – [https://www.frmbb.ma/ FRMBB] |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Morocco}}{{endflatlist}} |1936 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/375/nfProf.html 021]  | style="text-align:left" |[[Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Tunisiya|Fédération Tunnisienne de Basket-Ball]] – [https://web.archive.org/web/20160201155012/http://www.ftbb.org.tn/// FTBB] |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Tunisia}}{{endflatlist}} |1956 |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 2 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CPV}} [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2603/nfProf.html 063]  | style="text-align:left" |Federação Cabo-Verdiana de Basquetebol – FCBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Cape Verde}}{{endflatlist}} |1988 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|GAM}} [[Gambiya|Gambia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/285/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Gambia Basketball Association – GBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Gambia}}{{endflatlist}} |1972 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|GBS}} [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2525/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Federação de Basquetebol da Guiné-Bissau – FBGB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Guinea-Bissau}}{{endflatlist}} |1994 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|GUI}} [[Gini|Guinea]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/672/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Guinéenne de Basket-Ball – FEGUIBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Guinea}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MLI}} [[Mali]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/324/nfProf.html 057]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Malienne de Basket-Ball – FMBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Mali}}{{endflatlist}} |1961 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MTN}} [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/326/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération de Basketball de la Rép Islamique de Mauritanie – FBBRIM |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Mauritania}}{{endflatlist}} |1964 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SEN}} [[Senegal]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231119011634/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/358/nfProf.html 031] | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Sénégalaise de Basket-Ball – FSBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Senegal}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SLE}} [[Saliyo|Sierra Leone]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2166/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Sierra Leone National Basketball Federation – SLNBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Sierra Leone}}{{endflatlist}} |1991 |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 3 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|BEN}} [[Benin]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/247/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Béninoise de Basket-Ball – FBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Benin}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|BUR}} [[Burkina Faso]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/254/nfProf.html 091]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Burkinabè de Basketball – FEBBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Burkina Faso}}{{endflatlist}} |1964 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CIV}} [[Ivory Coast]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/267/nfProf.html 040]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Ivoirienne de Basket-Ball – FIBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Ivory Coast}}{{endflatlist}} |1961 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Ghana]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/289/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Ghana Basketball Association – GBBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Ghana}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|LBR}} [[Laberiya|Liberia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/318/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Liberia Basketball Federation – LBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Liberia}}{{endflatlist}} |1964 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|NIG}} [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/339/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Nigérienne de Basket-Ball – FENIBASKET |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Niger}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|NGR}} [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231004215328/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/340/nfProf.html 016] | style="text-align:left" |[[Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Najeriya|Nigeria Basketball Federation]] – NBBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Nigeria}}{{endflatlist}} |1964 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|TOG}} [[Togo]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/373/nfProf.html 091]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Nationale de Basketball Togo – FTBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Togo}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 4 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CMR}} [[Kamaru|Cameroon]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/256/nfProf.html 052]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Camerounaise de Basketball – FECABASKET |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Cameroon}}{{endflatlist}} |1965 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CAF}} [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Central African Republic]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20230918114606/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/259/nfProf.html 057] | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Centrafricaine de Basket-Ball – FCBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Central African Republic}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CHA}} [[Cadi|Chad]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/260/nfProf.html 089]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Tchadienne de Basket-Ball – FTBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Chad}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|CGO}} [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Congo]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20230918114609/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/264/nfProf.html 079] | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Congolaise de Basket-Ball – FECOKET |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Congo}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|COD}} [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/391/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération de Basket-Ball du Congo – FEBACO |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|DR Congo}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|EQG}} [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2826/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Federación Guineana de Básquetbol – FEGUIBASKET |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Equatorial Guinea}}{{endflatlist}} |1994 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|GAB}} [[Gabon]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/284/nfProf.html 076]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Gabonaise de Basket-Ball – FEGABAB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Gabon}}{{endflatlist}} |1965 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|STP}} [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé and Príncipe]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2615/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Federação Santomense de Basquetebol - FSB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|São Tomé and Príncipe}}{{endflatlist}} |1983 |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 5 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|BDI}} [[Burundi]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2747/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération de Basket-Ball du Burundi – FEBABU |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Burundi}}{{endflatlist}} |1994 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|EGY}} [[Misra|Egypt]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231201222659/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/276/nfProf.html 041] | style="text-align:left" |Egyptian Basketball Federation – [https://egypt.basketball/ EBBFED] |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Egypt}}{{endflatlist}} |1934 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ERI}} [[Eritrea]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/4443/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Eritrean National Basketball Federation – ENBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Eritrea}}{{endflatlist}} |1997 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ETH}} [[Itofiya|Ethiopia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/279/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Ethiopian Basketball Federation – EBBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Ethiopia}}{{endflatlist}} |1949 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|KEN}} [[Kenya]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/312/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Kenya Basketball Federation – KBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Kenya}}{{endflatlist}} |1965 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|RWA}} [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/352/nfProf.html 064]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Rwandaise de Basketball Amateur – FERWABA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Rwanda}}{{endflatlist}} |1977 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SOM}} [[Somaliya|Somalia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/361/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Somali Basketball Federation – SBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Somalia}}{{endflatlist}} |1960 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SUD}} [[Sudan]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/365/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Sudan Basketball Association – SBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Sudan}}{{endflatlist}} |1953 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SSD}} [[Sudan ta Kudu|South Sudan]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/98334/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |South Sudan Basketball Federation – SSBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|South Sudan}}{{endflatlist}} |2013 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|TAN}} [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/371/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Tanzania Basketball Federation – TBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Tanzania}}{{endflatlist}} |1968 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/1430/nfProf.html 089]  | style="text-align:left" |Federation of Uganda Basketball Association – FUBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Uganda}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 6 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ANG}} [[Angola]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/235/nfProf.html 023]  | style="text-align:left" |Federação Angolana de Basquetebol – [http://www.fab.ao/web/ FAB] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200217190352/http://www.fab.ao/web/ (Archive)] |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Angola}}{{endflatlist}} |1979 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|BOT}} [[Botswana]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/4213/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Botswana Basketball Association – BBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Botswana}}{{endflatlist}} |1997 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SWZ}} [[Eswatini]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/5860/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Eswatini National Basketball Association – ENBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Eswatini}}{{endflatlist}} |2000 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|LES}} [[Lesotho]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/4212/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Lesotho Basketball Association – LBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Lesotho}}{{endflatlist}} |1997 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MAW}} [[Malawi]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/1147/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Basket Association of Malawi – BASMAL |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Malawi}}{{endflatlist}} |1988 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MOZ}} [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/332/nfProf.html 061]  | style="text-align:left" |Federação Moçambicana de Basquetebol – FMB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Mozambique}}{{endflatlist}} |1978 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|NAM}} [[Namibiya|Namibia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2932/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Namibian Basketball Federation – NBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Namibia}}{{endflatlist}} |1995 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/2610/nfProf.html 077]  | style="text-align:left" |Basketball South Africa – [https://basketballsa.co.za/ BSA] |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|South Africa}}{{endflatlist}} |1992 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ZAM}} [[Zambiya|Zambia]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/392/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Zambia Basketball Association – ZBA |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Zambia}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|ZIM}} [[Zimbabwe]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/393/nfProf.html 091]  | style="text-align:left" |Basketball Union of Zimbabwe – BUZ |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Zimbabwe}}{{endflatlist}} |1962 |- ! colspan="5" |Zone 7 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|COM}} [[Komoros|Comoros]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/3014/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Comorienne de Basket-Ball – FCBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Comoros}}{{endflatlist}} |1995 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|DJI}} [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/272/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Djiboutienne de Basket-Ball – FDBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Djibouti}}{{endflatlist}} |1979 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MAD}} [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20230918120424/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/322/nfProf.html 082] | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Malagasy de Basket-Ball – FMBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Madagascar}}{{endflatlist}} |1963 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|MRI}} [[Moris|Mauritius]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/327/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Fédération Mauricienne de Basket-Ball – FMBB |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Mauritius}}{{endflatlist}} |1959 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flagicon|SEY}} [[Seychelles]] |[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/359/nfProf.html –]  | style="text-align:left" |Seychelles Basketball Federation – SBF |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Flatlist}}{{nbt links|Seychelles}}{{endflatlist}} |1979 |- |} == Matsayi na Duniya na FIBA == === Bayani na gaba ɗaya ===   ==== Kungiyar Shekara ==== <templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css" /> == Gasar FIBA ta Afirka == === Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa === * AfroBasket * Mata na AfroBasket * [[FIBA Africa Nations League|FIBA Ƙungiyar Al'ummai ta Afirka]] * AfroCan * Gasar zakarun matasa ** FIBA U18 AfroBasket ** FIBA U18 AfroBasket na Mata ** FIBA U16 AfroBasket ** FIBA U16 AfroBasket na Mata * Gasar 3x3 ** FIBA 3x3 Kofin Afirka ** FIBA 3x3 U17 Kofin Afirka === Kungiyoyi === * Kungiyar Kwando ta Afirka * Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta Afirka * Gasar da ta gabata ** ''FIBA Afirka Kwallon Kwando League'' ** ''Kofin Kwallon Kwando na Afirka'' == Medals == Sabuntawa ta ƙarshe: 1 ga Afrilu 2024 === Abubuwan da suka faru a kasa === Cika Kwando a Wasannin Afirka, AfroCan da FIBA Afirka Nations League. # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Maza ta Afirka (1962-2021) - 30 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta Afirka (1966-2023) - 26 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Afirka U18 (1977-2022) - 21 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta Afirka U18 (1985-2022) - 16 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Afirka U16 (2009-2023) - 8 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta Afirka U16 (2009-2023) - 8 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Afirka 3x3 (2017-2023) - 5 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Afirka 3x3 (2017-2023) - 5 Editions # Maza na Afirka U17 3x3 Gasar Kwando ta Kwando (2019-2023) - 3 Editions # Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Afirka U17 3x3 (2019-2023) - 3 Editions === Abubuwan da suka faru a kulob din === An cire Kofin Kwallon Kwando na Afirka. # FIBA Afirka Kwallon Kwando League (1972-2019) + Kwallon Kwallon Kwannin Afirka League (2021-2023) - 35 Editions # FIBA Afirka Kwallon Kwando na Mata (1985-2023) - 27 Editions == Zakarun yanzu == === Al'ummai === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Gasar !An gudanar da shi na ƙarshe !Gasar !Taken !Wanda ya zo na biyu !Buga na gaba |- |FIBA AfroBasket Men's |2025 | Angola |Na 12 | Mali |[[FIBA AfroBasket 2029|2029]] |- |FIBA AfroCan |2023 | Maroko |Na farko | Ivory Coast |TBD |- |FIBA AfroBasket Mata |2025 | Najeriya |Na 7 | Mali |[[2027 Women's Afrobasket|2027]] |- |FIBA Afirka U-18 Maza |2026 | Ivory Coast |Na farko | Senegal |[[2028 FIBA U18 AfroBasket|2028]] |- |FIBA Afirka U-18 Mata |2026 | Mali |Na 10 | Najeriya |[[2028 FIBA U18 Women's AfroBasket|2028]] |- |FIBA Afirka U-16 maza |2025 | Ivory Coast |Na farko | Kamaru |[[2027 FIBA U16 AfroBasket|2027]] |- |FIBA Afirka U-16 Mata |2025 | Misira |Na farko | Ivory Coast |[[2027 FIBA U16 Women's AfroBasket|2027]] |} === 3×3 Kofin Afirka === {| class="wikitable" !Gasar !An gudanar da shi na ƙarshe !Gasar !Taken !Wanda ya zo na biyu !Buga na gaba |- |Maza |2025 | Madagascar |Na uku | Misira |[[2026 FIBA 3x3 Africa Cup#Men's tournament|2026]] |- |Mata |2025 | Madagascar |Na biyu | Misira |[[2026 FIBA 3x3 Africa Cup#Men's tournament|2026]] |- |} === Kungiyoyi === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Gasar (kungiyoyi) !An gudanar da shi na ƙarshe !Gasar !Taken !Wanda ya zo na biyu !Buga na gaba |- |Kungiyar Kwando ta Afirka |2026 |[[RSSB Tigers]]{{Flagicon|RWA}} |Na farko |[[Petro de Luanda (basketball)|Petro na Luanda]]{{Flagicon|ANG}} |2027 |- |Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta Afirka |2025 |[[Al Ahly Women's Basketball|Al Ahly]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} |Na farko |[[Ferroviário de Maputo (women's basketball)|Jirgin ƙasa na Maputo]]{{Flagicon|MOZ}} |2026 |} == Rubuce-rubucen wasannin Olympics na bazara == === Maza === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Al'umma !{{Flagicon|GER|Nazi}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936]] !{{Flagicon|UK}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]] !{{Flagicon|FIN}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics|1952]] !{{Flagicon|MEX}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1968 Summer Olympics|1968]] !{{Flagicon|FRG}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1972 Summer Olympics|1972]] ![[Basketball at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976]]{{Flagicon|CAN}}<br /> !{{Flagicon|URS|1955}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]] !{{Flagicon|USA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] !{{Flagicon|KOR}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] !{{Flagicon|ESP}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992]] !{{Flagicon|USA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996]] !{{Flagicon|AUS}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2000]] !{{Flagicon|GRE}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2004]] !{{Flagicon|CHN}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008]] !{{Flagicon|UK}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2012]] !{{Flagicon|BRA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2016]] !{{Flagicon|JPN}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2020]] !{{Flagicon|FRA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2024]] !{{Flagicon|USA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2028 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2028]] !Jimillar |- | align="left" | Angola | | | | | | | | | |10 |11 |12 |12 |12 | | | | | !5 |- | align="left" | Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya | | | | | | | | |10 | | | | | | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Misira |15-18 |19 |9-16 | |16 |12 | |12 |12 | | | | | | | | | | !7 |- | align="left" | Maroko | | | |16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Najeriya | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |10 |11 |10 | | !3 |- | align="left" | Senegal | | | |15 |15 | |11 | | | | | | | | | | | | !3 |- | align="left" | Sudan ta Kudu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |9 | !1 |- | align="left" | Tunisiya | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |11 | | | | !1 |- ! align="left" |Jimillar !1 !1 !1 !2 !2 !1 !1 !1 !2 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !2 !1 !1 !1 ! !22 |} === Mata === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Al'umma !{{Flagicon|USA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996]] !{{Flagicon|AUS}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000]] !{{Flagicon|GRE}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2004]] !{{Flagicon|CHN}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2008]] !{{Flagicon|UK}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2012]] !{{Flagicon|BRA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2016]] !{{Flagicon|JPN}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2020]] !{{Flagicon|FRA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2024]] !{{Flagicon|USA}}<br />[[Basketball at the 2028 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|2028]] !Jimillar |- | align="left" | Angola | | | | |12 | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Mali | | | |12 | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Najeriya | | |11 | | | |11 |8 | !3 |- | align="left" | Senegal | |12 | | | |12 | | | !2 |- | align="left" | Zaire |12 | | | | | | | | !1 |- ! align="left" |Jimillar !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 ! !8 |} == Rubuce-rubucen Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya == === Maza === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- bgcolor="" !Kungiyar !{{Flagicon|Argentina}}<br />[[1950 FIBA World Championship|1950]] !{{Flagicon|Chile}}<br />[[1959 FIBA World Championship|1959]] !{{Flagicon|Yugoslavia}}<br />[[1970 FIBA World Championship|1970]] !{{Flagicon|Puerto Rico}}<br />[[1974 FIBA World Championship|1974]] !{{Flagicon|Philippines}}<br />[[1978 FIBA World Championship|1978]] !{{Flagicon|Colombia}}<br />[[1982 FIBA World Championship|1982]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[1986 FIBA World Championship|1986]] !{{Flagicon|Argentina}}<br />[[1990 FIBA World Championship|1990]] !{{Flagicon|Canada}}<br />[[1994 FIBA World Championship|1994]] !{{Flagicon|Greece}}<br />[[1998 FIBA World Championship|1998]] !{{Flagicon|United States}}<br />[[2002 FIBA World Championship|2002]] !{{Flagicon|Japan}}<br />[[2006 FIBA World Championship|2006]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2010 FIBA World Championship|2010]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2014 FIBA World Championship|2014]] !{{Flagicon|China}}<br />[[2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup|2019]] !{{Flagicon|Philippines}}<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}}<br />{{Flagicon|Indonesia}}<br />[[2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup|2023]] !{{Flagicon|Qatar}}<br />[[2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup|2027]] !Jimillar |- | align="left" | Aljeriya | | | | | | | | | | |15 | | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Angola | | | | | | |20 |13 |16 | |11 |10 |15 |17 |27 |26 | !9 |- | align="left" | Cape Verde | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |28 | !1 |- | align="left" | Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya | | | |14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Misira |5 |11 |13 | | | | |16 |14 | | | | |24 | |20 | !7 |- | align="left" | Ivory Coast | | | | | |13 |23 | | | | | |20 | |29 |27 | !5 |- | align="left" | Najeriya | | | | | | | | | |13 | |14 | | |17 | | !3 |- | align="left" | Senegal | | | | |14 | | | | |15 | |22 | |16 |30 | | !5 |- | align="left" | Sudan ta Kudu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |17 | !1 |- | align="left" | Tunisiya | | | | | | | | | | | | |24 | |20 | | !2 |- ! align="left" |Jimillar !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !1 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !3 !3 !3 !5 !5 ! !35 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- bgcolor="" !'''Kungiyar''' !{{Flagicon|Brazil}}<br />[[1971 FIBA World Championship for Women|1971]] !{{Flagicon|Colombia}}<br />[[1975 FIBA World Championship for Women|1975]] !{{Flagicon|South Korea}}<br />[[1979 FIBA World Championship for Women|1979]] !{{Flagicon|Brazil}}<br />[[1983 FIBA World Championship for Women|1983]] !{{Flagicon|Malaysia}}<br />[[1990 FIBA World Championship for Women|1990]] !{{Flagicon|Australia}}<br />[[1994 FIBA World Championship for Women|1994]] !{{Flagicon|Germany}}<br />[[1998 FIBA World Championship for Women|1998]] !{{Flagicon|China}}<br />[[2002 FIBA World Championship for Women|2002]] !{{Flagicon|Brazil}}<br />[[2006 FIBA World Championship for Women|2006]] !{{Flagicon|Czech Republic}}<br />[[2010 FIBA World Championship for Women|2010]] !{{Flagicon|Turkey}}<br />[[2014 FIBA World Championship for Women|2014]] !{{Flagicon|Spain}}<br />[[2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup|2018]] !{{Flagicon|Australia}}<br />[[2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup|2022]] !{{Flagicon|Germany}}<br />[[Kofin Ƙwallon Kwando na FIBA 2026 na Mata na Duniya|2026]] !'''Jimillar''' |- | align="left" | Angola | | | | | | | | | | |16 | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Kenya | | | | | |16 | | | | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Madagascar |13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Mali | | | | | | | | | |15 | | |11 | !2 |- | align="left" | Mozambique | | | | | | | | | | |15 | | | !1 |- | align="left" | Najeriya | | | | | | | | |16 | | |8 | | !2 |- | align="left" | Senegal | |13 |12 | |14 | |14 |15 |15 |16 | |12 | | !8 |- | align="left" | DR Congo | | | |14 |15 | |16 | | | | | | | !3 |- | align="left" | Tunisiya | | | | | | | |16 | | | | | | !1 |- ! align="left" |Jimillar !1 !1 !1 !1 !2 !1 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !2 !1 ! !20 |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Wasanni a Afirka]] * Kwallon kwando a Afirka == Bayanan da aka ambata == 8tudgeof42kesrfega50pewmnw8v49o 0 179786 970457 2026-10-22T19:18:53Z Jidda3711 14843 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349768248|Shehu Saleh Rijau]]" 970457 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Shehu Saleh Rijau''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Shi ɗan majalisar tarayya ne mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Magama (Nijeriya)|Magama]]/[[Rijau]] ta [[Neja|jihar Neja]], Kuma yana wa'adin sa na uku a majalisar. An zaɓe shi ne a ƙarƙashin [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a [[Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 10|Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta 10.]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fzrdd1dkqutzgjkckc2335167ww6xj2 970458 970457 2026-10-22T19:23:37Z Jidda3711 14843 Saka databox 970458 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Databox}} '''Shehu Saleh Rijau''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Shi ɗan majalisar tarayya ne mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Magama (Nijeriya)|Magama]]/[[Rijau]] ta [[Neja|jihar Neja]], Kuma yana wa'adin sa na uku a majalisar. An zaɓe shi ne a ƙarƙashin [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a [[Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 10|Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta 10.]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] onez4qaahc8tvynjesp90eqe1xreng0 970459 970458 2026-10-22T19:31:59Z Jidda3711 14843 Saka Manazarta 970459 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Databox}} '''Shehu Saleh Rijau''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Shi ɗan majalisar tarayya ne mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Magama (Nijeriya)|Magama]]/[[Rijau]] ta [[Neja|jihar Neja]], Kuma yana wa'adin sa na uku a majalisar. An zaɓe shi ne a ƙarƙashin [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a [[Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 10|Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta 10.]]<ref>Dennis, Priscilla (2023-09-01). https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/01/national-assembly-tribunal-upholds-elections-of-shehu-sale-mahmud-abdullahi-in-niger/. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Post_(Nigeria). Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-01-27.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ek76pk2gfvrgzwgjicva3jvo3xt1ibn 970460 970459 2026-10-22T19:35:04Z Jidda3711 14843 Saka Manazarta 970460 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Databox}} '''Shehu Saleh Rijau''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. Shi ɗan majalisar tarayya ne mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Magama (Nijeriya)|Magama]]/[[Rijau]] ta [[Neja|jihar Neja]], Kuma yana wa'adin sa na uku a majalisar. An zaɓe shi ne a ƙarƙashin [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a [[Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 10|Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa ta 10.]]<ref>Dennis, Priscilla (2023-09-01). https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/01/national-assembly-tribunal-upholds-elections-of-shehu-sale-mahmud-abdullahi-in-niger/. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Post_(Nigeria). Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-01-27.</ref><ref>https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/02/07/apga-candidate-shehu-saleh-wins-seat-in-niger-first-outside-of-south-east/. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.M._News. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-01-27.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] msyyg2gndo9zasuycbckswex0jw1tvd 0 179787 970465 2026-10-22T19:53:37Z Jidda3711 14843 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374622074|Ambam, Nigeria]]" 970465 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="category" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ambam, Najeriya</div> |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> Ƙauye </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |} '''Ambam, Najeriya''' wata al'umma ce ta ƙauye da ke cikin gundumar Tsonje/Sonje, a ƙaramar hukumar Jama'a, a [[Kudancin Kaduna|kudancin]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] wacce ke yankin tsakiyar Najeriya ([[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]]). Lambar gidan waya ta wannan ƙauyen ita ce: 801144 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Sonje, Jama'a, Kaduna: 801144 {{!}} Nigeria Postcode ✉️ |url=https://nga.postcodebase.com/node/24814 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=nga.postcodebase.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Kaduna, Nigeria - Population and Demographics - CityFacts |url=https://www.city-facts.com/ambam-kaduna/population |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.city-facts.com |language=en}}</ref> Ambam, wani ƙauye ne da ke cikin wannan jiha, wanda aka bayyana cewa yana da yawan jama'a 174,152 kuma yana da tsayin mita 782 daga matakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Result Ambam |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Ambam&state= |access-date=September 8, 2025 |website=Nigeria Postcode}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-07 |access-date=September 8, 2025 |publisher=NIPOST}}</ref> Mutanen da ke cikin wannan matsuguni ƙabilar Kaninkong ne, mutanen Kaninkon, waɗanda kuma aka ,sani da Nikyob, ƙabila ce ta asali a yankin Ambam, asalinta yana da alaƙa da al'adun baki na ƙaura daga Katsina (watakila Katsina-alla) a Jihar Benue. Tarihinsu ya ƙunshi rikice-rikicen ƙabilu, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan ƙabilu guda biyu, Turan da Ngbechio, waɗanda suka zauna a inda suke a yanzu. A tarihi, sun kasance masu bautar gumaka ne waɗanda tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne da noma kuma waɗanda al'adun [[Nok]] na da suka yi tasiri a kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASPECTS OF NEGATION IN KANINKON {{!}} ProjectClue |url=https://www.projectclue.com/nigerian-african-languages/project-topics-materials-for-undergraduate-students/aspects-of-negation-in-kaninkon#:~:text=According%20to%20oral%20history,%20the,till%20date%20remains%20their%20home. |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.projectclue.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> pb29kc46fith3pihovfxy64yymbb9t7 970468 970465 2026-10-22T19:54:49Z Jidda3711 14843 Saka databox 970468 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="category" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ambam, Najeriya</div> |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> Ƙauye </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |} {{Databox}} '''Ambam, Najeriya''' wata al'umma ce ta ƙauye da ke cikin gundumar Tsonje/Sonje, a ƙaramar hukumar Jama'a, a [[Kudancin Kaduna|kudancin]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] wacce ke yankin tsakiyar Najeriya ([[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]]). Lambar gidan waya ta wannan ƙauyen ita ce: 801144 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Sonje, Jama'a, Kaduna: 801144 {{!}} Nigeria Postcode ✉️ |url=https://nga.postcodebase.com/node/24814 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=nga.postcodebase.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Kaduna, Nigeria - Population and Demographics - CityFacts |url=https://www.city-facts.com/ambam-kaduna/population |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.city-facts.com |language=en}}</ref> Ambam, wani ƙauye ne da ke cikin wannan jiha, wanda aka bayyana cewa yana da yawan jama'a 174,152 kuma yana da tsayin mita 782 daga matakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Result Ambam |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Ambam&state= |access-date=September 8, 2025 |website=Nigeria Postcode}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-07 |access-date=September 8, 2025 |publisher=NIPOST}}</ref> Mutanen da ke cikin wannan matsuguni ƙabilar Kaninkong ne, mutanen Kaninkon, waɗanda kuma aka ,sani da Nikyob, ƙabila ce ta asali a yankin Ambam, asalinta yana da alaƙa da al'adun baki na ƙaura daga Katsina (watakila Katsina-alla) a Jihar Benue. Tarihinsu ya ƙunshi rikice-rikicen ƙabilu, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan ƙabilu guda biyu, Turan da Ngbechio, waɗanda suka zauna a inda suke a yanzu. A tarihi, sun kasance masu bautar gumaka ne waɗanda tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne da noma kuma waɗanda al'adun [[Nok]] na da suka yi tasiri a kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASPECTS OF NEGATION IN KANINKON {{!}} ProjectClue |url=https://www.projectclue.com/nigerian-african-languages/project-topics-materials-for-undergraduate-students/aspects-of-negation-in-kaninkon#:~:text=According%20to%20oral%20history,%20the,till%20date%20remains%20their%20home. |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.projectclue.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> cubpyi5gqaicfxvy5o3h4bp48t6g0ew 970476 970468 2026-10-22T20:13:14Z Jidda3711 14843 970476 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="category" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ambam, Najeriya</div> |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> Ƙauye </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |} {{Databox}} '''Ambam, Najeriya''' wata al'umma ce ta ƙauye da ke cikin gundumar Tsonje/Sonje, a ƙaramar hukumar Jama'a, a [[Kudancin Kaduna|kudancin]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] wacce ke yankin tsakiyar Najeriya ([[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]]). Lambar gidan waya ta wannan ƙauyen ita ce: 801144 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Sonje, Jama'a, Kaduna: 801144 {{!}} Nigeria Postcode ✉️ |url=https://nga.postcodebase.com/node/24814 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=nga.postcodebase.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Kaduna, Nigeria - Population and Demographics - CityFacts |url=https://www.city-facts.com/ambam-kaduna/population |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.city-facts.com |language=en}}</ref> Ambam, wani ƙauye ne da ke cikin wannan jiha, wanda aka bayyana cewa yana da yawan jama'a 174,152 kuma yana da tsayin mita 782 daga matakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Result Ambam |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Ambam&state= |access-date=September 8, 2025 |website=Nigeria Postcode}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-07 |access-date=September 8, 2025 |publisher=NIPOST}}</ref> Mutanen da ke cikin wannan gari ƙabilar Kaninkong ne, mutanen Kaninkon, waɗanda kuma aka ,sani da Nikyob, ƙabila ce ta asali a yankin Ambam, asalinta yana da alaƙa da al'adun baki na ƙaura daga Katsina (watakila Katsina-alla) a Jihar Benue. Tarihinsu ya ƙunshi rikice-rikicen ƙabilu, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan ƙabilu guda biyu, Turan da Ngbechio, waɗanda suka zauna a inda suke a yanzu. A tarihi, sun kasance masu bautar gumaka ne waɗanda tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne da noma kuma waɗanda al'adun [[Nok]] na da suka yi tasiri a kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASPECTS OF NEGATION IN KANINKON {{!}} ProjectClue |url=https://www.projectclue.com/nigerian-african-languages/project-topics-materials-for-undergraduate-students/aspects-of-negation-in-kaninkon#:~:text=According%20to%20oral%20history,%20the,till%20date%20remains%20their%20home. |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.projectclue.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> cz48c9rji5inibvuh0b46sqq4wh387r 970477 970476 2026-10-22T20:25:09Z IB Muazzam 15405 970477 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="category" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ambam, Najeriya</div> |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> Ƙauye </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |} {{Databox}} '''Ambam, Najeriya''' wata al'umma ce ta ƙauye da ke cikin gundumar Tsonje/Sonje, a ƙaramar hukumar Jama'a, a [[Kudancin Kaduna|kudancin]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] wacce ke yankin tsakiyar [[Najeriya]] ([[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]]). Lambar gidan waya ta wannan ƙauyen ita ce: 801144 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Sonje, Jama'a, Kaduna: 801144 {{!}} Nigeria Postcode ✉️ |url=https://nga.postcodebase.com/node/24814 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=nga.postcodebase.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambam, Kaduna, Nigeria - Population and Demographics - CityFacts |url=https://www.city-facts.com/ambam-kaduna/population |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.city-facts.com |language=en}}</ref> Ambam, wani ƙauye ne da ke cikin wannan jiha, wanda aka bayyana cewa yana da yawan jama'a 174,152 kuma yana da tsayin mita 782 daga matakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Result Ambam |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Ambam&state= |access-date=September 8, 2025 |website=Nigeria Postcode}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-07 |access-date=September 8, 2025 |publisher=NIPOST}}</ref> Mutanen da ke cikin wannan gari ƙabilar Kaninkong ne, mutanen Kaninkon, waɗanda kuma aka ,sani da Nikyob, ƙabila ce ta asali a yankin Ambam, asalinta yana da alaƙa da al'adun baki na ƙaura daga Katsina (watakila Katsina-alla) a Jihar Benue. Tarihinsu ya ƙunshi rikice-rikicen ƙabilu, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan ƙabilu guda biyu, Turan da Ngbechio, waɗanda suka zauna a inda suke a yanzu. A tarihi, sun kasance masu bautar gumaka ne waɗanda tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne da noma kuma waɗanda al'adun [[Nok]] na da suka yi tasiri a kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASPECTS OF NEGATION IN KANINKON {{!}} ProjectClue |url=https://www.projectclue.com/nigerian-african-languages/project-topics-materials-for-undergraduate-students/aspects-of-negation-in-kaninkon#:~:text=According%20to%20oral%20history,%20the,till%20date%20remains%20their%20home. |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.projectclue.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 4dns9vtj8kami6xkkvmt9sy27jnmqf6 3 179788 970482 2026-10-22T21:23:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970482 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Equivalent-Text2598! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Equivalent-Text2598|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gwhersatw6twd2umyg9kf5makdiin9l 3 179789 970483 2026-10-22T21:23:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970483 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yahya Musa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yahya Musa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0s2pgwn801msopqhzipuz0a4ziu5ucu 3 179790 970484 2026-10-22T21:23:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970484 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Guzy Tube! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Guzy Tube|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) l15ipqzfr4sqq0nddpnnknkvjatap9k 3 179791 970485 2026-10-22T21:23:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970485 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dalibi Ibrahim! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dalibi Ibrahim|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) jq6xhl1pyt1eyxfhmnhyp19dnaca4fe 3 179792 970486 2026-10-22T21:23:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970486 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abelson7002! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abelson7002|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) brszd4n24j7wokan4aymg8slt6twthe 3 179793 970487 2026-10-22T21:24:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970487 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MBNwaiser! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MBNwaiser|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 5bcoid6cw28vc8rn1h2gjnc7tae3795 3 179794 970488 2026-10-22T21:24:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970488 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Spiderman 1236373! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Spiderman 1236373|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) sed1jtmmx265kif7c6vtel6r7fou02i 3 179795 970489 2026-10-22T21:24:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970489 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, User54644! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/User54644|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1m5wd7jidhpyn9t4rx3c3dkszc12r4c 3 179796 970490 2026-10-22T21:24:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970490 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheXydez! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheXydez|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 2eyp1jmw129m9u7mng2isfxaevpgko3 3 179797 970491 2026-10-22T21:24:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970491 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) naurka0k2h0yo7ha8nlvqnl1o0r24n6 3 179798 970492 2026-10-22T21:24:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970492 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Asianeditorz! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Asianeditorz|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 6ocxbjm94mn97riwv0klsn95cp5hwyq 3 179799 970494 2026-10-22T21:25:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970494 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Me4tJ3ko! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Me4tJ3ko|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lbno8gp0ogrbblgnc1p6gvh9fal8p95 3 179800 970495 2026-10-22T21:25:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970495 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Smiggybone! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Smiggybone|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) th4up4s7udvmk9j8y7ad3ygyw11v57a 3 179801 970496 2026-10-22T21:25:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970496 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alessandro20092102! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alessandro20092102|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j8kl86qoows7vaezbpqw3eincevll8s 3 179802 970497 2026-10-22T21:25:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970497 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mausfield! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mausfield|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0z690zucu8iw2acasovsct7eturgwi5 3 179803 970498 2026-10-22T21:25:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970498 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AMarino-WMF! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AMarino-WMF|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) be72fhk4qzaj77pbpuo2ys1k3ybkury 3 179804 970499 2026-10-22T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970499 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Omnism! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Omnism|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 470niytrkpoov5zmh0vq3cbdlsi9u4u 3 179805 970500 2026-10-22T21:26:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970500 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dinarian19001! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dinarian19001|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0o6g9hnpur9tcbai3awrymhjx1k11kf 3 179806 970501 2026-10-22T21:26:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970501 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zaharadine! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zaharadine|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) jqy97x22x7k3ncjbi9p9zztif5unn26 3 179807 970502 2026-10-22T21:26:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970502 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Barberserk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Barberserk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ldbd21g1ndu0z3awphezdcv4z4nvg5r 3 179808 970503 2026-10-22T21:26:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970503 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pat-Bassey Charles! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pat-Bassey Charles|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 7hkl9j28hqzfobde3ngm6qrevswrgcv 3 179809 970504 2026-10-22T21:26:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970504 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Klatsker! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Klatsker|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) c6q67sl8atbkqeq1bn9au9b4eifgxtu 3 179810 970505 2026-10-22T21:26:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970505 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AlishbaNaseer! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AlishbaNaseer|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) thf07x95l3swaj7e18rbjwp5ewul86k 3 179811 970506 2026-10-22T21:27:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970506 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Knasuttern! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Knasuttern|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 3736fz3dyxbtp08wetjj23x2a0y8u40 3 179812 970507 2026-10-22T21:27:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970507 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, CatSMO! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/CatSMO|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ax62nnn9ruwt7j3y3l3u5p4h2al17zo 3 179813 970508 2026-10-22T21:27:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970508 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Cyndi X! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Cyndi X|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 3lvgj4konaj8z40qn8wvk7yvtqz5xaw 3 179814 970509 2026-10-22T21:27:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970509 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, JD7722! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/JD7722|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gk3tz7aiiecl01wyzqzgf6dxb9au1cx 3 179815 970510 2026-10-22T21:27:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970510 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Masa'ud Musa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Masa'ud Musa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ay5rpk9o44rxud9hifsjamxo5808p1h 3 179816 970511 2026-10-22T21:27:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970511 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pavouk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pavouk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) fmug1zmukvf48l87rk61obyfcw0bgvk 3 179817 970512 2026-10-22T21:28:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970512 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, JEW! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/JEW|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 90ckoy4izh1ah5hblbwfao02z2exe2j 3 179818 970513 2026-10-22T21:28:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970513 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Enzo loe! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Enzo loe|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) s3e9tjxeiogt8bxpnj71a6v3fg4qg3s 3 179819 970514 2026-10-22T21:28:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970514 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 赤田慎吾! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/赤田慎吾|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9aduluycj7cp5qpv5e2qfut6rkjo192 3 179820 970515 2026-10-22T21:28:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970515 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abirahmed562! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abirahmed562|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gwfwiepb3uzaw1mnwaeup3730yg99zr 3 179821 970516 2026-10-22T21:28:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970516 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rfakch007! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rfakch007|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a3107o2v0zsrgbbfvrajsv3pzm84l8o 3 179822 970517 2026-10-22T21:28:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970517 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, PhilipRomano! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/PhilipRomano|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 5nvlusgiirx0heu87f722ozvuqzufqy 3 179823 970518 2026-10-22T21:29:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970518 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Obereits! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Obereits|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) bpkdczjj918omj1pphizx9b4dyjn85z 3 179824 970519 2026-10-22T21:29:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970519 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ltosnar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ltosnar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) sh6o3fa3xcrlaajn0q40zq0jpvbt1qs 3 179825 970520 2026-10-22T21:29:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970520 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Phanopoeia! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Phanopoeia|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) sak0n8d61q21y8z3qb235yfib13ioxf 3 179826 970521 2026-10-22T21:29:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970521 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Spree4218! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Spree4218|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0277lsstn41p8n6562ygs2505po6sgy 3 179827 970522 2026-10-22T21:29:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970522 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sselmanr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sselmanr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 671uib9zasxfvijk48lcoukodz801us 3 179828 970523 2026-10-22T21:29:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970523 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, YatesTucker00090! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/YatesTucker00090|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lmb9wlybce7dft5lzcbp8jutmxqdu8q 3 179829 970524 2026-10-22T21:30:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970524 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, OnniOnni123! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/OnniOnni123|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:30, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 5dbjg1kpq678c7sja0a7xbc6irq8bom 3 179830 970525 2026-10-22T21:30:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 970525 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Faisa6! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Faisa6|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:30, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) b6a4nxixb59o1xbyhiqypdphqxlol2w 0 179831 970539 2026-10-23T06:02:53Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361669797|List of tertiary institutions in Kwara State]]" 970539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kwara (Jiha)|Kwara]] da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka jiha ce a yankin Arewacin Tsakiya na Najeriya tare da taken "State of Harmony" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria States, Capital and Official Slogans |url=https://currentaffairs.ng/state/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Current Affairs Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Akwai manyan cibiyoyin ilmantarwa da yawa a can. == Jami'o'i == Akwai jami'o'i da yawa a jihar Kwara, daya mallakar gwamnatin jihar ne, daya daga gwamnatin tarayya, da kuma jami'o-kashen masu zaman kansu da yawa. Jami'o'in sune: <ref>{{Cite web |title=KU8 - Home |url=https://www.ku8.org.ng/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=www.ku8.org.ng}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] * [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] * [[Jami'ar Al-Hikmah]] * [[Jami'ar Summit, Offa]] * [[Jami'ar Offa]] * Jami'ar Lens * [[Crown Hill University|Jami'ar Crown Hill]] * [[Ojaja University|Jami'ar Ojaja]] * [[Muyhideen College of Education, Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Muyhideen, Ilorin]] * [[Thomas Adewumi University|Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi]] * Jami'ar Landmark * [[Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi]] == Kolejoji == Kolejoji a cikin jihar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Universities & Polytechnics in Kwara State |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/education/}}</ref> * [[College of Education Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Ilorin]] * [[College of Education Oro|Kwalejin Ilimi Oro]] * [[College of Health Technology Offa|Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya Offa]] * [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona]] * [[Kwara State College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara (Fasaha) Lafiagi]] * [[PAN African College of Education, Offa|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Afirka ta PAN, Offa]] == Polytechnics == Polytechnics a cikin jihar sun hada da: <ref name=":0" /> * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta jihar Kwara|Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Kwara]] * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Offa|Makarantar Polytechnic ta Tarayya, Offa]] * [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Lens Polytechnic, Offa]] * [[Graceland Polytechnic Offa]] * [[The Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu|Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kx98sj6y7jl445vz1ryimygj5bz7hk8 970540 970539 2026-10-23T06:03:54Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970540 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kwara (Jiha)|Kwara]] jiha ce a yankin Arewacin Tsakiya na Najeriya tare da taken "State of Harmony" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria States, Capital and Official Slogans |url=https://currentaffairs.ng/state/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Current Affairs Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Akwai manyan cibiyoyin ilmantarwa da yawa a can. == Jami'o'i == Akwai jami'o'i da yawa a jihar Kwara, daya mallakar gwamnatin jihar ne, daya daga gwamnatin tarayya, da kuma jami'o-kashen masu zaman kansu da yawa. Jami'o'in sune: <ref>{{Cite web |title=KU8 - Home |url=https://www.ku8.org.ng/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=www.ku8.org.ng}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] * [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] * [[Jami'ar Al-Hikmah]] * [[Jami'ar Summit, Offa]] * [[Jami'ar Offa]] * Jami'ar Lens * [[Crown Hill University|Jami'ar Crown Hill]] * [[Ojaja University|Jami'ar Ojaja]] * [[Muyhideen College of Education, Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Muyhideen, Ilorin]] * [[Thomas Adewumi University|Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi]] * Jami'ar Landmark * [[Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi]] == Kolejoji == Kolejoji a cikin jihar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Universities & Polytechnics in Kwara State |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/education/}}</ref> * [[College of Education Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Ilorin]] * [[College of Education Oro|Kwalejin Ilimi Oro]] * [[College of Health Technology Offa|Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya Offa]] * [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona]] * [[Kwara State College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara (Fasaha) Lafiagi]] * [[PAN African College of Education, Offa|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Afirka ta PAN, Offa]] == Polytechnics == Polytechnics a cikin jihar sun hada da: <ref name=":0" /> * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta jihar Kwara|Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Kwara]] * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Offa|Makarantar Polytechnic ta Tarayya, Offa]] * [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Lens Polytechnic, Offa]] * [[Graceland Polytechnic Offa]] * [[The Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu|Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lgjw8c68ga9o8rke46rllwv6s72654t 970541 970540 2026-10-23T06:07:48Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970541 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kwara (Jiha)|Kwara]] jiha ce a yankin Arewacin Tsakiya na Najeriya tare da taken "State of Harmony" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria States, Capital and Official Slogans |url=https://currentaffairs.ng/state/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Current Affairs Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/772834-the-north-central-development-commission-a-new-dawn-for-the-region-by-omojo-wada.html |title=The North-Central Development Commission: A new dawn for the region |last=Wada |first=Omojo |date=8 February 2025 |access-date=23 June 2025|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Akwai manyan cibiyoyin ilmantarwa da yawa a can. == Jami'o'i == Akwai jami'o'i da yawa a jihar Kwara, daya mallakar gwamnatin jihar ne, daya daga gwamnatin tarayya, da kuma jami'o-kashen masu zaman kansu da yawa. Jami'o'in sune: <ref>{{Cite web |title=KU8 - Home |url=https://www.ku8.org.ng/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=www.ku8.org.ng}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] * [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] * [[Jami'ar Al-Hikmah]] * [[Jami'ar Summit, Offa]] * [[Jami'ar Offa]] * Jami'ar Lens * [[Crown Hill University|Jami'ar Crown Hill]] * [[Ojaja University|Jami'ar Ojaja]] * [[Muyhideen College of Education, Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Muyhideen, Ilorin]] * [[Thomas Adewumi University|Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi]] * Jami'ar Landmark * [[Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi]] == Kolejoji == Kolejoji a cikin jihar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Universities & Polytechnics in Kwara State |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/education/}}</ref> * [[College of Education Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Ilorin]] * [[College of Education Oro|Kwalejin Ilimi Oro]] * [[College of Health Technology Offa|Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya Offa]] * [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona]] * [[Kwara State College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara (Fasaha) Lafiagi]] * [[PAN African College of Education, Offa|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Afirka ta PAN, Offa]] == Polytechnics == Polytechnics a cikin jihar sun hada da: <ref name=":0" /> * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta jihar Kwara|Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Kwara]] * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Offa|Makarantar Polytechnic ta Tarayya, Offa]] * [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Lens Polytechnic, Offa]] * [[Graceland Polytechnic Offa]] * [[The Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu|Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 34d9xgzjdmpq7q8bwuwzh3id3kby13m 970542 970541 2026-10-23T06:08:22Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Kwara (Jiha)|Kwara]] jiha ce a yankin Arewacin Tsakiya na Najeriya tare da taken "State of Harmony" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria States, Capital and Official Slogans |url=https://currentaffairs.ng/state/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=Current Affairs Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/772834-the-north-central-development-commission-a-new-dawn-for-the-region-by-omojo-wada.html |title=The North-Central Development Commission: A new dawn for the region |last=Wada |first=Omojo |date=8 February 2025 |access-date=23 June 2025|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Akwai manyan cibiyoyin ilmantarwa da yawa a can. == Jami'o'i == Akwai jami'o'i da yawa a jihar Kwara, daya mallakar gwamnatin jihar ne, daya daga gwamnatin tarayya, da kuma jami'o-kashen masu zaman kansu da yawa. Jami'o'in sune: <ref>{{Cite web |title=KU8 - Home |url=https://www.ku8.org.ng/ |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=www.ku8.org.ng}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] * [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] * [[Jami'ar Al-Hikmah]] * [[Jami'ar Summit, Offa]] * [[Jami'ar Offa]] * Jami'ar Lens * [[Crown Hill University|Jami'ar Crown Hill]] * [[Ojaja University|Jami'ar Ojaja]] * [[Muyhideen College of Education, Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Muyhideen, Ilorin]] * [[Thomas Adewumi University|Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi]] * Jami'ar Landmark * [[Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi]] == Kolejoji == Kolejoji a cikin jihar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Universities & Polytechnics in Kwara State |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/education/}}</ref> * [[College of Education Ilorin|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Ilorin]] * [[College of Education Oro|Kwalejin Ilimi Oro]] * [[College of Health Technology Offa|Kwalejin Fasahar Lafiya Offa]] * [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona]] * [[Kwara State College of Education (Technical) Lafiagi|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara (Fasaha) Lafiagi]] * [[PAN African College of Education, Offa|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Afirka ta PAN, Offa]] == Polytechnics == Polytechnics a cikin jihar sun hada da: <ref name=":0" /> * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta jihar Kwara|Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Kwara]] * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Offa|Makarantar Polytechnic ta Tarayya, Offa]] * [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Lens Polytechnic, Offa]] * [[Graceland Polytechnic Offa]] * [[The Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu|Polytechnic, Igbo-Owu]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} olyb4hn6dbu95mz9yryqpib35y90jl3 0 179832 970543 2026-10-23T06:22:45Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292083592|Idris ibn Qatadah]]" 970543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Idrīs ibn Qatādah ibn Idrīs al-Ḥasanī''' ya kasance Sarkin Makka daga 1254 zuwa 1270, tare da katsewa. Yawancin mulkinsa ya kasance tare da jikansa [[Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd ibn Ali]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == A shekara ta 1254 ya kori dan uwansa Ghanim ibn Rajih daga Masarautar Makka tare da haɗin gwiwar Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd, tare da kashe uku kawai a cikin fada. Sun yi mulki tare har zuwa ({{Circa|6 January 1255}} 6 Janairu 1255), lokacin da sarkin al-Mubariz Ibn Birtas ya tsige su a madadin al-Muzaffar na Yemen. Idris da Abu Numayy sun sake karbar Makka watanni biyu bayan haka, dare huɗu 6 Maris 1255. Ibn Birtas ya fanshe kansa kuma ya koma Yemen. A cikin 1256 Abu Numayy ya kori Idris a takaice lokacin da ya bar Makka don ziyartar ɗan'uwansa Rajih. Lokacin da ya koma Makka tare da Rajih shari'ai uku sun sulhunta. A cikin 1270 an sake yin jayayya tsakanin sharifs biyu, inda aka kashe dan Abu Numayy. Ya gudu zuwa Yanbu, inda ya nemi goyon baya daga Sarkinsa. Bayan ya tara sojoji sai ya tashi zuwa Makka ya yi yaƙi da Idris a Khulays . Ya ji wa Idris rauni, sannan ya sauka a kan doki kuma ya fille masa kai. A cewar al-Muyurqi, an kori Abu Numayy daga Makka bayan an kashe ɗansa a Rabi I (wani lokaci {{Circa|18 October}} - c. ), kuma ya kashe Idris kwanaki 40 bayan haka. Wannan zai sanya mutuwar Idris a cikin Rabi II ko Jumada I (wani lokaci {{Circa|26 November}} 26 Nuwamba - c. 25 Disamba). == Manazarta == *   *   * {{Cite book|doi=al-Ghāzī}} *   *   * {{Cite book|doi=al-‘Aṣimī}} * {{Cite book|doi=Daḥlan}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Banu Qatadah]]||||}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} o0vxdleehw8ee85ytt86w0ydjuequ22 970544 970543 2026-10-23T06:23:21Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idrīs ibn Qatādah ibn Idrīs al-Ḥasanī''' ya kasance Sarkin Makka daga 1254 zuwa 1270, tare da katsewa. Yawancin mulkinsa ya kasance tare da jikansa [[Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd ibn Ali]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == A shekara ta 1254 ya kori dan uwansa Ghanim ibn Rajih daga Masarautar Makka tare da haɗin gwiwar Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd, tare da kashe uku kawai a cikin fada. Sun yi mulki tare har zuwa ({{Circa|6 January 1255}} 6 Janairu 1255), lokacin da sarkin al-Mubariz Ibn Birtas ya tsige su a madadin al-Muzaffar na Yemen. Idris da Abu Numayy sun sake karbar Makka watanni biyu bayan haka, dare huɗu 6 Maris 1255. Ibn Birtas ya fanshe kansa kuma ya koma Yemen. A cikin 1256 Abu Numayy ya kori Idris a takaice lokacin da ya bar Makka don ziyartar ɗan'uwansa Rajih. Lokacin da ya koma Makka tare da Rajih shari'ai uku sun sulhunta. A cikin 1270 an sake yin jayayya tsakanin sharifs biyu, inda aka kashe dan Abu Numayy. Ya gudu zuwa Yanbu, inda ya nemi goyon baya daga Sarkinsa. Bayan ya tara sojoji sai ya tashi zuwa Makka ya yi yaƙi da Idris a Khulays . Ya ji wa Idris rauni, sannan ya sauka a kan doki kuma ya fille masa kai. A cewar al-Muyurqi, an kori Abu Numayy daga Makka bayan an kashe ɗansa a Rabi I (wani lokaci {{Circa|18 October}} - c. ), kuma ya kashe Idris kwanaki 40 bayan haka. Wannan zai sanya mutuwar Idris a cikin Rabi II ko Jumada I (wani lokaci {{Circa|26 November}} 26 Nuwamba - c. 25 Disamba). == Manazarta == *   *   * {{Cite book|doi=al-Ghāzī}} *   *   * {{Cite book|doi=al-‘Aṣimī}} * {{Cite book|doi=Daḥlan}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Banu Qatadah]]||||}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} rycpz8hmoy41ar5pts7o8nc9ikjkkok 970545 970544 2026-10-23T06:27:57Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Manazarta */ 970545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idrīs ibn Qatādah ibn Idrīs al-Ḥasanī''' ya kasance Sarkin Makka daga 1254 zuwa 1270, tare da katsewa. Yawancin mulkinsa ya kasance tare da jikansa [[Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd ibn Ali]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == A shekara ta 1254 ya kori dan uwansa Ghanim ibn Rajih daga Masarautar Makka tare da haɗin gwiwar Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd, tare da kashe uku kawai a cikin fada. Sun yi mulki tare har zuwa ({{Circa|6 January 1255}} 6 Janairu 1255), lokacin da sarkin al-Mubariz Ibn Birtas ya tsige su a madadin al-Muzaffar na Yemen. Idris da Abu Numayy sun sake karbar Makka watanni biyu bayan haka, dare huɗu 6 Maris 1255. Ibn Birtas ya fanshe kansa kuma ya koma Yemen. A cikin 1256 Abu Numayy ya kori Idris a takaice lokacin da ya bar Makka don ziyartar ɗan'uwansa Rajih. Lokacin da ya koma Makka tare da Rajih shari'ai uku sun sulhunta. A cikin 1270 an sake yin jayayya tsakanin sharifs biyu, inda aka kashe dan Abu Numayy. Ya gudu zuwa Yanbu, inda ya nemi goyon baya daga Sarkinsa. Bayan ya tara sojoji sai ya tashi zuwa Makka ya yi yaƙi da Idris a Khulays . Ya ji wa Idris rauni, sannan ya sauka a kan doki kuma ya fille masa kai. A cewar al-Muyurqi, an kori Abu Numayy daga Makka bayan an kashe ɗansa a Rabi I (wani lokaci {{Circa|18 October}} - c. ), kuma ya kashe Idris kwanaki 40 bayan haka. Wannan zai sanya mutuwar Idris a cikin Rabi II ko Jumada I (wani lokaci {{Circa|26 November}} 26 Nuwamba - c. 25 Disamba). == Manazarta == *{{cite book|last1=de Zambaur|first1=E.|title=Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de l'Islam|date=1927|publisher=Heinz Lafaire|location=Hanovre|language=French|page=21}} *{{cite book|last1=Daḥlān|first1=Aḥmad ibn Zaynī|script-title=ar:تاريخ الدول الإسلامية بالجداول المرضية|title=Tārīkh al-duwal al-Islāmīyah bi-al-jadāwil al-marḍīyah|date=1888|publisher=al-Maṭba‘ah al-Bahīyah|location=al-Qāhirah|language=Arabic|page=144}} *{{cite book|author-last=al-Ghāzī|author-first=‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad|editor1=‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Duhaysh|script-title=ar:إفادة الأنام|title=Ifādat al-anām|date=2009|publisher=Maktabat al-Asadī|location=Makkah|edition=1st|language=Arabic|volume=3|pages=148–152}} *{{cite book|author1-last=Ibn Fahd|author1-first=‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn ‘Umar ibn Muḥammad|editor1-last=Shaltūt|editor1-first=Fahīm Muḥammad|script-title=ar:غاية المرام بأخبار سلطنة البلد الحرام|title=Ghāyat al-marām bi-akhbār salṭanat al-Balad al-Ḥarām|date=1986|publisher=Jāmi‘at Umm al-Qurá, Markaz al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī wa-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, Kullīyat al-Sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah|location=Makkah|volume=1|edition=1st|language=Arabic|pages=640–642}} *{{cite book|author1-last=Ibn Fahd|author1-first=‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn ‘Umar ibn Muḥammad|editor1-last=Shaltūt|editor1-first=Fahīm Muḥammad|script-title=ar:غاية المرام بأخبار سلطنة البلد الحرام|title=Ghāyat al-marām bi-akhbār salṭanat al-Balad al-Ḥarām|date=1988|publisher=Jāmi‘at Umm al-Qurá, Markaz al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī wa-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, Kullīyat al-Sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah|location=Makkah|volume=2|edition=1st|language=Arabic|pages=9–14}} *{{cite book|author-last=al-‘Aṣimī|author-first=‘Abd al-Malik ibn Ḥusayn |editor1=‘Ādil Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Mawjūd |editor2=‘Alī Muḥammad Mu‘awwaḍ |script-title=ar:سمط النجوم العوالي في أنباء الأوائل والتوالي|title=Samṭ al-nujūm al-'awālī fī anbā' al-awā'il wa-al-tawālī|date=1998 |volume=4 |publisher=Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah |location=Bayrūt |language=Arabic |pages=236–239}} *{{cite book|author-last=Daḥlan|author-first=Aḥmad Zaynī|title=Khulāṣat al-kalām fī bayān umarā' al-Balad al-Ḥarām|script-title=ar:خلاصة الكلام في بيان أمراء البلد الحرام|publisher=Dār Arḍ al-Ḥaramayn|year=2007|orig-year=1887/1888|language=Arabic|pages=88–89}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Banu Qatadah]]||||}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} 7hzokpmnarrq2jtdpgn4anyeetwteqz 970546 970545 2026-10-23T06:29:28Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Idrīs ibn Qatādah ibn Idrīs al-Ḥasanī''' ya kasance Sarkin Makka daga 1254 zuwa 1270, tare da katsewa. Yawancin mulkinsa ya kasance tare da jikansa [[Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd ibn Ali]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == A shekara ta 1254 ya kori dan uwansa Ghanim ibn Rajih daga Masarautar Makka tare da haɗin gwiwar Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd, tare da kashe uku kawai a cikin fada. Sun yi mulki tare har zuwa ({{Circa|6 January 1255}} 6 Janairu 1255), lokacin da sarkin al-Mubariz Ibn Birtas ya tsige su a madadin al-Muzaffar na Yemen. Idris da Abu Numayy sun sake karbar Makka watanni biyu bayan haka, dare huɗu 6 Maris 1255. Ibn Birtas ya fanshe kansa kuma ya koma Yemen. A cikin 1256 Abu Numayy ya kori Idris a takaice lokacin da ya bar Makka don ziyartar ɗan'uwansa Rajih. Lokacin da ya koma Makka tare da Rajih shari'ai uku sun sulhunta. A cikin 1270 an sake yin jayayya tsakanin sharifs biyu, inda aka kashe dan Abu Numayy. Ya gudu zuwa Yanbu, inda ya nemi goyon baya daga Sarkinsa. Bayan ya tara sojoji sai ya tashi zuwa Makka ya yi yaƙi da Idris a Khulays . Ya ji wa Idris rauni, sannan ya sauka a kan doki kuma ya fille masa kai. A cewar al-Muyurqi, an kori Abu Numayy daga Makka bayan an kashe ɗansa a Rabi I (wani lokaci {{Circa|18 October}} - c. ), kuma ya kashe Idris kwanaki 40 bayan haka. Wannan zai sanya mutuwar Idris a cikin Rabi II ko Jumada I (wani lokaci {{Circa|26 November}} 26 Nuwamba - c. 25 Disamba). == Manazarta == *{{cite book|last1=de Zambaur|first1=E.|title=Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de l'Islam|date=1927|publisher=Heinz Lafaire|location=Hanovre|language=French|page=21}} *{{cite book|last1=Daḥlān|first1=Aḥmad ibn Zaynī|script-title=ar:تاريخ الدول الإسلامية بالجداول المرضية|title=Tārīkh al-duwal al-Islāmīyah bi-al-jadāwil al-marḍīyah|date=1888|publisher=al-Maṭba‘ah al-Bahīyah|location=al-Qāhirah|language=Arabic|page=144}} *{{cite book|author-last=al-Ghāzī|author-first=‘Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad|editor1=‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Duhaysh|script-title=ar:إفادة الأنام|title=Ifādat al-anām|date=2009|publisher=Maktabat al-Asadī|location=Makkah|edition=1st|language=Arabic|volume=3|pages=148–152}} *{{cite book|author1-last=Ibn Fahd|author1-first=‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn ‘Umar ibn Muḥammad|editor1-last=Shaltūt|editor1-first=Fahīm Muḥammad|script-title=ar:غاية المرام بأخبار سلطنة البلد الحرام|title=Ghāyat al-marām bi-akhbār salṭanat al-Balad al-Ḥarām|date=1986|publisher=Jāmi‘at Umm al-Qurá, Markaz al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī wa-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, Kullīyat al-Sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah|location=Makkah|volume=1|edition=1st|language=Arabic|pages=640–642}} *{{cite book|author1-last=Ibn Fahd|author1-first=‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn ‘Umar ibn Muḥammad|editor1-last=Shaltūt|editor1-first=Fahīm Muḥammad|script-title=ar:غاية المرام بأخبار سلطنة البلد الحرام|title=Ghāyat al-marām bi-akhbār salṭanat al-Balad al-Ḥarām|date=1988|publisher=Jāmi‘at Umm al-Qurá, Markaz al-Baḥth al-‘Ilmī wa-Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī, Kullīyat al-Sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah|location=Makkah|volume=2|edition=1st|language=Arabic|pages=9–14}} *{{cite book|author-last=al-‘Aṣimī|author-first=‘Abd al-Malik ibn Ḥusayn |editor1=‘Ādil Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Mawjūd |editor2=‘Alī Muḥammad Mu‘awwaḍ |script-title=ar:سمط النجوم العوالي في أنباء الأوائل والتوالي|title=Samṭ al-nujūm al-'awālī fī anbā' al-awā'il wa-al-tawālī|date=1998 |volume=4 |publisher=Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah |location=Bayrūt |language=Arabic |pages=236–239}} *{{cite book|author-last=Daḥlan|author-first=Aḥmad Zaynī|title=Khulāṣat al-kalām fī bayān umarā' al-Balad al-Ḥarām|script-title=ar:خلاصة الكلام في بيان أمراء البلد الحرام|publisher=Dār Arḍ al-Ḥaramayn|year=2007|orig-year=1887/1888|language=Arabic|pages=88–89}} {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Banu Qatadah]]||||}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Emir of Mecca}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} lvy8lk7aubc61n19jlygebh0c1r3o67 0 179833 970553 2026-10-23T07:49:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Muhammad]] to [[Muhammad (SAW)]] over redirect 970553 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Muhammad (SAW)]] 1qtic6b7zrjmdctntezruhpmf8hrqxx 970556 970553 2026-10-23T07:51:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Removed redirect to [[Muhammad (SAW)]] 970556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya zo da [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni (s.a.w)da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Annabi Adamu, Annabi Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) da [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> psg6vfgehevlfek8x7v9ttqx5fj252q 970557 970556 2026-10-23T07:52:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kyauta */ 970557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshen zamani kuma wanda ya zo da [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don yayi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni (s.a.w)da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Annabi Adamu, Annabi Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) da [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu abun bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> iswxt3nbumit4rq4aqomxra03opwbxa 1 179834 970555 2026-10-23T07:49:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Tattaunawa:Muhammad]] to [[Tattaunawa:Muhammad (SAW)]] over redirect 970555 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawa:Muhammad (SAW)]] rnklnephtkcupbn9qp3tvdkags513wy 0 179835 970560 2026-10-23T08:07:31Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364107813|Echis ocellatus]]" 970560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Echis ocellatus.jpg|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref>{{cite iucn|author1=Luiselli, L.|author2=Chirio, L.|author3=Chippaux, J.-P.|year=2021|title=''Echis ocellatus''|article-number=e.T13301039A13301046|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T13301039A13301046.en|access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref>|genus=Echis|species=ocellatus|authority=[[Othmar Stemmler|Stemmler]], 1970|synonyms=* ''Echis carinatus ocellatus'' <small>Stemmler, 1970</small> * ''Echis ocellatus'' <br /><small>&mdash; [[B. Hughes|Hughes]], 1976</small> * ''Echis'' [(''Toxicoa'')] ''ocellatus'' <br /><small>&mdash; [[Vladimir Alexandrovich Cherlin|Cherlin]], 1990</small><ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>}} '''''Echis ocellatus''''', wanda aka fi sani da sunayen gama gari na West African carpet viper da ocellated carpet vipar, wani nau'in viper ne mai guba sosai wanda ke cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]]. A halin yanzu ba a san nau'ukan jinsuna ba. Yana da alhakin mutuwar mutane da yawa saboda cizon maciji fiye da sauran nau'ukan Afirka da aka haɗa. Wani maganin rigakafi da ake kira ''Echitab-plus-ICP'' an ƙera shi ne ta hanyar Costa Rican Instituto Clodomiro Picado kuma wani mai suna ''EchiTabG'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=EchiTAb-Plus-ICP Description and Instructions |url=https://www.echitabplusicp.org/product/description |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155222/https://www.echitabplusicp.org/product/description |archive-date=2019-12-14 |access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> an ƙera ta MicroPharm Ltd a Burtaniya. == Tarihin lissafi == [[Othmar Stemmler]] ya bayyana nau'in a cikin 1970. An dauke shi wani nau'i na ''E. carinatus'' . Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya raba nau'in zuwa uku, tare da amincewa da ''Echis jogeri'' daga Senegal, Guinea da Mali, da ''Echis romani'' daga gabashin Najeriya, kudu maso gabashin Nijar, Kamaru da Chadi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pook |first=C.E. |last2=Joger |first2=U. |last3=Stümpel |first3=N. |last4=Wüster |first4=W. |date=2009 |title=When continents collide: Phylogeny, historical biogeography and systematics of the medically important viper genus ''Echis'' (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae) |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790309003145 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=792–807 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.002 |issn=1055-7903 |pmid=19666129 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trape |first=Jean-François |date=2018 |title=Partition d'''Echis ocellatus'' Stemmler, 1970 (Squamata, Viperidae), avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle |journal=Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France |volume=167 |pages=13–34}}</ref> takamaiman suna, ''ocellatus'', yana nufin jerin "masu ido" (ocelli) wanda ke gudana tsawon jiki. Sunayen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da maciji mai laushi na Afirka, maciji mai kafet mai laushi da maciji na kafet na Yammacin Afirka. == Bayyanawa da halayyar == Matsakaicin jimlar tsawon (jiki + wutsiya) shine {{Convert|65|cm|in}} in), mai yiwuwa fiye, yayin da matsakaicin jimillar tsawon shine 30-50 cm (12-20 in). Ana nuna su da idanunsu masu girma da gajeren hanci, na al'ada ga nau'in jinsin Echis. E. ocellatus na duniya ne, na dare da kuma crepuscular: yawanci yakan fita don farautar ganimar sa a farkon sa'o'i na dare, ganima kamar ((((((((((((((((The maximum total length (body + tail) is {{convert|65|cm|in|abbr=on}}, possibly more, while the average total length is {{convert|30|–|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="SB952">Spawls S, [[William Roy "Bill" Branch|Branch B]]. 1995.</ref> They are characterized by their bulging eyes and short snout, typical of species of the genus Echis. E. ocellatus is terrestrial, nocturnal and crepuscular: it usually goes out to hunt its prey at the first hours of the night, prey like small vertebrates, like mammals, birds, lizards and amphibians, it has already been reported to hunt small invertebrates like centipedes and scorpions. It<nowiki>'s a very aggressive viper; it forms its body like a ''S''</nowiki> and rubs itself making an alert sound with its scales.<ref name="toxinology.com2">{{Cite web |title=WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources |url=http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?fuseaction=main.snakes.display&id=SN0221 |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=www.toxinology.com}}</ref>))))))))))))))))kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, lizards da amphibians, an riga an ruwaito shi don farautar kananan dabbobi marasa rai kamar centipedes da kunama. Yana da tsananin tsananin tashin hankali; yana samar da jikinsa kamar "S" kuma yana shafa kansa yana yin sauti mai faɗakarwa tare da ma'auni.<ref name="toxinology.com">{{Cite web |title=WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources |url=http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?fuseaction=main.snakes.display&id=SN0221 |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=www.toxinology.com}}</ref> == Yankin da mazaunin == Ana samunsa a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] a [[Mali]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], kudancin [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da [[Najeriya]]. Tsoffin rubuce-rubuce daga Senegal, Guinea Bissau da Guinea suna nufin ''Echis jogeri'', kuma waɗanda ke gabashin Najeriya, Kamaru da kudancin Chadi zuwa ''Echis romani''. An bayyana irin wannan yankin a matsayin "Haute Volta, Garango, 048 N, 033 W" (Burkina Faso). Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni game da samfurori guda ɗaya da aka samo a [[Bangui]] a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] da kuma tsakiyar [[Sudan]]. Ba a yawan samun shi a arewacin 15<span style="font-size:100%;">^th</span> parallel, bayan haka ''E. leucogaster'' ya zama gama gari. Yankin ƙasa na ''E. ocellatus'' ya kai ga bakin teku ta hanyar Dahomey Gap. Ana samun su galibi a cikin savanna kuma a wasu lokuta a wuraren katako.<ref name="WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources">{{Cite web |title=WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources |url=http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?fuseaction=main.snakes.display&id=SN0221 |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=www.toxinology.com}}</ref> == Haihuwa == Mata masu girma na jima'i suna sa tsakanin ƙwai 6 zuwa 20, yawanci a ƙarshen lokacin fari a watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris. Yaran suna da 10-12 in) jimlar tsawon. == Rashin guba == Rashin guba na maciji na Afirka ta Yamma yana da alhakin mutuwar mutane da yawa fiye da sauran macizai na Afirka da aka haɗa. Abun guba shine fili na procoagulants, anticoagulantes, hemorraghins, nephrotoxins da necrotoxins, kuma alamun ciwo sun haɗa da ciwo na gida, kumburi, zubar da jini da kuma lalacewa wanda zai iya haifar da yankewa. Alamomin tsarin sun haɗa da coagulopathy, zubar da jini, firgici, gazawar koda da makanta. Adadin guba shine 80% kuma adadin kisa shine 10-20% .<ref name="toxinology.com" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Habib |first=A. G. |last2=Abubakar |first2=S. B. |last3=Abubakar |first3=I. S. |last4=Larnyang |first4=S. |last5=Durfa |first5=N. |last6=Nasidi |first6=A. |last7=Yusuf |first7=P. O. |last8=Garnvwa |first8=J. |last9=Theakston |first9=R. D. G. |last10=Salako |first10=L. |last11=Warrell |first11=D. A. |date=September 2008 |title=Envenoming after carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) bite during pregnancy: timely use of effective antivenom improves maternal and foetal outcomes |journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=1172–1175 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02122.x |issn=1360-2276 |pmc=2857546 |pmid=18631310}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d6jqjsjpqx3ot4hnnuzj1h4al4z50fn 970561 970560 2026-10-23T08:09:26Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 970561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Echis ocellatus.jpg|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref>{{cite iucn|author1=Luiselli, L.|author2=Chirio, L.|author3=Chippaux, J.-P.|year=2021|title=''Echis ocellatus''|article-number=e.T13301039A13301046|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T13301039A13301046.en|access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref>|genus=Echis|species=ocellatus|authority=[[Othmar Stemmler|Stemmler]], 1970|synonyms=* ''Echis carinatus ocellatus'' <small>Stemmler, 1970</small> * ''Echis ocellatus'' <br /><small>&mdash; [[B. Hughes|Hughes]], 1976</small> * ''Echis'' [(''Toxicoa'')] ''ocellatus'' <br /><small>&mdash; [[Vladimir Alexandrovich Cherlin|Cherlin]], 1990</small><ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>}} '''''Echis ocellatus''''', wanda aka fi sani da sunayen gama gari na West African carpet viper da ocellated carpet vipar, wani nau'in viper ne mai guba sosai wanda ke cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]]. A halin yanzu ba a san nau'ukan jinsuna ba. Yana da alhakin mutuwar mutane da yawa saboda cizon maciji fiye da sauran nau'ukan Afirka da aka haɗa. Wani maganin rigakafi da ake kira ''Echitab-plus-ICP'' an ƙera shi ne ta hanyar Costa Rican Instituto Clodomiro Picado kuma wani mai suna ''EchiTabG'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=EchiTAb-Plus-ICP Description and Instructions |url=https://www.echitabplusicp.org/product/description |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155222/https://www.echitabplusicp.org/product/description |archive-date=2019-12-14 |access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> an ƙera ta MicroPharm Ltd a Burtaniya. == Tarihin lissafi == [[Othmar Stemmler]] ya bayyana nau'in a cikin 1970. An dauke shi wani nau'i na ''E. carinatus'' . Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya raba nau'in zuwa uku, tare da amincewa da ''Echis jogeri'' daga Senegal, Guinea da Mali, da ''Echis romani'' daga gabashin Najeriya, kudu maso gabashin Nijar, Kamaru da Chadi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pook |first=C.E. |last2=Joger |first2=U. |last3=Stümpel |first3=N. |last4=Wüster |first4=W. |date=2009 |title=When continents collide: Phylogeny, historical biogeography and systematics of the medically important viper genus ''Echis'' (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae) |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790309003145 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=792–807 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.002 |issn=1055-7903 |pmid=19666129 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trape |first=Jean-François |date=2018 |title=Partition d'''Echis ocellatus'' Stemmler, 1970 (Squamata, Viperidae), avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle |journal=Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France |volume=167 |pages=13–34}}</ref> takamaiman suna, ''ocellatus'', yana nufin jerin "masu ido" (ocelli) wanda ke gudana tsawon jiki. Sunayen da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da maciji mai laushi na Afirka, maciji mai kafet mai laushi da maciji na kafet na Yammacin Afirka. == Bayyanawa da halayyar == Matsakaicin jimlar tsawon (jiki + wutsiya) shine {{Convert|65|cm|in}} in), mai yiwuwa fiye, yayin da matsakaicin jimillar tsawon shine 30-50 cm (12-20 in). Ana nuna su da idanunsu masu girma da gajeren hanci, na al'ada ga nau'in jinsin Echis. E. ocellatus na duniya ne, na dare da kuma crepuscular: yawanci yakan fita don farautar ganimar sa a farkon sa'o'i na dare, ganima kamar kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, lizards da amphibians, an riga an ruwaito shi don farautar kananan dabbobi marasa rai kamar centipedes da kunama. Yana da tsananin tsananin tashin hankali; yana samar da jikinsa kamar "S" kuma yana shafa kansa yana yin sauti mai faɗakarwa tare da ma'auni.<ref name="toxinology.com">{{Cite web |title=WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources |url=http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?fuseaction=main.snakes.display&id=SN0221 |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=www.toxinology.com}}</ref> == Yankin da mazaunin == Ana samunsa a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] a [[Mali]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], kudancin [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da [[Najeriya]]. Tsoffin rubuce-rubuce daga Senegal, Guinea Bissau da Guinea suna nufin ''Echis jogeri'', kuma waɗanda ke gabashin Najeriya, Kamaru da kudancin Chadi zuwa ''Echis romani''. An bayyana irin wannan yankin a matsayin "Haute Volta, Garango, 048 N, 033 W" (Burkina Faso). Har ila yau, akwai rahotanni game da samfurori guda ɗaya da aka samo a [[Bangui]] a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] da kuma tsakiyar [[Sudan]]. Ba a yawan samun shi a arewacin 15<span style="font-size:100%;">^th</span> parallel, bayan haka ''E. leucogaster'' ya zama gama gari. Yankin ƙasa na ''E. ocellatus'' ya kai ga bakin teku ta hanyar Dahomey Gap. Ana samun su galibi a cikin savanna kuma a wasu lokuta a wuraren katako.<ref name="WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources">{{Cite web |title=WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources |url=http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?fuseaction=main.snakes.display&id=SN0221 |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=www.toxinology.com}}</ref> == Haihuwa == Mata masu girma na jima'i suna sa tsakanin ƙwai 6 zuwa 20, yawanci a ƙarshen lokacin fari a watan Fabrairu zuwa Maris. Yaran suna da 10-12 in) jimlar tsawon. == Rashin guba == Rashin guba na maciji na Afirka ta Yamma yana da alhakin mutuwar mutane da yawa fiye da sauran macizai na Afirka da aka haɗa. Abun guba shine fili na procoagulants, anticoagulantes, hemorraghins, nephrotoxins da necrotoxins, kuma alamun ciwo sun haɗa da ciwo na gida, kumburi, zubar da jini da kuma lalacewa wanda zai iya haifar da yankewa. Alamomin tsarin sun haɗa da coagulopathy, zubar da jini, firgici, gazawar koda da makanta. Adadin guba shine 80% kuma adadin kisa shine 10-20% .<ref name="toxinology.com" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Habib |first=A. G. |last2=Abubakar |first2=S. B. |last3=Abubakar |first3=I. S. |last4=Larnyang |first4=S. |last5=Durfa |first5=N. |last6=Nasidi |first6=A. |last7=Yusuf |first7=P. O. |last8=Garnvwa |first8=J. |last9=Theakston |first9=R. D. G. |last10=Salako |first10=L. |last11=Warrell |first11=D. A. |date=September 2008 |title=Envenoming after carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) bite during pregnancy: timely use of effective antivenom improves maternal and foetal outcomes |journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=1172–1175 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02122.x |issn=1360-2276 |pmc=2857546 |pmid=18631310}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jjte2pb7pz8i3t3fxuobc00dbyd7d6u 3 179836 970571 2026-10-23T10:01:52Z Cabayi 8435 Cabayi moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Hectorinaaa]] to [[Tattaunawar user:MiamiMint]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Hectorinaaa|Hectorinaaa]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/MiamiMint|MiamiMint]]" 970571 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:MiamiMint]] 596swiyzcu6qpkfuli2fk3g35i5fft2 0 179837 970572 2026-10-23T10:02:55Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345939205|Yau (surname)]]" 970572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4s1xuo6lv57rnvpjv0p9i16gght8olz 970573 970572 2026-10-23T10:03:44Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 43npaci2y08oapi9f8phsika0bj7xxp 970574 970573 2026-10-23T10:07:15Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Hausa da sauran Afirka */ 970574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} eyxisy0lxzc5vvhzcxtowra16cizvaj 970575 970574 2026-10-23T10:08:11Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 970575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pble2oa8ecbeln9lovy75oug08pczuw 970576 970575 2026-10-23T10:10:42Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Hausa da sauran Afirka */ 970576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano State Assembly|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Kano State House of Assembly]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 26wt5jwrho8al9rooy2bjd1shkb2uys 970577 970576 2026-10-23T10:12:43Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Hausa da sauran Afirka */ 970577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria to host 51st CPA conference – Hon Galadima|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Zakariyau Galadima]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano State Assembly|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Kano State House of Assembly]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hanp7rw3vk7w1bpf4hzkafze468le3c 970578 970577 2026-10-23T10:14:19Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Hausa da sauran Afirka */ 970578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi, masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yobe APC chieftains preach unity, discipline ahead 2027 elections|url=https://punchng.com/yobe-apc-chieftains-preach-unity-discipline-ahead-2027-elections/|access-date=2025-03-15|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria to host 51st CPA conference – Hon Galadima|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Zakariyau Galadima]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano State Assembly|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Kano State House of Assembly]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r2mb0vesle0b5aaf6ofhsszote1o35s 970579 970578 2026-10-23T10:17:02Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Hausa da sauran Afirka */ 970579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Armaya'u Hamisu Bichi: Vice Chancellor who converted his official residence to Female Hostel|url=https://www.katsinatimes.com/news-analysis/details/2028/prof-armayau-hamisu-bichi-vice-chancellor-who-converted-his-official-residence-to-female-hostel|publisher=[[Media Trust]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yobe APC chieftains preach unity, discipline ahead 2027 elections|url=https://punchng.com/yobe-apc-chieftains-preach-unity-discipline-ahead-2027-elections/|access-date=2025-03-15|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria to host 51st CPA conference – Hon Galadima|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Zakariyau Galadima]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano State Assembly|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Kano State House of Assembly]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9q9mz8bfox8icp7ad147obscas9neca 970580 970579 2026-10-23T10:18:30Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Hausa da sauran Afirka */ 970580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Armaya'u Hamisu Bichi: Vice Chancellor who converted his official residence to Female Hostel|url=https://www.katsinatimes.com/news-analysis/details/2028/prof-armayau-hamisu-bichi-vice-chancellor-who-converted-his-official-residence-to-female-hostel|publisher=[[Media Trust]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yobe APC chieftains preach unity, discipline ahead 2027 elections|url=https://punchng.com/yobe-apc-chieftains-preach-unity-discipline-ahead-2027-elections/|access-date=2025-03-15|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria to host 51st CPA conference – Hon Galadima|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Zakariyau Galadima]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano State Assembly|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Kano State House of Assembly]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tag: Justice Aisha Ya'u|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/justice-aisha-yau|access-date=2025-03-15|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} n5iblieykv8utjf9s0azxuboxryc0a6 970581 970580 2026-10-23T10:19:08Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Manazarta */ 970581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yau''' sunan mahaifi ne. Yana da romanization na sunaye masu yawa a cikin yankunan Cantonese (ciki har da Hong Kong) bisa ga nau'o'in Sinanci daban-daban, da kuma sunan mahaifi a wasu al'adu. A cikin [[Harshen Hausa]] da al'adun [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of the Name "Yao", and What Numerologists Say About It |url=https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-yao.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Ifate]]}}</ref> , sunan "Yau" ko nau'ikansa daban-daban "Ya'u" da Arma Ya'u sunan namiji ne da sunan mahaifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FORBES Search Names & Genealogy |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/arma_yau#google_vignette |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[FOREBEARERS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arma Ya U Meaning & Pronunciation |url=https://www.nameslook.com/arma-ya-u |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[Names Look]]}}</ref> kuma ya samo asali ne daga sunan Larabci Zakariya mahaifin Yahaya Maibaftisma (Yahya), sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman taƙaitaccen nau'i.<ref name="forebears">{{Cite web |title=Ya-U Surname |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/ya-u |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2010 |title=An African Reflects on Biblical Names |url=https://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2010/03/african-reflects-on-biblical-names.html |access-date=15 March 2025 |publisher=[[JUST GENESIS]]}}</ref> Sunan sananne ne a tsakanin mutanen Hausa da sauran al'ummomi a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman sunan farko ga yara maza. Ana kiran sunan a matsayin "YAH-oo". Daga cikin masu amsawa ga Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2000, Yau ita ce sunan mahaifi na 394 mafi yawanci tsakanin Amurkawa na Asiya Pacific, kuma 10,881 mafi yawanci gabaɗaya, tare da masu ɗauke da 2,686 (93.9% daga cikinsu an gano su a matsayin Asiya / Pacific Islander). <ref name="Monga">{{Cite web |title=Most common last names for Asians and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. |url=http://names.mongabay.com/data/asian_pacific_islander.html |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref> == Cantonese romanization na 丘 == * Shing-Tung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), ɗan asalin kasar Sin ɗan lissafi na Amurka * Stephen Shing-Toung Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), ɗan asalin ƙasar Hong Kong ɗan asalin Amurka, ɗan'uwan Shing-Tung Yau * Algernon Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong * Alan Yau ({{Lang|zh|丘德威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), mai cin abinci na Burtaniya wanda aka haifa a Hong Kong * Yau Kin Wai ({{Lang|zh|丘健威}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na Sin == * Yau Leung, mai daukar hoto a titin Hong Kong * Yau Lop Poon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), ɗan jaridar Hong Kong * Edward Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong * Herman Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Chingmy Yau (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hong Kong * Benny Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980), mai gabatar da talabijin na Kanada wanda aka haife shi ne a Hong Kong * Yung Yau, farfesa a fannin karatun gidaje na Hong Kong * Stanley Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror * Tiger Yau, memba na ƙungiyar yara ta Hong Kong Mirror == Cantonese romanization na 尤 == * Yau Lit (1864-1936), mai juyin juya halin kasar Sin * Carrie Yau ({{Lang|zh|尤曾家麗}}; an haife ta a shekara ta 1955), jami'in gwamnatin Hong Kong == Cantonese romanization na 游 == * King-Wai Yau (遊景威; an haife shi a shekara ta 1948), masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda aka haifa a kasar Sin * Patrick Yau ({{Lang|zh|游達志}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), darektan fim na Hong Kong * Yau Nai-hoi ({{Lang|zh|游乃海}}; an haife shi a shekara ta 1968), marubucin fim na Hong Kong * Yau Kam Leung (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985), mai tsaron kwallon kafa na Hong Kong * Neo Yau (yawon shakatawa; an haife shi a 1990), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong * Yau Wai-ching (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991), ɗan siyasan Hong Kong == Mandarin Romanization na Sin == Yau shine rubutun a cikin Gwoyeu Romatzyh (wani tsarin da ba a saba amfani da shi ba na fassarar [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Sinanci]]) na sunan mahaifi da aka rubuta Yào a cikin tsarin pinyin da ya fi yaduwa. * Horng-Tzer Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan asalin Taiwan ne ɗan asalin Amurka. * John Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaki na Amurka na zuriyar kasar Sin == Hausa da sauran Afirka == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifi a Hausa, Yau ko Ya'u ko Arma Ya'u: * [[Sahabi Alhaji Yaú]] (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Yau Usman Idris]] an haife shi a [[Kauru]], Karamar Hukumar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-28|title=Buhari appoints Idris as NNRA DG|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/buhari-appoints-idris-as-nnra-dg/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-08-16|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ., Masanin kimiyyar nukiliya na Najeriya * [[Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=File:Ya'u Umar GwajoGwajo.jpg |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ya%27u_Umar_GwajoGwajo.jpg |access-date=2020-08-16 |publisher=[[WIKIMEDIA COMMONS]]}}</ref> * [[Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang|Mai Shari'a Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang]], ɗan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2020 |title=File:Hon. Justice Ya'u Ibrahim Dakwang Vs National Judicial Council and others |url=https://lawnigeria.com/2020/10/02/hon-justice-yau-ibrahim-dakwang-v-national-judicial-council-others/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[info@lawnigeria.com]]}}</ref> * Arma Ya'u Hamisu Bichi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Armaya'u Hamisu Bichi: Vice Chancellor who converted his official residence to Female Hostel|url=https://www.katsinatimes.com/news-analysis/details/2028/prof-armayau-hamisu-bichi-vice-chancellor-who-converted-his-official-residence-to-female-hostel|publisher=[[Media Trust]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya * [[Abdulsalam Ya'u Gitai]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Abdulsalam Gitai - Director, Innovation and Research |url=https://paidef.org.ng/about/executives/prof-abdulsalami-yau-gitai/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Practical Artificial Intelligence Development Foundation (PAIDeF)]]}}</ref> * [[Yau Usman Dachia]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yobe APC chieftains preach unity, discipline ahead 2027 elections|url=https://punchng.com/yobe-apc-chieftains-preach-unity-discipline-ahead-2027-elections/|access-date=2025-03-15|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Zakari Ya’u Galadima|Zakari Ya'u Galadima]] [[Zakariyau Galadima]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria to host 51st CPA conference – Hon Galadima|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Zakariyau Galadima]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Garba Ya’u|Garba Ya'u]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kano State Assembly|date=4 November 2021|url=https://www.capitalpost.ng/nigeria-to-host-51st-cpa-conference-hon-galadima/|publisher=[[Kano State House of Assembly]]|access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya * Mai shari'a Aisha Ya'u,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tag: Justice Aisha Ya'u|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/justice-aisha-yau|access-date=2025-03-15|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma lauya * [[Sule Ya’u|Sule Ya'u]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=IMPR Board Chairman, Dr. Sule Ya'u, Becomes Professor at BUK |url=https://spokespersonsdigest.com/2025/02/impr-board-sule-professor/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=[[Spokesperson's digest]]}}</ref> * [[Ya'u Shu'aibu Haruna]], masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyya na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ya'U Haruna Shu'Aibu Y. S. Haruna, Haruna Y. S.Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University - Bauchi / Nigeria |url=https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/scientist-presentation/yau-haruna-shuaibuy-s-haruna-haruna-y-s/4747852 |access-date=2025-03-15 |publisher=Index}}</ref> == Wasu == Mutanen da ke da sunan mahaifiyar Yau wanda ba na kasar Sin ba, ko kuma sunayensu kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin haruffa na kasar Sin babu su: * Yairo Yau (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Panama * Stephen Sik-Sang Yau, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka * David Yau Yau, mai kula da gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu kuma tsohon shugaban masu tayar da kayar baya == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 1vsgqy2evwx28smea76hi2wlm11ky2h