Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma

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== Neman Ra’ayi kan Sabon Proposal: Inganta Hausa Wikiquote ==

Assalamu alaikum al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia, Ina so na sanar da ku cewa na gabatar da wani proposal a shirin tallafin (Nigeria National Funding Program) domin inganta aikin Hausa Wikiquote wanda yake a Incubator tun a shekarar 2022 amma har yanzu ba a amince da shi a matsayin cikakken Wikimedia project ba.
[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 18:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

===Support===


== Buƙatar Sake Amincewa da Ni a Matsayin Admin ==


Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.  

Bayan cikar wa’adin watanni shida na hidimatawa a matsayin Admin na Hausa Wikimedians User Group kamar yadda tsarin ƙungiya ya tanada,  ina miƙa buƙatata ga al’umma domin a sake duba yiwuwar ba ni wannan dama na wani sabon zango.
 
Ina da ƙuduri da niyyar ci gaba da ba da gudummawata domin bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia tare da kiyaye gaskiya,  adalci da haɗin kai. 
Ina roƙon al’umma da su sake ba ni amincewa domin ci gaba da hidima. 
Na gode da lokacinku da kulawarku.

[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 13:29, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] na amince sosai tare da goyan baya akan wannan kudiri me kyau [[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 20:51, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)


=== Support ===
:@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]]na amince domin kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:03, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
:na amince don ka cigaba da muhimmiyar aiki da ka faro wata shida da suka wuce. Allah ya kara basira da kwarin gwiwa  [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:07, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

*Ina goyon baya sosai, hakan ƙarin ci gaba ne a Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:41, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
* Ina goyon baya sosai akan hakan. Wannan cigaba ne ga Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya 
[[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 13:52, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
* Ina goyon bata dari bisa dari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:56, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya saboda wannan edita ya sake zama admin saboda ya cancanta kuma sake ba shi wannan damar zai ƙara haɓaka maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 20:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Sanarwa da Neman Goyon Baya ==


Barka da wannan lokaci

Ina fatan kuna lafiya, zanyi amfani da wannan damar domin in sanar daku cewa muna shirin gudanar da campaign mai take &quot;Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia should have&quot;, idan Allah ya yarda. Dan haka muke sanar daku tare da neman shawarar ku. Wannan campaign din zai kawo cigaba a ɓangaren ƙirƙira tare da inganta muƙalu da ake buƙata a Hausa Wikipedia. Nagode

[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 05:43, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' Allah ya bada nasara ya kuma sa a cimma manufa [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 07:11, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Support Hakan na da Karanci dan haka wannan abu me kyau ne kwarai kuma muna goyon bayan Allah ya bada saa  [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.206.75|105.112.206.75]] 09:18, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
:* support Allah ya bada saa muna goyon baya
:[[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:20, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
:Enah goyan bayanka [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] domin wanan campaign din zai kawo mana cigaba a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:47, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

'''Support''' Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaban al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 07:38, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

'''Support''' hakan yayi kuma yana da kyau, Allah ya bada sa'a da nasara akai [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 08:25, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
[[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]])
Support Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaan al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya mahmud maby (talk) 12:05 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari domin zai kawo ci gaba sosae a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 13:31, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

''' Support'''
Ina goyon bayan yin hakan Allah ya tabbatar da alkhari.
[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:06, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan fatan Allah ya ba da Nasara [[User:Mamman Ali|Mamman Ali]] ([[User talk:Mamman Ali|talk]]) 21:23, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
~~Ina goyan bayan hakan Allah ytabbatar da Alkairi~~

== Hausa Community Streets vox pop campaign==
 Barkan kuda wannan lokacin. 
 Ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa. muna shishirye shiryen kawo muku campaign Wanda zaiyi hira da mutanen arewacin nigeria akan yadda suka san Wikipedia da kuma yadda suma zasu fara gyara a cikinta. inda zaayi vidiyo din interview din a watsa a duniyar yanar gizo domin kowa ya gani kuma ya iya anfani dashi. a matsayina na content creator mai tasowa wannan damace sosai gamu hausawa baki daya. muna goyan bayanku zuwa wannan lokaci. mungode.
 [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 08:04, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
#[[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:36, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Muna goyon bayan wannan kamfe saboda shine na farko a wannan manhaja ta Hausa, hakika zai kawo cigaba ga jama'a. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 07:39, 29 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

Sanarwa da Neman Goyan baya  [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:50, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== WikiAcademics - Fadada Wikimedia a Jami'o'in Arewacin Najeriya ==

Assalamu alaikum,  

Kungiyar Hadaka Open Learning Network tana jagorantar wani aikin tallafi na Wikimedia Community Fund mai taken '''WikiAcademics''': Fadada Wikimedia a Jami’o’in Arewacin Najeriya&quot;.  

Manufar aikin:  
* Ƙarfafa ɗalibai da malaman jami’o’i su shiga aikin Wikipedia.  
* Samar da horo da koyarwa domin bunkasa rubuce-rubuce a Hausa Wikipedia.  

Cikakken bayani da aikace-aikace [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/WikiAcademics:Expanding_Wikimedia_in_Northern_Nigerian_Universities_(ID:_23544402) Na Nan].

Ku shiga, ku bada ra’ayi, ku taimaka wajen bunƙasa ilimi!  

'''Hadaka Open Learning Network'''

== Hausa Vital Articles III – Sabon Shiri don Inganta Hausa Wikipedia ==

Sannunku masu ba da gudunmawa.

Ina farin cikin sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia cewa, mun miƙa ƙarin wani shiri mai taken &quot;Hausa Vital Articles III&quot; ga Nigeria National Funding Program. 
Wannan shiri ne na cigaba daga inda muka tsaya a ayyukanmu na baya, wanda manufarsa ita ce mu ci gaba da haɓaka da kuma inganta muƙaloli (articles) masu matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin Hausa Wikipedia. Manufarmu ita ce mu tabbatar da cewa Hausa Wikipedia ta samu matsayin da ya kamata ta hanyar samar da ingantattun bayanai ga masu karatu.

[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 11:30, 8 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

=== Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ===
Assalamu alaikum yan uwa da abokan arziki editoci na Hausa Wikipedia.
Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku tare da neman goyon baya da shawarwari game da wani Rapid Grant mai taken '''Preserving Bauchi’s History and Culture Through Reliable Knowledge Creation on Wikimedia.''' da nake nema.
Manufar wannan aiki ita ce tattara da rubuta tarihi da al'adu game da abinda ya shafi Bauchi da ta hanyar inganta tsofaffin muƙaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin, bayanai, da hotuna a kan dandalan Wikimedia. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa tarihi da al’adun Bauchi sun samu tsari kuma sun kasance a bude ga kowa a duniya. [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 06:58, 28 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks  ==

Assalamualaikum Ina maku Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwa editors da kuma shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedis tare da fatan kowa yana lafiya amin. Bayan haka, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu shirya wani proposal mai taken:'''Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks''' da fatan zamu samu shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, harda ma gyare-gyaren ku. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 08:19, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

==Hausa Wiktionary Harmonization and Community Initiative Activities==

Barkan mu,ina mai farin cikin gayyatarku zuwa wurin shirin dazamu gudanar na cigaban aikin mu dan habaka Hausa Wiktionary ta hanyar inganta kalmomi wanda ya kunshi daura hoto,daura Audio da wasu sabbin ayyuka ma kamar su Synonym da Anagrams.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 23:20, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] An fidda lokaci da wuri? [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 09:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
::Yanzu hakadai project din yana under review,kome ake ciki zamu sanar daku nan gaba. [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 13:36, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
:::Ok nayi zatan har funding anyi, naji kace &quot;gayyata&quot;. Na fahimta yanzu. Kamar neman goyon baya kenan ko? To Allah ya tabbatar da hakan ina goyon baya. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 13:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
::::Ga link din discussion page domin nuna goyon baya:https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants_talk:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Hausa_Wiktionary_Harmonization_and_Community_Initiative_Activities_(ID:_23550226)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1. Nagode [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 12:20, 4 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Sanarwa akan biki zagayowar shekara ta wikidata ==

Barkan mu da war haka.

Ina mai farin chikin sanar da jama'ar wannan tafiya ta wikipedia Hausa cewa muna kokarin kaddamar da bukata na neman tallafi don gudanar da wayar da kai akan wikidata a Adamawa da kuma Nasarawa dafatan Allah ya bamu nasara Amin. [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 01:48, 31 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Voice For All ==
Barkan ku da wannan lokacin. 
Inama editocin Hausa fatan Alkhairi. nazo na sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen kawo muku campaign na mata a Wikipedia Hausa saboda haryanzu mun rasa kwararrun editoci mata a shafin mu, wanda idan muka duba wasu shafin Wikipedia zamuga yadda mata suke taka rawar gani sosai. da fatan wannan taro namu me taken Wikipedia Voice For All zai kawo cigaba ga matan mu editors. nagode [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 22:59, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support'''
Ina goyon bayan wannan shirin saboda karfafa mata akan ayyukan Wikipedia da kuma samun kwararrun editoci mata da masu wakilci ta bangaren mata. Allah ya bada Sa'a.
[[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 21:06, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

'''Support'''
Ina goyon bayan wannan yunƙuri na karfafa muradin mata da bayyana tarihin su a Wikipedia.
Na jima da ganin yadda gudummawar mata ke ƙaranci a cikin babbar kundin ilimi na duniya. Lokaci ya yi da za a gyara hakan.
Allah ya Bada sa'a [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 21:03, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Global discussion on Welcome messages ==

&lt;div lang{{=}}&quot;en&quot; dir{{=}}&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sorry that this message is in English. {{int:please-translate}}. There is a request for comment at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests for comment/Welcoming policy]] on a proposal to forbid sending [[:m:welcome messages|welcome messages]] to users who have not made an edit, which is currently in practice at your wiki. Your comment on this matter would be appreciated.&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:38, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

:Thank you for reaching out,  the welcome messags sent by new user have Tutorials on it, for new users it's better for them know how to edit on our Wiki first before practicing it in order to avoid violations.
:Thank you @[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] for reaching out. The welcome messages sent to new users contain tutorials. For new users, it's better for them to learn how to edit on our wiki first before practicing, in order to avoid violations. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 09:29, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

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== Murnar zagayowar Shakarar Wikidata a Gombe Network ==

Assalamu alaikum

Muna farin cikin sanar da ku cewa Gombe Network zata yi murnar zagayowar shekarar wikidata ta goma sha uku, kuma muna so mu yi amfani da wanna rana don fassara abubuwan wikidata zuwa yaren Hausa. Muna neman fatan alkhairi da kuma shwawarwari daga wannan alummah mai albarka. mun gode [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:00, 15 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani

Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. 

Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.'''

*Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|ha}}.
*Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali.

''Wasu sakamakon'':

*Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu  dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa
* Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90.

Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane  da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. 

'''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot; /&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

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== Neman Ci Gaba Da Zama Mai Gudanarwa ==

Assalamu alaikum yan’uwa masu bada gudunmawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia.  
Hakika ina daga cikin masu gudanarwa (administrators) a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, kuma ga shi wa'adin gudanarwata yana dab da ƙarewa, hakan ta sanya make fatan ci gaba da wannan aiki domin kula da tsari, tsafta, da kuma kare wannan shafi daga duk wani abin da zai iya kawo cikas ga ci gabansa.  
Saboda haka nake neman goyon bayan ku da amincewar ku domin in ci gaba da zama mai gudanarwa (administrator). Goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni da kuma al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya. Na gode. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 22:42, 26 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* :Ina bada goyon baya dari bisa dari [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 05:35, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
* :'''Support''' Ina mai bayyana goyon bayana a bisa ci gaba da kasancewrsa admin a Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A&amp;#39;isha A Ibrahim|A&amp;#39;isha A Ibrahim]] ([[User talk:A&amp;#39;isha A Ibrahim|talk]]) 13:40, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' hakika ka kasa ce edita mai bada gudummawa sosai a Hausa Wikipedia, dan haka sake baka wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ga shafin Hausa Wikipedia na bunƙasa shi, dan haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:54, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Tabbas Ina goyon bayan ka sake kasancewa Admin a karo na biyu. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 07:52, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Ina goyon baya sosai domin cigaba da kula da ayyukan editici da kuma kawo cigaba wajan gyara ayyukan da suka saɓa ƙa'ida. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:11, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Ina matukar goyon bayan wannan shawara ta sake zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia,sabi da ka kasance cikakken mai bada gudunmawa a Wikimedia baki daya don haka ina goyon bayan.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 13:16, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* Lallai wannan edita jajirtaccen ne wurin bada gudunmawa a wannan shafi na Wikipedia da sauran ƴan uwanta, ina goyon bayan ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai gudanarwa a wannan shafi '''Support''' [[User:Hamza DK|Hamza DK]] ([[User talk:Hamza DK|talk]])
* Ina goyan bayan samun wannan dama a karo na biyu. Hakan karin jawo cigaba ne ga Hausawa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])

* '''Support''' ina goyan bayan ka dan sake zama Admin saboda irin gudummawar da kake bayarwa.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 05:20, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*:Ina bada goyan baya akan ka zama mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewa da kuma gudunmawa da kake badawa a manhajar Wikipedia musamman a bangaren yaren Hausa.  [[User:Captain1044|Captain1044]] ([[User talk:Captain1044|talk]]) 11:46, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Neman Goyon Bayan Zama Mai Gudanarwa (Administrator) ==
Salam, Dafatan kuna lafiya Yan uwa.
ina mai neman goyon bayanku. na kasance mai gyara gyare a Wikipedia musan man ta Hausa tun 2019. inada sha'awar gyare gyare musan man akan abunda ya shafi ka'idojin rubutu, gaba dake tsakanin rubutu, saka manazarta da kuma gyara fassarori zuwa ga tabbacciyar ingantaciyar rubutu wanda za'a iya karantawa. Ina neman goyon bayanku. 
nagode. 
[[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 13:15, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:* '''Strongly Support SS ''' [[User:Omoty77|Omoty77]] ([[User talk:Omoty77|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:*:Gaskiya enah goyon bayan [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] kazama Admin sabo da ɗadewan da kayi kana bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 07:05, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:* '''Support''', ƙwararren edita ne kuma yana da kishi. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin.
:[[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 18:53, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Walaikumus Salam ɗan uwa. Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina goyon bayan wannan editan ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan alkhairi [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 13:34, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Ina go yan baya dari bisa dari. Saboda mun yaba da yanda yake jajircewa wajen wayan ma sababbin editors Kai da kuma basu gudun mawa wajen basu Illumin da yakamata wajen yin ingan tacen editing yada yakamata.
([[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 20:33, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC))

* '''Support''' Gaskiya ina goyon bayan ka dan zama Admin dari bisa dari domin gudummawar da kake badawa a wikipedia.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 04:25, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Tabbas wannan babban edita ya cancanci ya zama edita domin ya daɗe yana bada gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, sannan yana da gurin bunƙasa maƙalolin shafin Hausa Wikipedia, bashi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce gare mu baki ɗaya na cigaba da bunƙasa shafin Hausa Wikipedia, dan Haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:41, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' ƙwararren edita ne da ya daɗe yana bada gudummowa. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 11:00, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

* {{s}} Tabbas Hausa Wikipedia na bukatan kwararrun editoci wanda suka dade suna bada gudummawa da jajircewa wajen kawo cigaba a wannan shafi. Saboda haka ina goyon bayan haka.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 11:21, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*:* ''' Support''' Ina goyan bayan bama wannan editan admin ganin dacewar shi da kuma dadewar shi yana bada gudunmawa
*:[[User:Sadauki11|Sadauki11]] ([[User talk:Sadauki11|talk]]) 14:20, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Neman Zama Admin karo na biyu ==

Assalam, da fatan kuna lafiya. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku akan sabunta wa'adin zama Admin a karo na biyu domin kula da nagartaccin ayyuka da kuma tankaɗe ayyuka masu kyau. Nagode..  Bissalam.

[[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:36, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Support ina mai goyon bayan haka 100% duba da irin koqsrin dakake na ganin an inganta muqalu da jajircewa gurin koyarda sabbin editors  [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:24, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan sosai domin inganta hausa Wikipedia. Tabbas hakan zai kawo ci gaba [[User:Najeebbabi|Najeebbabi]] ([[User talk:Najeebbabi|talk]]) 13:42, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Ina goyon baya 100% domin jajirtaccen aikin da kakeyi a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Moherhh|Moherhh]] ([[User talk:Moherhh|talk]]) 13:47, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Ina goyon baya saboda jajircewa da kwazo na wannan edita.
*Support [[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 15:19, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)Ina goyon bayan hakan saboda kwazo da jajircewa wannan editan
*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari
*'''Support'''' Ina goyon baya [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:51, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*’’’Support’’’ Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa dari saboda hazaka da jajircewar wannan editan
*'''Support''': Tabbas ina goyon bayan sake kasancewarka mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewarka wajen ganin an tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia daga dukkan wani koma baya. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 19:33, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:*'''Support''' support 100% [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:53, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' ina goyan bayan sosai, domin cigaba da ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])

== Ku fadi ra'ayinku: zaben 2025 Kwamitin Amintattu ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Barkan mu,

Lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Zaɓen Kwamitin Amintattu]] ya buɗe. 'Yan takara na neman kujeru biyu (2) a Kwamitin.

Don duba cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a, da fatan za a ziyarci [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|shafin cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a]].

Ƙara koyo game da su ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|karanta bayanan aikace-aikacen su da kallon bidiyon takararsu]].

Lokacin da kun shirya, ku je zuwa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|shafin zabe na SecurePoll don kada kuri'a]].

'''Za a buɗe zaɓe daga 8 ga Oktoba a 00:00 UTC zuwa Oktoba 22 a 23:59 UTC.'''

Gaisuwa mafi kyau,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Shugaba, Kwamitin Zabe&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Sanarwa tare da neman goyon baya ==

Ƴan'uwa masu daraja dafatan kuna lafiya, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wiki Loves Africa 2026 In Kebbi and Niger insha Allah,  muna neman goyon bayan ku tare da haɗin kai da kuma shawarwarin da kuke ganin ya dace nagode. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:55, 21 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Kakaranta muƙalar da ƙyau kafin ka wallafa ta ==

Assallamu'alaikum malam [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] Sannu da ƙokari kalura da abin da kake fassarawa kafin ka wallafa, wanan muƙalan mai suna [[Labarin inganci abinci na Tarayyar Turai: Tarihin sauye-sauyen]] bata da Ma'ana ko ƙadan kaje ka inganta ta dan Allah in koma baga inganta ta ba zan gogeta nan da kwana biyu nagode [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 14:00, 22 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikifunctions will be deployed on your wiki on 2025-11-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hi all, we want to let you know that [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] is coming to your project soon! When enabled, you will be able to call functions from your project, and integrate them in your articles.

A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output. Think of adding up two numbers, or converting miles into metres, or calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. This is usually done with templates that are complicated to create or to import. With Wikifunctions, you will be able to do this with just a couple of clicks!

Please check out [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|these tutorials]] for more details. You’re also invited to [[:f:Special:CreateObject|create functions]] that you find useful, or [[:f:Wikifunctions:Suggest a function|ask for help from the Wikifunctions community]].

We would like to invite you to contribute to Wikifunctions, by translating the existing functions labels into your language, so that more users in your community can more easily reuse them on the project. You can also translate the messages for the Wikifunctions interface on TranslateWiki ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-wikilambda-ve&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here for VisualEditor messages], and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-wikilambda-user&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here for the Wikifunctions interface proper]).

Of course, we are happy to help in case there are questions or difficulties, and we are ready to listen to your feedback. Please ping me directly in case of necessity or reach out to me [[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|on my talk page]].
&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Hi all, unfortunately due to a technical problem we couldn't deploy Wikifunctions on your project. We will keep you updated about the next date of deployment. Thanks for your comprehension! [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:57, 6 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

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== Neman masu sa kai don shiga da dama daga cikin kwamitocin motsi. ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Kowace shekara, yawanci daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, da yawa daga cikin kwamitocin motsi suna neman sabbin masu sa kai. 

Kara karantawa game da kwamitocin akan shafukansu na Meta-wiki:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kwamitin Alaƙa (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Hukumar Ombuds (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kwamitin Binciken Harka (CRC)]]

Aikace-aikacen kwamitocin suna buɗe 30 Oktoba 2025. Aikace-aikace don Kwamitin Alaƙa, da kuma aikace-aikacen Hukumar Ombuds kuma Kwamitin Binciken Harka ya rufe 11 Disamba 2025. Koyi yadda ake nema ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|ziyartar shafin alƙawari akan Meta-wiki]]. Aika zuwa shafin magana ko imel cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org tare da kowace tambaya da kuke da ita.

Ga Tawagar Taimakon Kwamitin,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ko shawara ==

Assalamu Alaikum,

Yan'uwa editocin Wikipedia, dafatan kuna lafiya, ina amfani da wannan damar domin na sanar da ku shirin mu na Wikipedia birthday @ 25 karkashin Kaduna Network, shirin zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa wasu daga cikin makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da sauran su, dafatan zaku bamu goyon baya da haɗin kai [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 19:10, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Duplicate articles ==

Hello, this would be entirely in English as I do not speak or understand Hausa. 
These two articles are about the same topic, and I think they could be merged together: [[Ganuwar Benin]] and [[Benin Moat]]. I will suggest merging the contents of [[Ganuwar Benin]] into [[Benin Moat]] or whichever works best.
Pinging editors who I think could handle this, anyone else could: {{ping|Uncle Bash007|Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Gwanki|Pharouqenr}}

Thank you, and happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:18, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Thank you @[[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] i have noticed it, and [[Ganuwar Benin]] is more reliable than [[Benin Moat]]. So i have deleted [[Benin Moat]] now. And thank you for reaching out and wishing you all the best. 
:&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 07:30, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] You could redirect [[Benin Moat]] to [[Ganuwar Benin]], since it is more or less the English name, instead of nuking it entirely. 
::Happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:31, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Sanarwa, akan Zamar Karshen shekara a Gombe Network ==

Muna sanar da jama'ar mu chewa Wikimedia User Group Nigeria, Gombe Network, tana kokarin neman tallafi na gudanar da zaman karshen shekara don kara sanayya da fihimta game da shiryeshiryen mu na shekara mai zuwa [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 21:36, 14 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

== Neman admin akaro na biyu ==
{{Atop|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:21, 22 Disamba 2025 (UTC)}}
Ina neman goyon bayanku domkn kasancewa admin akaro na biyu domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na gari da kuma bada gudumuwa ta hanyar taimakon editoci. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 10:52, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

===Support===
#'''Support''' Tabbas ina goyon baya sosai. Hakan zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 11:07, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)
#'''Support''' Haƙiƙa wannan edita ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin editocin dake ƙoƙarin bunƙasa shafukan Hausa Wikipedia, tabbas sake ba shi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ta cigaba da tsaftace maƙalolin dake Hausa Wikipedia tare da inganta su dan haka ina goyon baya. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:15, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)
#'''Goyan baya''' Ina mai goyan bayan ba ka damar mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu, duba da hakan zai taimaka wajen kara kawo cigaba da ma tsaftace Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])
# Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa Dari domin cigaban Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 23:27, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

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== Neman Zama Admin Ƙaro Na Biyu  ==
{{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:48, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}}
Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Ina fatan kuna cikin ƙushien  lafiya. Enah Wannan rubutu nawa ne domin sake gabatar da buƙatata karo na biyu na samun damar zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia. A baya na riga na gabatar da irin wannan buƙata, kuma a wannan karo ina ƙara jaddada sha’awata da ƙudirin da nake da shi na ci gaba da yi wa Hausa Wikipedia hidima.
Na dade ina ba da gudunmawa ta hanyar ƙirƙira, gyarawa da inganta muƙaloli, tare da taimakawa sababbin masu gyara su fahimci ka’idoji da tsarin aikin Wikipedia. Ina da cikakken shiri da niyyar ɗaukar nauyin da ke tattare da matsayin Admin, musamman wajen kula da muƙaloli, da dakile masu lalata muƙala, da tabbatar da ingancin bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia.
Ina roƙon Editors din Hausa Wikipedia da su sake duba wannan buƙata ta tare da ni, tare da ba ni wannan dama idan sun ga na cancanta. Zan yi farin cikin karɓar duk wata shawara ko gyara da za ta taimaka wajen inganta aikina
Nagode. [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 09:46, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)

:Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina mai goyon bayan ka domin zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia saboda jajurcewar ka wajen inganta rubutan Hausa a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan Allah ya bada nasara ameen. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 17:23, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

===Support===
#ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:42, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
#Ina goyon baya sosai... hakan zai kawo cigaba [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:49, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
# enah goyan bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyi sabo da jajir cewanka [[User:Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo|talk]]) 21:06, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
#Kasancewar ka edita mai bada gudummawa a kusan koda yaushe, ina goyon baya domin sake baka damar zai ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 22:07, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
# Ina goyon Bayan ka sake Zama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajircewar ka Hakan Zai Kara kawo cigaba sosae[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 22:14, 29 Disamba 2025 
# ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia domin yana kawo wa [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 05:16, 30 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
# enah goyan bayanka kazama Admin karo na biyu sabo da ƙoƙarin da kake yi [[User:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|Asma,u Khamis hussaini]] ([[User talk:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|talk]]) 17:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Ifteehern|Ifteehern]] ([[User talk:Ifteehern|talk]]) 17:25, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya sosai sabida zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon baya, Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina goyan bayan kazama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajir cewarka [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:42, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyan bayan kasancewar ka a matsayin mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu a sakamakon irin jajircewa da gudummawar da kake bayarwa domin tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 18:22, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon bayan sake dawowar ka... Allah ya taimaka. [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 18:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== Neman Admin a karo na biyu ==
{{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:47, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}}
Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 10:00, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
#Ina goyon byan hakan domin zai kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 18:13, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#ina mai goyon  bayen hakan domin hakan zai kawo cigaba gaba sosai a wikipedia [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]]) 21:11, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 22:03, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina Mai goyan bayan hakan
#ina gonyon baya dari bisa dari dan zai kawo kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 22:06, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina mai bada goyon baya dari bisa dari akan wannan domin zai kawo cigaba sosai. [[User:Abdoulmerlic|Abdoulmerlic]] ([[User talk:Abdoulmerlic|talk]])
#'''Support''', duba da irin gudunmawarka a ko yaushe, hakan zai kawo cigaba wajen ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])
# Ina goyon baya Dari bisa Dari [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 11:49, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:35, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon bayan ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 12:41, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) 
# [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) Ina Goyan bayan hakan domin zaya kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]])
#[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina gonyan baya dari bisa Dari kazamu admin Dan kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:33, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:49, 9 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#'''SUPPORT'''...Ina goyon bayan wannan Kuduri [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:45, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== Sanarwa ==
Muna sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia game da shirin '''Celebrating International Women’s Day Through The Wikimedia Projects 2026''', wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa wakilcin mata da haɓaka gudunmawar su a ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a harshen Hausa. Muna maraba da ra’ayoyi da shawarwari daga al’umma. [[User:Sirjat|Sirjat]] ([[User talk:Sirjat|talk]]) 11:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

==

==Logo don murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25==
{{Atop|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 16:18, 22 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}}
[[File:WP25 potential birthday logo-ha.svg|link=|thumb|right|280px|Logon murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25]]

A cikin wannan watan Wikipedia ke cika shekaru ashirin da biyar da kafuwa. Inason yin amfani da wannan lokaci domin taya daukacin editocin Hausa Wikipedia murnar cikar wannan shekaru. Wannan babbar nasara ce garemu baki daya.

Saboda murnar wannan lokacin, ina son mu canza logon mu domin taya Wikipedia murna.

A nan gefe zaku iya ganin sabon hoton logon murnar, wanda aka fassara da Hausa daga logon Turanci wanda Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta bada saboda murnar zagayowar lokacin.

Idan kuna goyon bayan haka sai ku rubuta a nan ƙasa. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 09:03, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
# Ina goyon baya sosai domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 18:49, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 08:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Yayi kyau, ina goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 09:00, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#'''Support''' ina goyon baya [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai, ina kuma taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 05:41, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon Baya domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekara 25[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 13:33, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== SANARWA TARE DA NEMAN GOYON BAYA ==

Assalamu alailum, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wikipedia a jihar Niger insha Allah, wanda shirin zai bunƙasa shafukan Wikipedia da kuma yan'uwanta, sannan shirin zai bunƙasa samar da sabbin esitoci a Hausa Wikipedia. Allah ya bamu sa'a da nasara [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 12:26, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia ==

Assalamu Alaikum editoci masu albarka,fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya Allah yasa haka ne amin. Ina mai amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku da neman goyon bayanku game da kasancewa na admin a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. In a fatan mu cigaba da kasancewa lafiya amin ya Rabbal alamin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 10:52, 13 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
# Ina goyon baya.. Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 16:05, 14 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya. I support  [[User:Anasysmart|Anasysmart]] ([[User talk:Anasysmart|talk]]) 07:12, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyan baya 100% ..Allah ya taimaka [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 09:59, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# enah goyon bayanka kazama Admin sbd jajircewanka a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:14, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sanarwa  ==

assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa na editors, Ina sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal game da '''Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausaal Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausa'''. Idan akwai shawarwari ko ƙarin bayani a shirye nake da yin amfani da su. Nagode sosai. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 20:22, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

muna goyan bayan sa saboda jajir ciwar shi [[User:Musa650|Musa650]] ([[User talk:Musa650|talk]]) 07:19, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ==

Barkann mu da wannan lokacin yan'uwana editoci, muna shirin gudanar da wani taro nan bada jimawa ba a jihar Plateau, dan haka nake sanar da ku tare da neman shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, Nagode [[User:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu]] ([[User talk:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|talk]]) 20:25, 17 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwatarwa ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ina rubuto maka ne domin sanar da kai cewa an buɗe lokacin bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwtarwa. Kana iya ba da shawarwari kan sauye-sauye har zuwa 9 ga Fabrairu, 2026. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko cikin jerin matakai da za a ɗauka domin bitar shekara-shekara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Karanta ƙarin bayani kuma ka samu tattaunawa da za ka shiga a shafin UCoC a Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Daidaita Aiwatar da Universal Code of Conduct]] (U4C) wata ƙungiya ce ta duniya da ta sadaukar da kai wajen tabbatar da adalci da daidaitaccen aiwatar da UCoC. Wannan bitar shekara-shekara an tsara ta kuma an aiwatar da ita ne ta hannun U4C. Don samun ƙarin bayani da kuma fahimtar nauyin da ke kan U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kana iya duba Kundin Tsarin U4C]].

Da fatan za a raba wannan bayanin zuwa ga wasu mambobi a cikin al'ummarku inda ya dace.

-- A cikin haɗin gwiwa da U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|tattaunawa]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

21:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Sanarwa game da shirin kaddamar da project na WikiFemme Learning Lab in Bauchi  ==

Assalamu alaikum,

Muna sanar da fara aikin WikiFemme Learning Lab In Bauchi, wani aikin Rapid Fund daga Wikimedia Community Fund da ke nufin ƙarfafa mata su shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman Wikipedia. Aikin zai ba da horo da tallafi don mata su koyi gyara da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ilimi, tare da rage gibi a wakilcin mata a cikin abun da ke kan Wikipedia.

Muna gayyatar al’umma su ba da shawarwari da goyon baya domin tabbatar da nasarar wannan aiki da ƙara tasirinsa a Bauchi da kewaye.

Na gode. [[User:Santa MMD|Santa MMD]] ([[User talk:Santa MMD|talk]]) 22:02, 27 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects ==

Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa da shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa Editors na wannan manhajar cewa, zamu rubuta proposal game da &quot;'''Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects'''&quot; muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwarin ku, Nagode sosai.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:19, 29 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia ==

Assalamu Alaikum sanunku da warhaka, ina shirya neman Wikimedia Rapid Fund don aiki a kan inganta **bayanan lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia**. Aikin, *&quot;Bridging Women’s Health Knowledge in Hausa,&quot;* zai ƙunshi fassara labarai masu kyau daga Wikipedia ta Ingilishi zuwa Hausa, wanda ya shafi batutuwa kamar lafiyar uwa, lafiyar haila, lafiyar haihuwa, da cututtukan da ke shafar mata. Muna kuma shirin ɗaukar nauyin  horo ta hanyar intanet da kuma aikin editing don tallafawa sabbin editoci da ƙwararru wajen koyon yadda ake fassara da inganta abubuwan lafiya ta amfani da nassoshi masu inganci.

Wannan shiri zai faɗaɗa samun ingantattun bayanai game da lafiya a cikin Hausa Wikipedia musamman ga mata, sa' anan zai rage gibin ilimi da ke da alaƙa da lafiyar mata, da kuma ƙarfafa janyo sabin edtoci zuwa shiga cikin al'ummar Hausa Wikimedia. Muna maraba da ra'ayoyin al'umma kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci, sha'awar shiga a matsayin edita ko mai ba da shawara, da duk wani shawarwari da za su iya taimakawa wajen inganta wannan aiki. Ra'ayoyinku za su taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa aikin ya cika buƙatun al'umma kuma yana da tasiri mai ma'ana. [[User:Umabruka|Umabruka]] ([[User talk:Umabruka|talk]]) 20:54, 1 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 ==

Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 11:26, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia  ==

Assalamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci a wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 22:49, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

===Support===
#Ina goyon baya sosai. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 23:05, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
# enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:45, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
#:ina Mai goyon Baya Dari bisa Dari[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:08, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon bayan zaman wannan ƙwararren edita ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia, domin ina da tabbacin zai taimaka da ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin da ke Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbin maƙaƙolin, dan haka ina hoyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:11, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026
# Ina Matugar Nuna goyon baya akan hakan [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-85864-0|&amp;#126;2026-85864-0]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-85864-0|talk]]) &lt;span style=&quot; color:Green ; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Muktee1494&lt;/span&gt;
# ina goyon baya  don inganta wikipedia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 06:31, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya don kwazo day jajircewar wannan edita[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 08:19, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
#inagoyon baya dari bisa dari Allah yataimaka[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 21:36, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wikimedia knowledge sharing in America University of Nigeria ==
Assalamu alaikum jama,a naxo ne  domin in sanar da ku cewa na shirya wani aiki da zai wayar da kan jama'a game da harkar Wikimedia a Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya. Dake garin Adamawa Aikin yana da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da ayyukan Wikimedia da horar da sabbin editoci kan yadda za su ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarwarinku  domin samun nasarar aikin. na gode. [[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 15:16, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

:Sannu da kokari, amma babu cikakken bayani game da aikin dan haka bamu san wacce irin shawara zamu bayar ba. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 13:19, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Campaign in Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria ==

assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign  mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:00, 10 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

:Wa'alaika Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Ko zamu iya samun ƙarin bayani game da gangamin? Yana da kyau a rinka saka cikakken bayani saboda kada a samu hadaka wajen gudanar da irin wannan aikin. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 13:21, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] An dakatar da maganar wannan aiki sai nan gaba. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 14:23, 17 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki For Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games ==

Assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwana editoci na wannan manhajar, ina mai sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal mai taken '''Wiki for Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games'''. Ina mai neman goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku.Nagode@[[User:Salahu Gwanki|Salahu Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Salahu Gwanki|talk]]) 18:39, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Taron Infectious Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria on Hausa Wikipedia ==

Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria. Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin lafiya. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:54, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 ==

Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 16:47, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Taron karawa juna sani na administrators ==

Assalam,

Ina mai farin cikin sanarwa cewa zamu gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na masu kula da shafukan Hausa Wikipedia don kara gogewa game da ayyukan kula da shafukan Wikipedia. Wannan taro zai nunawa admin muhimmancin aikinsu musamman a wannan lokaci da bayanan karya ke da saukin yaduwa.

Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 16:30, 13 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State ==

Assalaalaikum, 

Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwana editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhajar ta Hausa Wikipedia, inama kowa fatan alheri. Bayan haka, ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta proposal game da '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State''' insha Allahu. Muna neman shawarwarin ku da neman goyon bayan ku, da kuma ƙarin haske ko bayani. Nagode sosai, Sanarwa daga @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 15:59, 14 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Sanarwa ==

Assalamu alaikum ƴan'uwa masu albarka, ina amfani da wannan damar domin sanar da ku shirin mu na gudanar da taro a makarantun gaba da secondary a Daura, wannan wannan shirin insha Allah zai buƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia, Wikidata, sanya hotuna masu inganci uwa uba tare da samar da sabbin editoci masu sa kai a shafukan Hausa Wikipedia da ƴan'uwanta, ina neman goyon bayan ku. Na gode daga Yusuf Sa'adu [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:11, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:24, 17 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]].

We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community.
* Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently &lt;code&gt;&quot;:n&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;:0&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;:1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;book_reference-1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).
* Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name.
* Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation).
* Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. &quot;title&quot; or &quot;last&quot;+&quot;first&quot;) – defined by the community.

=== Feedback ===
[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]].

'''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism.
We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic.

Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings.

Thank you for participating!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|hira]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:15, 19 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Shirye shiryen taron Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria ==

Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa mun fara shirye-shiryen gudanar da &quot;campaign dinmu na Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria&quot;. Wannan taron zai kara inganta Hausa Wikipedia akan muƙalu da suka shafi Ilimi. Nagode [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:01, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki For Women-Focused Digital Skills, Photo Walks, and Audio Recording in Kaduna Hausa Communities ==

Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, in yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan ina man barka da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, zan gudanar da taron karawa juna ilimi kamar yadda taken shi yake a sama. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku da kuma bada shawarwari da zasu ciya da wannan aiki gaba. Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi.  Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 15:30, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikipedia User Retention Workshop ==
Salamu Alaikum warahmatullah. yan uwa masu albarka. ina mana fatan alkahiri da kuma fatan an gama Azumi kuma anyi Sallah lafiya. mafi yawan cin lokaci muna hada taruka kuma muna kawo sabbin editoci.amma da an gama taron ko gasar shikenan saika ga wannna sabbin editocin sun daina gyara da kuma rubutu a Wikipedia. wannna matsala ce babba. muna da sama da editoci dubu arbain amma bamu da tsayyen editoci ko dari biyar. wannna taron zaiyi gyara akan haka. ina mai neman goyon bayanku dan wannan aiki. nagode sosai. ku bada shawarwarinku a kasan wannan rubutun. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 07:00, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)


== Sanarwa Da Neman Goyon Baya ==
Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa da abokan arziki editor's na wannan gida mai Albarka ina yima kowa fatan Alkairi tare da fatan kowa yayi bikin sallah lafiya,ina mai amfani da wannan dama wajen neman goyon bayan ku akan proposal dana nema mai taken Documentin and Enhancing Agricultural and Environmental Vocabulary on Hausa Wiktionary . Wannan project zai cike gibin da muke dashi na karancin kalmomin da suka danganci noma da muhalli a Hausa Wiktionary. Bissalam mu kwana lafiya Allah ya sadamu da Alkairan sa.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 19:49, 28 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Kamfe na Wikiquote a Daura ==

Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu gudanar da kamfe don wayar da kai game da WIkiquote a Daura a wannan zagaye. Da fatan zaku bamu gudummawa. Nagode [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 06:48, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Trend Video  Awareness Campaigns==
Salam, yan uwa. duba da koma baya da ake samu a Wikipedia da sauran yan uwanta. muke shirin kawo muku video awareness wanda zai zama kamar drama haka.domin samun hankali da kuma kulawar al'ummar mu dake anfani da shafuka na internet.ku fada mana ra'ayinku.&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aliyu shaba&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Aliyu shaba|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:30, 28 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons ==

Assalamualikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabannin wannan manhajar da ƴan uwansa editors Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa na rubuta proposal game da '''Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons''' wanda insha Allahu za'a gudanar da shi a Jihar Adamawa. Muna neman. Nagode sosai @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:20, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Wikimedia Awareness for educated/elite women in Northern Nigeria ==

Assalamu Alaikum,

Ina mai mika gaisuwa ta girmamawa ga daukacin 'yan uwan wannan shafi. Na rubuta wannan wasika ne domin gabatar da shirinmu a hukumance, wanda zamu tsara domin fadakarwa da kuma karfafa gwiwar mata masana da masu ilimi a fadin Arewacin Najeriya. Babban burin wannan aiki shi ne samar da karin mata editoci a Wikipedia daga yankinmu, tare da daukaka matsayin mata wajen rike mukaman shugabanci a karkashin gidauniyar Wikimedia. Ta hanyar wannan horo, mahalarta za su samu kwarewa ba kawai a fannin gyara Wikipedia ba, har ma da karfin gwiwar taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tafiya. [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Wikimedia_Awareness_for_educated/elite_women_in_Northern_Nigeria]]

[[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 11:49, 2 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

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== Neman Kasancewa Admin a karo na Uku ==

Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na uku domin cigaba da tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
#Ina goyon baya domin cigaban wikipidia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 21:19, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon Bayan Hakan Dari bisa Dari Domin cigaban Wikipedia[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 21:30, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
#ina mai goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari dan kawo cigaba. [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 21:27, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
#[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari
#Ina goyon baya sosai. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 21:38, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyen bayen hakan dari Bisa dari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai ~~
#Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 22:18, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Don cigaba da tsabtacewa gami da bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia, muna bukatar jajirtattu irinka.Lallai ina goyon bayan hakan [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])
# enah goyon bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyu sbd jajircewan ka akan Kula da mukaloli a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:55, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa Dari sosai sosai[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 05:28, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai domin Yana kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 05:57, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Tabbas ka kasance daga cikin jajirtaccin Admins a Hausa Wikipedia, faruwar hakan nasara ce babba a wannan man haja. Fatan Alkhairi. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 06:13, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai saboda gudummawar da kake bayarwa a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 06:16, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== Taron Hausa STEM, Engineering and Sustainable Development Knowledge Expansion Project ==

Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna &quot;Hausa STEM, Engineering and Sustainable Development Knowledge Expansion Project&quot; Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi Kimiyya, Fasaha, Lissafi, da kuma Injiniyanci. [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:53, 7 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Taron Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaigns for Preserving Heritage, Improving Knowledge Access, and Promoting Inclusion through Photo Contests and Training Programs ==

Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna &quot;Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaigns for Preserving Heritage, Improving Knowledge Access, and Promoting Inclusion through Photo Contests and Training Programs&quot; Domin ingantawa da kuma dora hotuna a wiki Commons. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 17:48, 11 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Bauchi State  ==

Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa na editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedians, inama kowa fatan alheri tare sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta Grant project mai taken '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Bauchi State'''. Dan haka muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwari ko gyara.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 17:30, 15 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== SheSaid Hausa 2026- Phase IV ==

Assalam, 

Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na SheSaid na Hausa a karo na hudu wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin September zuwa Oktoba in Allah ya yarda. 

Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 07:46, 20 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Shirin gudanar da taron Cultivating Knowledge: Hausa Wikipedia Agriculture 2026 Campaign ==

Assalam,

Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na Cultivating Knowledge:Hausa Wikipedia Agriculture 2026 Campaign na Hausa a karo na farko  wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin September zuwa Oktoba in Allah ya yarda.

Bissalam [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 17:03, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|hira]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

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== Empowering Women Changing the World ==
Assalamu alaikum Al Umman Hausa Wikipedia naxo ne na sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Empowering Women Changing the World. Domin cigaban matan mu na Arewa kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin mata. Nagode [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Umar_Aliyu/Empowering_Women_Changing_the_World#Resources]]
[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 12:03, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC)
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== Neman zama admin na din din din ==

assalamu alaikum ina neman goyon bayanku na kasan cewa admin na din din din domin tabbata da ingancin wannan man haja ta wikipedia da kuma taimakawa sabin editoci batare da samin tsaiko ba wajen gudanar da aiki nagode. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 19:50, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)

:[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 16:52, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ina mai goyon baya

==Support==
*Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 19:58, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari....[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 17:25, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)

*Ina goyon baya sosai.

== Support ==

Ina goyon Bayan haka, sakamakon gudummuwar da kake badawa. [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 20:13, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari ~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:05, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)
::# support [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 17:39, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)ina mai goyon baya

== Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have 2026 Campaign Phase II ==

Assalam,

Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na '''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have 2026 Campaign Phase II''' a karo na biyu wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin Disamba zuwa Janairu in Allah ya yarda.

Bissalam, [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 19:30, 1 Satumba 2026 (UTC)


== Preserving Hausa Indigenous Health Knowledge Through Wikipedia: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Practices and Indigenous Health Terminology ==

Assalamualaikum,
Ina mai farincin amfani da wannan dama wajen sanar daku cewa muna shirin kaddamar da kamfen na '''Preserving Hausa Indigenous Health Knowledge Through Wikipedia: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Practices and Indigenous Health Terminology''' wanda zai gudana acikin watan Disamba [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:20, 5 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki for Social Change by Addressing Women and Child Vulnerability through Open Knowledge and Community Engagement in Northern Nigeria ==
Assalamu Alaikum Jama'an wannan gida mai albarka. in mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa, akwai taron wayar da kai da kara wa juna sani daza mu gudanar a Jihar Taraba Jalingo insha'allahu daga shekaran nan zuwa farkon sekara mai zuwa. Muna bukatar shawar warin ku tare da neman goyon bayan ku. Fatan Allah yayi mana jagora amin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 11:13, 11 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Bilkisu mahmood  ==
bilkisu mah [[User:Bilkeesi|Bilkeesi]] ([[User talk:Bilkeesi|talk]]) 14:13, 12 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Neman izinin zama admin na din din din ==
aslm ina mai neman goyon bayanku domin zama admin na din din din domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na kwarai a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 12:23, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
===Support===

* ina mai goyan bayan hakan dari bisa dari duba da Irin gudummuwar da kakebadawa a wannan kafa[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 12:31, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
* Ina goyon baya saboda muhimmiyar gudummuwar da yake badawa a Hausa wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:25, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya sosai. Wannan editan ya cancanci wannan muƙamin. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 09:19, 20 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya sosai 
[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 10:47, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani

Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. 

Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.'''

* Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|ha}}.
* Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali.

''Wasu sakamakon'':

* Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu  dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa
* Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90.

Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane  da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. 

'''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

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== Neman Admin Na Din-din ==
Assalamu alaikum

Jama'a barkan mu da wannan lokaci fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya. Inason inyi amfani da wannan damar don neman kasancewa admin (mai kula da shafuka a Hausa wikipedia) na din-din. Nayi admin na wucin gadi har sau biyu a Hausa wikipedia, wannan dalilin ne yasa nake ganin akwai bukatar in nema admin na din-din, don saukake mun ci gaba da ayyukan admin ba tare da wani mushaqqa ba. Fatan yan'uwa editoci zaku bani goyon baya domin samun damar ci gaba da ayyukan admin a Hausa wikipedia. Na gode, Ina ma kowa fatan nasara! [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 14:01, 17 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
Ina mai goyon baya bisa wannan cigaba [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 09:01, 21 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Kamfen Faith and Knowledge in Hausa: Documenting Religious History, People and Heritage ==
Assalam. Muna farin cikin sanar daku kamfen da zamu gudanar cikin watan Disamba zuwa junairu mai taken '''Faith and Knowledge in Hausa: Documenting Religious History, People and Heritage''' kamfen din zai maida hankali wajan ƙirƙirar muƙalu da suka shafi addinai a Hausa Wikipedia. nagode [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 19:47, 21 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki Economics - Za ku so ku taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar kayan aiki na ma'aunin lafiyar al'umma  ==
Sannu kowa,

''An shirya wannan sigar ne da taimakon kayan aikin fassara ta atomatik da AI. Don Allah a gyara harshen, kalmomin fasaha ko abin da ke ciki; muna maraba da kowace taimako. Sigar Turanci tana biye a ƙasa.''

Sannu, ni Wikimedian ne daga Faransa da ke aiki kan yanayin karatu da gyare-gyare a cikin harkarmu. Na ga cewa muna rasa kayan aiki masu sauƙin amfani don ganin da kuma bibiyar lafiyar al'ummomin masu gyara a tsawon lokaci, don haka na fara Wiki Economics.

Me ya sa Wiki Economics? Domin da farko ina amfani da alamomin tattalin arziki na ƙasa baki ɗaya wajen ƙirƙirar samfurin lafiyar al'umma (wannan shi ne wurin farawa na), amma ina ƙara wasu alamomi a hankali.

Wannan sigar beta ce. Ina amfani da hawiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na rukunin farko na nazari, tare da sigogin harsuna da aka zaɓa don rufe yankuna, harsuna da girman al'umma daban-daban. Ba ta cika ba, saboda haka ana maraba musamman da ra’ayoyinku game da abubuwan da suka ɓace, matsaloli ko abubuwan gida da ke bayyana tsarin da ba a saba gani ba.

Wannan rukunin na farko zai taimaka wajen gano matsaloli, bayanan da suka ɓace da muhimman abubuwan gida, kamfen, sauye-sauyen manufofi ko wani yanayi da zai iya bayyana tsarin da ba a saba gani ba. Manufar ita ce mu koyi daga ra’ayoyin al'ummomi kafin mu faɗaɗa ɗaukar bayanai.

Da zarar an rufe nau'ikan Wikipedia yadda ya kamata, zan yi haka ga dukkan ayyukan Wikimedia.

Wannan aiki ne na tallafa wa al'ummomi, ba rahoton hukuma na Wikimedia Foundation ba. Ba ya amfani da bayanan sirri, bayanan CheckUser ko API da ba na jama'a ba. Kowane sakamako yana ɗauke da lokacin bayanan, ma'anoni, hanya, tushe da taka-tsantsan. Wasu alamomi na iya kasancewa babu su ko ba su dace da wannan wiki ba, kuma bai kamata a ɗauki lokacin da bai cika ba a matsayin cikakkiyar yanayin shekara ba. Ana samun bayani da ma'anoni a [[m:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|shafin Wiki Economics na Meta-Wiki]].

Don ganin ƙididdiga: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/#choose-wiki zaɓi Wikipedia] ko ka shiga bayanin martabar hawiki kai tsaye: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/gdp?wiki=hawiki].

Zan yi farin ciki da ra’ayoyinku game da:

* Shin ma'anoni sun dace da yadda wannan al'umma ke aiki?
* Shin akwai hanyoyin sintiri/bita na gida, kamfen na bots, sauye-sauyen manufofi ko abubuwan da suka faru da ke bayyana ƙimomi marasa saba?
* Waɗanne alamomi ne masu amfani, masu rikitarwa ko suka ɓace?

Da fatan a raba ra'ayoyi ko a wannan shafi ko a [[m:Talk:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|shafin tattaunawar Wiki Economics a Meta-Wiki]]. Ana samun lambar tushe a [[github:schiste/wiki-economics|GitHub]]. Na gode da taimaka min wajen sa binciken ya zama mai amfani ga dukkan al'ummominmu. [[User:Schiste|Schiste]] ([[User talk:Schiste|talk]]) 12:28, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

=== Wiki Economics - Would you like to help create a community health metrics tool ===
Hello everyone,

Hi, I'm a French Wikimedian working on readership and editorship trends across our movement. I felt we were lacking accessible tools to look at and monitor the health of our editing communities over time, so I started Wiki Economics.

Why Wiki Economics? I started by using macroeconomic indicators to model community health (that was my starting point), and I add other indicators over time.

This is a beta. I am using hawiki as part of the first analysis batch, alongside language editions selected to cover different geographies, languages, and community sizes. It is not perfect and, as a result, your feedback about missing things, problems, or local events that explain unusual patterns is especially welcome.

This first batch should help identify issues, missing information, and important local events, campaigns, policy changes, or other context that may explain unusual patterns. The goal is to learn from community feedback before expanding coverage.

Once the Wikipedia editions are covered properly, I’ll do the same for all Wikimedia projects.

This is a community-facing project, not an official Wikimedia Foundation report. It uses no private data, CheckUser data, or non-public APIs. Each result includes its snapshot, definitions, methods, provenance, and caveats. Some indicators may be unavailable or not applicable, and an incomplete period should not be read as a full-year trend. Background and definitions are on [[m:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|the Wiki Economics page on Meta-Wiki]].

To view the statistics: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/#choose-wiki choose a Wikipedia] or directly access hawiki’s profile: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/gdp?wiki=hawiki].

I would appreciate your feedback on:

* Do the definitions match how this community works?
* Are there local patrol/review mechanisms, bot campaigns, policy changes, or events that explain unusual values?
* Which indicators are useful, misleading, or missing?

Please share feedback either on this page or on [[m:Talk:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|the Wiki Economics talk page on Meta-Wiki]]. The codebase is available on [[github:schiste/wiki-economics|GitHub]]. Thank you for helping me make the analysis more useful to all our communities.[[User:Schiste|Schiste]] ([[User talk:Schiste|talk]]) 12:28, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:16, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&amp;oldid=31067455 --&gt;

== Hausa Wikipedia Strengthening and Stub Articles Rebuilding &amp; Hausa Wiktionary Edit-a-thon and Entries Clean-up  ==
Jama'a Hausawa masu albarka barkan ku da kokari. Ina jinjina maku akan namijin aikin da kuke yi ba dare ba rana, na kara bukasa Wikipedia ta hausa. Kada in sha'afa ina mai sanar da ku zamu gabatar da taron Wikipedia ta hausa da kuma wiktionary don kara habaka Wikipedia hausa da wiktionary. Dubun godiya a gare ku. [[User:M I Idrees|M I Idrees]] ([[User talk:M I Idrees|talk]]) 09:01, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wikiqoute Awareness in Daura ==
Assalam ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku zamu gudanar da taron wikiqoute a daura da fatan zaku samu damar halarta [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 12:59, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Hausa Green Ecosystem Translation Campaign ==
Assalamu Alaikum yan'uwa barka da wannan lokaci, ina sanar daku cewa na rubuta proposal mai taken &quot;Hausa Green Ecosystem Translation Campaign&quot; wanda zamu gudanar a watan Disamba in Allah ya yarda. [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 13:50, 26 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Training and Editathon at Amlak Technology CBT Center Gusau, Zamfara State ==
Assalamu Alaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatahu. Ina farincin sanar daku akan project din danayi proposing metakin suna &quot; Wikipedia Training and Editathon at Amlak Technology CBT center Gusau, Zamfara State&quot; wanda zai kasan a watan December in Allah ya kaimana rai. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarware akan wannan project din. kofa abude take dan bada gudun mawan ku. Nagode. 

[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|AY&amp;#39;Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 13:43, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Tattaunawa Don Ciyar da Wikipedia Gaba==
Salamullahi Alaikum. Ina Kanawa, Ina mutanen arewacin Nigeria. Ina anfani da wannan damar sanar daku cewa tattauna nanan zuwa Jihar Kano domin sanin yadda ake anfani da Wikipedia a arewacin Nigeria. Ina neman goyon bayan ku. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 16:41, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Neman Zaman Admin==
Assalamualaikum ina Neman Zaman Admin a Hausa Wikipedia domin na samun damar ci gaba da aiwatar da aiyukan gudanarwa na bunkasa Hausa Wikipedia.
Domin bani goyon baya a saka suna da bayani a kasa.[[User:Saad Nuhu|Saad Nuhu]] ([[User talk:Saad Nuhu|talk]]) 12:38, 29 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

==Closing the Gender Gap on Hausa Wikipedia==
Assalamu Alaikum Al’uman wannan gida mai Albarka shuwagabani da yan uwana editoci ina muku barka da wannan lokaci. Ina sanar daku cewa zamu gudanar da wayar dakai na matan Hausa Wikipedia nan bada jimawa ba idan Allah ya kaimu ina Neman goyan bayan ku da shawarwarinku Nagode.[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 20:52, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

=== Goyon baya ===
*

==Empowering Knowledge Through Wikimedia at American University of Nigeria==
Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, ina yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan barkanku da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, muna shirin wayarda ilimin Wikipedia a jami’an American University dake garin Adamawa.
Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi Bissalam.[[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 21:01, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Creation and patrolling of Hausa sound in Hausa Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons  ==
Assalamu alaikum, and Hello community member, I would like to seize this very opportunity to inform you that We currently apply for a project titled “Creation amd patrolling of Hausa sound in Hausa Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons” it is project that is designed to enroll participants, engage existing members coming together to acquire skills and knowledge on audio creation and patrolling base on Wikimedia guidelines policy.

Furthermore, the project is design to take participants through a series of trainings to acquire skills about audio, licensing format, skills on using audio Wikimedia  tools like spell4wiki and Lingua libre. 

Lasy, there are a lot to learn during the project training and workshops, feel free to join us or leave us a message, thank you  [[User:Anasskoko|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#00BFFF&quot;&gt;An@ss_koko&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Anasskoko|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#7F007F&quot;&gt;(Yi Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 21:21, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices (Turn on beta in your Preferences settings) ==
''(Apologies for typing in English)''

Did you know that you can edit any Wikidata statement directly from your mobile device, just like on desktop?

Since April 2026 all datatypes are now supported for mobile editing. To try it out, make sure the beta feature is still enabled in your Preferences ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures Beta features] --&gt; &quot;Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices&quot;). Then visit any Item on your mobile.

Please test it and share your feedback while it's still in beta, so we can refine it for you before it goes live in the coming weeks. If you run into issues or have feedback, please share it on the project talk page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]].

Happy editing on mobile.
–[[User:Zita Zage (WMDE)|Zita Zage (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Zita Zage (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:29, 5 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)

== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=31142775 --&gt;

== Hello administrators,  Please link the Hausa article General Electric to its central Wikidata entry (Item Q54173). Currently, language links to other language editions are missing on the page.  Thank you! ==
[[General Electric]] [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-56868-51|~2026-56868-51]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-56868-51|talk]]) 23:09, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5rlas2b952y9sstj4krrdwp0atozepo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971209</id>
      <parentid>971207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T23:39:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-56936-83</username>
        <id>50410</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hello administrators,  Please link the Hausa article General Electric to its central Wikidata entry (Item Q54173). Currently, language links to other language editions are missing on the page.  Thank you! */</comment>
      <origin>971209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="117649" sha1="ae7hl59c95jzp1dt5yf965cl1c80sgr" xml:space="preserve">{{:Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma/Header}}

== Neman Ra’ayi kan Sabon Proposal: Inganta Hausa Wikiquote ==

Assalamu alaikum al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia, Ina so na sanar da ku cewa na gabatar da wani proposal a shirin tallafin (Nigeria National Funding Program) domin inganta aikin Hausa Wikiquote wanda yake a Incubator tun a shekarar 2022 amma har yanzu ba a amince da shi a matsayin cikakken Wikimedia project ba.
[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 18:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

===Support===


== Buƙatar Sake Amincewa da Ni a Matsayin Admin ==


Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.  

Bayan cikar wa’adin watanni shida na hidimatawa a matsayin Admin na Hausa Wikimedians User Group kamar yadda tsarin ƙungiya ya tanada,  ina miƙa buƙatata ga al’umma domin a sake duba yiwuwar ba ni wannan dama na wani sabon zango.
 
Ina da ƙuduri da niyyar ci gaba da ba da gudummawata domin bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia tare da kiyaye gaskiya,  adalci da haɗin kai. 
Ina roƙon al’umma da su sake ba ni amincewa domin ci gaba da hidima. 
Na gode da lokacinku da kulawarku.

[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 13:29, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] na amince sosai tare da goyan baya akan wannan kudiri me kyau [[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 20:51, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)


=== Support ===
:@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]]na amince domin kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:03, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
:na amince don ka cigaba da muhimmiyar aiki da ka faro wata shida da suka wuce. Allah ya kara basira da kwarin gwiwa  [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:07, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

*Ina goyon baya sosai, hakan ƙarin ci gaba ne a Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:41, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
* Ina goyon baya sosai akan hakan. Wannan cigaba ne ga Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya 
[[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 13:52, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
* Ina goyon bata dari bisa dari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:56, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya saboda wannan edita ya sake zama admin saboda ya cancanta kuma sake ba shi wannan damar zai ƙara haɓaka maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 20:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Sanarwa da Neman Goyon Baya ==


Barka da wannan lokaci

Ina fatan kuna lafiya, zanyi amfani da wannan damar domin in sanar daku cewa muna shirin gudanar da campaign mai take &quot;Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia should have&quot;, idan Allah ya yarda. Dan haka muke sanar daku tare da neman shawarar ku. Wannan campaign din zai kawo cigaba a ɓangaren ƙirƙira tare da inganta muƙalu da ake buƙata a Hausa Wikipedia. Nagode

[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 05:43, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' Allah ya bada nasara ya kuma sa a cimma manufa [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 07:11, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Support Hakan na da Karanci dan haka wannan abu me kyau ne kwarai kuma muna goyon bayan Allah ya bada saa  [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.206.75|105.112.206.75]] 09:18, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
:* support Allah ya bada saa muna goyon baya
:[[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:20, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
:Enah goyan bayanka [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] domin wanan campaign din zai kawo mana cigaba a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:47, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

'''Support''' Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaban al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 07:38, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

'''Support''' hakan yayi kuma yana da kyau, Allah ya bada sa'a da nasara akai [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 08:25, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
[[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]])
Support Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaan al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya mahmud maby (talk) 12:05 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari domin zai kawo ci gaba sosae a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 13:31, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

''' Support'''
Ina goyon bayan yin hakan Allah ya tabbatar da alkhari.
[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:06, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan fatan Allah ya ba da Nasara [[User:Mamman Ali|Mamman Ali]] ([[User talk:Mamman Ali|talk]]) 21:23, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
~~Ina goyan bayan hakan Allah ytabbatar da Alkairi~~

== Hausa Community Streets vox pop campaign==
 Barkan kuda wannan lokacin. 
 Ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa. muna shishirye shiryen kawo muku campaign Wanda zaiyi hira da mutanen arewacin nigeria akan yadda suka san Wikipedia da kuma yadda suma zasu fara gyara a cikinta. inda zaayi vidiyo din interview din a watsa a duniyar yanar gizo domin kowa ya gani kuma ya iya anfani dashi. a matsayina na content creator mai tasowa wannan damace sosai gamu hausawa baki daya. muna goyan bayanku zuwa wannan lokaci. mungode.
 [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 08:04, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
#[[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:36, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Muna goyon bayan wannan kamfe saboda shine na farko a wannan manhaja ta Hausa, hakika zai kawo cigaba ga jama'a. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 07:39, 29 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

Sanarwa da Neman Goyan baya  [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:50, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== WikiAcademics - Fadada Wikimedia a Jami'o'in Arewacin Najeriya ==

Assalamu alaikum,  

Kungiyar Hadaka Open Learning Network tana jagorantar wani aikin tallafi na Wikimedia Community Fund mai taken '''WikiAcademics''': Fadada Wikimedia a Jami’o’in Arewacin Najeriya&quot;.  

Manufar aikin:  
* Ƙarfafa ɗalibai da malaman jami’o’i su shiga aikin Wikipedia.  
* Samar da horo da koyarwa domin bunkasa rubuce-rubuce a Hausa Wikipedia.  

Cikakken bayani da aikace-aikace [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/WikiAcademics:Expanding_Wikimedia_in_Northern_Nigerian_Universities_(ID:_23544402) Na Nan].

Ku shiga, ku bada ra’ayi, ku taimaka wajen bunƙasa ilimi!  

'''Hadaka Open Learning Network'''

== Hausa Vital Articles III – Sabon Shiri don Inganta Hausa Wikipedia ==

Sannunku masu ba da gudunmawa.

Ina farin cikin sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia cewa, mun miƙa ƙarin wani shiri mai taken &quot;Hausa Vital Articles III&quot; ga Nigeria National Funding Program. 
Wannan shiri ne na cigaba daga inda muka tsaya a ayyukanmu na baya, wanda manufarsa ita ce mu ci gaba da haɓaka da kuma inganta muƙaloli (articles) masu matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin Hausa Wikipedia. Manufarmu ita ce mu tabbatar da cewa Hausa Wikipedia ta samu matsayin da ya kamata ta hanyar samar da ingantattun bayanai ga masu karatu.

[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 11:30, 8 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

=== Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ===
Assalamu alaikum yan uwa da abokan arziki editoci na Hausa Wikipedia.
Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku tare da neman goyon baya da shawarwari game da wani Rapid Grant mai taken '''Preserving Bauchi’s History and Culture Through Reliable Knowledge Creation on Wikimedia.''' da nake nema.
Manufar wannan aiki ita ce tattara da rubuta tarihi da al'adu game da abinda ya shafi Bauchi da ta hanyar inganta tsofaffin muƙaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin, bayanai, da hotuna a kan dandalan Wikimedia. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa tarihi da al’adun Bauchi sun samu tsari kuma sun kasance a bude ga kowa a duniya. [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 06:58, 28 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks  ==

Assalamualaikum Ina maku Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwa editors da kuma shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedis tare da fatan kowa yana lafiya amin. Bayan haka, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu shirya wani proposal mai taken:'''Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks''' da fatan zamu samu shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, harda ma gyare-gyaren ku. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 08:19, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

==Hausa Wiktionary Harmonization and Community Initiative Activities==

Barkan mu,ina mai farin cikin gayyatarku zuwa wurin shirin dazamu gudanar na cigaban aikin mu dan habaka Hausa Wiktionary ta hanyar inganta kalmomi wanda ya kunshi daura hoto,daura Audio da wasu sabbin ayyuka ma kamar su Synonym da Anagrams.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 23:20, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] An fidda lokaci da wuri? [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 09:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
::Yanzu hakadai project din yana under review,kome ake ciki zamu sanar daku nan gaba. [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 13:36, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
:::Ok nayi zatan har funding anyi, naji kace &quot;gayyata&quot;. Na fahimta yanzu. Kamar neman goyon baya kenan ko? To Allah ya tabbatar da hakan ina goyon baya. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 13:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
::::Ga link din discussion page domin nuna goyon baya:https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants_talk:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Hausa_Wiktionary_Harmonization_and_Community_Initiative_Activities_(ID:_23550226)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1. Nagode [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 12:20, 4 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Sanarwa akan biki zagayowar shekara ta wikidata ==

Barkan mu da war haka.

Ina mai farin chikin sanar da jama'ar wannan tafiya ta wikipedia Hausa cewa muna kokarin kaddamar da bukata na neman tallafi don gudanar da wayar da kai akan wikidata a Adamawa da kuma Nasarawa dafatan Allah ya bamu nasara Amin. [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 01:48, 31 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Voice For All ==
Barkan ku da wannan lokacin. 
Inama editocin Hausa fatan Alkhairi. nazo na sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen kawo muku campaign na mata a Wikipedia Hausa saboda haryanzu mun rasa kwararrun editoci mata a shafin mu, wanda idan muka duba wasu shafin Wikipedia zamuga yadda mata suke taka rawar gani sosai. da fatan wannan taro namu me taken Wikipedia Voice For All zai kawo cigaba ga matan mu editors. nagode [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 22:59, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support'''
Ina goyon bayan wannan shirin saboda karfafa mata akan ayyukan Wikipedia da kuma samun kwararrun editoci mata da masu wakilci ta bangaren mata. Allah ya bada Sa'a.
[[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 21:06, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

'''Support'''
Ina goyon bayan wannan yunƙuri na karfafa muradin mata da bayyana tarihin su a Wikipedia.
Na jima da ganin yadda gudummawar mata ke ƙaranci a cikin babbar kundin ilimi na duniya. Lokaci ya yi da za a gyara hakan.
Allah ya Bada sa'a [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 21:03, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Global discussion on Welcome messages ==

&lt;div lang{{=}}&quot;en&quot; dir{{=}}&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sorry that this message is in English. {{int:please-translate}}. There is a request for comment at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests for comment/Welcoming policy]] on a proposal to forbid sending [[:m:welcome messages|welcome messages]] to users who have not made an edit, which is currently in practice at your wiki. Your comment on this matter would be appreciated.&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:38, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

:Thank you for reaching out,  the welcome messags sent by new user have Tutorials on it, for new users it's better for them know how to edit on our Wiki first before practicing it in order to avoid violations.
:Thank you @[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] for reaching out. The welcome messages sent to new users contain tutorials. For new users, it's better for them to learn how to edit on our wiki first before practicing, in order to avoid violations. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 09:29, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Murnar zagayowar Shakarar Wikidata a Gombe Network ==

Assalamu alaikum

Muna farin cikin sanar da ku cewa Gombe Network zata yi murnar zagayowar shekarar wikidata ta goma sha uku, kuma muna so mu yi amfani da wanna rana don fassara abubuwan wikidata zuwa yaren Hausa. Muna neman fatan alkhairi da kuma shwawarwari daga wannan alummah mai albarka. mun gode [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:00, 15 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani

Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. 

Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.'''

*Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|ha}}.
*Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali.

''Wasu sakamakon'':

*Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu  dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa
* Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90.

Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane  da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. 

'''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot; /&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

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== Neman Ci Gaba Da Zama Mai Gudanarwa ==

Assalamu alaikum yan’uwa masu bada gudunmawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia.  
Hakika ina daga cikin masu gudanarwa (administrators) a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, kuma ga shi wa'adin gudanarwata yana dab da ƙarewa, hakan ta sanya make fatan ci gaba da wannan aiki domin kula da tsari, tsafta, da kuma kare wannan shafi daga duk wani abin da zai iya kawo cikas ga ci gabansa.  
Saboda haka nake neman goyon bayan ku da amincewar ku domin in ci gaba da zama mai gudanarwa (administrator). Goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni da kuma al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya. Na gode. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 22:42, 26 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* :Ina bada goyon baya dari bisa dari [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 05:35, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)
* :'''Support''' Ina mai bayyana goyon bayana a bisa ci gaba da kasancewrsa admin a Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A&amp;#39;isha A Ibrahim|A&amp;#39;isha A Ibrahim]] ([[User talk:A&amp;#39;isha A Ibrahim|talk]]) 13:40, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' hakika ka kasa ce edita mai bada gudummawa sosai a Hausa Wikipedia, dan haka sake baka wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ga shafin Hausa Wikipedia na bunƙasa shi, dan haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:54, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Tabbas Ina goyon bayan ka sake kasancewa Admin a karo na biyu. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 07:52, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Ina goyon baya sosai domin cigaba da kula da ayyukan editici da kuma kawo cigaba wajan gyara ayyukan da suka saɓa ƙa'ida. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:11, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Ina matukar goyon bayan wannan shawara ta sake zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia,sabi da ka kasance cikakken mai bada gudunmawa a Wikimedia baki daya don haka ina goyon bayan.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 13:16, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

* Lallai wannan edita jajirtaccen ne wurin bada gudunmawa a wannan shafi na Wikipedia da sauran ƴan uwanta, ina goyon bayan ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai gudanarwa a wannan shafi '''Support''' [[User:Hamza DK|Hamza DK]] ([[User talk:Hamza DK|talk]])
* Ina goyan bayan samun wannan dama a karo na biyu. Hakan karin jawo cigaba ne ga Hausawa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])

* '''Support''' ina goyan bayan ka dan sake zama Admin saboda irin gudummawar da kake bayarwa.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 05:20, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*:Ina bada goyan baya akan ka zama mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewa da kuma gudunmawa da kake badawa a manhajar Wikipedia musamman a bangaren yaren Hausa.  [[User:Captain1044|Captain1044]] ([[User talk:Captain1044|talk]]) 11:46, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Neman Goyon Bayan Zama Mai Gudanarwa (Administrator) ==
Salam, Dafatan kuna lafiya Yan uwa.
ina mai neman goyon bayanku. na kasance mai gyara gyare a Wikipedia musan man ta Hausa tun 2019. inada sha'awar gyare gyare musan man akan abunda ya shafi ka'idojin rubutu, gaba dake tsakanin rubutu, saka manazarta da kuma gyara fassarori zuwa ga tabbacciyar ingantaciyar rubutu wanda za'a iya karantawa. Ina neman goyon bayanku. 
nagode. 
[[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 13:15, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:* '''Strongly Support SS ''' [[User:Omoty77|Omoty77]] ([[User talk:Omoty77|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:*:Gaskiya enah goyon bayan [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] kazama Admin sabo da ɗadewan da kayi kana bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 07:05, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:* '''Support''', ƙwararren edita ne kuma yana da kishi. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin.
:[[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 18:53, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Walaikumus Salam ɗan uwa. Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina goyon bayan wannan editan ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan alkhairi [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 13:34, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Ina go yan baya dari bisa dari. Saboda mun yaba da yanda yake jajircewa wajen wayan ma sababbin editors Kai da kuma basu gudun mawa wajen basu Illumin da yakamata wajen yin ingan tacen editing yada yakamata.
([[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 20:33, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC))

* '''Support''' Gaskiya ina goyon bayan ka dan zama Admin dari bisa dari domin gudummawar da kake badawa a wikipedia.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 04:25, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

* '''Support''' Tabbas wannan babban edita ya cancanci ya zama edita domin ya daɗe yana bada gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, sannan yana da gurin bunƙasa maƙalolin shafin Hausa Wikipedia, bashi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce gare mu baki ɗaya na cigaba da bunƙasa shafin Hausa Wikipedia, dan Haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:41, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

*'''Support''' ƙwararren edita ne da ya daɗe yana bada gudummowa. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 11:00, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

* {{s}} Tabbas Hausa Wikipedia na bukatan kwararrun editoci wanda suka dade suna bada gudummawa da jajircewa wajen kawo cigaba a wannan shafi. Saboda haka ina goyon bayan haka.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 11:21, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*:* ''' Support''' Ina goyan bayan bama wannan editan admin ganin dacewar shi da kuma dadewar shi yana bada gudunmawa
*:[[User:Sadauki11|Sadauki11]] ([[User talk:Sadauki11|talk]]) 14:20, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Neman Zama Admin karo na biyu ==

Assalam, da fatan kuna lafiya. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku akan sabunta wa'adin zama Admin a karo na biyu domin kula da nagartaccin ayyuka da kuma tankaɗe ayyuka masu kyau. Nagode..  Bissalam.

[[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 13:36, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Support ina mai goyon bayan haka 100% duba da irin koqsrin dakake na ganin an inganta muqalu da jajircewa gurin koyarda sabbin editors  [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:24, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan sosai domin inganta hausa Wikipedia. Tabbas hakan zai kawo ci gaba [[User:Najeebbabi|Najeebbabi]] ([[User talk:Najeebbabi|talk]]) 13:42, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Ina goyon baya 100% domin jajirtaccen aikin da kakeyi a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Moherhh|Moherhh]] ([[User talk:Moherhh|talk]]) 13:47, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Ina goyon baya saboda jajircewa da kwazo na wannan edita.
*Support [[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 15:19, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)Ina goyon bayan hakan saboda kwazo da jajircewa wannan editan
*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari
*'''Support'''' Ina goyon baya [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:51, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*’’’Support’’’ Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa dari saboda hazaka da jajircewar wannan editan
*'''Support''': Tabbas ina goyon bayan sake kasancewarka mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewarka wajen ganin an tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia daga dukkan wani koma baya. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 19:33, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:*'''Support''' support 100% [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:53, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' ina goyan bayan sosai, domin cigaba da ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])

== Ku fadi ra'ayinku: zaben 2025 Kwamitin Amintattu ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Barkan mu,

Lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Zaɓen Kwamitin Amintattu]] ya buɗe. 'Yan takara na neman kujeru biyu (2) a Kwamitin.

Don duba cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a, da fatan za a ziyarci [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|shafin cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a]].

Ƙara koyo game da su ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|karanta bayanan aikace-aikacen su da kallon bidiyon takararsu]].

Lokacin da kun shirya, ku je zuwa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|shafin zabe na SecurePoll don kada kuri'a]].

'''Za a buɗe zaɓe daga 8 ga Oktoba a 00:00 UTC zuwa Oktoba 22 a 23:59 UTC.'''

Gaisuwa mafi kyau,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Shugaba, Kwamitin Zabe&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Sanarwa tare da neman goyon baya ==

Ƴan'uwa masu daraja dafatan kuna lafiya, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wiki Loves Africa 2026 In Kebbi and Niger insha Allah,  muna neman goyon bayan ku tare da haɗin kai da kuma shawarwarin da kuke ganin ya dace nagode. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:55, 21 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Kakaranta muƙalar da ƙyau kafin ka wallafa ta ==

Assallamu'alaikum malam [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] Sannu da ƙokari kalura da abin da kake fassarawa kafin ka wallafa, wanan muƙalan mai suna [[Labarin inganci abinci na Tarayyar Turai: Tarihin sauye-sauyen]] bata da Ma'ana ko ƙadan kaje ka inganta ta dan Allah in koma baga inganta ta ba zan gogeta nan da kwana biyu nagode [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 14:00, 22 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikifunctions will be deployed on your wiki on 2025-11-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hi all, we want to let you know that [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] is coming to your project soon! When enabled, you will be able to call functions from your project, and integrate them in your articles.

A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output. Think of adding up two numbers, or converting miles into metres, or calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. This is usually done with templates that are complicated to create or to import. With Wikifunctions, you will be able to do this with just a couple of clicks!

Please check out [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|these tutorials]] for more details. You’re also invited to [[:f:Special:CreateObject|create functions]] that you find useful, or [[:f:Wikifunctions:Suggest a function|ask for help from the Wikifunctions community]].

We would like to invite you to contribute to Wikifunctions, by translating the existing functions labels into your language, so that more users in your community can more easily reuse them on the project. You can also translate the messages for the Wikifunctions interface on TranslateWiki ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-wikilambda-ve&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here for VisualEditor messages], and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-wikilambda-user&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here for the Wikifunctions interface proper]).

Of course, we are happy to help in case there are questions or difficulties, and we are ready to listen to your feedback. Please ping me directly in case of necessity or reach out to me [[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|on my talk page]].
&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Hi all, unfortunately due to a technical problem we couldn't deploy Wikifunctions on your project. We will keep you updated about the next date of deployment. Thanks for your comprehension! [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:57, 6 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Neman masu sa kai don shiga da dama daga cikin kwamitocin motsi. ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Kowace shekara, yawanci daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, da yawa daga cikin kwamitocin motsi suna neman sabbin masu sa kai. 

Kara karantawa game da kwamitocin akan shafukansu na Meta-wiki:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kwamitin Alaƙa (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Hukumar Ombuds (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kwamitin Binciken Harka (CRC)]]

Aikace-aikacen kwamitocin suna buɗe 30 Oktoba 2025. Aikace-aikace don Kwamitin Alaƙa, da kuma aikace-aikacen Hukumar Ombuds kuma Kwamitin Binciken Harka ya rufe 11 Disamba 2025. Koyi yadda ake nema ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|ziyartar shafin alƙawari akan Meta-wiki]]. Aika zuwa shafin magana ko imel cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org tare da kowace tambaya da kuke da ita.

Ga Tawagar Taimakon Kwamitin,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ko shawara ==

Assalamu Alaikum,

Yan'uwa editocin Wikipedia, dafatan kuna lafiya, ina amfani da wannan damar domin na sanar da ku shirin mu na Wikipedia birthday @ 25 karkashin Kaduna Network, shirin zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa wasu daga cikin makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da sauran su, dafatan zaku bamu goyon baya da haɗin kai [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 19:10, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Duplicate articles ==

Hello, this would be entirely in English as I do not speak or understand Hausa. 
These two articles are about the same topic, and I think they could be merged together: [[Ganuwar Benin]] and [[Benin Moat]]. I will suggest merging the contents of [[Ganuwar Benin]] into [[Benin Moat]] or whichever works best.
Pinging editors who I think could handle this, anyone else could: {{ping|Uncle Bash007|Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Gwanki|Pharouqenr}}

Thank you, and happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:18, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

:Thank you @[[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] i have noticed it, and [[Ganuwar Benin]] is more reliable than [[Benin Moat]]. So i have deleted [[Benin Moat]] now. And thank you for reaching out and wishing you all the best. 
:&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 07:30, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] You could redirect [[Benin Moat]] to [[Ganuwar Benin]], since it is more or less the English name, instead of nuking it entirely. 
::Happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:31, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Sanarwa, akan Zamar Karshen shekara a Gombe Network ==

Muna sanar da jama'ar mu chewa Wikimedia User Group Nigeria, Gombe Network, tana kokarin neman tallafi na gudanar da zaman karshen shekara don kara sanayya da fihimta game da shiryeshiryen mu na shekara mai zuwa [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 21:36, 14 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

== Neman admin akaro na biyu ==
{{Atop|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:21, 22 Disamba 2025 (UTC)}}
Ina neman goyon bayanku domkn kasancewa admin akaro na biyu domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na gari da kuma bada gudumuwa ta hanyar taimakon editoci. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 10:52, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

===Support===
#'''Support''' Tabbas ina goyon baya sosai. Hakan zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 11:07, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)
#'''Support''' Haƙiƙa wannan edita ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin editocin dake ƙoƙarin bunƙasa shafukan Hausa Wikipedia, tabbas sake ba shi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ta cigaba da tsaftace maƙalolin dake Hausa Wikipedia tare da inganta su dan haka ina goyon baya. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:15, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)
#'''Goyan baya''' Ina mai goyan bayan ba ka damar mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu, duba da hakan zai taimaka wajen kara kawo cigaba da ma tsaftace Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])
# Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa Dari domin cigaban Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 23:27, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Neman Zama Admin Ƙaro Na Biyu  ==
{{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:48, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}}
Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Ina fatan kuna cikin ƙushien  lafiya. Enah Wannan rubutu nawa ne domin sake gabatar da buƙatata karo na biyu na samun damar zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia. A baya na riga na gabatar da irin wannan buƙata, kuma a wannan karo ina ƙara jaddada sha’awata da ƙudirin da nake da shi na ci gaba da yi wa Hausa Wikipedia hidima.
Na dade ina ba da gudunmawa ta hanyar ƙirƙira, gyarawa da inganta muƙaloli, tare da taimakawa sababbin masu gyara su fahimci ka’idoji da tsarin aikin Wikipedia. Ina da cikakken shiri da niyyar ɗaukar nauyin da ke tattare da matsayin Admin, musamman wajen kula da muƙaloli, da dakile masu lalata muƙala, da tabbatar da ingancin bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia.
Ina roƙon Editors din Hausa Wikipedia da su sake duba wannan buƙata ta tare da ni, tare da ba ni wannan dama idan sun ga na cancanta. Zan yi farin cikin karɓar duk wata shawara ko gyara da za ta taimaka wajen inganta aikina
Nagode. [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 09:46, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)

:Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina mai goyon bayan ka domin zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia saboda jajurcewar ka wajen inganta rubutan Hausa a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan Allah ya bada nasara ameen. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 17:23, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

===Support===
#ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:42, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
#Ina goyon baya sosai... hakan zai kawo cigaba [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:49, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
# enah goyan bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyi sabo da jajir cewanka [[User:Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo|talk]]) 21:06, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
#Kasancewar ka edita mai bada gudummawa a kusan koda yaushe, ina goyon baya domin sake baka damar zai ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 22:07, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
# Ina goyon Bayan ka sake Zama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajircewar ka Hakan Zai Kara kawo cigaba sosae[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 22:14, 29 Disamba 2025 
# ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia domin yana kawo wa [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 05:16, 30 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
# enah goyan bayanka kazama Admin karo na biyu sabo da ƙoƙarin da kake yi [[User:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|Asma,u Khamis hussaini]] ([[User talk:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|talk]]) 17:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Ifteehern|Ifteehern]] ([[User talk:Ifteehern|talk]]) 17:25, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya sosai sabida zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon baya, Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina goyan bayan kazama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajir cewarka [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:42, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyan bayan kasancewar ka a matsayin mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu a sakamakon irin jajircewa da gudummawar da kake bayarwa domin tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 18:22, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon bayan sake dawowar ka... Allah ya taimaka. [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 18:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== Neman Admin a karo na biyu ==
{{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:47, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}}
Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 10:00, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
#Ina goyon byan hakan domin zai kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 18:13, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#ina mai goyon  bayen hakan domin hakan zai kawo cigaba gaba sosai a wikipedia [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]]) 21:11, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 22:03, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina Mai goyan bayan hakan
#ina gonyon baya dari bisa dari dan zai kawo kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 22:06, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina mai bada goyon baya dari bisa dari akan wannan domin zai kawo cigaba sosai. [[User:Abdoulmerlic|Abdoulmerlic]] ([[User talk:Abdoulmerlic|talk]])
#'''Support''', duba da irin gudunmawarka a ko yaushe, hakan zai kawo cigaba wajen ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])
# Ina goyon baya Dari bisa Dari [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 11:49, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:35, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon bayan ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 12:41, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) 
# [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) Ina Goyan bayan hakan domin zaya kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]])
#[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina gonyan baya dari bisa Dari kazamu admin Dan kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:33, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:49, 9 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#'''SUPPORT'''...Ina goyon bayan wannan Kuduri [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:45, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== Sanarwa ==
Muna sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia game da shirin '''Celebrating International Women’s Day Through The Wikimedia Projects 2026''', wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa wakilcin mata da haɓaka gudunmawar su a ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a harshen Hausa. Muna maraba da ra’ayoyi da shawarwari daga al’umma. [[User:Sirjat|Sirjat]] ([[User talk:Sirjat|talk]]) 11:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

==

==Logo don murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25==
{{Atop|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 16:18, 22 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}}
[[File:WP25 potential birthday logo-ha.svg|link=|thumb|right|280px|Logon murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25]]

A cikin wannan watan Wikipedia ke cika shekaru ashirin da biyar da kafuwa. Inason yin amfani da wannan lokaci domin taya daukacin editocin Hausa Wikipedia murnar cikar wannan shekaru. Wannan babbar nasara ce garemu baki daya.

Saboda murnar wannan lokacin, ina son mu canza logon mu domin taya Wikipedia murna.

A nan gefe zaku iya ganin sabon hoton logon murnar, wanda aka fassara da Hausa daga logon Turanci wanda Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta bada saboda murnar zagayowar lokacin.

Idan kuna goyon bayan haka sai ku rubuta a nan ƙasa. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 09:03, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
# Ina goyon baya sosai domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 18:49, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 08:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Yayi kyau, ina goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 09:00, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#'''Support''' ina goyon baya [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai, ina kuma taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 05:41, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon Baya domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekara 25[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 13:33, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
{{Abot}}

== SANARWA TARE DA NEMAN GOYON BAYA ==

Assalamu alailum, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wikipedia a jihar Niger insha Allah, wanda shirin zai bunƙasa shafukan Wikipedia da kuma yan'uwanta, sannan shirin zai bunƙasa samar da sabbin esitoci a Hausa Wikipedia. Allah ya bamu sa'a da nasara [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 12:26, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia ==

Assalamu Alaikum editoci masu albarka,fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya Allah yasa haka ne amin. Ina mai amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku da neman goyon bayanku game da kasancewa na admin a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. In a fatan mu cigaba da kasancewa lafiya amin ya Rabbal alamin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 10:52, 13 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
# Ina goyon baya.. Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 16:05, 14 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya. I support  [[User:Anasysmart|Anasysmart]] ([[User talk:Anasysmart|talk]]) 07:12, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyan baya 100% ..Allah ya taimaka [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 09:59, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)
# enah goyon bayanka kazama Admin sbd jajircewanka a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:14, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sanarwa  ==

assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa na editors, Ina sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal game da '''Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausaal Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausa'''. Idan akwai shawarwari ko ƙarin bayani a shirye nake da yin amfani da su. Nagode sosai. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 20:22, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

muna goyan bayan sa saboda jajir ciwar shi [[User:Musa650|Musa650]] ([[User talk:Musa650|talk]]) 07:19, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ==

Barkann mu da wannan lokacin yan'uwana editoci, muna shirin gudanar da wani taro nan bada jimawa ba a jihar Plateau, dan haka nake sanar da ku tare da neman shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, Nagode [[User:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu]] ([[User talk:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|talk]]) 20:25, 17 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

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== Bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwatarwa ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ina rubuto maka ne domin sanar da kai cewa an buɗe lokacin bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwtarwa. Kana iya ba da shawarwari kan sauye-sauye har zuwa 9 ga Fabrairu, 2026. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko cikin jerin matakai da za a ɗauka domin bitar shekara-shekara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Karanta ƙarin bayani kuma ka samu tattaunawa da za ka shiga a shafin UCoC a Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Daidaita Aiwatar da Universal Code of Conduct]] (U4C) wata ƙungiya ce ta duniya da ta sadaukar da kai wajen tabbatar da adalci da daidaitaccen aiwatar da UCoC. Wannan bitar shekara-shekara an tsara ta kuma an aiwatar da ita ne ta hannun U4C. Don samun ƙarin bayani da kuma fahimtar nauyin da ke kan U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kana iya duba Kundin Tsarin U4C]].

Da fatan za a raba wannan bayanin zuwa ga wasu mambobi a cikin al'ummarku inda ya dace.

-- A cikin haɗin gwiwa da U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|tattaunawa]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

21:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Sanarwa game da shirin kaddamar da project na WikiFemme Learning Lab in Bauchi  ==

Assalamu alaikum,

Muna sanar da fara aikin WikiFemme Learning Lab In Bauchi, wani aikin Rapid Fund daga Wikimedia Community Fund da ke nufin ƙarfafa mata su shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman Wikipedia. Aikin zai ba da horo da tallafi don mata su koyi gyara da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ilimi, tare da rage gibi a wakilcin mata a cikin abun da ke kan Wikipedia.

Muna gayyatar al’umma su ba da shawarwari da goyon baya domin tabbatar da nasarar wannan aiki da ƙara tasirinsa a Bauchi da kewaye.

Na gode. [[User:Santa MMD|Santa MMD]] ([[User talk:Santa MMD|talk]]) 22:02, 27 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects ==

Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa da shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa Editors na wannan manhajar cewa, zamu rubuta proposal game da &quot;'''Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects'''&quot; muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwarin ku, Nagode sosai.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:19, 29 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia ==

Assalamu Alaikum sanunku da warhaka, ina shirya neman Wikimedia Rapid Fund don aiki a kan inganta **bayanan lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia**. Aikin, *&quot;Bridging Women’s Health Knowledge in Hausa,&quot;* zai ƙunshi fassara labarai masu kyau daga Wikipedia ta Ingilishi zuwa Hausa, wanda ya shafi batutuwa kamar lafiyar uwa, lafiyar haila, lafiyar haihuwa, da cututtukan da ke shafar mata. Muna kuma shirin ɗaukar nauyin  horo ta hanyar intanet da kuma aikin editing don tallafawa sabbin editoci da ƙwararru wajen koyon yadda ake fassara da inganta abubuwan lafiya ta amfani da nassoshi masu inganci.

Wannan shiri zai faɗaɗa samun ingantattun bayanai game da lafiya a cikin Hausa Wikipedia musamman ga mata, sa' anan zai rage gibin ilimi da ke da alaƙa da lafiyar mata, da kuma ƙarfafa janyo sabin edtoci zuwa shiga cikin al'ummar Hausa Wikimedia. Muna maraba da ra'ayoyin al'umma kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci, sha'awar shiga a matsayin edita ko mai ba da shawara, da duk wani shawarwari da za su iya taimakawa wajen inganta wannan aiki. Ra'ayoyinku za su taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa aikin ya cika buƙatun al'umma kuma yana da tasiri mai ma'ana. [[User:Umabruka|Umabruka]] ([[User talk:Umabruka|talk]]) 20:54, 1 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 ==

Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 11:26, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia  ==

Assalamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci a wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 22:49, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

===Support===
#Ina goyon baya sosai. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 23:05, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
# enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:45, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
#:ina Mai goyon Baya Dari bisa Dari[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:08, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon bayan zaman wannan ƙwararren edita ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia, domin ina da tabbacin zai taimaka da ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin da ke Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbin maƙaƙolin, dan haka ina hoyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:11, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026
# Ina Matugar Nuna goyon baya akan hakan [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-85864-0|&amp;#126;2026-85864-0]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-85864-0|talk]]) &lt;span style=&quot; color:Green ; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Muktee1494&lt;/span&gt;
# ina goyon baya  don inganta wikipedia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 06:31, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya don kwazo day jajircewar wannan edita[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 08:19, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
#inagoyon baya dari bisa dari Allah yataimaka[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 21:36, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wikimedia knowledge sharing in America University of Nigeria ==
Assalamu alaikum jama,a naxo ne  domin in sanar da ku cewa na shirya wani aiki da zai wayar da kan jama'a game da harkar Wikimedia a Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya. Dake garin Adamawa Aikin yana da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da ayyukan Wikimedia da horar da sabbin editoci kan yadda za su ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarwarinku  domin samun nasarar aikin. na gode. [[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 15:16, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

:Sannu da kokari, amma babu cikakken bayani game da aikin dan haka bamu san wacce irin shawara zamu bayar ba. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 13:19, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Campaign in Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria ==

assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign  mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:00, 10 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

:Wa'alaika Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Ko zamu iya samun ƙarin bayani game da gangamin? Yana da kyau a rinka saka cikakken bayani saboda kada a samu hadaka wajen gudanar da irin wannan aikin. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FF00FF&quot;&gt;Gwanki&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Gwanki|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#800000&quot;&gt;(Yi Min Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 13:21, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] An dakatar da maganar wannan aiki sai nan gaba. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 14:23, 17 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki For Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games ==

Assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwana editoci na wannan manhajar, ina mai sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal mai taken '''Wiki for Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games'''. Ina mai neman goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku.Nagode@[[User:Salahu Gwanki|Salahu Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Salahu Gwanki|talk]]) 18:39, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Taron Infectious Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria on Hausa Wikipedia ==

Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria. Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin lafiya. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:54, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 ==

Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 16:47, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Taron karawa juna sani na administrators ==

Assalam,

Ina mai farin cikin sanarwa cewa zamu gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na masu kula da shafukan Hausa Wikipedia don kara gogewa game da ayyukan kula da shafukan Wikipedia. Wannan taro zai nunawa admin muhimmancin aikinsu musamman a wannan lokaci da bayanan karya ke da saukin yaduwa.

Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 16:30, 13 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State ==

Assalaalaikum, 

Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwana editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhajar ta Hausa Wikipedia, inama kowa fatan alheri. Bayan haka, ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta proposal game da '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State''' insha Allahu. Muna neman shawarwarin ku da neman goyon bayan ku, da kuma ƙarin haske ko bayani. Nagode sosai, Sanarwa daga @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 15:59, 14 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Sanarwa ==

Assalamu alaikum ƴan'uwa masu albarka, ina amfani da wannan damar domin sanar da ku shirin mu na gudanar da taro a makarantun gaba da secondary a Daura, wannan wannan shirin insha Allah zai buƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia, Wikidata, sanya hotuna masu inganci uwa uba tare da samar da sabbin editoci masu sa kai a shafukan Hausa Wikipedia da ƴan'uwanta, ina neman goyon bayan ku. Na gode daga Yusuf Sa'adu [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:11, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:24, 17 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]].

We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community.
* Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently &lt;code&gt;&quot;:n&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;:0&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;:1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;book_reference-1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).
* Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name.
* Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation).
* Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. &quot;title&quot; or &quot;last&quot;+&quot;first&quot;) – defined by the community.

=== Feedback ===
[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]].

'''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism.
We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic.

Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings.

Thank you for participating!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|hira]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:15, 19 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

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== Shirye shiryen taron Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria ==

Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa mun fara shirye-shiryen gudanar da &quot;campaign dinmu na Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria&quot;. Wannan taron zai kara inganta Hausa Wikipedia akan muƙalu da suka shafi Ilimi. Nagode [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:01, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki For Women-Focused Digital Skills, Photo Walks, and Audio Recording in Kaduna Hausa Communities ==

Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, in yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan ina man barka da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, zan gudanar da taron karawa juna ilimi kamar yadda taken shi yake a sama. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku da kuma bada shawarwari da zasu ciya da wannan aiki gaba. Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi.  Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 15:30, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikipedia User Retention Workshop ==
Salamu Alaikum warahmatullah. yan uwa masu albarka. ina mana fatan alkahiri da kuma fatan an gama Azumi kuma anyi Sallah lafiya. mafi yawan cin lokaci muna hada taruka kuma muna kawo sabbin editoci.amma da an gama taron ko gasar shikenan saika ga wannna sabbin editocin sun daina gyara da kuma rubutu a Wikipedia. wannna matsala ce babba. muna da sama da editoci dubu arbain amma bamu da tsayyen editoci ko dari biyar. wannna taron zaiyi gyara akan haka. ina mai neman goyon bayanku dan wannan aiki. nagode sosai. ku bada shawarwarinku a kasan wannan rubutun. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 07:00, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)


== Sanarwa Da Neman Goyon Baya ==
Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa da abokan arziki editor's na wannan gida mai Albarka ina yima kowa fatan Alkairi tare da fatan kowa yayi bikin sallah lafiya,ina mai amfani da wannan dama wajen neman goyon bayan ku akan proposal dana nema mai taken Documentin and Enhancing Agricultural and Environmental Vocabulary on Hausa Wiktionary . Wannan project zai cike gibin da muke dashi na karancin kalmomin da suka danganci noma da muhalli a Hausa Wiktionary. Bissalam mu kwana lafiya Allah ya sadamu da Alkairan sa.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 19:49, 28 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Kamfe na Wikiquote a Daura ==

Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu gudanar da kamfe don wayar da kai game da WIkiquote a Daura a wannan zagaye. Da fatan zaku bamu gudummawa. Nagode [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 06:48, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Trend Video  Awareness Campaigns==
Salam, yan uwa. duba da koma baya da ake samu a Wikipedia da sauran yan uwanta. muke shirin kawo muku video awareness wanda zai zama kamar drama haka.domin samun hankali da kuma kulawar al'ummar mu dake anfani da shafuka na internet.ku fada mana ra'ayinku.&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aliyu shaba&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Aliyu shaba|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Talk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 16:30, 28 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons ==

Assalamualikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabannin wannan manhajar da ƴan uwansa editors Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa na rubuta proposal game da '''Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons''' wanda insha Allahu za'a gudanar da shi a Jihar Adamawa. Muna neman. Nagode sosai @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:20, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Wikimedia Awareness for educated/elite women in Northern Nigeria ==

Assalamu Alaikum,

Ina mai mika gaisuwa ta girmamawa ga daukacin 'yan uwan wannan shafi. Na rubuta wannan wasika ne domin gabatar da shirinmu a hukumance, wanda zamu tsara domin fadakarwa da kuma karfafa gwiwar mata masana da masu ilimi a fadin Arewacin Najeriya. Babban burin wannan aiki shi ne samar da karin mata editoci a Wikipedia daga yankinmu, tare da daukaka matsayin mata wajen rike mukaman shugabanci a karkashin gidauniyar Wikimedia. Ta hanyar wannan horo, mahalarta za su samu kwarewa ba kawai a fannin gyara Wikipedia ba, har ma da karfin gwiwar taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tafiya. [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Wikimedia_Awareness_for_educated/elite_women_in_Northern_Nigeria]]

[[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 11:49, 2 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

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== Neman Kasancewa Admin a karo na Uku ==

Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na uku domin cigaba da tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 20:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

=== Support ===
#Ina goyon baya domin cigaban wikipidia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 21:19, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
#Ina goyon Bayan Hakan Dari bisa Dari Domin cigaban Wikipedia[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 21:30, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
#ina mai goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari dan kawo cigaba. [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 21:27, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
#[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari
#Ina goyon baya sosai. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 21:38, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyen bayen hakan dari Bisa dari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai ~~
#Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 22:18, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Don cigaba da tsabtacewa gami da bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia, muna bukatar jajirtattu irinka.Lallai ina goyon bayan hakan [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]])
# enah goyon bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyu sbd jajircewan ka akan Kula da mukaloli a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:55, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa Dari sosai sosai[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 05:28, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai domin Yana kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 05:57, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Tabbas ka kasance daga cikin jajirtaccin Admins a Hausa Wikipedia, faruwar hakan nasara ce babba a wannan man haja. Fatan Alkhairi. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 06:13, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
# Ina goyon baya sosai saboda gudummawar da kake bayarwa a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 06:16, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

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== Taron Hausa STEM, Engineering and Sustainable Development Knowledge Expansion Project ==

Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna &quot;Hausa STEM, Engineering and Sustainable Development Knowledge Expansion Project&quot; Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi Kimiyya, Fasaha, Lissafi, da kuma Injiniyanci. [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:53, 7 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Taron Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaigns for Preserving Heritage, Improving Knowledge Access, and Promoting Inclusion through Photo Contests and Training Programs ==

Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna &quot;Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaigns for Preserving Heritage, Improving Knowledge Access, and Promoting Inclusion through Photo Contests and Training Programs&quot; Domin ingantawa da kuma dora hotuna a wiki Commons. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 17:48, 11 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Bauchi State  ==

Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa na editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedians, inama kowa fatan alheri tare sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta Grant project mai taken '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Bauchi State'''. Dan haka muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwari ko gyara.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 17:30, 15 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== SheSaid Hausa 2026- Phase IV ==

Assalam, 

Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na SheSaid na Hausa a karo na hudu wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin September zuwa Oktoba in Allah ya yarda. 

Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 07:46, 20 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Shirin gudanar da taron Cultivating Knowledge: Hausa Wikipedia Agriculture 2026 Campaign ==

Assalam,

Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na Cultivating Knowledge:Hausa Wikipedia Agriculture 2026 Campaign na Hausa a karo na farko  wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin September zuwa Oktoba in Allah ya yarda.

Bissalam [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 17:03, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|hira]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

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== Empowering Women Changing the World ==
Assalamu alaikum Al Umman Hausa Wikipedia naxo ne na sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Empowering Women Changing the World. Domin cigaban matan mu na Arewa kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin mata. Nagode [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Umar_Aliyu/Empowering_Women_Changing_the_World#Resources]]
[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 12:03, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;

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== Neman zama admin na din din din ==

assalamu alaikum ina neman goyon bayanku na kasan cewa admin na din din din domin tabbata da ingancin wannan man haja ta wikipedia da kuma taimakawa sabin editoci batare da samin tsaiko ba wajen gudanar da aiki nagode. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 19:50, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)

:[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 16:52, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ina mai goyon baya

==Support==
*Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 19:58, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari....[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 17:25, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)

*Ina goyon baya sosai.

== Support ==

Ina goyon Bayan haka, sakamakon gudummuwar da kake badawa. [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 20:13, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari ~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:05, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)
::# support [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 17:39, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)ina mai goyon baya

== Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have 2026 Campaign Phase II ==

Assalam,

Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na '''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have 2026 Campaign Phase II''' a karo na biyu wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin Disamba zuwa Janairu in Allah ya yarda.

Bissalam, [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 19:30, 1 Satumba 2026 (UTC)


== Preserving Hausa Indigenous Health Knowledge Through Wikipedia: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Practices and Indigenous Health Terminology ==

Assalamualaikum,
Ina mai farincin amfani da wannan dama wajen sanar daku cewa muna shirin kaddamar da kamfen na '''Preserving Hausa Indigenous Health Knowledge Through Wikipedia: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Practices and Indigenous Health Terminology''' wanda zai gudana acikin watan Disamba [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:20, 5 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki for Social Change by Addressing Women and Child Vulnerability through Open Knowledge and Community Engagement in Northern Nigeria ==
Assalamu Alaikum Jama'an wannan gida mai albarka. in mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa, akwai taron wayar da kai da kara wa juna sani daza mu gudanar a Jihar Taraba Jalingo insha'allahu daga shekaran nan zuwa farkon sekara mai zuwa. Muna bukatar shawar warin ku tare da neman goyon bayan ku. Fatan Allah yayi mana jagora amin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 11:13, 11 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Bilkisu mahmood  ==
bilkisu mah [[User:Bilkeesi|Bilkeesi]] ([[User talk:Bilkeesi|talk]]) 14:13, 12 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Neman izinin zama admin na din din din ==
aslm ina mai neman goyon bayanku domin zama admin na din din din domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na kwarai a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 12:23, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
===Support===

* ina mai goyan bayan hakan dari bisa dari duba da Irin gudummuwar da kakebadawa a wannan kafa[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 12:31, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
* Ina goyon baya saboda muhimmiyar gudummuwar da yake badawa a Hausa wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:25, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya sosai. Wannan editan ya cancanci wannan muƙamin. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 09:19, 20 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
*Ina goyon baya sosai 
[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 10:47, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani

Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. 

Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.'''

* Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|ha}}.
* Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali.

''Wasu sakamakon'':

* Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu  dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa
* Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90.

Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane  da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. 

'''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Neman Admin Na Din-din ==
Assalamu alaikum

Jama'a barkan mu da wannan lokaci fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya. Inason inyi amfani da wannan damar don neman kasancewa admin (mai kula da shafuka a Hausa wikipedia) na din-din. Nayi admin na wucin gadi har sau biyu a Hausa wikipedia, wannan dalilin ne yasa nake ganin akwai bukatar in nema admin na din-din, don saukake mun ci gaba da ayyukan admin ba tare da wani mushaqqa ba. Fatan yan'uwa editoci zaku bani goyon baya domin samun damar ci gaba da ayyukan admin a Hausa wikipedia. Na gode, Ina ma kowa fatan nasara! [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 14:01, 17 Satumba 2026 (UTC)
Ina mai goyon baya bisa wannan cigaba [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 09:01, 21 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Kamfen Faith and Knowledge in Hausa: Documenting Religious History, People and Heritage ==
Assalam. Muna farin cikin sanar daku kamfen da zamu gudanar cikin watan Disamba zuwa junairu mai taken '''Faith and Knowledge in Hausa: Documenting Religious History, People and Heritage''' kamfen din zai maida hankali wajan ƙirƙirar muƙalu da suka shafi addinai a Hausa Wikipedia. nagode [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 19:47, 21 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wiki Economics - Za ku so ku taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar kayan aiki na ma'aunin lafiyar al'umma  ==
Sannu kowa,

''An shirya wannan sigar ne da taimakon kayan aikin fassara ta atomatik da AI. Don Allah a gyara harshen, kalmomin fasaha ko abin da ke ciki; muna maraba da kowace taimako. Sigar Turanci tana biye a ƙasa.''

Sannu, ni Wikimedian ne daga Faransa da ke aiki kan yanayin karatu da gyare-gyare a cikin harkarmu. Na ga cewa muna rasa kayan aiki masu sauƙin amfani don ganin da kuma bibiyar lafiyar al'ummomin masu gyara a tsawon lokaci, don haka na fara Wiki Economics.

Me ya sa Wiki Economics? Domin da farko ina amfani da alamomin tattalin arziki na ƙasa baki ɗaya wajen ƙirƙirar samfurin lafiyar al'umma (wannan shi ne wurin farawa na), amma ina ƙara wasu alamomi a hankali.

Wannan sigar beta ce. Ina amfani da hawiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na rukunin farko na nazari, tare da sigogin harsuna da aka zaɓa don rufe yankuna, harsuna da girman al'umma daban-daban. Ba ta cika ba, saboda haka ana maraba musamman da ra’ayoyinku game da abubuwan da suka ɓace, matsaloli ko abubuwan gida da ke bayyana tsarin da ba a saba gani ba.

Wannan rukunin na farko zai taimaka wajen gano matsaloli, bayanan da suka ɓace da muhimman abubuwan gida, kamfen, sauye-sauyen manufofi ko wani yanayi da zai iya bayyana tsarin da ba a saba gani ba. Manufar ita ce mu koyi daga ra’ayoyin al'ummomi kafin mu faɗaɗa ɗaukar bayanai.

Da zarar an rufe nau'ikan Wikipedia yadda ya kamata, zan yi haka ga dukkan ayyukan Wikimedia.

Wannan aiki ne na tallafa wa al'ummomi, ba rahoton hukuma na Wikimedia Foundation ba. Ba ya amfani da bayanan sirri, bayanan CheckUser ko API da ba na jama'a ba. Kowane sakamako yana ɗauke da lokacin bayanan, ma'anoni, hanya, tushe da taka-tsantsan. Wasu alamomi na iya kasancewa babu su ko ba su dace da wannan wiki ba, kuma bai kamata a ɗauki lokacin da bai cika ba a matsayin cikakkiyar yanayin shekara ba. Ana samun bayani da ma'anoni a [[m:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|shafin Wiki Economics na Meta-Wiki]].

Don ganin ƙididdiga: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/#choose-wiki zaɓi Wikipedia] ko ka shiga bayanin martabar hawiki kai tsaye: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/gdp?wiki=hawiki].

Zan yi farin ciki da ra’ayoyinku game da:

* Shin ma'anoni sun dace da yadda wannan al'umma ke aiki?
* Shin akwai hanyoyin sintiri/bita na gida, kamfen na bots, sauye-sauyen manufofi ko abubuwan da suka faru da ke bayyana ƙimomi marasa saba?
* Waɗanne alamomi ne masu amfani, masu rikitarwa ko suka ɓace?

Da fatan a raba ra'ayoyi ko a wannan shafi ko a [[m:Talk:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|shafin tattaunawar Wiki Economics a Meta-Wiki]]. Ana samun lambar tushe a [[github:schiste/wiki-economics|GitHub]]. Na gode da taimaka min wajen sa binciken ya zama mai amfani ga dukkan al'ummominmu. [[User:Schiste|Schiste]] ([[User talk:Schiste|talk]]) 12:28, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

=== Wiki Economics - Would you like to help create a community health metrics tool ===
Hello everyone,

Hi, I'm a French Wikimedian working on readership and editorship trends across our movement. I felt we were lacking accessible tools to look at and monitor the health of our editing communities over time, so I started Wiki Economics.

Why Wiki Economics? I started by using macroeconomic indicators to model community health (that was my starting point), and I add other indicators over time.

This is a beta. I am using hawiki as part of the first analysis batch, alongside language editions selected to cover different geographies, languages, and community sizes. It is not perfect and, as a result, your feedback about missing things, problems, or local events that explain unusual patterns is especially welcome.

This first batch should help identify issues, missing information, and important local events, campaigns, policy changes, or other context that may explain unusual patterns. The goal is to learn from community feedback before expanding coverage.

Once the Wikipedia editions are covered properly, I’ll do the same for all Wikimedia projects.

This is a community-facing project, not an official Wikimedia Foundation report. It uses no private data, CheckUser data, or non-public APIs. Each result includes its snapshot, definitions, methods, provenance, and caveats. Some indicators may be unavailable or not applicable, and an incomplete period should not be read as a full-year trend. Background and definitions are on [[m:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|the Wiki Economics page on Meta-Wiki]].

To view the statistics: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/#choose-wiki choose a Wikipedia] or directly access hawiki’s profile: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/gdp?wiki=hawiki].

I would appreciate your feedback on:

* Do the definitions match how this community works?
* Are there local patrol/review mechanisms, bot campaigns, policy changes, or events that explain unusual values?
* Which indicators are useful, misleading, or missing?

Please share feedback either on this page or on [[m:Talk:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|the Wiki Economics talk page on Meta-Wiki]]. The codebase is available on [[github:schiste/wiki-economics|GitHub]]. Thank you for helping me make the analysis more useful to all our communities.[[User:Schiste|Schiste]] ([[User talk:Schiste|talk]]) 12:28, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:16, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Hausa Wikipedia Strengthening and Stub Articles Rebuilding &amp; Hausa Wiktionary Edit-a-thon and Entries Clean-up  ==
Jama'a Hausawa masu albarka barkan ku da kokari. Ina jinjina maku akan namijin aikin da kuke yi ba dare ba rana, na kara bukasa Wikipedia ta hausa. Kada in sha'afa ina mai sanar da ku zamu gabatar da taron Wikipedia ta hausa da kuma wiktionary don kara habaka Wikipedia hausa da wiktionary. Dubun godiya a gare ku. [[User:M I Idrees|M I Idrees]] ([[User talk:M I Idrees|talk]]) 09:01, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wikiqoute Awareness in Daura ==
Assalam ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku zamu gudanar da taron wikiqoute a daura da fatan zaku samu damar halarta [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 12:59, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Hausa Green Ecosystem Translation Campaign ==
Assalamu Alaikum yan'uwa barka da wannan lokaci, ina sanar daku cewa na rubuta proposal mai taken &quot;Hausa Green Ecosystem Translation Campaign&quot; wanda zamu gudanar a watan Disamba in Allah ya yarda. [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 13:50, 26 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Training and Editathon at Amlak Technology CBT Center Gusau, Zamfara State ==
Assalamu Alaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatahu. Ina farincin sanar daku akan project din danayi proposing metakin suna &quot; Wikipedia Training and Editathon at Amlak Technology CBT center Gusau, Zamfara State&quot; wanda zai kasan a watan December in Allah ya kaimana rai. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarware akan wannan project din. kofa abude take dan bada gudun mawan ku. Nagode. 

[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|AY&amp;#39;Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 13:43, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Tattaunawa Don Ciyar da Wikipedia Gaba==
Salamullahi Alaikum. Ina Kanawa, Ina mutanen arewacin Nigeria. Ina anfani da wannan damar sanar daku cewa tattauna nanan zuwa Jihar Kano domin sanin yadda ake anfani da Wikipedia a arewacin Nigeria. Ina neman goyon bayan ku. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 16:41, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Neman Zaman Admin==
Assalamualaikum ina Neman Zaman Admin a Hausa Wikipedia domin na samun damar ci gaba da aiwatar da aiyukan gudanarwa na bunkasa Hausa Wikipedia.
Domin bani goyon baya a saka suna da bayani a kasa.[[User:Saad Nuhu|Saad Nuhu]] ([[User talk:Saad Nuhu|talk]]) 12:38, 29 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

==Closing the Gender Gap on Hausa Wikipedia==
Assalamu Alaikum Al’uman wannan gida mai Albarka shuwagabani da yan uwana editoci ina muku barka da wannan lokaci. Ina sanar daku cewa zamu gudanar da wayar dakai na matan Hausa Wikipedia nan bada jimawa ba idan Allah ya kaimu ina Neman goyan bayan ku da shawarwarinku Nagode.[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 20:52, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

=== Goyon baya ===
*

==Empowering Knowledge Through Wikimedia at American University of Nigeria==
Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, ina yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan barkanku da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, muna shirin wayarda ilimin Wikipedia a jami’an American University dake garin Adamawa.
Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi Bissalam.[[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 21:01, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Creation and patrolling of Hausa sound in Hausa Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons  ==
Assalamu alaikum, and Hello community member, I would like to seize this very opportunity to inform you that We currently apply for a project titled “Creation amd patrolling of Hausa sound in Hausa Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons” it is project that is designed to enroll participants, engage existing members coming together to acquire skills and knowledge on audio creation and patrolling base on Wikimedia guidelines policy.

Furthermore, the project is design to take participants through a series of trainings to acquire skills about audio, licensing format, skills on using audio Wikimedia  tools like spell4wiki and Lingua libre. 

Lasy, there are a lot to learn during the project training and workshops, feel free to join us or leave us a message, thank you  [[User:Anasskoko|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#00BFFF&quot;&gt;An@ss_koko&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:Anasskoko|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:#7F007F&quot;&gt;(Yi Magana)&lt;/sup&gt;]] 21:21, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC)

== Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices (Turn on beta in your Preferences settings) ==
''(Apologies for typing in English)''

Did you know that you can edit any Wikidata statement directly from your mobile device, just like on desktop?

Since April 2026 all datatypes are now supported for mobile editing. To try it out, make sure the beta feature is still enabled in your Preferences ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures Beta features] --&gt; &quot;Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices&quot;). Then visit any Item on your mobile.

Please test it and share your feedback while it's still in beta, so we can refine it for you before it goes live in the coming weeks. If you run into issues or have feedback, please share it on the project talk page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]].

Happy editing on mobile.
–[[User:Zita Zage (WMDE)|Zita Zage (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Zita Zage (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:29, 5 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)

== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)

(This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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      <text bytes="44344" sha1="4qug9lzblh08pky27au1ca65bpsrsbp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Open refrigerator with food at night.jpg|thumb|wajen Aje kayan sanhi]]
'''Firinji''' dai wata na'ura ce mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi da ake amfani da ita wajen ajiye kayayyakin abinci, ko maganin da yanayin zafi kan iya lala tawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Peavitt |first=Helen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ0wDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=refrigerator,+colloquially+fridge&amp;pg=PA8 |title=Refrigerator: The Story of Cool in the Kitchen |date=2017-11-15 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-78023-797-8 |pages=8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma a kan yi ajiyar ruwa a cikin sa domin ya sanyaya. Amma dai ko kafkirkirah firinji, an yi amannar cewa, mutanen da can na da dabaru irin nasu na adana abinci ba tare da ya lalace ba.Kuma irin waɗannan dabaru ne sannu a hankali aka inganta,har firinji ya samu da yanzu ake amfani da shi a gidaje da kuma dakunan girki irin na zamani. Tsayayyen yanayi da akafi ajiye kayan abinci shine 3 - 5 °C (37 - 41 °F).&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213114520/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bloom/actions/fridgefreezertips.shtml Keep your fridge-freezer clean and ice-free]. ''BBC''. 30 April 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Injin daskarewa wani firiji ne na musamman, ko yanki na firij, wanda ke kiyaye zafin abin cikinsa ƙasa da daskarewar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Aung |first1=Myo Min |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8feVEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Refrigeration+is+an+essential+food+storage+technique+around+the+world&amp;pg=PA46 |title=Cold Chain Management |last2=Chang |first2=Yoon Seok |date=2022-10-11 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-031-09567-2 |pages=46 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firjin ya maye gurbin akwatin kankara, wanda ya kasance kayan aikin gida na yau da kullun kusan karni daya da rabi. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar cewa a ajiye firiji a ko ƙasa da 4 ° C (40 ° F) kuma a daidaita injin daskarewa a -18 ° C (0 °F).&lt;ref name=&quot;fda.gov&quot;&gt;.
[https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/are-you-storing-food-safely#:~:text=Keep%20your%20appliances%20at%20the,Check%20temperatures%20periodically Are You Storing Food Safely?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305041356/https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/are-you-storing-food-safely#:~:text=Keep%20your%20appliances%20at%20the,Check%20temperatures%20periodically |date=5 March 2022 }}
 ''FDA''. 9 February 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsarin sanyaya abinci na farko shine kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Accorsi |first1=Riccardo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iC6dDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The+first+cooling+systems+for+food+involved+ice&amp;pg=PA189 |title=Sustainable Food Supply Chains: Planning, Design, and Control through Interdisciplinary Methodologies |last2=Manzini |first2=Riccardo |date=2019-06-12 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-813412-2 |pages=189 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara firiji na wucin gadi a tsakiyar shekarun 1750, kuma an haɓaka shi a farkon shekarun 1800.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Traitler |first1=Helmut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lU8DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Artificial+refrigeration+began+in+the+mid-1750s,+and+developed+in+the+early+1800s&amp;pg=PA120 |title=Megatrends in Food and Agriculture: Technology, Water Use and Nutrition |last2=Dubois |first2=Michel J. F. |last3=Heikes |first3=Keith |last4=Petiard |first4=Vincent |last5=Zilberman |first5=David |date=2018-02-05 |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-1-119-39114-2 |pages=120 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1834, an gina na'urar sanyaya tururi na farko da ke aiki, ta amfani da wannan fasaha da aka gani a cikin na'urorin sanyaya iska. An ƙirƙira na'ura ta farko ta kasuwanci ta yin ƙanƙara a cikin 1854.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Yahia |first=Elhadi M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0PKiDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=In+1834,+the+first+working+vapor-compression+refrigeration,+using+the+same+technology+seen+in+air+conditioners,+system+was+built&amp;pg=PA212 |title=Postharvest Technology of Perishable Horticultural Commodities |date=2019-07-16 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=978-0-12-813277-7 |pages=212 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1913, an ƙirƙira firji don amfanin gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=O'Reilly |first=Catherine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmMtAgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=In+1913,+refrigerators+for+home+use+were+invented&amp;pg=PT108 |title=Did Thomas Crapper Really Invent the Toilet?: The Inventions That Changed Our Homes and Our Lives |date=2008-11-17 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. |isbn=978-1-62873-278-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1923 Frigidaire ya gabatar da naúrar mai cin gashin kanta ta farko. Gabatarwar Freon a cikin 1920s ya faɗaɗa kasuwar firiji a cikin 1930s. An gabatar da injin daskarewa na gida a matsayin sassa daban-daban (mafi girma fiye da buƙata kawai don kankara) a cikin alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in 1940. Abincin daskararre, a da abu ne na alatu, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.

Ana amfani da sassan injin daskarewa a cikin gidaje da kuma a masana'antu da kasuwanni. An yi amfani da firiji na kasuwanci da na'urorin injin daskarewa kusan shekaru 40 kafin samfuran gida na gama gari. Salon injin daskarewa ya kasance salon asali tun shekarun 1940, har zuwa zamani, firij na gefe-gefe ya karya yanayin. Ana amfani da sake zagayowar tururi a yawancin firji na gida, firij-firiza da daskarewa. Sabbin firji na iya haɗawa da daskarewa ta atomatik, ruwan sanyi, da kankara daga na'urar rarrabawa a ƙofar.

== Tarihi ==
=== Ci gaban fasaha ===

[[File:Theater commercial, electric refrigerator, 1926.ogv|thumb|Commercial for electric refrigerators in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], 1926]]

''' Asalin asali '''

Iraniyawa na da sun kasance cikin farkon waɗanda suka ƙirƙira wani nau'in sanyaya ta amfani da ƙa'idodin sanyaya iska da radiyo da ake kira yakhchāls. Waɗannan rukunin gine-ginen sun yi amfani da wuraren ajiya na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wani babban tsari mai kauri a sama da ƙasa, kuma an yi masa ado da badgirs (masu kama iska) da jerin qanat (magudanan ruwa).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title= Thermal Performance of Sustainable Element in Moayedi Icehouse in Iran|url= https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1645243|access-date=2021-02-02|journal=International Journal of Architectural Heritage|year= 2021|doi= 10.1080/15583058.2019.1645243|language=en-US|last1= Ebrahimi|first1= Ali|last2= Shayegani|first2= Aida|last3= Zarandi|first3= Mahnaz Mahmoudi|volume= 15|issue= 5|pages= 740–756|s2cid= 202094054}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''' Firinji kafin wutan lantarki '''

A zamanin yau, kafin ƙirƙirar firjin lantarki na zamani, ana amfani da gidajen kankara da akwatunan kankara don samar da ajiyar sanyi a mafi yawan shekara. An sanya su kusa da tafkunan ruwa ko kuma cike da dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu, sun kasance sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Har yanzu ana amfani da hanyoyin halitta don kwantar da abinci a yau. A gefen tsaunuka, kwararowar dusar ƙanƙara hanya ce da ta dace don sanyaya abubuwan sha, kuma a lokacin hunturu ana iya kiyaye madarar ta daɗe sosai ta hanyar ajiye ta a waje. Kalmar “firiji” an yi amfani da ita aƙalla a farkon ƙarni na 17.&lt;ref&gt;Venetum Britannicum, 1676, London, p. 176 in the 1678 edition.&lt;/ref&gt;

''' Firinji na wucin gadi '''
{{multiple image
   | width     = 140
   | direction = vertical
   | image_style = border:0
   | image1    = Gorrie Ice Machine.png
   | alt1      = Mechanical drawing
   | caption1  = Schematic of Dr. John Gorrie's 1841 mechanical ice machine
   | image2    = AppareilCarré.jpg
   | alt2      = Mechanical drawing
   | caption2  = [[Ferdinand Carré]]'s ice-making device
}}

Tarihin firji na wucin gadi ya fara ne lokacin da farfesa dan Scotland William Cullen ya kera wata karamar na'ura mai sanyaya wuta a shekara ta 1755. Cullen ya yi amfani da famfo don haifar da wani bangare na injin daskarewa a kan kwandon diethyl ether, wanda sai ya tafasa, yana dauke da zafi daga wurin da ke kewaye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Arora|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=Refrigeration and Air Conditioning|url=https://archive.org/details/refrigerationair0000aror|publisher=PHI Learning|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-203-3915-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/refrigerationair0000aror/page/3 3]|chapter=Mechanical vapour compression refrigeration|date=30 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwajin har ma ya haifar da ɗan ƙaramin ƙanƙara, amma ba shi da amfani mai amfani a lokacin.

[[Image:Linde cycle 1895 -1903 patent cryo.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Carl von Linde|Linde]]'s 1895 patent for the [[Hampson–Linde cycle|refrigeration cycle]]]]
A cikin 1805, mai ƙirƙira Ba'amurke Oliver Evans ya bayyana rufaffiyar sake zagayowar sanyin tururi don samar da ƙanƙara ta ether a ƙarƙashin injin. A shekara ta 1820, Masanin kimiyar Burtaniya Michael Faraday ya shayar da ammonia da sauran iskar gas ta hanyar amfani da matsi mai yawa da kuma yanayin zafi, kuma a shekara ta 1834, wani Ba’amurke dan gudun hijira a Burtaniya, Jacob Perkins, ya gina na’urar sanyaya injin tururi na farko. Na'urar rufaffiyar zagayowar ce wacce za ta iya ci gaba da aiki.&lt;ref name=burstall&gt;{{cite book |last = Burstall |first = Aubrey F. |year = 1965 |title = A History of Mechanical Engineering |publisher = The MIT Press |isbn = 0-262-52001-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi irin wannan ƙoƙari a cikin 1842, ta likitan Amurka, John Gorrie, &lt;ref&gt;{{cite patent
| country = US
| number = 8080A
| title = Improved process for the artificial production of ice
| gdate = 1851-05-06
| inventor = John Gorrie
| url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080A
}} {{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080A |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=6 April 2025 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311122720/https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080A |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya gina samfurin aiki, amma gazawar kasuwanci ce. Injiniyan Ba’amurke Alexander Twining ya fitar da wata takardar shaidar mallakar Biritaniya a 1850 don tsarin tururi da ke amfani da ether.

Carl von Linde, farfesa na injiniya a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Munich a Jamus, ya ba da izinin ingantacciyar hanyar shayar da iskar gas a shekara ta 1876, wanda ya samar da na farko abin dogaro da ingantaccen firji-ammoniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/us/saf/prj/stg/ger/inv/enindex.htm|title=Step into German - German(y) - The TOP 40 German Inventions - Goethe-Institut|website=www.goethe.de|language=en|access-date=19 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sabon tsarin nasa ya ba da damar yin amfani da iskar gas irin su ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) da methyl chloride (CH3Cl) a matsayin refrigerant, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su sosai don wannan dalili har zuwa ƙarshen 1920s duk da matsalolin tsaro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=February 1978|title=Refrigerator vacuum dehydration unit|journal=Vacuum|volume=28|issue=2|pages=81|doi=10.1016/s0042-207x(78)80528-4|issn=0042-207X}}&lt;/ref&gt; A 1895 ya gano sake zagayowar refrigeration.

=== Firinjin wutan lantarki ===

[[File:French Refrigerator Plant Increases its Productivity - DPLA - 95f3ac5808bd87d40bb4379003218b75.jpg|thumb|right|Production of refrigerators in France, ca. 1950s]]
A cikin 1894, mai ƙirƙira ɗan ƙasar Hungary kuma ɗan masana'antu István Röck ya fara kera babban firiji na ammonia na masana'antu wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar kwamfurori na lantarki (tare da Ayyukan Injin Esslingen). Ganz Works ne ya kera na'urar damfararsa. A Baje kolin Millennium na 1896, Röck da Esslingen Machine Works sun gabatar da injin samar da kankara mai nauyin tonne 6. A cikin 1906, babban kantin sayar da sanyi na farko na Hungary (wanda yake da karfin tan 3,000, mafi girma a Turai) ya buɗe a Titin Tóth Kálmán, Budapest, Ganz Works ne ya kera na'urar. Har zuwa zama ƙasa bayan yakin duniya na biyu, manyan masana'antu na samar da firiji a Hungary yana hannun Röck da Ganz Works.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506202421/https://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02185/html/703.html The development and heyday of mechanical science] (Hungarian)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Firinji na gida ===

[[File:DOMELRE refrigerator c. 1914.png|thumb|DOMELRE refrigerator {{circa}}&amp;nbsp;1914]]
A cikin 1913, Fred W. Wolf na Fort Wayne, Indiana ya ƙirƙira kuma ya samar da na'urorin lantarki na farko don gida da gida, tare da samfuran da suka ƙunshi naúrar da aka ɗora a saman akwatin kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite patent
| country = US
| number = 1126605
| title = Refrigerating apparatus
| gdate = 1915-01-26
| fdate = 1913-04-07
| inventor = Fred W. Wolf
| url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US1126605
}} {{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US1126605 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=8 April 2025 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307165253/https://patents.google.com/patent/US1126605 |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Heldman2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Dennis R. Heldman|title=Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering (Print)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCRpUZzT2hMC&amp;pg=PA350|date=29 August 2003|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8247-0938-9|page=350|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505214053/https://books.google.com/books?id=fCRpUZzT2hMC&amp;pg=PA350|archive-date=5 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na'urarsa ta farko, wacce aka samar a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa a cikin raka'a dari da yawa, ana kiranta DOMELRE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DOMELRE First Electric Refrigerator {{!}} ashrae.org|url=https://www.ashrae.org/about/mission-and-vision/ashrae-industry-history/domelre-first-electric-refrigerator|access-date=2021-08-02|website=www.ashrae.org|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802013321/https://www.ashrae.org/about/mission-and-vision/ashrae-industry-history/domelre-first-electric-refrigerator|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Air Conditioning and Refrigeration History - part 3 - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century|url=http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3862|access-date=2021-08-02|website=www.greatachievements.org|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802013321/http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3862|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1914, injiniya Nathaniel B. Wales na Detroit, Michigan, ya gabatar da wani ra'ayi na na'ura mai amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda daga baya ya zama tushen Kelvinator. Alfred Mellowes ne ya kirkiro wani firji mai sarrafa kansa, tare da compressor a kasan majalisar a shekara ta 1916. Mellowes ne ya kera wannan firij a kasuwa amma William C. Durant ya siya a shekarar 1918, wanda ya kafa kamfanin Frigidaire don samar da firij da yawa. A cikin 1918, kamfanin Kelvinator ya gabatar da firiji na farko tare da kowane nau'in sarrafawa ta atomatik. Baltzar von Platen da Carl Munters daga Sweden ne suka kirkiro firjin na shayarwa a shekarar 1922, yayin da suke dalibai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Stockholm. Ya zama nasara a duk duniya kuma Electrolux ya tallata shi. Wasu majagaba sun haɗa da Charles Tellier, David Boyle, da Raoul Pictet. Carl von Linde shi ne na farko da ya fara yin haƙƙin mallaka kuma ya yi firji mai aiki da ƙarami.

[[File:Monitor refer.jpg|thumb|upright|right|General Electric &quot;Monitor-Top&quot; refrigerator, introduced in 1927, priced at $525, with the first all-steel cabinet, designed by Christian Steenstrup&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.industrialdesignhistory.com/book/export/html/148|title=G.E. Monitor Top Refrigerator|website=www.industrialdesignhistory.com|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416064632/http://www.industrialdesignhistory.com/book/export/html/148|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Firji na farko da aka fara ganin yadda ake amfani da shi shi ne firji na General Electric &quot;Monitor-Top&quot; da aka gabatar a shekarar 1927, wanda jama'a ke kira, saboda kamanceceniya da tururuwar bindiga a kan jirgin ruwan yaki na USS Monitor na 1860.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://refresearch.com/the-general-electric-monitor-top-refrigerator/|title=The General Electric Monitor Top Refrigerator|first=Neil|last=Lobocki|date=2017-10-04|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125203919/https://refresearch.com/the-general-electric-monitor-top-refrigerator/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ƙungiyar compressor, wadda ta fitar da zafi mai yawa, an sanya shi a saman majalisar, kuma an rufe shi da zobe na ado. An samar da sama da raka'a miliyan. A matsayinsa na firji, waɗannan firji sun yi amfani da ko dai sulfur dioxide, wanda ke lalata idanu kuma yana iya haifar da hasarar hangen nesa, konewar fata mai raɗaɗi da raunuka, ko methyl formate, wanda yake da ƙonewa sosai, yana cutar da idanu, kuma yana da guba idan an shaka ko an sha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.albanyinstitute.org/ge-monitor-top-refrigerator.html|title=GE Monitor-Top Refrigerator - Albany Institute of History and Art|website=www.albanyinstitute.org|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806165258/https://www.albanyinstitute.org/ge-monitor-top-refrigerator.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon firiji ==

Yawancin firji sun kasance fari a farkon shekarun 1950, amma tsakanin tsakiyar shekarun 1950 zuwa yanzu, masana'anta da masu zanen kaya sun kara launi. Launuka na pastel, kamar ruwan hoda da turquoise, sun sami shahara a ƙarshen 1950s da farkon 1960s. Wasu nau'ikan kuma sun sami gogaggen chrome plating, wanda yayi daidai da siffa ta bakin karfe. A lokacin ƙarshen 1960s da farkon 1970s, launukan sautin duniya sun shahara, gami da Harvest Gold, Avocado Green da almond. A cikin Shekaran 1980s, baƙar fata ya zama na zamani. A ƙarshen 1990s bakin karfe ya fara fitowa. Tun 1961 Rukunin Kasuwancin Launi ya yi ƙoƙarin daidaita launukan kayan aiki da sauran kayan masarufi.

== Injin daskarewa ==
Ana amfani da rukunin injin daskarewa a gidaje da masana'antu da kasuwanci. Abincin da aka adana a ko ƙasa da -18 ° C (0 °F) yana da lafiya har abada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/freezing-and-food-safety |title = Freezing and food safety |publisher = USDA |access-date = 6 August 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130918190328/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/freezing-and-food-safety |archive-date = 18 September 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin injin daskarewa na gida suna kula da yanayin zafi daga -23 zuwa -18 °C (-9 zuwa 0 °F), kodayake wasu raka'o'in injin daskarewa za su iya cimma -34 °C (-29 °F) da ƙasa. Masu daskarewa gabaɗaya ba sa samun ƙasa da -23 °C (-9 °F), tunda madauki ɗaya na sanyaya yana hidima ga sassan biyu: Rage zafin dakin injin daskarewa yana haifar da matsala wajen kiyaye zafin jiki sama da daskarewa a cikin ɗakin firiji. Ana iya haɗa injin daskarewa na cikin gida azaman ɗaki daban a cikin firiji, ko na iya zama na'urar dabam. Daskarewa na cikin gida na iya zama ko dai a tsaye, kama da firiji, ko injin daskarewa, mafi fadi fiye da tsayi tare da murfi ko kofa a saman, yana sadaukar da dacewa don inganci da kariya ta wani bangare ga katsewar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46453245 |title=Advertising |newspaper=[[The Australian Women's Weekly]] |location=Australia |date=19 September 1973 |access-date=13 January 2020 |page=26 |via=Trove |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425113411/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46453245 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin injin daskarewa na zamani suna zuwa tare da na'urar rarraba kankara da aka gina a cikin ƙofarsu. Wasu samfura masu girma sun haɗa da nunin thermostat da sarrafawa.

Masu daskarewar gida a matsayin sassa daban-daban (mafi girma fiye da buƙata kawai don kankara), ko azaman raka'a daban, an gabatar da su a cikin Amurka a cikin 1940. Abincin daskararre, a da abu ne na alatu, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.

A cikin 1955 injin daskarewa mai zurfi na cikin gida, wanda ya yi sanyi sosai don ba da damar masu su daskare sabo da kansu maimakon siyan abincin da aka riga aka daskare tare da tsarin Clarence Birdseye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaSDBwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Deep+freezers+go+on+sale+in+the+United+States%22&amp;pg=PT239 |title=The Handy Nutrition Answer Book |isbn=9781578595532 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425113417/https://books.google.com/books?id=qaSDBwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Deep+freezers+go+on+sale+in+the+United+States%22&amp;pg=PT239 |url-status=live |last1=Barnes-Svarney |first1=Patricia |last2=Svarney |first2=Thomas E. |date=23 February 2015 |publisher=Visible Ink Press }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-02-25-9001170072-story.html |title=Power To The People – Chicago Tribune |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=25 February 1990 |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116095022/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-02-25-9001170072-story.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Injin daskarewa da ake iya shiga ===

Akwai tafiya a cikin injin daskarewa, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, suna ba da damar mutum ya shiga cikin injin daskarewa. Dokokin tsaro suna buƙatar sakin gaggawa kuma masu ɗaukan ma'aikata su duba don tabbatar da cewa babu wanda zai makale a ciki lokacin da naúrar ta kulle saboda hypothermia yana yiwuwa idan mutum yana cikin injin daskarewa na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2024 |title=What are The Health and Safety Standards for Walk-in Refrigeration? |url=https://www.chefsdeal.com/blog/health-and-safety-standards-for-walk-ins |access-date=May 24, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fasahar friji ==

[[File:Refrigerator Cycle.svg|thumb|Basic functioning of a refrigerator]]
[[File:Introduction to the Process and Components of a Conventional Refrigerator.ogv|thumb|Process and components of a conventional refrigerator]]
[[File:Refrigerator-cycle.svg|thumb|Vapor compression cycle – A: hot compartment (kitchen), B: cold compartment (refrigerator box), I: insulation, 1: Condenser, 2: Expansion valve, 3: Evaporator unit, 4: Compressor]]
[[File:Refrigeration comp and coil.jpg|thumb|An [[Embraco]] compressor and fan-assisted condenser coil]]

=== Firinji na kwampreso ===

Ana amfani da sake zagayowar tururi a yawancin firji na gida, firij-firiza da daskarewa. A cikin wannan sake zagayowar, firiji mai zagayawa kamar R134a yana shigar da kwampreso a matsayin tururi mara ƙarfi a ƙasa ko ƙasa da zafin jiki na cikin firiji. Tururi yana matsawa kuma yana fita daga compressor a matsayin tururi mai tsananin zafi. Tururi mai zafi yana tafiya ƙarƙashin matsi ta hanyar coils ko bututu waɗanda ke haɗa na'urar; coils ko bututu ana sanyaya su ta hanyar fallasa iska a cikin ɗakin. Condenser yana kwantar da tururi, wanda ke yin ruwa. Yayin da na'urar sanyaya ta fita daga na'urar, har yanzu tana cikin matsi amma yanzu ya dan yi sama da zafin dakin. Ana tilasta wa wannan na'urar sanyaya ruwa ta hanyar aunawa ko na'ura mai tsumawa, wanda kuma aka sani da bawul ɗin faɗaɗawa (mahimmanci maƙarƙashiya mai girman ramin fil a cikin bututu) zuwa wani yanki mai ƙarancin matsa lamba.

=== Zane-zanen ɗaki biyu ===

Na'urorin firji masu sassa biyu suna buƙatar ƙira ta musamman don sarrafa sanyaya na firij ko ɗakunan daskarewa. Yawanci, compressors da coils suna hawa a saman majalisar, tare da fan guda ɗaya don kwantar da su duka biyun. Wannan tsari yana da ƴan kasala: kowane ɗaki ba za a iya sarrafa kansa da kansa ba kuma ana haɗa iskar firji mai ɗanɗano da busasshen iska.&lt;ref name=sear-dual&gt;{{cite web |title=What is Dual-Cooling Technology? |url=https://www.sears.com/articles/appliances/refrigerators/what-is-dual-cooling-in-refrigerators.html |website=www.sears.com |language=en |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806175607/https://www.sears.com/articles/appliances/refrigerators/what-is-dual-cooling-in-refrigerators.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shaye firiji ==

Firinji mai shayarwa yana aiki daban da na'urar damfara, ta amfani da tushen zafi, kamar konewar iskar gas mai ruwa, makamashin zafin rana ko na'urar dumama wutar lantarki. Wadannan hanyoyin zafi sun fi natsuwa fiye da injin kwampreso a cikin firiji na yau da kullun. Fanko ko famfo na iya zama kawai sassan motsi na inji.

Sauran amfani da na'urar firji (ko &quot;chiller&quot;) sun haɗa da manyan tsarin da ake amfani da su a gine-ginen ofis ko gidaje kamar asibitoci da jami'o'i. Ana amfani da waɗannan manyan tsarin don kwantar da maganin brine wanda ke yaduwa ta cikin ginin.

=== Firji mai ƙaramin zafin jiki ===

Ultra-sanyi&quot; ko &quot;ultra-low zafin jiki (ULT)&quot; (yawanci -80 ko -86 °C [-112 ko -123 °F]) injin daskarewa, kamar yadda ake amfani da su don adana samfurori na halitta, kuma gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar matakai biyu na sanyaya, amma a cikin cascade. Ƙananan zafin jiki yana amfani da methane, ko wani gas mai kama da haka, tare da na'urar sanyi ta ° C. mataki wanda ke amfani da firinji na al'ada.

Don ƙananan yanayin zafi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje yawanci suna siyan nitrogen ruwa (-196 °C [-320.8 °F]), ana ajiye su a cikin kwandon Dewar, wanda aka dakatar da samfuran. Masu daskarewar kirji na Cryogenic na iya cimma yanayin zafi zuwa -150 ° C (-238 ° F), kuma yana iya haɗawa da madadin ruwa na nitrogen.

== Tsarin tsari ==

Yawancin firij/firiza na zamani suna da injin daskarewa a sama da firji a ƙasa. Yawancin injin daskarewa - ban da samfurin defrost na hannu ko raka'a masu rahusa - suna amfani da abin da ya zama kamar na'urori masu auna zafin jiki guda biyu. Wurin firij ne kawai ake sarrafa yanayin zafi sosai. Lokacin da firiji ya yi zafi sosai, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio zai fara aikin sanyaya kuma fan yana zagayawa da iska kewaye da injin daskarewa. A wannan lokacin, firiji kuma yana yin sanyi. Kullin kula da injin daskarewa yana sarrafa adadin iskar da ke shiga cikin firij ta hanyar damfara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060705170456/http://www.geappliances.com/search/fast/infobase/10000661.htm Refrigerator – Adjusting Temperature Controls]. geappliances.com&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan yana nufin firji na iya yin zafi sosai. Koyaya, saboda isassun iskar da ake juyar da ita zuwa dakin firiji, injin daskarewa yawanci yana sake samun yanayin da aka saita cikin sauri, sai dai idan an buɗe ƙofar. Lokacin da aka bude kofa, ko dai a cikin firij ko injin daskarewa, fanka a wasu raka'a yana tsayawa nan da nan don hana sanyin da ya wuce kima akan na'urar dakon injin daskarewa, saboda wannan nada yana sanyaya wurare biyu. Lokacin da injin daskarewa ya kai zafin jiki, naúrar zata kashe, komai zafin firij. Fiji na zamani ba sa amfani da tsarin damper. Kwamfuta tana sarrafa saurin fan don duka sassan biyu, kodayake har yanzu ana hura iska daga injin daskarewa.

== Soffofi ==
[[File:Fridgeinterior.jpg|thumb|The inside of a home refrigerator containing a large variety of everyday food items]]

Sabbin firji ya kunshi:
* Defrosting ta atomatik
*Gargadin gazawar wuta wanda ke faɗakar da mai amfani ta hanyar walƙiya nunin zafin jiki. Yana iya nuna matsakaicin zafin jiki da aka kai yayin gazawar wutar lantarki, da kuma ko abincin daskararre ya bushe ko yana iya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.
*Ruwan sanyi da ƙanƙara daga na'urar rarrabawa a ƙofar. Ana samun isar ruwa da kankara a cikin 1970s. A wasu firji, tsarin yin ƙanƙara yana cikin ciki don kada mai amfani ya yi amfani da tiren kankara da hannu. Wasu firji suna da injin sanyaya ruwa da tsarin tace ruwa.
*Rollers na majalisar da ke barin firij ya fito don sauƙin tsaftacewa
*Shirye-shiryen daidaituwa da trays
*Alamar matsayi wanda ke sanar da lokacin da ya dace don canza matatar ruwa
*Ƙofar ƙanƙara na cikin gida, wanda ke mayar da wurin ajiyar kankara zuwa ƙofar injin daskarewa kuma yana adana kusan lita 60 (2.1 cu ft) na sararin injin daskarewa mai amfani. Hakanan ana iya cirewa, kuma yana taimakawa hana toshe mai yin ƙanƙara.
*Yankin sanyaya a cikin ɗakunan kofa na firiji. Ana karkatar da iska daga sashin injin daskarewa zuwa ƙofar firiji, don sanyaya madara ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka adana a cikin shiryayyen ƙofar.
*Ƙofar saukar da ƙasa da aka gina a cikin babban ƙofar firiji, yana ba da sauƙi ga abubuwan da ake amfani da su akai-akai kamar madara, don haka ceton kuzari ta hanyar rashin buɗe babban ƙofar.
*Aikin daskarewa mai sauri zuwa abinci mai sanyi cikin sauri ta hanyar tafiyar da kwampreso na wani ƙayyadadden adadin lokaci don haka rage zafin daskarewa na ɗan lokaci ƙasa da matakan aiki na yau da kullun. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan fasalin sa'o'i da yawa kafin ƙara fiye da kilogiram 1 na abinci mara daskarewa a cikin injin daskarewa. Don masu daskarewa ba tare da wannan fasalin ba, rage yanayin yanayin zafi zuwa mafi sanyi zai yi tasiri iri ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite patent
| country = US
| number = 2579848
| title = Butter conditioner
| gdate = 1951-12-25
| fdate = 1949-09-17
| inventor = Alfred E. Nave
| url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US2579848
}} {{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2579848 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=15 May 2025 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415212713/https://patents.google.com/patent/US2579848 |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nau'in firiji na gida ==

Ana yin firji na cikin gida da daskarewa don ajiyar abinci a cikin kewayon girma dabam. Daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta akwai firjin Peltier mai girman lita 4 (0.14 cu ft) wanda aka tallata yana iya ɗaukar gwangwani 6 na giya. Babban firij na gida yana da tsayi kamar mutum kuma yana iya zama kusan mita 1 (3.3 ft) faɗinsa tare da ƙarfin lita 600 (21 cu ft). Wasu samfura don ƙananan gidaje sun dace a ƙarƙashin saman aikin dafa abinci, yawanci kusan 86 centimeters (34 in) tsayi. Ana iya haɗa firji tare da injin daskarewa, ko dai an jera su da firji ko injin daskarewa a sama, ƙasa, ko gefe da gefe. Firji ba tare da daskararre ɗakin ajiyar abinci ba na iya samun ƙaramin sashe don yin ƙullun kankara. Masu daskarewa na iya samun aljihunan da za su adana abinci a ciki, ko kuma ba su da rarrabuwa (masu daskarewar ƙirji).

Refrigerators da injin daskarewa na iya zama masu zaman kansu, ko kuma an gina su a cikin kabad ɗin kicin. 

Daban-daban cikin nau'ikan firiji guda uku sun zama gama gari:

=== Firinji na kwampreso ===

Nau'in firji na kwampreso sune mafi yawan nau'in; suna yin amo mai ganuwa, amma sun fi dacewa kuma suna ba da sakamako mafi girma na sanyaya. Firinji mai ɗaukar hoto don abin hawa na nishaɗi (RV) da amfani da zango suna da tsada amma tasiri kuma abin dogaro. Za a iya yin raka'a na firiji don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da masana'antu a cikin girma dabam, siffofi da salo daban-daban don dacewa da bukatun abokin ciniki. Na'urorin firji na kasuwanci da masana'antu na iya samun na'urorin damfaransu da ke nesa da majalisar ministocin (mai kama da tsaga na'urorin sanyaya iska) don rage hayaniya da rage nauyi akan kwandishan a lokacin zafi.

=== Firjin sha ===

Ana iya amfani da firji mai ɗaukar ido a cikin ayari da tireloli, da gidajen da ba su da wutar lantarki, kamar gonaki ko ɗakunan karkara, inda suke da dogon tarihi. Ana iya amfani da su ta kowace hanyar zafi: gas (na halitta ko propane) ko kananzir na gama gari. Samfuran da aka yi don yin sansani da amfani da RV galibi suna da zaɓi na gudana (rashin inganci) akan ƙarfin baturi 12 volt.

=== Firjin Peltier ===

Peltier firji yana amfani da wutar lantarki, yawanci 12 volt DC, amma ana samun masu sanyaya ruwan inabi masu ƙarfi. Firinji na Peltier ba su da tsada amma ba su da inganci kuma suna ci gaba da zama marasa inganci tare da ƙarin tasirin sanyaya; Yawancin wannan rashin aikin na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen zafin jiki a cikin ɗan gajeren tazara tsakanin bangarorin &quot;zafi&quot; da &quot;sanyi&quot; na cell ɗin Peltier. Peltier firji gabaɗaya suna amfani da magudanar zafi da magoya baya don rage wannan bambancin; hayaniya kawai ta fito daga fanka. Mayar da polarity na ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da su ga sel Peltier yana haifar da dumama maimakon sakamako mai sanyaya.

=== Magnetic firji ===

*Firji na Magnetic ne waɗanda ke aiki akan tasirin magnetocaloric. Ana haifar da tasirin sanyaya ta hanyar sanya gawa na ƙarfe a cikin filin maganadisu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.physorg.com/news64851465.html &quot;Towards the magnetic fridge&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207135221/http://www.physorg.com/news64851465.html |date=7 December 2008 }}. ''Physorg''. 21 April 2006&lt;/ref&gt;

*Acoustic firji sune firji da ke amfani da injuna/masu maye gurbi don samar da sautin da ke juyar da zafi da sanyi ta amfani da iskar helium da aka matsa. Ana watsar da zafin kuma sanyin ya kai ga firiji.

== Amfanin makamashi ==
[[File:Energy label 2010.svg|thumb|A European energy label for a refrigerator]]

A cikin gidan da ba shi da kwandishan (dumin sararin samaniya da/ko sanyaya) firji na cinye makamashi fiye da kowace na'ura na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Which UK – Saving Energy|url=http://www.which.co.uk/energy/saving-money/guides/energy-labels-explained/fridge-and-freezer-energy-labels|work=Which UK|access-date=10 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110161250/http://www.which.co.uk/energy/saving-money/guides/energy-labels-explained/fridge-and-freezer-energy-labels|archive-date=10 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon shekarun 1990 an gudanar da gasa tsakanin manyan masana'antun Amurka don karfafa ingancin makamashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Feist, J. W. |author2=Farhang, R. |author3=Erickson, J. |author4=Stergakos, E. |title=Super Efficient Refrigerators: The Golden Carrot from Concept to Reality |journal=Proceedings of the ACEEE |year=1994 |volume=3 |pages=3.67–3.76 |url=http://cgec.ucdavis.edu/ACEEE/1994-96/1994/VOL03/067.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925105645/http://cgec.ucdavis.edu/ACEEE/1994-96/1994/VOL03/067.PDF |archive-date=25 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Samfuran Amurka na yanzu waɗanda suka cancanci Energy Star suna amfani da ƙarancin kuzari 50% fiye da matsakaicin ƙirar 1974 da aka yi amfani da su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Refrigerators &amp; Freezers |work=Energy Star |url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=refrig.pr_refrigerators |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207074043/http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=refrig.pr_refrigerators |archive-date=7 February 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naúrar da ta fi dacewa da makamashi da aka yi a cikin Amurka tana cinye kusan rabin kilowatt-hour a kowace rana (daidai da 20 W ci gaba).&lt;ref&gt;Itakura, Kosuke. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070118051403/http://www.humboldt.edu/~ccat/energyconservation/sunfrost/kosukiSP2002/index.html Sun Frost – The World's Most Efficient Refrigerators]. Humboldt.edu&lt;/ref&gt; Amma ko da na yau da kullun na raka'a suna da inganci; wasu ƙananan raka'a suna amfani da ƙasa da 0.2 kWh kowace rana (daidai da 8 W ci gaba). Manyan raka'a, musamman waɗanda ke da manyan injin daskarewa da masu yin kankara, na iya amfani da kusan 4 kW·h kowace rana (daidai da 170 W ci gaba). Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai tana amfani da alamar wasiƙa ta wajabta ƙimar ƙimar ingancin makamashi, tare da A shine mafi inganci, maimakon Tauraruwar Makamashi.

Ga firji na Amurka, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (CEE) ta ƙara bambanta tsakanin firiji masu cancantar Energy Star. Fiji na Tier 1 sune waɗanda ke da 20% zuwa 24.9% mafi inganci fiye da mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodin Tarayya waɗanda Dokar Kare Makamashi ta Kasa (NAECA) ta gindaya. Tier 2 sune waɗanda suka fi 25% zuwa 29.9% inganci. Tier 3 shine mafi girman cancantar, ga waɗannan firji waɗanda suka fi inganci aƙalla kashi 30 cikin ɗari fiye da ƙa'idodin Tarayya.[42] Kimanin kashi 82% na firiji masu cancantar Energy Star sune Tier 1, tare da 13% cancanta a matsayin Tier 2, kuma kawai 5% a Tier 3.

Bayan daidaitaccen salon damfara da ake amfani da su a cikin firji na gida na yau da kullun da injin daskarewa, akwai fasahohi irin su sha da na'urar maganadisu. Ko da yake waɗannan ƙirar gabaɗaya suna amfani da kuzari fiye da injin damfara, wasu halaye kamar aikin shiru ko ikon yin amfani da iskar gas na iya fifita amfani da su a cikin ƙananan matsuguni, muhallin wayar hannu ko a wuraren da gazawar firiji ba zai yiwu ba.

Yawancin firji da aka yi a shekarun 1930 da 1940 sun fi inganci fiye da yawancin waɗanda aka yi daga baya. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda fasalulluka da aka ƙara daga baya, kamar su-defrost, wanda ya rage aiki. Bugu da ƙari, bayan Yaƙin Duniya na 2, salon firiji ya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da inganci. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman a cikin Amurka a cikin 1970s, lokacin da samfuran gefe-da-gefe (wanda aka sani da firjin-firiza na Amurka a wajen Amurka) tare da masu ba da kankara da masu sanyaya ruwa suka zama sananne. Hakanan ana rage yawan abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi don rage girman akwati da farashin masana'anta.

=== Ingantawa ===
[[File:ExpensiveRefrigerators.JPG|thumb|Display of modern American-style / side-by-side refrigerators, available for purchase in a store]]

A tsawon lokaci an ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun makamashi na firji kuma an ƙarfafa su, wanda ya haifar da ci gaba; Fiji na ƙarni na 21 yawanci sun fi ƙarfin kuzari sau uku fiye da na 1930s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | title=Successes of Energy Efficiency: The United States and California National Trust | url=http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-999-2007-023/CEC-999-2007-023.PDF | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225075006/http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-999-2007-023/CEC-999-2007-023.PDF | archive-date=25 February 2012 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news  |title=Out With the Old, In With the New  |url=http://www.nrdc.org/air/energy/appliance/app1.pdf  |author1=Calwell, Chris  |author2=Reeder, Travis  |name-list-style=amp  |year=2001  |work=Natural Resources Defense Council  |url-status=live  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608090449/http://www.nrdc.org/air/energy/appliance/app1.pdf  |archive-date=8 June 2011  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Za'a iya inganta ingancin tsofaffin firji ta hanyar defrosting na yau da kullun (idan naúrar ta zama defrost na hannu) da tsaftacewa, maye gurbin tabarbarewar hatimin ƙofa tare da sababbi, ba saita yanayin zafi fiye da yadda ake buƙata (firiji ba yawanci yana buƙatar sanyi fiye da 4 ° C (39 °F)), da maye gurbin rufi, inda ya dace. Tsaftace na'ura mai kwakwalwa don cire ƙura mai hana zafin zafi, da kuma tabbatar da cewa akwai sarari don kwararar iska a kusa da na'urar na iya inganta aiki.

=== Defrosting na atomatik ===

Firji da injin daskarewa marasa sanyi suna amfani da magoya bayan wutar lantarki don kwantar da wurin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bvxCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA21|title=Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration|last1=Kakaç|first1=Sadik|last2=Avelino|first2=M. R.|last3=Smirnov|first3=H. F.|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401000994|language=en|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425113424/https://books.google.com/books?id=7bvxCAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA21|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ana iya kiransa firji mai “fan tilastawa”, yayin da raka’o’in defrost na hannu sun dogara da iska mai sanyi da ke kwance a ƙasa, tare da iska mai dumi a saman don samun isasshen sanyaya. Ana shigar da iskar ta hanyar bututun shigarwa sannan a wuce ta wurin mai fitar da ruwa inda aka sanyaya shi, sannan ana zagaya iskar a ko'ina cikin majalisar ministocin ta hanyar ducts da filaye. Saboda iskar da ke wucewa da injin yana da dumi da ɗanɗano, sanyi ya fara buɗewa a kan mashin ɗin (musamman akan injin daskarewa). A cikin arha da/ko tsofaffin ƙira, ana sarrafa zagayowar defrost ta hanyar mai ƙidayar injina. An saita wannan mai ƙidayar lokaci don kashe kwampreso da fanka kuma ya ƙarfafa kayan dumama da ke kusa ko kusa da mai fitar da ruwa na kimanin mintuna 15 zuwa 30 a kowane awa 6 zuwa 12. Wannan yana narkar da duk wani sanyi ko ginin ƙanƙara kuma yana ba da damar firiji ya sake yin aiki akai-akai sau ɗaya. An yi imanin cewa raka'a marasa sanyi suna da ƙarancin juriya ga sanyi, saboda na'urar sanyaya iska kamar coils. Don haka, idan aka bar kofa a buɗe ba da gangan (musamman injin daskarewa), tsarin daskarewa ba zai iya cire duk sanyi ba, a wannan yanayin, injin daskarewa (ko firji) dole ne a narkar da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Badri&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Badri |first1=Deyae |last2=Toublanc |first2=Cyril |last3=Rouaud |first3=Olivier |last4=Havet |first4=Michel |date=2021-11-01 |title=Review on frosting, defrosting and frost management techniques in industrial food freezers |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121008236 |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |volume=151 |pages=111545 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2021.111545 |bibcode=2021RSERv.15111545B |issn=1364-0321}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Inverter ===
[[File:Холодильник в сельском магазине.jpg|thumb|Refrigerator in a rural store]]

Da zuwan na'urorin inverter na dijital, yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da shi ya ma kara raguwa fiye da na'urar kwampreshin induction mai sauri guda ɗaya, don haka yana ba da gudummawar ƙarancin iskar gas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.samsung.com/global/how-the-digital-inverter-compressor-has-transformed-the-modern-refrigerator|title=How the Digital Inverter Compressor Has Transformed the Modern Refrigerator|website=news.samsung.com|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215211111/https://news.samsung.com/global/how-the-digital-inverter-compressor-has-transformed-the-modern-refrigerator|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawan kuzarin firij shima ya dogara da nau'in firjin da ake yi. Misali, Inverter Refrigerators suna cinye makamashi kadan fiye da na yau da kullun mara juyi. A cikin firiji inverter, ana amfani da kwampreso bisa ga buƙatu. Misali, injin inverter na iya amfani da karancin kuzari a lokacin hunturu fiye da yadda yake yi a lokacin bazara. Wannan shi ne saboda compressor yana aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci fiye da yadda yake yi a lokacin bazara.&lt;ref&gt;Chang, Wen Ruey; Liu, Der Yeong; Chen, San Guei; and Wu, Nan Yi, &quot;The Components and Control Methods for Implementation of Inverter-Controlled Refrigerators/Freezers&quot; (2004). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 696. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/696&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Siffa ===

Tsarin jiki na firji shima yana taka rawa sosai wajen ingancin kuzarinsa. Mafi inganci shine injin daskarewa irin na ƙirji, saboda ƙirarsa ta saman buɗewa yana rage juzu'i lokacin buɗe ƙofofin, yana rage yawan iska mai dumi da ke shiga injin daskarewa. A gefe guda kuma, na'urorin rarraba kankara na cikin gida suna haifar da ɗigon zafi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar amfani da makamashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=[[Technology Connections]] |title=Chest Freezers; What they tell us about designing for X |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGAhWgkKlHI |website=YouTube |date=April 7, 2020 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512202858/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGAhWgkKlHI |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gallery ==

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
File:Commercial Refrigerator Advertisement 1905.jpg|McCray pre-electric home refrigerator ad from 1905; this company, founded in 1887, is still in business
File:Antique refrigerator - Hemingway House.jpg|A 1930s era General Electric &quot;Globe Top&quot; refrigerator in the Ernest Hemingway House
File:MonitorTopFridgeHarvard.jpg|General Electric &quot;Monitor-Top&quot; refrigerator, still in use, June 2007
File:1963 Frigidaire Imperial refrigerator.jpg|Frigidaire Imperial &quot;Frost Proof&quot; model FPI-16BC-63, top refrigerator/bottom freezer with brushed chrome door finish made by [[Frigidaire|General Motors]] Canada in 1963
File:LG refrigerator interior.jpg|A side-by-side refrigerator-freezer with an [[icemaker]] (2011)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Manazarta==</text>
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[[Fayil:Secondary tumor deposits in the liver from a primary cancer of the pancreas.jpg|thumb|Ciwon daji]]
[[Fayil:Sri Sankara TV Logo.png|thumb|sankara]]
'''Ciwon Daji''' rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke tattare da hadakar kwayoyin halitta ''(cell)'' mara kyau, tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer&quot;. ''World Health Organization''. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=28 March 2018|date=17 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan sun bambanta da ciwace-ciwacen daji, wanda ba su yaduwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; Alamun cutar ya hada da dungulewa, zub da jini mara kyau, tari mai tsawo, rama da canji a cikin [[Bahaya|motsin hanji]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer – Signs and symptoms&quot;. ''NHS Choices''. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wadannan cuwuka suna iya nuna akamun ciwon daji, suna iya wani cutan na daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Akwai sama da [[Jerin Nau'ikan Ciwon Daji|nau'ikan ciwukan daji guda 100]] da ke shafar mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; 

[[Shan taba]] shine Kuma sanadin kusan kashi 22% na mace-mace ta hanyar cutar daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2014-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608104550/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/cancer/Pages/symptoms.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran kashi 10% kuma yana faruwa ne saboda kiba, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, rashin motsa jiki ko yawan shan barasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Obesity and Cancer Risk|url=http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=4 July 2015|date=3 January 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704154440/http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|archive-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Jayasekara H, MacInnis RJ, Room R, English DR|title=Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Breast, Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism|volume=51|issue=3|pages=315–30|date=May 2016|pmid=26400678|doi=10.1093/alcalc/agv110|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan sun hada da wasu cututtuka, da fallasa hasken ionizing, da gurbataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kashi 15 cikin 100 na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda cututtuka irin su ''Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human papillomavirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus da Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ciwon huhu]]&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan abubuwan suna aiki, akalla, ta hanyar canza kwayoyin halittar tantanin halitta. Yawanci, ana bukatar yawan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta kafin ciwon daji ya taso. Kusan kashi 5-10% na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda illar gado. Ana kuma iya gano cutar sankara ta wasu alamu da alamomi ko gwaje-gwajen tantancewa. Sa'an nan yawanci ana cigaba da bincike ta hanyar hoton asibiti kuma ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ''biopsy''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=How is cancer diagnosed?|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|website=American Cancer Society|date=29 January 2013|access-date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120018/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|archive-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ana iya rage hadarin habakar wasu cututtukan daji ta hanyar rashin shan taba, kiyaye lafiyar kiba, iyakance yawan shan barasa, yawan cin [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]], [[dan'ice|'ya'yan itatuwa]], da cin sitaci,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mathers|first1=John C.|last2=CAPP 2 investigators|title=Cancer prevention with resistant starch in Lynch Syndrome patients in the CAPP2-randomized placebo controlled trial: planned 10-year follow-up|journal=Cancer Prevention Journal|date=1 September 2022|volume=15|issue=9|pages=623–634|doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044|pmid=35878732|pmc=9433960|url=https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-13|title=Cancer Symptoms: THESE symptoms are common in 5 types of cancers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/these-symptoms-are-common-in-5-types-of-cancers/photostory/96194648.cms|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; da dukan hatsi, [[Alluran rigakafi|rigakafi]] da wasu cututtuka masu yaduwa, iyakance cin nama da aka sarrafa da jan name, da iyakance yawan shiga hasken rana kai tsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kushi2012&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T|s2cid=2067308|title=American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ca-a-cancer-journal-for-clinicians_january-february-2012_62_1/page/30|journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians|volume=62|issue=1|pages=30–67|year=2012|pmid=22237782|doi=10.3322/caac.20140|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC|title=16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010|journal=British Journal of Cancer|volume=105|issue=Suppl 2|pages=S77–81|date=December 2011|pmid=22158327|pmc=3252065|doi=10.1038/bjc.2011.489}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gano cutar da wuri ta hanyar dubawa yana da amfani ga [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]] na mahaifa da na launi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WCR2014Scr&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|url=http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|pages=Chapter 4.7|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|archive-date=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai sabani dangane da muhammancin gwajin cutar sankarar nono.&lt;ref name=&quot;Got2013&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ|title=Screening for breast cancer with mammography|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2013|issue=6|pages=CD001877|date=June 2013|pmid=23737396|pmc=6464778|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin lokaci ana bi da kansa tare da wasu hadewar maganin ''radiation'', tiyata, ''chemotherapy'' da maganin da aka yi niyya . Radadi da kulawa da alamu sune muhimmin sashi na kulawa. Kulawa da jin dadi yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da cigaba.  Damar tsira ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da girman cutar a farkon jiyya.  A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 a lokacin ganewar asali, adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar a cikin duniya da suka cigaba yana kan matsakaicin 80%.  Ga ciwon daji a Amurka, matsakaicin adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar shine 66%. 

A cikin shekara ta 
2015, kusan mutane miliyan 90.5 sun kamu da cutar kansa.  Ya zuwa 2019, kusan sabbin maganganu miliyan 18 na faruwa a shekara.  A kowace shekara, ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane miliyan 8.8 (15.7% na mace-mace ).  Mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji a cikin maza sune [[Ciwon huhun daji|ciwon huhu]], [[Ciwon daji na prostate|ciwon prostate]], [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]], da ciwon ciki .  A cikin mata, nau'o'in da aka fi sani da shi sune ciwon nono, ciwon daji, ciwon huhu, da ciwon mahaifa.  Idan [[ciwon daji na fata]] banda melanoma ya kasance cikin sabbin cututtukan daji kowace shekara, zai kai kusan kashi 40% na lokuta.   A cikin yara, cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphoblastic da kuma ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa sun fi yawa, sai dai a Afirka, inda lymphoma ba Hodgkin ke faruwa sau da yawa.  A cikin 2012, kimanin yara 165,000 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 sun kamu da ciwon daji.  Haarin cutar kansa yana ƙaruwa sosai da shekaru, kuma yawancin cututtukan daji suna faruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Yawan kudi yana karuwa yayin da mutane da yawa ke rayuwa har zuwa tsufa kuma yayin da canje-canjen salon rayuwa ke faruwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.  A kudi halin kaka na ciwon daji aka kiyasta a 1,16 tiriliyan USD a kowace shekara {{As of|2010}}.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Cancer.webm|thumbtime=0:32|thumb|Video summary (script)]]

== '''Asalin kalma da ma'anoni''' ==
Kalmar ta fito daga tsohuwar Girkanci καρκίνος, ma'ana ''kaguwa'' da ''ƙari'' . Likitocin Girka '''Hippocrates''' da '''Galen''', da sauransu, sun lura da kamannin kaguwa da wasu ciwace-ciwacen daji masu kumbura. An gabatar da kalmar a Turanci a ma'anar likitancin zamani a kusa da 1600. 

Ciwon daji ya kunshi babban iyali na cututtuka wadanda suka hada da hadakar kwayar sel mara kyau tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Suna samar da wani yanki na ''neoplasms'' . '''Neoplasm''' ko kari wani rukuni ne na kwayoyin '''sel''' wadanda suka sami girma mara tsari kuma galibi za su samar da taro ko dunkule, amma ana iya rarraba su a fili.  

Duk kwayoyin kari suna nuna alamomi shida na ciwon daji . Ana buƙatar waɗannan halaye don samar da kwayar cuta mara kyau. Sun hada da: 

* Girman cikin halitta da rarrabuwa ba su da sigina masu dacewa
* Cigaba da girma da rarrabuwa har ma da aka ba da sigina sabani
* Gujewa shirin mutuwar kwayar halitta
* Mara iyaka na sassan '''sel'''
* Haɓaka ginin magudanar jini
* Mamaye nama da samuwar metastases 

Cigaba daga '''sel''' na yau da kullun zuwa '''sel''' waɗanda zasu iya samar da adadin da za'a iya ganowa zuwa kansa kai tsaye ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa da aka sani da cigaba mara kyau.

== Alamomi da alamomi ==
 
[[File:Symptoms_of_cancer_metastasis.svg|thumb| Alamomin ciwon daji na metastasis sun dogara ne akan wurin da kari yake.]]
Lokacin da ciwon daji ya fara, ba ya haifar da alamun. Alamomi da alamomi suna bayyana yayin da taro ke girma ko ciwon ciki . Sakamakon binciken ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da wurin da yake ciki. 'Yan alamun suna da takamaiman . Yawancin lokuta suna faruwa a cikin mutane wadanda ke da wasu yanayi. Ciwon daji na iya zama da wahala a gano shi kuma ana iya daukarsa a matsayin &quot; babban mai koyi .&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutane na iya zama cikin damuwa ko damuwa bayan an gano cutar. Hadarin kashe kansa a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon daji ya kusan ninki biyu. 

=== Alamomin gida ===
Alamomin gida na iya faruwa saboda yawan kwayar cuta ko gyambonta. Alal misali, sakamako mai yawa daga ciwon huhu na huhu zai iya toshe bronchus wanda ke haifar da tari ko ciwon huhu ; Ciwon daji na esophageal zai iya haifar da kunkuntar esophagus, yana sa ya zama mai wuya ko mai radadi don hadiye; kuma [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji na launi na]] iya haifar da raguwa ko toshewa a cikin hanji, yana shafar dabi'un hanji. Talakawa a cikin kirjin ko kwaya na iya haifar da kullu mai gani. Ulceration na iya haifar da zubar jini wanda zai iya haifar da alamomi kamar [[Tari jini|tari na jini]] (ciwon daji), [[Rashin jini|anemia]] ko zubar da jini na dubura (ciwon daji), jini a cikin fitsari (ciwon mafitsara), ko zubar da jini na al'ada (endometrial ko cervical cancer). Kodayake ciwo na gida yana iya faruwa a cikin ciwon daji mai ci gaba, kwayar farko ba ta da zafi. Wasu ciwon daji na iya haifar da tarin ruwa a cikin kirji ko ciki . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alamomin tsari ===
Alamun tsarin na iya faruwa saboda amsawar jiki ga ciwon daji. Wannan na iya hadawa da gajiya, asarar nauyi ba da gangan ba, ko canjin fata.  Wasu cututtuka na iya haifar da tsarin kumburi na tsarin da ke haifar da asarar tsoka da rauni mai gudana, wanda aka sani da cachexia . 

Wasu nau'in ciwon daji kamar cutar Hodgkin, cutar sankarar bargo da [[ciwon daji na hanta]] ko koda na iya haifar da zazzabi mai tsayi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji suna haifar da hormones ko wasu kwayoyin halitta da kwayar cuta ta haifar, wanda aka sani da paraneoplastic syndromes . Ciwon daji na paraneoplastic na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hypercalcemia wanda zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, makarkashiya da bushewa, ko hyponatremia wanda kuma zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, amai, ciwon kai ko faduwa. 

=== Metastasis ===
 
Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya metastasize. Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya daidaita.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is Metastasized Cancer2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is Metastasized Cancer?|url=http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|website=National Comprehensive Cancer Network|access-date=18 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707200430/http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|archive-date=7 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Da hankula matakai a metastasis ne gida mamayewa, intravasation a cikin jini, ko Lymph, wurare dabam dabam a cikin jiki, extravasation cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da kuma angiogenesis . Daban-daban nau'ikan cututtukan daji suna yin kaura zuwa ga wasu gabobin, amma gabadaya wuraren da aka fi sani da metastases su ne huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa da kasusuwa .

== Dalilai ==
[[File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|thumb|Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa]]
[[File:Share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Share of cancer deaths attributed to tobacco |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco |website=Our World in Data |access-date=5 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Babban labarin: Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin 2016. Yawancin ciwon daji, wasu kashi 90-95% na lokuta, suna faruwa ne saboda sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan muhalli da salon rayuwa. Ragowar kashi 5-10 cikin 100 na gado ne. Muhalli yana nufin duk wani abu da ba a gada ba, kamar salon rayuwa, tattalin arziki, da halaye ba kawai gurbatacce ba[38]. Abubuwan muhalli na gama gari waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwar kansa sun haɗa da shan taba (25-30%), abinci da kiba (30-35%), cututtuka (15-20%), radiation (duka ionizing da rashin ionizing, har zuwa 10%). , rashin motsa jiki, da gurbacewa.[3][39] Danniya na ilimin halin dan Adam baya bayyana a matsayin wani abu mai hadari ga farkon ciwon daji,  ko da yake yana iya tsananta sakamako a cikin wadanda ke da ciwon daji. Ba a yiwuwa a gabadaya a tabbatar da abin da ya haifar da wani ciwon daji saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su da takamaiman alamun yatsa. Misali, idan mutumin da ke shan taba ya kamu da cutar kansar huhu, to mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar amfani da taba, amma da yake kowa yana da dan karamin damar kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu sakamakon gurbataccen iska ko radiation, ciwon daji na iya tasowa saboda daya daga cikin wadannan dalilai. Sai dai cututtukan da ba kasafai suke faruwa ba tare da masu juna biyu da masu ba da gudummawar gabobin jiki lokaci-lokaci, ciwon daji gabadaya ba cuta ce mai iya yaɗuwa ba,  duk da haka abubuwan da ka iya haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji na iya yaduwa; irin su oncoviruses kamar hepatitis B, cutar Epstein-Barr da HIV.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sinadarai ==
[[File:Cancer smoking lung cancer correlation from NIH.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba.]]
Sinadaran bkrin bayani: Barasa da ciwon daji da shan taba da ciwon daji Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba. An danganta bayyanar da wasu abubuwa na musamman da takamaiman nau'in ciwon daji. Wadannan abubuwa ana kiran su carcinogens. Shan taba, alal misali, yana haifar da kashi 90% na cutar kansar huhu. Har ila yau yana haifar da ciwon daji a cikin makogwaro, kai, wuya, ciki, mafitsara, koda, esophagus da pancreas. Hayakin taba ya qunshi fiye da hamsin sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da nitrosamines da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Taba yana da alhakin kusan daya cikin biyar na mutuwar cutar kansa a duniya da kusan ɗaya cikin uku a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba. Yawan mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a Amurka ya yi kama da tsarin shan taba, tare da karuwar shan taba tare da karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin adadin mutuwar cutar kansar huhu kuma, kwanan nan, raguwar yawan shan taba tun shekarun 1950 ya biyo bayan raguwar mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a cikin maza tun 1990. A Yammacin Turai, kashi 10% na ciwon daji na maza da kashi 3% na ciwon daji na mata ana danganta su da shan barasa, musamman ciwon hanta da na narkewar abinci. Ciwon daji daga bayyanar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da aiki na iya haifar da tsakanin 2 zuwa 20% na lokuta,  yana haifar da aƙalla mutuwar 200,000. Ciwon daji kamar kansar huhu da mesothelioma na iya fitowa daga shakar hayakin taba ko filayen asbestos, ko cutar sankarar bargo daga kamuwa da benzene. Fuskantar perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen samar da Teflon, an san yana haifar da ciwon daji iri biyu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci Da Motsa Jiki ==
Abinci da motsa jiki: Abinci da ciwon daji Abinci, rashin motsa jiki da kiba suna da alaka da kusan kashi 30-35% na mutuwar ciwon daji. A cikin Amurka, yawan nauyin jiki yana da alaqa da habaka nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa kuma yana da tasiri a cikin 14-20% na mutuwar ciwon daji.Wani bincike na Burtaniya wanda ya hada da bayanai kan mutane sama da miliyan 5 ya nuna mafi girman kididdigar jiki da ke da alaqa da akalla nau'ikan ciwon daji guda 10 kuma ke da alhakin kusan cututtukan 12,000 kowace shekara a cikin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2013-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043732/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi imanin rashin aiki na jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga hadarin ciwon daji, ba kawai ta hanyar tasirinsa akan nauyin jiki ba har ma ta hanyar mummunan tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi da tsarin endocrine.[54]. Fiye da rabin abin da ke haifar da abinci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki (cin abinci da yawa), maimakon cin kayan lambu da yawa ko wasu abinci masu lafiya. Wasu takamaiman abinci suna da alaqa da takamaiman cututtukan daji. Cin abinci mai yawan gishiri yana da alaka da ciwon daji na ciki&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society&lt;/ref&gt;. Aflatoxin B1, mai yawan gurɓatar abinci, yana haifar da ciwon hanta. Taunar goro na iya haifar da kansar baki. Bambance-bambancen kasa a cikin ayyukan abinci na iya yin bayanin bambance-bambance a cikin abin da ya faru na kansa. Misali, ciwon daji na ciki ya fi zama ruwan dare a Japan saboda yawan abinci mai gishiri yayin da ciwon hanji ya fi yawa a Amurka. Bayanan ciwon daji na bakin haure suna kwatanta na sabuwar kasarsu, sau da yawa a cikin tsara kaya. 

== Kamuwa Da Cuta ==


Kamuwa da cuta: Abubuwan da ke kamuwa da cutar daji A duk duniya kusan kashi 18% na mutuwar kansa yana da alaqa da cututtuka masu yaduwa.[Wannan rabo ya tashi daga babban kashi 25% a Afirka zuwa kasa da kashi 10% a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Kwayoyin cuta sune cututtuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon daji amma kwayoyin cutar kansa da kwayoyin cuta na iya taka rawa. Oncoviruses (kwayoyin cutar da za su iya haifar da ciwon daji) sun hada da papillomavirus na mutum (ciwon daji na mahaifa), cutar Epstein-Barr (cututtukan lymphoproliferative B-cell da nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (Kaposi's sarcoma da primary effusion lymphomas), hepatitis B da hepatitis C ƙwayoyin cuta. hepatocellular carcinoma) da kuma ɗan adam T-cell cutar sankarar bargo-1 (T-cell leukemias). Har ila yau ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kara hadarin ciwon daji, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ciwon daji na Helicobacter pylori wanda ke haifar da ciwon ciki.[59][60]. Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji sun hada da Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) da hanta flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini da Clonorchis sinensis (cholangiocarcinoma).&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20140&lt;/ref&gt;

== Radiation ==
Radiation: Ciwon daji da ke haifar da radiation Fitar da hasken wuta kamar hasken ultraviolet da kayan aikin rediyo abu ne mai hadari ga kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252065&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin cututtukan daji waɗanda ba melanoma ba suna faruwa ne saboda hasken ultraviolet, galibi daga hasken rana.[63] Tushen ionizing radiation sun haɗa da hoton likita da radon gas.[63] Ionizing radiation ba mutagen mai karfi ba ne musamman.[65] Fuskantar wurin zama ga iskar radon, alal misali, yana da hadarin kansa iri daya kamar shan taba.[65] Radiation shine tushen ciwon daji mafi karfi idan aka haɗa shi da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa, kamar radon da hayakin taba.[65] Radiation zai iya haifar da ciwon daji a yawancin sassan jiki, a cikin dukan dabbobi da kuma kowane shekaru. Yara suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo wanda ke haifar da radiation sau biyu kamar manya; Fitar da radiation kafin haihuwa yana da tasirin sau goma.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Amfani da likitanci na ionizing radiation karami ne amma girma tushen cututtukan daji da ke haifar da radiation. Ana iya amfani da radiation ionizing don magance wasu cututtuka, amma wannan yana iya, a wasu lokuta, ya haifar da nau'i na ciwon daji na biyu.[65] Hakanan ana amfani da shi a wasu nau'ikan hoton likita.[66] Tsawaita bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet daga rana na iya haifar da cutar sankarau da sauran cututtukan fata.[67] Tabbatacciyar shaida ta tabbatar da hasken ultraviolet, musamman ma matsakaitan igiyar ruwa ta UVB, a matsayin sanadin mafi yawan cututtukan daji na fata wadanda ba melanoma ba, wadanda sune nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a duniya.[67] Rashin ionizing mitar rediyo daga wayar hannu, watsa wutar lantarki da sauran makamantansu an bayyana su a matsayin yiwuwar cutar sankara ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don Bincike kan Ciwon daji[68]. Hujja kuwa, ba ta goyi bayan wata damuwa ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya hada da cewa binciken bai sami daidaito tsakanin radiation wayar hannu da haɗarin ciwon daji ba 

== Gado ==
Gado: Ciwon daji Mafi yawan ciwon daji ba na gado ba ne (na lokaci-lokaci). Ciwon daji na gado yana haifar da asali ne ta hanyar lahani na gado. Kasa da kashi 0.3 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a sune masu dauke da maye gurbi wanda ke da babban tasiri kan hadarin kansa kuma yana haifar da kasa da kashi 3-10 na cutar kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da: wasu maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta BRCA1 da BRCA2 tare da fiye da 75% hadarin ciwon nono da ciwon daji na ovarian, [71] da kuma ciwon daji na nonpolyposis colorectal (HNPCC ko Lynch syndrome), wanda ke cikin kusan 3. % na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji, [72] da sauransu. Bisa kididdigar da ciwon daji ke haifar da mafi yawan mace-mace, hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar launin fata lokacin da aka gano dangi na farko (iyaye, dan'uwa ko yaro) yana da kusan 2.[73]. Hadarin dangi daidai shine 1.5 don kansar huhu, [74] da 1.9 don kansar prostate.[75]. Ga ciwon nono, haɗarin dangi shine 1.8 tare da dangi na farko wanda ya hadaka shi yana da shekaru 50 ko sama da haka, da 3.3 lokacin da dangin ya hadaka shi lokacin yana kasa da shekaru 50.[76]. Mutane masu tsayi suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa saboda suna da ƙwayoyin sel fiye da gajerun mutane. Tunda tsayin daka ya kayyade ta hanyar gado mai yawa, mutane masu tsayi suna da haɓakar haɗarin cutar kansa. 

== Wakilan Jiki ==
Wakilan jiki Wasu abubuwa suna haifar da cutar kansa ta hanyar zahiri, maimakon sinadarai.[78] Babban misali na wannan shine tsawaita bayyanar da asbestos, filayen ma'adinai da ke faruwa a zahiri wadanda sune babban dalilin mesothelioma (ciwon daji na serous membrane) yawanci serous membrane kewaye da huhu.[78] Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nau'in, ciki har da abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri da kuma sinadarai masu kama da asbestos na roba, irin su wollastonite, attapulgite, ulun gilashi da ulun dutse, an yi imanin suna da irin wannan tasirin.[78] Abubuwan da ba su da fibrous wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji sun haɗa da cobalt na karfe na karfe da nickel da silica crystalline (quartz, cristobalite da tridymite).[78]. Yawancin lokaci, carcinogens na jiki dole ne su shiga cikin jiki (kamar ta hanyar numfashi) kuma suna buƙatar shekaru masu yawa don haifar da ciwon daji.[78]. Rashin raunin jiki da ke haifar da kansa ba ya da yawa.[79] Da'awar cewa karya kasusuwa yana haifar da ciwon daji, misali, ba a tabbatar da hakan ba.[79] Hakazalika, ba a yarda da raunin jiki a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar mahaifa, ciwon nono ko kansar kwakwalwa.[79] Ɗaya daga cikin tushen da aka yarda shine akai-akai, aikace-aikacen dogon lokaci na abubuwa masu zafi zuwa jiki. Mai yiyuwa ne a ce yawan kone-kone da ake yi a sassan jiki guda, kamar wanda ake samar da na’urorin dumama na kanger da na kairo (masu dumin hannu na garwashi), na iya haifar da cutar kansar fata, musamman idan akwai sinadarai masu dauke da cutar sankara.[79] Yawan shan shayi mai zafi yana iya haifar da ciwon daji na hanji[79]. Gabadaya, an yi imanin cewa ciwon daji yana tasowa, ko kuma ana karfafa ciwon daji da ya riga ya kasance, yayin aikin warkarwa, maimakon raunin da ya faru kai tsaye.[79] Koyaya, maimaita raunin da aka samu ga kyallen takarda iri ɗaya na iya hadakar kwayoyin sel da yawa, wanda hakan na iya ƙara yuwuwar maye gurbi mai cutar kansa. An yi hasashen kumburi na yau da kullun don haifar da maye gurbi kai tsaye.[79][80] Kumburi na iya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwa, rayuwa, angiogenesis da ƙaura na ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ta hanyar tasiri microenvironment na tumor.[81][82]. Oncogenes suna gina microenvironment pro-tumorigenic mai kumburi.

== Hormones ==


Hormones Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna taka rawa wajen bunkasa ciwon daji ta hanyar inganta yaduwar kwayar halitta.[84] Abubuwan haɓaka kamar insulin da sunadaran da ke ɗaure su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, bambance-bambance da apoptosis, suna nuna yiwuwar shiga cikin carcinogenesis.[85]. Hormones sune muhimman abubuwa a cikin cututtukan daji masu alaƙa da jima'i, kamar kansar nono, endometrium, prostate, ovary da testis da kuma ciwon daji na thyroid da kansar ƙashi.[84] Misali, 'ya'yan mata masu fama da ciwon nono suna da adadin isrogen da progesterone da yawa fiye da 'yan matan mata masu ciwon nono. Wadannan matakan hormone masu girma na iya yin bayanin haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar kansar nono, ko da idan babu kwayar cutar kansar nono.[84] Hakazalika, mazan kakannin Afirka suna da matakan girma na testosterone fiye da mazan zuriyar Turai kuma suna da mafi girman matakin cutar kansar prostate.[84] Maza daga zuriyar Asiya, tare da mafi karancin matakan testosterone-activating androstanediol glucuronide, suna da mafi ƙarancin matakan ciwon daji na prostate.[84] Sauran abubuwan da suka dace: masu kiba suna da matakan girma na wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji da kuma mafi girman adadin wadannan cututtukan.[84]. Matan da suke shan maganin maye gurbin hormone suna da babban hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar da ke da alaqa da wadannan kwayoyin cutar.[84] A gefe guda kuma, mutanen da suke motsa jiki fiye da matsakaici suna da kananan matakan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna rage haɗarin ciwon daji.[84]. Osteosarcoma na iya haɓaka ta hanyar hormones girma.[84] Wasu jiyya da hanyoyin rigakafin suna yin amfani da wannan dalili ta hanyar rage matakan hormone ta hanyar wucin gadi da kuma hana cututtukan daji masu saurin kamuwa da hormone.[84]

== Cututtukan autoimmune ==
Akwai wata gungiya tsakanin cutar celiac da kara hadarin duk ciwon daji. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac da ba a kula da su ba suna da haɗari mafi girma, amma wannan hadarin yana raguwa tare da lokaci bayan ganewar asali da kuma kulawa mai tsanani, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙaddamar da abinci marar yisti, wanda ke da alama yana da rawar kariya daga ci gaban malignancy a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac. . Duk da haka, jinkirin ganewar asali da farawa na cin abinci marar yisti yana ƙara haɗarin malignancies.[86] Yawan ciwon daji na gastrointestinal yana karuwa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Crohn da ulcerative colitis, saboda kumburi na kullum. Har ila yau, immunomodulators da kwayoyin halitta da ake amfani da su don magance wadannan cututtuka na iya inganta hadakar cututtuka na hanji.

== Pathophysiology ==
[[File:Cancer requires multiple mutations from NIHen.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi.  Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan.]]
Pathophysiology: Carcinogenesis Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi. Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan. Genetics Babban labarin: Oncogenomics Ciwon daji cuta ce ta asali cuta na tsarin girma na nama. Domin tantanin halitta ya canza zuwa kwayar cutar kansa, dole ne a canza kwayoyin halittar da ke daidaita girma da bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta.[88] Kwayoyin halittar da abin ya shafa sun kasu kashi biyu manya-manya. Oncogenes sune kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel da haifuwa. Kwayoyin da ke hana Tumor su ne kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke hana rarraba tantanin halitta da rayuwa. Mummunan canji na iya faruwa ta hanyar samuwar novel oncogenes, rashin dacewa kan-bayyanar da kwayoyin oncogenes na yau da kullun, ko ta hanyar bayyanawa ko naƙasa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana kari. Yawanci, ana buƙatar canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa don canza tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa kwayar cutar kansa.[89] Canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban kuma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Riba ko asarar dukkanin chromosome na iya faruwa ta hanyar kurakurai a cikin mitosis. Mafi na kowa maye gurbi, wadanda canje-canje ne a cikin jerin nucleotide na DNA na genomic. Manyan maye gurbi sun hada da gogewa ko samun wani yanki na chromosome. Ƙwararrun kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa lokacin da tantanin halitta ya sami kwafi (sau da yawa 20 ko fiye) na ƙaramin wuri na chromosomal, yawanci yana ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye da oncogenes da kayan gado na kusa. Juyawa yana faruwa lokacin da yankuna biyu na chromosomal daban-daban suka zama masu haɗuwa da juna, sau da yawa a wani yanayi na musamman. Wani sanannen misalin wannan shine chromosome na Philadelphia, ko fassarar chromosomes 9 da 22, wanda ke faruwa a cikin cutar sankarar jini na myelogenous na kullum kuma yana haifar da samar da furotin BCR-abl fusion protein, wani oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Kananan maye gurbi sun hada da maye gurbi, gogewa, da sakawa, wanda zai iya faruwa a yankin mai tallata kwayar halitta kuma ya shafi maganganunsa, ko kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin jerin lambobin kwayar halittar da kuma canza aiki ko kwanciyar hankali na furotin. Har ila yau, rushewar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya na iya haifar da haduwa da kwayoyin halitta daga kwayar cutar DNA ko retrovirus, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na kwayar cutar kwayar cutar a cikin kwayar cutar da kuma zuriyarsa. Maimaita bayanan da ke cikin DNA na sel masu rai zai haifar da wasu kurakurai (maye gurbi). An gina hadadden gyaran kurakurai da rigakafi a cikin tsari kuma yana kiyaye tantanin halitta daga cutar kansa. Idan babban kuskure ya faru, tantanin da ya lalace zai iya lalata kansa ta hanyar tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta, wanda ake kira apoptosis. Idan tsarin sarrafa kuskuren ya gaza, to, maye gurbin zai tsira kuma a wuce tare da sel 'ya'ya. Wasu mahalli suna sa kurakurai su iya tasowa da yaduwa. Irin waɗannan mahalli na iya haɗawa da kasancewar abubuwa masu barna da ake kira carcinogens, maimaita rauni na jiki, zafi, ionizing radiation ko hypoxia.[90] Kurakuran da ke haifar da ciwon daji suna hadaka kai da hadakawa, misali: Maye gurbi a cikin injin gyara kura kurai na tantanin halitta na iya sa wannan tantanin halitta da 'ya'yanta su tara kurakurai cikin sauri. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin oncogene na iya haifar da tantanin halitta yin haifuwa da sauri da yawa fiye da takwarorinsa na yau da kullun. Karin maye gurbi na iya haifar da asarar kwayar kuma za ta iya rushe hanyar siginar apoptosis da kuma dawwama tantanin halitta. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin injin siginar tantanin halitta na iya aika sigina masu haifar da kuskure zuwa sel na kusa. Juyawa tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa ciwon daji yana kama da tsarin sarkar da ke haifar da kurakurai na farko, wanda ke hadawa zuwa manyan kurakurai, kowane ci gaba yana barin tantanin halitta damar tserewa ƙarin sarrafawa waɗanda ke iyakance haɓakar nama na yau da kullun. Wannan labari mai kama da tawaye shine tsira da ba a so na mafi dacewa, inda karfin juyin halitta ke aiki da tsarin jiki da aiwatar da tsari. Da zarar ciwon daji ya fara tasowa, wannan tsari mai gudana, wanda ake kira juyin halitta na clonal, yana haifar da ci gaba zuwa matakai masu yawa.[91]. Juyin Halitta na Clonal yana haifar da intra-tumour heterogeneity (kwayoyin ciwon daji tare da maye gurbi daban-daban) wanda ke dagula ƙira ingantattun dabarun jiyya. Halayen iyawar halayen da cututtukan daji ke haɓaka sun kasu kashi-kashi, musamman ƙauracewa apoptosis, wadatar kai a cikin siginar girma, rashin jin daɗi ga siginar haɓaka girma, ci gaba da angiogenesis, yuwuwar kwafi mara iyaka, metastasis, sake fasalin kuzarin kuzari da gujewa lalatawar rigakafi.

== Epigenetics ==
[[File:Diagram Damage to Cancer Wiki 300dpi.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis]]
Epigenetics: Ciwon daji epigenetics Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis Ra'ayi na gargajiya game da ciwon daji wani nau'in cututtuka ne waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaba na rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka haɗa da maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari da oncogenes da rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal. Daga baya an gano rawar da aka samu na sauye-sauye na epigenetic.[92] Canje-canjen Epigenetic gyare-gyaren da suka dace da aiki zuwa ga kwayoyin halitta wadanda ba sa canza jerin nucleotide. Misalan irin wadannan gyare-gyare sune canje-canje a cikin DNA methylation (hypermethylation da hypomethylation), gyare-gyaren histone[93] da canje-canje a cikin gine-ginen chromosomal (wanda ya haifar da rashin dacewa na sunadaran kamar HMGA2 ko HMGA1).[94]. Kowane bayan waɗannan sauye-sauye yana sarrafa maganganun kwayoyin halitta ba tare da canza jerin DNA na asali ba. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya wanzuwa ta hanyar rarrabuwar sel, suna dawwama ga tsararraki masu yawa kuma ana iya daukar su azaman epimutation (daidai da maye gurbi). Canje-canje na Epigenetic yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin ciwon daji. Alal misali, binciken daya ya lissafa kwayoyin halittar sunadaran sunadaran da aka saba canzawa akai-akai a cikin methylation tare da ciwon daji na hanji. Wadannan sun hada da 147 hypermethylated da 27 hypomethylated genes. Daga cikin kwayoyin halittar hypermethylated, 10 sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin 100% na ciwon daji na hanji kuma wasu da yawa sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin fiye da 50% na ciwon daji na hanji.[95]. Yayin da ake samun sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin ciwon daji, sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA, yana haifar da raguwar maganganun sunadarai na gyaran DNA, na iya zama mahimmanci. Ana tsammanin irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna faruwa da wuri kafin su ci gaba zuwa cutar kansa kuma suna iya zama sanadin rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halittar cututtukan daji.[96][97][98] Rage bayanin kwayoyin halittar DNA na gyaran DNA yana rushe gyaran DNA. Ana nuna wannan a cikin adadi a mataki na 4 daga sama. (A cikin adadi, jajayen kalmomi suna nuna tsakiyar rawar lalacewar DNA da lahani a cikin gyaran DNA don ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji.) Lokacin da gyaran DNA ya gaza lalacewar DNA ya kasance a cikin sel a matakin sama fiye da yadda aka saba (mataki na 5) kuma yana haifar da kara yawan mitoci. maye gurbi da/ko epimutation (matakin 6). Adadin maye gurbi yana karuwa sosai a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba su da lahani a cikin gyare-gyaren rashin daidaituwa na DNA[99] [100] ko a cikin gyaran hadin gwiwa (HRR).[101] Sabuntawar chromosomal da aneuploidy suma suna karuwa a cikin sel marasa lahani na HRR.[102] Mafi girman matakan lalacewa na DNA yana haifar da karar maye gurbi (gefen siffa na dama) da kara kazanta. Yayin gyaran DNA ninki biyu karya, ko gyara wasu lalacewar DNA, wuraren gyara da ba su cika cika ba na iya haifar da shiru na kwayoyin halitta.[103][104] Rashin bayyanar sunadaran gyaran DNA saboda maye gurbi na iya kara hadarin kansa. Mutanen da ke da nakasar gada a cikin kowane nau'in halittar DNA na 34 (duba labarin DNA gyara-rashi cuta) sun haɓaka haɗarin kansa, tare da wasu lahani suna tabbatar da damar 100% na ciwon daji (misali p53 maye gurbi).[105]. An lura da maye gurbi na gyaran layin DNA a gefen hagu na adadi. Duk da haka, irin wannan maye gurbi (wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na ciwon daji) shine kawai ke haifar da kusan kashi 1 cikin dari na ciwon daji.[106] A cikin cututtukan daji na lokaci-lokaci, ƙarancin gyare-gyaren DNA na faruwa lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar DNA amma galibi ana haifar da su ta hanyar sauye-sauyen epigenetic wadanda ke rage ko yin shuru na maganganun kwayoyin halittar DNA. An nuna wannan a cikin adadi a matakin 3rd. Yawancin binciken da aka yi na carcinogenesis mai nauyin ƙarfe mai nauyi ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan ƙananan karafa suna haifar da raguwa a cikin maganganun gyaran enzymes na DNA, wasu ta hanyar hanyoyin epigenetic. An ba da shawarar hana gyaran DNA don zama babbar hanyar da ke haifar da cutar sankara mai nauyi. Bugu da kari, akai-akai sauye-sauye na epigenetic na lambar jerin DNA don kananan RNAs da ake kira microRNAs (ko miRNAs). miRNAs ba sa kididdige sunadaran sunadaran, amma suna iya “nufa” ƙwayoyin furotin-coded kuma su rage maganganunsu. Ciwon daji galibi suna tasowa ne daga tarin maye gurbi da kwankwasa waɗanda ke ba da fa'idar zabin da ke haifar da haɓaka clonal (duba lahani na ci gaba zuwa kansa). Maye gurbi, duk da haka, bazai zama akai-akai a cikin cututtukan daji kamar sauye-sauyen epigenetic ba. Matsakaicin ciwon daji na nono ko hanji yana iya samun sauye-sauyen furotin da kusan 60 zuwa 70, wanda kusan uku ko hudu na iya zama maye gurbin “direba” sauran kuma na iya zama maye gurbin “fasinja”

== Metastasi ==
Metastasis: Metastasis Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya daidaitawa.[35] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya karu.[36] Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Matakan al'ada a cikin metastasis sune mamayewa na gida, shiga cikin jini ko lymph, wurare dabam dabam ta jiki, haɓaka cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da angiogenesis. Nau'o'in ciwon daji daban-daban suna yin kazamin gabobin jikinsu, amma gabaɗaya wuraren da aka fi samun kazanta su ne huhu, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa da kasusuwa.[35]

== Metabolism ==
Tumor metabolome Kwayoyin al'ada yawanci suna haifar da kusan kashi 30% na makamashi daga glycolysis, [108] yayin da yawancin ciwon daji ke dogara ga glycolysis don samar da makamashi (Tasirin Warburg).[109][110] [111] Amma tsirarun nau'ikan ciwon daji sun dogara da phosphorylation oxidative a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko, gami da lymphoma, cutar sankarar bargo, da kansar endometrial.[112] Ko da a wadannan lokuta, duk da haka, amfani da glycolysis a matsayin tushen makamashi da wuya ya wuce 60%.[108] Wasu 'yan ciwon daji suna amfani da glutamine a matsayin babban tushen makamashi, wani bangare saboda yana samar da nitrogen da ake bukata don hadin nucleotide (DNA, RNA).[113][108]. Kwayoyin ciwon daji sukan yi amfani da oxidative phosphorylation ko glutamine a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko.[114] Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa enzyme sirtuin 6 an zabi wanda ba a kunna shi ba a lokacin oncogenesis a cikin nau'ikan ƙari iri-iri ta hanyar haifar da glycolysis.[111] Wani sirtuin, sirtuin 3 yana hana ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da glycolysis, amma yana inganta ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da oxidative phosphorylation.[115]. An ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai karancin carbohydrate (abinci na ketogenic) a wasu lokuta azaman maganin tallafi don maganin ciwon daji.

== Bincike ==

[[File:Thorax pa peripheres Bronchialcarcinom li OF markiert.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Chest [[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] showing lung cancer in the left lung]]

Bincike (Satumba 2021) aX-ray na kirji yana nuna kansar huhu a cikin huhu na hagu Yawancin ciwon daji ana gane su da farko ko dai saboda bayyanar alamu ko alamun cutar ko ta hanyar dubawa. Babu bayan wadannan da ke haifar da tabbataccen ganewar asali, wanda ke bugatar bincika samfurin nama ta hanyar likitan ilimin cututtuka. Ana bincikar mutanen da ake zargi da ciwon daji tare da gwaje-gwajen likita. Wadannan yawanci sun hada da gwaje-gwajen jini, X-rays, (contrast) CT scans da endoscopy. Binciken nama daga biopsy yana nuna nau'in tantanin halitta da ke yaduwa, darajar tarihinsa, rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta da sauran siffofi. Tare, wannan bayanin yana da amfani don kimanta tsinkaye da kuma zabar mafi kyawun magani. Cytogenetics da immunohistochemistry wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen nama ne. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da bayanai game da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta (kamar maye gurbi, kwayoyin halittar fusion da sauye-sauye na chromosome na lambobi) kuma yana iya nuna hasashen hasashen da mafi kyawun magani. Ciwon daji na iya haifar da damuwa na tunani da kuma shiga tsakani na zamantakewa, kamar maganin magana, na iya taimakawa mutane da wannan.[118]

== Rabewa ==
Karin bayani: Jerin nau'ikan ciwon daji da Jerin sharuddan da suka danganci oncology Ciwon daji ana rarraba su da nau'in tantanin halitta wanda kwayoyin tumor suke kama da shi don haka ana zaton shine asalin kwayar cuta. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun hada da: Carcinoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel epithelial. Wannan rukunin ya qunshi yawancin cututtukan daji da aka fi sani kuma sun haɗa da kusan duka waɗanda ke cikin nono, prostate, huhu, pancreas da hanji. Sarcoma: Ciwon daji da ke tasowa daga nama mai haɗawa (watau kashi, guringuntsi, mai, jijiya), kowannensu yana tasowa daga kwayoyin halitta da suka samo asali a cikin kwayoyin halitta a waje da kasusuwa. Lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo: Waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna tasowa ne daga ƙwayoyin hematopoietic (masu samar da jini) waɗanda ke barin bargo kuma sukan yi girma a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da jini, bi da bi.[119] Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel masu ƙarfi, galibi suna nunawa a cikin ƙwaya ko kwai (seminoma da dysgerminoma, bi da bi). Blastoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel &quot;precursor&quot; marasa girma ko nama na amfrayo. Ciwon daji yawanci ana kiransu ta hanyar amfani da -carcinoma, -sarcoma ko -blastoma a matsayin kari, tare da kalmar Latin ko Girkanci ga gabbai ko nama na asali a matsayin tushen. Misali, ciwon daji na parenchyma na hanta da ke tasowa daga sel epithelial masu cutarwa ana kiransa hepatocarcinoma, yayin da mummunan cutar da ke fitowa daga sel precursor na hanta ana kiransa hepatoblastoma kuma ciwon daji da ke fitowa daga kwayoyin kitse ana kiransa liposarcoma. Ga wasu cututtukan daji na yau da kullun, ana amfani da sunan gabobin Ingilishi. Misali, nau'in ciwon daji na nono da aka fi sani shine ake kira ductal carcinoma na nono. Anan, ductal na sifa yana nufin bayyanar cutar daji a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ke nuna cewa ya samo asali ne a cikin magudanar madara. Ciwon daji mara kyau (wadanda ba ciwon daji ba) ana kiran su ta amfani da -oma azaman kari tare da sunan gabobin a matsayin tushen. Alal misali, kwayar tsoka mai santsi ana kiranta leiomyoma (sunan gama gari na wannan kwayar cuta mai saurin faruwa a cikin mahaifa shine fibroid). Abin mamaki, wasu nau'in ciwon daji suna amfani da -noma suffix, misalai ciki har da melanoma da seminoma. Wasu nau'in ciwon daji ana kiran su don girma da siffar sel a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa, kamar giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma da kananan-cell carcinoma. Wani ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya. Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu. Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Breast cancer gross appearance.jpg|Wani mugun abu [[ductal carcinoma]] na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya.
File:Colon cancer 2.jpg|Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy
File:Lung cancer.jpg|Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu.
File:BreastCancer.jpg|Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rigakafi ==
Rigakafi Babban labarin: rigakafin ciwon daji An bayyana rigakafin cutar kansa azaman matakan aiki don rage hadarin kansa.[120] Mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda hadarin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli zabin salon rayuwa ne masu iya sarrafawa. Don haka, ciwon daji gabaɗaya ana iya rigakafinsa[121]. Tsakanin kashi 70% zuwa 90% na cututtukan daji na yau da kullun suna faruwa ne saboda abubuwan muhalli don haka ana iya yin rigakafi.[122] Fiye da kashi 30 cikin 100 na mace-macen cutar daji za a iya kiyaye su ta hanyar guje wa abubuwan haɗari da suka haɗa da: taba, kiba mai yawa, rashin abinci mara kyau, rashin motsa jiki, barasa, cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da gurɓataccen iska.[123] Bugu da ari, ana iya la'akari da talauci a matsayin wani abu mai hatsarin gaske a cikin cututtukan daji na ɗan adam.[124] Ba duk abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli ba ne ake iya sarrafa su ba, kamar abubuwan da ke faruwa ta zahiri da kuma ciwon daji da ke haifar da cututtukan gado na gado don haka ba a iya yin rigakafi ta hanyar halayen mutum.

== Abincin abinci ==
Abincin abinci da ciwon daji Yayin da aka ba da shawarwarin abinci da yawa don rage haɗarin ciwon daji, shaidar da za ta goyi bayan su ba ta tabbata ba.[14][125] Abubuwan abinci na farko waɗanda ke habaka hadari sune kiba da shan barasa. Abincin da ke da ƙarancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da jajayen nama suna da alaƙa da alaƙa amma sake dubawa da nazarin meta ba su kai ga daidaito ba.[126][127] Binciken meta-bincike na 2014 bai sami dangantaka tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da ciwon daji ba.[128] Kofi yana da alaƙa da raguwar haɗarin cutar kansar hanta.[129] Bincike ya danganta yawan shan ja ko naman da aka sarrafa da yawan kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ciwon hanji da kuma ciwon daji na pancreatic, al’amarin da zai iya kasancewa saboda kasancewar carcinogens a cikin naman da ake dafawa a yanayin zafi.[130][131] A cikin 2015 IARC ta ba da rahoton cewa cin nama da aka sarrafa (misali, naman alade, naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, tsiran alade) kuma, zuwa karamin digiri, jan nama yana da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan daji.[132][133]. Shawarwari na abinci don rigakafin ciwon daji yawanci sun haɗa da ba da fifiko ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi gabaɗaya da kifi da kuma nisantar sarrafa nama da jan nama (naman sa, naman alade, rago), kitsen dabbobi, abincin da aka ɗora da ingantaccen carbohydrates.

== Magani ==
Magani Ana iya amfani da magunguna don hana ciwon daji a wasu yanayi kaɗan[134]. A cikin yawan jama'a, NSAIDs suna rage hadarin ciwon daji na launi; duk da haka, saboda illar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da illa gaba daya idan aka yi amfani da su don rigakafi.[135] An gano aspirin yana rage hadarin mutuwa daga cutar kansa da kusan kashi 7%.[136] Masu hana COX-2 na iya rage yawan kwayar polyp a cikin mutanen da ke da polyposis adenomatous iyali; duk da haka, yana da alaka da illa iri ɗaya da NSAIDs.[137] Yin amfani da tamoxifen ko raloxifene kullum yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono a cikin mata masu haɗari.[138] Amfani da cutarwa ga 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor kamar finasteride bai bayyana ba.[139] Karancin bitamin ba ya bayyana yana da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji[140]. Yayin da ƙananan matakan bitamin D ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon daji, [141] [142] [143] ko wannan dangantakar tana da dalili kuma ƙarin bitamin D yana da kariya ba a ƙayyade ba.[144][145]. Ɗaya daga cikin bita na 2014 ya gano cewa kari ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hadarin ciwon daji.[145] Wani bita na 2014 ya kammala cewa bitamin D3 na iya rage hadarin mutuwa daga ciwon daji (kananan mutuwa a cikin mutane 150 da aka yi wa magani sama da shekaru 5), amma an lura da damuwa game da ingancin bayanan.[146] Beta-carotene yana kara yawan ciwon daji na huhu a cikin wadanda ke da haɗari.[147] Kariyar folic acid ba ta da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji na hanji kuma yana iya ƙara yawan polyps.[148] Ba a nuna ƙarin sinadarin selenium don rage haɗarin cutar kansa ba.[149]  

== Allurar Rigakafi ==
An samar da alluran rigakafin da ke hana kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta na carcinogenic.[150] Alurar rigakafin cutar papilloma na dan adam (Gardasil da Cervarix) suna rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar mahaifa.[150] Alurar rigakafin ciwon hanta na B na hana kamuwa da cutar hanta da kuma haka yana rage haɗarin ciwon hanta.[150] Ana ba da shawarar gudanar da rigakafin cutar papillomavirus da rigakafin hanta B a inda albarkatu suka ba da izini. 

== Nunawa ==
Nunawa Babban labarin: Binciken cutar daji Ba kamar yunƙurin gano cutar da alamu da alamun likita ke haifar da shi ba, gwajin cutar kansa ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin gano kansa bayan ya taso, amma kafin bayyanar cututtuka da ake iya gani.[152] Wannan yana iya haɗawa da gwajin jiki, gwajin jini ko fitsari ko hoton likita.[152] Ba a samun gwajin cutar kansa don nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Ko da gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa, kila ba za a ba su shawarar ga kowa ba. Nunawa ta duniya ko tantanin jama'a ya ƙunshi tantance kowa.[153] Zaɓen tantancewa yana gano mutanen da ke cikin hadari mafi girma, kamar mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali.[153] An yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa don tantance ko fa'idar tantancewar ta zarce kasada da kuma tsadar aikin tantancewar[152]. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da: Lalacewar da za a iya samu daga gwajin nunawa: alal misali, Hotunan X-ray sun haɗa da fallasa zuwa radiation ionizing mai illa. Yiwuwar gwajin gano cutar kansa daidai Yiwuwar ciwon daji ya kasance: Binciken ba ya da amfani ga ciwon daji da ba kasafai ba. Matsalolin da za a iya samu daga hanyoyin biyo baya Ko akwai maganin da ya dace Ko ganowa da wuri yana inganta sakamakon jiyya Ko ciwon daji zai taɓa buƙatar magani Ko gwajin ya kasance karbuwa ga mutane: Idan gwajin gwajin ya yi nauyi (misali, mai tsananin zafi), to mutane za su ki shiga.[153]

== Farashin Shawarwari ==
Rundunar Tsaro ta Amurka gungiyar kwararru ta Amurka (USPSTF) ta ba da shawarwari ga cututtuka daban-daban: Yana ba da shawarar auna cutar kansar mahaifa ga mata masu jima'i kuma suna da mahaifa aqalla har zuwa shekaru 65.[154]. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi wa Amirkawa gwajin cutar kansar launin fata ta hanyar gwajin jini na facal, sigmoidoscopy, ko colonoscopy farawa daga shekara 50 har zuwa shekara 75.[155]. Shaidu ba su isa ba don bayar da shawarar don ko hana gwajin cutar kansar fata, [156] ciwon daji na baka, [157] kansar huhu, [158] ko ciwon gurguwar prostate a cikin maza a karkashin 75.[159]. Ba a ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don ciwon daji na mafitsara, [160] kansar testicular, [161] cancer ovarian, [162] cancer pancreatic, [163] ko prostate cancer.[164] Yana ba da shawarar mammography don gwajin cutar kansar nono kowane shekara biyu daga shekaru 50-74, amma baya ba da shawarar ko dai a yi gwajin nono ko gwajin nono na asibiti.[165] Wani bita na Cochrane na 2013 ya kammala cewa gwajin cutar kansar nono ta hanyar mammography ba shi da wani tasiri wajen rage mace-mace saboda yawan bincike-bincike da wuce gona da iri. 

== Gwajin Kwayar Halitta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Gene
! Cancer types
|-
| [[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]]
| Breast, ovarian, pancreatic
|-
| [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC]], [[MLH1]], [[MSH2]], [[MSH6]], [[PMS1]], [[PMS2]]
| Colon, uterine, small bowel, stomach, urinary tract
|}
Gwajin kwayoyin halitta Duba kuma: Ciwon daji Nau'in Ciwon Kansa BRCA1, BRCA2 Nono, kwai, pancreatic HNPCC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 Colon, uterine, kananan hanji, ciki, urinary fili gungiyoyin da ba na hukuma ba suna ba da shawarar gwajin kwayoyin halitta ga mutane masu hadari na wasu cututtuka. Masu dauke da waɗannan maye gurbi na iya yin ingantacciyar sa ido, maganin rigakafi, ko tiyata don rage hadarinsu na gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid24176569&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=BRCA08&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Gulati AP, [[Susan Domchek|Domchek SM]] |s2cid=29630942 |title=The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers |journal=Current Oncology Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18366960 |doi=10.1007/s11912-008-0008-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=BRCA08/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
Gudanarwa: Gudanar da ciwon daji da ciwon daji Akwai zabubbukan magani da yawa don ciwon daji. Na farko sun hada da tiyata, chemotherapy, radiation far, hormonal far, niyya far da palliative kula. Wadanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su ya dogara da nau'in, wuri da matakin ciwon daji da kuma lafiyar majiyyaci da abubuwan da ake so. Manufar magani na iya ko ba ta zama magani ba. 

== Chemotherapy ==
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy shine maganin ciwon daji tare da daya ko fiye cytotoxic anti-neoplastic kwayoyi (chemotherapeutic agents) a matsayin wani bangare na daidaitaccen tsari. Kalmar ta kunshi magunguna iri-iri, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan kamar su alkylating agents da antimetabolites.[168] Magungunan chemotherapeutic na al'ada suna yin aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke rarraba cikin sauri, wani abu mai mahimmanci na yawancin kwayoyin kansa. An gano cewa samar da magungunan cytotoxic a hade ya fi magani guda; wani tsari da ake kira haɗin kai; wanda ke da fa'ida a cikin kididdigar rayuwa da martani ga ciwace-ciwacen daji da ci gaban cutar.[169] Wani bita na Cochrane ya kammala cewa hadin gwiwa ya fi tasiri don magance ciwon daji na nono. Koyaya, gabaɗaya ba tabbas ko haɗin chemotherapy yana haifar da ingantacciyar sakamako na lafiya, lokacin da aka yi la'akari da rayuwa da guba.[170] Maganin da aka yi niyya wani nau'i ne na chemotherapy wanda ke kaiwa takamaiman bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta tsakanin ciwon daji da kwayoyin al'ada. Magungunan da aka yi niyya na farko sun toshe kwayar mai karkar isrogen, yana hana ci gaban ciwon nono. Wani misali na yau da kullun shine nau'in inhibitors na Bcr-Abl, wadanda ake amfani da su don magance cutar sankarar bargo ta myelogenous (CML).[4] A halin yanzu, maganin da aka yi niyya ya wanzu ga yawancin nau'ikan ciwon daji na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon daji na mafitsara, kansar nono, kansar colorectal, ciwon koda, cutar sankarar bargo, kansar hanta, kansar huhu, lymphoma, kansar pancreatic, kansar prostate, kansar fata, da kansar thyroid kamar da sauran nau’in ciwon daji[171]. Amfanin chemotherapy ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da mataki. A hade tare da tiyata, chemotherapy ya tabbatar da amfani a cikin nau'in ciwon daji da suka hada da kansar nono, ciwon daji, ciwon daji na pancreatic, sarcoma osteogenic, ciwon daji na testicular, ciwon daji na ovarian da wasu cututtuka na huhu.[172]. Chemotherapy yana warkar da wasu cututtukan daji, kamar wasu cutar sankarar bargo, [173] [174] marasa tasiri a wasu ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, [175] da rashin buqata a wasu, kamar yawancin cututtukan fata marasa melanoma.[176]. Amfanin chemotherapy sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar guba zuwa wasu kyallen takarda a cikin jiki. Ko da chemotherapy bai ba da magani na dindindin ba, yana iya zama da amfani don rage alamun cututtuka kamar zafi ko rage girman kwayar kwayar cuta da ba ta iya aiki a cikin bege cewa tiyata zai yiwu a nan gaba. 

== Radiotion ==
Radiation Jiyya na radiation ya kunshi amfani da ionizing radiation a kokarin ko dai magani ko inganta alamun cututtuka. Yana aiki ta hanyar lalata DNA na nama mai ciwon daji, yana kashe shi. Don adana kyallen takarda na al'ada (kamar fata ko gabobin, wanda radiation dole ne ya wuce ta don magance ciwon daji), nau'ikan radiyo masu siffa suna nufin daga kusurwoyi masu yawa don shiga tsakani a cikin kwayar cuta, suna samar da kashi mafi girma a can fiye da kewaye, nama mai lafiya. . Kamar yadda yake tare da chemotherapy, ciwon daji ya bambanta a cikin martanin su ga maganin radiation.[177][178][179] Ana amfani da maganin radiation a kusan rabin lokuta. Radiation na iya zama ko dai daga tushen ciki (brachytherapy) ko waje na waje. Radiyon shine mafi yawan haskoki na X-ray marasa karfi don magance ciwon daji na fata, yayin da ake amfani da hasken X-ray mai karfi don ciwon daji a cikin jiki.[180] Radiation yawanci ana amfani dashi ban da tiyata da ko chemotherapy. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, kamar kansar farkon kai da wuyansa, ana iya amfani da shi kadai[181]. Don kashin kashi mai radadi, an gano yana da tasiri a kusan kashi 70% na marasa lafiya.[181] 

== Tiyata ==
Tiyata ita ce hanyar farko ta jiyya ga mafi yawan kebantacce, kwararrun cututtukan daji kuma maiyuwa suna taka rawa wajen daidaitawa da tsawaita rayuwa. Yawanci wani muhimmin sashi ne na tabbataccen ganewar asali da matakan ciwace-ciwacen daji, kamar yadda ake bukatar biopsies yawanci. A cikin ciwon daji na gida, tiyata yawanci yana kokari ya cire gaba daya taro tare da, a wasu lokuta, kwayoyin lymph a yankin. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji wannan ya isa ya kawar da cutar kansa[172].

== Kulawar Jin Dadi ==
Kulawar jin dadi Kulawa da jin dadi magani ne wanda ke kokarin taimaka wa majiyyaci jin daɗi kuma ana iya hada shi tare da kokarin magance cutar kansa. Kulawa da jin dadi ya hada da aiki don rage damuwa ta jiki, tunani, ruhi da damuwa na zamantakewa. Ba kamar jiyya da ke nufin kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye ba, babban burin kula da jin dadi shine haɓaka ingancin rayuwa. Mutane a kowane mataki na maganin ciwon daji yawanci suna samun wani nau'i na kulawa. A wasu lokuta, gungiyoyin kwararrun likita suna ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya da likitoci su amsa cutar kansa kawai tare da kulawar jin dadi.[182] Wannan ya shafi marasa lafiya wadanda: [183] suna nuna karancin aiki, yana nuna iyakacin ikon kula da kansu[182]

1. bai sami fa'ida daga jiyya na tushen shaida ba

2. ba su cancanci shiga kowane gwaji na asibiti da ya dace ba

3. babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa magani zai yi tasiri.

Kulawar jin dadi na iya rikicewa tare da asibiti don haka ana nunawa ne kawai lokacin da mutane suka kusanci karshen rayuwa. Kamar kulawar asibiti, kulawar jinya yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa majiyyaci su jimre da buƙatun su na gaggawa kuma don haɓaka ta'aziyya. Ba kamar kulawar asibiti ba, kulawar kwantar da hankali baya bukatar mutane su daina jiyya da ke nufin cutar kansa. Jagororin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da yawa sun ba da shawarar kulawa da wuri na gaggawa ga marasa lafiya wadanda ciwon daji ke haifar da alamun damuwa ko waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako don jure rashin lafiyarsu. A cikin marasa lafiya da aka fara gano cutar ta metastatic, ana iya ba da kulawa ta gaggawa nan da nan. Ana nuna kulawar jin daɗi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da tsinkayar ƙasa da watanni 12 na rayuwa har ma an ba su magani mai tsauri.

== Immunotherapy ==
Ciwon daji immunotherapy An fara amfani da nau'o'in hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ta hanyar amfani da immunotherapy, karfafawa ko taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji, tun daga 1997. Hanyoyi sun haɗa da kwayoyin rigakafi, maganin bincike, da kuma canja wurin kwayar halitta.[187]. 

== Maganin Laser ==
Maganin Laser: Laser a cikin maganin kansa Laser farfesa Laser yana amfani da haske mai karfi don magance ciwon daji ta raguwa ko lalata ciwace-ciwacen daji ko ci gaba mai saurin kamuwa. An fi amfani da Laser don magance ciwon daji na sama wanda ke saman jiki ko kuma murfin gabobin ciki. Ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji na fata na basal cell da farkon matakan wasu kamar su mahaifa, azzakari, farji, vulvar, da kuma ciwon huhu mara karami. Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi tare da wasu jiyya, kamar tiyata, chemotherapy, ko radiation far. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), ko interstitial Laser photocoagulation, yana amfani da Laser don magance wasu cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da hyperthermia, wanda ke amfani da zafi don rage ciwace-ciwacen kwayoyi ta hanyar lalacewa ko kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Laser sun fi dacewa fiye da tiyata kuma suna haifar da karancin lalacewa, zafi, zubar jini, kumburi, da tabo. Rashin lahani shine dole ne likitocin fida su sami horo na musamman. Yana iya zama mafi tsada fiye da sauran magunguna[188].

== Madadin Magunguna ==
Madadin Magungunan karfafawa da madadin maganin cutar kansa rukuni ne daban-daban na jiyya, ayyuka da samfurori waɗanda ba sa cikin magungunan al'ada.[189] “Maganin Ƙarfafawa” yana nufin hanyoyi da abubuwan da ake amfani da su tare da magungunan gargajiya, yayin da “maganin madadin” yana nufin mahadi da ake amfani da su maimakon magungunan gargajiya[190]. Yawancin magungunan da ke da alaqa da ciwon daji ba a yi nazari ko gwada su ta amfani da dabaru na al'ada kamar gwajin asibiti ba. An bincika wasu madadin jiyya kuma an nuna ba su da tasiri amma har yanzu ana ci gaba da tallata su da hadakawa. Wani mai bincike kan cutar daji Andrew J. Vickers ya bayyana cewa, &quot;Lakabin 'wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba' bai dace da irin waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba; lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da cewa yawancin hanyoyin maganin ciwon daji an 'bata'.

== Hasashen Dubi ==
[[File:Three measures of cancer mortality, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Matakan uku na mutuwar ciwon daji na duniya daga 1990 to 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Three measures of cancer mortality |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cancer-deaths-rate-and-age-standardized-rate-index |website=Our World in Data |access-date=7 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Hasashen Dubi kuma: Yawan tsira da cutar daji, Jerin adadin mace-macen cutar kansa a Amurka, da masu tsira da ciwon daji Matakai uku na mace-macen cutar kansa ta duniya daga 1990 zuwa 2017[192] Yawan tsira ya bambanta da nau'in ciwon daji da kuma matakin da aka gano shi, kama daga rayuwa mai yawa zuwa cikar mace-mace shekaru biyar bayan ganewar asali. Da zarar ciwon daji ya sami metastasized, tsinkaya yakan zama mafi muni. Kimanin rabin marasa lafiya da ke samun maganin ciwon daji (ban da carcinoma a wuri da kuma ciwon daji na fata wanda ba melanoma ba) suna mutuwa daga wannan ciwon daji ko maganinsa.[23] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ƙazamin kwayar cuta ta farko.[193] Rayuwa ya fi muni a kasashe masu tasowa, [23] wani bangare saboda nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a can yana da wuyar magani fiye da wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.[194] Wadanda suka tsira daga cutar kansa suna kamuwa da kansar farko na biyu da kusan ninki biyu na wadanda ba a gano su ba.[195] An yi imanin cewa haɓakar hadarin ya kasance saboda bazuwar damar haɓaka kowane ciwon daji, yuwuwar tsira daga cutar kansa ta farko, abubuwan haɗari iri ɗaya waɗanda suka haifar da cutar kansa ta farko, illolin da ba'a so na magance cutar kansa ta farko (musamman magungunan radiation), da kuma mafi kyawun yarda da nunawa.[195]. Hasashen tsira na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Mafi mahimmanci sune nau'in ciwon daji da shekarun majiyyaci da lafiyar jiki gaba daya. Wadanda ke da rauni tare da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna da karancin rayuwa fiye da sauran mutane masu lafiya. Ba zai yi yuwuwa masu shekaru dari ba su rayu har tsawon shekaru biyar ko da an sami nasarar jiyya. Mutanen da suka ba da rahoton ingancin rayuwa suna dade da rayuwa.[196] Mutanen da ke da karancin ingancin rayuwa na iya shafar bakin ciki da sauran rikice-rikice da / ko ci gaban cuta waɗanda duka biyun suna lalata inganci da adadin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya da ke da mummunan tsinkaya na iya zama cikin bakin ciki ko kuma ba da rahoton rashin ingancin rayuwa saboda sun fahimci cewa yanayin su na iya zama m. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna da haɗarin toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyinsu wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwa.[197] Yin amfani da magungunan kashe jini irin su heparin yana rage hadarin daskarewar jini amma ba a nuna cewa yana ƙara rayuwa ga masu ciwon daji ba.[197] Mutanen da ke shan magungunan kashe jini su ma suna da hadarin zubar jini.[197] Ko da yake yana da wuyar gaske, wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, ko da daga matakin ci gaba, na iya warkewa nan da nan. Wannan al’amari ana kiransa da gafara ba tare da bata lokaci ba.[198].

== Epidemiology ==
Epidemiology: Ilimin cututtukan daji na cutar kansa Duba kuma: Jerin kasashe ta adadin kansa Duba ko gyara bayanan tushe. Adadin mace-mace masu shekaru daga cutar kansa a cikin mutane 10,000.[199] An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2018, mutane miliyan 18.1 sun kamu da cutar kansa da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 9.6 a duniya.[200] Kimanin kashi 20% na maza da 17% na mata za su kamu da cutar kansa a wani lokaci yayin da kashi 13% na maza da kashi 9% na mata za su mutu daga gare ta.[200] A cikin 2008, an gano kimanin mutane miliyan 12.7 na ciwon daji (ban da ciwon daji na fata da ba na melanoma ba da sauran cututtukan da ba sa cutarwa) [23] kuma a cikin 2010 kusan mutane miliyan 7.98 sun mutu.[201]. Ciwon daji na kusan kashi 16% na mace-mace. Mafi yawan kamar na 2018 sune ciwon huhu (mutuwar miliyan 1.76), ciwon daji na launi (860,000) ciwon ciki (780,000), ciwon hanta (780,000), da ciwon nono (620,000).[2]. Wannan ya sanya cutar sankara ta zama babban sanadin mutuwar mutane a kasashen da suka ci gaba kuma na biyu a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.[23] Fiye da rabin lokuta suna faruwa a duniya masu tasowa.[23] Mutuwar cutar kansa ya kai miliyan 5.8 a 1990.[201] Mutuwar tana karuwa da farko saboda tsawon rayuwa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa[23]. Babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa shine shekaru.[202] Ko da yake yana yiwuwa ciwon daji ya buge kowane shekaru, yawancin masu fama da ciwon daji sun haura 65.[202] A cewar Robert A. Weinberg, mai binciken ciwon daji, &quot;Idan mun rayu tsawon lokaci, ba dade ko ba dade dukanmu za mu kamu da ciwon daji.&quot; tsawon rayuwa[205] da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a cikin tsarin endocrine.[206] Tasirin tsufa akan kansa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwa kamar lalacewar DNA da kumburi da ke inganta shi da abubuwan kamar tsufa na jijiyoyin jini da canje-canjen endocrin da ke hana shi.[207]. Wasu cututtukan daji masu saurin girma suna da yawa musamman, amma galibi ba sa mutuwa. Nazarin autopsy a Turai da Asiya ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 36 cikin 100 na mutane ba a gano su ba kuma a fili ba su da cutar kansar thyroid a lokacin mutuwarsu kuma kashi 80% na maza suna kamuwa da kansar prostate ta hanyar shekaru 80.[208][209]. Kamar yadda wadannan cututtukan daji ba su haifar da mutuwar majiyyaci ba, gano su da zai wakilci cutar fiye da kima maimakon kulawar likita. Ciwon daji guda uku da aka fi sani da yara sune cutar sankarar bargo (34%), ciwan kwakwalwa (23%) da lymphomas (12%).[210]. A Amurka ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin yara 285.[211] Adadin ciwon daji na yara ya karu da kashi 0.6% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1975 zuwa 2002 a Amurka[212] da 1.1% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1978 da 1997 a Turai.[210] Mutuwar cutar kansar yara ta ragu da rabi tsakanin 1975 da 2010 a Amurka.[211]

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Clara Jacobi-Tumor.jpg|thumb|left|Zane tare da ra'ayoyi biyu na wata mata 'yar kasar Holland wacce aka cire mata wani kumburi daga wuyanta a ciki  1689]]
Tarihi: Tarihin ciwon daji Yin zane tare da ra'ayoyi guda biyu na wata mace ta Holland wadda aka cire mata ciwon daji daga wuyanta a 1689 Ciwon daji ya wanzu ga dukan tarihin ɗan adam.[213]. Rubuce-rubuce na farko game da cutar kansa daga kusan 1600 BC a cikin littafin Edwin Smith Papyrus na Masar kuma ya bayyana kansar nono.[213] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) ya bayyana nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, yana nufin su da kalmar Helenanci καρκίνος karkinos (kaguwa ko crayfish).[213]. Wannan suna ya zo ne daga bayyanar da aka yanke na wani kakkauran ciwon daji, tare da “jiyoyin da suka miqe ta kowane bangare kamar yadda dabbar kaguwa ke da kafafunta, daga nan ne aka samo sunanta”[214]. Galen ya bayyana cewa &quot;ana kiran ciwon daji na nono ne saboda kamannin kamanni da kaguwa da aka yi ta hanyar tsawaitawar ciwace-ciwacen daji da jijiyoyin da ke kusa da su&quot;.[215]: 738  Celsus (c. 25 BC – 50 AD) da aka fassara. karkinos zuwa cikin Latin kansa, kuma yana nufin kaguwa da shawarar tiyata a matsayin magani.[213]. Galen (karni na biyu AD) bai yarda da yin amfani da tiyata ba kuma ya ba da shawarar abin da ake amfani da shi a maimakon haka[213]. Wadannan shawarwarin sun tsaya tsayin daka tsawon shekaru 1000.[213] A karni na 15, 16, da 17, ya zama karbuwa ga likitoci su rarraba gawarwaki don gano musabbabin mutuwar.[216] Farfesan nan dan kasar Jamus Wilhelm Fabry ya yi imanin cewa ciwon nono na faruwa ne sakamakon wani gudanwar madara a cikin bututun mama. Farfesa dan kasar Holland Francois de la Boe Sylvius, mabiyin Descartes, ya yi imanin cewa dukkanin cututtuka sune sakamakon hanyoyin sinadarai kuma ruwan lemun tsami na acidic shine dalilin ciwon daji. Nicolaes Tulp na zamaninsa ya yi imanin cewa ciwon daji guba ne da ke yaduwa a hankali kuma ya kammala cewa yana yaduwa.[217] Likitan John Hill ya bayyana shakar taba a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar hanci a shekarar 1761.[216] Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton a shekara ta 1775 na wani likitan fida dan kasar Biritaniya Percivall Pott cewa chimney yana shafan cutar sankarau, ciwon daji na kwankwasa, cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare tsakanin sharar bututun hayaƙi.[218]. Tare da yaduwar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa a cikin karni na 18, an gano cewa 'dafin ciwon daji' ya yadu daga ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta cikin ƙwayoyin lymph zuwa wasu shafuka (&quot;metastasis&quot;). Wani likitan fiɗa na Ingila Campbell De Morgan ne ya fara tsara wannan ra'ayi na cutar tsakanin 1871 da 1874.

== Al'umma Da Al'adu ==
Al'umma da al'adu Duk da cewa cututtuka da yawa (kamar gazawar zuciya) na iya samun hasashen mafi muni fiye da mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji, ciwon daji shine batun tsoro da fargaba. Har ila yau ana amfani da lafazin “kananan rashin lafiya” na bayyana ciwon daji da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin tarihin mutuwa, maimakon sanya sunan cutar a sarari, yana nuna wani abin kunya da ya bayyana.[220] Har ila yau, ciwon daji ana kiransa &quot;kalmar C&quot;;[221] [222] [223] Macmillan Cancer Support yana amfani da kalmar don kokarin rage tsoro game da cutar.[224]. A Najeriya, wani sunan gida na kansa da ake fassarawa zuwa Turanci zuwa “cutar da ba za a iya warkewa ba”[225]. Wannan imani mai zurfi cewa ciwon daji dole ne mai wuyar gaske kuma yawanci cuta mai kisa yana nunawa a cikin tsarin da al'umma suka zaba don tattara kididdigar ciwon daji: mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji-wanda ba melanoma ba, yana lissafin kusan kashi daya bisa uku na cututtukan daji a duniya, amma kadan kaɗan ne ke mutuwa[226][227]—ba a kebe su daga kididdigar ciwon daji musamman saboda ana samun saukin bi da su kuma kusan koyaushe ana warkar da su, sau da yawa a cikin hanya ɗaya, gajeriyar hanya.[228]. Tunanin yammacin duniya game da haƙƙin marasa lafiya ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa sun haɗa da alhakin bayyana cikakken yanayin lafiyar mutum, da hakkin shiga cikin yanke shawara tare ta hanyar mutunta kimar mutum. A wasu al'adu, an fi son sauran hakkoki da ƙima. Misali, yawancin al'adun Afirka suna daraja iyalai gaba daya maimakon dabi'a. A wasu sassa na Afirka, an fi sanin cutar da a makara ta yadda ba za a iya samun magani ba, kuma idan ana samun magani, za ta yi saurin ruguza iyali. A sakamakon wadannan dalilai, masu ba da kiwon lafiya na Afirka sukan bar 'yan uwa su yanke shawara ko, lokacin da kuma yadda za a bayyana cutar, kuma suna yin hakan sannu a hankali da da'ira, yayin da mutum ya nuna sha'awa da kuma ikon jure wa mummunan labari. [225] Mutane daga kasashen Asiya da Kudancin Amurka suma sun fi son a hankali, rashin gaskiya wajen bayyanawa fiye da yadda aka tsara a Amurka da Yammacin Turai, kuma sun yi imanin cewa wani lokaci zai fi kyau kada a ba da labarin cutar sankara.[225] ] Gabadaya, bayyana cutar ta ya fi yawa fiye da yadda ake yi a karni na 20, amma ba a ba da cikakken bayanin hasashen ba ga yawancin marasa lafiya a duniya.[225] A Amurka da wasu al'adu, ana daukar cutar kansa a matsayin cuta da dole ne a &quot;yaki&quot; don kawo karshen &quot;tashe-tashen hankula&quot;; An ayyana Yaƙi akan Ciwon daji a Amurka. Misalai na soja sun zama ruwan dare musamman a cikin kwatancin illolin cutar kansa, kuma suna jaddada yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci da kuma buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa da kansa maimakon jinkirtawa, yin watsi ko dogara gaba ɗaya ga wasu. Ƙididdigar soja kuma suna taimakawa wajen tantance tsattsauran ra'ayi, magunguna masu lalata.[229][230] A cikin 1970s, wani sanannen madadin maganin ciwon daji a Amurka wani nau'i ne na maganin magana na musamman, bisa ra'ayin cewa mummunan hali ne ke haifar da kansa.[231] Mutanen da ke da &quot;ɗabi'ar ciwon daji&quot;-masu bakin ciki, dannewa, ƙiyayya da kuma tsoron bayyana motsin zuciyar su-an yi imani da cewa sun bayyana kansa ta hanyar sha'awar tunani. Wasu masu ilimin halayyar dan adam sun ce maganin da zai canza tunanin majiyyaci game da rayuwa zai magance cutar kansa[231]. Daga cikin illolin, wannan imani ya baiwa al'umma damar zargin wanda aka azabtar da shi da ya haddasa cutar daji (ta hanyar &quot;son&quot; ta) ko hana maganinta (ta rashin zama cikakkiyar farin ciki, marar tsoro da ƙauna).[232]. Hakanan yana kara damuwa ga marasa lafiya, yayin da suka yi imani da kuskure cewa motsin rai na bakin ciki, fushi ko tsoro yana rage rayuwarsu.[232] Susan Sontag ta yi wa ra’ayin ba’a, wadda ta buga Illness as Metaphor yayin da take murmurewa daga maganin cutar kansar nono a 1978.[231]. Ko da yake ainihin ra'ayin yanzu gabaɗaya ana daukarsa azaman banza, ra'ayin wani kan pe

== Tasirin Tattalin Arziki ==
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki Jimillar kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya kan cutar daji a Amurka an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 80.2 a shekarar 2015.[234] Ko da yake kashe kudin kula da lafiya da ke da alaqa ya karu da cikakkiyar ma'ana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rabon kuɗin kiwon lafiya da aka keɓe don maganin cutar kansa ya kasance kusa da 5% tsakanin 1960s da 2004.[235][236]. An yi irin wannan tsari a Turai inda kusan kashi 6% na duk abin da ake kashewa na kula da lafiya ana kashewa wajen maganin ciwon daji[237][238]. Baya ga kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya da guba na kudi, ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi kai tsaye ta hanyar asarar yawan aiki saboda kwanakin rashin lafiya, rashin karfi na dindindin da nakasa gami da mutuwa da wuri a lokacin aiki. Ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi don kulawa na yau da kullun. Farashin kai tsaye da kuma farashin kulawa na yau da kullun ana kiyasta zai wuce ko daidai da kudin kula da lafiya na kansa.[239][238] 

== Wurin Aiki ==
an hada ciwon daji a matsayin yanayin kariya ta Hukumar Daidaita Ayyukan Aiki (EEOC), musamman saboda yuwuwar cutar kansa da ke da tasirin wariya ga ma'aikata.[240] Wariya a wurin aiki na iya faruwa idan mai aiki ya yi imanin karya cewa mai ciwon daji ba zai iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata ba, kuma yana iya neman ƙarin izinin rashin lafiya fiye da sauran ma'aikata. Har ila yau, masu ɗaukan ma'aikata na iya yin yanke shawara na haya ko kora bisa rashin fahimta game da nakasa ciwon daji, idan akwai. EEOC yana ba da jagororin tambayoyi ga masu daukar aiki, da kuma jerin abubuwan da za a iya magance su don tantancewa da saukar ma'aikatan da ke fama da cutar kansa.[240]

== Bincike ==
[[File:UF_CancerHospital.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[University of Florida Cancer Hospital]]]]
Bincike: Jami'ar Binciken Ciwon daji na Asibitin Cancer na Florida Domin ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka, [241][242] da wuya a sami &quot;maganin ciwon daji&quot; fiye da yadda za a sami magani guda daya don dukkan cututtuka masu yaduwa.[243] An tada tunanin masu hana Angiogenesis ba daidai ba suna da yuwuwar a matsayin maganin &quot;harsashi na azurfa&quot; da ke dacewa da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa.[244] Ana amfani da masu hana Angiogenesis da sauran magungunan ciwon daji a hade don rage cutar kansa da mace-mace.[245]. Ana nazarin magungunan ciwon daji na gwaji a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don kwatanta maganin da aka tsara zuwa mafi kyawun magani. Ana iya gwada magungunan da suka yi nasara a nau'in ciwon daji guda ɗaya da sauran nau'ikan.[246] Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike don inganta ingantattun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga majiyyatan da suka dace, dangane da ilimin halittarsu daya[247]. Binciken ciwon daji yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa masu zuwa: Ma'aikata (misali kwayoyin cuta) da abubuwan da suka faru (misali maye gurbi) wadanda ke haifar ko saukake canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka kaddara su zama ciwon daji. Madaidaicin yanayin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halittar da ya shafa. Sakamakon wadancan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta akan ilimin halitta na tantanin halitta, duka a cikin samar da ma'anar kaddarorin kwayar cutar kansa da kuma saukake ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar kansa. Ingantacciyar fahimtar ilmin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta saboda binciken cutar kansa ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa tun lokacin da shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya ayyana &quot;Yakin Ciwon daji&quot; a 1971. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasar ta kashe sama da dala biliyan 200 kan binciken cutar kansa, ciki har da albarkatu daga sassa na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu[248]. Adadin mutuwar ciwon daji (daidaita girman da shekarun yawan jama'a) ya ragu da kashi biyar tsakanin 1950 zuwa 2005.[249] Gasar don albarkatun kudi da alama ta danne kirkira, hadin gwiwa, hadarin hadari da tunanin asali da ake bukata don yin bincike na asali, ba tare da kin yarda da bincike mai karancin hadari cikin kananan hadaka havakawa sama da hadari, karin ingantaccen bincike. Sauran sakamakon gasa da alama karatu ne da yawa tare da ikirari masu ban mamaki waɗanda ba za a iya maimaita sakamakon su ba da kuma karkatattun abubuwan karfafawa wadanda ke karfafa cibiyoyin bayar da tallafi don hadaka ba tare da yin isassun jari a cikin ikonsu da wuraren aikinsu ba.[250][251][252][253] Virotherapy, wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana nazarin. Sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19, an sami damuwa cewa bincike da jiyya na cutar daji suna raguwa.[254][255]

== Juna Biyu ==
Ciwon daji na Ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin 1,000 mata masu juna biyu. Mafi yawan ciwon daji da ake samu a lokacin daukar ciki iri daya ne da na ciwon daji da ake samu a cikin mata marasa ciki a lokacin haihuwa: kansar nono, kansar mahaifa, cutar sankarar mahaifa, lymphoma, melanoma, kansar kwai da kuma ciwon daji[256]. Gano sabon ciwon daji a cikin mace mai ciki yana da wahala, a wani bangare saboda duk wani alamun da aka saba dauka a matsayin rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullun da ke da alaqa da ciki. A sakamakon haka, ciwon daji yawanci ana gano shi a wani dan lokaci kadan fiye da matsakaici. Wasu hanyoyin hoto, irin su MRIs (hoton maganadisu na maganadisu), CT scans, duban dan tayi da mammograms tare da garkuwar tayin ana daukar lafiya yayin daukar ciki; wasu kamar su PET scans, ba su kasance ba.[256] Magani gabaɗaya iri daya ne da na mata marasa ciki. Duk da haka, ana guje wa radiation da magungunan rediyo yayin daukar ciki, musamman idan adadin tayin zai iya wuce 100 cGy. A wasu lokuta, ana jinkirta wasu ko duka jiyya har sai bayan haihuwa idan an gano ciwon daji a karshen ciki. Ana amfani da bayarwa da wuri don ciyar da farkon jiyya. Tiyata gabadaya ba ta da lafiya, amma tiyatar kashin gugu a farkon watanni uku na iya haifar da zubar da ciki. Wasu jiyya, musamman wasu magungunan chemotherapy da aka bayar yayin datsa na farko

== Sauran Dabbobi ==
Likitan dabbobi, wanda ya fi maida hankali kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, kwarewa ce mai girma a cikin kasashe masu arziki kuma ana iya ba da manyan nau'ikan jiyya na dan adam kamar tiyata da rediyo. Mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwon daji sun bambanta, amma nauyin kansar yana da alama aqalla yana da girma a cikin dabbobi kamar na mutane. Dabbobi, yawanci rodents, galibi ana amfani da su wajen bincike kan cutar kansa kuma nazarin cututtukan daji a cikin manyan dabbobi na iya amfanar bincike kan kansar ɗan adam.[257] A cikin wadanda ba mutane ba, an bayyana wasu nau'o'in ciwon daji masu yaduwa, inda ciwon daji ke yaduwa tsakanin dabbobi ta hanyar watsa kwayoyin ciwon daji da kansu. Ana ganin wannan al'amari a cikin karnuka masu ciwon sarcoma na Sticker (wanda kuma aka sani da canine transmissible venereal tumor), da kuma shaidanun Tasmania masu fama da ciwon fuska na shaidan (DFTD).

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Cigaba da karatu ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bast |first1=Robert C. |last2=Croe |first2=Carlo M. |last3=Hait |first3=William N. |last4=Hong |first4=Waun Ki |last5=Kufe |first5=Donald W. |last6=Piccart-Gebhart |first6=Martine |last7=Pollock |first7=Raphael E. |last8=Weichselbaum |first8=Ralph R. |last9=Yang |first9=Hongwang |last10=Holland |first10=James F. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=onCBjwEACAAJ}} |year=2016 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-93469-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Kleinsmith |first=Lewis J. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Principles of cancer biology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LKVrAAAAMAAJ}}|year=2006|publisher=Pearson Benjamin Cummings|isbn=978-0-8053-4003-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Siddhartha |author-link=Siddhartha Mukherjee |title=The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer |year=2010 |publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-0795-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/emperorofallmala00mukh |access-date=7 August 2013 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Pazdur | first1 = Richard | last2 = Camphausen | first2 = Kevin A. | last3 = Wagman | first3 = Lawrence D. | last4 = Hoskins | first4 = William J.| name-list-style = vanc |title=Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach | year=2009 | publisher = Cmp United Business Media | isbn = 978-1-891483-62-2 | url = http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515031918/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-date = 15 May 2009 | id = {{google books |id=wbLnPAAACAAJ}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Schwab |first=Manfred | name-list-style = vanc |title=Encyclopedia of Cancer |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=mLUEf1kbbDgC}}|year= 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-36847-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Tannock |first=Ian | name-list-style = vanc |title=The basic science of oncology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Bb4F4pj2BdYC}}|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-138774-3}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Cutar daji]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Secondary tumor deposits in the liver from a primary cancer of the pancreas.jpg|thumb|Ciwon daji]]
[[Fayil:Sri Sankara TV Logo.png|thumb|sankara]]
'''Ciwon Daji''' rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke tattare da hadakar kwayoyin halitta ''(cell)'' mara kyau, tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer&quot;. ''World Health Organization''. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=28 March 2018|date=17 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan sun bambanta da ciwace-ciwacen daji, wanda ba su yaduwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; Alamun cutar ya hada da dungulewa, zub da jini mara kyau, tari mai tsawo, rama da canji a cikin [[Bahaya|motsin hanji]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer – Signs and symptoms&quot;. ''NHS Choices''. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wadannan cuwuka suna iya nuna akamun ciwon daji, suna iya wani cutan na daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Akwai sama da [[Jerin Nau'ikan Ciwon Daji|nau'ikan ciwukan daji guda 100]] da ke shafar mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; 

[[Shan taba]] shine Kuma sanadin kusan kashi 22% na mace-mace ta hanyar cutar daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2014-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608104550/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/cancer/Pages/symptoms.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran kashi 10% kuma yana faruwa ne saboda kiba, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, rashin motsa jiki ko yawan shan barasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Obesity and Cancer Risk|url=http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=4 July 2015|date=3 January 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704154440/http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|archive-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Jayasekara H, MacInnis RJ, Room R, English DR|title=Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Breast, Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism|volume=51|issue=3|pages=315–30|date=May 2016|pmid=26400678|doi=10.1093/alcalc/agv110|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan sun hada da wasu cututtuka, da fallasa hasken ionizing, da gurbataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kashi 15 cikin 100 na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda cututtuka irin su ''Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human papillomavirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus da Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ciwon huhu]]&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan abubuwan suna aiki, akalla, ta hanyar canza kwayoyin halittar tantanin halitta. Yawanci, ana bukatar yawan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta kafin ciwon daji ya taso. Kusan kashi 5-10% na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda illar gado. Ana kuma iya gano cutar sankara ta wasu alamu da alamomi ko gwaje-gwajen tantancewa. Sa'an nan yawanci ana cigaba da bincike ta hanyar hoton asibiti kuma ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ''biopsy''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=How is cancer diagnosed?|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|website=American Cancer Society|date=29 January 2013|access-date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120018/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|archive-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ana iya rage hadarin habakar wasu cututtukan daji ta hanyar rashin shan taba, kiyaye lafiyar kiba, iyakance yawan shan barasa, yawan cin [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]], [[dan'ice|'ya'yan itatuwa]], da cin sitaci,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mathers|first1=John C.|last2=CAPP 2 investigators|title=Cancer prevention with resistant starch in Lynch Syndrome patients in the CAPP2-randomized placebo controlled trial: planned 10-year follow-up|journal=Cancer Prevention Journal|date=1 September 2022|volume=15|issue=9|pages=623–634|doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044|pmid=35878732|pmc=9433960|url=https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-13|title=Cancer Symptoms: THESE symptoms are common in 5 types of cancers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/these-symptoms-are-common-in-5-types-of-cancers/photostory/96194648.cms|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; da dukan hatsi, [[Alluran rigakafi|rigakafi]] da wasu cututtuka masu yaduwa, iyakance cin nama da aka sarrafa da jan name, da iyakance yawan shiga hasken rana kai tsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kushi2012&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T|s2cid=2067308|title=American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ca-a-cancer-journal-for-clinicians_january-february-2012_62_1/page/30|journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians|volume=62|issue=1|pages=30–67|year=2012|pmid=22237782|doi=10.3322/caac.20140|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC|title=16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010|journal=British Journal of Cancer|volume=105|issue=Suppl 2|pages=S77–81|date=December 2011|pmid=22158327|pmc=3252065|doi=10.1038/bjc.2011.489}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gano cutar da wuri ta hanyar dubawa yana da amfani ga [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]] na mahaifa da na launi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WCR2014Scr&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|url=http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|pages=Chapter 4.7|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|archive-date=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai sabani dangane da muhammancin gwajin cutar sankarar nono.&lt;ref name=&quot;Got2013&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ|title=Screening for breast cancer with mammography|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2013|issue=6|pages=CD001877|date=June 2013|pmid=23737396|pmc=6464778|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin lokaci ana bi da kansa tare da wasu hadewar maganin ''radiation'', tiyata, ''chemotherapy'' da maganin da aka yi niyya . Radadi da kulawa da alamu sune muhimmin sashi na kulawa. Kulawa da jin dadi yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da cigaba.  Damar tsira ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da girman cutar a farkon jiyya.  A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 a lokacin ganewar asali, adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar a cikin duniya da suka cigaba yana kan matsakaicin 80%.  Ga ciwon daji a Amurka, matsakaicin adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar shine 66%. 

A cikin shekara ta 
2015, kusan mutane miliyan 90.5 sun kamu da cutar kansa.  Ya zuwa 2019, kusan sabbin maganganu miliyan 18 na faruwa a shekara.  A kowace shekara, ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane miliyan 8.8 (15.7% na mace-mace ).  Mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji a cikin maza sune [[Ciwon huhun daji|ciwon huhu]], [[Ciwon daji na prostate|ciwon prostate]], [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]], da ciwon ciki .  A cikin mata, nau'o'in da aka fi sani da shi sune ciwon nono, ciwon daji, ciwon huhu, da ciwon mahaifa.  Idan [[ciwon daji na fata]] banda melanoma ya kasance cikin sabbin cututtukan daji kowace shekara, zai kai kusan kashi 40% na lokuta.   A cikin yara, cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphoblastic da kuma ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa sun fi yawa, sai dai a Afirka, inda lymphoma ba Hodgkin ke faruwa sau da yawa.  A cikin shekara ta 2012, kimanin yara 165,000 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 sun kamu da ciwon daji.  Haarin cutar kansa yana ƙaruwa sosai da shekaru, kuma yawancin cututtukan daji suna faruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Yawan kudi yana karuwa yayin da mutane da yawa ke rayuwa har zuwa tsufa kuma yayin da canje-canjen salon rayuwa ke faruwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.  A kudi halin kaka na ciwon daji aka kiyasta a 1,16 tiriliyan USD a kowace shekara {{As of|2010}}.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Cancer.webm|thumbtime=0:32|thumb|Video summary (script)]]

== '''Asalin kalma da ma'anoni''' ==
Kalmar ta fito daga tsohuwar Girkanci καρκίνος, ma'ana ''kaguwa'' da ''ƙari'' . Likitocin Girka '''Hippocrates''' da '''Galen''', da sauransu, sun lura da kamannin kaguwa da wasu ciwace-ciwacen daji masu kumbura. An gabatar da kalmar a Turanci a ma'anar likitancin zamani a kusa da 1600. 

Ciwon daji ya kunshi babban iyali na cututtuka wadanda suka hada da hadakar kwayar sel mara kyau tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Suna samar da wani yanki na ''neoplasms'' . '''Neoplasm''' ko kari wani rukuni ne na kwayoyin '''sel''' wadanda suka sami girma mara tsari kuma galibi za su samar da taro ko dunkule, amma ana iya rarraba su a fili.  

Duk kwayoyin kari suna nuna alamomi shida na ciwon daji . Ana buƙatar waɗannan halaye don samar da kwayar cuta mara kyau. Sun hada da: 

* Girman cikin halitta da rarrabuwa ba su da sigina masu dacewa
* Cigaba da girma da rarrabuwa har ma da aka ba da sigina sabani
* Gujewa shirin mutuwar kwayar halitta
* Mara iyaka na sassan '''sel'''
* Haɓaka ginin magudanar jini
* Mamaye nama da samuwar metastases 

Cigaba daga '''sel''' na yau da kullun zuwa '''sel''' waɗanda zasu iya samar da adadin da za'a iya ganowa zuwa kansa kai tsaye ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa da aka sani da cigaba mara kyau.

== Alamomi da alamomi ==
 
[[File:Symptoms_of_cancer_metastasis.svg|thumb| Alamomin ciwon daji na metastasis sun dogara ne akan wurin da kari yake.]]
Lokacin da ciwon daji ya fara, ba ya haifar da alamun. Alamomi da alamomi suna bayyana yayin da taro ke girma ko ciwon ciki . Sakamakon binciken ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da wurin da yake ciki. 'Yan alamun suna da takamaiman . Yawancin lokuta suna faruwa a cikin mutane wadanda ke da wasu yanayi. Ciwon daji na iya zama da wahala a gano shi kuma ana iya daukarsa a matsayin &quot; babban mai koyi .&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutane na iya zama cikin damuwa ko damuwa bayan an gano cutar. Hadarin kashe kansa a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon daji ya kusan ninki biyu. 

=== Alamomin gida ===
Alamomin gida na iya faruwa saboda yawan kwayar cuta ko gyambonta. Alal misali, sakamako mai yawa daga ciwon huhu na huhu zai iya toshe bronchus wanda ke haifar da tari ko ciwon huhu ; Ciwon daji na esophageal zai iya haifar da kunkuntar esophagus, yana sa ya zama mai wuya ko mai radadi don hadiye; kuma [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji na launi na]] iya haifar da raguwa ko toshewa a cikin hanji, yana shafar dabi'un hanji. Talakawa a cikin kirjin ko kwaya na iya haifar da kullu mai gani. Ulceration na iya haifar da zubar jini wanda zai iya haifar da alamomi kamar [[Tari jini|tari na jini]] (ciwon daji), [[Rashin jini|anemia]] ko zubar da jini na dubura (ciwon daji), jini a cikin fitsari (ciwon mafitsara), ko zubar da jini na al'ada (endometrial ko cervical cancer). Kodayake ciwo na gida yana iya faruwa a cikin ciwon daji mai ci gaba, kwayar farko ba ta da zafi. Wasu ciwon daji na iya haifar da tarin ruwa a cikin kirji ko ciki . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alamomin tsari ===
Alamun tsarin na iya faruwa saboda amsawar jiki ga ciwon daji. Wannan na iya hadawa da gajiya, asarar nauyi ba da gangan ba, ko canjin fata.  Wasu cututtuka na iya haifar da tsarin kumburi na tsarin da ke haifar da asarar tsoka da rauni mai gudana, wanda aka sani da cachexia . 

Wasu nau'in ciwon daji kamar cutar Hodgkin, cutar sankarar bargo da [[ciwon daji na hanta]] ko koda na iya haifar da zazzabi mai tsayi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji suna haifar da hormones ko wasu kwayoyin halitta da kwayar cuta ta haifar, wanda aka sani da paraneoplastic syndromes . Ciwon daji na paraneoplastic na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hypercalcemia wanda zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, makarkashiya da bushewa, ko hyponatremia wanda kuma zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, amai, ciwon kai ko faduwa. 

=== Metastasis ===
 
Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya metastasize. Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya daidaita.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is Metastasized Cancer2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is Metastasized Cancer?|url=http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|website=National Comprehensive Cancer Network|access-date=18 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707200430/http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|archive-date=7 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Da hankula matakai a metastasis ne gida mamayewa, intravasation a cikin jini, ko Lymph, wurare dabam dabam a cikin jiki, extravasation cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da kuma angiogenesis . Daban-daban nau'ikan cututtukan daji suna yin kaura zuwa ga wasu gabobin, amma gabadaya wuraren da aka fi sani da metastases su ne huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa da kasusuwa .

== Dalilai ==
[[File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|thumb|Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa]]
[[File:Share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Share of cancer deaths attributed to tobacco |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco |website=Our World in Data |access-date=5 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Babban labarin: Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin 2016. Yawancin ciwon daji, wasu kashi 90-95% na lokuta, suna faruwa ne saboda sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan muhalli da salon rayuwa. Ragowar kashi 5-10 cikin 100 na gado ne. Muhalli yana nufin duk wani abu da ba a gada ba, kamar salon rayuwa, tattalin arziki, da halaye ba kawai gurbatacce ba[38]. Abubuwan muhalli na gama gari waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwar kansa sun haɗa da shan taba (25-30%), abinci da kiba (30-35%), cututtuka (15-20%), radiation (duka ionizing da rashin ionizing, har zuwa 10%). , rashin motsa jiki, da gurbacewa.[3][39] Danniya na ilimin halin dan Adam baya bayyana a matsayin wani abu mai hadari ga farkon ciwon daji,  ko da yake yana iya tsananta sakamako a cikin wadanda ke da ciwon daji. Ba a yiwuwa a gabadaya a tabbatar da abin da ya haifar da wani ciwon daji saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su da takamaiman alamun yatsa. Misali, idan mutumin da ke shan taba ya kamu da cutar kansar huhu, to mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar amfani da taba, amma da yake kowa yana da dan karamin damar kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu sakamakon gurbataccen iska ko radiation, ciwon daji na iya tasowa saboda daya daga cikin wadannan dalilai. Sai dai cututtukan da ba kasafai suke faruwa ba tare da masu juna biyu da masu ba da gudummawar gabobin jiki lokaci-lokaci, ciwon daji gabadaya ba cuta ce mai iya yaɗuwa ba,  duk da haka abubuwan da ka iya haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji na iya yaduwa; irin su oncoviruses kamar hepatitis B, cutar Epstein-Barr da HIV.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sinadarai ==
[[File:Cancer smoking lung cancer correlation from NIH.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba.]]
Sinadaran bkrin bayani: Barasa da ciwon daji da shan taba da ciwon daji Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba. An danganta bayyanar da wasu abubuwa na musamman da takamaiman nau'in ciwon daji. Wadannan abubuwa ana kiran su carcinogens. Shan taba, alal misali, yana haifar da kashi 90% na cutar kansar huhu. Har ila yau yana haifar da ciwon daji a cikin makogwaro, kai, wuya, ciki, mafitsara, koda, esophagus da pancreas. Hayakin taba ya qunshi fiye da hamsin sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da nitrosamines da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Taba yana da alhakin kusan daya cikin biyar na mutuwar cutar kansa a duniya da kusan ɗaya cikin uku a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba. Yawan mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a Amurka ya yi kama da tsarin shan taba, tare da karuwar shan taba tare da karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin adadin mutuwar cutar kansar huhu kuma, kwanan nan, raguwar yawan shan taba tun shekarun 1950 ya biyo bayan raguwar mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a cikin maza tun 1990. A Yammacin Turai, kashi 10% na ciwon daji na maza da kashi 3% na ciwon daji na mata ana danganta su da shan barasa, musamman ciwon hanta da na narkewar abinci. Ciwon daji daga bayyanar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da aiki na iya haifar da tsakanin 2 zuwa 20% na lokuta,  yana haifar da aƙalla mutuwar 200,000. Ciwon daji kamar kansar huhu da mesothelioma na iya fitowa daga shakar hayakin taba ko filayen asbestos, ko cutar sankarar bargo daga kamuwa da benzene. Fuskantar perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen samar da Teflon, an san yana haifar da ciwon daji iri biyu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci Da Motsa Jiki ==
Abinci da motsa jiki: Abinci da ciwon daji Abinci, rashin motsa jiki da kiba suna da alaka da kusan kashi 30-35% na mutuwar ciwon daji. A cikin Amurka, yawan nauyin jiki yana da alaqa da habaka nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa kuma yana da tasiri a cikin 14-20% na mutuwar ciwon daji.Wani bincike na Burtaniya wanda ya hada da bayanai kan mutane sama da miliyan 5 ya nuna mafi girman kididdigar jiki da ke da alaqa da akalla nau'ikan ciwon daji guda 10 kuma ke da alhakin kusan cututtukan 12,000 kowace shekara a cikin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2013-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043732/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi imanin rashin aiki na jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga hadarin ciwon daji, ba kawai ta hanyar tasirinsa akan nauyin jiki ba har ma ta hanyar mummunan tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi da tsarin endocrine.[54]. Fiye da rabin abin da ke haifar da abinci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki (cin abinci da yawa), maimakon cin kayan lambu da yawa ko wasu abinci masu lafiya. Wasu takamaiman abinci suna da alaqa da takamaiman cututtukan daji. Cin abinci mai yawan gishiri yana da alaka da ciwon daji na ciki&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society&lt;/ref&gt;. Aflatoxin B1, mai yawan gurɓatar abinci, yana haifar da ciwon hanta. Taunar goro na iya haifar da kansar baki. Bambance-bambancen kasa a cikin ayyukan abinci na iya yin bayanin bambance-bambance a cikin abin da ya faru na kansa. Misali, ciwon daji na ciki ya fi zama ruwan dare a Japan saboda yawan abinci mai gishiri yayin da ciwon hanji ya fi yawa a Amurka. Bayanan ciwon daji na bakin haure suna kwatanta na sabuwar kasarsu, sau da yawa a cikin tsara kaya. 

== Kamuwa Da Cuta ==


Kamuwa da cuta: Abubuwan da ke kamuwa da cutar daji A duk duniya kusan kashi 18% na mutuwar kansa yana da alaqa da cututtuka masu yaduwa.[Wannan rabo ya tashi daga babban kashi 25% a Afirka zuwa kasa da kashi 10% a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Kwayoyin cuta sune cututtuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon daji amma kwayoyin cutar kansa da kwayoyin cuta na iya taka rawa. Oncoviruses (kwayoyin cutar da za su iya haifar da ciwon daji) sun hada da papillomavirus na mutum (ciwon daji na mahaifa), cutar Epstein-Barr (cututtukan lymphoproliferative B-cell da nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (Kaposi's sarcoma da primary effusion lymphomas), hepatitis B da hepatitis C ƙwayoyin cuta. hepatocellular carcinoma) da kuma ɗan adam T-cell cutar sankarar bargo-1 (T-cell leukemias). Har ila yau ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kara hadarin ciwon daji, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ciwon daji na Helicobacter pylori wanda ke haifar da ciwon ciki.[59][60]. Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji sun hada da Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) da hanta flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini da Clonorchis sinensis (cholangiocarcinoma).&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20140&lt;/ref&gt;

== Radiation ==
Radiation: Ciwon daji da ke haifar da radiation Fitar da hasken wuta kamar hasken ultraviolet da kayan aikin rediyo abu ne mai hadari ga kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252065&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin cututtukan daji waɗanda ba melanoma ba suna faruwa ne saboda hasken ultraviolet, galibi daga hasken rana.[63] Tushen ionizing radiation sun haɗa da hoton likita da radon gas.[63] Ionizing radiation ba mutagen mai karfi ba ne musamman.[65] Fuskantar wurin zama ga iskar radon, alal misali, yana da hadarin kansa iri daya kamar shan taba.[65] Radiation shine tushen ciwon daji mafi karfi idan aka haɗa shi da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa, kamar radon da hayakin taba.[65] Radiation zai iya haifar da ciwon daji a yawancin sassan jiki, a cikin dukan dabbobi da kuma kowane shekaru. Yara suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo wanda ke haifar da radiation sau biyu kamar manya; Fitar da radiation kafin haihuwa yana da tasirin sau goma.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Amfani da likitanci na ionizing radiation karami ne amma girma tushen cututtukan daji da ke haifar da radiation. Ana iya amfani da radiation ionizing don magance wasu cututtuka, amma wannan yana iya, a wasu lokuta, ya haifar da nau'i na ciwon daji na biyu.[65] Hakanan ana amfani da shi a wasu nau'ikan hoton likita.[66] Tsawaita bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet daga rana na iya haifar da cutar sankarau da sauran cututtukan fata.[67] Tabbatacciyar shaida ta tabbatar da hasken ultraviolet, musamman ma matsakaitan igiyar ruwa ta UVB, a matsayin sanadin mafi yawan cututtukan daji na fata wadanda ba melanoma ba, wadanda sune nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a duniya.[67] Rashin ionizing mitar rediyo daga wayar hannu, watsa wutar lantarki da sauran makamantansu an bayyana su a matsayin yiwuwar cutar sankara ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don Bincike kan Ciwon daji[68]. Hujja kuwa, ba ta goyi bayan wata damuwa ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya hada da cewa binciken bai sami daidaito tsakanin radiation wayar hannu da haɗarin ciwon daji ba 

== Gado ==
Gado: Ciwon daji Mafi yawan ciwon daji ba na gado ba ne (na lokaci-lokaci). Ciwon daji na gado yana haifar da asali ne ta hanyar lahani na gado. Kasa da kashi 0.3 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a sune masu dauke da maye gurbi wanda ke da babban tasiri kan hadarin kansa kuma yana haifar da kasa da kashi 3-10 na cutar kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da: wasu maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta BRCA1 da BRCA2 tare da fiye da 75% hadarin ciwon nono da ciwon daji na ovarian, [71] da kuma ciwon daji na nonpolyposis colorectal (HNPCC ko Lynch syndrome), wanda ke cikin kusan 3. % na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji, [72] da sauransu. Bisa kididdigar da ciwon daji ke haifar da mafi yawan mace-mace, hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar launin fata lokacin da aka gano dangi na farko (iyaye, dan'uwa ko yaro) yana da kusan 2.[73]. Hadarin dangi daidai shine 1.5 don kansar huhu, [74] da 1.9 don kansar prostate.[75]. Ga ciwon nono, haɗarin dangi shine 1.8 tare da dangi na farko wanda ya hadaka shi yana da shekaru 50 ko sama da haka, da 3.3 lokacin da dangin ya hadaka shi lokacin yana kasa da shekaru 50.[76]. Mutane masu tsayi suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa saboda suna da ƙwayoyin sel fiye da gajerun mutane. Tunda tsayin daka ya kayyade ta hanyar gado mai yawa, mutane masu tsayi suna da haɓakar haɗarin cutar kansa. 

== Wakilan Jiki ==
Wakilan jiki Wasu abubuwa suna haifar da cutar kansa ta hanyar zahiri, maimakon sinadarai.[78] Babban misali na wannan shine tsawaita bayyanar da asbestos, filayen ma'adinai da ke faruwa a zahiri wadanda sune babban dalilin mesothelioma (ciwon daji na serous membrane) yawanci serous membrane kewaye da huhu.[78] Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nau'in, ciki har da abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri da kuma sinadarai masu kama da asbestos na roba, irin su wollastonite, attapulgite, ulun gilashi da ulun dutse, an yi imanin suna da irin wannan tasirin.[78] Abubuwan da ba su da fibrous wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji sun haɗa da cobalt na karfe na karfe da nickel da silica crystalline (quartz, cristobalite da tridymite).[78]. Yawancin lokaci, carcinogens na jiki dole ne su shiga cikin jiki (kamar ta hanyar numfashi) kuma suna buƙatar shekaru masu yawa don haifar da ciwon daji.[78]. Rashin raunin jiki da ke haifar da kansa ba ya da yawa.[79] Da'awar cewa karya kasusuwa yana haifar da ciwon daji, misali, ba a tabbatar da hakan ba.[79] Hakazalika, ba a yarda da raunin jiki a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar mahaifa, ciwon nono ko kansar kwakwalwa.[79] Ɗaya daga cikin tushen da aka yarda shine akai-akai, aikace-aikacen dogon lokaci na abubuwa masu zafi zuwa jiki. Mai yiyuwa ne a ce yawan kone-kone da ake yi a sassan jiki guda, kamar wanda ake samar da na’urorin dumama na kanger da na kairo (masu dumin hannu na garwashi), na iya haifar da cutar kansar fata, musamman idan akwai sinadarai masu dauke da cutar sankara.[79] Yawan shan shayi mai zafi yana iya haifar da ciwon daji na hanji[79]. Gabadaya, an yi imanin cewa ciwon daji yana tasowa, ko kuma ana karfafa ciwon daji da ya riga ya kasance, yayin aikin warkarwa, maimakon raunin da ya faru kai tsaye.[79] Koyaya, maimaita raunin da aka samu ga kyallen takarda iri ɗaya na iya hadakar kwayoyin sel da yawa, wanda hakan na iya ƙara yuwuwar maye gurbi mai cutar kansa. An yi hasashen kumburi na yau da kullun don haifar da maye gurbi kai tsaye.[79][80] Kumburi na iya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwa, rayuwa, angiogenesis da ƙaura na ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ta hanyar tasiri microenvironment na tumor.[81][82]. Oncogenes suna gina microenvironment pro-tumorigenic mai kumburi.

== Hormones ==


Hormones Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna taka rawa wajen bunkasa ciwon daji ta hanyar inganta yaduwar kwayar halitta.[84] Abubuwan haɓaka kamar insulin da sunadaran da ke ɗaure su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, bambance-bambance da apoptosis, suna nuna yiwuwar shiga cikin carcinogenesis.[85]. Hormones sune muhimman abubuwa a cikin cututtukan daji masu alaƙa da jima'i, kamar kansar nono, endometrium, prostate, ovary da testis da kuma ciwon daji na thyroid da kansar ƙashi.[84] Misali, 'ya'yan mata masu fama da ciwon nono suna da adadin isrogen da progesterone da yawa fiye da 'yan matan mata masu ciwon nono. Wadannan matakan hormone masu girma na iya yin bayanin haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar kansar nono, ko da idan babu kwayar cutar kansar nono.[84] Hakazalika, mazan kakannin Afirka suna da matakan girma na testosterone fiye da mazan zuriyar Turai kuma suna da mafi girman matakin cutar kansar prostate.[84] Maza daga zuriyar Asiya, tare da mafi karancin matakan testosterone-activating androstanediol glucuronide, suna da mafi ƙarancin matakan ciwon daji na prostate.[84] Sauran abubuwan da suka dace: masu kiba suna da matakan girma na wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji da kuma mafi girman adadin wadannan cututtukan.[84]. Matan da suke shan maganin maye gurbin hormone suna da babban hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar da ke da alaqa da wadannan kwayoyin cutar.[84] A gefe guda kuma, mutanen da suke motsa jiki fiye da matsakaici suna da kananan matakan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna rage haɗarin ciwon daji.[84]. Osteosarcoma na iya haɓaka ta hanyar hormones girma.[84] Wasu jiyya da hanyoyin rigakafin suna yin amfani da wannan dalili ta hanyar rage matakan hormone ta hanyar wucin gadi da kuma hana cututtukan daji masu saurin kamuwa da hormone.[84]

== Cututtukan autoimmune ==
Akwai wata gungiya tsakanin cutar celiac da kara hadarin duk ciwon daji. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac da ba a kula da su ba suna da haɗari mafi girma, amma wannan hadarin yana raguwa tare da lokaci bayan ganewar asali da kuma kulawa mai tsanani, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙaddamar da abinci marar yisti, wanda ke da alama yana da rawar kariya daga ci gaban malignancy a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac. . Duk da haka, jinkirin ganewar asali da farawa na cin abinci marar yisti yana ƙara haɗarin malignancies.[86] Yawan ciwon daji na gastrointestinal yana karuwa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Crohn da ulcerative colitis, saboda kumburi na kullum. Har ila yau, immunomodulators da kwayoyin halitta da ake amfani da su don magance wadannan cututtuka na iya inganta hadakar cututtuka na hanji.

== Pathophysiology ==
[[File:Cancer requires multiple mutations from NIHen.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi.  Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan.]]
Pathophysiology: Carcinogenesis Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi. Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan. Genetics Babban labarin: Oncogenomics Ciwon daji cuta ce ta asali cuta na tsarin girma na nama. Domin tantanin halitta ya canza zuwa kwayar cutar kansa, dole ne a canza kwayoyin halittar da ke daidaita girma da bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta.[88] Kwayoyin halittar da abin ya shafa sun kasu kashi biyu manya-manya. Oncogenes sune kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel da haifuwa. Kwayoyin da ke hana Tumor su ne kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke hana rarraba tantanin halitta da rayuwa. Mummunan canji na iya faruwa ta hanyar samuwar novel oncogenes, rashin dacewa kan-bayyanar da kwayoyin oncogenes na yau da kullun, ko ta hanyar bayyanawa ko naƙasa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana kari. Yawanci, ana buƙatar canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa don canza tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa kwayar cutar kansa.[89] Canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban kuma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Riba ko asarar dukkanin chromosome na iya faruwa ta hanyar kurakurai a cikin mitosis. Mafi na kowa maye gurbi, wadanda canje-canje ne a cikin jerin nucleotide na DNA na genomic. Manyan maye gurbi sun hada da gogewa ko samun wani yanki na chromosome. Ƙwararrun kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa lokacin da tantanin halitta ya sami kwafi (sau da yawa 20 ko fiye) na ƙaramin wuri na chromosomal, yawanci yana ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye da oncogenes da kayan gado na kusa. Juyawa yana faruwa lokacin da yankuna biyu na chromosomal daban-daban suka zama masu haɗuwa da juna, sau da yawa a wani yanayi na musamman. Wani sanannen misalin wannan shine chromosome na Philadelphia, ko fassarar chromosomes 9 da 22, wanda ke faruwa a cikin cutar sankarar jini na myelogenous na kullum kuma yana haifar da samar da furotin BCR-abl fusion protein, wani oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Kananan maye gurbi sun hada da maye gurbi, gogewa, da sakawa, wanda zai iya faruwa a yankin mai tallata kwayar halitta kuma ya shafi maganganunsa, ko kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin jerin lambobin kwayar halittar da kuma canza aiki ko kwanciyar hankali na furotin. Har ila yau, rushewar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya na iya haifar da haduwa da kwayoyin halitta daga kwayar cutar DNA ko retrovirus, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na kwayar cutar kwayar cutar a cikin kwayar cutar da kuma zuriyarsa. Maimaita bayanan da ke cikin DNA na sel masu rai zai haifar da wasu kurakurai (maye gurbi). An gina hadadden gyaran kurakurai da rigakafi a cikin tsari kuma yana kiyaye tantanin halitta daga cutar kansa. Idan babban kuskure ya faru, tantanin da ya lalace zai iya lalata kansa ta hanyar tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta, wanda ake kira apoptosis. Idan tsarin sarrafa kuskuren ya gaza, to, maye gurbin zai tsira kuma a wuce tare da sel 'ya'ya. Wasu mahalli suna sa kurakurai su iya tasowa da yaduwa. Irin waɗannan mahalli na iya haɗawa da kasancewar abubuwa masu barna da ake kira carcinogens, maimaita rauni na jiki, zafi, ionizing radiation ko hypoxia.[90] Kurakuran da ke haifar da ciwon daji suna hadaka kai da hadakawa, misali: Maye gurbi a cikin injin gyara kura kurai na tantanin halitta na iya sa wannan tantanin halitta da 'ya'yanta su tara kurakurai cikin sauri. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin oncogene na iya haifar da tantanin halitta yin haifuwa da sauri da yawa fiye da takwarorinsa na yau da kullun. Karin maye gurbi na iya haifar da asarar kwayar kuma za ta iya rushe hanyar siginar apoptosis da kuma dawwama tantanin halitta. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin injin siginar tantanin halitta na iya aika sigina masu haifar da kuskure zuwa sel na kusa. Juyawa tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa ciwon daji yana kama da tsarin sarkar da ke haifar da kurakurai na farko, wanda ke hadawa zuwa manyan kurakurai, kowane ci gaba yana barin tantanin halitta damar tserewa ƙarin sarrafawa waɗanda ke iyakance haɓakar nama na yau da kullun. Wannan labari mai kama da tawaye shine tsira da ba a so na mafi dacewa, inda karfin juyin halitta ke aiki da tsarin jiki da aiwatar da tsari. Da zarar ciwon daji ya fara tasowa, wannan tsari mai gudana, wanda ake kira juyin halitta na clonal, yana haifar da ci gaba zuwa matakai masu yawa.[91]. Juyin Halitta na Clonal yana haifar da intra-tumour heterogeneity (kwayoyin ciwon daji tare da maye gurbi daban-daban) wanda ke dagula ƙira ingantattun dabarun jiyya. Halayen iyawar halayen da cututtukan daji ke haɓaka sun kasu kashi-kashi, musamman ƙauracewa apoptosis, wadatar kai a cikin siginar girma, rashin jin daɗi ga siginar haɓaka girma, ci gaba da angiogenesis, yuwuwar kwafi mara iyaka, metastasis, sake fasalin kuzarin kuzari da gujewa lalatawar rigakafi.

== Epigenetics ==
[[File:Diagram Damage to Cancer Wiki 300dpi.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis]]
Epigenetics: Ciwon daji epigenetics Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis Ra'ayi na gargajiya game da ciwon daji wani nau'in cututtuka ne waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaba na rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka haɗa da maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari da oncogenes da rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal. Daga baya an gano rawar da aka samu na sauye-sauye na epigenetic.[92] Canje-canjen Epigenetic gyare-gyaren da suka dace da aiki zuwa ga kwayoyin halitta wadanda ba sa canza jerin nucleotide. Misalan irin wadannan gyare-gyare sune canje-canje a cikin DNA methylation (hypermethylation da hypomethylation), gyare-gyaren histone[93] da canje-canje a cikin gine-ginen chromosomal (wanda ya haifar da rashin dacewa na sunadaran kamar HMGA2 ko HMGA1).[94]. Kowane bayan waɗannan sauye-sauye yana sarrafa maganganun kwayoyin halitta ba tare da canza jerin DNA na asali ba. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya wanzuwa ta hanyar rarrabuwar sel, suna dawwama ga tsararraki masu yawa kuma ana iya daukar su azaman epimutation (daidai da maye gurbi). Canje-canje na Epigenetic yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin ciwon daji. Alal misali, binciken daya ya lissafa kwayoyin halittar sunadaran sunadaran da aka saba canzawa akai-akai a cikin methylation tare da ciwon daji na hanji. Wadannan sun hada da 147 hypermethylated da 27 hypomethylated genes. Daga cikin kwayoyin halittar hypermethylated, 10 sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin 100% na ciwon daji na hanji kuma wasu da yawa sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin fiye da 50% na ciwon daji na hanji.[95]. Yayin da ake samun sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin ciwon daji, sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA, yana haifar da raguwar maganganun sunadarai na gyaran DNA, na iya zama mahimmanci. Ana tsammanin irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna faruwa da wuri kafin su ci gaba zuwa cutar kansa kuma suna iya zama sanadin rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halittar cututtukan daji.[96][97][98] Rage bayanin kwayoyin halittar DNA na gyaran DNA yana rushe gyaran DNA. Ana nuna wannan a cikin adadi a mataki na 4 daga sama. (A cikin adadi, jajayen kalmomi suna nuna tsakiyar rawar lalacewar DNA da lahani a cikin gyaran DNA don ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji.) Lokacin da gyaran DNA ya gaza lalacewar DNA ya kasance a cikin sel a matakin sama fiye da yadda aka saba (mataki na 5) kuma yana haifar da kara yawan mitoci. maye gurbi da/ko epimutation (matakin 6). Adadin maye gurbi yana karuwa sosai a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba su da lahani a cikin gyare-gyaren rashin daidaituwa na DNA[99] [100] ko a cikin gyaran hadin gwiwa (HRR).[101] Sabuntawar chromosomal da aneuploidy suma suna karuwa a cikin sel marasa lahani na HRR.[102] Mafi girman matakan lalacewa na DNA yana haifar da karar maye gurbi (gefen siffa na dama) da kara kazanta. Yayin gyaran DNA ninki biyu karya, ko gyara wasu lalacewar DNA, wuraren gyara da ba su cika cika ba na iya haifar da shiru na kwayoyin halitta.[103][104] Rashin bayyanar sunadaran gyaran DNA saboda maye gurbi na iya kara hadarin kansa. Mutanen da ke da nakasar gada a cikin kowane nau'in halittar DNA na 34 (duba labarin DNA gyara-rashi cuta) sun haɓaka haɗarin kansa, tare da wasu lahani suna tabbatar da damar 100% na ciwon daji (misali p53 maye gurbi).[105]. An lura da maye gurbi na gyaran layin DNA a gefen hagu na adadi. Duk da haka, irin wannan maye gurbi (wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na ciwon daji) shine kawai ke haifar da kusan kashi 1 cikin dari na ciwon daji.[106] A cikin cututtukan daji na lokaci-lokaci, ƙarancin gyare-gyaren DNA na faruwa lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar DNA amma galibi ana haifar da su ta hanyar sauye-sauyen epigenetic wadanda ke rage ko yin shuru na maganganun kwayoyin halittar DNA. An nuna wannan a cikin adadi a matakin 3rd. Yawancin binciken da aka yi na carcinogenesis mai nauyin ƙarfe mai nauyi ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan ƙananan karafa suna haifar da raguwa a cikin maganganun gyaran enzymes na DNA, wasu ta hanyar hanyoyin epigenetic. An ba da shawarar hana gyaran DNA don zama babbar hanyar da ke haifar da cutar sankara mai nauyi. Bugu da kari, akai-akai sauye-sauye na epigenetic na lambar jerin DNA don kananan RNAs da ake kira microRNAs (ko miRNAs). miRNAs ba sa kididdige sunadaran sunadaran, amma suna iya “nufa” ƙwayoyin furotin-coded kuma su rage maganganunsu. Ciwon daji galibi suna tasowa ne daga tarin maye gurbi da kwankwasa waɗanda ke ba da fa'idar zabin da ke haifar da haɓaka clonal (duba lahani na ci gaba zuwa kansa). Maye gurbi, duk da haka, bazai zama akai-akai a cikin cututtukan daji kamar sauye-sauyen epigenetic ba. Matsakaicin ciwon daji na nono ko hanji yana iya samun sauye-sauyen furotin da kusan 60 zuwa 70, wanda kusan uku ko hudu na iya zama maye gurbin “direba” sauran kuma na iya zama maye gurbin “fasinja”

== Metastasi ==
Metastasis: Metastasis Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya daidaitawa.[35] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya karu.[36] Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Matakan al'ada a cikin metastasis sune mamayewa na gida, shiga cikin jini ko lymph, wurare dabam dabam ta jiki, haɓaka cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da angiogenesis. Nau'o'in ciwon daji daban-daban suna yin kazamin gabobin jikinsu, amma gabaɗaya wuraren da aka fi samun kazanta su ne huhu, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa da kasusuwa.[35]

== Metabolism ==
Tumor metabolome Kwayoyin al'ada yawanci suna haifar da kusan kashi 30% na makamashi daga glycolysis, [108] yayin da yawancin ciwon daji ke dogara ga glycolysis don samar da makamashi (Tasirin Warburg).[109][110] [111] Amma tsirarun nau'ikan ciwon daji sun dogara da phosphorylation oxidative a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko, gami da lymphoma, cutar sankarar bargo, da kansar endometrial.[112] Ko da a wadannan lokuta, duk da haka, amfani da glycolysis a matsayin tushen makamashi da wuya ya wuce 60%.[108] Wasu 'yan ciwon daji suna amfani da glutamine a matsayin babban tushen makamashi, wani bangare saboda yana samar da nitrogen da ake bukata don hadin nucleotide (DNA, RNA).[113][108]. Kwayoyin ciwon daji sukan yi amfani da oxidative phosphorylation ko glutamine a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko.[114] Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa enzyme sirtuin 6 an zabi wanda ba a kunna shi ba a lokacin oncogenesis a cikin nau'ikan ƙari iri-iri ta hanyar haifar da glycolysis.[111] Wani sirtuin, sirtuin 3 yana hana ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da glycolysis, amma yana inganta ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da oxidative phosphorylation.[115]. An ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai karancin carbohydrate (abinci na ketogenic) a wasu lokuta azaman maganin tallafi don maganin ciwon daji.

== Bincike ==

[[File:Thorax pa peripheres Bronchialcarcinom li OF markiert.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Chest [[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] showing lung cancer in the left lung]]

Bincike (Satumba 2021) aX-ray na kirji yana nuna kansar huhu a cikin huhu na hagu Yawancin ciwon daji ana gane su da farko ko dai saboda bayyanar alamu ko alamun cutar ko ta hanyar dubawa. Babu bayan wadannan da ke haifar da tabbataccen ganewar asali, wanda ke bugatar bincika samfurin nama ta hanyar likitan ilimin cututtuka. Ana bincikar mutanen da ake zargi da ciwon daji tare da gwaje-gwajen likita. Wadannan yawanci sun hada da gwaje-gwajen jini, X-rays, (contrast) CT scans da endoscopy. Binciken nama daga biopsy yana nuna nau'in tantanin halitta da ke yaduwa, darajar tarihinsa, rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta da sauran siffofi. Tare, wannan bayanin yana da amfani don kimanta tsinkaye da kuma zabar mafi kyawun magani. Cytogenetics da immunohistochemistry wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen nama ne. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da bayanai game da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta (kamar maye gurbi, kwayoyin halittar fusion da sauye-sauye na chromosome na lambobi) kuma yana iya nuna hasashen hasashen da mafi kyawun magani. Ciwon daji na iya haifar da damuwa na tunani da kuma shiga tsakani na zamantakewa, kamar maganin magana, na iya taimakawa mutane da wannan.[118]

== Rabewa ==
Karin bayani: Jerin nau'ikan ciwon daji da Jerin sharuddan da suka danganci oncology Ciwon daji ana rarraba su da nau'in tantanin halitta wanda kwayoyin tumor suke kama da shi don haka ana zaton shine asalin kwayar cuta. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun hada da: Carcinoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel epithelial. Wannan rukunin ya qunshi yawancin cututtukan daji da aka fi sani kuma sun haɗa da kusan duka waɗanda ke cikin nono, prostate, huhu, pancreas da hanji. Sarcoma: Ciwon daji da ke tasowa daga nama mai haɗawa (watau kashi, guringuntsi, mai, jijiya), kowannensu yana tasowa daga kwayoyin halitta da suka samo asali a cikin kwayoyin halitta a waje da kasusuwa. Lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo: Waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna tasowa ne daga ƙwayoyin hematopoietic (masu samar da jini) waɗanda ke barin bargo kuma sukan yi girma a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da jini, bi da bi.[119] Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel masu ƙarfi, galibi suna nunawa a cikin ƙwaya ko kwai (seminoma da dysgerminoma, bi da bi). Blastoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel &quot;precursor&quot; marasa girma ko nama na amfrayo. Ciwon daji yawanci ana kiransu ta hanyar amfani da -carcinoma, -sarcoma ko -blastoma a matsayin kari, tare da kalmar Latin ko Girkanci ga gabbai ko nama na asali a matsayin tushen. Misali, ciwon daji na parenchyma na hanta da ke tasowa daga sel epithelial masu cutarwa ana kiransa hepatocarcinoma, yayin da mummunan cutar da ke fitowa daga sel precursor na hanta ana kiransa hepatoblastoma kuma ciwon daji da ke fitowa daga kwayoyin kitse ana kiransa liposarcoma. Ga wasu cututtukan daji na yau da kullun, ana amfani da sunan gabobin Ingilishi. Misali, nau'in ciwon daji na nono da aka fi sani shine ake kira ductal carcinoma na nono. Anan, ductal na sifa yana nufin bayyanar cutar daji a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ke nuna cewa ya samo asali ne a cikin magudanar madara. Ciwon daji mara kyau (wadanda ba ciwon daji ba) ana kiran su ta amfani da -oma azaman kari tare da sunan gabobin a matsayin tushen. Alal misali, kwayar tsoka mai santsi ana kiranta leiomyoma (sunan gama gari na wannan kwayar cuta mai saurin faruwa a cikin mahaifa shine fibroid). Abin mamaki, wasu nau'in ciwon daji suna amfani da -noma suffix, misalai ciki har da melanoma da seminoma. Wasu nau'in ciwon daji ana kiran su don girma da siffar sel a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa, kamar giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma da kananan-cell carcinoma. Wani ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya. Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu. Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Breast cancer gross appearance.jpg|Wani mugun abu [[ductal carcinoma]] na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya.
File:Colon cancer 2.jpg|Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy
File:Lung cancer.jpg|Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu.
File:BreastCancer.jpg|Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rigakafi ==
Rigakafi Babban labarin: rigakafin ciwon daji An bayyana rigakafin cutar kansa azaman matakan aiki don rage hadarin kansa.[120] Mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda hadarin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli zabin salon rayuwa ne masu iya sarrafawa. Don haka, ciwon daji gabaɗaya ana iya rigakafinsa[121]. Tsakanin kashi 70% zuwa 90% na cututtukan daji na yau da kullun suna faruwa ne saboda abubuwan muhalli don haka ana iya yin rigakafi.[122] Fiye da kashi 30 cikin 100 na mace-macen cutar daji za a iya kiyaye su ta hanyar guje wa abubuwan haɗari da suka haɗa da: taba, kiba mai yawa, rashin abinci mara kyau, rashin motsa jiki, barasa, cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da gurɓataccen iska.[123] Bugu da ari, ana iya la'akari da talauci a matsayin wani abu mai hatsarin gaske a cikin cututtukan daji na ɗan adam.[124] Ba duk abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli ba ne ake iya sarrafa su ba, kamar abubuwan da ke faruwa ta zahiri da kuma ciwon daji da ke haifar da cututtukan gado na gado don haka ba a iya yin rigakafi ta hanyar halayen mutum.

== Abincin abinci ==
Abincin abinci da ciwon daji Yayin da aka ba da shawarwarin abinci da yawa don rage haɗarin ciwon daji, shaidar da za ta goyi bayan su ba ta tabbata ba.[14][125] Abubuwan abinci na farko waɗanda ke habaka hadari sune kiba da shan barasa. Abincin da ke da ƙarancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da jajayen nama suna da alaƙa da alaƙa amma sake dubawa da nazarin meta ba su kai ga daidaito ba.[126][127] Binciken meta-bincike na 2014 bai sami dangantaka tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da ciwon daji ba.[128] Kofi yana da alaƙa da raguwar haɗarin cutar kansar hanta.[129] Bincike ya danganta yawan shan ja ko naman da aka sarrafa da yawan kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ciwon hanji da kuma ciwon daji na pancreatic, al’amarin da zai iya kasancewa saboda kasancewar carcinogens a cikin naman da ake dafawa a yanayin zafi.[130][131] A cikin 2015 IARC ta ba da rahoton cewa cin nama da aka sarrafa (misali, naman alade, naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, tsiran alade) kuma, zuwa karamin digiri, jan nama yana da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan daji.[132][133]. Shawarwari na abinci don rigakafin ciwon daji yawanci sun haɗa da ba da fifiko ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi gabaɗaya da kifi da kuma nisantar sarrafa nama da jan nama (naman sa, naman alade, rago), kitsen dabbobi, abincin da aka ɗora da ingantaccen carbohydrates.

== Magani ==
Magani Ana iya amfani da magunguna don hana ciwon daji a wasu yanayi kaɗan[134]. A cikin yawan jama'a, NSAIDs suna rage hadarin ciwon daji na launi; duk da haka, saboda illar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da illa gaba daya idan aka yi amfani da su don rigakafi.[135] An gano aspirin yana rage hadarin mutuwa daga cutar kansa da kusan kashi 7%.[136] Masu hana COX-2 na iya rage yawan kwayar polyp a cikin mutanen da ke da polyposis adenomatous iyali; duk da haka, yana da alaka da illa iri ɗaya da NSAIDs.[137] Yin amfani da tamoxifen ko raloxifene kullum yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono a cikin mata masu haɗari.[138] Amfani da cutarwa ga 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor kamar finasteride bai bayyana ba.[139] Karancin bitamin ba ya bayyana yana da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji[140]. Yayin da ƙananan matakan bitamin D ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon daji, [141] [142] [143] ko wannan dangantakar tana da dalili kuma ƙarin bitamin D yana da kariya ba a ƙayyade ba.[144][145]. Ɗaya daga cikin bita na 2014 ya gano cewa kari ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hadarin ciwon daji.[145] Wani bita na 2014 ya kammala cewa bitamin D3 na iya rage hadarin mutuwa daga ciwon daji (kananan mutuwa a cikin mutane 150 da aka yi wa magani sama da shekaru 5), amma an lura da damuwa game da ingancin bayanan.[146] Beta-carotene yana kara yawan ciwon daji na huhu a cikin wadanda ke da haɗari.[147] Kariyar folic acid ba ta da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji na hanji kuma yana iya ƙara yawan polyps.[148] Ba a nuna ƙarin sinadarin selenium don rage haɗarin cutar kansa ba.[149]  

== Allurar Rigakafi ==
An samar da alluran rigakafin da ke hana kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta na carcinogenic.[150] Alurar rigakafin cutar papilloma na dan adam (Gardasil da Cervarix) suna rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar mahaifa.[150] Alurar rigakafin ciwon hanta na B na hana kamuwa da cutar hanta da kuma haka yana rage haɗarin ciwon hanta.[150] Ana ba da shawarar gudanar da rigakafin cutar papillomavirus da rigakafin hanta B a inda albarkatu suka ba da izini. 

== Nunawa ==
Nunawa Babban labarin: Binciken cutar daji Ba kamar yunƙurin gano cutar da alamu da alamun likita ke haifar da shi ba, gwajin cutar kansa ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin gano kansa bayan ya taso, amma kafin bayyanar cututtuka da ake iya gani.[152] Wannan yana iya haɗawa da gwajin jiki, gwajin jini ko fitsari ko hoton likita.[152] Ba a samun gwajin cutar kansa don nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Ko da gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa, kila ba za a ba su shawarar ga kowa ba. Nunawa ta duniya ko tantanin jama'a ya ƙunshi tantance kowa.[153] Zaɓen tantancewa yana gano mutanen da ke cikin hadari mafi girma, kamar mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali.[153] An yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa don tantance ko fa'idar tantancewar ta zarce kasada da kuma tsadar aikin tantancewar[152]. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da: Lalacewar da za a iya samu daga gwajin nunawa: alal misali, Hotunan X-ray sun haɗa da fallasa zuwa radiation ionizing mai illa. Yiwuwar gwajin gano cutar kansa daidai Yiwuwar ciwon daji ya kasance: Binciken ba ya da amfani ga ciwon daji da ba kasafai ba. Matsalolin da za a iya samu daga hanyoyin biyo baya Ko akwai maganin da ya dace Ko ganowa da wuri yana inganta sakamakon jiyya Ko ciwon daji zai taɓa buƙatar magani Ko gwajin ya kasance karbuwa ga mutane: Idan gwajin gwajin ya yi nauyi (misali, mai tsananin zafi), to mutane za su ki shiga.[153]

== Farashin Shawarwari ==
Rundunar Tsaro ta Amurka gungiyar kwararru ta Amurka (USPSTF) ta ba da shawarwari ga cututtuka daban-daban: Yana ba da shawarar auna cutar kansar mahaifa ga mata masu jima'i kuma suna da mahaifa aqalla har zuwa shekaru 65.[154]. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi wa Amirkawa gwajin cutar kansar launin fata ta hanyar gwajin jini na facal, sigmoidoscopy, ko colonoscopy farawa daga shekara 50 har zuwa shekara 75.[155]. Shaidu ba su isa ba don bayar da shawarar don ko hana gwajin cutar kansar fata, [156] ciwon daji na baka, [157] kansar huhu, [158] ko ciwon gurguwar prostate a cikin maza a karkashin 75.[159]. Ba a ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don ciwon daji na mafitsara, [160] kansar testicular, [161] cancer ovarian, [162] cancer pancreatic, [163] ko prostate cancer.[164] Yana ba da shawarar mammography don gwajin cutar kansar nono kowane shekara biyu daga shekaru 50-74, amma baya ba da shawarar ko dai a yi gwajin nono ko gwajin nono na asibiti.[165] Wani bita na Cochrane na 2013 ya kammala cewa gwajin cutar kansar nono ta hanyar mammography ba shi da wani tasiri wajen rage mace-mace saboda yawan bincike-bincike da wuce gona da iri. 

== Gwajin Kwayar Halitta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Gene
! Cancer types
|-
| [[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]]
| Breast, ovarian, pancreatic
|-
| [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC]], [[MLH1]], [[MSH2]], [[MSH6]], [[PMS1]], [[PMS2]]
| Colon, uterine, small bowel, stomach, urinary tract
|}
Gwajin kwayoyin halitta Duba kuma: Ciwon daji Nau'in Ciwon Kansa BRCA1, BRCA2 Nono, kwai, pancreatic HNPCC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 Colon, uterine, kananan hanji, ciki, urinary fili gungiyoyin da ba na hukuma ba suna ba da shawarar gwajin kwayoyin halitta ga mutane masu hadari na wasu cututtuka. Masu dauke da waɗannan maye gurbi na iya yin ingantacciyar sa ido, maganin rigakafi, ko tiyata don rage hadarinsu na gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid24176569&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=BRCA08&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Gulati AP, [[Susan Domchek|Domchek SM]] |s2cid=29630942 |title=The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers |journal=Current Oncology Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18366960 |doi=10.1007/s11912-008-0008-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=BRCA08/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
Gudanarwa: Gudanar da ciwon daji da ciwon daji Akwai zabubbukan magani da yawa don ciwon daji. Na farko sun hada da tiyata, chemotherapy, radiation far, hormonal far, niyya far da palliative kula. Wadanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su ya dogara da nau'in, wuri da matakin ciwon daji da kuma lafiyar majiyyaci da abubuwan da ake so. Manufar magani na iya ko ba ta zama magani ba. 

== Chemotherapy ==
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy shine maganin ciwon daji tare da daya ko fiye cytotoxic anti-neoplastic kwayoyi (chemotherapeutic agents) a matsayin wani bangare na daidaitaccen tsari. Kalmar ta kunshi magunguna iri-iri, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan kamar su alkylating agents da antimetabolites.[168] Magungunan chemotherapeutic na al'ada suna yin aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke rarraba cikin sauri, wani abu mai mahimmanci na yawancin kwayoyin kansa. An gano cewa samar da magungunan cytotoxic a hade ya fi magani guda; wani tsari da ake kira haɗin kai; wanda ke da fa'ida a cikin kididdigar rayuwa da martani ga ciwace-ciwacen daji da ci gaban cutar.[169] Wani bita na Cochrane ya kammala cewa hadin gwiwa ya fi tasiri don magance ciwon daji na nono. Koyaya, gabaɗaya ba tabbas ko haɗin chemotherapy yana haifar da ingantacciyar sakamako na lafiya, lokacin da aka yi la'akari da rayuwa da guba.[170] Maganin da aka yi niyya wani nau'i ne na chemotherapy wanda ke kaiwa takamaiman bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta tsakanin ciwon daji da kwayoyin al'ada. Magungunan da aka yi niyya na farko sun toshe kwayar mai karkar isrogen, yana hana ci gaban ciwon nono. Wani misali na yau da kullun shine nau'in inhibitors na Bcr-Abl, wadanda ake amfani da su don magance cutar sankarar bargo ta myelogenous (CML).[4] A halin yanzu, maganin da aka yi niyya ya wanzu ga yawancin nau'ikan ciwon daji na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon daji na mafitsara, kansar nono, kansar colorectal, ciwon koda, cutar sankarar bargo, kansar hanta, kansar huhu, lymphoma, kansar pancreatic, kansar prostate, kansar fata, da kansar thyroid kamar da sauran nau’in ciwon daji[171]. Amfanin chemotherapy ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da mataki. A hade tare da tiyata, chemotherapy ya tabbatar da amfani a cikin nau'in ciwon daji da suka hada da kansar nono, ciwon daji, ciwon daji na pancreatic, sarcoma osteogenic, ciwon daji na testicular, ciwon daji na ovarian da wasu cututtuka na huhu.[172]. Chemotherapy yana warkar da wasu cututtukan daji, kamar wasu cutar sankarar bargo, [173] [174] marasa tasiri a wasu ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, [175] da rashin buqata a wasu, kamar yawancin cututtukan fata marasa melanoma.[176]. Amfanin chemotherapy sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar guba zuwa wasu kyallen takarda a cikin jiki. Ko da chemotherapy bai ba da magani na dindindin ba, yana iya zama da amfani don rage alamun cututtuka kamar zafi ko rage girman kwayar kwayar cuta da ba ta iya aiki a cikin bege cewa tiyata zai yiwu a nan gaba. 

== Radiotion ==
Radiation Jiyya na radiation ya kunshi amfani da ionizing radiation a kokarin ko dai magani ko inganta alamun cututtuka. Yana aiki ta hanyar lalata DNA na nama mai ciwon daji, yana kashe shi. Don adana kyallen takarda na al'ada (kamar fata ko gabobin, wanda radiation dole ne ya wuce ta don magance ciwon daji), nau'ikan radiyo masu siffa suna nufin daga kusurwoyi masu yawa don shiga tsakani a cikin kwayar cuta, suna samar da kashi mafi girma a can fiye da kewaye, nama mai lafiya. . Kamar yadda yake tare da chemotherapy, ciwon daji ya bambanta a cikin martanin su ga maganin radiation.[177][178][179] Ana amfani da maganin radiation a kusan rabin lokuta. Radiation na iya zama ko dai daga tushen ciki (brachytherapy) ko waje na waje. Radiyon shine mafi yawan haskoki na X-ray marasa karfi don magance ciwon daji na fata, yayin da ake amfani da hasken X-ray mai karfi don ciwon daji a cikin jiki.[180] Radiation yawanci ana amfani dashi ban da tiyata da ko chemotherapy. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, kamar kansar farkon kai da wuyansa, ana iya amfani da shi kadai[181]. Don kashin kashi mai radadi, an gano yana da tasiri a kusan kashi 70% na marasa lafiya.[181] 

== Tiyata ==
Tiyata ita ce hanyar farko ta jiyya ga mafi yawan kebantacce, kwararrun cututtukan daji kuma maiyuwa suna taka rawa wajen daidaitawa da tsawaita rayuwa. Yawanci wani muhimmin sashi ne na tabbataccen ganewar asali da matakan ciwace-ciwacen daji, kamar yadda ake bukatar biopsies yawanci. A cikin ciwon daji na gida, tiyata yawanci yana kokari ya cire gaba daya taro tare da, a wasu lokuta, kwayoyin lymph a yankin. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji wannan ya isa ya kawar da cutar kansa[172].

== Kulawar Jin Dadi ==
Kulawar jin dadi Kulawa da jin dadi magani ne wanda ke kokarin taimaka wa majiyyaci jin daɗi kuma ana iya hada shi tare da kokarin magance cutar kansa. Kulawa da jin dadi ya hada da aiki don rage damuwa ta jiki, tunani, ruhi da damuwa na zamantakewa. Ba kamar jiyya da ke nufin kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye ba, babban burin kula da jin dadi shine haɓaka ingancin rayuwa. Mutane a kowane mataki na maganin ciwon daji yawanci suna samun wani nau'i na kulawa. A wasu lokuta, gungiyoyin kwararrun likita suna ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya da likitoci su amsa cutar kansa kawai tare da kulawar jin dadi.[182] Wannan ya shafi marasa lafiya wadanda: [183] suna nuna karancin aiki, yana nuna iyakacin ikon kula da kansu[182]

1. bai sami fa'ida daga jiyya na tushen shaida ba

2. ba su cancanci shiga kowane gwaji na asibiti da ya dace ba

3. babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa magani zai yi tasiri.

Kulawar jin dadi na iya rikicewa tare da asibiti don haka ana nunawa ne kawai lokacin da mutane suka kusanci karshen rayuwa. Kamar kulawar asibiti, kulawar jinya yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa majiyyaci su jimre da buƙatun su na gaggawa kuma don haɓaka ta'aziyya. Ba kamar kulawar asibiti ba, kulawar kwantar da hankali baya bukatar mutane su daina jiyya da ke nufin cutar kansa. Jagororin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da yawa sun ba da shawarar kulawa da wuri na gaggawa ga marasa lafiya wadanda ciwon daji ke haifar da alamun damuwa ko waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako don jure rashin lafiyarsu. A cikin marasa lafiya da aka fara gano cutar ta metastatic, ana iya ba da kulawa ta gaggawa nan da nan. Ana nuna kulawar jin daɗi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da tsinkayar ƙasa da watanni 12 na rayuwa har ma an ba su magani mai tsauri.

== Immunotherapy ==
Ciwon daji immunotherapy An fara amfani da nau'o'in hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ta hanyar amfani da immunotherapy, karfafawa ko taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji, tun daga 1997. Hanyoyi sun haɗa da kwayoyin rigakafi, maganin bincike, da kuma canja wurin kwayar halitta.[187]. 

== Maganin Laser ==
Maganin Laser: Laser a cikin maganin kansa Laser farfesa Laser yana amfani da haske mai karfi don magance ciwon daji ta raguwa ko lalata ciwace-ciwacen daji ko ci gaba mai saurin kamuwa. An fi amfani da Laser don magance ciwon daji na sama wanda ke saman jiki ko kuma murfin gabobin ciki. Ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji na fata na basal cell da farkon matakan wasu kamar su mahaifa, azzakari, farji, vulvar, da kuma ciwon huhu mara karami. Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi tare da wasu jiyya, kamar tiyata, chemotherapy, ko radiation far. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), ko interstitial Laser photocoagulation, yana amfani da Laser don magance wasu cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da hyperthermia, wanda ke amfani da zafi don rage ciwace-ciwacen kwayoyi ta hanyar lalacewa ko kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Laser sun fi dacewa fiye da tiyata kuma suna haifar da karancin lalacewa, zafi, zubar jini, kumburi, da tabo. Rashin lahani shine dole ne likitocin fida su sami horo na musamman. Yana iya zama mafi tsada fiye da sauran magunguna[188].

== Madadin Magunguna ==
Madadin Magungunan karfafawa da madadin maganin cutar kansa rukuni ne daban-daban na jiyya, ayyuka da samfurori waɗanda ba sa cikin magungunan al'ada.[189] “Maganin Ƙarfafawa” yana nufin hanyoyi da abubuwan da ake amfani da su tare da magungunan gargajiya, yayin da “maganin madadin” yana nufin mahadi da ake amfani da su maimakon magungunan gargajiya[190]. Yawancin magungunan da ke da alaqa da ciwon daji ba a yi nazari ko gwada su ta amfani da dabaru na al'ada kamar gwajin asibiti ba. An bincika wasu madadin jiyya kuma an nuna ba su da tasiri amma har yanzu ana ci gaba da tallata su da hadakawa. Wani mai bincike kan cutar daji Andrew J. Vickers ya bayyana cewa, &quot;Lakabin 'wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba' bai dace da irin waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba; lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da cewa yawancin hanyoyin maganin ciwon daji an 'bata'.

== Hasashen Dubi ==
[[File:Three measures of cancer mortality, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Matakan uku na mutuwar ciwon daji na duniya daga 1990 to 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Three measures of cancer mortality |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cancer-deaths-rate-and-age-standardized-rate-index |website=Our World in Data |access-date=7 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Hasashen Dubi kuma: Yawan tsira da cutar daji, Jerin adadin mace-macen cutar kansa a Amurka, da masu tsira da ciwon daji Matakai uku na mace-macen cutar kansa ta duniya daga 1990 zuwa 2017[192] Yawan tsira ya bambanta da nau'in ciwon daji da kuma matakin da aka gano shi, kama daga rayuwa mai yawa zuwa cikar mace-mace shekaru biyar bayan ganewar asali. Da zarar ciwon daji ya sami metastasized, tsinkaya yakan zama mafi muni. Kimanin rabin marasa lafiya da ke samun maganin ciwon daji (ban da carcinoma a wuri da kuma ciwon daji na fata wanda ba melanoma ba) suna mutuwa daga wannan ciwon daji ko maganinsa.[23] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ƙazamin kwayar cuta ta farko.[193] Rayuwa ya fi muni a kasashe masu tasowa, [23] wani bangare saboda nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a can yana da wuyar magani fiye da wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.[194] Wadanda suka tsira daga cutar kansa suna kamuwa da kansar farko na biyu da kusan ninki biyu na wadanda ba a gano su ba.[195] An yi imanin cewa haɓakar hadarin ya kasance saboda bazuwar damar haɓaka kowane ciwon daji, yuwuwar tsira daga cutar kansa ta farko, abubuwan haɗari iri ɗaya waɗanda suka haifar da cutar kansa ta farko, illolin da ba'a so na magance cutar kansa ta farko (musamman magungunan radiation), da kuma mafi kyawun yarda da nunawa.[195]. Hasashen tsira na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Mafi mahimmanci sune nau'in ciwon daji da shekarun majiyyaci da lafiyar jiki gaba daya. Wadanda ke da rauni tare da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna da karancin rayuwa fiye da sauran mutane masu lafiya. Ba zai yi yuwuwa masu shekaru dari ba su rayu har tsawon shekaru biyar ko da an sami nasarar jiyya. Mutanen da suka ba da rahoton ingancin rayuwa suna dade da rayuwa.[196] Mutanen da ke da karancin ingancin rayuwa na iya shafar bakin ciki da sauran rikice-rikice da / ko ci gaban cuta waɗanda duka biyun suna lalata inganci da adadin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya da ke da mummunan tsinkaya na iya zama cikin bakin ciki ko kuma ba da rahoton rashin ingancin rayuwa saboda sun fahimci cewa yanayin su na iya zama m. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna da haɗarin toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyinsu wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwa.[197] Yin amfani da magungunan kashe jini irin su heparin yana rage hadarin daskarewar jini amma ba a nuna cewa yana ƙara rayuwa ga masu ciwon daji ba.[197] Mutanen da ke shan magungunan kashe jini su ma suna da hadarin zubar jini.[197] Ko da yake yana da wuyar gaske, wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, ko da daga matakin ci gaba, na iya warkewa nan da nan. Wannan al’amari ana kiransa da gafara ba tare da bata lokaci ba.[198].

== Epidemiology ==
Epidemiology: Ilimin cututtukan daji na cutar kansa Duba kuma: Jerin kasashe ta adadin kansa Duba ko gyara bayanan tushe. Adadin mace-mace masu shekaru daga cutar kansa a cikin mutane 10,000.[199] An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2018, mutane miliyan 18.1 sun kamu da cutar kansa da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 9.6 a duniya.[200] Kimanin kashi 20% na maza da 17% na mata za su kamu da cutar kansa a wani lokaci yayin da kashi 13% na maza da kashi 9% na mata za su mutu daga gare ta.[200] A cikin 2008, an gano kimanin mutane miliyan 12.7 na ciwon daji (ban da ciwon daji na fata da ba na melanoma ba da sauran cututtukan da ba sa cutarwa) [23] kuma a cikin 2010 kusan mutane miliyan 7.98 sun mutu.[201]. Ciwon daji na kusan kashi 16% na mace-mace. Mafi yawan kamar na 2018 sune ciwon huhu (mutuwar miliyan 1.76), ciwon daji na launi (860,000) ciwon ciki (780,000), ciwon hanta (780,000), da ciwon nono (620,000).[2]. Wannan ya sanya cutar sankara ta zama babban sanadin mutuwar mutane a kasashen da suka ci gaba kuma na biyu a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.[23] Fiye da rabin lokuta suna faruwa a duniya masu tasowa.[23] Mutuwar cutar kansa ya kai miliyan 5.8 a 1990.[201] Mutuwar tana karuwa da farko saboda tsawon rayuwa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa[23]. Babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa shine shekaru.[202] Ko da yake yana yiwuwa ciwon daji ya buge kowane shekaru, yawancin masu fama da ciwon daji sun haura 65.[202] A cewar Robert A. Weinberg, mai binciken ciwon daji, &quot;Idan mun rayu tsawon lokaci, ba dade ko ba dade dukanmu za mu kamu da ciwon daji.&quot; tsawon rayuwa[205] da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a cikin tsarin endocrine.[206] Tasirin tsufa akan kansa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwa kamar lalacewar DNA da kumburi da ke inganta shi da abubuwan kamar tsufa na jijiyoyin jini da canje-canjen endocrin da ke hana shi.[207]. Wasu cututtukan daji masu saurin girma suna da yawa musamman, amma galibi ba sa mutuwa. Nazarin autopsy a Turai da Asiya ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 36 cikin 100 na mutane ba a gano su ba kuma a fili ba su da cutar kansar thyroid a lokacin mutuwarsu kuma kashi 80% na maza suna kamuwa da kansar prostate ta hanyar shekaru 80.[208][209]. Kamar yadda wadannan cututtukan daji ba su haifar da mutuwar majiyyaci ba, gano su da zai wakilci cutar fiye da kima maimakon kulawar likita. Ciwon daji guda uku da aka fi sani da yara sune cutar sankarar bargo (34%), ciwan kwakwalwa (23%) da lymphomas (12%).[210]. A Amurka ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin yara 285.[211] Adadin ciwon daji na yara ya karu da kashi 0.6% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1975 zuwa 2002 a Amurka[212] da 1.1% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1978 da 1997 a Turai.[210] Mutuwar cutar kansar yara ta ragu da rabi tsakanin 1975 da 2010 a Amurka.[211]

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Clara Jacobi-Tumor.jpg|thumb|left|Zane tare da ra'ayoyi biyu na wata mata 'yar kasar Holland wacce aka cire mata wani kumburi daga wuyanta a ciki  1689]]
Tarihi: Tarihin ciwon daji Yin zane tare da ra'ayoyi guda biyu na wata mace ta Holland wadda aka cire mata ciwon daji daga wuyanta a 1689 Ciwon daji ya wanzu ga dukan tarihin ɗan adam.[213]. Rubuce-rubuce na farko game da cutar kansa daga kusan 1600 BC a cikin littafin Edwin Smith Papyrus na Masar kuma ya bayyana kansar nono.[213] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) ya bayyana nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, yana nufin su da kalmar Helenanci καρκίνος karkinos (kaguwa ko crayfish).[213]. Wannan suna ya zo ne daga bayyanar da aka yanke na wani kakkauran ciwon daji, tare da “jiyoyin da suka miqe ta kowane bangare kamar yadda dabbar kaguwa ke da kafafunta, daga nan ne aka samo sunanta”[214]. Galen ya bayyana cewa &quot;ana kiran ciwon daji na nono ne saboda kamannin kamanni da kaguwa da aka yi ta hanyar tsawaitawar ciwace-ciwacen daji da jijiyoyin da ke kusa da su&quot;.[215]: 738  Celsus (c. 25 BC – 50 AD) da aka fassara. karkinos zuwa cikin Latin kansa, kuma yana nufin kaguwa da shawarar tiyata a matsayin magani.[213]. Galen (karni na biyu AD) bai yarda da yin amfani da tiyata ba kuma ya ba da shawarar abin da ake amfani da shi a maimakon haka[213]. Wadannan shawarwarin sun tsaya tsayin daka tsawon shekaru 1000.[213] A karni na 15, 16, da 17, ya zama karbuwa ga likitoci su rarraba gawarwaki don gano musabbabin mutuwar.[216] Farfesan nan dan kasar Jamus Wilhelm Fabry ya yi imanin cewa ciwon nono na faruwa ne sakamakon wani gudanwar madara a cikin bututun mama. Farfesa dan kasar Holland Francois de la Boe Sylvius, mabiyin Descartes, ya yi imanin cewa dukkanin cututtuka sune sakamakon hanyoyin sinadarai kuma ruwan lemun tsami na acidic shine dalilin ciwon daji. Nicolaes Tulp na zamaninsa ya yi imanin cewa ciwon daji guba ne da ke yaduwa a hankali kuma ya kammala cewa yana yaduwa.[217] Likitan John Hill ya bayyana shakar taba a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar hanci a shekarar 1761.[216] Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton a shekara ta 1775 na wani likitan fida dan kasar Biritaniya Percivall Pott cewa chimney yana shafan cutar sankarau, ciwon daji na kwankwasa, cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare tsakanin sharar bututun hayaƙi.[218]. Tare da yaduwar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa a cikin karni na 18, an gano cewa 'dafin ciwon daji' ya yadu daga ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta cikin ƙwayoyin lymph zuwa wasu shafuka (&quot;metastasis&quot;). Wani likitan fiɗa na Ingila Campbell De Morgan ne ya fara tsara wannan ra'ayi na cutar tsakanin 1871 da 1874.

== Al'umma Da Al'adu ==
Al'umma da al'adu Duk da cewa cututtuka da yawa (kamar gazawar zuciya) na iya samun hasashen mafi muni fiye da mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji, ciwon daji shine batun tsoro da fargaba. Har ila yau ana amfani da lafazin “kananan rashin lafiya” na bayyana ciwon daji da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin tarihin mutuwa, maimakon sanya sunan cutar a sarari, yana nuna wani abin kunya da ya bayyana.[220] Har ila yau, ciwon daji ana kiransa &quot;kalmar C&quot;;[221] [222] [223] Macmillan Cancer Support yana amfani da kalmar don kokarin rage tsoro game da cutar.[224]. A Najeriya, wani sunan gida na kansa da ake fassarawa zuwa Turanci zuwa “cutar da ba za a iya warkewa ba”[225]. Wannan imani mai zurfi cewa ciwon daji dole ne mai wuyar gaske kuma yawanci cuta mai kisa yana nunawa a cikin tsarin da al'umma suka zaba don tattara kididdigar ciwon daji: mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji-wanda ba melanoma ba, yana lissafin kusan kashi daya bisa uku na cututtukan daji a duniya, amma kadan kaɗan ne ke mutuwa[226][227]—ba a kebe su daga kididdigar ciwon daji musamman saboda ana samun saukin bi da su kuma kusan koyaushe ana warkar da su, sau da yawa a cikin hanya ɗaya, gajeriyar hanya.[228]. Tunanin yammacin duniya game da haƙƙin marasa lafiya ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa sun haɗa da alhakin bayyana cikakken yanayin lafiyar mutum, da hakkin shiga cikin yanke shawara tare ta hanyar mutunta kimar mutum. A wasu al'adu, an fi son sauran hakkoki da ƙima. Misali, yawancin al'adun Afirka suna daraja iyalai gaba daya maimakon dabi'a. A wasu sassa na Afirka, an fi sanin cutar da a makara ta yadda ba za a iya samun magani ba, kuma idan ana samun magani, za ta yi saurin ruguza iyali. A sakamakon wadannan dalilai, masu ba da kiwon lafiya na Afirka sukan bar 'yan uwa su yanke shawara ko, lokacin da kuma yadda za a bayyana cutar, kuma suna yin hakan sannu a hankali da da'ira, yayin da mutum ya nuna sha'awa da kuma ikon jure wa mummunan labari. [225] Mutane daga kasashen Asiya da Kudancin Amurka suma sun fi son a hankali, rashin gaskiya wajen bayyanawa fiye da yadda aka tsara a Amurka da Yammacin Turai, kuma sun yi imanin cewa wani lokaci zai fi kyau kada a ba da labarin cutar sankara.[225] ] Gabadaya, bayyana cutar ta ya fi yawa fiye da yadda ake yi a karni na 20, amma ba a ba da cikakken bayanin hasashen ba ga yawancin marasa lafiya a duniya.[225] A Amurka da wasu al'adu, ana daukar cutar kansa a matsayin cuta da dole ne a &quot;yaki&quot; don kawo karshen &quot;tashe-tashen hankula&quot;; An ayyana Yaƙi akan Ciwon daji a Amurka. Misalai na soja sun zama ruwan dare musamman a cikin kwatancin illolin cutar kansa, kuma suna jaddada yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci da kuma buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa da kansa maimakon jinkirtawa, yin watsi ko dogara gaba ɗaya ga wasu. Ƙididdigar soja kuma suna taimakawa wajen tantance tsattsauran ra'ayi, magunguna masu lalata.[229][230] A cikin 1970s, wani sanannen madadin maganin ciwon daji a Amurka wani nau'i ne na maganin magana na musamman, bisa ra'ayin cewa mummunan hali ne ke haifar da kansa.[231] Mutanen da ke da &quot;ɗabi'ar ciwon daji&quot;-masu bakin ciki, dannewa, ƙiyayya da kuma tsoron bayyana motsin zuciyar su-an yi imani da cewa sun bayyana kansa ta hanyar sha'awar tunani. Wasu masu ilimin halayyar dan adam sun ce maganin da zai canza tunanin majiyyaci game da rayuwa zai magance cutar kansa[231]. Daga cikin illolin, wannan imani ya baiwa al'umma damar zargin wanda aka azabtar da shi da ya haddasa cutar daji (ta hanyar &quot;son&quot; ta) ko hana maganinta (ta rashin zama cikakkiyar farin ciki, marar tsoro da ƙauna).[232]. Hakanan yana kara damuwa ga marasa lafiya, yayin da suka yi imani da kuskure cewa motsin rai na bakin ciki, fushi ko tsoro yana rage rayuwarsu.[232] Susan Sontag ta yi wa ra’ayin ba’a, wadda ta buga Illness as Metaphor yayin da take murmurewa daga maganin cutar kansar nono a 1978.[231]. Ko da yake ainihin ra'ayin yanzu gabaɗaya ana daukarsa azaman banza, ra'ayin wani kan pe

== Tasirin Tattalin Arziki ==
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki Jimillar kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya kan cutar daji a Amurka an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 80.2 a shekarar 2015.[234] Ko da yake kashe kudin kula da lafiya da ke da alaqa ya karu da cikakkiyar ma'ana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rabon kuɗin kiwon lafiya da aka keɓe don maganin cutar kansa ya kasance kusa da 5% tsakanin 1960s da 2004.[235][236]. An yi irin wannan tsari a Turai inda kusan kashi 6% na duk abin da ake kashewa na kula da lafiya ana kashewa wajen maganin ciwon daji[237][238]. Baya ga kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya da guba na kudi, ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi kai tsaye ta hanyar asarar yawan aiki saboda kwanakin rashin lafiya, rashin karfi na dindindin da nakasa gami da mutuwa da wuri a lokacin aiki. Ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi don kulawa na yau da kullun. Farashin kai tsaye da kuma farashin kulawa na yau da kullun ana kiyasta zai wuce ko daidai da kudin kula da lafiya na kansa.[239][238] 

== Wurin Aiki ==
an hada ciwon daji a matsayin yanayin kariya ta Hukumar Daidaita Ayyukan Aiki (EEOC), musamman saboda yuwuwar cutar kansa da ke da tasirin wariya ga ma'aikata.[240] Wariya a wurin aiki na iya faruwa idan mai aiki ya yi imanin karya cewa mai ciwon daji ba zai iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata ba, kuma yana iya neman ƙarin izinin rashin lafiya fiye da sauran ma'aikata. Har ila yau, masu ɗaukan ma'aikata na iya yin yanke shawara na haya ko kora bisa rashin fahimta game da nakasa ciwon daji, idan akwai. EEOC yana ba da jagororin tambayoyi ga masu daukar aiki, da kuma jerin abubuwan da za a iya magance su don tantancewa da saukar ma'aikatan da ke fama da cutar kansa.[240]

== Bincike ==
[[File:UF_CancerHospital.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[University of Florida Cancer Hospital]]]]
Bincike: Jami'ar Binciken Ciwon daji na Asibitin Cancer na Florida Domin ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka, [241][242] da wuya a sami &quot;maganin ciwon daji&quot; fiye da yadda za a sami magani guda daya don dukkan cututtuka masu yaduwa.[243] An tada tunanin masu hana Angiogenesis ba daidai ba suna da yuwuwar a matsayin maganin &quot;harsashi na azurfa&quot; da ke dacewa da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa.[244] Ana amfani da masu hana Angiogenesis da sauran magungunan ciwon daji a hade don rage cutar kansa da mace-mace.[245]. Ana nazarin magungunan ciwon daji na gwaji a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don kwatanta maganin da aka tsara zuwa mafi kyawun magani. Ana iya gwada magungunan da suka yi nasara a nau'in ciwon daji guda ɗaya da sauran nau'ikan.[246] Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike don inganta ingantattun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga majiyyatan da suka dace, dangane da ilimin halittarsu daya[247]. Binciken ciwon daji yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa masu zuwa: Ma'aikata (misali kwayoyin cuta) da abubuwan da suka faru (misali maye gurbi) wadanda ke haifar ko saukake canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka kaddara su zama ciwon daji. Madaidaicin yanayin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halittar da ya shafa. Sakamakon wadancan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta akan ilimin halitta na tantanin halitta, duka a cikin samar da ma'anar kaddarorin kwayar cutar kansa da kuma saukake ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar kansa. Ingantacciyar fahimtar ilmin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta saboda binciken cutar kansa ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa tun lokacin da shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya ayyana &quot;Yakin Ciwon daji&quot; a 1971. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasar ta kashe sama da dala biliyan 200 kan binciken cutar kansa, ciki har da albarkatu daga sassa na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu[248]. Adadin mutuwar ciwon daji (daidaita girman da shekarun yawan jama'a) ya ragu da kashi biyar tsakanin 1950 zuwa 2005.[249] Gasar don albarkatun kudi da alama ta danne kirkira, hadin gwiwa, hadarin hadari da tunanin asali da ake bukata don yin bincike na asali, ba tare da kin yarda da bincike mai karancin hadari cikin kananan hadaka havakawa sama da hadari, karin ingantaccen bincike. Sauran sakamakon gasa da alama karatu ne da yawa tare da ikirari masu ban mamaki waɗanda ba za a iya maimaita sakamakon su ba da kuma karkatattun abubuwan karfafawa wadanda ke karfafa cibiyoyin bayar da tallafi don hadaka ba tare da yin isassun jari a cikin ikonsu da wuraren aikinsu ba.[250][251][252][253] Virotherapy, wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana nazarin. Sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19, an sami damuwa cewa bincike da jiyya na cutar daji suna raguwa.[254][255]

== Juna Biyu ==
Ciwon daji na Ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin 1,000 mata masu juna biyu. Mafi yawan ciwon daji da ake samu a lokacin daukar ciki iri daya ne da na ciwon daji da ake samu a cikin mata marasa ciki a lokacin haihuwa: kansar nono, kansar mahaifa, cutar sankarar mahaifa, lymphoma, melanoma, kansar kwai da kuma ciwon daji[256]. Gano sabon ciwon daji a cikin mace mai ciki yana da wahala, a wani bangare saboda duk wani alamun da aka saba dauka a matsayin rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullun da ke da alaqa da ciki. A sakamakon haka, ciwon daji yawanci ana gano shi a wani dan lokaci kadan fiye da matsakaici. Wasu hanyoyin hoto, irin su MRIs (hoton maganadisu na maganadisu), CT scans, duban dan tayi da mammograms tare da garkuwar tayin ana daukar lafiya yayin daukar ciki; wasu kamar su PET scans, ba su kasance ba.[256] Magani gabaɗaya iri daya ne da na mata marasa ciki. Duk da haka, ana guje wa radiation da magungunan rediyo yayin daukar ciki, musamman idan adadin tayin zai iya wuce 100 cGy. A wasu lokuta, ana jinkirta wasu ko duka jiyya har sai bayan haihuwa idan an gano ciwon daji a karshen ciki. Ana amfani da bayarwa da wuri don ciyar da farkon jiyya. Tiyata gabadaya ba ta da lafiya, amma tiyatar kashin gugu a farkon watanni uku na iya haifar da zubar da ciki. Wasu jiyya, musamman wasu magungunan chemotherapy da aka bayar yayin datsa na farko

== Sauran Dabbobi ==
Likitan dabbobi, wanda ya fi maida hankali kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, kwarewa ce mai girma a cikin kasashe masu arziki kuma ana iya ba da manyan nau'ikan jiyya na dan adam kamar tiyata da rediyo. Mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwon daji sun bambanta, amma nauyin kansar yana da alama aqalla yana da girma a cikin dabbobi kamar na mutane. Dabbobi, yawanci rodents, galibi ana amfani da su wajen bincike kan cutar kansa kuma nazarin cututtukan daji a cikin manyan dabbobi na iya amfanar bincike kan kansar ɗan adam.[257] A cikin wadanda ba mutane ba, an bayyana wasu nau'o'in ciwon daji masu yaduwa, inda ciwon daji ke yaduwa tsakanin dabbobi ta hanyar watsa kwayoyin ciwon daji da kansu. Ana ganin wannan al'amari a cikin karnuka masu ciwon sarcoma na Sticker (wanda kuma aka sani da canine transmissible venereal tumor), da kuma shaidanun Tasmania masu fama da ciwon fuska na shaidan (DFTD).

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Cigaba da karatu ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bast |first1=Robert C. |last2=Croe |first2=Carlo M. |last3=Hait |first3=William N. |last4=Hong |first4=Waun Ki |last5=Kufe |first5=Donald W. |last6=Piccart-Gebhart |first6=Martine |last7=Pollock |first7=Raphael E. |last8=Weichselbaum |first8=Ralph R. |last9=Yang |first9=Hongwang |last10=Holland |first10=James F. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=onCBjwEACAAJ}} |year=2016 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-93469-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Kleinsmith |first=Lewis J. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Principles of cancer biology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LKVrAAAAMAAJ}}|year=2006|publisher=Pearson Benjamin Cummings|isbn=978-0-8053-4003-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Siddhartha |author-link=Siddhartha Mukherjee |title=The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer |year=2010 |publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-0795-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/emperorofallmala00mukh |access-date=7 August 2013 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Pazdur | first1 = Richard | last2 = Camphausen | first2 = Kevin A. | last3 = Wagman | first3 = Lawrence D. | last4 = Hoskins | first4 = William J.| name-list-style = vanc |title=Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach | year=2009 | publisher = Cmp United Business Media | isbn = 978-1-891483-62-2 | url = http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515031918/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-date = 15 May 2009 | id = {{google books |id=wbLnPAAACAAJ}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Schwab |first=Manfred | name-list-style = vanc |title=Encyclopedia of Cancer |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=mLUEf1kbbDgC}}|year= 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-36847-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Tannock |first=Ian | name-list-style = vanc |title=The basic science of oncology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Bb4F4pj2BdYC}}|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-138774-3}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Cutar daji]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Secondary tumor deposits in the liver from a primary cancer of the pancreas.jpg|thumb|Ciwon daji]]
[[Fayil:Sri Sankara TV Logo.png|thumb|sankara]]
'''Ciwon Daji''' rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke tattare da hadakar kwayoyin halitta ''(cell)'' mara kyau, tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer&quot;. ''World Health Organization''. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=28 March 2018|date=17 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan sun bambanta da ciwace-ciwacen daji, wanda ba su yaduwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; Alamun cutar ya hada da dungulewa, zub da jini mara kyau, tari mai tsawo, rama da canji a cikin [[Bahaya|motsin hanji]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer – Signs and symptoms&quot;. ''NHS Choices''. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wadannan cuwuka suna iya nuna akamun ciwon daji, suna iya wani cutan na daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Akwai sama da [[Jerin Nau'ikan Ciwon Daji|nau'ikan ciwukan daji guda 100]] da ke shafar mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; 

[[Shan taba]] shine Kuma sanadin kusan kashi 22% na mace-mace ta hanyar cutar daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2014-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608104550/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/cancer/Pages/symptoms.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran kashi 10% kuma yana faruwa ne saboda kiba, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, rashin motsa jiki ko yawan shan barasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Obesity and Cancer Risk|url=http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=4 July 2015|date=3 January 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704154440/http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|archive-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Jayasekara H, MacInnis RJ, Room R, English DR|title=Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Breast, Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism|volume=51|issue=3|pages=315–30|date=May 2016|pmid=26400678|doi=10.1093/alcalc/agv110|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan sun hada da wasu cututtuka, da fallasa hasken ionizing, da gurbataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kashi 15 cikin 100 na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda cututtuka irin su ''Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human papillomavirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus da Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ciwon huhu]]&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan abubuwan suna aiki, akalla, ta hanyar canza kwayoyin halittar tantanin halitta. Yawanci, ana bukatar yawan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta kafin ciwon daji ya taso. Kusan kashi 5-10% na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda illar gado. Ana kuma iya gano cutar sankara ta wasu alamu da alamomi ko gwaje-gwajen tantancewa. Sa'an nan yawanci ana cigaba da bincike ta hanyar hoton asibiti kuma ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ''biopsy''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=How is cancer diagnosed?|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|website=American Cancer Society|date=29 January 2013|access-date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120018/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|archive-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ana iya rage hadarin habakar wasu cututtukan daji ta hanyar rashin shan taba, kiyaye lafiyar kiba, iyakance yawan shan barasa, yawan cin [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]], [[dan'ice|'ya'yan itatuwa]], da cin sitaci,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mathers|first1=John C.|last2=CAPP 2 investigators|title=Cancer prevention with resistant starch in Lynch Syndrome patients in the CAPP2-randomized placebo controlled trial: planned 10-year follow-up|journal=Cancer Prevention Journal|date=1 September 2022|volume=15|issue=9|pages=623–634|doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044|pmid=35878732|pmc=9433960|url=https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-13|title=Cancer Symptoms: THESE symptoms are common in 5 types of cancers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/these-symptoms-are-common-in-5-types-of-cancers/photostory/96194648.cms|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; da dukan hatsi, [[Alluran rigakafi|rigakafi]] da wasu cututtuka masu yaduwa, iyakance cin nama da aka sarrafa da jan name, da iyakance yawan shiga hasken rana kai tsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kushi2012&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T|s2cid=2067308|title=American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ca-a-cancer-journal-for-clinicians_january-february-2012_62_1/page/30|journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians|volume=62|issue=1|pages=30–67|year=2012|pmid=22237782|doi=10.3322/caac.20140|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC|title=16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010|journal=British Journal of Cancer|volume=105|issue=Suppl 2|pages=S77–81|date=December 2011|pmid=22158327|pmc=3252065|doi=10.1038/bjc.2011.489}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gano cutar da wuri ta hanyar dubawa yana da amfani ga [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]] na mahaifa da na launi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WCR2014Scr&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|url=http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|pages=Chapter 4.7|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|archive-date=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai sabani dangane da muhammancin gwajin cutar sankarar nono.&lt;ref name=&quot;Got2013&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ|title=Screening for breast cancer with mammography|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2013|issue=6|pages=CD001877|date=June 2013|pmid=23737396|pmc=6464778|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin lokaci ana bi da kansa tare da wasu hadewar maganin ''radiation'', tiyata, ''chemotherapy'' da maganin da aka yi niyya . Radadi da kulawa da alamu sune muhimmin sashi na kulawa. Kulawa da jin dadi yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da cigaba.  Damar tsira ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da girman cutar a farkon jiyya.  A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 a lokacin ganewar asali, adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar a cikin duniya da suka cigaba yana kan matsakaicin 80%.  Ga ciwon daji a Amurka, matsakaicin adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar shine 66%. 

A cikin shekara ta 
2015, kusan mutane miliyan 90.5 sun kamu da cutar kansa.  Ya zuwa 2019, kusan sabbin maganganu miliyan 18 na faruwa a shekara.  A kowace shekara, ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane miliyan 8.8 (15.7% na mace-mace ).  Mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji a cikin maza sune [[Ciwon huhun daji|ciwon huhu]], [[Ciwon daji na prostate|ciwon prostate]], [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]], da ciwon ciki .  A cikin mata, nau'o'in da aka fi sani da shi sune ciwon nono, ciwon daji, ciwon huhu, da ciwon mahaifa.  Idan [[ciwon daji na fata]] banda melanoma ya kasance cikin sabbin cututtukan daji kowace shekara, zai kai kusan kashi 40% na lokuta.   A cikin yara, cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphoblastic da kuma ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa sun fi yawa, sai dai a Afirka, inda lymphoma ba Hodgkin ke faruwa sau da yawa.  A cikin shekara ta 2012, kimanin yara 165,000 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 sun kamu da ciwon daji.  Haarin cutar kansa yana ƙaruwa sosai da shekaru, kuma yawancin cututtukan daji suna faruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Yawan kudi yana karuwa yayin da mutane da yawa ke rayuwa har zuwa tsufa kuma yayin da canje-canjen salon rayuwa ke faruwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.  A kudi halin kaka na ciwon daji aka kiyasta a 1,16 tiriliyan USD a kowace shekara {{As of|2010}}.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Cancer.webm|thumbtime=0:32|thumb|Video summary (script)]]

== '''Asalin kalma da ma'anoni''' ==
Kalmar ta fito daga tsohuwar Girkanci καρκίνος, ma'ana ''kaguwa'' da ''ƙari'' . Likitocin Girka '''Hippocrates''' da '''Galen''', da sauransu, sun lura da kamannin kaguwa da wasu ciwace-ciwacen daji masu kumbura. An gabatar da kalmar a Turanci a ma'anar likitancin zamani a kusa da 1600. 

Ciwon daji ya kunshi babban iyali na cututtuka wadanda suka hada da hadakar kwayar sel mara kyau tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Suna samar da wani yanki na ''neoplasms'' . '''Neoplasm''' ko kari wani rukuni ne na kwayoyin '''sel''' wadanda suka sami girma mara tsari kuma galibi za su samar da taro ko dunkule, amma ana iya rarraba su a fili.  

Duk kwayoyin kari suna nuna alamomi shida na ciwon daji . Ana buƙatar waɗannan halaye don samar da kwayar cuta mara kyau. Sun hada da: 

* Girman cikin halitta da rarrabuwa ba su da sigina masu dacewa
* Cigaba da girma da rarrabuwa har ma da aka ba da sigina sabani
* Gujewa shirin mutuwar kwayar halitta
* Mara iyaka na sassan '''sel'''
* Haɓaka ginin magudanar jini
* Mamaye nama da samuwar metastases 

Cigaba daga '''sel''' na yau da kullun zuwa '''sel''' waɗanda zasu iya samar da adadin da za'a iya ganowa zuwa kansa kai tsaye ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa da aka sani da cigaba mara kyau.

== Alamomi da alamomi ==
 
[[File:Symptoms_of_cancer_metastasis.svg|thumb| Alamomin ciwon daji na metastasis sun dogara ne akan wurin da kari yake.]]
Lokacin da ciwon daji ya fara, ba ya haifar da alamun. Alamomi da alamomi suna bayyana yayin da taro ke girma ko ciwon ciki . Sakamakon binciken ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da wurin da yake ciki. 'Yan alamun suna da takamaiman . Yawancin lokuta suna faruwa a cikin mutane wadanda ke da wasu yanayi. Ciwon daji na iya zama da wahala a gano shi kuma ana iya daukarsa a matsayin &quot; babban mai koyi .&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutane na iya zama cikin damuwa ko damuwa bayan an gano cutar. Hadarin kashe kansa a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon daji ya kusan ninki biyu. 

=== Alamomin gida ===
Alamomin gida na iya faruwa saboda yawan kwayar cuta ko gyambonta. Alal misali, sakamako mai yawa daga ciwon huhu na huhu zai iya toshe bronchus wanda ke haifar da tari ko ciwon huhu ; Ciwon daji na esophageal zai iya haifar da kunkuntar esophagus, yana sa ya zama mai wuya ko mai radadi don hadiye; kuma [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji na launi na]] iya haifar da raguwa ko toshewa a cikin hanji, yana shafar dabi'un hanji. Talakawa a cikin kirjin ko kwaya na iya haifar da kullu mai gani. Ulceration na iya haifar da zubar jini wanda zai iya haifar da alamomi kamar [[Tari jini|tari na jini]] (ciwon daji), [[Rashin jini|anemia]] ko zubar da jini na dubura (ciwon daji), jini a cikin fitsari (ciwon mafitsara), ko zubar da jini na al'ada (endometrial ko cervical cancer). Kodayake ciwo na gida yana iya faruwa a cikin ciwon daji mai ci gaba, kwayar farko ba ta da zafi. Wasu ciwon daji na iya haifar da tarin ruwa a cikin kirji ko ciki . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alamomin tsari ===
Alamun tsarin na iya faruwa saboda amsawar jiki ga ciwon daji. Wannan na iya hadawa da gajiya, asarar nauyi ba da gangan ba, ko canjin fata.  Wasu cututtuka na iya haifar da tsarin kumburi na tsarin da ke haifar da asarar tsoka da rauni mai gudana, wanda aka sani da cachexia . 

Wasu nau'in ciwon daji kamar cutar Hodgkin, cutar sankarar bargo da [[ciwon daji na hanta]] ko koda na iya haifar da zazzabi mai tsayi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji suna haifar da hormones ko wasu kwayoyin halitta da kwayar cuta ta haifar, wanda aka sani da paraneoplastic syndromes . Ciwon daji na paraneoplastic na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hypercalcemia wanda zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, makarkashiya da bushewa, ko hyponatremia wanda kuma zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, amai, ciwon kai ko faduwa. 

=== Metastasis ===
 
Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya metastasize. Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya daidaita.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is Metastasized Cancer2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is Metastasized Cancer?|url=http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|website=National Comprehensive Cancer Network|access-date=18 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707200430/http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|archive-date=7 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Da hankula matakai a metastasis ne gida mamayewa, intravasation a cikin jini, ko Lymph, wurare dabam dabam a cikin jiki, extravasation cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da kuma angiogenesis . Daban-daban nau'ikan cututtukan daji suna yin kaura zuwa ga wasu gabobin, amma gabadaya wuraren da aka fi sani da metastases su ne huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa da kasusuwa .

== Dalilai ==
[[File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|thumb|Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa]]
[[File:Share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Share of cancer deaths attributed to tobacco |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco |website=Our World in Data |access-date=5 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Babban labarin: Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin shekara ta 2016. Yawancin ciwon daji, wasu kashi 90-95% na lokuta, suna faruwa ne saboda sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan muhalli da salon rayuwa. Ragowar kashi 5-10 cikin 100 na gado ne. Muhalli yana nufin duk wani abu da ba a gada ba, kamar salon rayuwa, tattalin arziki, da halaye ba kawai gurbatacce ba[38]. Abubuwan muhalli na gama gari waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwar kansa sun haɗa da shan taba (25-30%), abinci da kiba (30-35%), cututtuka (15-20%), radiation (duka ionizing da rashin ionizing, har zuwa 10%). , rashin motsa jiki, da gurbacewa.[3][39] Danniya na ilimin halin dan Adam baya bayyana a matsayin wani abu mai hadari ga farkon ciwon daji,  ko da yake yana iya tsananta sakamako a cikin wadanda ke da ciwon daji. Ba a yiwuwa a gabadaya a tabbatar da abin da ya haifar da wani ciwon daji saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su da takamaiman alamun yatsa. Misali, idan mutumin da ke shan taba ya kamu da cutar kansar huhu, to mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar amfani da taba, amma da yake kowa yana da dan karamin damar kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu sakamakon gurbataccen iska ko radiation, ciwon daji na iya tasowa saboda daya daga cikin wadannan dalilai. Sai dai cututtukan da ba kasafai suke faruwa ba tare da masu juna biyu da masu ba da gudummawar gabobin jiki lokaci-lokaci, ciwon daji gabadaya ba cuta ce mai iya yaɗuwa ba,  duk da haka abubuwan da ka iya haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji na iya yaduwa; irin su oncoviruses kamar hepatitis B, cutar Epstein-Barr da HIV.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sinadarai ==
[[File:Cancer smoking lung cancer correlation from NIH.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba.]]
Sinadaran bkrin bayani: Barasa da ciwon daji da shan taba da ciwon daji Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba. An danganta bayyanar da wasu abubuwa na musamman da takamaiman nau'in ciwon daji. Wadannan abubuwa ana kiran su carcinogens. Shan taba, alal misali, yana haifar da kashi 90% na cutar kansar huhu. Har ila yau yana haifar da ciwon daji a cikin makogwaro, kai, wuya, ciki, mafitsara, koda, esophagus da pancreas. Hayakin taba ya qunshi fiye da hamsin sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da nitrosamines da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Taba yana da alhakin kusan daya cikin biyar na mutuwar cutar kansa a duniya da kusan ɗaya cikin uku a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba. Yawan mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a Amurka ya yi kama da tsarin shan taba, tare da karuwar shan taba tare da karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin adadin mutuwar cutar kansar huhu kuma, kwanan nan, raguwar yawan shan taba tun shekarun 1950 ya biyo bayan raguwar mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a cikin maza tun 1990. A Yammacin Turai, kashi 10% na ciwon daji na maza da kashi 3% na ciwon daji na mata ana danganta su da shan barasa, musamman ciwon hanta da na narkewar abinci. Ciwon daji daga bayyanar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da aiki na iya haifar da tsakanin 2 zuwa 20% na lokuta,  yana haifar da aƙalla mutuwar 200,000. Ciwon daji kamar kansar huhu da mesothelioma na iya fitowa daga shakar hayakin taba ko filayen asbestos, ko cutar sankarar bargo daga kamuwa da benzene. Fuskantar perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen samar da Teflon, an san yana haifar da ciwon daji iri biyu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci Da Motsa Jiki ==
Abinci da motsa jiki: Abinci da ciwon daji Abinci, rashin motsa jiki da kiba suna da alaka da kusan kashi 30-35% na mutuwar ciwon daji. A cikin Amurka, yawan nauyin jiki yana da alaqa da habaka nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa kuma yana da tasiri a cikin 14-20% na mutuwar ciwon daji.Wani bincike na Burtaniya wanda ya hada da bayanai kan mutane sama da miliyan 5 ya nuna mafi girman kididdigar jiki da ke da alaqa da akalla nau'ikan ciwon daji guda 10 kuma ke da alhakin kusan cututtukan 12,000 kowace shekara a cikin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2013-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043732/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi imanin rashin aiki na jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga hadarin ciwon daji, ba kawai ta hanyar tasirinsa akan nauyin jiki ba har ma ta hanyar mummunan tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi da tsarin endocrine.[54]. Fiye da rabin abin da ke haifar da abinci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki (cin abinci da yawa), maimakon cin kayan lambu da yawa ko wasu abinci masu lafiya. Wasu takamaiman abinci suna da alaqa da takamaiman cututtukan daji. Cin abinci mai yawan gishiri yana da alaka da ciwon daji na ciki&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society&lt;/ref&gt;. Aflatoxin B1, mai yawan gurɓatar abinci, yana haifar da ciwon hanta. Taunar goro na iya haifar da kansar baki. Bambance-bambancen kasa a cikin ayyukan abinci na iya yin bayanin bambance-bambance a cikin abin da ya faru na kansa. Misali, ciwon daji na ciki ya fi zama ruwan dare a Japan saboda yawan abinci mai gishiri yayin da ciwon hanji ya fi yawa a Amurka. Bayanan ciwon daji na bakin haure suna kwatanta na sabuwar kasarsu, sau da yawa a cikin tsara kaya. 

== Kamuwa Da Cuta ==


Kamuwa da cuta: Abubuwan da ke kamuwa da cutar daji A duk duniya kusan kashi 18% na mutuwar kansa yana da alaqa da cututtuka masu yaduwa.[Wannan rabo ya tashi daga babban kashi 25% a Afirka zuwa kasa da kashi 10% a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Kwayoyin cuta sune cututtuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon daji amma kwayoyin cutar kansa da kwayoyin cuta na iya taka rawa. Oncoviruses (kwayoyin cutar da za su iya haifar da ciwon daji) sun hada da papillomavirus na mutum (ciwon daji na mahaifa), cutar Epstein-Barr (cututtukan lymphoproliferative B-cell da nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (Kaposi's sarcoma da primary effusion lymphomas), hepatitis B da hepatitis C ƙwayoyin cuta. hepatocellular carcinoma) da kuma ɗan adam T-cell cutar sankarar bargo-1 (T-cell leukemias). Har ila yau ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kara hadarin ciwon daji, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ciwon daji na Helicobacter pylori wanda ke haifar da ciwon ciki.[59][60]. Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji sun hada da Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) da hanta flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini da Clonorchis sinensis (cholangiocarcinoma).&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20140&lt;/ref&gt;

== Radiation ==
Radiation: Ciwon daji da ke haifar da radiation Fitar da hasken wuta kamar hasken ultraviolet da kayan aikin rediyo abu ne mai hadari ga kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252065&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin cututtukan daji waɗanda ba melanoma ba suna faruwa ne saboda hasken ultraviolet, galibi daga hasken rana.[63] Tushen ionizing radiation sun haɗa da hoton likita da radon gas.[63] Ionizing radiation ba mutagen mai karfi ba ne musamman.[65] Fuskantar wurin zama ga iskar radon, alal misali, yana da hadarin kansa iri daya kamar shan taba.[65] Radiation shine tushen ciwon daji mafi karfi idan aka haɗa shi da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa, kamar radon da hayakin taba.[65] Radiation zai iya haifar da ciwon daji a yawancin sassan jiki, a cikin dukan dabbobi da kuma kowane shekaru. Yara suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo wanda ke haifar da radiation sau biyu kamar manya; Fitar da radiation kafin haihuwa yana da tasirin sau goma.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Amfani da likitanci na ionizing radiation karami ne amma girma tushen cututtukan daji da ke haifar da radiation. Ana iya amfani da radiation ionizing don magance wasu cututtuka, amma wannan yana iya, a wasu lokuta, ya haifar da nau'i na ciwon daji na biyu.[65] Hakanan ana amfani da shi a wasu nau'ikan hoton likita.[66] Tsawaita bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet daga rana na iya haifar da cutar sankarau da sauran cututtukan fata.[67] Tabbatacciyar shaida ta tabbatar da hasken ultraviolet, musamman ma matsakaitan igiyar ruwa ta UVB, a matsayin sanadin mafi yawan cututtukan daji na fata wadanda ba melanoma ba, wadanda sune nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a duniya.[67] Rashin ionizing mitar rediyo daga wayar hannu, watsa wutar lantarki da sauran makamantansu an bayyana su a matsayin yiwuwar cutar sankara ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don Bincike kan Ciwon daji[68]. Hujja kuwa, ba ta goyi bayan wata damuwa ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya hada da cewa binciken bai sami daidaito tsakanin radiation wayar hannu da haɗarin ciwon daji ba 

== Gado ==
Gado: Ciwon daji Mafi yawan ciwon daji ba na gado ba ne (na lokaci-lokaci). Ciwon daji na gado yana haifar da asali ne ta hanyar lahani na gado. Kasa da kashi 0.3 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a sune masu dauke da maye gurbi wanda ke da babban tasiri kan hadarin kansa kuma yana haifar da kasa da kashi 3-10 na cutar kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da: wasu maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta BRCA1 da BRCA2 tare da fiye da 75% hadarin ciwon nono da ciwon daji na ovarian, [71] da kuma ciwon daji na nonpolyposis colorectal (HNPCC ko Lynch syndrome), wanda ke cikin kusan 3. % na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji, [72] da sauransu. Bisa kididdigar da ciwon daji ke haifar da mafi yawan mace-mace, hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar launin fata lokacin da aka gano dangi na farko (iyaye, dan'uwa ko yaro) yana da kusan 2.[73]. Hadarin dangi daidai shine 1.5 don kansar huhu, [74] da 1.9 don kansar prostate.[75]. Ga ciwon nono, haɗarin dangi shine 1.8 tare da dangi na farko wanda ya hadaka shi yana da shekaru 50 ko sama da haka, da 3.3 lokacin da dangin ya hadaka shi lokacin yana kasa da shekaru 50.[76]. Mutane masu tsayi suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa saboda suna da ƙwayoyin sel fiye da gajerun mutane. Tunda tsayin daka ya kayyade ta hanyar gado mai yawa, mutane masu tsayi suna da haɓakar haɗarin cutar kansa. 

== Wakilan Jiki ==
Wakilan jiki Wasu abubuwa suna haifar da cutar kansa ta hanyar zahiri, maimakon sinadarai.[78] Babban misali na wannan shine tsawaita bayyanar da asbestos, filayen ma'adinai da ke faruwa a zahiri wadanda sune babban dalilin mesothelioma (ciwon daji na serous membrane) yawanci serous membrane kewaye da huhu.[78] Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nau'in, ciki har da abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri da kuma sinadarai masu kama da asbestos na roba, irin su wollastonite, attapulgite, ulun gilashi da ulun dutse, an yi imanin suna da irin wannan tasirin.[78] Abubuwan da ba su da fibrous wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji sun haɗa da cobalt na karfe na karfe da nickel da silica crystalline (quartz, cristobalite da tridymite).[78]. Yawancin lokaci, carcinogens na jiki dole ne su shiga cikin jiki (kamar ta hanyar numfashi) kuma suna buƙatar shekaru masu yawa don haifar da ciwon daji.[78]. Rashin raunin jiki da ke haifar da kansa ba ya da yawa.[79] Da'awar cewa karya kasusuwa yana haifar da ciwon daji, misali, ba a tabbatar da hakan ba.[79] Hakazalika, ba a yarda da raunin jiki a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar mahaifa, ciwon nono ko kansar kwakwalwa.[79] Ɗaya daga cikin tushen da aka yarda shine akai-akai, aikace-aikacen dogon lokaci na abubuwa masu zafi zuwa jiki. Mai yiyuwa ne a ce yawan kone-kone da ake yi a sassan jiki guda, kamar wanda ake samar da na’urorin dumama na kanger da na kairo (masu dumin hannu na garwashi), na iya haifar da cutar kansar fata, musamman idan akwai sinadarai masu dauke da cutar sankara.[79] Yawan shan shayi mai zafi yana iya haifar da ciwon daji na hanji[79]. Gabadaya, an yi imanin cewa ciwon daji yana tasowa, ko kuma ana karfafa ciwon daji da ya riga ya kasance, yayin aikin warkarwa, maimakon raunin da ya faru kai tsaye.[79] Koyaya, maimaita raunin da aka samu ga kyallen takarda iri ɗaya na iya hadakar kwayoyin sel da yawa, wanda hakan na iya ƙara yuwuwar maye gurbi mai cutar kansa. An yi hasashen kumburi na yau da kullun don haifar da maye gurbi kai tsaye.[79][80] Kumburi na iya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwa, rayuwa, angiogenesis da ƙaura na ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ta hanyar tasiri microenvironment na tumor.[81][82]. Oncogenes suna gina microenvironment pro-tumorigenic mai kumburi.

== Hormones ==


Hormones Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna taka rawa wajen bunkasa ciwon daji ta hanyar inganta yaduwar kwayar halitta.[84] Abubuwan haɓaka kamar insulin da sunadaran da ke ɗaure su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, bambance-bambance da apoptosis, suna nuna yiwuwar shiga cikin carcinogenesis.[85]. Hormones sune muhimman abubuwa a cikin cututtukan daji masu alaƙa da jima'i, kamar kansar nono, endometrium, prostate, ovary da testis da kuma ciwon daji na thyroid da kansar ƙashi.[84] Misali, 'ya'yan mata masu fama da ciwon nono suna da adadin isrogen da progesterone da yawa fiye da 'yan matan mata masu ciwon nono. Wadannan matakan hormone masu girma na iya yin bayanin haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar kansar nono, ko da idan babu kwayar cutar kansar nono.[84] Hakazalika, mazan kakannin Afirka suna da matakan girma na testosterone fiye da mazan zuriyar Turai kuma suna da mafi girman matakin cutar kansar prostate.[84] Maza daga zuriyar Asiya, tare da mafi karancin matakan testosterone-activating androstanediol glucuronide, suna da mafi ƙarancin matakan ciwon daji na prostate.[84] Sauran abubuwan da suka dace: masu kiba suna da matakan girma na wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji da kuma mafi girman adadin wadannan cututtukan.[84]. Matan da suke shan maganin maye gurbin hormone suna da babban hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar da ke da alaqa da wadannan kwayoyin cutar.[84] A gefe guda kuma, mutanen da suke motsa jiki fiye da matsakaici suna da kananan matakan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna rage haɗarin ciwon daji.[84]. Osteosarcoma na iya haɓaka ta hanyar hormones girma.[84] Wasu jiyya da hanyoyin rigakafin suna yin amfani da wannan dalili ta hanyar rage matakan hormone ta hanyar wucin gadi da kuma hana cututtukan daji masu saurin kamuwa da hormone.[84]

== Cututtukan autoimmune ==
Akwai wata gungiya tsakanin cutar celiac da kara hadarin duk ciwon daji. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac da ba a kula da su ba suna da haɗari mafi girma, amma wannan hadarin yana raguwa tare da lokaci bayan ganewar asali da kuma kulawa mai tsanani, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙaddamar da abinci marar yisti, wanda ke da alama yana da rawar kariya daga ci gaban malignancy a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac. . Duk da haka, jinkirin ganewar asali da farawa na cin abinci marar yisti yana ƙara haɗarin malignancies.[86] Yawan ciwon daji na gastrointestinal yana karuwa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Crohn da ulcerative colitis, saboda kumburi na kullum. Har ila yau, immunomodulators da kwayoyin halitta da ake amfani da su don magance wadannan cututtuka na iya inganta hadakar cututtuka na hanji.

== Pathophysiology ==
[[File:Cancer requires multiple mutations from NIHen.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi.  Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan.]]
Pathophysiology: Carcinogenesis Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi. Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan. Genetics Babban labarin: Oncogenomics Ciwon daji cuta ce ta asali cuta na tsarin girma na nama. Domin tantanin halitta ya canza zuwa kwayar cutar kansa, dole ne a canza kwayoyin halittar da ke daidaita girma da bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta.[88] Kwayoyin halittar da abin ya shafa sun kasu kashi biyu manya-manya. Oncogenes sune kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel da haifuwa. Kwayoyin da ke hana Tumor su ne kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke hana rarraba tantanin halitta da rayuwa. Mummunan canji na iya faruwa ta hanyar samuwar novel oncogenes, rashin dacewa kan-bayyanar da kwayoyin oncogenes na yau da kullun, ko ta hanyar bayyanawa ko naƙasa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana kari. Yawanci, ana buƙatar canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa don canza tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa kwayar cutar kansa.[89] Canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban kuma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Riba ko asarar dukkanin chromosome na iya faruwa ta hanyar kurakurai a cikin mitosis. Mafi na kowa maye gurbi, wadanda canje-canje ne a cikin jerin nucleotide na DNA na genomic. Manyan maye gurbi sun hada da gogewa ko samun wani yanki na chromosome. Ƙwararrun kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa lokacin da tantanin halitta ya sami kwafi (sau da yawa 20 ko fiye) na ƙaramin wuri na chromosomal, yawanci yana ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye da oncogenes da kayan gado na kusa. Juyawa yana faruwa lokacin da yankuna biyu na chromosomal daban-daban suka zama masu haɗuwa da juna, sau da yawa a wani yanayi na musamman. Wani sanannen misalin wannan shine chromosome na Philadelphia, ko fassarar chromosomes 9 da 22, wanda ke faruwa a cikin cutar sankarar jini na myelogenous na kullum kuma yana haifar da samar da furotin BCR-abl fusion protein, wani oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Kananan maye gurbi sun hada da maye gurbi, gogewa, da sakawa, wanda zai iya faruwa a yankin mai tallata kwayar halitta kuma ya shafi maganganunsa, ko kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin jerin lambobin kwayar halittar da kuma canza aiki ko kwanciyar hankali na furotin. Har ila yau, rushewar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya na iya haifar da haduwa da kwayoyin halitta daga kwayar cutar DNA ko retrovirus, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na kwayar cutar kwayar cutar a cikin kwayar cutar da kuma zuriyarsa. Maimaita bayanan da ke cikin DNA na sel masu rai zai haifar da wasu kurakurai (maye gurbi). An gina hadadden gyaran kurakurai da rigakafi a cikin tsari kuma yana kiyaye tantanin halitta daga cutar kansa. Idan babban kuskure ya faru, tantanin da ya lalace zai iya lalata kansa ta hanyar tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta, wanda ake kira apoptosis. Idan tsarin sarrafa kuskuren ya gaza, to, maye gurbin zai tsira kuma a wuce tare da sel 'ya'ya. Wasu mahalli suna sa kurakurai su iya tasowa da yaduwa. Irin waɗannan mahalli na iya haɗawa da kasancewar abubuwa masu barna da ake kira carcinogens, maimaita rauni na jiki, zafi, ionizing radiation ko hypoxia.[90] Kurakuran da ke haifar da ciwon daji suna hadaka kai da hadakawa, misali: Maye gurbi a cikin injin gyara kura kurai na tantanin halitta na iya sa wannan tantanin halitta da 'ya'yanta su tara kurakurai cikin sauri. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin oncogene na iya haifar da tantanin halitta yin haifuwa da sauri da yawa fiye da takwarorinsa na yau da kullun. Karin maye gurbi na iya haifar da asarar kwayar kuma za ta iya rushe hanyar siginar apoptosis da kuma dawwama tantanin halitta. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin injin siginar tantanin halitta na iya aika sigina masu haifar da kuskure zuwa sel na kusa. Juyawa tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa ciwon daji yana kama da tsarin sarkar da ke haifar da kurakurai na farko, wanda ke hadawa zuwa manyan kurakurai, kowane ci gaba yana barin tantanin halitta damar tserewa ƙarin sarrafawa waɗanda ke iyakance haɓakar nama na yau da kullun. Wannan labari mai kama da tawaye shine tsira da ba a so na mafi dacewa, inda karfin juyin halitta ke aiki da tsarin jiki da aiwatar da tsari. Da zarar ciwon daji ya fara tasowa, wannan tsari mai gudana, wanda ake kira juyin halitta na clonal, yana haifar da ci gaba zuwa matakai masu yawa.[91]. Juyin Halitta na Clonal yana haifar da intra-tumour heterogeneity (kwayoyin ciwon daji tare da maye gurbi daban-daban) wanda ke dagula ƙira ingantattun dabarun jiyya. Halayen iyawar halayen da cututtukan daji ke haɓaka sun kasu kashi-kashi, musamman ƙauracewa apoptosis, wadatar kai a cikin siginar girma, rashin jin daɗi ga siginar haɓaka girma, ci gaba da angiogenesis, yuwuwar kwafi mara iyaka, metastasis, sake fasalin kuzarin kuzari da gujewa lalatawar rigakafi.

== Epigenetics ==
[[File:Diagram Damage to Cancer Wiki 300dpi.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis]]
Epigenetics: Ciwon daji epigenetics Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis Ra'ayi na gargajiya game da ciwon daji wani nau'in cututtuka ne waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaba na rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka haɗa da maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari da oncogenes da rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal. Daga baya an gano rawar da aka samu na sauye-sauye na epigenetic.[92] Canje-canjen Epigenetic gyare-gyaren da suka dace da aiki zuwa ga kwayoyin halitta wadanda ba sa canza jerin nucleotide. Misalan irin wadannan gyare-gyare sune canje-canje a cikin DNA methylation (hypermethylation da hypomethylation), gyare-gyaren histone[93] da canje-canje a cikin gine-ginen chromosomal (wanda ya haifar da rashin dacewa na sunadaran kamar HMGA2 ko HMGA1).[94]. Kowane bayan waɗannan sauye-sauye yana sarrafa maganganun kwayoyin halitta ba tare da canza jerin DNA na asali ba. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya wanzuwa ta hanyar rarrabuwar sel, suna dawwama ga tsararraki masu yawa kuma ana iya daukar su azaman epimutation (daidai da maye gurbi). Canje-canje na Epigenetic yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin ciwon daji. Alal misali, binciken daya ya lissafa kwayoyin halittar sunadaran sunadaran da aka saba canzawa akai-akai a cikin methylation tare da ciwon daji na hanji. Wadannan sun hada da 147 hypermethylated da 27 hypomethylated genes. Daga cikin kwayoyin halittar hypermethylated, 10 sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin 100% na ciwon daji na hanji kuma wasu da yawa sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin fiye da 50% na ciwon daji na hanji.[95]. Yayin da ake samun sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin ciwon daji, sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA, yana haifar da raguwar maganganun sunadarai na gyaran DNA, na iya zama mahimmanci. Ana tsammanin irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna faruwa da wuri kafin su ci gaba zuwa cutar kansa kuma suna iya zama sanadin rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halittar cututtukan daji.[96][97][98] Rage bayanin kwayoyin halittar DNA na gyaran DNA yana rushe gyaran DNA. Ana nuna wannan a cikin adadi a mataki na 4 daga sama. (A cikin adadi, jajayen kalmomi suna nuna tsakiyar rawar lalacewar DNA da lahani a cikin gyaran DNA don ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji.) Lokacin da gyaran DNA ya gaza lalacewar DNA ya kasance a cikin sel a matakin sama fiye da yadda aka saba (mataki na 5) kuma yana haifar da kara yawan mitoci. maye gurbi da/ko epimutation (matakin 6). Adadin maye gurbi yana karuwa sosai a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba su da lahani a cikin gyare-gyaren rashin daidaituwa na DNA[99] [100] ko a cikin gyaran hadin gwiwa (HRR).[101] Sabuntawar chromosomal da aneuploidy suma suna karuwa a cikin sel marasa lahani na HRR.[102] Mafi girman matakan lalacewa na DNA yana haifar da karar maye gurbi (gefen siffa na dama) da kara kazanta. Yayin gyaran DNA ninki biyu karya, ko gyara wasu lalacewar DNA, wuraren gyara da ba su cika cika ba na iya haifar da shiru na kwayoyin halitta.[103][104] Rashin bayyanar sunadaran gyaran DNA saboda maye gurbi na iya kara hadarin kansa. Mutanen da ke da nakasar gada a cikin kowane nau'in halittar DNA na 34 (duba labarin DNA gyara-rashi cuta) sun haɓaka haɗarin kansa, tare da wasu lahani suna tabbatar da damar 100% na ciwon daji (misali p53 maye gurbi).[105]. An lura da maye gurbi na gyaran layin DNA a gefen hagu na adadi. Duk da haka, irin wannan maye gurbi (wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na ciwon daji) shine kawai ke haifar da kusan kashi 1 cikin dari na ciwon daji.[106] A cikin cututtukan daji na lokaci-lokaci, ƙarancin gyare-gyaren DNA na faruwa lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar DNA amma galibi ana haifar da su ta hanyar sauye-sauyen epigenetic wadanda ke rage ko yin shuru na maganganun kwayoyin halittar DNA. An nuna wannan a cikin adadi a matakin 3rd. Yawancin binciken da aka yi na carcinogenesis mai nauyin ƙarfe mai nauyi ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan ƙananan karafa suna haifar da raguwa a cikin maganganun gyaran enzymes na DNA, wasu ta hanyar hanyoyin epigenetic. An ba da shawarar hana gyaran DNA don zama babbar hanyar da ke haifar da cutar sankara mai nauyi. Bugu da kari, akai-akai sauye-sauye na epigenetic na lambar jerin DNA don kananan RNAs da ake kira microRNAs (ko miRNAs). miRNAs ba sa kididdige sunadaran sunadaran, amma suna iya “nufa” ƙwayoyin furotin-coded kuma su rage maganganunsu. Ciwon daji galibi suna tasowa ne daga tarin maye gurbi da kwankwasa waɗanda ke ba da fa'idar zabin da ke haifar da haɓaka clonal (duba lahani na ci gaba zuwa kansa). Maye gurbi, duk da haka, bazai zama akai-akai a cikin cututtukan daji kamar sauye-sauyen epigenetic ba. Matsakaicin ciwon daji na nono ko hanji yana iya samun sauye-sauyen furotin da kusan 60 zuwa 70, wanda kusan uku ko hudu na iya zama maye gurbin “direba” sauran kuma na iya zama maye gurbin “fasinja”

== Metastasi ==
Metastasis: Metastasis Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya daidaitawa.[35] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya karu.[36] Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Matakan al'ada a cikin metastasis sune mamayewa na gida, shiga cikin jini ko lymph, wurare dabam dabam ta jiki, haɓaka cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da angiogenesis. Nau'o'in ciwon daji daban-daban suna yin kazamin gabobin jikinsu, amma gabaɗaya wuraren da aka fi samun kazanta su ne huhu, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa da kasusuwa.[35]

== Metabolism ==
Tumor metabolome Kwayoyin al'ada yawanci suna haifar da kusan kashi 30% na makamashi daga glycolysis, [108] yayin da yawancin ciwon daji ke dogara ga glycolysis don samar da makamashi (Tasirin Warburg).[109][110] [111] Amma tsirarun nau'ikan ciwon daji sun dogara da phosphorylation oxidative a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko, gami da lymphoma, cutar sankarar bargo, da kansar endometrial.[112] Ko da a wadannan lokuta, duk da haka, amfani da glycolysis a matsayin tushen makamashi da wuya ya wuce 60%.[108] Wasu 'yan ciwon daji suna amfani da glutamine a matsayin babban tushen makamashi, wani bangare saboda yana samar da nitrogen da ake bukata don hadin nucleotide (DNA, RNA).[113][108]. Kwayoyin ciwon daji sukan yi amfani da oxidative phosphorylation ko glutamine a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko.[114] Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa enzyme sirtuin 6 an zabi wanda ba a kunna shi ba a lokacin oncogenesis a cikin nau'ikan ƙari iri-iri ta hanyar haifar da glycolysis.[111] Wani sirtuin, sirtuin 3 yana hana ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da glycolysis, amma yana inganta ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da oxidative phosphorylation.[115]. An ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai karancin carbohydrate (abinci na ketogenic) a wasu lokuta azaman maganin tallafi don maganin ciwon daji.

== Bincike ==

[[File:Thorax pa peripheres Bronchialcarcinom li OF markiert.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Chest [[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] showing lung cancer in the left lung]]

Bincike (Satumba 2021) aX-ray na kirji yana nuna kansar huhu a cikin huhu na hagu Yawancin ciwon daji ana gane su da farko ko dai saboda bayyanar alamu ko alamun cutar ko ta hanyar dubawa. Babu bayan wadannan da ke haifar da tabbataccen ganewar asali, wanda ke bugatar bincika samfurin nama ta hanyar likitan ilimin cututtuka. Ana bincikar mutanen da ake zargi da ciwon daji tare da gwaje-gwajen likita. Wadannan yawanci sun hada da gwaje-gwajen jini, X-rays, (contrast) CT scans da endoscopy. Binciken nama daga biopsy yana nuna nau'in tantanin halitta da ke yaduwa, darajar tarihinsa, rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta da sauran siffofi. Tare, wannan bayanin yana da amfani don kimanta tsinkaye da kuma zabar mafi kyawun magani. Cytogenetics da immunohistochemistry wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen nama ne. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da bayanai game da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta (kamar maye gurbi, kwayoyin halittar fusion da sauye-sauye na chromosome na lambobi) kuma yana iya nuna hasashen hasashen da mafi kyawun magani. Ciwon daji na iya haifar da damuwa na tunani da kuma shiga tsakani na zamantakewa, kamar maganin magana, na iya taimakawa mutane da wannan.[118]

== Rabewa ==
Karin bayani: Jerin nau'ikan ciwon daji da Jerin sharuddan da suka danganci oncology Ciwon daji ana rarraba su da nau'in tantanin halitta wanda kwayoyin tumor suke kama da shi don haka ana zaton shine asalin kwayar cuta. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun hada da: Carcinoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel epithelial. Wannan rukunin ya qunshi yawancin cututtukan daji da aka fi sani kuma sun haɗa da kusan duka waɗanda ke cikin nono, prostate, huhu, pancreas da hanji. Sarcoma: Ciwon daji da ke tasowa daga nama mai haɗawa (watau kashi, guringuntsi, mai, jijiya), kowannensu yana tasowa daga kwayoyin halitta da suka samo asali a cikin kwayoyin halitta a waje da kasusuwa. Lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo: Waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna tasowa ne daga ƙwayoyin hematopoietic (masu samar da jini) waɗanda ke barin bargo kuma sukan yi girma a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da jini, bi da bi.[119] Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel masu ƙarfi, galibi suna nunawa a cikin ƙwaya ko kwai (seminoma da dysgerminoma, bi da bi). Blastoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel &quot;precursor&quot; marasa girma ko nama na amfrayo. Ciwon daji yawanci ana kiransu ta hanyar amfani da -carcinoma, -sarcoma ko -blastoma a matsayin kari, tare da kalmar Latin ko Girkanci ga gabbai ko nama na asali a matsayin tushen. Misali, ciwon daji na parenchyma na hanta da ke tasowa daga sel epithelial masu cutarwa ana kiransa hepatocarcinoma, yayin da mummunan cutar da ke fitowa daga sel precursor na hanta ana kiransa hepatoblastoma kuma ciwon daji da ke fitowa daga kwayoyin kitse ana kiransa liposarcoma. Ga wasu cututtukan daji na yau da kullun, ana amfani da sunan gabobin Ingilishi. Misali, nau'in ciwon daji na nono da aka fi sani shine ake kira ductal carcinoma na nono. Anan, ductal na sifa yana nufin bayyanar cutar daji a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ke nuna cewa ya samo asali ne a cikin magudanar madara. Ciwon daji mara kyau (wadanda ba ciwon daji ba) ana kiran su ta amfani da -oma azaman kari tare da sunan gabobin a matsayin tushen. Alal misali, kwayar tsoka mai santsi ana kiranta leiomyoma (sunan gama gari na wannan kwayar cuta mai saurin faruwa a cikin mahaifa shine fibroid). Abin mamaki, wasu nau'in ciwon daji suna amfani da -noma suffix, misalai ciki har da melanoma da seminoma. Wasu nau'in ciwon daji ana kiran su don girma da siffar sel a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa, kamar giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma da kananan-cell carcinoma. Wani ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya. Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu. Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Breast cancer gross appearance.jpg|Wani mugun abu [[ductal carcinoma]] na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya.
File:Colon cancer 2.jpg|Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy
File:Lung cancer.jpg|Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu.
File:BreastCancer.jpg|Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rigakafi ==
Rigakafi Babban labarin: rigakafin ciwon daji An bayyana rigakafin cutar kansa azaman matakan aiki don rage hadarin kansa.[120] Mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda hadarin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli zabin salon rayuwa ne masu iya sarrafawa. Don haka, ciwon daji gabaɗaya ana iya rigakafinsa[121]. Tsakanin kashi 70% zuwa 90% na cututtukan daji na yau da kullun suna faruwa ne saboda abubuwan muhalli don haka ana iya yin rigakafi.[122] Fiye da kashi 30 cikin 100 na mace-macen cutar daji za a iya kiyaye su ta hanyar guje wa abubuwan haɗari da suka haɗa da: taba, kiba mai yawa, rashin abinci mara kyau, rashin motsa jiki, barasa, cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da gurɓataccen iska.[123] Bugu da ari, ana iya la'akari da talauci a matsayin wani abu mai hatsarin gaske a cikin cututtukan daji na ɗan adam.[124] Ba duk abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli ba ne ake iya sarrafa su ba, kamar abubuwan da ke faruwa ta zahiri da kuma ciwon daji da ke haifar da cututtukan gado na gado don haka ba a iya yin rigakafi ta hanyar halayen mutum.

== Abincin abinci ==
Abincin abinci da ciwon daji Yayin da aka ba da shawarwarin abinci da yawa don rage haɗarin ciwon daji, shaidar da za ta goyi bayan su ba ta tabbata ba.[14][125] Abubuwan abinci na farko waɗanda ke habaka hadari sune kiba da shan barasa. Abincin da ke da ƙarancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da jajayen nama suna da alaƙa da alaƙa amma sake dubawa da nazarin meta ba su kai ga daidaito ba.[126][127] Binciken meta-bincike na 2014 bai sami dangantaka tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da ciwon daji ba.[128] Kofi yana da alaƙa da raguwar haɗarin cutar kansar hanta.[129] Bincike ya danganta yawan shan ja ko naman da aka sarrafa da yawan kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ciwon hanji da kuma ciwon daji na pancreatic, al’amarin da zai iya kasancewa saboda kasancewar carcinogens a cikin naman da ake dafawa a yanayin zafi.[130][131] A cikin 2015 IARC ta ba da rahoton cewa cin nama da aka sarrafa (misali, naman alade, naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, tsiran alade) kuma, zuwa karamin digiri, jan nama yana da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan daji.[132][133]. Shawarwari na abinci don rigakafin ciwon daji yawanci sun haɗa da ba da fifiko ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi gabaɗaya da kifi da kuma nisantar sarrafa nama da jan nama (naman sa, naman alade, rago), kitsen dabbobi, abincin da aka ɗora da ingantaccen carbohydrates.

== Magani ==
Magani Ana iya amfani da magunguna don hana ciwon daji a wasu yanayi kaɗan[134]. A cikin yawan jama'a, NSAIDs suna rage hadarin ciwon daji na launi; duk da haka, saboda illar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da illa gaba daya idan aka yi amfani da su don rigakafi.[135] An gano aspirin yana rage hadarin mutuwa daga cutar kansa da kusan kashi 7%.[136] Masu hana COX-2 na iya rage yawan kwayar polyp a cikin mutanen da ke da polyposis adenomatous iyali; duk da haka, yana da alaka da illa iri ɗaya da NSAIDs.[137] Yin amfani da tamoxifen ko raloxifene kullum yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono a cikin mata masu haɗari.[138] Amfani da cutarwa ga 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor kamar finasteride bai bayyana ba.[139] Karancin bitamin ba ya bayyana yana da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji[140]. Yayin da ƙananan matakan bitamin D ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon daji, [141] [142] [143] ko wannan dangantakar tana da dalili kuma ƙarin bitamin D yana da kariya ba a ƙayyade ba.[144][145]. Ɗaya daga cikin bita na 2014 ya gano cewa kari ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hadarin ciwon daji.[145] Wani bita na 2014 ya kammala cewa bitamin D3 na iya rage hadarin mutuwa daga ciwon daji (kananan mutuwa a cikin mutane 150 da aka yi wa magani sama da shekaru 5), amma an lura da damuwa game da ingancin bayanan.[146] Beta-carotene yana kara yawan ciwon daji na huhu a cikin wadanda ke da haɗari.[147] Kariyar folic acid ba ta da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji na hanji kuma yana iya ƙara yawan polyps.[148] Ba a nuna ƙarin sinadarin selenium don rage haɗarin cutar kansa ba.[149]  

== Allurar Rigakafi ==
An samar da alluran rigakafin da ke hana kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta na carcinogenic.[150] Alurar rigakafin cutar papilloma na dan adam (Gardasil da Cervarix) suna rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar mahaifa.[150] Alurar rigakafin ciwon hanta na B na hana kamuwa da cutar hanta da kuma haka yana rage haɗarin ciwon hanta.[150] Ana ba da shawarar gudanar da rigakafin cutar papillomavirus da rigakafin hanta B a inda albarkatu suka ba da izini. 

== Nunawa ==
Nunawa Babban labarin: Binciken cutar daji Ba kamar yunƙurin gano cutar da alamu da alamun likita ke haifar da shi ba, gwajin cutar kansa ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin gano kansa bayan ya taso, amma kafin bayyanar cututtuka da ake iya gani.[152] Wannan yana iya haɗawa da gwajin jiki, gwajin jini ko fitsari ko hoton likita.[152] Ba a samun gwajin cutar kansa don nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Ko da gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa, kila ba za a ba su shawarar ga kowa ba. Nunawa ta duniya ko tantanin jama'a ya ƙunshi tantance kowa.[153] Zaɓen tantancewa yana gano mutanen da ke cikin hadari mafi girma, kamar mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali.[153] An yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa don tantance ko fa'idar tantancewar ta zarce kasada da kuma tsadar aikin tantancewar[152]. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da: Lalacewar da za a iya samu daga gwajin nunawa: alal misali, Hotunan X-ray sun haɗa da fallasa zuwa radiation ionizing mai illa. Yiwuwar gwajin gano cutar kansa daidai Yiwuwar ciwon daji ya kasance: Binciken ba ya da amfani ga ciwon daji da ba kasafai ba. Matsalolin da za a iya samu daga hanyoyin biyo baya Ko akwai maganin da ya dace Ko ganowa da wuri yana inganta sakamakon jiyya Ko ciwon daji zai taɓa buƙatar magani Ko gwajin ya kasance karbuwa ga mutane: Idan gwajin gwajin ya yi nauyi (misali, mai tsananin zafi), to mutane za su ki shiga.[153]

== Farashin Shawarwari ==
Rundunar Tsaro ta Amurka gungiyar kwararru ta Amurka (USPSTF) ta ba da shawarwari ga cututtuka daban-daban: Yana ba da shawarar auna cutar kansar mahaifa ga mata masu jima'i kuma suna da mahaifa aqalla har zuwa shekaru 65.[154]. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi wa Amirkawa gwajin cutar kansar launin fata ta hanyar gwajin jini na facal, sigmoidoscopy, ko colonoscopy farawa daga shekara 50 har zuwa shekara 75.[155]. Shaidu ba su isa ba don bayar da shawarar don ko hana gwajin cutar kansar fata, [156] ciwon daji na baka, [157] kansar huhu, [158] ko ciwon gurguwar prostate a cikin maza a karkashin 75.[159]. Ba a ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don ciwon daji na mafitsara, [160] kansar testicular, [161] cancer ovarian, [162] cancer pancreatic, [163] ko prostate cancer.[164] Yana ba da shawarar mammography don gwajin cutar kansar nono kowane shekara biyu daga shekaru 50-74, amma baya ba da shawarar ko dai a yi gwajin nono ko gwajin nono na asibiti.[165] Wani bita na Cochrane na 2013 ya kammala cewa gwajin cutar kansar nono ta hanyar mammography ba shi da wani tasiri wajen rage mace-mace saboda yawan bincike-bincike da wuce gona da iri. 

== Gwajin Kwayar Halitta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Gene
! Cancer types
|-
| [[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]]
| Breast, ovarian, pancreatic
|-
| [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC]], [[MLH1]], [[MSH2]], [[MSH6]], [[PMS1]], [[PMS2]]
| Colon, uterine, small bowel, stomach, urinary tract
|}
Gwajin kwayoyin halitta Duba kuma: Ciwon daji Nau'in Ciwon Kansa BRCA1, BRCA2 Nono, kwai, pancreatic HNPCC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 Colon, uterine, kananan hanji, ciki, urinary fili gungiyoyin da ba na hukuma ba suna ba da shawarar gwajin kwayoyin halitta ga mutane masu hadari na wasu cututtuka. Masu dauke da waɗannan maye gurbi na iya yin ingantacciyar sa ido, maganin rigakafi, ko tiyata don rage hadarinsu na gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid24176569&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=BRCA08&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Gulati AP, [[Susan Domchek|Domchek SM]] |s2cid=29630942 |title=The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers |journal=Current Oncology Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18366960 |doi=10.1007/s11912-008-0008-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=BRCA08/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
Gudanarwa: Gudanar da ciwon daji da ciwon daji Akwai zabubbukan magani da yawa don ciwon daji. Na farko sun hada da tiyata, chemotherapy, radiation far, hormonal far, niyya far da palliative kula. Wadanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su ya dogara da nau'in, wuri da matakin ciwon daji da kuma lafiyar majiyyaci da abubuwan da ake so. Manufar magani na iya ko ba ta zama magani ba. 

== Chemotherapy ==
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy shine maganin ciwon daji tare da daya ko fiye cytotoxic anti-neoplastic kwayoyi (chemotherapeutic agents) a matsayin wani bangare na daidaitaccen tsari. Kalmar ta kunshi magunguna iri-iri, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan kamar su alkylating agents da antimetabolites.[168] Magungunan chemotherapeutic na al'ada suna yin aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke rarraba cikin sauri, wani abu mai mahimmanci na yawancin kwayoyin kansa. An gano cewa samar da magungunan cytotoxic a hade ya fi magani guda; wani tsari da ake kira haɗin kai; wanda ke da fa'ida a cikin kididdigar rayuwa da martani ga ciwace-ciwacen daji da ci gaban cutar.[169] Wani bita na Cochrane ya kammala cewa hadin gwiwa ya fi tasiri don magance ciwon daji na nono. Koyaya, gabaɗaya ba tabbas ko haɗin chemotherapy yana haifar da ingantacciyar sakamako na lafiya, lokacin da aka yi la'akari da rayuwa da guba.[170] Maganin da aka yi niyya wani nau'i ne na chemotherapy wanda ke kaiwa takamaiman bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta tsakanin ciwon daji da kwayoyin al'ada. Magungunan da aka yi niyya na farko sun toshe kwayar mai karkar isrogen, yana hana ci gaban ciwon nono. Wani misali na yau da kullun shine nau'in inhibitors na Bcr-Abl, wadanda ake amfani da su don magance cutar sankarar bargo ta myelogenous (CML).[4] A halin yanzu, maganin da aka yi niyya ya wanzu ga yawancin nau'ikan ciwon daji na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon daji na mafitsara, kansar nono, kansar colorectal, ciwon koda, cutar sankarar bargo, kansar hanta, kansar huhu, lymphoma, kansar pancreatic, kansar prostate, kansar fata, da kansar thyroid kamar da sauran nau’in ciwon daji[171]. Amfanin chemotherapy ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da mataki. A hade tare da tiyata, chemotherapy ya tabbatar da amfani a cikin nau'in ciwon daji da suka hada da kansar nono, ciwon daji, ciwon daji na pancreatic, sarcoma osteogenic, ciwon daji na testicular, ciwon daji na ovarian da wasu cututtuka na huhu.[172]. Chemotherapy yana warkar da wasu cututtukan daji, kamar wasu cutar sankarar bargo, [173] [174] marasa tasiri a wasu ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, [175] da rashin buqata a wasu, kamar yawancin cututtukan fata marasa melanoma.[176]. Amfanin chemotherapy sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar guba zuwa wasu kyallen takarda a cikin jiki. Ko da chemotherapy bai ba da magani na dindindin ba, yana iya zama da amfani don rage alamun cututtuka kamar zafi ko rage girman kwayar kwayar cuta da ba ta iya aiki a cikin bege cewa tiyata zai yiwu a nan gaba. 

== Radiotion ==
Radiation Jiyya na radiation ya kunshi amfani da ionizing radiation a kokarin ko dai magani ko inganta alamun cututtuka. Yana aiki ta hanyar lalata DNA na nama mai ciwon daji, yana kashe shi. Don adana kyallen takarda na al'ada (kamar fata ko gabobin, wanda radiation dole ne ya wuce ta don magance ciwon daji), nau'ikan radiyo masu siffa suna nufin daga kusurwoyi masu yawa don shiga tsakani a cikin kwayar cuta, suna samar da kashi mafi girma a can fiye da kewaye, nama mai lafiya. . Kamar yadda yake tare da chemotherapy, ciwon daji ya bambanta a cikin martanin su ga maganin radiation.[177][178][179] Ana amfani da maganin radiation a kusan rabin lokuta. Radiation na iya zama ko dai daga tushen ciki (brachytherapy) ko waje na waje. Radiyon shine mafi yawan haskoki na X-ray marasa karfi don magance ciwon daji na fata, yayin da ake amfani da hasken X-ray mai karfi don ciwon daji a cikin jiki.[180] Radiation yawanci ana amfani dashi ban da tiyata da ko chemotherapy. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, kamar kansar farkon kai da wuyansa, ana iya amfani da shi kadai[181]. Don kashin kashi mai radadi, an gano yana da tasiri a kusan kashi 70% na marasa lafiya.[181] 

== Tiyata ==
Tiyata ita ce hanyar farko ta jiyya ga mafi yawan kebantacce, kwararrun cututtukan daji kuma maiyuwa suna taka rawa wajen daidaitawa da tsawaita rayuwa. Yawanci wani muhimmin sashi ne na tabbataccen ganewar asali da matakan ciwace-ciwacen daji, kamar yadda ake bukatar biopsies yawanci. A cikin ciwon daji na gida, tiyata yawanci yana kokari ya cire gaba daya taro tare da, a wasu lokuta, kwayoyin lymph a yankin. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji wannan ya isa ya kawar da cutar kansa[172].

== Kulawar Jin Dadi ==
Kulawar jin dadi Kulawa da jin dadi magani ne wanda ke kokarin taimaka wa majiyyaci jin daɗi kuma ana iya hada shi tare da kokarin magance cutar kansa. Kulawa da jin dadi ya hada da aiki don rage damuwa ta jiki, tunani, ruhi da damuwa na zamantakewa. Ba kamar jiyya da ke nufin kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye ba, babban burin kula da jin dadi shine haɓaka ingancin rayuwa. Mutane a kowane mataki na maganin ciwon daji yawanci suna samun wani nau'i na kulawa. A wasu lokuta, gungiyoyin kwararrun likita suna ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya da likitoci su amsa cutar kansa kawai tare da kulawar jin dadi.[182] Wannan ya shafi marasa lafiya wadanda: [183] suna nuna karancin aiki, yana nuna iyakacin ikon kula da kansu[182]

1. bai sami fa'ida daga jiyya na tushen shaida ba

2. ba su cancanci shiga kowane gwaji na asibiti da ya dace ba

3. babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa magani zai yi tasiri.

Kulawar jin dadi na iya rikicewa tare da asibiti don haka ana nunawa ne kawai lokacin da mutane suka kusanci karshen rayuwa. Kamar kulawar asibiti, kulawar jinya yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa majiyyaci su jimre da buƙatun su na gaggawa kuma don haɓaka ta'aziyya. Ba kamar kulawar asibiti ba, kulawar kwantar da hankali baya bukatar mutane su daina jiyya da ke nufin cutar kansa. Jagororin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da yawa sun ba da shawarar kulawa da wuri na gaggawa ga marasa lafiya wadanda ciwon daji ke haifar da alamun damuwa ko waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako don jure rashin lafiyarsu. A cikin marasa lafiya da aka fara gano cutar ta metastatic, ana iya ba da kulawa ta gaggawa nan da nan. Ana nuna kulawar jin daɗi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da tsinkayar ƙasa da watanni 12 na rayuwa har ma an ba su magani mai tsauri.

== Immunotherapy ==
Ciwon daji immunotherapy An fara amfani da nau'o'in hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ta hanyar amfani da immunotherapy, karfafawa ko taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji, tun daga 1997. Hanyoyi sun haɗa da kwayoyin rigakafi, maganin bincike, da kuma canja wurin kwayar halitta.[187]. 

== Maganin Laser ==
Maganin Laser: Laser a cikin maganin kansa Laser farfesa Laser yana amfani da haske mai karfi don magance ciwon daji ta raguwa ko lalata ciwace-ciwacen daji ko ci gaba mai saurin kamuwa. An fi amfani da Laser don magance ciwon daji na sama wanda ke saman jiki ko kuma murfin gabobin ciki. Ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji na fata na basal cell da farkon matakan wasu kamar su mahaifa, azzakari, farji, vulvar, da kuma ciwon huhu mara karami. Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi tare da wasu jiyya, kamar tiyata, chemotherapy, ko radiation far. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), ko interstitial Laser photocoagulation, yana amfani da Laser don magance wasu cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da hyperthermia, wanda ke amfani da zafi don rage ciwace-ciwacen kwayoyi ta hanyar lalacewa ko kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Laser sun fi dacewa fiye da tiyata kuma suna haifar da karancin lalacewa, zafi, zubar jini, kumburi, da tabo. Rashin lahani shine dole ne likitocin fida su sami horo na musamman. Yana iya zama mafi tsada fiye da sauran magunguna[188].

== Madadin Magunguna ==
Madadin Magungunan karfafawa da madadin maganin cutar kansa rukuni ne daban-daban na jiyya, ayyuka da samfurori waɗanda ba sa cikin magungunan al'ada.[189] “Maganin Ƙarfafawa” yana nufin hanyoyi da abubuwan da ake amfani da su tare da magungunan gargajiya, yayin da “maganin madadin” yana nufin mahadi da ake amfani da su maimakon magungunan gargajiya[190]. Yawancin magungunan da ke da alaqa da ciwon daji ba a yi nazari ko gwada su ta amfani da dabaru na al'ada kamar gwajin asibiti ba. An bincika wasu madadin jiyya kuma an nuna ba su da tasiri amma har yanzu ana ci gaba da tallata su da hadakawa. Wani mai bincike kan cutar daji Andrew J. Vickers ya bayyana cewa, &quot;Lakabin 'wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba' bai dace da irin waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba; lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da cewa yawancin hanyoyin maganin ciwon daji an 'bata'.

== Hasashen Dubi ==
[[File:Three measures of cancer mortality, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Matakan uku na mutuwar ciwon daji na duniya daga 1990 to 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Three measures of cancer mortality |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cancer-deaths-rate-and-age-standardized-rate-index |website=Our World in Data |access-date=7 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Hasashen Dubi kuma: Yawan tsira da cutar daji, Jerin adadin mace-macen cutar kansa a Amurka, da masu tsira da ciwon daji Matakai uku na mace-macen cutar kansa ta duniya daga 1990 zuwa 2017[192] Yawan tsira ya bambanta da nau'in ciwon daji da kuma matakin da aka gano shi, kama daga rayuwa mai yawa zuwa cikar mace-mace shekaru biyar bayan ganewar asali. Da zarar ciwon daji ya sami metastasized, tsinkaya yakan zama mafi muni. Kimanin rabin marasa lafiya da ke samun maganin ciwon daji (ban da carcinoma a wuri da kuma ciwon daji na fata wanda ba melanoma ba) suna mutuwa daga wannan ciwon daji ko maganinsa.[23] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ƙazamin kwayar cuta ta farko.[193] Rayuwa ya fi muni a kasashe masu tasowa, [23] wani bangare saboda nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a can yana da wuyar magani fiye da wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.[194] Wadanda suka tsira daga cutar kansa suna kamuwa da kansar farko na biyu da kusan ninki biyu na wadanda ba a gano su ba.[195] An yi imanin cewa haɓakar hadarin ya kasance saboda bazuwar damar haɓaka kowane ciwon daji, yuwuwar tsira daga cutar kansa ta farko, abubuwan haɗari iri ɗaya waɗanda suka haifar da cutar kansa ta farko, illolin da ba'a so na magance cutar kansa ta farko (musamman magungunan radiation), da kuma mafi kyawun yarda da nunawa.[195]. Hasashen tsira na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Mafi mahimmanci sune nau'in ciwon daji da shekarun majiyyaci da lafiyar jiki gaba daya. Wadanda ke da rauni tare da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna da karancin rayuwa fiye da sauran mutane masu lafiya. Ba zai yi yuwuwa masu shekaru dari ba su rayu har tsawon shekaru biyar ko da an sami nasarar jiyya. Mutanen da suka ba da rahoton ingancin rayuwa suna dade da rayuwa.[196] Mutanen da ke da karancin ingancin rayuwa na iya shafar bakin ciki da sauran rikice-rikice da / ko ci gaban cuta waɗanda duka biyun suna lalata inganci da adadin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya da ke da mummunan tsinkaya na iya zama cikin bakin ciki ko kuma ba da rahoton rashin ingancin rayuwa saboda sun fahimci cewa yanayin su na iya zama m. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna da haɗarin toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyinsu wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwa.[197] Yin amfani da magungunan kashe jini irin su heparin yana rage hadarin daskarewar jini amma ba a nuna cewa yana ƙara rayuwa ga masu ciwon daji ba.[197] Mutanen da ke shan magungunan kashe jini su ma suna da hadarin zubar jini.[197] Ko da yake yana da wuyar gaske, wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, ko da daga matakin ci gaba, na iya warkewa nan da nan. Wannan al’amari ana kiransa da gafara ba tare da bata lokaci ba.[198].

== Epidemiology ==
Epidemiology: Ilimin cututtukan daji na cutar kansa Duba kuma: Jerin kasashe ta adadin kansa Duba ko gyara bayanan tushe. Adadin mace-mace masu shekaru daga cutar kansa a cikin mutane 10,000.[199] An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2018, mutane miliyan 18.1 sun kamu da cutar kansa da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 9.6 a duniya.[200] Kimanin kashi 20% na maza da 17% na mata za su kamu da cutar kansa a wani lokaci yayin da kashi 13% na maza da kashi 9% na mata za su mutu daga gare ta.[200] A cikin 2008, an gano kimanin mutane miliyan 12.7 na ciwon daji (ban da ciwon daji na fata da ba na melanoma ba da sauran cututtukan da ba sa cutarwa) [23] kuma a cikin 2010 kusan mutane miliyan 7.98 sun mutu.[201]. Ciwon daji na kusan kashi 16% na mace-mace. Mafi yawan kamar na 2018 sune ciwon huhu (mutuwar miliyan 1.76), ciwon daji na launi (860,000) ciwon ciki (780,000), ciwon hanta (780,000), da ciwon nono (620,000).[2]. Wannan ya sanya cutar sankara ta zama babban sanadin mutuwar mutane a kasashen da suka ci gaba kuma na biyu a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.[23] Fiye da rabin lokuta suna faruwa a duniya masu tasowa.[23] Mutuwar cutar kansa ya kai miliyan 5.8 a 1990.[201] Mutuwar tana karuwa da farko saboda tsawon rayuwa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa[23]. Babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa shine shekaru.[202] Ko da yake yana yiwuwa ciwon daji ya buge kowane shekaru, yawancin masu fama da ciwon daji sun haura 65.[202] A cewar Robert A. Weinberg, mai binciken ciwon daji, &quot;Idan mun rayu tsawon lokaci, ba dade ko ba dade dukanmu za mu kamu da ciwon daji.&quot; tsawon rayuwa[205] da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a cikin tsarin endocrine.[206] Tasirin tsufa akan kansa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwa kamar lalacewar DNA da kumburi da ke inganta shi da abubuwan kamar tsufa na jijiyoyin jini da canje-canjen endocrin da ke hana shi.[207]. Wasu cututtukan daji masu saurin girma suna da yawa musamman, amma galibi ba sa mutuwa. Nazarin autopsy a Turai da Asiya ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 36 cikin 100 na mutane ba a gano su ba kuma a fili ba su da cutar kansar thyroid a lokacin mutuwarsu kuma kashi 80% na maza suna kamuwa da kansar prostate ta hanyar shekaru 80.[208][209]. Kamar yadda wadannan cututtukan daji ba su haifar da mutuwar majiyyaci ba, gano su da zai wakilci cutar fiye da kima maimakon kulawar likita. Ciwon daji guda uku da aka fi sani da yara sune cutar sankarar bargo (34%), ciwan kwakwalwa (23%) da lymphomas (12%).[210]. A Amurka ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin yara 285.[211] Adadin ciwon daji na yara ya karu da kashi 0.6% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1975 zuwa 2002 a Amurka[212] da 1.1% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1978 da 1997 a Turai.[210] Mutuwar cutar kansar yara ta ragu da rabi tsakanin 1975 da 2010 a Amurka.[211]

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Clara Jacobi-Tumor.jpg|thumb|left|Zane tare da ra'ayoyi biyu na wata mata 'yar kasar Holland wacce aka cire mata wani kumburi daga wuyanta a ciki  1689]]
Tarihi: Tarihin ciwon daji Yin zane tare da ra'ayoyi guda biyu na wata mace ta Holland wadda aka cire mata ciwon daji daga wuyanta a 1689 Ciwon daji ya wanzu ga dukan tarihin ɗan adam.[213]. Rubuce-rubuce na farko game da cutar kansa daga kusan 1600 BC a cikin littafin Edwin Smith Papyrus na Masar kuma ya bayyana kansar nono.[213] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) ya bayyana nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, yana nufin su da kalmar Helenanci καρκίνος karkinos (kaguwa ko crayfish).[213]. Wannan suna ya zo ne daga bayyanar da aka yanke na wani kakkauran ciwon daji, tare da “jiyoyin da suka miqe ta kowane bangare kamar yadda dabbar kaguwa ke da kafafunta, daga nan ne aka samo sunanta”[214]. Galen ya bayyana cewa &quot;ana kiran ciwon daji na nono ne saboda kamannin kamanni da kaguwa da aka yi ta hanyar tsawaitawar ciwace-ciwacen daji da jijiyoyin da ke kusa da su&quot;.[215]: 738  Celsus (c. 25 BC – 50 AD) da aka fassara. karkinos zuwa cikin Latin kansa, kuma yana nufin kaguwa da shawarar tiyata a matsayin magani.[213]. Galen (karni na biyu AD) bai yarda da yin amfani da tiyata ba kuma ya ba da shawarar abin da ake amfani da shi a maimakon haka[213]. Wadannan shawarwarin sun tsaya tsayin daka tsawon shekaru 1000.[213] A karni na 15, 16, da 17, ya zama karbuwa ga likitoci su rarraba gawarwaki don gano musabbabin mutuwar.[216] Farfesan nan dan kasar Jamus Wilhelm Fabry ya yi imanin cewa ciwon nono na faruwa ne sakamakon wani gudanwar madara a cikin bututun mama. Farfesa dan kasar Holland Francois de la Boe Sylvius, mabiyin Descartes, ya yi imanin cewa dukkanin cututtuka sune sakamakon hanyoyin sinadarai kuma ruwan lemun tsami na acidic shine dalilin ciwon daji. Nicolaes Tulp na zamaninsa ya yi imanin cewa ciwon daji guba ne da ke yaduwa a hankali kuma ya kammala cewa yana yaduwa.[217] Likitan John Hill ya bayyana shakar taba a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar hanci a shekarar 1761.[216] Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton a shekara ta 1775 na wani likitan fida dan kasar Biritaniya Percivall Pott cewa chimney yana shafan cutar sankarau, ciwon daji na kwankwasa, cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare tsakanin sharar bututun hayaƙi.[218]. Tare da yaduwar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa a cikin karni na 18, an gano cewa 'dafin ciwon daji' ya yadu daga ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta cikin ƙwayoyin lymph zuwa wasu shafuka (&quot;metastasis&quot;). Wani likitan fiɗa na Ingila Campbell De Morgan ne ya fara tsara wannan ra'ayi na cutar tsakanin 1871 da 1874.

== Al'umma Da Al'adu ==
Al'umma da al'adu Duk da cewa cututtuka da yawa (kamar gazawar zuciya) na iya samun hasashen mafi muni fiye da mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji, ciwon daji shine batun tsoro da fargaba. Har ila yau ana amfani da lafazin “kananan rashin lafiya” na bayyana ciwon daji da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin tarihin mutuwa, maimakon sanya sunan cutar a sarari, yana nuna wani abin kunya da ya bayyana.[220] Har ila yau, ciwon daji ana kiransa &quot;kalmar C&quot;;[221] [222] [223] Macmillan Cancer Support yana amfani da kalmar don kokarin rage tsoro game da cutar.[224]. A Najeriya, wani sunan gida na kansa da ake fassarawa zuwa Turanci zuwa “cutar da ba za a iya warkewa ba”[225]. Wannan imani mai zurfi cewa ciwon daji dole ne mai wuyar gaske kuma yawanci cuta mai kisa yana nunawa a cikin tsarin da al'umma suka zaba don tattara kididdigar ciwon daji: mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji-wanda ba melanoma ba, yana lissafin kusan kashi daya bisa uku na cututtukan daji a duniya, amma kadan kaɗan ne ke mutuwa[226][227]—ba a kebe su daga kididdigar ciwon daji musamman saboda ana samun saukin bi da su kuma kusan koyaushe ana warkar da su, sau da yawa a cikin hanya ɗaya, gajeriyar hanya.[228]. Tunanin yammacin duniya game da haƙƙin marasa lafiya ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa sun haɗa da alhakin bayyana cikakken yanayin lafiyar mutum, da hakkin shiga cikin yanke shawara tare ta hanyar mutunta kimar mutum. A wasu al'adu, an fi son sauran hakkoki da ƙima. Misali, yawancin al'adun Afirka suna daraja iyalai gaba daya maimakon dabi'a. A wasu sassa na Afirka, an fi sanin cutar da a makara ta yadda ba za a iya samun magani ba, kuma idan ana samun magani, za ta yi saurin ruguza iyali. A sakamakon wadannan dalilai, masu ba da kiwon lafiya na Afirka sukan bar 'yan uwa su yanke shawara ko, lokacin da kuma yadda za a bayyana cutar, kuma suna yin hakan sannu a hankali da da'ira, yayin da mutum ya nuna sha'awa da kuma ikon jure wa mummunan labari. [225] Mutane daga kasashen Asiya da Kudancin Amurka suma sun fi son a hankali, rashin gaskiya wajen bayyanawa fiye da yadda aka tsara a Amurka da Yammacin Turai, kuma sun yi imanin cewa wani lokaci zai fi kyau kada a ba da labarin cutar sankara.[225] ] Gabadaya, bayyana cutar ta ya fi yawa fiye da yadda ake yi a karni na 20, amma ba a ba da cikakken bayanin hasashen ba ga yawancin marasa lafiya a duniya.[225] A Amurka da wasu al'adu, ana daukar cutar kansa a matsayin cuta da dole ne a &quot;yaki&quot; don kawo karshen &quot;tashe-tashen hankula&quot;; An ayyana Yaƙi akan Ciwon daji a Amurka. Misalai na soja sun zama ruwan dare musamman a cikin kwatancin illolin cutar kansa, kuma suna jaddada yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci da kuma buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa da kansa maimakon jinkirtawa, yin watsi ko dogara gaba ɗaya ga wasu. Ƙididdigar soja kuma suna taimakawa wajen tantance tsattsauran ra'ayi, magunguna masu lalata.[229][230] A cikin 1970s, wani sanannen madadin maganin ciwon daji a Amurka wani nau'i ne na maganin magana na musamman, bisa ra'ayin cewa mummunan hali ne ke haifar da kansa.[231] Mutanen da ke da &quot;ɗabi'ar ciwon daji&quot;-masu bakin ciki, dannewa, ƙiyayya da kuma tsoron bayyana motsin zuciyar su-an yi imani da cewa sun bayyana kansa ta hanyar sha'awar tunani. Wasu masu ilimin halayyar dan adam sun ce maganin da zai canza tunanin majiyyaci game da rayuwa zai magance cutar kansa[231]. Daga cikin illolin, wannan imani ya baiwa al'umma damar zargin wanda aka azabtar da shi da ya haddasa cutar daji (ta hanyar &quot;son&quot; ta) ko hana maganinta (ta rashin zama cikakkiyar farin ciki, marar tsoro da ƙauna).[232]. Hakanan yana kara damuwa ga marasa lafiya, yayin da suka yi imani da kuskure cewa motsin rai na bakin ciki, fushi ko tsoro yana rage rayuwarsu.[232] Susan Sontag ta yi wa ra’ayin ba’a, wadda ta buga Illness as Metaphor yayin da take murmurewa daga maganin cutar kansar nono a 1978.[231]. Ko da yake ainihin ra'ayin yanzu gabaɗaya ana daukarsa azaman banza, ra'ayin wani kan pe

== Tasirin Tattalin Arziki ==
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki Jimillar kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya kan cutar daji a Amurka an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 80.2 a shekarar 2015.[234] Ko da yake kashe kudin kula da lafiya da ke da alaqa ya karu da cikakkiyar ma'ana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rabon kuɗin kiwon lafiya da aka keɓe don maganin cutar kansa ya kasance kusa da 5% tsakanin 1960s da 2004.[235][236]. An yi irin wannan tsari a Turai inda kusan kashi 6% na duk abin da ake kashewa na kula da lafiya ana kashewa wajen maganin ciwon daji[237][238]. Baya ga kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya da guba na kudi, ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi kai tsaye ta hanyar asarar yawan aiki saboda kwanakin rashin lafiya, rashin karfi na dindindin da nakasa gami da mutuwa da wuri a lokacin aiki. Ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi don kulawa na yau da kullun. Farashin kai tsaye da kuma farashin kulawa na yau da kullun ana kiyasta zai wuce ko daidai da kudin kula da lafiya na kansa.[239][238] 

== Wurin Aiki ==
an hada ciwon daji a matsayin yanayin kariya ta Hukumar Daidaita Ayyukan Aiki (EEOC), musamman saboda yuwuwar cutar kansa da ke da tasirin wariya ga ma'aikata.[240] Wariya a wurin aiki na iya faruwa idan mai aiki ya yi imanin karya cewa mai ciwon daji ba zai iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata ba, kuma yana iya neman ƙarin izinin rashin lafiya fiye da sauran ma'aikata. Har ila yau, masu ɗaukan ma'aikata na iya yin yanke shawara na haya ko kora bisa rashin fahimta game da nakasa ciwon daji, idan akwai. EEOC yana ba da jagororin tambayoyi ga masu daukar aiki, da kuma jerin abubuwan da za a iya magance su don tantancewa da saukar ma'aikatan da ke fama da cutar kansa.[240]

== Bincike ==
[[File:UF_CancerHospital.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[University of Florida Cancer Hospital]]]]
Bincike: Jami'ar Binciken Ciwon daji na Asibitin Cancer na Florida Domin ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka, [241][242] da wuya a sami &quot;maganin ciwon daji&quot; fiye da yadda za a sami magani guda daya don dukkan cututtuka masu yaduwa.[243] An tada tunanin masu hana Angiogenesis ba daidai ba suna da yuwuwar a matsayin maganin &quot;harsashi na azurfa&quot; da ke dacewa da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa.[244] Ana amfani da masu hana Angiogenesis da sauran magungunan ciwon daji a hade don rage cutar kansa da mace-mace.[245]. Ana nazarin magungunan ciwon daji na gwaji a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don kwatanta maganin da aka tsara zuwa mafi kyawun magani. Ana iya gwada magungunan da suka yi nasara a nau'in ciwon daji guda ɗaya da sauran nau'ikan.[246] Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike don inganta ingantattun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga majiyyatan da suka dace, dangane da ilimin halittarsu daya[247]. Binciken ciwon daji yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa masu zuwa: Ma'aikata (misali kwayoyin cuta) da abubuwan da suka faru (misali maye gurbi) wadanda ke haifar ko saukake canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka kaddara su zama ciwon daji. Madaidaicin yanayin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halittar da ya shafa. Sakamakon wadancan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta akan ilimin halitta na tantanin halitta, duka a cikin samar da ma'anar kaddarorin kwayar cutar kansa da kuma saukake ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar kansa. Ingantacciyar fahimtar ilmin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta saboda binciken cutar kansa ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa tun lokacin da shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya ayyana &quot;Yakin Ciwon daji&quot; a 1971. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasar ta kashe sama da dala biliyan 200 kan binciken cutar kansa, ciki har da albarkatu daga sassa na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu[248]. Adadin mutuwar ciwon daji (daidaita girman da shekarun yawan jama'a) ya ragu da kashi biyar tsakanin 1950 zuwa 2005.[249] Gasar don albarkatun kudi da alama ta danne kirkira, hadin gwiwa, hadarin hadari da tunanin asali da ake bukata don yin bincike na asali, ba tare da kin yarda da bincike mai karancin hadari cikin kananan hadaka havakawa sama da hadari, karin ingantaccen bincike. Sauran sakamakon gasa da alama karatu ne da yawa tare da ikirari masu ban mamaki waɗanda ba za a iya maimaita sakamakon su ba da kuma karkatattun abubuwan karfafawa wadanda ke karfafa cibiyoyin bayar da tallafi don hadaka ba tare da yin isassun jari a cikin ikonsu da wuraren aikinsu ba.[250][251][252][253] Virotherapy, wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana nazarin. Sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19, an sami damuwa cewa bincike da jiyya na cutar daji suna raguwa.[254][255]

== Juna Biyu ==
Ciwon daji na Ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin 1,000 mata masu juna biyu. Mafi yawan ciwon daji da ake samu a lokacin daukar ciki iri daya ne da na ciwon daji da ake samu a cikin mata marasa ciki a lokacin haihuwa: kansar nono, kansar mahaifa, cutar sankarar mahaifa, lymphoma, melanoma, kansar kwai da kuma ciwon daji[256]. Gano sabon ciwon daji a cikin mace mai ciki yana da wahala, a wani bangare saboda duk wani alamun da aka saba dauka a matsayin rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullun da ke da alaqa da ciki. A sakamakon haka, ciwon daji yawanci ana gano shi a wani dan lokaci kadan fiye da matsakaici. Wasu hanyoyin hoto, irin su MRIs (hoton maganadisu na maganadisu), CT scans, duban dan tayi da mammograms tare da garkuwar tayin ana daukar lafiya yayin daukar ciki; wasu kamar su PET scans, ba su kasance ba.[256] Magani gabaɗaya iri daya ne da na mata marasa ciki. Duk da haka, ana guje wa radiation da magungunan rediyo yayin daukar ciki, musamman idan adadin tayin zai iya wuce 100 cGy. A wasu lokuta, ana jinkirta wasu ko duka jiyya har sai bayan haihuwa idan an gano ciwon daji a karshen ciki. Ana amfani da bayarwa da wuri don ciyar da farkon jiyya. Tiyata gabadaya ba ta da lafiya, amma tiyatar kashin gugu a farkon watanni uku na iya haifar da zubar da ciki. Wasu jiyya, musamman wasu magungunan chemotherapy da aka bayar yayin datsa na farko

== Sauran Dabbobi ==
Likitan dabbobi, wanda ya fi maida hankali kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, kwarewa ce mai girma a cikin kasashe masu arziki kuma ana iya ba da manyan nau'ikan jiyya na dan adam kamar tiyata da rediyo. Mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwon daji sun bambanta, amma nauyin kansar yana da alama aqalla yana da girma a cikin dabbobi kamar na mutane. Dabbobi, yawanci rodents, galibi ana amfani da su wajen bincike kan cutar kansa kuma nazarin cututtukan daji a cikin manyan dabbobi na iya amfanar bincike kan kansar ɗan adam.[257] A cikin wadanda ba mutane ba, an bayyana wasu nau'o'in ciwon daji masu yaduwa, inda ciwon daji ke yaduwa tsakanin dabbobi ta hanyar watsa kwayoyin ciwon daji da kansu. Ana ganin wannan al'amari a cikin karnuka masu ciwon sarcoma na Sticker (wanda kuma aka sani da canine transmissible venereal tumor), da kuma shaidanun Tasmania masu fama da ciwon fuska na shaidan (DFTD).

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Cigaba da karatu ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bast |first1=Robert C. |last2=Croe |first2=Carlo M. |last3=Hait |first3=William N. |last4=Hong |first4=Waun Ki |last5=Kufe |first5=Donald W. |last6=Piccart-Gebhart |first6=Martine |last7=Pollock |first7=Raphael E. |last8=Weichselbaum |first8=Ralph R. |last9=Yang |first9=Hongwang |last10=Holland |first10=James F. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=onCBjwEACAAJ}} |year=2016 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-93469-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Kleinsmith |first=Lewis J. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Principles of cancer biology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LKVrAAAAMAAJ}}|year=2006|publisher=Pearson Benjamin Cummings|isbn=978-0-8053-4003-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Siddhartha |author-link=Siddhartha Mukherjee |title=The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer |year=2010 |publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-0795-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/emperorofallmala00mukh |access-date=7 August 2013 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Pazdur | first1 = Richard | last2 = Camphausen | first2 = Kevin A. | last3 = Wagman | first3 = Lawrence D. | last4 = Hoskins | first4 = William J.| name-list-style = vanc |title=Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach | year=2009 | publisher = Cmp United Business Media | isbn = 978-1-891483-62-2 | url = http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515031918/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-date = 15 May 2009 | id = {{google books |id=wbLnPAAACAAJ}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Schwab |first=Manfred | name-list-style = vanc |title=Encyclopedia of Cancer |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=mLUEf1kbbDgC}}|year= 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-36847-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Tannock |first=Ian | name-list-style = vanc |title=The basic science of oncology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Bb4F4pj2BdYC}}|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-138774-3}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Cutar daji]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Secondary tumor deposits in the liver from a primary cancer of the pancreas.jpg|thumb|Ciwon daji]]
[[Fayil:Sri Sankara TV Logo.png|thumb|sankara]]
'''Ciwon Daji''' rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke tattare da hadakar kwayoyin halitta ''(cell)'' mara kyau, tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer&quot;. ''World Health Organization''. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=28 March 2018|date=17 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan sun bambanta da ciwace-ciwacen daji, wanda ba su yaduwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; Alamun cutar ya hada da dungulewa, zub da jini mara kyau, tari mai tsawo, rama da canji a cikin [[Bahaya|motsin hanji]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Cancer – Signs and symptoms&quot;. ''NHS Choices''. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake wadannan cuwuka suna iya nuna akamun ciwon daji, suna iya wani cutan na daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Akwai sama da [[Jerin Nau'ikan Ciwon Daji|nau'ikan ciwukan daji guda 100]] da ke shafar mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot; /&gt; 

[[Shan taba]] shine Kuma sanadin kusan kashi 22% na mace-mace ta hanyar cutar daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer/Pages/Symptoms.aspx |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2014-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608104550/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/cancer/Pages/symptoms.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran kashi 10% kuma yana faruwa ne saboda kiba, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, rashin motsa jiki ko yawan shan barasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Obesity and Cancer Risk|url=http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=4 July 2015|date=3 January 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704154440/http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3|archive-date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Jayasekara H, MacInnis RJ, Room R, English DR|title=Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Breast, Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|journal=Alcohol and Alcoholism|volume=51|issue=3|pages=315–30|date=May 2016|pmid=26400678|doi=10.1093/alcalc/agv110|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran abubuwan sun hada da wasu cututtuka, da fallasa hasken ionizing, da gurbataccen muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kashi 15 cikin 100 na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda cututtuka irin su ''Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human papillomavirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus da Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ciwon huhu]]&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan abubuwan suna aiki, akalla, ta hanyar canza kwayoyin halittar tantanin halitta. Yawanci, ana bukatar yawan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta kafin ciwon daji ya taso. Kusan kashi 5-10% na cututtukan daji na faruwa ne saboda illar gado. Ana kuma iya gano cutar sankara ta wasu alamu da alamomi ko gwaje-gwajen tantancewa. Sa'an nan yawanci ana cigaba da bincike ta hanyar hoton asibiti kuma ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ''biopsy''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=How is cancer diagnosed?|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|website=American Cancer Society|date=29 January 2013|access-date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120018/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/testingbiopsyandcytologyspecimensforcancer/testing-biopsy-and-cytology-specimens-for-cancer-how-is-cancer-diagnosed|archive-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ana iya rage hadarin habakar wasu cututtukan daji ta hanyar rashin shan taba, kiyaye lafiyar kiba, iyakance yawan shan barasa, yawan cin [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]], [[dan'ice|'ya'yan itatuwa]], da cin sitaci,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Mathers|first1=John C.|last2=CAPP 2 investigators|title=Cancer prevention with resistant starch in Lynch Syndrome patients in the CAPP2-randomized placebo controlled trial: planned 10-year follow-up|journal=Cancer Prevention Journal|date=1 September 2022|volume=15|issue=9|pages=623–634|doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044|pmid=35878732|pmc=9433960|url=https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-13|title=Cancer Symptoms: THESE symptoms are common in 5 types of cancers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/these-symptoms-are-common-in-5-types-of-cancers/photostory/96194648.cms|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; da dukan hatsi, [[Alluran rigakafi|rigakafi]] da wasu cututtuka masu yaduwa, iyakance cin nama da aka sarrafa da jan name, da iyakance yawan shiga hasken rana kai tsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kushi2012&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T|s2cid=2067308|title=American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ca-a-cancer-journal-for-clinicians_january-february-2012_62_1/page/30|journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians|volume=62|issue=1|pages=30–67|year=2012|pmid=22237782|doi=10.3322/caac.20140|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC|title=16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010|journal=British Journal of Cancer|volume=105|issue=Suppl 2|pages=S77–81|date=December 2011|pmid=22158327|pmc=3252065|doi=10.1038/bjc.2011.489}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gano cutar da wuri ta hanyar dubawa yana da amfani ga [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]] na mahaifa da na launi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WCR2014Scr&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-832-0429-9|url=http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|pages=Chapter 4.7|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/|archive-date=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai sabani dangane da muhammancin gwajin cutar sankarar nono.&lt;ref name=&quot;Got2013&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ|title=Screening for breast cancer with mammography|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2013|issue=6|pages=CD001877|date=June 2013|pmid=23737396|pmc=6464778|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin lokaci ana bi da kansa tare da wasu hadewar maganin ''radiation'', tiyata, ''chemotherapy'' da maganin da aka yi niyya . Radadi da kulawa da alamu sune muhimmin sashi na kulawa. Kulawa da jin dadi yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da cigaba.  Damar tsira ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da girman cutar a farkon jiyya.  A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 a lokacin ganewar asali, adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar a cikin duniya da suka cigaba yana kan matsakaicin 80%.  Ga ciwon daji a Amurka, matsakaicin adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar shine 66%. 

A cikin shekara ta 
2015, kusan mutane miliyan 90.5 sun kamu da cutar kansa.  Ya zuwa 2019, kusan sabbin maganganu miliyan 18 na faruwa a shekara.  A kowace shekara, ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane miliyan 8.8 (15.7% na mace-mace ).  Mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji a cikin maza sune [[Ciwon huhun daji|ciwon huhu]], [[Ciwon daji na prostate|ciwon prostate]], [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji]], da ciwon ciki .  A cikin mata, nau'o'in da aka fi sani da shi sune ciwon nono, ciwon daji, ciwon huhu, da ciwon mahaifa.  Idan [[ciwon daji na fata]] banda melanoma ya kasance cikin sabbin cututtukan daji kowace shekara, zai kai kusan kashi 40% na lokuta.   A cikin yara, cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphoblastic da kuma ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa sun fi yawa, sai dai a Afirka, inda lymphoma ba Hodgkin ke faruwa sau da yawa.  A cikin shekara ta 2012, kimanin yara 165,000 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 sun kamu da ciwon daji.  Haarin cutar kansa yana ƙaruwa sosai da shekaru, kuma yawancin cututtukan daji suna faruwa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Yawan kudi yana karuwa yayin da mutane da yawa ke rayuwa har zuwa tsufa kuma yayin da canje-canjen salon rayuwa ke faruwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.  A kudi halin kaka na ciwon daji aka kiyasta a 1,16 tiriliyan USD a kowace shekara {{As of|2010}}.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Cancer.webm|thumbtime=0:32|thumb|Video summary (script)]]

== '''Asalin kalma da ma'anoni''' ==
Kalmar ta fito daga tsohuwar Girkanci καρκίνος, ma'ana ''kaguwa'' da ''ƙari'' . Likitocin Girka '''Hippocrates''' da '''Galen''', da sauransu, sun lura da kamannin kaguwa da wasu ciwace-ciwacen daji masu kumbura. An gabatar da kalmar a Turanci a ma'anar likitancin zamani a kusa da 1600. 

Ciwon daji ya kunshi babban iyali na cututtuka wadanda suka hada da hadakar kwayar sel mara kyau tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Suna samar da wani yanki na ''neoplasms'' . '''Neoplasm''' ko kari wani rukuni ne na kwayoyin '''sel''' wadanda suka sami girma mara tsari kuma galibi za su samar da taro ko dunkule, amma ana iya rarraba su a fili.  

Duk kwayoyin kari suna nuna alamomi shida na ciwon daji . Ana buƙatar waɗannan halaye don samar da kwayar cuta mara kyau. Sun hada da: 

* Girman cikin halitta da rarrabuwa ba su da sigina masu dacewa
* Cigaba da girma da rarrabuwa har ma da aka ba da sigina sabani
* Gujewa shirin mutuwar kwayar halitta
* Mara iyaka na sassan '''sel'''
* Haɓaka ginin magudanar jini
* Mamaye nama da samuwar metastases 

Cigaba daga '''sel''' na yau da kullun zuwa '''sel''' waɗanda zasu iya samar da adadin da za'a iya ganowa zuwa kansa kai tsaye ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa da aka sani da cigaba mara kyau.

== Alamomi da alamomi ==
 
[[File:Symptoms_of_cancer_metastasis.svg|thumb| Alamomin ciwon daji na metastasis sun dogara ne akan wurin da kari yake.]]
Lokacin da ciwon daji ya fara, ba ya haifar da alamun. Alamomi da alamomi suna bayyana yayin da taro ke girma ko ciwon ciki . Sakamakon binciken ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da wurin da yake ciki. 'Yan alamun suna da takamaiman . Yawancin lokuta suna faruwa a cikin mutane wadanda ke da wasu yanayi. Ciwon daji na iya zama da wahala a gano shi kuma ana iya daukarsa a matsayin &quot; babban mai koyi .&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutane na iya zama cikin damuwa ko damuwa bayan an gano cutar. Hadarin kashe kansa a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon daji ya kusan ninki biyu. 

=== Alamomin gida ===
Alamomin gida na iya faruwa saboda yawan kwayar cuta ko gyambonta. Alal misali, sakamako mai yawa daga ciwon huhu na huhu zai iya toshe bronchus wanda ke haifar da tari ko ciwon huhu ; Ciwon daji na esophageal zai iya haifar da kunkuntar esophagus, yana sa ya zama mai wuya ko mai radadi don hadiye; kuma [[Ciwon daji mai launi|ciwon daji na launi na]] iya haifar da raguwa ko toshewa a cikin hanji, yana shafar dabi'un hanji. Talakawa a cikin kirjin ko kwaya na iya haifar da kullu mai gani. Ulceration na iya haifar da zubar jini wanda zai iya haifar da alamomi kamar [[Tari jini|tari na jini]] (ciwon daji), [[Rashin jini|anemia]] ko zubar da jini na dubura (ciwon daji), jini a cikin fitsari (ciwon mafitsara), ko zubar da jini na al'ada (endometrial ko cervical cancer). Kodayake ciwo na gida yana iya faruwa a cikin ciwon daji mai ci gaba, kwayar farko ba ta da zafi. Wasu ciwon daji na iya haifar da tarin ruwa a cikin kirji ko ciki . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alamomin tsari ===
Alamun tsarin na iya faruwa saboda amsawar jiki ga ciwon daji. Wannan na iya hadawa da gajiya, asarar nauyi ba da gangan ba, ko canjin fata.  Wasu cututtuka na iya haifar da tsarin kumburi na tsarin da ke haifar da asarar tsoka da rauni mai gudana, wanda aka sani da cachexia . 

Wasu nau'in ciwon daji kamar cutar Hodgkin, cutar sankarar bargo da [[ciwon daji na hanta]] ko koda na iya haifar da zazzabi mai tsayi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Card10&quot;&gt;Holland Chp. 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasu bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon daji suna haifar da hormones ko wasu kwayoyin halitta da kwayar cuta ta haifar, wanda aka sani da paraneoplastic syndromes . Ciwon daji na paraneoplastic na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hypercalcemia wanda zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, makarkashiya da bushewa, ko hyponatremia wanda kuma zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin tunani, amai, ciwon kai ko faduwa. 

=== Metastasis ===
 
Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya metastasize. Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya daidaita.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is Metastasized Cancer2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is Metastasized Cancer?|url=http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|website=National Comprehensive Cancer Network|access-date=18 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707200430/http://www.nccn.com/component/content/article/54-cancer-basics/925-what-is-metastasized-cancer.html|archive-date=7 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Da hankula matakai a metastasis ne gida mamayewa, intravasation a cikin jini, ko Lymph, wurare dabam dabam a cikin jiki, extravasation cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da kuma angiogenesis . Daban-daban nau'ikan cututtukan daji suna yin kaura zuwa ga wasu gabobin, amma gabadaya wuraren da aka fi sani da metastases su ne huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa da kasusuwa .

== Dalilai ==
[[File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|thumb|Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa]]
[[File:Share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco.png|thumb|upright=1.6|Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Share of cancer deaths attributed to tobacco |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-cancer-deaths-attributed-to-tobacco |website=Our World in Data |access-date=5 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Babban labarin: Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji Hoton GHS Hazard don abubuwan cutar kansa Rabon mutuwar ciwon daji da aka danganta da taba a cikin shekara ta 2016. Yawancin ciwon daji, wasu kashi 90-95% na lokuta, suna faruwa ne saboda sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta daga abubuwan muhalli da salon rayuwa. Ragowar kashi 5-10 cikin 100 na gado ne. Muhalli yana nufin duk wani abu da ba a gada ba, kamar salon rayuwa, tattalin arziki, da halaye ba kawai gurbatacce ba[38]. Abubuwan muhalli na gama gari waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwar kansa sun haɗa da shan taba (25-30%), abinci da kiba (30-35%), cututtuka (15-20%), radiation (duka ionizing da rashin ionizing, har zuwa 10%). , rashin motsa jiki, da gurbacewa.[3][39] Danniya na ilimin halin dan Adam baya bayyana a matsayin wani abu mai hadari ga farkon ciwon daji,  ko da yake yana iya tsananta sakamako a cikin wadanda ke da ciwon daji. Ba a yiwuwa a gabadaya a tabbatar da abin da ya haifar da wani ciwon daji saboda dalilai daban-daban ba su da takamaiman alamun yatsa. Misali, idan mutumin da ke shan taba ya kamu da cutar kansar huhu, to mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar amfani da taba, amma da yake kowa yana da dan karamin damar kamuwa da cutar kansar huhu sakamakon gurbataccen iska ko radiation, ciwon daji na iya tasowa saboda daya daga cikin wadannan dalilai. Sai dai cututtukan da ba kasafai suke faruwa ba tare da masu juna biyu da masu ba da gudummawar gabobin jiki lokaci-lokaci, ciwon daji gabadaya ba cuta ce mai iya yaɗuwa ba,  duk da haka abubuwan da ka iya haifar da ci gaban ciwon daji na iya yaduwa; irin su oncoviruses kamar hepatitis B, cutar Epstein-Barr da HIV.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity/obesity-fact-sheet#q3&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sinadarai ==
[[File:Cancer smoking lung cancer correlation from NIH.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba.]]
Sinadaran bkrin bayani: Barasa da ciwon daji da shan taba da ciwon daji Yawan cutar kansar huhu yana da alaqa sosai da shan taba. An danganta bayyanar da wasu abubuwa na musamman da takamaiman nau'in ciwon daji. Wadannan abubuwa ana kiran su carcinogens. Shan taba, alal misali, yana haifar da kashi 90% na cutar kansar huhu. Har ila yau yana haifar da ciwon daji a cikin makogwaro, kai, wuya, ciki, mafitsara, koda, esophagus da pancreas. Hayakin taba ya qunshi fiye da hamsin sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da nitrosamines da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Taba yana da alhakin kusan daya cikin biyar na mutuwar cutar kansa a duniya da kusan ɗaya cikin uku a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba. Yawan mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a Amurka ya yi kama da tsarin shan taba, tare da karuwar shan taba tare da karuwa mai ban mamaki a cikin adadin mutuwar cutar kansar huhu kuma, kwanan nan, raguwar yawan shan taba tun shekarun 1950 ya biyo bayan raguwar mutuwar cutar kansar huhu a cikin maza tun 1990. A Yammacin Turai, kashi 10% na ciwon daji na maza da kashi 3% na ciwon daji na mata ana danganta su da shan barasa, musamman ciwon hanta da na narkewar abinci. Ciwon daji daga bayyanar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da aiki na iya haifar da tsakanin 2 zuwa 20% na lokuta,  yana haifar da aƙalla mutuwar 200,000. Ciwon daji kamar kansar huhu da mesothelioma na iya fitowa daga shakar hayakin taba ko filayen asbestos, ko cutar sankarar bargo daga kamuwa da benzene. Fuskantar perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen samar da Teflon, an san yana haifar da ciwon daji iri biyu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abinci Da Motsa Jiki ==
Abinci da motsa jiki: Abinci da ciwon daji Abinci, rashin motsa jiki da kiba suna da alaka da kusan kashi 30-35% na mutuwar ciwon daji. A cikin Amurka, yawan nauyin jiki yana da alaqa da habaka nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa kuma yana da tasiri a cikin 14-20% na mutuwar ciwon daji.Wani bincike na Burtaniya wanda ya hada da bayanai kan mutane sama da miliyan 5 ya nuna mafi girman kididdigar jiki da ke da alaqa da akalla nau'ikan ciwon daji guda 10 kuma ke da alhakin kusan cututtukan 12,000 kowace shekara a cikin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2013-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802043732/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/geneticsandcancer/heredity-and-cancer |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi imanin rashin aiki na jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga hadarin ciwon daji, ba kawai ta hanyar tasirinsa akan nauyin jiki ba har ma ta hanyar mummunan tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi da tsarin endocrine.[54]. Fiye da rabin abin da ke haifar da abinci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki (cin abinci da yawa), maimakon cin kayan lambu da yawa ko wasu abinci masu lafiya. Wasu takamaiman abinci suna da alaqa da takamaiman cututtukan daji. Cin abinci mai yawan gishiri yana da alaka da ciwon daji na ciki&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cancer_Society&lt;/ref&gt;. Aflatoxin B1, mai yawan gurɓatar abinci, yana haifar da ciwon hanta. Taunar goro na iya haifar da kansar baki. Bambance-bambancen kasa a cikin ayyukan abinci na iya yin bayanin bambance-bambance a cikin abin da ya faru na kansa. Misali, ciwon daji na ciki ya fi zama ruwan dare a Japan saboda yawan abinci mai gishiri yayin da ciwon hanji ya fi yawa a Amurka. Bayanan ciwon daji na bakin haure suna kwatanta na sabuwar kasarsu, sau da yawa a cikin tsara kaya. 

== Kamuwa Da Cuta ==


Kamuwa da cuta: Abubuwan da ke kamuwa da cutar daji A duk duniya kusan kashi 18% na mutuwar kansa yana da alaqa da cututtuka masu yaduwa.[Wannan rabo ya tashi daga babban kashi 25% a Afirka zuwa kasa da kashi 10% a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Kwayoyin cuta sune cututtuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon daji amma kwayoyin cutar kansa da kwayoyin cuta na iya taka rawa. Oncoviruses (kwayoyin cutar da za su iya haifar da ciwon daji) sun hada da papillomavirus na mutum (ciwon daji na mahaifa), cutar Epstein-Barr (cututtukan lymphoproliferative B-cell da nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (Kaposi's sarcoma da primary effusion lymphomas), hepatitis B da hepatitis C ƙwayoyin cuta. hepatocellular carcinoma) da kuma ɗan adam T-cell cutar sankarar bargo-1 (T-cell leukemias). Har ila yau ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kara hadarin ciwon daji, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ciwon daji na Helicobacter pylori wanda ke haifar da ciwon ciki.[59][60]. Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji sun hada da Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) da hanta flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini da Clonorchis sinensis (cholangiocarcinoma).&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.3322%2Fcaac.20140&lt;/ref&gt;

== Radiation ==
Radiation: Ciwon daji da ke haifar da radiation Fitar da hasken wuta kamar hasken ultraviolet da kayan aikin rediyo abu ne mai hadari ga kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252065&lt;/ref&gt; Yawancin cututtukan daji waɗanda ba melanoma ba suna faruwa ne saboda hasken ultraviolet, galibi daga hasken rana.[63] Tushen ionizing radiation sun haɗa da hoton likita da radon gas.[63] Ionizing radiation ba mutagen mai karfi ba ne musamman.[65] Fuskantar wurin zama ga iskar radon, alal misali, yana da hadarin kansa iri daya kamar shan taba.[65] Radiation shine tushen ciwon daji mafi karfi idan aka haɗa shi da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa, kamar radon da hayakin taba.[65] Radiation zai iya haifar da ciwon daji a yawancin sassan jiki, a cikin dukan dabbobi da kuma kowane shekaru. Yara suna da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo wanda ke haifar da radiation sau biyu kamar manya; Fitar da radiation kafin haihuwa yana da tasirin sau goma.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464778&lt;/ref&gt; Amfani da likitanci na ionizing radiation karami ne amma girma tushen cututtukan daji da ke haifar da radiation. Ana iya amfani da radiation ionizing don magance wasu cututtuka, amma wannan yana iya, a wasu lokuta, ya haifar da nau'i na ciwon daji na biyu.[65] Hakanan ana amfani da shi a wasu nau'ikan hoton likita.[66] Tsawaita bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet daga rana na iya haifar da cutar sankarau da sauran cututtukan fata.[67] Tabbatacciyar shaida ta tabbatar da hasken ultraviolet, musamman ma matsakaitan igiyar ruwa ta UVB, a matsayin sanadin mafi yawan cututtukan daji na fata wadanda ba melanoma ba, wadanda sune nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a duniya.[67] Rashin ionizing mitar rediyo daga wayar hannu, watsa wutar lantarki da sauran makamantansu an bayyana su a matsayin yiwuwar cutar sankara ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don Bincike kan Ciwon daji[68]. Hujja kuwa, ba ta goyi bayan wata damuwa ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20170712114430/http://www.searo.who.int/publications/bookstore/documents/9283204298/en/&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya hada da cewa binciken bai sami daidaito tsakanin radiation wayar hannu da haɗarin ciwon daji ba 

== Gado ==
Gado: Ciwon daji Mafi yawan ciwon daji ba na gado ba ne (na lokaci-lokaci). Ciwon daji na gado yana haifar da asali ne ta hanyar lahani na gado. Kasa da kashi 0.3 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a sune masu dauke da maye gurbi wanda ke da babban tasiri kan hadarin kansa kuma yana haifar da kasa da kashi 3-10 na cutar kansa.&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-cancerbio-030419-033612&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka sun haɗa da: wasu maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halitta BRCA1 da BRCA2 tare da fiye da 75% hadarin ciwon nono da ciwon daji na ovarian, [71] da kuma ciwon daji na nonpolyposis colorectal (HNPCC ko Lynch syndrome), wanda ke cikin kusan 3. % na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji, [72] da sauransu. Bisa kididdigar da ciwon daji ke haifar da mafi yawan mace-mace, hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar launin fata lokacin da aka gano dangi na farko (iyaye, dan'uwa ko yaro) yana da kusan 2.[73]. Hadarin dangi daidai shine 1.5 don kansar huhu, [74] da 1.9 don kansar prostate.[75]. Ga ciwon nono, haɗarin dangi shine 1.8 tare da dangi na farko wanda ya hadaka shi yana da shekaru 50 ko sama da haka, da 3.3 lokacin da dangin ya hadaka shi lokacin yana kasa da shekaru 50.[76]. Mutane masu tsayi suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa saboda suna da ƙwayoyin sel fiye da gajerun mutane. Tunda tsayin daka ya kayyade ta hanyar gado mai yawa, mutane masu tsayi suna da haɓakar haɗarin cutar kansa. 

== Wakilan Jiki ==
Wakilan jiki Wasu abubuwa suna haifar da cutar kansa ta hanyar zahiri, maimakon sinadarai.[78] Babban misali na wannan shine tsawaita bayyanar da asbestos, filayen ma'adinai da ke faruwa a zahiri wadanda sune babban dalilin mesothelioma (ciwon daji na serous membrane) yawanci serous membrane kewaye da huhu.[78] Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nau'in, ciki har da abubuwan da ke faruwa a zahiri da kuma sinadarai masu kama da asbestos na roba, irin su wollastonite, attapulgite, ulun gilashi da ulun dutse, an yi imanin suna da irin wannan tasirin.[78] Abubuwan da ba su da fibrous wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji sun haɗa da cobalt na karfe na karfe da nickel da silica crystalline (quartz, cristobalite da tridymite).[78]. Yawancin lokaci, carcinogens na jiki dole ne su shiga cikin jiki (kamar ta hanyar numfashi) kuma suna buƙatar shekaru masu yawa don haifar da ciwon daji.[78]. Rashin raunin jiki da ke haifar da kansa ba ya da yawa.[79] Da'awar cewa karya kasusuwa yana haifar da ciwon daji, misali, ba a tabbatar da hakan ba.[79] Hakazalika, ba a yarda da raunin jiki a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar mahaifa, ciwon nono ko kansar kwakwalwa.[79] Ɗaya daga cikin tushen da aka yarda shine akai-akai, aikace-aikacen dogon lokaci na abubuwa masu zafi zuwa jiki. Mai yiyuwa ne a ce yawan kone-kone da ake yi a sassan jiki guda, kamar wanda ake samar da na’urorin dumama na kanger da na kairo (masu dumin hannu na garwashi), na iya haifar da cutar kansar fata, musamman idan akwai sinadarai masu dauke da cutar sankara.[79] Yawan shan shayi mai zafi yana iya haifar da ciwon daji na hanji[79]. Gabadaya, an yi imanin cewa ciwon daji yana tasowa, ko kuma ana karfafa ciwon daji da ya riga ya kasance, yayin aikin warkarwa, maimakon raunin da ya faru kai tsaye.[79] Koyaya, maimaita raunin da aka samu ga kyallen takarda iri ɗaya na iya hadakar kwayoyin sel da yawa, wanda hakan na iya ƙara yuwuwar maye gurbi mai cutar kansa. An yi hasashen kumburi na yau da kullun don haifar da maye gurbi kai tsaye.[79][80] Kumburi na iya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwa, rayuwa, angiogenesis da ƙaura na ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ta hanyar tasiri microenvironment na tumor.[81][82]. Oncogenes suna gina microenvironment pro-tumorigenic mai kumburi.

== Hormones ==


Hormones Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna taka rawa wajen bunkasa ciwon daji ta hanyar inganta yaduwar kwayar halitta.[84] Abubuwan haɓaka kamar insulin da sunadaran da ke ɗaure su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, bambance-bambance da apoptosis, suna nuna yiwuwar shiga cikin carcinogenesis.[85]. Hormones sune muhimman abubuwa a cikin cututtukan daji masu alaƙa da jima'i, kamar kansar nono, endometrium, prostate, ovary da testis da kuma ciwon daji na thyroid da kansar ƙashi.[84] Misali, 'ya'yan mata masu fama da ciwon nono suna da adadin isrogen da progesterone da yawa fiye da 'yan matan mata masu ciwon nono. Wadannan matakan hormone masu girma na iya yin bayanin haɗarin da ke tattare da cutar kansar nono, ko da idan babu kwayar cutar kansar nono.[84] Hakazalika, mazan kakannin Afirka suna da matakan girma na testosterone fiye da mazan zuriyar Turai kuma suna da mafi girman matakin cutar kansar prostate.[84] Maza daga zuriyar Asiya, tare da mafi karancin matakan testosterone-activating androstanediol glucuronide, suna da mafi ƙarancin matakan ciwon daji na prostate.[84] Sauran abubuwan da suka dace: masu kiba suna da matakan girma na wasu kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji da kuma mafi girman adadin wadannan cututtukan.[84]. Matan da suke shan maganin maye gurbin hormone suna da babban hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar da ke da alaqa da wadannan kwayoyin cutar.[84] A gefe guda kuma, mutanen da suke motsa jiki fiye da matsakaici suna da kananan matakan waɗannan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna rage haɗarin ciwon daji.[84]. Osteosarcoma na iya haɓaka ta hanyar hormones girma.[84] Wasu jiyya da hanyoyin rigakafin suna yin amfani da wannan dalili ta hanyar rage matakan hormone ta hanyar wucin gadi da kuma hana cututtukan daji masu saurin kamuwa da hormone.[84]

== Cututtukan autoimmune ==
Akwai wata gungiya tsakanin cutar celiac da kara hadarin duk ciwon daji. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac da ba a kula da su ba suna da haɗari mafi girma, amma wannan hadarin yana raguwa tare da lokaci bayan ganewar asali da kuma kulawa mai tsanani, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙaddamar da abinci marar yisti, wanda ke da alama yana da rawar kariya daga ci gaban malignancy a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac. . Duk da haka, jinkirin ganewar asali da farawa na cin abinci marar yisti yana ƙara haɗarin malignancies.[86] Yawan ciwon daji na gastrointestinal yana karuwa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Crohn da ulcerative colitis, saboda kumburi na kullum. Har ila yau, immunomodulators da kwayoyin halitta da ake amfani da su don magance wadannan cututtuka na iya inganta hadakar cututtuka na hanji.

== Pathophysiology ==
[[File:Cancer requires multiple mutations from NIHen.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi.  Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan.]]
Pathophysiology: Carcinogenesis Ciwon daji na faruwa ne sakamakon jerin maye gurbi. Kowane maye gurbi yana canza halin tantanin halitta kaɗan. Genetics Babban labarin: Oncogenomics Ciwon daji cuta ce ta asali cuta na tsarin girma na nama. Domin tantanin halitta ya canza zuwa kwayar cutar kansa, dole ne a canza kwayoyin halittar da ke daidaita girma da bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta.[88] Kwayoyin halittar da abin ya shafa sun kasu kashi biyu manya-manya. Oncogenes sune kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel da haifuwa. Kwayoyin da ke hana Tumor su ne kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke hana rarraba tantanin halitta da rayuwa. Mummunan canji na iya faruwa ta hanyar samuwar novel oncogenes, rashin dacewa kan-bayyanar da kwayoyin oncogenes na yau da kullun, ko ta hanyar bayyanawa ko naƙasa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana kari. Yawanci, ana buƙatar canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa don canza tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa kwayar cutar kansa.[89] Canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban kuma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Riba ko asarar dukkanin chromosome na iya faruwa ta hanyar kurakurai a cikin mitosis. Mafi na kowa maye gurbi, wadanda canje-canje ne a cikin jerin nucleotide na DNA na genomic. Manyan maye gurbi sun hada da gogewa ko samun wani yanki na chromosome. Ƙwararrun kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa lokacin da tantanin halitta ya sami kwafi (sau da yawa 20 ko fiye) na ƙaramin wuri na chromosomal, yawanci yana ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye da oncogenes da kayan gado na kusa. Juyawa yana faruwa lokacin da yankuna biyu na chromosomal daban-daban suka zama masu haɗuwa da juna, sau da yawa a wani yanayi na musamman. Wani sanannen misalin wannan shine chromosome na Philadelphia, ko fassarar chromosomes 9 da 22, wanda ke faruwa a cikin cutar sankarar jini na myelogenous na kullum kuma yana haifar da samar da furotin BCR-abl fusion protein, wani oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Kananan maye gurbi sun hada da maye gurbi, gogewa, da sakawa, wanda zai iya faruwa a yankin mai tallata kwayar halitta kuma ya shafi maganganunsa, ko kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin jerin lambobin kwayar halittar da kuma canza aiki ko kwanciyar hankali na furotin. Har ila yau, rushewar kwayar halitta guda ɗaya na iya haifar da haduwa da kwayoyin halitta daga kwayar cutar DNA ko retrovirus, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na kwayar cutar kwayar cutar a cikin kwayar cutar da kuma zuriyarsa. Maimaita bayanan da ke cikin DNA na sel masu rai zai haifar da wasu kurakurai (maye gurbi). An gina hadadden gyaran kurakurai da rigakafi a cikin tsari kuma yana kiyaye tantanin halitta daga cutar kansa. Idan babban kuskure ya faru, tantanin da ya lalace zai iya lalata kansa ta hanyar tsarin mutuwar kwayar halitta, wanda ake kira apoptosis. Idan tsarin sarrafa kuskuren ya gaza, to, maye gurbin zai tsira kuma a wuce tare da sel 'ya'ya. Wasu mahalli suna sa kurakurai su iya tasowa da yaduwa. Irin waɗannan mahalli na iya haɗawa da kasancewar abubuwa masu barna da ake kira carcinogens, maimaita rauni na jiki, zafi, ionizing radiation ko hypoxia.[90] Kurakuran da ke haifar da ciwon daji suna hadaka kai da hadakawa, misali: Maye gurbi a cikin injin gyara kura kurai na tantanin halitta na iya sa wannan tantanin halitta da 'ya'yanta su tara kurakurai cikin sauri. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin oncogene na iya haifar da tantanin halitta yin haifuwa da sauri da yawa fiye da takwarorinsa na yau da kullun. Karin maye gurbi na iya haifar da asarar kwayar kuma za ta iya rushe hanyar siginar apoptosis da kuma dawwama tantanin halitta. Ƙarin maye gurbi a cikin injin siginar tantanin halitta na iya aika sigina masu haifar da kuskure zuwa sel na kusa. Juyawa tantanin halitta ta al'ada zuwa ciwon daji yana kama da tsarin sarkar da ke haifar da kurakurai na farko, wanda ke hadawa zuwa manyan kurakurai, kowane ci gaba yana barin tantanin halitta damar tserewa ƙarin sarrafawa waɗanda ke iyakance haɓakar nama na yau da kullun. Wannan labari mai kama da tawaye shine tsira da ba a so na mafi dacewa, inda karfin juyin halitta ke aiki da tsarin jiki da aiwatar da tsari. Da zarar ciwon daji ya fara tasowa, wannan tsari mai gudana, wanda ake kira juyin halitta na clonal, yana haifar da ci gaba zuwa matakai masu yawa.[91]. Juyin Halitta na Clonal yana haifar da intra-tumour heterogeneity (kwayoyin ciwon daji tare da maye gurbi daban-daban) wanda ke dagula ƙira ingantattun dabarun jiyya. Halayen iyawar halayen da cututtukan daji ke haɓaka sun kasu kashi-kashi, musamman ƙauracewa apoptosis, wadatar kai a cikin siginar girma, rashin jin daɗi ga siginar haɓaka girma, ci gaba da angiogenesis, yuwuwar kwafi mara iyaka, metastasis, sake fasalin kuzarin kuzari da gujewa lalatawar rigakafi.

== Epigenetics ==
[[File:Diagram Damage to Cancer Wiki 300dpi.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis]]
Epigenetics: Ciwon daji epigenetics Matsayin tsakiya na lalacewar DNA da lahani na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA a cikin carcinogenesis Ra'ayi na gargajiya game da ciwon daji wani nau'in cututtuka ne waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaba na rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka haɗa da maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu hana ƙari da oncogenes da rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal. Daga baya an gano rawar da aka samu na sauye-sauye na epigenetic.[92] Canje-canjen Epigenetic gyare-gyaren da suka dace da aiki zuwa ga kwayoyin halitta wadanda ba sa canza jerin nucleotide. Misalan irin wadannan gyare-gyare sune canje-canje a cikin DNA methylation (hypermethylation da hypomethylation), gyare-gyaren histone[93] da canje-canje a cikin gine-ginen chromosomal (wanda ya haifar da rashin dacewa na sunadaran kamar HMGA2 ko HMGA1).[94]. Kowane bayan waɗannan sauye-sauye yana sarrafa maganganun kwayoyin halitta ba tare da canza jerin DNA na asali ba. Waɗannan canje-canjen na iya wanzuwa ta hanyar rarrabuwar sel, suna dawwama ga tsararraki masu yawa kuma ana iya daukar su azaman epimutation (daidai da maye gurbi). Canje-canje na Epigenetic yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin ciwon daji. Alal misali, binciken daya ya lissafa kwayoyin halittar sunadaran sunadaran da aka saba canzawa akai-akai a cikin methylation tare da ciwon daji na hanji. Wadannan sun hada da 147 hypermethylated da 27 hypomethylated genes. Daga cikin kwayoyin halittar hypermethylated, 10 sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin 100% na ciwon daji na hanji kuma wasu da yawa sun kasance hypermethylated a cikin fiye da 50% na ciwon daji na hanji.[95]. Yayin da ake samun sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin ciwon daji, sauye-sauye na epigenetic a cikin kwayoyin gyaran DNA, yana haifar da raguwar maganganun sunadarai na gyaran DNA, na iya zama mahimmanci. Ana tsammanin irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna faruwa da wuri kafin su ci gaba zuwa cutar kansa kuma suna iya zama sanadin rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halittar cututtukan daji.[96][97][98] Rage bayanin kwayoyin halittar DNA na gyaran DNA yana rushe gyaran DNA. Ana nuna wannan a cikin adadi a mataki na 4 daga sama. (A cikin adadi, jajayen kalmomi suna nuna tsakiyar rawar lalacewar DNA da lahani a cikin gyaran DNA don ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji.) Lokacin da gyaran DNA ya gaza lalacewar DNA ya kasance a cikin sel a matakin sama fiye da yadda aka saba (mataki na 5) kuma yana haifar da kara yawan mitoci. maye gurbi da/ko epimutation (matakin 6). Adadin maye gurbi yana karuwa sosai a cikin ƙwayoyin da ba su da lahani a cikin gyare-gyaren rashin daidaituwa na DNA[99] [100] ko a cikin gyaran hadin gwiwa (HRR).[101] Sabuntawar chromosomal da aneuploidy suma suna karuwa a cikin sel marasa lahani na HRR.[102] Mafi girman matakan lalacewa na DNA yana haifar da karar maye gurbi (gefen siffa na dama) da kara kazanta. Yayin gyaran DNA ninki biyu karya, ko gyara wasu lalacewar DNA, wuraren gyara da ba su cika cika ba na iya haifar da shiru na kwayoyin halitta.[103][104] Rashin bayyanar sunadaran gyaran DNA saboda maye gurbi na iya kara hadarin kansa. Mutanen da ke da nakasar gada a cikin kowane nau'in halittar DNA na 34 (duba labarin DNA gyara-rashi cuta) sun haɓaka haɗarin kansa, tare da wasu lahani suna tabbatar da damar 100% na ciwon daji (misali p53 maye gurbi).[105]. An lura da maye gurbi na gyaran layin DNA a gefen hagu na adadi. Duk da haka, irin wannan maye gurbi (wanda ke haifar da ciwon daji na ciwon daji) shine kawai ke haifar da kusan kashi 1 cikin dari na ciwon daji.[106] A cikin cututtukan daji na lokaci-lokaci, ƙarancin gyare-gyaren DNA na faruwa lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar DNA amma galibi ana haifar da su ta hanyar sauye-sauyen epigenetic wadanda ke rage ko yin shuru na maganganun kwayoyin halittar DNA. An nuna wannan a cikin adadi a matakin 3rd. Yawancin binciken da aka yi na carcinogenesis mai nauyin ƙarfe mai nauyi ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan ƙananan karafa suna haifar da raguwa a cikin maganganun gyaran enzymes na DNA, wasu ta hanyar hanyoyin epigenetic. An ba da shawarar hana gyaran DNA don zama babbar hanyar da ke haifar da cutar sankara mai nauyi. Bugu da kari, akai-akai sauye-sauye na epigenetic na lambar jerin DNA don kananan RNAs da ake kira microRNAs (ko miRNAs). miRNAs ba sa kididdige sunadaran sunadaran, amma suna iya “nufa” ƙwayoyin furotin-coded kuma su rage maganganunsu. Ciwon daji galibi suna tasowa ne daga tarin maye gurbi da kwankwasa waɗanda ke ba da fa'idar zabin da ke haifar da haɓaka clonal (duba lahani na ci gaba zuwa kansa). Maye gurbi, duk da haka, bazai zama akai-akai a cikin cututtukan daji kamar sauye-sauyen epigenetic ba. Matsakaicin ciwon daji na nono ko hanji yana iya samun sauye-sauyen furotin da kusan 60 zuwa 70, wanda kusan uku ko hudu na iya zama maye gurbin “direba” sauran kuma na iya zama maye gurbin “fasinja”

== Metastasi ==
Metastasis: Metastasis Metastasis shine yaduwar cutar kansa zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jiki. Ciwace-ciwacen da aka tarwatsa ana kiran su da ciwace-ciwacen daji, yayin da na asali shi ake kira da ciwon farko. Kusan duk ciwon daji na iya daidaitawa.[35] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ciwon daji wanda ya karu.[36] Metastasis na kowa a karshen matakan ciwon daji kuma yana iya faruwa ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic ko duka biyu. Matakan al'ada a cikin metastasis sune mamayewa na gida, shiga cikin jini ko lymph, wurare dabam dabam ta jiki, haɓaka cikin sabon nama, yaduwa da angiogenesis. Nau'o'in ciwon daji daban-daban suna yin kazamin gabobin jikinsu, amma gabaɗaya wuraren da aka fi samun kazanta su ne huhu, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa da kasusuwa.[35]

== Metabolism ==
Tumor metabolome Kwayoyin al'ada yawanci suna haifar da kusan kashi 30% na makamashi daga glycolysis, [108] yayin da yawancin ciwon daji ke dogara ga glycolysis don samar da makamashi (Tasirin Warburg).[109][110] [111] Amma tsirarun nau'ikan ciwon daji sun dogara da phosphorylation oxidative a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko, gami da lymphoma, cutar sankarar bargo, da kansar endometrial.[112] Ko da a wadannan lokuta, duk da haka, amfani da glycolysis a matsayin tushen makamashi da wuya ya wuce 60%.[108] Wasu 'yan ciwon daji suna amfani da glutamine a matsayin babban tushen makamashi, wani bangare saboda yana samar da nitrogen da ake bukata don hadin nucleotide (DNA, RNA).[113][108]. Kwayoyin ciwon daji sukan yi amfani da oxidative phosphorylation ko glutamine a matsayin tushen makamashi na farko.[114] Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa enzyme sirtuin 6 an zabi wanda ba a kunna shi ba a lokacin oncogenesis a cikin nau'ikan ƙari iri-iri ta hanyar haifar da glycolysis.[111] Wani sirtuin, sirtuin 3 yana hana ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da glycolysis, amma yana inganta ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da oxidative phosphorylation.[115]. An ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai karancin carbohydrate (abinci na ketogenic) a wasu lokuta azaman maganin tallafi don maganin ciwon daji.

== Bincike ==

[[File:Thorax pa peripheres Bronchialcarcinom li OF markiert.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Chest [[Projectional radiography|X-ray]] showing lung cancer in the left lung]]

Bincike (Satumban shekara ta 2021) aX-ray na kirji yana nuna kansar huhu a cikin huhu na hagu Yawancin ciwon daji ana gane su da farko ko dai saboda bayyanar alamu ko alamun cutar ko ta hanyar dubawa. Babu bayan wadannan da ke haifar da tabbataccen ganewar asali, wanda ke bugatar bincika samfurin nama ta hanyar likitan ilimin cututtuka. Ana bincikar mutanen da ake zargi da ciwon daji tare da gwaje-gwajen likita. Wadannan yawanci sun hada da gwaje-gwajen jini, X-rays, (contrast) CT scans da endoscopy. Binciken nama daga biopsy yana nuna nau'in tantanin halitta da ke yaduwa, darajar tarihinsa, rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta da sauran siffofi. Tare, wannan bayanin yana da amfani don kimanta tsinkaye da kuma zabar mafi kyawun magani. Cytogenetics da immunohistochemistry wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen nama ne. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da bayanai game da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta (kamar maye gurbi, kwayoyin halittar fusion da sauye-sauye na chromosome na lambobi) kuma yana iya nuna hasashen hasashen da mafi kyawun magani. Ciwon daji na iya haifar da damuwa na tunani da kuma shiga tsakani na zamantakewa, kamar maganin magana, na iya taimakawa mutane da wannan.[118]

== Rabewa ==
Karin bayani: Jerin nau'ikan ciwon daji da Jerin sharuddan da suka danganci oncology Ciwon daji ana rarraba su da nau'in tantanin halitta wanda kwayoyin tumor suke kama da shi don haka ana zaton shine asalin kwayar cuta. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun hada da: Carcinoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel epithelial. Wannan rukunin ya qunshi yawancin cututtukan daji da aka fi sani kuma sun haɗa da kusan duka waɗanda ke cikin nono, prostate, huhu, pancreas da hanji. Sarcoma: Ciwon daji da ke tasowa daga nama mai haɗawa (watau kashi, guringuntsi, mai, jijiya), kowannensu yana tasowa daga kwayoyin halitta da suka samo asali a cikin kwayoyin halitta a waje da kasusuwa. Lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo: Waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna tasowa ne daga ƙwayoyin hematopoietic (masu samar da jini) waɗanda ke barin bargo kuma sukan yi girma a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph da jini, bi da bi.[119] Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel masu ƙarfi, galibi suna nunawa a cikin ƙwaya ko kwai (seminoma da dysgerminoma, bi da bi). Blastoma: Ciwon daji da aka samo daga sel &quot;precursor&quot; marasa girma ko nama na amfrayo. Ciwon daji yawanci ana kiransu ta hanyar amfani da -carcinoma, -sarcoma ko -blastoma a matsayin kari, tare da kalmar Latin ko Girkanci ga gabbai ko nama na asali a matsayin tushen. Misali, ciwon daji na parenchyma na hanta da ke tasowa daga sel epithelial masu cutarwa ana kiransa hepatocarcinoma, yayin da mummunan cutar da ke fitowa daga sel precursor na hanta ana kiransa hepatoblastoma kuma ciwon daji da ke fitowa daga kwayoyin kitse ana kiransa liposarcoma. Ga wasu cututtukan daji na yau da kullun, ana amfani da sunan gabobin Ingilishi. Misali, nau'in ciwon daji na nono da aka fi sani shine ake kira ductal carcinoma na nono. Anan, ductal na sifa yana nufin bayyanar cutar daji a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa, wanda ke nuna cewa ya samo asali ne a cikin magudanar madara. Ciwon daji mara kyau (wadanda ba ciwon daji ba) ana kiran su ta amfani da -oma azaman kari tare da sunan gabobin a matsayin tushen. Alal misali, kwayar tsoka mai santsi ana kiranta leiomyoma (sunan gama gari na wannan kwayar cuta mai saurin faruwa a cikin mahaifa shine fibroid). Abin mamaki, wasu nau'in ciwon daji suna amfani da -noma suffix, misalai ciki har da melanoma da seminoma. Wasu nau'in ciwon daji ana kiran su don girma da siffar sel a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa, kamar giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma da kananan-cell carcinoma. Wani ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya. Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu. Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Breast cancer gross appearance.jpg|Wani mugun abu [[ductal carcinoma]] na nono (kodadden wuri a tsakiya) kewaye da spikes na farar tabo da nama mai launin rawaya.
File:Colon cancer 2.jpg|Ciwon daji mai kaifi mai launi (cibi na sama) a cikin samfurin colectomy
File:Lung cancer.jpg|Ciwon daji mai squamous-cell (burin farar fata) kusa da bronchi a cikin samfurin huhu.
File:BreastCancer.jpg|Wani babban ciwon daji na ductal carcinoma a cikin samfurin mastectomy
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Rigakafi ==
Rigakafi Babban labarin: rigakafin ciwon daji An bayyana rigakafin cutar kansa azaman matakan aiki don rage hadarin kansa.[120] Mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda hadarin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli zabin salon rayuwa ne masu iya sarrafawa. Don haka, ciwon daji gabaɗaya ana iya rigakafinsa[121]. Tsakanin kashi 70% zuwa 90% na cututtukan daji na yau da kullun suna faruwa ne saboda abubuwan muhalli don haka ana iya yin rigakafi.[122] Fiye da kashi 30 cikin 100 na mace-macen cutar daji za a iya kiyaye su ta hanyar guje wa abubuwan haɗari da suka haɗa da: taba, kiba mai yawa, rashin abinci mara kyau, rashin motsa jiki, barasa, cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i da gurɓataccen iska.[123] Bugu da ari, ana iya la'akari da talauci a matsayin wani abu mai hatsarin gaske a cikin cututtukan daji na ɗan adam.[124] Ba duk abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli ba ne ake iya sarrafa su ba, kamar abubuwan da ke faruwa ta zahiri da kuma ciwon daji da ke haifar da cututtukan gado na gado don haka ba a iya yin rigakafi ta hanyar halayen mutum.

== Abincin abinci ==
Abincin abinci da ciwon daji Yayin da aka ba da shawarwarin abinci da yawa don rage haɗarin ciwon daji, shaidar da za ta goyi bayan su ba ta tabbata ba.[14][125] Abubuwan abinci na farko waɗanda ke habaka hadari sune kiba da shan barasa. Abincin da ke da ƙarancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da jajayen nama suna da alaƙa da alaƙa amma sake dubawa da nazarin meta ba su kai ga daidaito ba.[126][127] Binciken meta-bincike na 2014 bai sami dangantaka tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da ciwon daji ba.[128] Kofi yana da alaƙa da raguwar haɗarin cutar kansar hanta.[129] Bincike ya danganta yawan shan ja ko naman da aka sarrafa da yawan kamuwa da cutar kansar nono, ciwon hanji da kuma ciwon daji na pancreatic, al’amarin da zai iya kasancewa saboda kasancewar carcinogens a cikin naman da ake dafawa a yanayin zafi.[130][131] A cikin 2015 IARC ta ba da rahoton cewa cin nama da aka sarrafa (misali, naman alade, naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, tsiran alade) kuma, zuwa karamin digiri, jan nama yana da alaƙa da wasu cututtukan daji.[132][133]. Shawarwari na abinci don rigakafin ciwon daji yawanci sun haɗa da ba da fifiko ga kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, hatsi gabaɗaya da kifi da kuma nisantar sarrafa nama da jan nama (naman sa, naman alade, rago), kitsen dabbobi, abincin da aka ɗora da ingantaccen carbohydrates.

== Magani ==
Magani Ana iya amfani da magunguna don hana ciwon daji a wasu yanayi kaɗan[134]. A cikin yawan jama'a, NSAIDs suna rage hadarin ciwon daji na launi; duk da haka, saboda illar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da illa gaba daya idan aka yi amfani da su don rigakafi.[135] An gano aspirin yana rage hadarin mutuwa daga cutar kansa da kusan kashi 7%.[136] Masu hana COX-2 na iya rage yawan kwayar polyp a cikin mutanen da ke da polyposis adenomatous iyali; duk da haka, yana da alaka da illa iri ɗaya da NSAIDs.[137] Yin amfani da tamoxifen ko raloxifene kullum yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono a cikin mata masu haɗari.[138] Amfani da cutarwa ga 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor kamar finasteride bai bayyana ba.[139] Karancin bitamin ba ya bayyana yana da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji[140]. Yayin da ƙananan matakan bitamin D ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon daji, [141] [142] [143] ko wannan dangantakar tana da dalili kuma ƙarin bitamin D yana da kariya ba a ƙayyade ba.[144][145]. Ɗaya daga cikin bita na 2014 ya gano cewa kari ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hadarin ciwon daji.[145] Wani bita na 2014 ya kammala cewa bitamin D3 na iya rage hadarin mutuwa daga ciwon daji (kananan mutuwa a cikin mutane 150 da aka yi wa magani sama da shekaru 5), amma an lura da damuwa game da ingancin bayanan.[146] Beta-carotene yana kara yawan ciwon daji na huhu a cikin wadanda ke da haɗari.[147] Kariyar folic acid ba ta da tasiri wajen hana ciwon daji na hanji kuma yana iya ƙara yawan polyps.[148] Ba a nuna ƙarin sinadarin selenium don rage haɗarin cutar kansa ba.[149]  

== Allurar Rigakafi ==
An samar da alluran rigakafin da ke hana kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta na carcinogenic.[150] Alurar rigakafin cutar papilloma na dan adam (Gardasil da Cervarix) suna rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar mahaifa.[150] Alurar rigakafin ciwon hanta na B na hana kamuwa da cutar hanta da kuma haka yana rage haɗarin ciwon hanta.[150] Ana ba da shawarar gudanar da rigakafin cutar papillomavirus da rigakafin hanta B a inda albarkatu suka ba da izini. 

== Nunawa ==
Nunawa Babban labarin: Binciken cutar daji Ba kamar yunƙurin gano cutar da alamu da alamun likita ke haifar da shi ba, gwajin cutar kansa ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin gano kansa bayan ya taso, amma kafin bayyanar cututtuka da ake iya gani.[152] Wannan yana iya haɗawa da gwajin jiki, gwajin jini ko fitsari ko hoton likita.[152] Ba a samun gwajin cutar kansa don nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa. Ko da gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa, kila ba za a ba su shawarar ga kowa ba. Nunawa ta duniya ko tantanin jama'a ya ƙunshi tantance kowa.[153] Zaɓen tantancewa yana gano mutanen da ke cikin hadari mafi girma, kamar mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali.[153] An yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa don tantance ko fa'idar tantancewar ta zarce kasada da kuma tsadar aikin tantancewar[152]. Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da: Lalacewar da za a iya samu daga gwajin nunawa: alal misali, Hotunan X-ray sun haɗa da fallasa zuwa radiation ionizing mai illa. Yiwuwar gwajin gano cutar kansa daidai Yiwuwar ciwon daji ya kasance: Binciken ba ya da amfani ga ciwon daji da ba kasafai ba. Matsalolin da za a iya samu daga hanyoyin biyo baya Ko akwai maganin da ya dace Ko ganowa da wuri yana inganta sakamakon jiyya Ko ciwon daji zai taɓa buƙatar magani Ko gwajin ya kasance karbuwa ga mutane: Idan gwajin gwajin ya yi nauyi (misali, mai tsananin zafi), to mutane za su ki shiga.[153]

== Farashin Shawarwari ==
Rundunar Tsaro ta Amurka gungiyar kwararru ta Amurka (USPSTF) ta ba da shawarwari ga cututtuka daban-daban: Yana ba da shawarar auna cutar kansar mahaifa ga mata masu jima'i kuma suna da mahaifa aqalla har zuwa shekaru 65.[154]. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi wa Amirkawa gwajin cutar kansar launin fata ta hanyar gwajin jini na facal, sigmoidoscopy, ko colonoscopy farawa daga shekara 50 har zuwa shekara 75.[155]. Shaidu ba su isa ba don bayar da shawarar don ko hana gwajin cutar kansar fata, [156] ciwon daji na baka, [157] kansar huhu, [158] ko ciwon gurguwar prostate a cikin maza a karkashin 75.[159]. Ba a ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun don ciwon daji na mafitsara, [160] kansar testicular, [161] cancer ovarian, [162] cancer pancreatic, [163] ko prostate cancer.[164] Yana ba da shawarar mammography don gwajin cutar kansar nono kowane shekara biyu daga shekaru 50-74, amma baya ba da shawarar ko dai a yi gwajin nono ko gwajin nono na asibiti.[165] Wani bita na Cochrane na 2013 ya kammala cewa gwajin cutar kansar nono ta hanyar mammography ba shi da wani tasiri wajen rage mace-mace saboda yawan bincike-bincike da wuce gona da iri. 

== Gwajin Kwayar Halitta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Gene
! Cancer types
|-
| [[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]]
| Breast, ovarian, pancreatic
|-
| [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC]], [[MLH1]], [[MSH2]], [[MSH6]], [[PMS1]], [[PMS2]]
| Colon, uterine, small bowel, stomach, urinary tract
|}
Gwajin kwayoyin halitta Duba kuma: Ciwon daji Nau'in Ciwon Kansa BRCA1, BRCA2 Nono, kwai, pancreatic HNPCC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, PMS2 Colon, uterine, kananan hanji, ciki, urinary fili gungiyoyin da ba na hukuma ba suna ba da shawarar gwajin kwayoyin halitta ga mutane masu hadari na wasu cututtuka. Masu dauke da waɗannan maye gurbi na iya yin ingantacciyar sa ido, maganin rigakafi, ko tiyata don rage hadarinsu na gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid24176569&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=BRCA08&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Gulati AP, [[Susan Domchek|Domchek SM]] |s2cid=29630942 |title=The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers |journal=Current Oncology Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=47–53 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18366960 |doi=10.1007/s11912-008-0008-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=BRCA08/&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
Gudanarwa: Gudanar da ciwon daji da ciwon daji Akwai zabubbukan magani da yawa don ciwon daji. Na farko sun hada da tiyata, chemotherapy, radiation far, hormonal far, niyya far da palliative kula. Wadanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su ya dogara da nau'in, wuri da matakin ciwon daji da kuma lafiyar majiyyaci da abubuwan da ake so. Manufar magani na iya ko ba ta zama magani ba. 

== Chemotherapy ==
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy shine maganin ciwon daji tare da daya ko fiye cytotoxic anti-neoplastic kwayoyi (chemotherapeutic agents) a matsayin wani bangare na daidaitaccen tsari. Kalmar ta kunshi magunguna iri-iri, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan kamar su alkylating agents da antimetabolites.[168] Magungunan chemotherapeutic na al'ada suna yin aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke rarraba cikin sauri, wani abu mai mahimmanci na yawancin kwayoyin kansa. An gano cewa samar da magungunan cytotoxic a hade ya fi magani guda; wani tsari da ake kira haɗin kai; wanda ke da fa'ida a cikin kididdigar rayuwa da martani ga ciwace-ciwacen daji da ci gaban cutar.[169] Wani bita na Cochrane ya kammala cewa hadin gwiwa ya fi tasiri don magance ciwon daji na nono. Koyaya, gabaɗaya ba tabbas ko haɗin chemotherapy yana haifar da ingantacciyar sakamako na lafiya, lokacin da aka yi la'akari da rayuwa da guba.[170] Maganin da aka yi niyya wani nau'i ne na chemotherapy wanda ke kaiwa takamaiman bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta tsakanin ciwon daji da kwayoyin al'ada. Magungunan da aka yi niyya na farko sun toshe kwayar mai karkar isrogen, yana hana ci gaban ciwon nono. Wani misali na yau da kullun shine nau'in inhibitors na Bcr-Abl, wadanda ake amfani da su don magance cutar sankarar bargo ta myelogenous (CML).[4] A halin yanzu, maganin da aka yi niyya ya wanzu ga yawancin nau'ikan ciwon daji na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon daji na mafitsara, kansar nono, kansar colorectal, ciwon koda, cutar sankarar bargo, kansar hanta, kansar huhu, lymphoma, kansar pancreatic, kansar prostate, kansar fata, da kansar thyroid kamar da sauran nau’in ciwon daji[171]. Amfanin chemotherapy ya dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da mataki. A hade tare da tiyata, chemotherapy ya tabbatar da amfani a cikin nau'in ciwon daji da suka hada da kansar nono, ciwon daji, ciwon daji na pancreatic, sarcoma osteogenic, ciwon daji na testicular, ciwon daji na ovarian da wasu cututtuka na huhu.[172]. Chemotherapy yana warkar da wasu cututtukan daji, kamar wasu cutar sankarar bargo, [173] [174] marasa tasiri a wasu ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, [175] da rashin buqata a wasu, kamar yawancin cututtukan fata marasa melanoma.[176]. Amfanin chemotherapy sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar guba zuwa wasu kyallen takarda a cikin jiki. Ko da chemotherapy bai ba da magani na dindindin ba, yana iya zama da amfani don rage alamun cututtuka kamar zafi ko rage girman kwayar kwayar cuta da ba ta iya aiki a cikin bege cewa tiyata zai yiwu a nan gaba. 

== Radiotion ==
Radiation Jiyya na radiation ya kunshi amfani da ionizing radiation a kokarin ko dai magani ko inganta alamun cututtuka. Yana aiki ta hanyar lalata DNA na nama mai ciwon daji, yana kashe shi. Don adana kyallen takarda na al'ada (kamar fata ko gabobin, wanda radiation dole ne ya wuce ta don magance ciwon daji), nau'ikan radiyo masu siffa suna nufin daga kusurwoyi masu yawa don shiga tsakani a cikin kwayar cuta, suna samar da kashi mafi girma a can fiye da kewaye, nama mai lafiya. . Kamar yadda yake tare da chemotherapy, ciwon daji ya bambanta a cikin martanin su ga maganin radiation.[177][178][179] Ana amfani da maganin radiation a kusan rabin lokuta. Radiation na iya zama ko dai daga tushen ciki (brachytherapy) ko waje na waje. Radiyon shine mafi yawan haskoki na X-ray marasa karfi don magance ciwon daji na fata, yayin da ake amfani da hasken X-ray mai karfi don ciwon daji a cikin jiki.[180] Radiation yawanci ana amfani dashi ban da tiyata da ko chemotherapy. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, kamar kansar farkon kai da wuyansa, ana iya amfani da shi kadai[181]. Don kashin kashi mai radadi, an gano yana da tasiri a kusan kashi 70% na marasa lafiya.[181] 

== Tiyata ==
Tiyata ita ce hanyar farko ta jiyya ga mafi yawan kebantacce, kwararrun cututtukan daji kuma maiyuwa suna taka rawa wajen daidaitawa da tsawaita rayuwa. Yawanci wani muhimmin sashi ne na tabbataccen ganewar asali da matakan ciwace-ciwacen daji, kamar yadda ake bukatar biopsies yawanci. A cikin ciwon daji na gida, tiyata yawanci yana kokari ya cire gaba daya taro tare da, a wasu lokuta, kwayoyin lymph a yankin. Ga wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji wannan ya isa ya kawar da cutar kansa[172].

== Kulawar Jin Dadi ==
Kulawar jin dadi Kulawa da jin dadi magani ne wanda ke kokarin taimaka wa majiyyaci jin daɗi kuma ana iya hada shi tare da kokarin magance cutar kansa. Kulawa da jin dadi ya hada da aiki don rage damuwa ta jiki, tunani, ruhi da damuwa na zamantakewa. Ba kamar jiyya da ke nufin kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye ba, babban burin kula da jin dadi shine haɓaka ingancin rayuwa. Mutane a kowane mataki na maganin ciwon daji yawanci suna samun wani nau'i na kulawa. A wasu lokuta, gungiyoyin kwararrun likita suna ba da shawarar cewa marasa lafiya da likitoci su amsa cutar kansa kawai tare da kulawar jin dadi.[182] Wannan ya shafi marasa lafiya wadanda: [183] suna nuna karancin aiki, yana nuna iyakacin ikon kula da kansu[182]

1. bai sami fa'ida daga jiyya na tushen shaida ba

2. ba su cancanci shiga kowane gwaji na asibiti da ya dace ba

3. babu wata kwakkwarar hujja da ke nuna cewa magani zai yi tasiri.

Kulawar jin dadi na iya rikicewa tare da asibiti don haka ana nunawa ne kawai lokacin da mutane suka kusanci karshen rayuwa. Kamar kulawar asibiti, kulawar jinya yana ƙoƙarin taimaka wa majiyyaci su jimre da buƙatun su na gaggawa kuma don haɓaka ta'aziyya. Ba kamar kulawar asibiti ba, kulawar kwantar da hankali baya bukatar mutane su daina jiyya da ke nufin cutar kansa. Jagororin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da yawa sun ba da shawarar kulawa da wuri na gaggawa ga marasa lafiya wadanda ciwon daji ke haifar da alamun damuwa ko waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako don jure rashin lafiyarsu. A cikin marasa lafiya da aka fara gano cutar ta metastatic, ana iya ba da kulawa ta gaggawa nan da nan. Ana nuna kulawar jin daɗi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da tsinkayar ƙasa da watanni 12 na rayuwa har ma an ba su magani mai tsauri.

== Immunotherapy ==
Ciwon daji immunotherapy An fara amfani da nau'o'in hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ta hanyar amfani da immunotherapy, karfafawa ko taimakawa tsarin rigakafi don yaki da ciwon daji, tun daga 1997. Hanyoyi sun haɗa da kwayoyin rigakafi, maganin bincike, da kuma canja wurin kwayar halitta.[187]. 

== Maganin Laser ==
Maganin Laser: Laser a cikin maganin kansa Laser farfesa Laser yana amfani da haske mai karfi don magance ciwon daji ta raguwa ko lalata ciwace-ciwacen daji ko ci gaba mai saurin kamuwa. An fi amfani da Laser don magance ciwon daji na sama wanda ke saman jiki ko kuma murfin gabobin ciki. Ana amfani da shi don magance ciwon daji na fata na basal cell da farkon matakan wasu kamar su mahaifa, azzakari, farji, vulvar, da kuma ciwon huhu mara karami. Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi tare da wasu jiyya, kamar tiyata, chemotherapy, ko radiation far. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), ko interstitial Laser photocoagulation, yana amfani da Laser don magance wasu cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da hyperthermia, wanda ke amfani da zafi don rage ciwace-ciwacen kwayoyi ta hanyar lalacewa ko kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa. Laser sun fi dacewa fiye da tiyata kuma suna haifar da karancin lalacewa, zafi, zubar jini, kumburi, da tabo. Rashin lahani shine dole ne likitocin fida su sami horo na musamman. Yana iya zama mafi tsada fiye da sauran magunguna[188].

== Madadin Magunguna ==
Madadin Magungunan karfafawa da madadin maganin cutar kansa rukuni ne daban-daban na jiyya, ayyuka da samfurori waɗanda ba sa cikin magungunan al'ada.[189] “Maganin Ƙarfafawa” yana nufin hanyoyi da abubuwan da ake amfani da su tare da magungunan gargajiya, yayin da “maganin madadin” yana nufin mahadi da ake amfani da su maimakon magungunan gargajiya[190]. Yawancin magungunan da ke da alaqa da ciwon daji ba a yi nazari ko gwada su ta amfani da dabaru na al'ada kamar gwajin asibiti ba. An bincika wasu madadin jiyya kuma an nuna ba su da tasiri amma har yanzu ana ci gaba da tallata su da hadakawa. Wani mai bincike kan cutar daji Andrew J. Vickers ya bayyana cewa, &quot;Lakabin 'wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba' bai dace da irin waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba; lokaci ya yi da za a tabbatar da cewa yawancin hanyoyin maganin ciwon daji an 'bata'.

== Hasashen Dubi ==
[[File:Three measures of cancer mortality, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Matakan uku na mutuwar ciwon daji na duniya daga 1990 to 2017&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Three measures of cancer mortality |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cancer-deaths-rate-and-age-standardized-rate-index |website=Our World in Data |access-date=7 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Hasashen Dubi kuma: Yawan tsira da cutar daji, Jerin adadin mace-macen cutar kansa a Amurka, da masu tsira da ciwon daji Matakai uku na mace-macen cutar kansa ta duniya daga 1990 zuwa 2017[192] Yawan tsira ya bambanta da nau'in ciwon daji da kuma matakin da aka gano shi, kama daga rayuwa mai yawa zuwa cikar mace-mace shekaru biyar bayan ganewar asali. Da zarar ciwon daji ya sami metastasized, tsinkaya yakan zama mafi muni. Kimanin rabin marasa lafiya da ke samun maganin ciwon daji (ban da carcinoma a wuri da kuma ciwon daji na fata wanda ba melanoma ba) suna mutuwa daga wannan ciwon daji ko maganinsa.[23] Mafi yawan mutuwar ciwon daji na faruwa ne saboda ƙazamin kwayar cuta ta farko.[193] Rayuwa ya fi muni a kasashe masu tasowa, [23] wani bangare saboda nau'in ciwon daji da aka fi sani a can yana da wuyar magani fiye da wadanda ke da alaƙa da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.[194] Wadanda suka tsira daga cutar kansa suna kamuwa da kansar farko na biyu da kusan ninki biyu na wadanda ba a gano su ba.[195] An yi imanin cewa haɓakar hadarin ya kasance saboda bazuwar damar haɓaka kowane ciwon daji, yuwuwar tsira daga cutar kansa ta farko, abubuwan haɗari iri ɗaya waɗanda suka haifar da cutar kansa ta farko, illolin da ba'a so na magance cutar kansa ta farko (musamman magungunan radiation), da kuma mafi kyawun yarda da nunawa.[195]. Hasashen tsira na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Mafi mahimmanci sune nau'in ciwon daji da shekarun majiyyaci da lafiyar jiki gaba daya. Wadanda ke da rauni tare da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna da karancin rayuwa fiye da sauran mutane masu lafiya. Ba zai yi yuwuwa masu shekaru dari ba su rayu har tsawon shekaru biyar ko da an sami nasarar jiyya. Mutanen da suka ba da rahoton ingancin rayuwa suna dade da rayuwa.[196] Mutanen da ke da karancin ingancin rayuwa na iya shafar bakin ciki da sauran rikice-rikice da / ko ci gaban cuta waɗanda duka biyun suna lalata inganci da adadin rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya da ke da mummunan tsinkaya na iya zama cikin bakin ciki ko kuma ba da rahoton rashin ingancin rayuwa saboda sun fahimci cewa yanayin su na iya zama m. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna da haɗarin toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyinsu wanda zai iya yin barazana ga rayuwa.[197] Yin amfani da magungunan kashe jini irin su heparin yana rage hadarin daskarewar jini amma ba a nuna cewa yana ƙara rayuwa ga masu ciwon daji ba.[197] Mutanen da ke shan magungunan kashe jini su ma suna da hadarin zubar jini.[197] Ko da yake yana da wuyar gaske, wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji, ko da daga matakin ci gaba, na iya warkewa nan da nan. Wannan al’amari ana kiransa da gafara ba tare da bata lokaci ba.[198].

== Epidemiology ==
Epidemiology: Ilimin cututtukan daji na cutar kansa Duba kuma: Jerin kasashe ta adadin kansa Duba ko gyara bayanan tushe. Adadin mace-mace masu shekaru daga cutar kansa a cikin mutane 10,000.[199] An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2018, mutane miliyan 18.1 sun kamu da cutar kansa da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 9.6 a duniya.[200] Kimanin kashi 20% na maza da 17% na mata za su kamu da cutar kansa a wani lokaci yayin da kashi 13% na maza da kashi 9% na mata za su mutu daga gare ta.[200] A cikin 2008, an gano kimanin mutane miliyan 12.7 na ciwon daji (ban da ciwon daji na fata da ba na melanoma ba da sauran cututtukan da ba sa cutarwa) [23] kuma a cikin 2010 kusan mutane miliyan 7.98 sun mutu.[201]. Ciwon daji na kusan kashi 16% na mace-mace. Mafi yawan kamar na 2018 sune ciwon huhu (mutuwar miliyan 1.76), ciwon daji na launi (860,000) ciwon ciki (780,000), ciwon hanta (780,000), da ciwon nono (620,000).[2]. Wannan ya sanya cutar sankara ta zama babban sanadin mutuwar mutane a kasashen da suka ci gaba kuma na biyu a cikin kasashe masu tasowa.[23] Fiye da rabin lokuta suna faruwa a duniya masu tasowa.[23] Mutuwar cutar kansa ya kai miliyan 5.8 a 1990.[201] Mutuwar tana karuwa da farko saboda tsawon rayuwa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa[23]. Babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa shine shekaru.[202] Ko da yake yana yiwuwa ciwon daji ya buge kowane shekaru, yawancin masu fama da ciwon daji sun haura 65.[202] A cewar Robert A. Weinberg, mai binciken ciwon daji, &quot;Idan mun rayu tsawon lokaci, ba dade ko ba dade dukanmu za mu kamu da ciwon daji.&quot; tsawon rayuwa[205] da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a cikin tsarin endocrine.[206] Tasirin tsufa akan kansa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwa kamar lalacewar DNA da kumburi da ke inganta shi da abubuwan kamar tsufa na jijiyoyin jini da canje-canjen endocrin da ke hana shi.[207]. Wasu cututtukan daji masu saurin girma suna da yawa musamman, amma galibi ba sa mutuwa. Nazarin autopsy a Turai da Asiya ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 36 cikin 100 na mutane ba a gano su ba kuma a fili ba su da cutar kansar thyroid a lokacin mutuwarsu kuma kashi 80% na maza suna kamuwa da kansar prostate ta hanyar shekaru 80.[208][209]. Kamar yadda wadannan cututtukan daji ba su haifar da mutuwar majiyyaci ba, gano su da zai wakilci cutar fiye da kima maimakon kulawar likita. Ciwon daji guda uku da aka fi sani da yara sune cutar sankarar bargo (34%), ciwan kwakwalwa (23%) da lymphomas (12%).[210]. A Amurka ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin yara 285.[211] Adadin ciwon daji na yara ya karu da kashi 0.6% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1975 zuwa 2002 a Amurka[212] da 1.1% a kowace shekara tsakanin 1978 da 1997 a Turai.[210] Mutuwar cutar kansar yara ta ragu da rabi tsakanin 1975 da 2010 a Amurka.[211]

== Tarihi ==
[[File:Clara Jacobi-Tumor.jpg|thumb|left|Zane tare da ra'ayoyi biyu na wata mata 'yar kasar Holland wacce aka cire mata wani kumburi daga wuyanta a ciki  1689]]
Tarihi: Tarihin ciwon daji Yin zane tare da ra'ayoyi guda biyu na wata mace ta Holland wadda aka cire mata ciwon daji daga wuyanta a 1689 Ciwon daji ya wanzu ga dukan tarihin ɗan adam.[213]. Rubuce-rubuce na farko game da cutar kansa daga kusan 1600 BC a cikin littafin Edwin Smith Papyrus na Masar kuma ya bayyana kansar nono.[213] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) ya bayyana nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa, yana nufin su da kalmar Helenanci καρκίνος karkinos (kaguwa ko crayfish).[213]. Wannan suna ya zo ne daga bayyanar da aka yanke na wani kakkauran ciwon daji, tare da “jiyoyin da suka miqe ta kowane bangare kamar yadda dabbar kaguwa ke da kafafunta, daga nan ne aka samo sunanta”[214]. Galen ya bayyana cewa &quot;ana kiran ciwon daji na nono ne saboda kamannin kamanni da kaguwa da aka yi ta hanyar tsawaitawar ciwace-ciwacen daji da jijiyoyin da ke kusa da su&quot;.[215]: 738  Celsus (c. 25 BC – 50 AD) da aka fassara. karkinos zuwa cikin Latin kansa, kuma yana nufin kaguwa da shawarar tiyata a matsayin magani.[213]. Galen (karni na biyu AD) bai yarda da yin amfani da tiyata ba kuma ya ba da shawarar abin da ake amfani da shi a maimakon haka[213]. Wadannan shawarwarin sun tsaya tsayin daka tsawon shekaru 1000.[213] A karni na 15, 16, da 17, ya zama karbuwa ga likitoci su rarraba gawarwaki don gano musabbabin mutuwar.[216] Farfesan nan dan kasar Jamus Wilhelm Fabry ya yi imanin cewa ciwon nono na faruwa ne sakamakon wani gudanwar madara a cikin bututun mama. Farfesa dan kasar Holland Francois de la Boe Sylvius, mabiyin Descartes, ya yi imanin cewa dukkanin cututtuka sune sakamakon hanyoyin sinadarai kuma ruwan lemun tsami na acidic shine dalilin ciwon daji. Nicolaes Tulp na zamaninsa ya yi imanin cewa ciwon daji guba ne da ke yaduwa a hankali kuma ya kammala cewa yana yaduwa.[217] Likitan John Hill ya bayyana shakar taba a matsayin sanadin cutar kansar hanci a shekarar 1761.[216] Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton a shekara ta 1775 na wani likitan fida dan kasar Biritaniya Percivall Pott cewa chimney yana shafan cutar sankarau, ciwon daji na kwankwasa, cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare tsakanin sharar bututun hayaƙi.[218]. Tare da yaduwar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa a cikin karni na 18, an gano cewa 'dafin ciwon daji' ya yadu daga ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta cikin ƙwayoyin lymph zuwa wasu shafuka (&quot;metastasis&quot;). Wani likitan fiɗa na Ingila Campbell De Morgan ne ya fara tsara wannan ra'ayi na cutar tsakanin 1871 da 1874.

== Al'umma Da Al'adu ==
Al'umma da al'adu Duk da cewa cututtuka da yawa (kamar gazawar zuciya) na iya samun hasashen mafi muni fiye da mafi yawan lokuta na ciwon daji, ciwon daji shine batun tsoro da fargaba. Har ila yau ana amfani da lafazin “kananan rashin lafiya” na bayyana ciwon daji da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin tarihin mutuwa, maimakon sanya sunan cutar a sarari, yana nuna wani abin kunya da ya bayyana.[220] Har ila yau, ciwon daji ana kiransa &quot;kalmar C&quot;;[221] [222] [223] Macmillan Cancer Support yana amfani da kalmar don kokarin rage tsoro game da cutar.[224]. A Najeriya, wani sunan gida na kansa da ake fassarawa zuwa Turanci zuwa “cutar da ba za a iya warkewa ba”[225]. Wannan imani mai zurfi cewa ciwon daji dole ne mai wuyar gaske kuma yawanci cuta mai kisa yana nunawa a cikin tsarin da al'umma suka zaba don tattara kididdigar ciwon daji: mafi yawan nau'in ciwon daji-wanda ba melanoma ba, yana lissafin kusan kashi daya bisa uku na cututtukan daji a duniya, amma kadan kaɗan ne ke mutuwa[226][227]—ba a kebe su daga kididdigar ciwon daji musamman saboda ana samun saukin bi da su kuma kusan koyaushe ana warkar da su, sau da yawa a cikin hanya ɗaya, gajeriyar hanya.[228]. Tunanin yammacin duniya game da haƙƙin marasa lafiya ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa sun haɗa da alhakin bayyana cikakken yanayin lafiyar mutum, da hakkin shiga cikin yanke shawara tare ta hanyar mutunta kimar mutum. A wasu al'adu, an fi son sauran hakkoki da ƙima. Misali, yawancin al'adun Afirka suna daraja iyalai gaba daya maimakon dabi'a. A wasu sassa na Afirka, an fi sanin cutar da a makara ta yadda ba za a iya samun magani ba, kuma idan ana samun magani, za ta yi saurin ruguza iyali. A sakamakon wadannan dalilai, masu ba da kiwon lafiya na Afirka sukan bar 'yan uwa su yanke shawara ko, lokacin da kuma yadda za a bayyana cutar, kuma suna yin hakan sannu a hankali da da'ira, yayin da mutum ya nuna sha'awa da kuma ikon jure wa mummunan labari. [225] Mutane daga kasashen Asiya da Kudancin Amurka suma sun fi son a hankali, rashin gaskiya wajen bayyanawa fiye da yadda aka tsara a Amurka da Yammacin Turai, kuma sun yi imanin cewa wani lokaci zai fi kyau kada a ba da labarin cutar sankara.[225] ] Gabadaya, bayyana cutar ta ya fi yawa fiye da yadda ake yi a karni na 20, amma ba a ba da cikakken bayanin hasashen ba ga yawancin marasa lafiya a duniya.[225] A Amurka da wasu al'adu, ana daukar cutar kansa a matsayin cuta da dole ne a &quot;yaki&quot; don kawo karshen &quot;tashe-tashen hankula&quot;; An ayyana Yaƙi akan Ciwon daji a Amurka. Misalai na soja sun zama ruwan dare musamman a cikin kwatancin illolin cutar kansa, kuma suna jaddada yanayin lafiyar majiyyaci da kuma buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa da kansa maimakon jinkirtawa, yin watsi ko dogara gaba ɗaya ga wasu. Ƙididdigar soja kuma suna taimakawa wajen tantance tsattsauran ra'ayi, magunguna masu lalata.[229][230] A cikin 1970s, wani sanannen madadin maganin ciwon daji a Amurka wani nau'i ne na maganin magana na musamman, bisa ra'ayin cewa mummunan hali ne ke haifar da kansa.[231] Mutanen da ke da &quot;ɗabi'ar ciwon daji&quot;-masu bakin ciki, dannewa, ƙiyayya da kuma tsoron bayyana motsin zuciyar su-an yi imani da cewa sun bayyana kansa ta hanyar sha'awar tunani. Wasu masu ilimin halayyar dan adam sun ce maganin da zai canza tunanin majiyyaci game da rayuwa zai magance cutar kansa[231]. Daga cikin illolin, wannan imani ya baiwa al'umma damar zargin wanda aka azabtar da shi da ya haddasa cutar daji (ta hanyar &quot;son&quot; ta) ko hana maganinta (ta rashin zama cikakkiyar farin ciki, marar tsoro da ƙauna).[232]. Hakanan yana kara damuwa ga marasa lafiya, yayin da suka yi imani da kuskure cewa motsin rai na bakin ciki, fushi ko tsoro yana rage rayuwarsu.[232] Susan Sontag ta yi wa ra’ayin ba’a, wadda ta buga Illness as Metaphor yayin da take murmurewa daga maganin cutar kansar nono a 1978.[231]. Ko da yake ainihin ra'ayin yanzu gabaɗaya ana daukarsa azaman banza, ra'ayin wani kan pe

== Tasirin Tattalin Arziki ==
Tasirin Tattalin Arziki Jimillar kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya kan cutar daji a Amurka an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 80.2 a shekarar 2015.[234] Ko da yake kashe kudin kula da lafiya da ke da alaqa ya karu da cikakkiyar ma'ana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rabon kuɗin kiwon lafiya da aka keɓe don maganin cutar kansa ya kasance kusa da 5% tsakanin 1960s da 2004.[235][236]. An yi irin wannan tsari a Turai inda kusan kashi 6% na duk abin da ake kashewa na kula da lafiya ana kashewa wajen maganin ciwon daji[237][238]. Baya ga kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya da guba na kudi, ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi kai tsaye ta hanyar asarar yawan aiki saboda kwanakin rashin lafiya, rashin karfi na dindindin da nakasa gami da mutuwa da wuri a lokacin aiki. Ciwon daji yana haifar da farashi don kulawa na yau da kullun. Farashin kai tsaye da kuma farashin kulawa na yau da kullun ana kiyasta zai wuce ko daidai da kudin kula da lafiya na kansa.[239][238] 

== Wurin Aiki ==
an hada ciwon daji a matsayin yanayin kariya ta Hukumar Daidaita Ayyukan Aiki (EEOC), musamman saboda yuwuwar cutar kansa da ke da tasirin wariya ga ma'aikata.[240] Wariya a wurin aiki na iya faruwa idan mai aiki ya yi imanin karya cewa mai ciwon daji ba zai iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata ba, kuma yana iya neman ƙarin izinin rashin lafiya fiye da sauran ma'aikata. Har ila yau, masu ɗaukan ma'aikata na iya yin yanke shawara na haya ko kora bisa rashin fahimta game da nakasa ciwon daji, idan akwai. EEOC yana ba da jagororin tambayoyi ga masu daukar aiki, da kuma jerin abubuwan da za a iya magance su don tantancewa da saukar ma'aikatan da ke fama da cutar kansa.[240]

== Bincike ==
[[File:UF_CancerHospital.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[University of Florida Cancer Hospital]]]]
Bincike: Jami'ar Binciken Ciwon daji na Asibitin Cancer na Florida Domin ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka, [241][242] da wuya a sami &quot;maganin ciwon daji&quot; fiye da yadda za a sami magani guda daya don dukkan cututtuka masu yaduwa.[243] An tada tunanin masu hana Angiogenesis ba daidai ba suna da yuwuwar a matsayin maganin &quot;harsashi na azurfa&quot; da ke dacewa da nau'ikan ciwon daji da yawa.[244] Ana amfani da masu hana Angiogenesis da sauran magungunan ciwon daji a hade don rage cutar kansa da mace-mace.[245]. Ana nazarin magungunan ciwon daji na gwaji a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti don kwatanta maganin da aka tsara zuwa mafi kyawun magani. Ana iya gwada magungunan da suka yi nasara a nau'in ciwon daji guda ɗaya da sauran nau'ikan.[246] Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen bincike don inganta ingantattun hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga majiyyatan da suka dace, dangane da ilimin halittarsu daya[247]. Binciken ciwon daji yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa masu zuwa: Ma'aikata (misali kwayoyin cuta) da abubuwan da suka faru (misali maye gurbi) wadanda ke haifar ko saukake canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka kaddara su zama ciwon daji. Madaidaicin yanayin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halittar da ya shafa. Sakamakon wadancan canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta akan ilimin halitta na tantanin halitta, duka a cikin samar da ma'anar kaddarorin kwayar cutar kansa da kuma saukake ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar kansa. Ingantacciyar fahimtar ilmin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta saboda binciken cutar kansa ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa tun lokacin da shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya ayyana &quot;Yakin Ciwon daji&quot; a 1971. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasar ta kashe sama da dala biliyan 200 kan binciken cutar kansa, ciki har da albarkatu daga sassa na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu[248]. Adadin mutuwar ciwon daji (daidaita girman da shekarun yawan jama'a) ya ragu da kashi biyar tsakanin 1950 zuwa 2005.[249] Gasar don albarkatun kudi da alama ta danne kirkira, hadin gwiwa, hadarin hadari da tunanin asali da ake bukata don yin bincike na asali, ba tare da kin yarda da bincike mai karancin hadari cikin kananan hadaka havakawa sama da hadari, karin ingantaccen bincike. Sauran sakamakon gasa da alama karatu ne da yawa tare da ikirari masu ban mamaki waɗanda ba za a iya maimaita sakamakon su ba da kuma karkatattun abubuwan karfafawa wadanda ke karfafa cibiyoyin bayar da tallafi don hadaka ba tare da yin isassun jari a cikin ikonsu da wuraren aikinsu ba.[250][251][252][253] Virotherapy, wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana nazarin. Sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19, an sami damuwa cewa bincike da jiyya na cutar daji suna raguwa.[254][255]

== Juna Biyu ==
Ciwon daji na Ciwon daji yana shafar kusan 1 cikin 1,000 mata masu juna biyu. Mafi yawan ciwon daji da ake samu a lokacin daukar ciki iri daya ne da na ciwon daji da ake samu a cikin mata marasa ciki a lokacin haihuwa: kansar nono, kansar mahaifa, cutar sankarar mahaifa, lymphoma, melanoma, kansar kwai da kuma ciwon daji[256]. Gano sabon ciwon daji a cikin mace mai ciki yana da wahala, a wani bangare saboda duk wani alamun da aka saba dauka a matsayin rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullun da ke da alaqa da ciki. A sakamakon haka, ciwon daji yawanci ana gano shi a wani dan lokaci kadan fiye da matsakaici. Wasu hanyoyin hoto, irin su MRIs (hoton maganadisu na maganadisu), CT scans, duban dan tayi da mammograms tare da garkuwar tayin ana daukar lafiya yayin daukar ciki; wasu kamar su PET scans, ba su kasance ba.[256] Magani gabaɗaya iri daya ne da na mata marasa ciki. Duk da haka, ana guje wa radiation da magungunan rediyo yayin daukar ciki, musamman idan adadin tayin zai iya wuce 100 cGy. A wasu lokuta, ana jinkirta wasu ko duka jiyya har sai bayan haihuwa idan an gano ciwon daji a karshen ciki. Ana amfani da bayarwa da wuri don ciyar da farkon jiyya. Tiyata gabadaya ba ta da lafiya, amma tiyatar kashin gugu a farkon watanni uku na iya haifar da zubar da ciki. Wasu jiyya, musamman wasu magungunan chemotherapy da aka bayar yayin datsa na farko

== Sauran Dabbobi ==
Likitan dabbobi, wanda ya fi maida hankali kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, kwarewa ce mai girma a cikin kasashe masu arziki kuma ana iya ba da manyan nau'ikan jiyya na dan adam kamar tiyata da rediyo. Mafi yawan nau'ikan ciwon daji sun bambanta, amma nauyin kansar yana da alama aqalla yana da girma a cikin dabbobi kamar na mutane. Dabbobi, yawanci rodents, galibi ana amfani da su wajen bincike kan cutar kansa kuma nazarin cututtukan daji a cikin manyan dabbobi na iya amfanar bincike kan kansar ɗan adam.[257] A cikin wadanda ba mutane ba, an bayyana wasu nau'o'in ciwon daji masu yaduwa, inda ciwon daji ke yaduwa tsakanin dabbobi ta hanyar watsa kwayoyin ciwon daji da kansu. Ana ganin wannan al'amari a cikin karnuka masu ciwon sarcoma na Sticker (wanda kuma aka sani da canine transmissible venereal tumor), da kuma shaidanun Tasmania masu fama da ciwon fuska na shaidan (DFTD).

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]

== Cigaba da karatu ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bast |first1=Robert C. |last2=Croe |first2=Carlo M. |last3=Hait |first3=William N. |last4=Hong |first4=Waun Ki |last5=Kufe |first5=Donald W. |last6=Piccart-Gebhart |first6=Martine |last7=Pollock |first7=Raphael E. |last8=Weichselbaum |first8=Ralph R. |last9=Yang |first9=Hongwang |last10=Holland |first10=James F. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=onCBjwEACAAJ}} |year=2016 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-93469-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Kleinsmith |first=Lewis J. | name-list-style = vanc |title=Principles of cancer biology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LKVrAAAAMAAJ}}|year=2006|publisher=Pearson Benjamin Cummings|isbn=978-0-8053-4003-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Siddhartha |author-link=Siddhartha Mukherjee |title=The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer |year=2010 |publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-0795-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/emperorofallmala00mukh |access-date=7 August 2013 }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Pazdur | first1 = Richard | last2 = Camphausen | first2 = Kevin A. | last3 = Wagman | first3 = Lawrence D. | last4 = Hoskins | first4 = William J.| name-list-style = vanc |title=Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach | year=2009 | publisher = Cmp United Business Media | isbn = 978-1-891483-62-2 | url = http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515031918/http://www.cancernetwork.com/cancer-management-11 | archive-date = 15 May 2009 | id = {{google books |id=wbLnPAAACAAJ}} }}
* {{cite book |last=Schwab |first=Manfred | name-list-style = vanc |title=Encyclopedia of Cancer |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=mLUEf1kbbDgC}}|year= 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-36847-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Tannock |first=Ian | name-list-style = vanc |title=The basic science of oncology |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Bb4F4pj2BdYC}}|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-138774-3}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Cutar daji]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Siyasa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367632914|Siyasa]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2869" sha1="sdw48wwl5yw5113ws9dqr6a66aifbsy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Al-Farabi.jpg|alt=Old picture of Al-Farabi|thumb|Hoton [[Al Farabi|al-Farabi]], masanin falsafar Islama kuma masanin siyasa]]
'''''Siyasa''''' (Arabic: سياسة, romanized: siyāsa) is an Arabic term associated with political authority. In pre-modern Islamic literature it was used to refer to statecraft and management of the affairs of the state. This usage has given rise to the sense of &quot;politics&quot; that the word has in modern Arabic. In classical Islamic works of Greek-influenced political theory, such as [[Al Farabi|al-Farabi]]'s ''al-Siyasa al-Madaniyya'', the term refers to a branch of philosophy that studies the art of managing a polity. In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence (''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]''), the term appears in the phrase '''''siyasa shar'iyya''''', which literally means governance according to [[Shari'a|sharia]]. 

Maganar tana nufin koyarwar, wani lokacin ana kiranta bangaren siyasa na dokar Islama, wanda aka bayyana a ƙarshen zamanin da a cikin ƙoƙari na daidaita dokar Islama tare da bukatun da ake buƙata na gwamnati. Koyarwar ta jaddada manufar addini ta ikon siyasa kuma ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da dokar Islama ba tare mai tsari ba idan an buƙaci ta hanyar dacewa da la'akari da amfani. Ya fara fitowa ne don mayar da martani ga matsalolin da ka'idojin shari'ar Musulunci suka kawo, wanda ya ki amincewa da shaidar da ta dace kuma ya nace kan shaidar shaidu, yana mai da wuya a sami hukunci a kotunan da ''qadis'' (alƙalai na shari'a) ke jagoranta

A mayar da martani, masu shari'a na Islama sun ba da izinin yin amfani da tsari mafi girma a cikin iyakantaccen yanayi, kamar yin hukunci da korafe-korafe a kan jami'an gwamnati a kotunan ''mazalim'' da majalisar mai mulki ke gudanarwa da kuma aiwatar da &quot;gyara&quot; hukunci na yanke hukunci don ƙananan laifuka. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin sultanate na Mamluk, kotunan da ba na Qadi ba sun faɗaɗa ikonsu zuwa dokar kasuwanci da ta iyali, suna gudana tare da kotunan shari'a da kuma rarraba wasu ka'idojin da ''fiqh'' ya tsara. Ci gaba da ci gaban koyarwar ya yi ƙoƙari ya warware wannan tashin hankali tsakanin ƙwarewar ƙasa da shari'a. A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya an yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da canje-canjen doka da jihar ta yi saboda amfanin jama'a, muddin ba su saba wa shari'a ba. Shugabannin Ottoman sun kira shi don gabatar da tsarin gudanarwa, masu laifi, da kuma dokokin tattalin arziki da aka sani da ''Qanun'' . 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Procedural law - Summary of the legal standards in court procedures
* Al'amuran siyasa na Islama
* Maslaha
* Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya fi Islah al-Ra'i wa al-Ra&quot;iyya

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

* Najjar. &quot;Siyasa a cikin Falsafar Siyasa ta Musulunci&quot;. Ilimin tauhidin Musulunci da Falsafa: Nazarin girmamawa na George F. Hourani . Babi na 7. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rxtyWTg5__IC&amp;pg=PA91 Shafi na 91].
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2880" sha1="8o508w5rz8cbijp89r1t8qb65o3zmyi" xml:space="preserve">{data box} [[File:Al-Farabi.jpg|alt=Old picture of Al-Farabi|thumb|Hoton [[Al Farabi|al-Farabi]], masanin falsafar Islama kuma masanin siyasa]]
'''''Siyasa''''' (Arabic: سياسة, romanized: siyāsa) is an Arabic term associated with political authority. In pre-modern Islamic literature it was used to refer to statecraft and management of the affairs of the state. This usage has given rise to the sense of &quot;politics&quot; that the word has in modern Arabic. In classical Islamic works of Greek-influenced political theory, such as [[Al Farabi|al-Farabi]]'s ''al-Siyasa al-Madaniyya'', the term refers to a branch of philosophy that studies the art of managing a polity. In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence (''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]''), the term appears in the phrase '''''siyasa shar'iyya''''', which literally means governance according to [[Shari'a|sharia]]. 

Maganar tana nufin koyarwar, wani lokacin ana kiranta bangaren siyasa na dokar Islama, wanda aka bayyana a ƙarshen zamanin da a cikin ƙoƙari na daidaita dokar Islama tare da bukatun da ake buƙata na gwamnati. Koyarwar ta jaddada manufar addini ta ikon siyasa kuma ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da dokar Islama ba tare mai tsari ba idan an buƙaci ta hanyar dacewa da la'akari da amfani. Ya fara fitowa ne don mayar da martani ga matsalolin da ka'idojin shari'ar Musulunci suka kawo, wanda ya ki amincewa da shaidar da ta dace kuma ya nace kan shaidar shaidu, yana mai da wuya a sami hukunci a kotunan da ''qadis'' (alƙalai na shari'a) ke jagoranta

A mayar da martani, masu shari'a na Islama sun ba da izinin yin amfani da tsari mafi girma a cikin iyakantaccen yanayi, kamar yin hukunci da korafe-korafe a kan jami'an gwamnati a kotunan ''mazalim'' da majalisar mai mulki ke gudanarwa da kuma aiwatar da &quot;gyara&quot; hukunci na yanke hukunci don ƙananan laifuka. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin sultanate na Mamluk, kotunan da ba na Qadi ba sun faɗaɗa ikonsu zuwa dokar kasuwanci da ta iyali, suna gudana tare da kotunan shari'a da kuma rarraba wasu ka'idojin da ''fiqh'' ya tsara. Ci gaba da ci gaban koyarwar ya yi ƙoƙari ya warware wannan tashin hankali tsakanin ƙwarewar ƙasa da shari'a. A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya an yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da canje-canjen doka da jihar ta yi saboda amfanin jama'a, muddin ba su saba wa shari'a ba. Shugabannin Ottoman sun kira shi don gabatar da tsarin gudanarwa, masu laifi, da kuma dokokin tattalin arziki da aka sani da ''Qanun'' . 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Procedural law - Summary of the legal standards in court procedures
* Al'amuran siyasa na Islama
* Maslaha
* Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya fi Islah al-Ra'i wa al-Ra&quot;iyya

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

* Najjar. &quot;Siyasa a cikin Falsafar Siyasa ta Musulunci&quot;. Ilimin tauhidin Musulunci da Falsafa: Nazarin girmamawa na George F. Hourani . Babi na 7. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rxtyWTg5__IC&amp;pg=PA91 Shafi na 91].
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>8o508w5rz8cbijp89r1t8qb65o3zmyi</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Potiskum</title>
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        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
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[[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]]
'''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin  [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]]
== Tarihi ==
Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]]  mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. 

== Sarkin Potiskum ==
[[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]]
Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. 

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum.  Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]].
[[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]]
Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka;

.kasuwan dabbobi,

Kasuwar shanu, 

Kasuwar Wayoyin hannu,

.kasuwar hatsi,

Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]]
Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu.

== Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. ==
Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}}

Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023	511,448
2022	483,346
2021	454,813
2020	426,253
2019	398,160
2018	371,040
2017	345,351
2016	321,441
2015	299,186
&lt;reference &quot;wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Lamba Shua'ibu
* Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai
* Alhaji Baba Adi
* Alhaji Baba Gimba
* Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri
* Alhaji Adamu Chiroma
* Fatsuma Talba
* Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera
* Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa
* Alhaji kwalo
* Alhaji Mai Dirmi
* Alhaji Guza. 
* Hakimi Garba na malam madi
* Hajiya Uwani Bajoga
* Alhaji Musa Lawan
*Alhaji bakoji.
*alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum 
*Ummaru aljan
*alhaji mamma fara fara
*Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa
*Alhaji Adamun Mama.
*hakimi salisu auwal
*Dan baba galda
*Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau
*Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi
*muhammed Hassan dambu
*Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani
*baradan potiskum 
*Alhaji wammi nahuta
*Alhaji adamu chillariye
*Adamu waziri
*Jibir janko
*Adamu bazuwa
*alhaji isubu
*dagazurwa

== Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum ==
[[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin.

Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su.

. Noma

.Kiwo

.sana,ar hannu

.Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu.

.laka 

.yashi 

.tabo.

.dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake  Nomawa a jiar potiskum.

A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci.

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake    

ALKALUMA

An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. 

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji
*Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi
*Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics |
Dailytrust&quot; . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}}
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
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      <origin>970900</origin>
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      <text bytes="11878" sha1="mrb91zrkzvs88fm05ydxf6s97win7h5" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]]
'''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin  [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]]
== Tarihi ==
Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]]  mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. 

== Sarkin Potiskum ==
[[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]]
Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. 

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum.  Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]].
[[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]]
Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka;

.kasuwan [[dabbobi]],

Kasuwar shanu, 

Kasuwar Wayoyin hannu,(kasuwar tsaye)

.kasuwar hatsi,

Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]]
Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu.

== Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. ==
Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}}

Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023	511,448
2022	483,346
2021	454,813
2020	426,253
2019	398,160
2018	371,040
2017	345,351
2016	321,441
2015	299,186
&lt;reference &quot;wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Lamba Shua'ibu
* Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai
* Alhaji Baba Adi
* Alhaji Baba Gimba
* Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri
* Alhaji Adamu Chiroma
* Fatsuma Talba
* Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera
* Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa
* Alhaji kwalo
* Alhaji Mai Dirmi
* Alhaji Guza. 
* Hakimi Garba na malam madi
* Hajiya Uwani Bajoga
* Alhaji Musa Lawan
*Alhaji bakoji.
*alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum 
*Ummaru aljan
*alhaji mamma fara fara
*Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa
*Alhaji Adamun Mama.
*hakimi salisu auwal
*Dan baba galda
*Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau
*Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi
*muhammed Hassan dambu
*Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani
*baradan potiskum 
*Alhaji wammi nahuta
*Alhaji adamu chillariye
*Adamu waziri
*Jibir janko
*Adamu bazuwa
*alhaji isubu
*dagazurwa

== Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum ==
[[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin.

Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su.

. Noma

.Kiwo

.sana,ar hannu

.Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu.

.laka 

.yashi 

.tabo.

.dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake  Nomawa a jiar potiskum.

A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci.

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake    

ALKALUMA

An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. 

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji
*Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi
*Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics |
Dailytrust&quot; . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}}
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>mrb91zrkzvs88fm05ydxf6s97win7h5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970901</id>
      <parentid>970900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:50:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>970901</origin>
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      <text bytes="11882" sha1="iysuhgh6p4095p4e67dpsfkl3mljgzt" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]]
'''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin  [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]]
== Tarihi ==
Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]]  mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. 

== Sarkin Potiskum ==
[[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]]
Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. 

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum.  Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]].
[[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]]
Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka;

.kasuwan [[dabbobi]],

Kasuwar [[shanu]], 

Kasuwar Wayoyin hannu,(kasuwar tsaye)

.kasuwar hatsi,

Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]]
Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu.

== Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. ==
Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}}

Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023	511,448
2022	483,346
2021	454,813
2020	426,253
2019	398,160
2018	371,040
2017	345,351
2016	321,441
2015	299,186
&lt;reference &quot;wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Lamba Shua'ibu
* Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai
* Alhaji Baba Adi
* Alhaji Baba Gimba
* Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri
* Alhaji Adamu Chiroma
* Fatsuma Talba
* Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera
* Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa
* Alhaji kwalo
* Alhaji Mai Dirmi
* Alhaji Guza. 
* Hakimi Garba na malam madi
* Hajiya Uwani Bajoga
* Alhaji Musa Lawan
*Alhaji bakoji.
*alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum 
*Ummaru aljan
*alhaji mamma fara fara
*Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa
*Alhaji Adamun Mama.
*hakimi salisu auwal
*Dan baba galda
*Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau
*Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi
*muhammed Hassan dambu
*Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani
*baradan potiskum 
*Alhaji wammi nahuta
*Alhaji adamu chillariye
*Adamu waziri
*Jibir janko
*Adamu bazuwa
*alhaji isubu
*dagazurwa

== Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum ==
[[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin.

Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su.

. Noma

.Kiwo

.sana,ar hannu

.Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu.

.laka 

.yashi 

.tabo.

.dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake  Nomawa a jiar potiskum.

A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci.

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake    

ALKALUMA

An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. 

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji
*Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi
*Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics |
Dailytrust&quot; . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}}
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>970902</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11886" sha1="eqo4g9d7hjtvwelrzur3wtcm9di9bfj" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]]
'''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin  [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]]
== Tarihi ==
Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]]  mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. 

== Sarkin Potiskum ==
[[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]]
Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. 

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum.  Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]].
[[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]]
Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka;

.kasuwan [[dabbobi]],

Kasuwar [[shanu]], 

Kasuwar Wayoyin hannu,(kasuwar tsaye)

.kasuwar [[hatsi]],

Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]]
Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu.

== Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. ==
Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}}

Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023	511,448
2022	483,346
2021	454,813
2020	426,253
2019	398,160
2018	371,040
2017	345,351
2016	321,441
2015	299,186
&lt;reference &quot;wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Lamba Shua'ibu
* Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai
* Alhaji Baba Adi
* Alhaji Baba Gimba
* Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri
* Alhaji Adamu Chiroma
* Fatsuma Talba
* Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera
* Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa
* Alhaji kwalo
* Alhaji Mai Dirmi
* Alhaji Guza. 
* Hakimi Garba na malam madi
* Hajiya Uwani Bajoga
* Alhaji Musa Lawan
*Alhaji bakoji.
*alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum 
*Ummaru aljan
*alhaji mamma fara fara
*Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa
*Alhaji Adamun Mama.
*hakimi salisu auwal
*Dan baba galda
*Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau
*Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi
*muhammed Hassan dambu
*Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani
*baradan potiskum 
*Alhaji wammi nahuta
*Alhaji adamu chillariye
*Adamu waziri
*Jibir janko
*Adamu bazuwa
*alhaji isubu
*dagazurwa

== Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum ==
[[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin.

Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su.

. Noma

.Kiwo

.sana,ar hannu

.Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu.

.laka 

.yashi 

.tabo.

.dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake  Nomawa a jiar potiskum.

A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci.

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake    

ALKALUMA

An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. 

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji
*Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi
*Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics |
Dailytrust&quot; . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}}
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <id>970903</id>
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        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="11925" sha1="k1m8ks0na7fbe22qvw7dr77g07im7bf" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]]
'''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin  [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]]
== Tarihi ==
Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]]  mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. 

== Sarkin Potiskum ==
[[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]]
Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. 

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum.  Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]].
[[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]]
Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka;

.kasuwan [[dabbobi]],

Kasuwar [[shanu]], 

Kasuwar [[Wayoyin hannu da tsaron masu tafiya|Wayoyinhannu]],(kasuwar tsaye)

.kasuwar [[hatsi]],

Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]]
Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu.

== Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. ==
Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}}

Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023	511,448
2022	483,346
2021	454,813
2020	426,253
2019	398,160
2018	371,040
2017	345,351
2016	321,441
2015	299,186
&lt;reference &quot;wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Lamba Shua'ibu
* Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai
* Alhaji Baba Adi
* Alhaji Baba Gimba
* Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri
* Alhaji Adamu Chiroma
* Fatsuma Talba
* Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera
* Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa
* Alhaji kwalo
* Alhaji Mai Dirmi
* Alhaji Guza. 
* Hakimi Garba na malam madi
* Hajiya Uwani Bajoga
* Alhaji Musa Lawan
*Alhaji bakoji.
*alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum 
*Ummaru aljan
*alhaji mamma fara fara
*Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa
*Alhaji Adamun Mama.
*hakimi salisu auwal
*Dan baba galda
*Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau
*Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi
*muhammed Hassan dambu
*Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani
*baradan potiskum 
*Alhaji wammi nahuta
*Alhaji adamu chillariye
*Adamu waziri
*Jibir janko
*Adamu bazuwa
*alhaji isubu
*dagazurwa

== Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum ==
[[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin.

Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su.

. Noma

.Kiwo

.sana,ar hannu

.Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu.

.laka 

.yashi 

.tabo.

.dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake  Nomawa a jiar potiskum.

A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci.

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake    

ALKALUMA

An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. 

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji
*Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi
*Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics |
Dailytrust&quot; . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}}
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <id>49197</id>
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      <text bytes="11926" sha1="qohv6jwm3mgkn2rzrdc5r5bbmbq3men" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]]
'''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin  [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]]
== Tarihi ==
Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]]  mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. 

== Sarkin Potiskum ==
[[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]]
Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. 

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum.  Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]].
[[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]]
Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka;

.kasuwan [[dabbobi]],

Kasuwar [[shanu]], 

Kasuwar [[Wayoyin hannu da tsaron masu tafiya|Wayoyin hannu]],(kasuwar tsaye)

.kasuwar [[hatsi]],

Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]]
Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu.

== Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. ==
Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}}

Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023	511,448
2022	483,346
2021	454,813
2020	426,253
2019	398,160
2018	371,040
2017	345,351
2016	321,441
2015	299,186
&lt;reference &quot;wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Lamba Shua'ibu
* Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai
* Alhaji Baba Adi
* Alhaji Baba Gimba
* Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri
* Alhaji Adamu Chiroma
* Fatsuma Talba
* Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera
* Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa
* Alhaji kwalo
* Alhaji Mai Dirmi
* Alhaji Guza. 
* Hakimi Garba na malam madi
* Hajiya Uwani Bajoga
* Alhaji Musa Lawan
*Alhaji bakoji.
*alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum 
*Ummaru aljan
*alhaji mamma fara fara
*Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa
*Alhaji Adamun Mama.
*hakimi salisu auwal
*Dan baba galda
*Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau
*Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi
*muhammed Hassan dambu
*Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani
*baradan potiskum 
*Alhaji wammi nahuta
*Alhaji adamu chillariye
*Adamu waziri
*Jibir janko
*Adamu bazuwa
*alhaji isubu
*dagazurwa

== Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum ==
[[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin.

Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su.

. Noma

.Kiwo

.sana,ar hannu

.Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu.

.laka 

.yashi 

.tabo.

.dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake  Nomawa a jiar potiskum.

A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci.

A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. &lt;ref&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;&gt;Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;njadvaramusa&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. &lt;ref&gt;Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. &lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. 

A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake    

ALKALUMA

An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. 

== Fitattun mutane ==

* Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji
*Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi
*Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci
*Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics |
Dailytrust&quot; . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}}
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Umar M Shareef</title>
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{{Gyara Rubutu}}
'''Umar Muhammad Shareef''' Wanda aka fi sani da '''Umar M Shareef''' (An haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas miladiyya 8 April 1989) a cikin garin [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]]. Fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne na [[soyayya]] haka nan kuma mai shirya fina finan Hausa kuma jarumi a masana'antar ta [[Kannywood]]. 

Umar m Shareef yashara wajen iyah rera waqa ta salo mabanban tah ,dakumah iyah tsarawa ,mafi yawanchin yafiy amfani da kalaman soyayya wajen rera waqar ,yakan yotah a (album) wato kundi ,ko kumah guda daya. 

Umar M Shareef, fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne, na soyayya, sannan an san shi a matsayin jarumi a masana'antar [[Kannywood|Kanywood]]. Umar M Shareef yana da kyakkyawar alaka da dukkan yan wasan kwaikwayon [[Hausa]] na [[Kannywood|Kanywood]] musamman [[Ali Nuhu]] wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fito da jarumin, sannan ya samu lambar yabo daga bangare daban-daban.

== Tarihi.==
An haifi jarumin a shekarar 1989 a karamar hukumar Igabi ta [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], shahararren mawakin Hausa ne sannan kuma jarumi ne a masana'antar [[kannywood]] wanda ya shahara a kasar [[Najeriya]] da sauran kasashen afrika. Jarumi kuma mawaki yana da mabiya a kasashe da dama a fadin duniya, Wanda a kullum burinsa bai wuce ya ga ya burgesu ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629210809/https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth/ |date=2021-06-29 }} Umar M Shareef&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatu. ==
Jarumin ya fara karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Qur'ani]] tun yana yaro a gida kafin ya shiga makarantar boko wacce izuwa yanzu ya kai matakin digiri wanda ya ke yi a Jami'ar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] (KASU)

==Wakoki.==
Asalin fara wakarsa ta dalilin wata yarinya da yake so amma ya kasa sanar mata har izuwa lokacin da ya yanke shawarar tinkararta amma sai bata fito ba hakan ya sa ya tafi yana rera waka sai dai mawaqin yache haryanzu wannan Waqar tanah nan kumah batare daya bugata bah. Jarumin ya jima yana waka amma taurarinsa ya fara haskawa ne a shekara ta 2007 sannan yayi wakoki da dama a bangare daban-daban na soyayya, siyasa, da wakokin biki da suka haɗa da;

* Jinin jikina
* Sareena
* Jirginso
* Ruwan dare
* Hafiz
* Ciwon idanuna
* Arewa
* Ciwon so
* Mariya
* Wazana ba kaina
* Aisha 
* Mansoor
* Tsintuwa
* Zainabu Abu
* Kina Raina 
* Yiri yiri
* Kina nesa 
* Lamba 
* Fanan
* Khadeajah 
* Maryam
* Dadi
* Zabin Raina
* Kunhadu yan mata
* Sharhi
* Matso kusa
* dan hausa
* gidan sarauta
* lamba
* kalaman bakina
* furuchi
* nazari
* Sarki goma
* faty

=== Albums/Kundi ===
Sannan yanzu yayi albums da dama kamar su:
* [https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files Farin Jini 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212001647/https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files |date=2022-02-12 }}
* [https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs Wakokin Umar M Shareef Guda 10 Na Shekarar 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212004849/https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs |date=2022-02-12 }}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Sunan Kundi/Album !! Shekarar fita
|-
| Bako || 2018
|-
| Tsintuwa || 2016
|-
| Masoya || 2016
|-
| Kalaman bakina || 2017
|-
| Ni Da Ke || 2018
|
| Babbar Yarinya || 2017
|-
| Kuyi Hakuri || 2017
|}
|Lokaci Yayi || 2024
|}
|Fari Jini Ep || 2023
Gidan sarauta

=== '''Haɗaka''' ===
Sannan yayi wakoki da mawaka da dama kamarsu;
# [[Nura M Inuwa]]
# [[Lilin Baba]]
# Abdul D one
# [[Hamisu Breaker]]
# [[Adam A Zango]] da sauransu.

==Fina-finai==
Ya fito a finafinai da dama kamarsu;
* Mansoor
* Sareena
* Mujadala
* Hafeez
* Mariya
* Tsakaninmu
* Ciwon idanu na
* Kar ki manta Da ni
* Nass
* Zainabu Abu
* Gidan sarauta
* Amaryar lalle
* Soyayyata
* Chiwon idanuna

Bugu da kari mafi yawan fina-finansa ya fito ne a companin FKD wanda mallakin [[Ali Nuhu]] ne. Sannan shi ne mamallakin Shareef studio wanda sun shirya fina-finai kamar su
* Zarah
* Jinin jikina

== Karramawa ==
Jarumin ya sha karban kyautar karramawa da kyautar girmamawa da dama a fadin duniya daga kungiyoyi da dama kamar su

# Kannywood films award
# Afrikan actors

Da sauransu

Ayanzu yayi waqoqi da damah masu dadi 

Ah shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da shida 2026 yasaki wasu waqoqi da damah kamarsu 

.Dadi

.sharhi

.farko da qarshen, da dai sauran su

== Rayuwa ta sirri==
Ya kasance daga cikin manyan jaruman da suka ziyarci sassa daban-daban na duniya. Jarumin ya ziyarci kasashe da dama wadda suka hada da : Niger, Ghana, Cameron, Chad saudiyya,da sauransu.{{Ana bukatan hujja}}

===Iyali===
Umar M Shareef yana da mata daya Maryam da yara biyu jarumin da kuma Hafsat.

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umar M Shareef}}
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1989]]
[[Category:Mawakan Najeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>6hkftjv6mqun7s8jk9l50ol08qynx7n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971125</id>
      <parentid>971124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:05:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971125</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5012" sha1="5v2dl3u7qn8xews3c73rky6srr4ryc4" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
{{Gyara Rubutu}}
'''Umar Muhammad Shareef''' Wanda aka fi sani da '''Umar M Shareef''' (An haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas miladiyya 8 April 1989) a cikin garin [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]]. Fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne na [[soyayya]] haka nan kuma mai shirya fina finan Hausa kuma jarumi a masana'antar ta [[Kannywood]]. 

Umar m Shareef yashara wajen iyah rera waqa ta salo mabanban tah ,dakumah iyah tsarawa ,mafi yawanchin yafiy amfani da kalaman soyayya wajen rera waqar ,yakan yotah a (album) wato kundi ,ko kumah guda daya. 

Umar M Shareef, fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne, na soyayya, sannan an san shi a matsayin jarumi a masana'antar [[Kannywood|Kanywood]]. Umar M Shareef yana da kyakkyawar alaka da dukkan yan wasan kwaikwayon [[Hausa]] na [[Kannywood|Kanywood]] musamman [[Ali Nuhu]] wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fito da jarumin, sannan ya samu lambar yabo daga bangare daban-daban.

== Tarihi.==
An haifi jarumin a shekarar 1989 a karamar hukumar Igabi ta [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], shahararren mawakin Hausa ne sannan kuma jarumi ne a masana'antar [[kannywood]] wanda ya shahara a kasar [[Najeriya]] da sauran kasashen afrika. Jarumi kuma mawaki yana da mabiya a kasashe da dama a fadin duniya, Wanda a kullum burinsa bai wuce ya ga ya burgesu ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629210809/https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth/ |date=2021-06-29 }} Umar M Shareef&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatu. ==
Jarumin ya fara karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Qur'ani]] tun yana yaro a gida kafin ya shiga makarantar boko wacce izuwa yanzu ya kai matakin digiri wanda ya ke yi a Jami'ar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] (KASU)

==Wakoki.==
Asalin fara wakarsa ta dalilin wata yarinya da yake so amma ya kasa sanar mata har izuwa lokacin da ya yanke shawarar tinkararta amma sai bata fito ba hakan ya sa ya tafi yana rera waka sai dai mawaqin yache haryanzu wannan Waqar tanah nan kumah batare daya bugata bah. Jarumin ya jima yana waka amma taurarinsa ya fara haskawa ne a shekara ta 2007 sannan yayi wakoki da dama a bangare daban-daban na soyayya, siyasa, da wakokin biki da suka haɗa da;

* Jinin jikina
* Sareena
* Jirginso
* Ruwan dare
* Hafiz
* Ciwon idanuna
* Arewa
* Ciwon so
* Mariya
* Wazana ba kaina
* Aisha 
* Mansoor
* Tsintuwa
* Zainabu Abu
* Kina Raina 
* Yiri yiri
* Kina nesa 
* Lamba 
* Fanan
* Khadeajah 
* Maryam
* Dadi
* Zabin Raina
* Kunhadu yan mata
* Sharhi
* Matso kusa
* dan hausa
* gidan sarauta
* lamba
* kalaman bakina
* furuchi
* nazari
* Sarki goma
* faty

=== Albums/Kundi ===
Sannan yanzu yayi albums da dama kamar su:
* [https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files Farin Jini 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212001647/https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files |date=2022-02-12 }}
* [https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs Wakokin Umar M Shareef Guda 10 Na Shekarar 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212004849/https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs |date=2022-02-12 }}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Sunan Kundi/Album !! Shekarar fita
|-
| Bako || 2018
|-
| Tsintuwa || 2016
|-
| Masoya || 2016
|-
| Kalaman bakina || 2017
|-
| Ni Da Ke || 2018
|
| Babbar Yarinya || 2017
|-
| Kuyi Hakuri || 2017
|}
|Lokaci Yayi || 2024
|}
|Fari Jini Ep || 2023
Gidan sarauta

=== '''Haɗaka''' ===
Sannan yayi wakoki da mawaka da dama kamarsu;
# [[Nura M Inuwa]]
# [[Lilin Baba]]
# Abdul D one
# [[Hamisu Breaker]]
# [[Adam A Zango]] da sauransu.

==Fina-finai==
Ya fito a finafinai da dama kamarsu;
* Mansoor
* Sareena
* Mujadala
* Hafeez
* Mariya
* Tsakaninmu
* Ciwon idanu na
* Kar ki manta Da ni
* Nass
* Zainabu Abu
* Gidan sarauta
* Amaryar lalle
* Soyayyata(new series in 2026)
* Chiwon idanuna
* laila (new series in 2026)

Bugu da kari mafi yawan fina-finansa ya fito ne a companin FKD wanda mallakin [[Ali Nuhu]] ne. Sannan shi ne mamallakin Shareef studio wanda sun shirya fina-finai kamar su
* Zarah
* Jinin jikina

== Karramawa ==
Jarumin ya sha karban kyautar karramawa da kyautar girmamawa da dama a fadin duniya daga kungiyoyi da dama kamar su

# Kannywood films award
# Afrikan actors

Da sauransu

Ayanzu yayi waqoqi da damah masu dadi 

Ah shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da shida 2026 yasaki wasu waqoqi da damah kamarsu 

.Dadi

.sharhi

.farko da qarshen, da dai sauran su

== Rayuwa ta sirri==
Ya kasance daga cikin manyan jaruman da suka ziyarci sassa daban-daban na duniya. Jarumin ya ziyarci kasashe da dama wadda suka hada da : Niger, Ghana, Cameron, Chad saudiyya,da sauransu.{{Ana bukatan hujja}}

===Iyali===
Umar M Shareef yana da mata daya Maryam da yara biyu jarumin da kuma Hafsat.

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umar M Shareef}}
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1989]]
[[Category:Mawakan Najeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>5v2dl3u7qn8xews3c73rky6srr4ryc4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971126</id>
      <parentid>971125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:06:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971126</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5016" sha1="stpmpajo6ffwtgkxiyeaix4vuwmybv6" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
{{Gyara Rubutu}}
'''Umar Muhammad Shareef''' Wanda aka fi sani da '''Umar M Shareef''' (An haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas miladiyya 8 April 1989) a cikin garin [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]]. Fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne na [[soyayya]] haka nan kuma mai shirya fina finan Hausa kuma jarumi a masana'antar ta [[Kannywood]]. 

Umar m Shareef yashara wajen iyah rera waqa ta salo mabanban tah ,dakumah iyah tsarawa ,mafi yawanchin yafiy amfani da kalaman soyayya wajen rera waqar ,yakan yotah a (album) wato kundi ,ko kumah guda daya. 

Umar M Shareef, fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne, na soyayya, sannan an san shi a matsayin jarumi a masana'antar [[Kannywood|Kanywood]]. Umar M Shareef yana da kyakkyawar alaka da dukkan yan wasan kwaikwayon [[Hausa]] na [[Kannywood|Kanywood]] musamman [[Ali Nuhu]] wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fito da jarumin, sannan ya samu lambar yabo daga bangare daban-daban.

== Tarihi.==
An haifi jarumin a shekarar 1989 a karamar hukumar Igabi ta [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], shahararren mawakin Hausa ne sannan kuma jarumi ne a masana'antar [[kannywood]] wanda ya shahara a kasar [[Najeriya]] da sauran kasashen afrika. Jarumi kuma mawaki yana da mabiya a kasashe da dama a fadin duniya, Wanda a kullum burinsa bai wuce ya ga ya burgesu ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629210809/https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth/ |date=2021-06-29 }} Umar M Shareef&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatu. ==
Jarumin ya fara karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Qur'ani]] tun yana yaro a gida kafin ya shiga makarantar boko wacce izuwa yanzu ya kai matakin digiri wanda ya ke yi a Jami'ar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] (KASU)

==Wakoki.==
Asalin fara wakarsa ta dalilin wata yarinya da yake so amma ya kasa sanar mata har izuwa lokacin da ya yanke shawarar tinkararta amma sai bata fito ba hakan ya sa ya tafi yana rera waka sai dai mawaqin yache haryanzu wannan Waqar tanah nan kumah batare daya bugata bah. Jarumin ya jima yana waka amma taurarinsa ya fara haskawa ne a shekara ta 2007 sannan yayi wakoki da dama a bangare daban-daban na soyayya, siyasa, da wakokin biki da suka haɗa da;

* Jinin jikina
* Sareena
* Jirginso
* Ruwan dare
* Hafiz
* Ciwon idanuna
* Arewa
* Ciwon so
* Mariya
* Wazana ba kaina
* Aisha 
* Mansoor
* Tsintuwa
* Zainabu Abu
* Kina Raina 
* Yiri yiri
* Kina nesa 
* Lamba 
* Fanan
* Khadeajah 
* Maryam
* Dadi
* Zabin Raina
* Kunhadu yan mata
* Sharhi
* Matso kusa
* dan hausa
* gidan sarauta
* lamba
* kalaman bakina
* furuchi
* nazari
* Sarki goma
* faty

=== Albums/Kundi ===
Sannan yanzu yayi albums da dama kamar su:
* [https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files Farin Jini 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212001647/https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files |date=2022-02-12 }}
* [https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs Wakokin Umar M Shareef Guda 10 Na Shekarar 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212004849/https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs |date=2022-02-12 }}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Sunan Kundi/Album !! Shekarar fita
|-
| Bako || 2018
|-
| Tsintuwa || 2016
|-
| Masoya || 2016
|-
| Kalaman bakina || 2017
|-
| Ni Da Ke || 2018
|
| Babbar Yarinya || 2017
|-
| Kuyi Hakuri || 2017
|}
|Lokaci Yayi || 2024
|}
|Fari Jini Ep || 2023
Gidan sarauta

=== '''Haɗaka''' ===
Sannan yayi wakoki da mawaka da dama kamarsu;
# [[Nura M Inuwa]]
# [[Lilin Baba]]
# Abdul D one
# [[Hamisu Breaker]]
# [[Adam A Zango]] da sauransu.

==Fina-finai==
Ya fito a finafinai da dama kamarsu;
* Mansoor
* Sareena
* Mujadala
* Hafeez
* Mariya
* Tsakaninmu
* Ciwon idanu na
* Kar ki manta Da ni
* Nass
* Zainabu Abu
* Gidan sarauta
* Amaryar lalle
* Soyayyata(new series in 2026)
* Chiwon idanuna
* laila (new series in 2026)

Bugu da kari mafi yawan fina-finansa ya fito ne a companin FKD wanda mallakin [[Ali Nuhu]] ne. Sannan shi ne mamallakin Shareef studio wanda sun shirya fina-finai kamar su
* Zarah
* Jinin jikina

== Karramawa ==
Jarumin ya sha karban kyautar karramawa da kyautar girmamawa da dama a fadin duniya daga kungiyoyi da dama kamar su

# [[Kannywood]] films award
# Afrikan actors

Da sauransu

Ayanzu yayi waqoqi da damah masu dadi 

Ah shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da shida 2026 yasaki wasu waqoqi da damah kamarsu 

.Dadi

.sharhi

.farko da qarshen, da dai sauran su

== Rayuwa ta sirri==
Ya kasance daga cikin manyan jaruman da suka ziyarci sassa daban-daban na duniya. Jarumin ya ziyarci kasashe da dama wadda suka hada da : Niger, Ghana, Cameron, Chad saudiyya,da sauransu.{{Ana bukatan hujja}}

===Iyali===
Umar M Shareef yana da mata daya Maryam da yara biyu jarumin da kuma Hafsat.

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umar M Shareef}}
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1989]]
[[Category:Mawakan Najeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>stpmpajo6ffwtgkxiyeaix4vuwmybv6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971127</id>
      <parentid>971126</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5027" sha1="3oo8a092arpwli0tfv0cbe3wmm72jue" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
{{Gyara Rubutu}}
'''Umar Muhammad Shareef''' Wanda aka fi sani da '''Umar M Shareef''' (An haife shi a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas miladiyya 8 April 1989) a cikin garin [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]]. Fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne na [[soyayya]] haka nan kuma mai shirya fina finan Hausa kuma jarumi a masana'antar ta [[Kannywood]]. 

Umar m Shareef yashara wajen iyah rera waqa ta salo mabanban tah ,dakumah iyah tsarawa ,mafi yawanchin yafiy amfani da kalaman soyayya wajen rera waqar ,yakan yotah a (album) wato kundi ,ko kumah guda daya. 

Umar M Shareef, fitaccen mawakin [[Hausa]] ne, na soyayya, sannan an san shi a matsayin jarumi a masana'antar [[Kannywood|Kanywood]]. Umar M Shareef yana da kyakkyawar alaka da dukkan yan wasan kwaikwayon [[Hausa]] na [[Kannywood|Kanywood]] musamman [[Ali Nuhu]] wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fito da jarumin, sannan ya samu lambar yabo daga bangare daban-daban.

== Tarihi.==
An haifi jarumin a shekarar 1989 a karamar hukumar Igabi ta [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], shahararren mawakin Hausa ne sannan kuma jarumi ne a masana'antar [[kannywood]] wanda ya shahara a kasar [[Najeriya]] da sauran kasashen afrika. Jarumi kuma mawaki yana da mabiya a kasashe da dama a fadin duniya, Wanda a kullum burinsa bai wuce ya ga ya burgesu ba.&lt;ref&gt;https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629210809/https://naijadailys.com.ng/umar-m-shareef-biography-and-net-worth/ |date=2021-06-29 }} Umar M Shareef&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatu. ==
Jarumin ya fara karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Qur'ani]] tun yana yaro a gida kafin ya shiga makarantar boko wacce izuwa yanzu ya kai matakin digiri wanda ya ke yi a Jami'ar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] (KASU)

==Wakoki.==
Asalin fara wakarsa ta dalilin wata yarinya da yake so amma ya kasa sanar mata har izuwa lokacin da ya yanke shawarar tinkararta amma sai bata fito ba hakan ya sa ya tafi yana rera waka sai dai mawaqin yache haryanzu wannan Waqar tanah nan kumah batare daya bugata bah. Jarumin ya jima yana waka amma taurarinsa ya fara haskawa ne a shekara ta 2007 sannan yayi wakoki da dama a bangare daban-daban na soyayya, siyasa, da wakokin biki da suka haɗa da;

* Jinin jikina
* Sareena
* Jirginso
* Ruwan dare
* Hafiz
* Ciwon idanuna
* Arewa
* Ciwon so
* Mariya
* Wazana ba kaina
* Aisha 
* Mansoor
* Tsintuwa
* Zainabu Abu
* Kina Raina 
* Yiri yiri
* Kina nesa 
* Lamba 
* Fanan
* Khadeajah 
* Maryam
* Dadi
* Zabin Raina
* Kunhadu yan mata
* Sharhi
* Matso kusa
* dan hausa
* gidan sarauta
* lamba
* kalaman bakina
* furuchi
* nazari
* Sarki goma
* faty

=== Albums/Kundi ===
Sannan yanzu yayi albums da dama kamar su:
* [https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files Farin Jini 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212001647/https://naijadrop.com/album-umar-m-shareef-farin-jini-2022-album-complete-audio-zip-files |date=2022-02-12 }}
* [https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs Wakokin Umar M Shareef Guda 10 Na Shekarar 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212004849/https://naijadrop.com/umar-m-shareef-album-2020-top-10-mp3-songs |date=2022-02-12 }}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Sunan Kundi/Album !! Shekarar fita
|-
| Bako || 2018
|-
| Tsintuwa || 2016
|-
| Masoya || 2016
|-
| Kalaman bakina || 2017
|-
| Ni Da Ke || 2018
|
| Babbar Yarinya || 2017
|-
| Kuyi Hakuri || 2017
|}
|Lokaci Yayi || 2024
|}
|Fari Jini Ep || 2023
Gidan sarauta

=== '''Haɗaka''' ===
Sannan yayi wakoki da mawaka da dama kamarsu;
# [[Nura M Inuwa]]
# [[Lilin Baba]]
# Abdul D one
# [[Hamisu Breaker]]
# [[Adam A Zango]] da sauransu.

==Fina-finai==
Ya fito a finafinai da dama kamarsu;
* Mansoor
* Sareena
* Mujadala
* Hafeez
* Mariya
* Tsakaninmu
* Ciwon idanu na
* Kar ki manta Da ni
* Nass
* Zainabu Abu
* Gidan sarauta
* Amaryar lalle
* Soyayyata(new series in 2026)
* Chiwon idanuna
* laila (new series in 2026)

Bugu da kari mafi yawan fina-finansa ya fito ne a companin FKD wanda mallakin [[Ali Nuhu]] ne. Sannan shi ne mamallakin Shareef studio wanda sun shirya fina-finai kamar su
* Zarah
* Jinin jikina

== Karramawa ==
Jarumin ya sha karban kyautar karramawa da kyautar girmamawa da dama a fadin duniya daga kungiyoyi da dama kamar su

# [[Kannywood]] films award
# [[Afirka|Afrikan]] actors

Da sauransu

Ayanzu yayi waqoqi da damah masu dadi 

Ah shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da shida 2026 yasaki wasu waqoqi da damah kamarsu 

.Dadi

.sharhi

.farko da qarshen, da dai sauran su

== Rayuwa ta sirri==
Ya kasance daga cikin manyan jaruman da suka ziyarci sassa daban-daban na duniya. Jarumin ya ziyarci kasashe da dama wadda suka hada da : Niger, Ghana, Cameron, Chad saudiyya,da sauransu.{{Ana bukatan hujja}}

===Iyali===
Umar M Shareef yana da mata daya Maryam da yara biyu jarumin da kuma Hafsat.

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umar M Shareef}}
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1989]]
[[Category:Mawakan Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maupe Ogun</title>
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        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Maupe_Ogun-Yusuf,_2021.jpg|Maupe_Ogun-Yusuf,_2021.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Captain-tucker|Captain-tucker]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: https://web.archive.org/web/20210211050817/https://www.cha</comment>
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      <text bytes="4592" sha1="dnz8tg7xejifbu1ajs9qnyif8i5sqsq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Maupe Ogun''' ta kasance ma’aikaciyar watsa labarai ce kuma yar jaridar Najeriya. Ita ce kuma take gudanar da shirin ''unrise Daily'' a gidan talabijin na [[Gidan Telebijin Channels|Channels TV]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/our-woman-crush-this-wednesday-is-maupe-ogun-yusuf/90sej9l|title=Our Woman Crush this Wednesday is Maupe Ogun-Yusuf|last=Onyeakagbu|first=Adaobi|date=28 November 2018|publisher=Pulse NG|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517001359/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/our-woman-crush-this-wednesday-is-maupe-ogun-yusuf/90sej9l|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Ilimi ==
Maupe tana karatun digiri ne daga Jami'ar Legas inda ta sami BA a Turanci. Daga baya ta ci gaba da digirin digirinta na digiri na biyu a jami'ar East Anglia a Norwich.&lt;ref name=&quot;maupe&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maupe Ogun, Co-Host Sunrise Daily – Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/meet-the-team/presenters/maupe-ogun-co-host-sunrise-daily/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;marriage&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Pictures From Channels TV's Maupe Ogun's Wedding - P.M. News|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/12/31/pictures-channels-tvs-maupe-oguns-wedding/|website=www.pmnewsnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Aikin labarai ==
[[Fayil:Secretary Blinken Participates in an Interview (51699671712) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Maupe Ogun a gefe]]
Maupe shi ne babban hadadden wasan kwaikwayo na safiya, ''Sunrise Daily'' a Channels TV . Ta shiga gidan talabijin na Channels a shekarar 2009.  An gurfanar da ita gaban kotu tare da manajan gidan talabijin na Channels a shekarar 2018 bisa zargin bayar da wani dandamali ga wasu maganganun na ra'ayi game da batun tsakanin [[ Olisa Metuh|Olisa Metuh]] da Gwamnatin Tarayya.  Ta kuma dauki bakuncin rikice-rikicen rayuwa wanda ya faru tsakanin Jimoh Moshood, Babban Sufeto Janar na 'yan sanda, da Terver Akase, Babban Sakataren Yada Labarai na gwamnan jihar [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]] . Dole ne a cire wasan don iska saboda jita-jita mai zafi tsakanin duo.&lt;ref name=&quot;marriage2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Pictures From Channels TV's Maupe Ogun's Wedding - P.M. News|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/12/31/pictures-channels-tvs-maupe-oguns-wedding/|website=www.pmnewsnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;arrest&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=I Thought It Was All A Joke, Says Channels TV's Maupe Ogun After Appearing In Court|url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/05/25/i-thought-it-was-all-joke-says-channels-tvs-maupe-ogun-after-appearing-court|website=Sahara Reporters|date=25 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ortom&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Gov. Ortom is a drowning man - Police spokesman + video -|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/gov-ortom-is-a-drowning-man-police-spokesman-video/|website=The Eagle Online|date=6 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Lamban girma ==
Ta sami lambar yabo ta kwararru daga Majalisar Burtaniya Bidiyon Ingilishi ta UK a shekarar 2016.  Ta kuma sami kyautar ficewa ta Gidan Rediyon Broadcaster daga Cibiyar hulda da jama'a ta Najeriya a shekarar 2019. An kuma sanya mata suna a cikin mafi kyawun 100 ta lambar yabo ta Jaridar Sun Leadership.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=#LeadingLadySpotlight: Maupe Ogun-Yusuf, Senior Presenter, Reporter &amp; Producer at Channels TV – Leading Ladies Africa|url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/leadingladyspotlight-maupe-ogun-yusuf-senior-presenter-reporter-producer-at-channels-tv/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Inaugural Alumni Education UK Awards Ceremony Holds In Lagos|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/03/12/inaugural-alumni-education-uk-awards-ceremony-holds-in-lagos/|website=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwarta ==
Ta yi aure da Bamidele Mohammed Yussuf a ranar 28 ga Disamba 28, 2017.  Ta haifi ɗanta na farko a [[Texas]], Amurka a cikin 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;marriage3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Pictures From Channels TV's Maupe Ogun's Wedding - P.M. News|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/12/31/pictures-channels-tvs-maupe-oguns-wedding/|website=www.pmnewsnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;birth&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Nigeria|first1=Information|title=Popular Channels TV Anchor, Maupe Ogun-Yusuf Delivers Baby Girl|url=https://www.informationng.com/2018/11/popular-channels-tv-anchor-maupe-ogun-yusuf-delivers-baby-girl.html|website=Information Nigeria|date=16 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Channels’ Maupe Ogun Ties The Knot In Lagos|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/channels-maupe-ogun-ties-knot-lagos/|website=City People Magazine|date=29 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Yar Jarida]]
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adesua Etomi</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
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[[Fayil:Adesuwa Etomi at Tobi Bakre wedding.jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]]
'''Adesua Etomi-Wellington''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Adesua Etomi''' (An haife tane a Ranar 22 ga watan  GA watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988),&lt;ref&gt;Adesua Etomi Biography&quot;. ''Naij''. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May2017&lt;/ref&gt; ta kasan ce yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Badmus, Kayode (22 February 2016). &quot;Adesua Etomi: Life of a 'first class' graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year&quot;. Nigerian Entertainment Today. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adebayo, Tireni (11 February 2022). &quot;Adesua Etomi's new musical video, 'Natural' wows fans&quot;. ''Kemi Filani News''. Retrieved 15 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekara ta 2014, ta yi fim dinta na farko ''Knocking On sama's Door'' .&lt;ref&gt;Izuzu, Chidumga. &quot;Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year&quot;. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085852/http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;Ta sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin lambar yabo ta wasan kwaikwayo a kyautar Zazzagewa na Mafificin Mawallafin Wasannin Tsarin Afirka na shekarar 2016 saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Romantic na Falling.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|title=#AMVCA2016 … and the Winners are Genevieve Nnaji, Stephanie Linus, Folarin ‘Falz’ Falana, Funke Akindele &amp; More - See Full List|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011434/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|title=Adesua Etomi: Life Of A 'first Class' Graduate Turned Screen Diva As She Celebrates Another Year - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=22, February 2016|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archive-date=24 February 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|title=Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802215344/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|archive-date=2 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Badmus|first1=Kayode|title=Adesua Etomi: Life of a ‘first class’ graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archivedate=24 February 2016|date=22 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuruciya da ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Adesua Etomi.jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]]
An kuma haifi Tolulope Adesua Etomi  ne a [[Owerri]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi&quot;. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi&quot;. Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May2017.&lt;/ref&gt; a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 1988. Yawancin manyan kafofin sun ambata shekarar haihuwarta kamar shekarar 1988. Koyaya, a cikin wata hira da aka buga a watan Janairun 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|website=Daily Media|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |title=10 wonderful things to know about Adesua Etomi |date=3 May 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526045123/http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |archive-date=26 May 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|title=Adesua Etomi Biography|website=Naij|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517023416/https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|archive-date=17 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dailymedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|title=The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508201131/http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Etomi ta fada wa ''Pulse Nigeria'' cewa ta cika shekara 29 da haihuwa. Bugu da kari, ''Answers Africa sun'' buga wata kasida a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 cewa tana da shekara 30.  Mahaifinta sojan Esan ne kuma mahaifiyarta injiniya ce daga zuriyar Yarrabawa .  Ita ce mafi kankanta a cikin sibyan uwan uku.  Etomi ta halarci makarantar Corona a Victoria Island, Legas, inda ta shiga kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo tun tana shekara bakwai. Bayan nan, ta halarci Kwalejin Sarauniya, Legas kafin ta koma [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] a lokacin tana da shekara 13.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|title=Africa's Best Actress of the Year; Adesua Etomi|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220846/https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |title=Full Interview: Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Chats With Pulse TV |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006020651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |archive-date=6 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|title=Nollywood Actress Adesua Etoni: I'm from Esan Tribe from Edo State, My Mother is Yoruba|website=Naija Gists|date=2 April 2016|accessdate=5 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822102025/http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|title=Birthday Turnup! Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Celebrates with Gideon Okeke, Gbenro Ajibade, Osas Ighodaro, Linda Ejiofor &amp; More|publisher=|access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610223705/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://issuu.com/vanguardngr/docs/allure_05062016|publisher=Allure Magazine (Vanguard)|page=13|author=Yemisi Suleiman|title=AMAA Nominees 2016|date=5, June 2016|accessdate=8 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya adesua Etomi ta sami difloma a cikin &quot;wasan kwaikwayo na zahiri, wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide da kuma yin zane-zane&quot; daga Makarantar Koleji ta City a shekarar 2004. Bayan kammala wadannan kwasa-kwasan a shekarar 2006 tare da rarrabewa sau uku, ta karanci wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wolverhampton, ta kammala tare da girmamawa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin fim ==
Amintattun finafinan Adesua Etomi sun hada da ''The Arbitration'',  ''Bikin Aure'',  da ''Falling'' .&lt;ref&gt;https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/&lt;/ref&gt;  Ayyukanta a cikin ''Falling ta'' sami kyautar Kyaututtukan Masu kallo na Afirka na 2016 don Kyautatawa cikin yan wasa.  Sauran mashahuran fina-finan da ta fito a ciki sun hada da ''Labarin Soja'' (2015), ''[[ Ba a cikin Luck (fim din 2015)|Out of Luck]]'' (2015),  and ''Couple of Days'' (2016). Adesua Etomi ta buga wasan kwaikwayon Shiela a karo na hudu da biyar na ''Shuga'', gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin game da rigakafin cutar kanjamau . Adesua Etomi tla fara wasa kamar Amaka Obiora, jami'in 'yan sanda mai ''leken asiri'', a cikin jerin ''manyan'' laifuffuka na ''Lasisiidi Lasisi'', wanda aka yi jita-jita a watan Yuni na shekarar 2016 a talabijin.  Hakanan an ba ta cikin jerin sunayen taurari 14 na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|title=Actress, Adesua Etomi covers Vogue with 13 other ‘global superstars’|last=Published|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726042649/https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|title=NET Films: Watch O.C Ukeje and Adesua Etomi in new movie The Arbitration - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games|date=28 July 2016|publisher=|access-date=10, May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715085324/http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|archive-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|title=‘The Wedding Party’ of Banky W and Adesua Etomi - Premium Times Nigeria|date=11 November 2016|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507210821/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Are You Ready for 'Lasgidi Cops: Special Crimes Unit'? Watch the Trailer of the Crime Series starring Joke Silva, Bimbo Akintola &amp; More!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=12 May 2017|date=3 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165843/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|archive-date=2 October 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|title=Adesua Etomi Best Actress 2016 AMVCA ▷ All News ▷ Naij.com|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175442/https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|title=Nollywood Movie 'Falling' Which Stars Desmond Elliot And Adesua Etomi To Hit Cinemas In September - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=13 August 2015|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820185725/http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|archive-date=20 August 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|title=This Movie Trailer is a Must Watch! Linda Ejiofor, Femi Branch, Jide Kosoko, Tope Tedela &amp; More in 'Out of Luck'|publisher=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011430/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|title=&quot;Couple of Days&quot;: Watch Adesua Etomi, Falz, Enyinna Nwigwe, Kiki Omeili in behind the scenes|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623190031/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu &amp; Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011530/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|title=MTV Shuga Behind the Scnenes - Adesua Etomi talks about her character Sheila in MTV Shuga 4|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102220251/http://www.mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|title=MTV Shuga character profile - Sheila|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205210959/http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar ta ==
Adesua Etomi ta tsoma hannu tare da [[Banky W]] a watan Fabrairun alib 2017. Ma'auratan sun yi bikin aurensu na gargajiya a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, bikin aure a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba da farin bikin aure a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2017; An kuma gudanar da bikin na karshen ne a [[Cape Town|Cape Town,  Afirka ta Kudu]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=#BAAD2017: Presents Banky W and Adesua Etomi’s White Wedding|url=https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|website=The Informant Spy|accessdate=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805100602/https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|archive-date=5 August 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|title=See photos of Banky W and Adesua Etomi at their introduction ceremony|date=2017-05-06|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523051108/http://www.thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|archive-date=23 May 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Jayne Augoye|title=It’s no movie, BankyW and actress Adesua Etomi announce engagement|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=3 May 2017|date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503172955/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|archive-date=3 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina finai ==

=== Gajeren fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Bayanai
|-
|2013
|''The Call''
|Tara
|
|-
|2014
|''Brave''
|Layo
|
|-
|2014
|''Knocking On Heaven's Door''
|Debbie
|
|-
|2015
|''Falling''
|Muna
|
|-
|2015
|''A Soldier's Story''
|Lebari
|
|-
|2015
|''Out of Luck''
|Bisola
|
|-
|2016
|''Couple of Days''
|Nina
|
|-
|2016
|''The Arbitration''
|Dara Olujobi
|
|-
|2016
|''Something Wicked''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|2016
|''The Wedding Party''
|Dunni Coker
|
|-
|2016
|''Ayamma: Music In The Desert''
|Ayamma/Iko/Ihuoma
|
|-
|2017
|''10 Days In Sun City''
|Bianca
|
|-
|2017
|''The Wedding Party 2''
|Dunni Onwuka
|
|-
|2018
|''Date Night''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''King of Boys''
|Adekemi Salami
|
|-
|2018
|''Memoirs of 4''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''Up North''
|Zainab
|
|-
|2019
|''Muna''
|Muna
|
|-
|2019
|''Malika: Warrior Queen''
|Malika
|}
''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://youneekstudios.com/malika/|title=Malika: Warrior Queen|website=YouNeek Studios|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124173053/http://youneekstudios.com/malika|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|title=Adesua Etomi-Wellington Shines In Action Film, ‘Muna'|publisher=[[Leadership]]|accessdate=13 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613105529/https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|archive-date=13 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu &amp; Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122221422/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|title=Movie Review: Knocking On Heaven's Door - 360Nobs.com|author=Efeturi|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011531/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|title=Trailer For Short Nigerian Film BRAVE Starring Wole Ojo and Adesua Etomi|author=Mistah Cole|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011533/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|title=A Soldier’s Story – Featuring Linda Ejiofor, Tope Tedela, Adesua Etomi, Daniel K Daniel|work=Pride Magazine Nigeria|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011426/http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|title='Out of Luck': Watch Femi Branch, Tope Tedela, Linda Ejiofor, Niyi Johnson in trailer|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184843/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenet.ng&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|title=Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days'Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days' - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=11 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|title=Watch Adesua Etomi, Gbenro Ajibade &amp; More In The Trailer For 'Memoirs Of 4'|last=Animashaun|first=Damilola|date=2018-02-20|website=Konbini Nigeria|language=en-NG|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|title=Anticipate AY Makun’s Next Movie &quot;10 Days In Sun City&quot; starring Richard Mofe-Damijo, Adesua Etomi, 2Baba &amp; More - See More BTS Photos &amp; a New Teaser - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217034316/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|title=&quot;Ayanmma : Music in the Forest&quot;: Photos of Adesua Etomi, Wale Ojo, Majid Michel, Ime Bishop on set|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622162744/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|archive-date=22 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|title=The Star-Studded Teaser for 'The Arbitration' is Here, Starring O.C Ukeje, Adesua Etomi, Ireti Doyle, Sola Fosudo, Beverly Naya &amp; More|publisher=BellaNaija|date=2 August 2016|access-date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623143342/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|title=Watch the Teaser of “Something Wicked” starring Ireti Doyle, Okey Uzoeshi, Adesua Etomi, Gabriel Afolayan, Beverly Naya &amp; More|publisher=|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133716/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|title=Banky W, Adesua Etomi, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Ireti Doyle, Sola Sobowale &amp; More to Star in EbonyLife Films' &quot;The Wedding Party&quot; - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=9 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917181814/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

=== Fim din talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Bayanai
|-
|2012
|''Smooth Promotions''
|Reporter/Presenter
|TV Station
|-
|2014
|''Gidi Up'' (season 2) ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|title=Cast - MTV Shuga|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512020606/http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sharon
|Series
|-
|2015
|''Las Gidi Cops &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|title=Adesua Etomi, Sharon Ezeamaka, Others: TV series stars spend time with fans ahead of season|author=Vwovwe Egbo|date=5 September 2015|work=pulse.ng|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083258/http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Amaka Obiora
|Series
|-
|2015
|''Shuga'' (season 4) ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|title=Watch episode 8 of &quot;MTV Shuga: Down South&quot;|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511034123/http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sheila
|Series
|-
|2017
|''Shuga: Down South &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|title=Edwin Ikenna Madu: Reviewing ‘Lasgidi Cops – Special Crimes Unit’|author=Edwin I. Madu|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220092347/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|archive-date=20 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|title=Meet the Stars of Gidi Up, Season 2|work=Encomium Magazine|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923123945/http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sheila
|Series
|}

=== Wasa a tiyata ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Kamfanin wasa
|-
|2004
|''The Crucible''
|John Proctor
|City College Production
|-
|2005
|''Miss Saigon''
|John Thomas
|City College Production
|-
|2006
|''Jesus Christ Superstar''
|Judas
|City College Production
|-
|2008
|''Fractal''
|The Oppressed
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2009
|''The Grimm Tales''
|Dwarf/Witch
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2009
|''Not My Cup Of Tea''
|Immigrant
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2012
|''The Miller's Tale''
|Alice
|Saga Tiata - Edinburge Fringe Festival
|-
|2013
|''Anatomy Of A Woman''
|Bolatito
|Lagos Theater Festival
|-
|2013
|''Shattered''
|Loveth
|Paw Studios
|-
|2013
|''Crystal Slippers''
|Sewa
|Thespian Family Theater
|-
|2013
|''London Life Lagos Living''
|Sue
|Paw Studios
|-
|2013
|''Saro''
|Rume
|Bap Productions
|-
|2013
|''Secret Life Of Baba Segi's Wives''
|Segi
|Joos and Joms Productions
|-
|2014
|''Band Aid''
|-
|2014
|''Make We Waka''
|Chantelle
|Look Left Look Right
|-
|2014
|''Saro &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|title=Majmua Theatre brings Band Aid, the Christmas edition to the Muson [DETAILS] - YNaija|first=|last=YManager|date=17 November 2014|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011438/https://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|title=2014: New faces to watch in Nigerian arts|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104150228/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|title=THE RETURN OF SARO THE MUSICAL, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708085105/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Rume
|Bap Productions
|}

=== Amfani da miryan ta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!MatsayI
!Kamfani
|-
|2013
|Taste Bud
|Fanta
|-
|2014
|Fan
|Solo Phones
|}

== Lamban girma ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lamban girma
!Aji
!Masu zuwa
!Sakamako
|-
|2009
|Foresight Theater Awards
|Best Performance in a devised Piece of work
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2014
|2014 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Most Promising Actress
|''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|Nominated
|-
|2014
|Nollywood Reinvented Awards
|Best New Actress
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2015
|Golden Movie Awards
|Golden Actress in a Lead Role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|Golden Movie Awards 
|Discovery of the Year
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2015
|City People Entertainment Awards 
|Best New Actress
|Herself
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Best Actress
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Best On-screen duo
|
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Female Viewer's Choice
|Herself
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|ELOY Awards
|Actress of the Year - Big screen
|''Falling''
|Won
|-
|2015
|ELOY Awards
|Actress of the Year - Television
|''Gidi Up''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards 
|Best Actress in a Drama (Movie/TV series)
|''Falling''
|Won
|-
|2016
|12th Africa Movie Academy Awards
|Best Actress in Leading role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|Golden Movie Awards
|Golden Actress
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|Nigeria Entertainment Awards
|Best Actress in Leading Role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|ELOY awards
|Actress of the year - Big Screen
|''The Arbitration''
|Nominated
|-
|2017
|2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
|Best Actress Drama/TV Series
|''The Arbitration''
|Nominated
|-
|2017
|2017 Nigeria Entertainment Awards
|Best Lead Actress In A Film
|Ayamma
|Nominated
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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        <id>24854</id>
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      <text bytes="32573" sha1="ndmkp8glnyqc5o76849ban63po4m9jb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Adesuwa Etomi at Tobi Bakre wedding.jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]]
'''Adesua Etomi-Wellington''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Adesua Etomi''' (An haife tane a Ranar 22 ga watan  GA watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988),&lt;ref&gt;Adesua Etomi Biography&quot;. ''Naij''. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May2017&lt;/ref&gt; ta kasan ce yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Badmus, Kayode (22 February 2016). &quot;Adesua Etomi: Life of a 'first class' graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year&quot;. Nigerian Entertainment Today. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adebayo, Tireni (11 February 2022). &quot;Adesua Etomi's new musical video, 'Natural' wows fans&quot;. ''Kemi Filani News''. Retrieved 15 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekara ta 2014, ta yi fim dinta na farko ''Knocking On sama's Door'' .&lt;ref&gt;Izuzu, Chidumga. &quot;Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year&quot;. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085852/http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;Ta sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin lambar yabo ta wasan kwaikwayo a kyautar Zazzagewa na Mafificin Mawallafin Wasannin Tsarin Afirka na shekarar 2016 saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Romantic na Falling.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|title=#AMVCA2016 … and the Winners are Genevieve Nnaji, Stephanie Linus, Folarin ‘Falz’ Falana, Funke Akindele &amp; More - See Full List|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011434/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|title=Adesua Etomi: Life Of A 'first Class' Graduate Turned Screen Diva As She Celebrates Another Year - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=22, February 2016|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archive-date=24 February 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|title=Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802215344/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|archive-date=2 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Badmus|first1=Kayode|title=Adesua Etomi: Life of a ‘first class’ graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archivedate=24 February 2016|date=22 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuruciya da ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Adesua Etomi.jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]]
An kuma haifi Tolulope Adesua Etomi  ne a [[Owerri]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi&quot;. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi&quot;. Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May2017.&lt;/ref&gt; a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 1988. Yawancin manyan kafofin sun ambata shekarar haihuwarta kamar shekarar 1988. Koyaya, a cikin wata hira da aka buga a watan Janairun a shekarar 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|website=Daily Media|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |title=10 wonderful things to know about Adesua Etomi |date=3 May 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526045123/http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |archive-date=26 May 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|title=Adesua Etomi Biography|website=Naij|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517023416/https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|archive-date=17 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dailymedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|title=The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508201131/http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Etomi ta fada wa ''Pulse Nigeria'' cewa ta cika shekara 29 da haihuwa. Bugu da kari, ''Answers Africa sun'' buga wata kasida a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 cewa tana da shekara 30.  Mahaifinta sojan Esan ne kuma mahaifiyarta injiniya ce daga zuriyar Yarrabawa .  Ita ce mafi kankanta a cikin sibyan uwan uku.  Etomi ta halarci makarantar Corona a Victoria Island, Legas, inda ta shiga kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo tun tana shekara bakwai. Bayan nan, ta halarci Kwalejin Sarauniya, Legas kafin ta koma [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] a lokacin tana da shekara 13.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|title=Africa's Best Actress of the Year; Adesua Etomi|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220846/https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |title=Full Interview: Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Chats With Pulse TV |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006020651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |archive-date=6 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|title=Nollywood Actress Adesua Etoni: I'm from Esan Tribe from Edo State, My Mother is Yoruba|website=Naija Gists|date=2 April 2016|accessdate=5 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822102025/http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|title=Birthday Turnup! Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Celebrates with Gideon Okeke, Gbenro Ajibade, Osas Ighodaro, Linda Ejiofor &amp; More|publisher=|access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610223705/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://issuu.com/vanguardngr/docs/allure_05062016|publisher=Allure Magazine (Vanguard)|page=13|author=Yemisi Suleiman|title=AMAA Nominees 2016|date=5, June 2016|accessdate=8 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya adesua Etomi ta sami difloma a cikin &quot;wasan kwaikwayo na zahiri, wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide da kuma yin zane-zane&quot; daga Makarantar Koleji ta City a shekarar 2004. Bayan kammala wadannan kwasa-kwasan a shekarar 2006 tare da rarrabewa sau uku, ta karanci wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wolverhampton, ta kammala tare da girmamawa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin fim ==
Amintattun finafinan Adesua Etomi sun hada da ''The Arbitration'',  ''Bikin Aure'',  da ''Falling'' .&lt;ref&gt;https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/&lt;/ref&gt;  Ayyukanta a cikin ''Falling ta'' sami kyautar Kyaututtukan Masu kallo na Afirka na 2016 don Kyautatawa cikin yan wasa.  Sauran mashahuran fina-finan da ta fito a ciki sun hada da ''Labarin Soja'' (2015), ''[[ Ba a cikin Luck (fim din 2015)|Out of Luck]]'' (2015),  and ''Couple of Days'' (2016). Adesua Etomi ta buga wasan kwaikwayon Shiela a karo na hudu da biyar na ''Shuga'', gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin game da rigakafin cutar kanjamau . Adesua Etomi tla fara wasa kamar Amaka Obiora, jami'in 'yan sanda mai ''leken asiri'', a cikin jerin ''manyan'' laifuffuka na ''Lasisiidi Lasisi'', wanda aka yi jita-jita a watan Yuni na shekarar 2016 a talabijin.  Hakanan an ba ta cikin jerin sunayen taurari 14 na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|title=Actress, Adesua Etomi covers Vogue with 13 other ‘global superstars’|last=Published|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726042649/https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|title=NET Films: Watch O.C Ukeje and Adesua Etomi in new movie The Arbitration - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games|date=28 July 2016|publisher=|access-date=10, May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715085324/http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|archive-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|title=‘The Wedding Party’ of Banky W and Adesua Etomi - Premium Times Nigeria|date=11 November 2016|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507210821/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Are You Ready for 'Lasgidi Cops: Special Crimes Unit'? Watch the Trailer of the Crime Series starring Joke Silva, Bimbo Akintola &amp; More!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=12 May 2017|date=3 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165843/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|archive-date=2 October 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|title=Adesua Etomi Best Actress 2016 AMVCA ▷ All News ▷ Naij.com|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175442/https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|title=Nollywood Movie 'Falling' Which Stars Desmond Elliot And Adesua Etomi To Hit Cinemas In September - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=13 August 2015|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820185725/http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|archive-date=20 August 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|title=This Movie Trailer is a Must Watch! Linda Ejiofor, Femi Branch, Jide Kosoko, Tope Tedela &amp; More in 'Out of Luck'|publisher=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011430/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|title=&quot;Couple of Days&quot;: Watch Adesua Etomi, Falz, Enyinna Nwigwe, Kiki Omeili in behind the scenes|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623190031/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu &amp; Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011530/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|title=MTV Shuga Behind the Scnenes - Adesua Etomi talks about her character Sheila in MTV Shuga 4|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102220251/http://www.mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|title=MTV Shuga character profile - Sheila|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205210959/http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar ta ==
Adesua Etomi ta tsoma hannu tare da [[Banky W]] a watan Fabrairun alib 2017. Ma'auratan sun yi bikin aurensu na gargajiya a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, bikin aure a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba da farin bikin aure a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2017; An kuma gudanar da bikin na karshen ne a [[Cape Town|Cape Town,  Afirka ta Kudu]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=#BAAD2017: Presents Banky W and Adesua Etomi’s White Wedding|url=https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|website=The Informant Spy|accessdate=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805100602/https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|archive-date=5 August 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|title=See photos of Banky W and Adesua Etomi at their introduction ceremony|date=2017-05-06|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523051108/http://www.thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|archive-date=23 May 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Jayne Augoye|title=It’s no movie, BankyW and actress Adesua Etomi announce engagement|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=3 May 2017|date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503172955/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|archive-date=3 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina finai ==

=== Gajeren fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Bayanai
|-
|2013
|''The Call''
|Tara
|
|-
|2014
|''Brave''
|Layo
|
|-
|2014
|''Knocking On Heaven's Door''
|Debbie
|
|-
|2015
|''Falling''
|Muna
|
|-
|2015
|''A Soldier's Story''
|Lebari
|
|-
|2015
|''Out of Luck''
|Bisola
|
|-
|2016
|''Couple of Days''
|Nina
|
|-
|2016
|''The Arbitration''
|Dara Olujobi
|
|-
|2016
|''Something Wicked''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|2016
|''The Wedding Party''
|Dunni Coker
|
|-
|2016
|''Ayamma: Music In The Desert''
|Ayamma/Iko/Ihuoma
|
|-
|2017
|''10 Days In Sun City''
|Bianca
|
|-
|2017
|''The Wedding Party 2''
|Dunni Onwuka
|
|-
|2018
|''Date Night''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''King of Boys''
|Adekemi Salami
|
|-
|2018
|''Memoirs of 4''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''Up North''
|Zainab
|
|-
|2019
|''Muna''
|Muna
|
|-
|2019
|''Malika: Warrior Queen''
|Malika
|}
''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://youneekstudios.com/malika/|title=Malika: Warrior Queen|website=YouNeek Studios|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124173053/http://youneekstudios.com/malika|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|title=Adesua Etomi-Wellington Shines In Action Film, ‘Muna'|publisher=[[Leadership]]|accessdate=13 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613105529/https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|archive-date=13 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu &amp; Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122221422/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|title=Movie Review: Knocking On Heaven's Door - 360Nobs.com|author=Efeturi|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011531/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|title=Trailer For Short Nigerian Film BRAVE Starring Wole Ojo and Adesua Etomi|author=Mistah Cole|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011533/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|title=A Soldier’s Story – Featuring Linda Ejiofor, Tope Tedela, Adesua Etomi, Daniel K Daniel|work=Pride Magazine Nigeria|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011426/http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|title='Out of Luck': Watch Femi Branch, Tope Tedela, Linda Ejiofor, Niyi Johnson in trailer|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184843/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenet.ng&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|title=Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days'Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days' - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=11 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|title=Watch Adesua Etomi, Gbenro Ajibade &amp; More In The Trailer For 'Memoirs Of 4'|last=Animashaun|first=Damilola|date=2018-02-20|website=Konbini Nigeria|language=en-NG|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|title=Anticipate AY Makun’s Next Movie &quot;10 Days In Sun City&quot; starring Richard Mofe-Damijo, Adesua Etomi, 2Baba &amp; More - See More BTS Photos &amp; a New Teaser - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217034316/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|title=&quot;Ayanmma : Music in the Forest&quot;: Photos of Adesua Etomi, Wale Ojo, Majid Michel, Ime Bishop on set|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622162744/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|archive-date=22 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|title=The Star-Studded Teaser for 'The Arbitration' is Here, Starring O.C Ukeje, Adesua Etomi, Ireti Doyle, Sola Fosudo, Beverly Naya &amp; More|publisher=BellaNaija|date=2 August 2016|access-date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623143342/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|title=Watch the Teaser of “Something Wicked” starring Ireti Doyle, Okey Uzoeshi, Adesua Etomi, Gabriel Afolayan, Beverly Naya &amp; More|publisher=|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133716/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|title=Banky W, Adesua Etomi, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Ireti Doyle, Sola Sobowale &amp; More to Star in EbonyLife Films' &quot;The Wedding Party&quot; - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=9 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917181814/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

=== Fim din talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Bayanai
|-
|2012
|''Smooth Promotions''
|Reporter/Presenter
|TV Station
|-
|2014
|''Gidi Up'' (season 2) ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|title=Cast - MTV Shuga|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512020606/http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sharon
|Series
|-
|2015
|''Las Gidi Cops &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|title=Adesua Etomi, Sharon Ezeamaka, Others: TV series stars spend time with fans ahead of season|author=Vwovwe Egbo|date=5 September 2015|work=pulse.ng|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083258/http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Amaka Obiora
|Series
|-
|2015
|''Shuga'' (season 4) ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|title=Watch episode 8 of &quot;MTV Shuga: Down South&quot;|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511034123/http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sheila
|Series
|-
|2017
|''Shuga: Down South &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|title=Edwin Ikenna Madu: Reviewing ‘Lasgidi Cops – Special Crimes Unit’|author=Edwin I. Madu|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220092347/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|archive-date=20 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|title=Meet the Stars of Gidi Up, Season 2|work=Encomium Magazine|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923123945/http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sheila
|Series
|}

=== Wasa a tiyata ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Kamfanin wasa
|-
|2004
|''The Crucible''
|John Proctor
|City College Production
|-
|2005
|''Miss Saigon''
|John Thomas
|City College Production
|-
|2006
|''Jesus Christ Superstar''
|Judas
|City College Production
|-
|2008
|''Fractal''
|The Oppressed
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2009
|''The Grimm Tales''
|Dwarf/Witch
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2009
|''Not My Cup Of Tea''
|Immigrant
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2012
|''The Miller's Tale''
|Alice
|Saga Tiata - Edinburge Fringe Festival
|-
|2013
|''Anatomy Of A Woman''
|Bolatito
|Lagos Theater Festival
|-
|2013
|''Shattered''
|Loveth
|Paw Studios
|-
|2013
|''Crystal Slippers''
|Sewa
|Thespian Family Theater
|-
|2013
|''London Life Lagos Living''
|Sue
|Paw Studios
|-
|2013
|''Saro''
|Rume
|Bap Productions
|-
|2013
|''Secret Life Of Baba Segi's Wives''
|Segi
|Joos and Joms Productions
|-
|2014
|''Band Aid''
|-
|2014
|''Make We Waka''
|Chantelle
|Look Left Look Right
|-
|2014
|''Saro &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|title=Majmua Theatre brings Band Aid, the Christmas edition to the Muson [DETAILS] - YNaija|first=|last=YManager|date=17 November 2014|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011438/https://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|title=2014: New faces to watch in Nigerian arts|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104150228/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|title=THE RETURN OF SARO THE MUSICAL, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708085105/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Rume
|Bap Productions
|}

=== Amfani da miryan ta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!MatsayI
!Kamfani
|-
|2013
|Taste Bud
|Fanta
|-
|2014
|Fan
|Solo Phones
|}

== Lamban girma ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lamban girma
!Aji
!Masu zuwa
!Sakamako
|-
|2009
|Foresight Theater Awards
|Best Performance in a devised Piece of work
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2014
|2014 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Most Promising Actress
|''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|Nominated
|-
|2014
|Nollywood Reinvented Awards
|Best New Actress
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2015
|Golden Movie Awards
|Golden Actress in a Lead Role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|Golden Movie Awards 
|Discovery of the Year
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2015
|City People Entertainment Awards 
|Best New Actress
|Herself
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Best Actress
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Best On-screen duo
|
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Female Viewer's Choice
|Herself
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|ELOY Awards
|Actress of the Year - Big screen
|''Falling''
|Won
|-
|2015
|ELOY Awards
|Actress of the Year - Television
|''Gidi Up''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards 
|Best Actress in a Drama (Movie/TV series)
|''Falling''
|Won
|-
|2016
|12th Africa Movie Academy Awards
|Best Actress in Leading role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|Golden Movie Awards
|Golden Actress
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|Nigeria Entertainment Awards
|Best Actress in Leading Role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|ELOY awards
|Actress of the year - Big Screen
|''The Arbitration''
|Nominated
|-
|2017
|2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
|Best Actress Drama/TV Series
|''The Arbitration''
|Nominated
|-
|2017
|2017 Nigeria Entertainment Awards
|Best Lead Actress In A Film
|Ayamma
|Nominated
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="32578" sha1="doka58zfmnbm8h5ey2eud0iix1u66a2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Adesuwa Etomi at Tobi Bakre wedding.jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]]
'''Adesua Etomi-Wellington''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Adesua Etomi''' (An haife tane a Ranar 22 ga watan  GA watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988),&lt;ref&gt;Adesua Etomi Biography&quot;. ''Naij''. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May2017&lt;/ref&gt; ta kasan ce yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Badmus, Kayode (22 February 2016). &quot;Adesua Etomi: Life of a 'first class' graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year&quot;. Nigerian Entertainment Today. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adebayo, Tireni (11 February 2022). &quot;Adesua Etomi's new musical video, 'Natural' wows fans&quot;. ''Kemi Filani News''. Retrieved 15 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekara ta 2014, ta yi fim dinta na farko ''Knocking On sama's Door'' .&lt;ref&gt;Izuzu, Chidumga. &quot;Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year&quot;. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085852/http://pulse.ng/movies/golden-movie-award-nse-ikpe-etim-adesua-etomi-oc-ukeje-win-big-id3918741.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;Ta sami lambar yabo mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin lambar yabo ta wasan kwaikwayo a kyautar Zazzagewa na Mafificin Mawallafin Wasannin Tsarin Afirka na shekarar 2016 saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Romantic na Falling.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|title=#AMVCA2016 … and the Winners are Genevieve Nnaji, Stephanie Linus, Folarin ‘Falz’ Falana, Funke Akindele &amp; More - See Full List|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011434/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/03/amvca2016-and-the-winners-are-genevieve-nnaji-stephanie-linus-folarin-falz-falana-funke-akindele-more-see-full-list/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|title=Adesua Etomi: Life Of A 'first Class' Graduate Turned Screen Diva As She Celebrates Another Year - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=22, February 2016|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archive-date=24 February 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|title=Adesua Etomi: 5 movies featuring Africa's best actress of the year|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802215344/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/adesua-etomi-5-movies-featuring-africas-best-actress-of-the-year-id4774601.html|archive-date=2 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Badmus|first1=Kayode|title=Adesua Etomi: Life of a ‘first class’ graduate turned screen diva as she celebrates another year|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|accessdate=24 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224083530/http://thenet.ng/2016/02/adesua-etomi-life-of-a-first-class-graduate-turned-screen-diva-as-she-celebrates-another-year/|archivedate=24 February 2016|date=22 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuruciya da ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Adesua Etomi.jpg|thumb|Adesua Etomi]]
An kuma haifi Tolulope Adesua Etomi  ne a [[Owerri]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi&quot;. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi&quot;. Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 4 May2017.&lt;/ref&gt; a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 1988. Yawancin manyan kafofin sun ambata shekarar haihuwarta kamar shekarar 1988. Koyaya, a cikin wata hira da aka buga a watan Janairun a shekarar 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|website=Daily Media|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;punchng.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |title=10 wonderful things to know about Adesua Etomi |date=3 May 2017 |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526045123/http://punchng.com/10-wonderful-things-to-know-about-adesua-etomi/ |archive-date=26 May 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|title=Adesua Etomi Biography|website=Naij|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517023416/https://www.naij.com/1104448-adesua-etomi-biography.html|archive-date=17 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dailymedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|title=Biography/Profile/History Of Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123180756/http://dailymedia.com.ng/biographyprofilehistory-of-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=23 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|title=The Amazing Life of Adesua Etomi|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508201131/http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/adesua-etomi-biography-adesua-etomi-wikipediaabout-adesua-etomiadesua-etomi-profileadesua-etomi/|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Etomi ta fada wa ''Pulse Nigeria'' cewa ta cika shekara 29 da haihuwa. Bugu da kari, ''Answers Africa sun'' buga wata kasida a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 cewa tana da shekara 30.  Mahaifinta sojan Esan ne kuma mahaifiyarta injiniya ce daga zuriyar Yarrabawa .  Ita ce mafi kankanta a cikin sibyan uwan uku.  Etomi ta halarci makarantar Corona a Victoria Island, Legas, inda ta shiga kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo tun tana shekara bakwai. Bayan nan, ta halarci Kwalejin Sarauniya, Legas kafin ta koma [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] a lokacin tana da shekara 13.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|title=Africa's Best Actress of the Year; Adesua Etomi|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220846/https://answersafrica.com/africas-best-actress-of-the-year-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |title=Full Interview: Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Chats With Pulse TV |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006020651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBptZt67NM |archive-date=6 October 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|title=Nollywood Actress Adesua Etoni: I'm from Esan Tribe from Edo State, My Mother is Yoruba|website=Naija Gists|date=2 April 2016|accessdate=5 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822102025/http://naijagists.com/nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-im-esan-tribe-from-edo-state-my-mother-is-yoruba/|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|title=Birthday Turnup! Nollywood Actress Adesua Etomi Celebrates with Gideon Okeke, Gbenro Ajibade, Osas Ighodaro, Linda Ejiofor &amp; More|publisher=|access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610223705/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/birthday-turnup-nollywood-actress-adesua-etomi-celebrates-with-gideon-okeke-gbenro-ajibade-osas-ighodaro-linda-ejiofor-more/|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://issuu.com/vanguardngr/docs/allure_05062016|publisher=Allure Magazine (Vanguard)|page=13|author=Yemisi Suleiman|title=AMAA Nominees 2016|date=5, June 2016|accessdate=8 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya adesua Etomi ta sami difloma a cikin &quot;wasan kwaikwayo na zahiri, wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide da kuma yin zane-zane&quot; daga Makarantar Koleji ta City a shekarar 2004. Bayan kammala wadannan kwasa-kwasan a shekarar 2006 tare da rarrabewa sau uku, ta karanci wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wolverhampton, ta kammala tare da girmamawa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin fim ==
Amintattun finafinan Adesua Etomi sun hada da ''The Arbitration'',  ''Bikin Aure'',  da ''Falling'' .&lt;ref&gt;https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/&lt;/ref&gt;  Ayyukanta a cikin ''Falling ta'' sami kyautar Kyaututtukan Masu kallo na Afirka na 2016 don Kyautatawa cikin yan wasa.  Sauran mashahuran fina-finan da ta fito a ciki sun hada da ''Labarin Soja'' (2015), ''[[ Ba a cikin Luck (fim din 2015)|Out of Luck]]'' (2015),  and ''Couple of Days'' (2016). Adesua Etomi ta buga wasan kwaikwayon Shiela a karo na hudu da biyar na ''Shuga'', gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin game da rigakafin cutar kanjamau . Adesua Etomi tla fara wasa kamar Amaka Obiora, jami'in 'yan sanda mai ''leken asiri'', a cikin jerin ''manyan'' laifuffuka na ''Lasisiidi Lasisi'', wanda aka yi jita-jita a watan Yuni na shekarar 2016 a talabijin.  Hakanan an ba ta cikin jerin sunayen taurari 14 na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|title=Actress, Adesua Etomi covers Vogue with 13 other ‘global superstars’|last=Published|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726042649/https://punchng.com/actress-adesua-etomi-covers-vogue-with-13-other-global-superstars/|archive-date=26 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|title=NET Films: Watch O.C Ukeje and Adesua Etomi in new movie The Arbitration - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games|date=28 July 2016|publisher=|access-date=10, May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715085324/http://thenet.ng/2016/07/net-films-watch-o-c-ukeje-and-adesua-etomi-in-new-movie-the-arbitration/|archive-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|title=‘The Wedding Party’ of Banky W and Adesua Etomi - Premium Times Nigeria|date=11 November 2016|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507210821/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/215114-wedding-party-banky-w-adesua-etomi.html|archive-date=7 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Are You Ready for 'Lasgidi Cops: Special Crimes Unit'? Watch the Trailer of the Crime Series starring Joke Silva, Bimbo Akintola &amp; More!|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|publisher=BellaNaija|accessdate=12 May 2017|date=3 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165843/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/|archive-date=2 October 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|title=Adesua Etomi Best Actress 2016 AMVCA ▷ All News ▷ Naij.com|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175442/https://www.naij.com/tag/adesua-etomi-best-actress-2016-amvca.html|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|title=Nollywood Movie 'Falling' Which Stars Desmond Elliot And Adesua Etomi To Hit Cinemas In September - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=13 August 2015|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820185725/http://thenet.ng/2015/08/falling-starring-desmond-elliot-and-adesua-etomi-to-hit-cinemas-next-month/|archive-date=20 August 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|title=This Movie Trailer is a Must Watch! Linda Ejiofor, Femi Branch, Jide Kosoko, Tope Tedela &amp; More in 'Out of Luck'|publisher=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011430/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/11/this-movie-trailer-is-a-must-watch-linda-ejiofor-femi-branch-jide-kosoko-tope-tedela-more-in-out-of-luck/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|title=&quot;Couple of Days&quot;: Watch Adesua Etomi, Falz, Enyinna Nwigwe, Kiki Omeili in behind the scenes|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623190031/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/couple-of-days-watch-adesua-etomi-falz-enyinna-nwigwe-kiki-omeili-in-behind-the-scenes-id4545188.html|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu &amp; Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011530/https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|title=MTV Shuga Behind the Scnenes - Adesua Etomi talks about her character Sheila in MTV Shuga 4|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102220251/http://www.mtvshuga.com/behind-the-scenes/series-4/adesua-etomi-talks-about-her-character-sheila-in-mtv-shuga-4/|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|title=MTV Shuga character profile - Sheila|publisher=|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205210959/http://mtvshuga.com/cast/sheila/|archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar ta ==
Adesua Etomi ta tsoma hannu tare da [[Banky W]] a watan Fabrairun na alib 2017. Ma'auratan sun yi bikin aurensu na gargajiya a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, bikin aure a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba da farin bikin aure a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2017; An kuma gudanar da bikin na karshen ne a [[Cape Town|Cape Town,  Afirka ta Kudu]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=#BAAD2017: Presents Banky W and Adesua Etomi’s White Wedding|url=https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|website=The Informant Spy|accessdate=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805100602/https://theinformantspy.com/2017/11/baad2017-presents-banky-w-and-adesua-etomis-white-wedding/|archive-date=5 August 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|title=See photos of Banky W and Adesua Etomi at their introduction ceremony|date=2017-05-06|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523051108/http://www.thenet.ng/2017/05/see-photos-of-banky-w-and-adesua-etomi-at-their-introduction-ceremony/|archive-date=23 May 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Jayne Augoye|title=It’s no movie, BankyW and actress Adesua Etomi announce engagement|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=3 May 2017|date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503172955/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/nollywood-nigeria/230256-no-movie-bankyw-actress-adesua-etomi-announce-engagement.html|archive-date=3 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina finai ==

=== Gajeren fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Bayanai
|-
|2013
|''The Call''
|Tara
|
|-
|2014
|''Brave''
|Layo
|
|-
|2014
|''Knocking On Heaven's Door''
|Debbie
|
|-
|2015
|''Falling''
|Muna
|
|-
|2015
|''A Soldier's Story''
|Lebari
|
|-
|2015
|''Out of Luck''
|Bisola
|
|-
|2016
|''Couple of Days''
|Nina
|
|-
|2016
|''The Arbitration''
|Dara Olujobi
|
|-
|2016
|''Something Wicked''&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/are-you-ready-for-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit-watch-the-trailer-of-the-crime-series-starring-joke-silva-bimbo-akintola-more/&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|2016
|''The Wedding Party''
|Dunni Coker
|
|-
|2016
|''Ayamma: Music In The Desert''
|Ayamma/Iko/Ihuoma
|
|-
|2017
|''10 Days In Sun City''
|Bianca
|
|-
|2017
|''The Wedding Party 2''
|Dunni Onwuka
|
|-
|2018
|''Date Night''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''King of Boys''
|Adekemi Salami
|
|-
|2018
|''Memoirs of 4''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''Up North''
|Zainab
|
|-
|2019
|''Muna''
|Muna
|
|-
|2019
|''Malika: Warrior Queen''
|Malika
|}
''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://youneekstudios.com/malika/|title=Malika: Warrior Queen|website=YouNeek Studios|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124173053/http://youneekstudios.com/malika|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|title=Adesua Etomi-Wellington Shines In Action Film, ‘Muna'|publisher=[[Leadership]]|accessdate=13 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613105529/https://leadership.ng/2019/06/13/adesua-etomi-wellington-shines-in-new-action-film-muna/|archive-date=13 June 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|title='Falling' to Premiere Tomorrow with Adesua Etomi, Blossom Chukwujekwu &amp; Kunle Remi - Watch the Trailer|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122221422/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/09/17/falling-uduak-oguamanam/|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|title=Movie Review: Knocking On Heaven's Door - 360Nobs.com|author=Efeturi|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011531/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/10/movie-review-knocking-on-heavens-door/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|title=Trailer For Short Nigerian Film BRAVE Starring Wole Ojo and Adesua Etomi|author=Mistah Cole|work=360Nobs.com|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011533/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/trailer-for-short-nigerian-film-brave-starring-wole-ojo-and-adesua-etomi/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|title=A Soldier’s Story – Featuring Linda Ejiofor, Tope Tedela, Adesua Etomi, Daniel K Daniel|work=Pride Magazine Nigeria|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011426/http://www.pridemagazineng.com/a-soldiers-story/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|title='Out of Luck': Watch Femi Branch, Tope Tedela, Linda Ejiofor, Niyi Johnson in trailer|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184843/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenet.ng&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|title=Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days'Lilian Esoro, Adesua Etomi, Falz, Others Star In New Movie 'Couple Of Days' - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Nigeria's Number 1 Entertainment Daily|date=11 January 2016|publisher=|access-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319082615/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/lilian-esoro-adesua-etomi-falz-others-star-in-new-movie-couple-of-days/|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|title=Watch Adesua Etomi, Gbenro Ajibade &amp; More In The Trailer For 'Memoirs Of 4'|last=Animashaun|first=Damilola|date=2018-02-20|website=Konbini Nigeria|language=en-NG|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506210112/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-trailer-memoirs-of-4/|archive-date=6 May 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|title=Anticipate AY Makun’s Next Movie &quot;10 Days In Sun City&quot; starring Richard Mofe-Damijo, Adesua Etomi, 2Baba &amp; More - See More BTS Photos &amp; a New Teaser - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217034316/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/anticipate-ay-makuns-next-movie-10-days-in-sun-city-starring-richard-mofe-damijo-adesua-etomi-2baba-more-see-more-bts-photos-a-new-teaser/|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|title=&quot;Ayanmma : Music in the Forest&quot;: Photos of Adesua Etomi, Wale Ojo, Majid Michel, Ime Bishop on set|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622162744/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/ayanmma-music-in-the-forest-photos-of-adesua-etomi-wale-ojo-majid-michel-ime-bishop-on-set-id4361736.html|archive-date=22 June 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|title=The Star-Studded Teaser for 'The Arbitration' is Here, Starring O.C Ukeje, Adesua Etomi, Ireti Doyle, Sola Fosudo, Beverly Naya &amp; More|publisher=BellaNaija|date=2 August 2016|access-date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623143342/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/the-star-studded-teaser-for-the-arbitration-is-here-starring-o-c-ukeje-adesua-etomi-ireti-doyle-sola-fosudo-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=23 June 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|title=Watch the Teaser of “Something Wicked” starring Ireti Doyle, Okey Uzoeshi, Adesua Etomi, Gabriel Afolayan, Beverly Naya &amp; More|publisher=|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133716/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/watch-the-teaser-of-something-wicked-starring-ireti-doyle-okey-uzoeshi-adesua-etomi-gabriel-afolayan-beverly-naya-more/|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|title=Banky W, Adesua Etomi, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Ireti Doyle, Sola Sobowale &amp; More to Star in EbonyLife Films' &quot;The Wedding Party&quot; - BellaNaija|website=www.bellanaija.com|access-date=9 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917181814/https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/banky-w-adesua-etomi-richard-mofe-damijo-ireti-doyle-sola-sobowale-more-to-star-in-ebonylife-films-the-wedding-party/|archive-date=17 September 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

=== Fim din talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Bayanai
|-
|2012
|''Smooth Promotions''
|Reporter/Presenter
|TV Station
|-
|2014
|''Gidi Up'' (season 2) ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|title=Cast - MTV Shuga|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512020606/http://www.mtvshuga.com/cast/|archive-date=12 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sharon
|Series
|-
|2015
|''Las Gidi Cops &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|title=Adesua Etomi, Sharon Ezeamaka, Others: TV series stars spend time with fans ahead of season|author=Vwovwe Egbo|date=5 September 2015|work=pulse.ng|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083258/http://pulse.ng/events/adesua-etomi-sharon-ezeamaka-others-tv-series-stars-spend-time-with-fans-ahead-of-season-id4139169.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Amaka Obiora
|Series
|-
|2015
|''Shuga'' (season 4) ''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|title=Watch episode 8 of &quot;MTV Shuga: Down South&quot;|first=Chidumga|last=Izuzu|publisher=|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511034123/http://pulse.ng/movies/watch-episode-8-of-mtv-shuga-down-south-id6641251.html|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sheila
|Series
|-
|2017
|''Shuga: Down South &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|title=Edwin Ikenna Madu: Reviewing ‘Lasgidi Cops – Special Crimes Unit’|author=Edwin I. Madu|work=BellaNaija|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220092347/http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/14/edwin-ikenna-madu-reviewing-lasgidi-cops-special-crimes-unit/|archive-date=20 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|title=Meet the Stars of Gidi Up, Season 2|work=Encomium Magazine|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923123945/http://encomium.ng/meet-the-stars-of-gidi-up-season-2/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Sheila
|Series
|}

=== Wasa a tiyata ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lakabi
!Matsayi
!Kamfanin wasa
|-
|2004
|''The Crucible''
|John Proctor
|City College Production
|-
|2005
|''Miss Saigon''
|John Thomas
|City College Production
|-
|2006
|''Jesus Christ Superstar''
|Judas
|City College Production
|-
|2008
|''Fractal''
|The Oppressed
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2009
|''The Grimm Tales''
|Dwarf/Witch
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2009
|''Not My Cup Of Tea''
|Immigrant
|Arena Theatre
|-
|2012
|''The Miller's Tale''
|Alice
|Saga Tiata - Edinburge Fringe Festival
|-
|2013
|''Anatomy Of A Woman''
|Bolatito
|Lagos Theater Festival
|-
|2013
|''Shattered''
|Loveth
|Paw Studios
|-
|2013
|''Crystal Slippers''
|Sewa
|Thespian Family Theater
|-
|2013
|''London Life Lagos Living''
|Sue
|Paw Studios
|-
|2013
|''Saro''
|Rume
|Bap Productions
|-
|2013
|''Secret Life Of Baba Segi's Wives''
|Segi
|Joos and Joms Productions
|-
|2014
|''Band Aid''
|-
|2014
|''Make We Waka''
|Chantelle
|Look Left Look Right
|-
|2014
|''Saro &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|title=Majmua Theatre brings Band Aid, the Christmas edition to the Muson [DETAILS] - YNaija|first=|last=YManager|date=17 November 2014|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006011438/https://ynaija.com/majmua-theatre-brings-band-aid-the-christmas-edition-to-the-muson-details/|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|title=2014: New faces to watch in Nigerian arts|publisher=|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104150228/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/2014-new-faces-to-watch-in-nigerian-arts/|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|title=THE RETURN OF SARO THE MUSICAL, Articles - THISDAY LIVE|work=thisdaylive.com|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708085105/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/the-return-of-saro-the-musical/196012/|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Rume
|Bap Productions
|}

=== Amfani da miryan ta ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!MatsayI
!Kamfani
|-
|2013
|Taste Bud
|Fanta
|-
|2014
|Fan
|Solo Phones
|}

== Lamban girma ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Lamban girma
!Aji
!Masu zuwa
!Sakamako
|-
|2009
|Foresight Theater Awards
|Best Performance in a devised Piece of work
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2014
|2014 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Most Promising Actress
|''Knocking on Heaven's Door''
|Nominated
|-
|2014
|Nollywood Reinvented Awards
|Best New Actress
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2015
|Golden Movie Awards
|Golden Actress in a Lead Role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|Golden Movie Awards 
|Discovery of the Year
|Herself
|Won
|-
|2015
|City People Entertainment Awards 
|Best New Actress
|Herself
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Best Actress
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Best On-screen duo
|
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|2015 Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
|Female Viewer's Choice
|Herself
|Nominated
|-
|2015
|ELOY Awards
|Actress of the Year - Big screen
|''Falling''
|Won
|-
|2015
|ELOY Awards
|Actress of the Year - Television
|''Gidi Up''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards 
|Best Actress in a Drama (Movie/TV series)
|''Falling''
|Won
|-
|2016
|12th Africa Movie Academy Awards
|Best Actress in Leading role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|Golden Movie Awards
|Golden Actress
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|Nigeria Entertainment Awards
|Best Actress in Leading Role
|''Falling''
|Nominated
|-
|2016
|ELOY awards
|Actress of the year - Big Screen
|''The Arbitration''
|Nominated
|-
|2017
|2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
|Best Actress Drama/TV Series
|''The Arbitration''
|Nominated
|-
|2017
|2017 Nigeria Entertainment Awards
|Best Lead Actress In A Film
|Ayamma
|Nominated
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;br /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>doka58zfmnbm8h5ey2eud0iix1u66a2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dauda Kahutu Rarara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>971270</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T07:12:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AL-ASAF</username>
        <id>50335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>971270</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5062" sha1="3trmewsfnnfkulig01c5hvjqokfhkth" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Dauda Kahutu Rarara Photo.jpg|thumb|shahararran mawakin dan siyasa]]
[[Fayil:Dauda Kahutu Rarara.jpg|thumb|rarara]]
'''Dauda adamu Kahutu Rarara''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Rarara,''' an haife shi ne a garin Kahutu dake cikin ([[jihar Katsina]]) shahararren mawakin siyasa ne a kasar [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]], wanda yake zaune a cikin jihar Kano. Mawaki ne a fannin rera wakokin yan siyasa haka kuma [[Marubuci|marubucin]] wakoki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-09-16 |title=Shin za ku iya tura wa mawaƙi kuɗi don waƙe ɗan siyasa? |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/media-54174138 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Rarara ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rera wakokin ga yan Jam'iyyar (APC) ([[All Progressives Congress]]) a babban zaben Najeriya na shekarar ta 2015, musamman ma ga tsohon shugaban kasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-24 |title=Dauda Kahutu Rarara: Dalilin da ya sa nake yi wa Buhari waka |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/59023891 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}&lt;/ref&gt; da gwamnan [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]] [[Aminu Bello Masari]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Muryar Hausa24 Online |title=MUSIC: DAUDA KAHUTU RARARA - A KOTUN MA GANDUJE NE A INEC MA GANDUJE NE |url=https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/dauda-kahutu-rarara-songs-sabuwar-wakar-rarara-a-kotun-ma-ganduje-ne-a-inec-ma-ganduje-ne-wakokin-rarara-rarara-abba-zaman-gida-dole-rarara-ganduje-rarara-masari-rarara-buhari-download-wakokin-rarara-mp3-songs.html |access-date=2025-08-29 |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;

shi dai tsohon mawaƙi ne wanda in dai a Najeriya kake ka san shi musamman gurin yima yan siyasa waka.&lt;ref&gt;ji nayi&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifeshi ne a  [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]] a wani ƙauye da ake kira Kahutu. Yayi karatun [[Al Kur'ani|Alqur'ani]] a makarantar [[Allo|Almajiranci]], wata hanyar gargajiya ce ta [[Harshen Hausa|Hausawa]] ta koyon [[Musulunci|Qur'ani|addinin Musulunci]], wato (kolanta).

== Siyasa ==
Rarara ya kasance sananne ne a fagen waka musamman wakokin siyasa, Rarara yayi kaurin suna a babban zaben kasar [[Najeriya]] na shekarar 2015, lokacin da yake rera wakoki da dama ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] da kuma adawa da shugabancin [[Goodluck Jonathan]], a galibin wakokin nasa. A watan satumba na shekarar  2020, Rarara ya nemi gudummuwa daga masoyan Muhammadu Buhari,  da a tura masa Naira dubu dai dai (1,000) domin sakin bidiyon minti biyu (2) na yabon Muhammadu Buhari,  cikin kasa da awanni arba'in da takwas (48), ya karbi [[Naira]] miliyan hamsin da bakwai (57) don sakin wakar da ya yabi Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari.

==Kyauta da [[Karfafawa mata a Najeriya|Karramawa]]==
Mawaki Rarara ya samu digirin karramawa a jami'ar Turawan Amurka wato [[European-America University]].
An ba Rarara digirin girmamawa domin irin hidimtawa al'umma,an karrama shine ranar bikin yaye dalibai karo na 23 na jami'ar da aka gudanar a NICON Luxury Hotel Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.educationvanguard.com.ng/2025/09/20/apc-praise-singer-rarara-bags-honorary-doctorate-degree/&lt;/ref&gt;.
A ranar asabar 21 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2025, jami'ar ta musantar cewa ta baiwa wani mawaki digirin girmamawa,inda tace bada yawun bakin ta akayi hakan ba, tayi wannan bayani a asalin shafin ta na yanar gizo.&lt;ref&gt;https://saharareporters.com/2025/09/21/european-american-university-disowns-fake-abuja-convocation-denies-awarding-tinubu&lt;/ref&gt;

==Wakokinsa==
Dauda kahutu rarara yayi wakoki da dama, ga kadan daga cikin '''fitattun''' waƙoƙinsa;
* Ƙkwai cikin kaya
* Saraki sai Allah
* Masu Gudu-su-Gudu
* Buhari ya Dawo
* Baba Buhari dodar
* Jahata jahata ce
* Kwana Darin Dallatu
* Kano ta Gandujece
* Ubban Abba zama daram
* Malam sha'aban Sharada
* Jaagaba ya karbi kasa
* Gawuna is coming
* Kashim sauransu.
* Ganduje shugaban faty.
* Zuwan mai malafa kano
* Gidan Raɗɗa
* Jagaba sai ka shiga villa

==13x13==
Rarara Shine shugaban kungiyar matasan kannywood ta 13x13, wata kungiya ce ta adadin mutum sha ukku (13), kuma ko wanne mutum daya daga cikin su sha ukkun yana da mutum 13 dake karkashinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=YBN and 13×13: How politics is tearing Kannywood apart |url=https://dailytrust.com/ybn-and-13x13-how-politics-is-tearing-kannywood-apart/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Suka ==
Wasu fusatattun matasa sun afkawa Rarara yayin da yake daukar bidiyo a jihar Katsina. Ana zargin sa da wawure Naira Miliyan dari (100) daga [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar]] siyasa ta [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] ta ba wa duk wadanda ke rera wakoki ga ƙungiyar siyasa.&lt;ref&gt;https://hausa.legit.ng/1245519-kannywood-mawakan-apc-sun-zargi-babban-mawakin-buhari-rarara-da-rashawa.html&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;gallery&gt;
[[File:RARARA.jpg|thumb]]
|Dauda Kahutu Rarara
&lt;/gallery&gt;
== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]
[[Category:Hausawa]]
[[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Mawaka]]
[[Category:Mawakan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Katsina]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1986]]</text>
      <sha1>3trmewsfnnfkulig01c5hvjqokfhkth</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ibukun Awosika</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>15887</id>
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      <id>971136</id>
      <parentid>277518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:34:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdulrahman tahir shika</username>
        <id>24962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nayi gyara</comment>
      <origin>971136</origin>
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      <text bytes="3953" sha1="huh2rz3xbqbkob0ted0rfcd34snqc30" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Ibukunoluwa Abiodun Awosika''' (an haife '''Bilkisu Abiodun Motunrayo Omobolanle Adekola''' ne a ranar 24 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962) mace ce ’yar kasuwa a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]], uwa ce,’ yar fim, mai magana mai motsa gwiwa kuma marubuciya. A yanzu haka tana matsayin Shugaban [[First Bank (Nijeriya)|bankin First Bank of Nigeria]].

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haife ta a matsayin ɗa na uku na sevena sevenan bakwai a [[Ibadan|garin Ibadan]], babban birnin [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo]], Ibukun ta kammala karatun firamare da sakandare a makarantar St. Pauls African Church Primary School, Lagos da kuma Methodist High School High School, Yaba kafin ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar na Ife (yanzu Obafemi Awolowo University ) inda ta kammala da B.Sc a [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]].  Tana da digiri na biyu da takaddun MBA bayan kammala shirye-shiryen kasuwanci da yawa a Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta IESE - Jami'ar Navarra. 

== Ayyuka ==
Yayin da ta ke kan aikinta na bautar kasa na bautar kasa na shekara daya, Ibukun tayi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da binciken kudi a Akintola Williams &amp; Co. kan son da take yi na gine-gine kafin ta tashi zuwa Alibert Nigeria Ltd. a matsayin mai kula da shago.  A kokarinta na zama mai cin gashin kanta, ta kafa kamfanin kera kayayyakin daki da ake kira Quebees Limited  a shekarar 1989 kafin ta rikide zuwa The Chair Center Limited daga baya kuma SOKOA Chair Center Limited bayan hadakar da suka yi da SOKOA SA  da kuma Guaranty Trust Bank a 2004. 

Wani dan kungiyar kawancen Shugabancin Afirka da Aspen Global Leadership Network, [[Ibukun Odusote|Ibukun]] memba ne na Kungiyar Taron Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya, memba a kwamitin asusun ajiyar dukiya na Najeriya kuma tsohon Shugaban, Kwamitin Amintattun Mata na Gudanarwa, Kasuwanci da Ayyukan Jama'a.  A shekarar 2011, ta kirkiro Cibiyar Bunkasa Karatun Digiri na II, cibiyar ayyukan da aka kafa domin duba yawan rashin aikin yi a Najeriya. 

A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2015, Ibukun ta zama mace ta farko da aka nada Shugaban bankin First Bank na Najeriya bayan murabus din da Prince Ajibola Afonja ya yi.  

Ibukun Awosika memba ne na kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa da kasa na IESE (IAB). &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iese.edu/about/leadership/ ''Members of IESE's International Advisory Board''], iese.edu&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma zauna a kan hukumar Digital Jewel Limited da Cadbury Nig Plc. 

== Halin kafofin watsa labarai ==

=== Talabijan ===
A cikin shekarar 2008, Ibukun yana daga cikin 'yan kasuwa biyar na Najeriya da suka fito a karon farko na Afirka na ''Dragon's Den.'' Tana kuma daukar nauyin wani shiri na Talabijin mai suna ''Business his Way''. Ta kuma fito a fim din &quot;Citation&quot; na shekarar 2020 wanda Kunle Afolayan ya shirya. 

=== Littattafai ===

* ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yan Matan &quot;Yan Mata&quot;''
* ''Kasuwanci Hanyarsa''

== Kyauta da yabo ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Bikin lambar yabo
! Kyauta
! Sakamakon
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2005
| Ladan Gwarzon Jarida na YAU
| Dan Kasuwa na Shekara |{{nom}}
|-
| Nasarar Narkar da Mujallar Kyauta ta Shekara-shekara
| Mace 'Yar Kasuwa ta Shekara |{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| Ma'aunin Kuɗi da Panungiyar -asashen Afirka don Fahimtar Mata
| Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Kasuwa Na Shekara |{{nom}}
|-
| Kyautar Gidauniyar FATE
| FATE Model ɗan Kasuwa Model of The Year |{{won}}
|-
| 2007
| Awardungiyar Matan Duniya
| Kyautar Zuciya ta Zinare |{{won}}
|-
| 2008
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| Kyautar Kalubale ta Matan Kasuwanci ta Duniya |{{won}}
|-
| 2015
| YNaija Mutum na Shekara |{{nom}}
|-
| 2020
| Afirka Forbes Mace ta ba da lambar yabo ta 2020
| Kyautar Shugaban Matan Afirka na Forbes |{{won}}
|}

== Rayuwar mutum ==
Ibukun Awosika ta auri Abiodun Awosika wacce take da ’ya’ya uku tare da ita.

== Duba kuma ==

* Folorunso Alakija
* [[Grace Alele-Williams]]
* Omobola Johnson

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* Official website
[[Category:Mata]]
[[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>huh2rz3xbqbkob0ted0rfcd34snqc30</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lola Margaret</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971257</id>
      <parentid>892021</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:50:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salma Raddah</username>
        <id>45959</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344799460|Lola Margaret]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971257</origin>
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'''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, &quot;Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret&quot;. Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yuni 2022. An samo shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli 2022. {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . 

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Margaret a [[Ilesa]], [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar [[Afirka]] ta Yamma ([https://www.waecnigeria.org/ WAEC]). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} West Africa Examination Council Nigeria |url=https://www.waecnigeria.org/ |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=www.waecnigeria.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] . 

== Ayyuka ==
Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da Bolaji Amusan, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo.[1] Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din Bisola Alanu . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Eyin Akuko da Omo Oloro, fim din da ta samar tare da irin su Fathia Balogun da Mercy Aigbe .

== Hotunan da aka zaɓa ==

* A shekara ta 2009
* ''Bisola Alanu 2014''
* ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008
* ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 
* ''Agbara Ife'' (Ikon Ƙauna), 2016 
* ''Tsuntsu'', 2021

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>5c2xho3mv5dp7w4jrvhqgkbx94k4dn1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971259</id>
      <parentid>971257</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:50:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salma Raddah</username>
        <id>45959</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971259</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2003" sha1="nfj67c7ub3bi0w2nfahji5lu7prwwep" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, &quot;Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret&quot;. Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yuni 2022. An samo shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli 2022. {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . 

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Margaret a [[Ilesa]], [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar [[Afirka]] ta Yamma ([https://www.waecnigeria.org/ WAEC]). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} West Africa Examination Council Nigeria |url=https://www.waecnigeria.org/ |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=www.waecnigeria.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] . 

== Ayyuka ==
Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da Bolaji Amusan, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo.[1] Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din Bisola Alanu . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Eyin Akuko da Omo Oloro, fim din da ta samar tare da irin su Fathia Balogun da Mercy Aigbe .

== Hotunan da aka zaɓa ==

* A shekara ta 2009
* ''Bisola Alanu 2014''
* ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008
* ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 
* ''Agbara Ife'' (Ikon Ƙauna), 2016 
* ''Tsuntsu'', 2021

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>nfj67c7ub3bi0w2nfahji5lu7prwwep</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Annabella Zwyndila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971045</id>
      <parentid>290597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:13:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Annabella_Zwyndila.jpeg|Annabella_Zwyndila.jpeg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Captain-tucker|Captain-tucker]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: https://dailypost.ng/2012/10/22/why-im-still-virgin-25-nollywood</comment>
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'''Annabella Zwyndila''' An fi saninta da sunan '''Ms Green''' (An haife ta ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, 1992). yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a Najeriya. 

== Rayuwar farko ==
'''Annabella Zwyndila haifaffiyar''' garin [[Ibadan|Ibadan ce]] kuma ta fito ne daga yankin arewacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Mahaifinta jami’i ne a rundunar sojojin Najeriya kuma mahaifiyarta babbar ma’aikaciya ce a Ma’aikatar Ilimi. Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta kwamandan (Jos, Jihar Filato), kafin ta koma Jami'ar Jos inda ta kammala da digiri na farko a wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo.

==Fina-finai==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Take
! Matsayi
! Shekara
|-
| Samantha
| Samantha
| 2012
|-
| Istedungiyar Twisted
| Chantel
| 2013
|-
| Kyauta don Rayuwa ( Super Labari )
| Turai
| 2017
|-
| RedBox
| Sarauniya Shagbo
| 2017
|-
| Sabuwar Urushalima
| Sadaka
|
|-
| Menarshen Mutanen Sabuwar Urushalima
| Sadaka
|
|-
| Zunubi mai raɗaɗi
|
| 2010
|-
| Commonasashe gama gari
| Ann
| 2012
|-
| Mario Mario
|
| 2014
|-
| Ofishin Amstel Malta Box Office (AMBO 3)
| Gaskiya Nuna
| 2007
|}

== Kyauta da gabatarwa ==
* Kyautar ZAFAA a Matsayin Fitacciyar Jaruma Mai Zuwa &lt;ref&gt;[http://dailypost.ng/2012/10/22/why-im-still-virgin-25-nollywood-actress-annabella-zwyndila/ ZAFAA Awards as Best Upcoming Actress]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mata]]
[[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>bnoefspgz5bp019weq7n7jtyuzrny8s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Garkuwa Da mutane A Kagara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>17646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>970970</id>
      <parentid>479571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:04:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Usman saadu</username>
        <id>46863</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>970970</origin>
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      <text bytes="2416" sha1="ewjl5uaw9h3s1ihetvj31wq35df1trf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Nigeria - Niger.svg|thumb|Niger]]
A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2021, wasu mahara dauke da makamai suka kashe wani dalibin makaranta sannan wasu mutane 27 suka sace su da misalin karfe 3 na safe daga makarantarsu da ke Kagara, [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] .  An kuma yi awon gaba da wasu ma’aikatan makarantar uku da danginsu 12.  Babu wanda ya dauki alhakin harin.  

== Kai hari ==
‘Yan bindigar sun kai samame ne a kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gwamnati da ke gundumar Kagara a jihar Neja da misalin karfe biyu na dare. 

== Amsar gwamnati ==
Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na Najeriya ya umarci ‘yan sanda da sojoji su gudanar da aikin ceto. 

Yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike, wani jami’in tsaro da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya shaida wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Faransa cewa ana kyautata zaton maharan ‘yan kungiyar asiri ne. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021 gwamnan jihar [[Neja]], Abubakar Sani-Bello, ya tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin jihar na kan matakin karshe na tattaunawa da 'yan ta'addan game da sakin mutanen. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021, wani jirgin saman soja yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Minna don kokarin ceto mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su. Daga nan jirgin ya fado, ya kashe duka mutane 7 da ke cikinsa. Shugaban hafsan sojan sama ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike nan take, don fayyace idan hatsarin na bazata ne ko a'a. 

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa masu satar mutanen suna tattaunawa da iyayen ’yan matan makarantar da aka sace don biyan kudin fansa don sake su. Wani wakilin iyayen ya yi tayin biyan fansar fam miliyan [[Naira|₦ 2.7.]] Jagoran masu garkuwar wanda aka bayyana a kafafen yada labarai mai suna Dogo Gide, ya bukaci lambar wayar iyayen ne domin ya tattauna da kowannensu kai tsaye.  Gwamnatin jihar Neja ta dage kan cewa har yanzu tana cikin tattaunawa da masu satar mutanen don sakin wadanda aka sace ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

== Saki ==
A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2021, gwamnatin jihar Neja ta ba da sanarwar cewa dukkan mutane 42 da aka sace daga makarantar Kagara ’yan bindiga sun sake su kuma gwamnatin jihar Neja ta karbe su. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Satar Zamfara

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:2021 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Satar mutane a najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici]]
[[Category:Rikicin Fulani da manoma]]</text>
      <sha1>ewjl5uaw9h3s1ihetvj31wq35df1trf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970971</id>
      <parentid>970970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:04:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Usman saadu</username>
        <id>46863</id>
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      <text bytes="2423" sha1="axuaei5fm0z25u26tyg28c30cepfd0w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Nigeria - Niger.svg|thumb|Niger]]
A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2021, wasu mahara dauke da makamai suka kashe wani dalibin makaranta sannan wasu mutane 27 suka sace su da misalin karfe 3 na safe daga makarantarsu da ke Kagara, [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] .  An kuma yi awon gaba da wasu ma’aikatan makarantar uku da danginsu 12.  Babu wanda ya dauki alhakin harin.  

== Kai hari ==
‘Yan bindigar sun kai samame ne a kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gwamnati da ke gundumar Kagara a jihar Neja da misalin karfe biyu na dare. 

== Amsar gwamnati ==
Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na ƙasar Najeriya ya umarci ‘yan sanda da sojoji su gudanar da aikin ceto. 

Yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike, wani jami’in tsaro da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya shaida wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Faransa cewa ana kyautata zaton maharan ‘yan kungiyar asiri ne. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021 gwamnan jihar [[Neja]], Abubakar Sani-Bello, ya tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin jihar na kan matakin karshe na tattaunawa da 'yan ta'addan game da sakin mutanen. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021, wani jirgin saman soja yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Minna don kokarin ceto mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su. Daga nan jirgin ya fado, ya kashe duka mutane 7 da ke cikinsa. Shugaban hafsan sojan sama ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike nan take, don fayyace idan hatsarin na bazata ne ko a'a. 

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa masu satar mutanen suna tattaunawa da iyayen ’yan matan makarantar da aka sace don biyan kudin fansa don sake su. Wani wakilin iyayen ya yi tayin biyan fansar fam miliyan [[Naira|₦ 2.7.]] Jagoran masu garkuwar wanda aka bayyana a kafafen yada labarai mai suna Dogo Gide, ya bukaci lambar wayar iyayen ne domin ya tattauna da kowannensu kai tsaye.  Gwamnatin jihar Neja ta dage kan cewa har yanzu tana cikin tattaunawa da masu satar mutanen don sakin wadanda aka sace ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

== Saki ==
A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2021, gwamnatin jihar Neja ta ba da sanarwar cewa dukkan mutane 42 da aka sace daga makarantar Kagara ’yan bindiga sun sake su kuma gwamnatin jihar Neja ta karbe su. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Satar Zamfara

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:2021 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Satar mutane a najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici]]
[[Category:Rikicin Fulani da manoma]]</text>
      <sha1>axuaei5fm0z25u26tyg28c30cepfd0w</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>970972</id>
      <parentid>970971</parentid>
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        <username>Usman saadu</username>
        <id>46863</id>
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[[Fayil:Nigeria - Niger.svg|thumb|Niger]]
A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2021, wasu mahara dauke da makamai suka kashe wani dalibin makaranta sannan wasu mutane 27 suka sace su da misalin karfe 3 na safe daga makarantarsu da ke Kagara, [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] .  An kuma yi awon gaba da wasu ma’aikatan makarantar uku da danginsu 12.  Babu wanda ya dauki alhakin harin.  

== Kai hari ==
‘Yan bindigar sun kai samame ne a kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gwamnati da ke gundumar Kagara a jihar Neja da misalin karfe biyu na dare. 

== Amsar gwamnati ==
Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na ƙasar Najeriya ya umarci ‘yan sanda da sojoji su gudanar da aikin ceto. 

Yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike, wani jami’in tsaro da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya shaida wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Faransa cewa ana kyautata zaton maharan ‘yan kungiyar asiri ne. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021 gwamnan jihar [[Neja]], a ƙasar Nijeriya, Abubakar Sani-Bello, ya tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin jihar na kan matakin karshe na tattaunawa da 'yan ta'addan game da sakin mutanen. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021, wani jirgin saman soja yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Minna don kokarin ceto mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su. Daga nan jirgin ya fado, ya kashe duka mutane 7 da ke cikinsa. Shugaban hafsan sojan sama ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike nan take, don fayyace idan hatsarin na bazata ne ko a'a. 

A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa masu satar mutanen suna tattaunawa da iyayen ’yan matan makarantar da aka sace don biyan kudin fansa don sake su. Wani wakilin iyayen ya yi tayin biyan fansar fam miliyan [[Naira|₦ 2.7.]] Jagoran masu garkuwar wanda aka bayyana a kafafen yada labarai mai suna Dogo Gide, ya bukaci lambar wayar iyayen ne domin ya tattauna da kowannensu kai tsaye.  Gwamnatin jihar Neja ta dage kan cewa har yanzu tana cikin tattaunawa da masu satar mutanen don sakin wadanda aka sace ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

== Saki ==
A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2021, gwamnatin jihar Neja ta ba da sanarwar cewa dukkan mutane 42 da aka sace daga makarantar Kagara ’yan bindiga sun sake su kuma gwamnatin jihar Neja ta karbe su. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Satar Zamfara

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:2021 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Satar mutane a najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici]]
[[Category:Rikicin Fulani da manoma]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Nigeria - Niger.svg|thumb|Niger]]
A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2021, wasu mahara dauke da makamai suka kashe wani dalibin makaranta sannan wasu mutane 27 suka sace su da misalin karfe 3 na safe daga makarantarsu da ke Kagara, [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] .  An kuma yi awon gaba da wasu ma’aikatan makarantar uku da danginsu 12.  Babu wanda ya dauki alhakin harin.  

== Kai hari ==
‘Yan bindigar sun kai samame ne a kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gwamnati da ke gundumar Kagara a jihar Neja da misalin karfe biyu na dare. 

== Amsar gwamnati ==
Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na ƙasar Najeriya ya umarci ‘yan sanda da sojoji su gudanar da aikin ceto. 

Yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike, wani jami’in tsaro da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya shaida wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Faransa cewa ana kyautata zaton maharan ‘yan kungiyar asiri ne. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021 gwamnan jihar [[Neja]], a ƙasar Nijeriya, Abubakar Sani-Bello, ya tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin jihar na kan matakin karshe na tattaunawa da 'yan ta'addan game da sakin mutanen. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021, wani jirgin saman soja yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Minna don kokarin ceto mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su. Daga nan jirgin ya fado, ya kashe duka mutane 7 da ke cikinsa. Shugaban hafsan sojan sama ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike nan take, don fayyace idan hatsarin na bazata ne ko a'a. 

A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu, kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa masu satar mutanen suna tattaunawa da iyayen ’yan matan makarantar da aka sace don biyan kudin fansa don sake su. Wani wakilin iyayen ya yi tayin biyan fansar fam miliyan [[Naira|₦ 2.7.]] Jagoran masu garkuwar wanda aka bayyana a kafafen yada labarai mai suna Dogo Gide, ya bukaci lambar wayar iyayen ne domin ya tattauna da kowannensu kai tsaye.  Gwamnatin jihar Neja ta dage kan cewa har yanzu tana cikin tattaunawa da masu satar mutanen don sakin wadanda aka sace ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

== Saki ==
A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2021, gwamnatin jihar Neja ta ba da sanarwar cewa dukkan mutane 42 da aka sace daga makarantar Kagara ’yan bindiga sun sake su kuma gwamnatin jihar Neja ta karbe su. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Satar Zamfara

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:2021 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Satar mutane a najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici]]
[[Category:Rikicin Fulani da manoma]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Nigeria - Niger.svg|thumb|Niger]]
A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2021, wasu mahara dauke da makamai suka kashe wani dalibin makaranta sannan wasu mutane 27 suka sace su da misalin karfe 3 na safe daga makarantarsu da ke Kagara, [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] .  An kuma yi awon gaba da wasu ma’aikatan makarantar uku da danginsu 12.  Babu wanda ya dauki alhakin harin.  

== Kai hari ==
‘Yan bindigar sun kai samame ne a kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gwamnati da ke gundumar Kagara a jihar Neja da misalin karfe biyu na dare. 

== Amsar gwamnati ==
Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na ƙasar Najeriya ya umarci ‘yan sanda da sojoji su gudanar da aikin ceto. 

Yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike, wani jami’in tsaro da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya shaida wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Faransa cewa ana kyautata zaton maharan ‘yan kungiyar asiri ne. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021 gwamnan jihar [[Neja]], a ƙasar Nijeriya, Abubakar Sani-Bello, ya tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin jihar na kan matakin karshe na tattaunawa da 'yan ta'addan game da sakin mutanen. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021, wani jirgin saman soja yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Minna don kokarin ceto mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su. Daga nan jirgin ya fado, ya kashe duka mutane 7 da ke cikinsa. Shugaban hafsan sojan sama ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike nan take, don fayyace idan hatsarin na bazata ne ko a'a. 

A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu, kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa masu satar mutanen suna tattaunawa da iyayen ’yan matan makarantar da aka sace don biyan kudin fansa don sake su. Wani wakilin iyayen ya yi tayin biyan fansar fam miliyan [[Naira|₦ 2.7.]] Jagoran masu garkuwar wanda aka bayyana a kafafen yada labarai mai suna Dogo Gide, ya bukaci lambar wayar iyayen ne domin ya tattauna da kowannensu kai tsaye.  Gwamnatin jihar Neja ta dage kan cewa har yanzu tana cikin tattaunawa da masu satar mutanen don sakin wadanda aka sace ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

== Saki ==
A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu 2021, gwamnatin jihar Neja ta ba da sanarwar cewa dukkan mutane 42 da aka sace daga makarantar Kagara ’yan bindiga sun sake su kuma gwamnatin jihar Neja ta karbe su. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Satar Zamfara

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:2021 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Satar mutane a najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici]]
[[Category:Rikicin Fulani da manoma]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970975</id>
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[[Fayil:Nigeria - Niger.svg|thumb|Niger]]
A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2021, wasu mahara dauke da makamai suka kashe wani dalibin makaranta sannan wasu mutane 27 suka sace su da misalin karfe 3 na safe daga makarantarsu da ke Kagara, [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] .  An kuma yi awon gaba da wasu ma’aikatan makarantar uku da danginsu 12.  Babu wanda ya dauki alhakin harin.  

== Kai hari ==
‘Yan bindigar sun kai samame ne a kwalejin Kimiyya ta Gwamnati da ke gundumar Kagara a jihar Neja da misalin karfe biyu na dare. 

== Amsar gwamnati ==
Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na ƙasar Najeriya ya umarci ‘yan sanda da sojoji su gudanar da aikin ceto. 

Yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike, wani jami’in tsaro da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya shaida wa kamfanin dillacin labarai na Faransa cewa ana kyautata zaton maharan ‘yan kungiyar asiri ne. 

A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021 gwamnan jihar [[Neja]], a ƙasar Nijeriya, Abubakar Sani-Bello, ya tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin jihar na kan matakin karshe na tattaunawa da 'yan ta'addan game da sakin mutanen. 

A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2021, wani jirgin saman soja yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Minna don kokarin ceto mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su. Daga nan jirgin ya fado, ya kashe duka mutane 7 da ke cikinsa. Shugaban hafsan sojan sama ya ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike nan take, don fayyace idan hatsarin na bazata ne ko a'a. 

A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu, kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito cewa masu satar mutanen suna tattaunawa da iyayen ’yan matan makarantar da aka sace don biyan kudin fansa don sake su. Wani wakilin iyayen ya yi tayin biyan fansar fam miliyan [[Naira|₦ 2.7.]] Jagoran masu garkuwar wanda aka bayyana a kafafen yada labarai mai suna Dogo Gide, ya bukaci lambar wayar iyayen ne domin ya tattauna da kowannensu kai tsaye.  Gwamnatin jihar Neja ta dage kan cewa har yanzu tana cikin tattaunawa da masu satar mutanen don sakin wadanda aka sace ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

== Saki ==
A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu 2021, gwamnatin jihar Neja a ƙasar Nijeriya ta ba da sanarwar cewa dukkan mutane 42 da aka sace daga makarantar Kagara ’yan bindiga sun sake su kuma gwamnatin jihar Neja ta karbe su. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Satar Zamfara

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[category:2021 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Satar mutane a najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rikici]]
[[Category:Rikicin Fulani da manoma]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jibril Isa Diso</title>
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'''Jibril Isa Diso''' (1955-2024) ya kasan ce shine malami kuma makaho na farko a [[Najeriya]] daga [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], masanin ilimi kuma tsohon mai ba [[Jerin gwamnonin Kano|gwamnan jihar Kano]] [[Ibrahim Shekarau|Ibrahim Shekarau shawara]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sanusi|first=Sola|date=2019-08-27|title=Meet Jibrin Isah Diso the first visually impaired professor in Nigeria|url=https://www.legit.ng/1256258-meet-jibrin-isah-diso-visually-impaired-professor-nigeria.html|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520132802/https://www.legit.ng/1256258-meet-jibrin-isah-diso-visually-impaired-professor-nigeria.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=‘I want to be the first blind professor in Nigeria’|url=https://dailytrust.com/i-want-to-be-the-first-blind-professor-in-nigeria|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Jibril Diso ne a bariki na [[Gwale (Kano)|Gwale]] [[Karamar Hukumar|karamar]] hukuma na [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] . Jibril ya fara karatunsa ne a shekarar 1962 inda kuma ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a shekara ta 1969, ya kuma halarci makarantar sakandaren Gindiri Blinds, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] tsakanin shekara ta 1979, a shekarar 1984 [[Jami'ar Bayero|jami'ar Bayero ta]] kafa sashen ilimi na musamman saboda Jibril kuma ya karbe shi a matsayin dalibin farko a makarantar. sashen, Jibril ya sami [[PhD|digirin digirgir]] a fannin ilimi na musamman a [[Landan|Jami'ar London]] [[Jami'ar Birmingham|ta Birmingham]] a shekarar 1991. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|url=https://www.pressreader.com/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=www.pressreader.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Jibril ya fara aikin sa ne a makarantar [[Makarantar Tudun Maliki don mabukata na musamman|Tudun Maliki ta mabukata na]] jihar Kano. Jibril ya shiga sashen ilimi na musamman na [[Jami'ar Bayero|jami'ar Bayero ta jihar Kano]] a shekarar 1994 inda kuma ya zama farfesa na farko da ya fara fuskantar matsalar gani a Najeriya a shekarar 2019. Jibril yana da wallafe-wallafe sama da 10 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://newsnaira.net/8536/meet-the-first-blind-nigerian-professor-who-was-once-a-special-adviser-to-governor/amp |title=Meet The First Blind Nigerian Professor Who Was Once A Special Adviser To Governor |access-date=2021-05-20 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426053828/https://newsnaira.net/8536/meet-the-first-blind-nigerian-professor-who-was-once-a-special-adviser-to-governor/amp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://newsnaira.net/8536/meet-the-first-blind-nigerian-professor-who-was-once-a-special-adviser-to-governor/amp |title=Meet The First Blind Nigerian Professor Who Was Once A Special Adviser To Governor |access-date=2021-05-20 |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426053828/https://newsnaira.net/8536/meet-the-first-blind-nigerian-professor-who-was-once-a-special-adviser-to-governor/amp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=‘I want to be the first blind professor in Nigeria’|url=https://dailytrust.com/i-want-to-be-the-first-blind-professor-in-nigeria|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-10|title=First blind professor: How i defeated disability –Prof Jibrin Diso|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/first-blind-professor-how-i-defeated-disability-prof-jibrin-diso/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dept of Special Education {{!}} Education|url=https://edu.buk.edu.ng/?q=node/8|access-date=2021-02-25|website=edu.buk.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520133043/https://edu.buk.edu.ng/?q=node/8|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Ibrahim Ali|date=2019-08-24|title=The Blind Professor|url=https://s4s.news.blog/2019/08/24/the-blind-professor/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Sen. Ibrahim Shekarau MEDIA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lamai|first=Samuel|date=2019-10-31|title=Permanent Secretary Presents IVM IKENGA 2020 To Winner Of Raffle Draw.|url=https://fmic.gov.ng/permanent-secretary-presents-ivm-ikenga-2020-to-winner-of-raffle-draw/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Federal Ministry of Information and Culture|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520133044/https://fmic.gov.ng/permanent-secretary-presents-ivm-ikenga-2020-to-winner-of-raffle-draw/|archive-date=2021-05-20|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]]
[[category:haifaffun 1955]]
[[category:mutuwan 2024]]
[[category:Maluman Najeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>mjefp45f1fgjt0dnnkbx919owya0oyn</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ibife Alufohai</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Ibife Eugene Alufohai''' (an haife ta ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 1986) 'yar Nijeriya ce, 'yar kwalliya, mai aikin bada agaji, mai kuma riƙe da kambun sarauniyar kyau ta Miss Valentine International 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Abraham|first1=Anthony|url=https://leadership.ng/2019/04/19/world-fashion-festival-awards-honours-director-of-polo-international|title=World Fashion Festival Awards Honours Director of Polo International|date=19 April 2019|accessdate=18 November 2019|website=Leadership Newspaper|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419193837/https://leadership.ng/2019/04/19/world-fashion-festival-awards-honours-director-of-polo-international/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce ta kirkiro Miss Polo International.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/abuja-hosts-2018-miss-polo-international|title=Abuja hosts 2018 ‘Miss Polo International’|date=16 August 2018|accessdate=18 November 2019|website=Vanguard Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Oyeyemi|first1=Tunji|url=https://fmic.gov.ng/nigeria-fast-becoming-destination-of-choice-for-tourists-minister|title=Nigeria fast becoming destination of choice for tourists- Minister|date=28 August 2018|accessdate=18 November 2019|website=[[Federal Ministry of Information and Culture]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126191633/https://fmic.gov.ng/nigeria-fast-becoming-destination-of-choice-for-tourists-minister/|archive-date=26 November 2022|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Alufohai ta fito ne daga garin Abonnema na, [[Rivers|jihar Ribas]]. Sai dai an haife ta ne a [[Kalaba|Calabar]], [[Cross River|Jihar Kuros Riba]] kuma ita ce ta ƙarshe cikin yara bakwai na iyayenta. Iyalinta sun yi kaurace-kaurace sosai saboda yanayin aikin mahaifinta a matsayin jami'in soja, wanda aka yi ta yiwa sauyin wajen aikin daga [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna suka]] koma [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], zuwa Jihar Ribas. 

== Karatu ==
Daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1997 ta yi karatunta na firamare, ta kuma fara na sakandare duk a makarantar Tantua International Group of Schools inda ta kammala a shekarar 2003. A kuma shekarar 2003 din ta tafi Jami'ar Madonna, Okija don karatun jami'a sannan ta wuce Jami'ar Fatakwal, Jihar Ribas a shekarar 2008, inda ta kammala a shekarar 2012 tare da digiri a fannin Clinical psychology . Bayan karatun ta na jami'a, ta yi bautar kasa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya da ke [[Yenagoa]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], inda ta yi aiki a matsayin masaniyar halayyar dan Adam da kuma aiki a ECG daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2014. 

== Iyali ==
Alufohai ta yi aure har da ɗiyar ta. A zaman wani bangare na ayyukan taimakon al'umma da take, ta kafa gidauniya mai suna Polo International Relief Foundation. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Category:Haifaffun  1986]]
[[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 
[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mata Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mata]]
[[Category:Sarauniyar kyau]]</text>
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    <title>Harshen Fali</title>
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'''Harshen Fali ya''' ƙunshi yare biyu da ake magana da su a arewacin [[Kamaru]]. Yana daya daga cikin harsunan Greenberg na Adamawa (a matsayin Group G11), an cire shi daga wannan dangin ta Boyd (1989). Roger Blench ya yi zargin cewa tana iya wakiltar ɗayan zuriya da farko da suka yanke reshen hannun jari na Atlantic-Congo.

== Iri-iri ==
Dangane da ''Ethnologue'' 16, rassa biyu na Fali sun “banbanta,” amma ba a bayyana yadda suka bambanta ba. Blench da alama yana kula dasu kamar rabin dozin yare a rassa biyu. Kudancin Fali yana da masu magana 20,000, tare da yaruka da yawa. Arewa Fali, mai masu magana 16,000, ita ma tana da yarukan da yawa; Masu magana da harshen Arewa Fali suna &quot;saurin&quot; sauyawa zuwa fullancin [[Fillanci|Adamawa Fulfulde]] kafin shekarar 1982.

; Arewa Fali
: Dourbeye (Fali-Dourbeye)
: Bossum (Fali-Bossum)
: Distance Ga-Rankuwa-Bvəri (Fali du Peske-Bori)
; Kudu Fali
: Distance Watsa-Kaang (Fali Kangou)
: Bele (Fali-Bele)
: Fali-Tinguélin

A da ana amfani da yaren Nimbari a yankin kudancin Fali, amma mutanen Nimbari yanzu suna magana da Fali Kangou. &lt;ref&gt;Raimund Kastenholz, Ulrich Kleinewillinghöfer. 2012. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/06/Nimbari.pdf Nimbari as a language name]. Adamawa Languages Project.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
* Roger Blench, 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin yarukan] adamawa (ms)
* Sweetman, Gary. 1981. ''Nazarin kwatancen yaruka na Fali'' . Yaoundé: SIL.
[[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]]
[[Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Al'ummomi]]
[[Category:Al'umma]]
[[Category:Al'adun Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jubril Martins-Kuye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>75</id>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Jubril_M-K.jpg|Jubril_M-K.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:IronGargoyle|IronGargoyle]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Jubril M-K.jpg|]].</comment>
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[[Fayil:Jubril Martins-Kuye.jpg|thumb|Jubril Martins-Kuye]]
'''Jubril Martins-Kuye''' (16 ga [[Agusta|Agustan]] shekarar 1942 - 17 Janairu 2021) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. Bayan ya yi karatu a [[Najeriya]] da Amurka ya cancanci zama akawu kafin ya shiga siyasa. Martins-Kuye da farko memba ne na Social Democratic Party kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin sanata. Ya shiga United United Congress Congress ([[Un Certain Matin (fim)|UNCP]]) zuwa ƙarshen mulkin [[Sani Abacha]]. Bayan ya yi nasarar tsayawa takarar dan takarar gwamnan [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]] [[Peoples Democratic Party|a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] [[Olusegun Obasanjo|a shekarar 1999, Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya naɗa shi ƙaramin ministan kudi, muƙamin da ya rike har zuwa 2003. A shekarar 2010 ya kuma zama ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu a majalisar ministocin mukaddashin shugaban kasa [[Goodluck Jonathan]], yana rike da mukamin har zuwa 2011.&lt;ref name=tday0407/&gt;&lt;ref name=td111&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html 
 |work=ThisDay 
 |title=PDP's Men of Power 
 |date=10 November 2001 |access-date=23 April 2010 |url-status=dead 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051202191041/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html 
 |archive-date=2 December 2005 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=tday0407/&gt;

== Farkon aiki. ==
An haifi Martins-Kuye ne a ranar 16 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1942 a Ago Iwoye, mazaɓar Ijebu [[Ogun|ta Jihar Ogun]], yana da ɗan’uwa (Muraino Ademola Kuye). Ya karanci ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami’ar [[Ibadan]] (1965-1968) sannan ya karanci Tattalin Arziki a Harvard Business School, ya kammala a shekarar 1983. Daga baya [[Martin Sawi|Martins-]]Kuye ya cancanci zama Akawun Kamfanin. 

Martins-Kuye ya kasance memba na Social Democratic Party (SDP) kuma ya kasance sanata a Jamhuriya ta Uku ta [[Najeriya]].

== Shugabannin Obasanjo da Yar'adua ==
Martins-Kuye ya zama memba na United Nigeria Congress Party ([[Un Certain Matin (fim)|UNCP]]) a ƙarshen ƙarshen mulkin [[Sani Abacha]].  Ya kasance dan takara a ƙarƙashin [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) na gwamnan [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]] a shekarar 1999, amma bai ci ba.  An kuma naɗa Martins-Kuye karamin Ministan Kudi a watan Yunin shekarar 1999 a lokacin wa’adin farko na Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], yana aiki har zuwa Yunin shekarata 2003.  A lokacin mulkinsa, an rufe Bankin Savannah a cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2002, wani yunƙuri mai rikitarwa da ya yi iƙirarin saboda rashin bin ƙa'idodi maimakon matsalar kuɗi.  A watan Yulin shekara ta 2002, a matsayinsa na Ministan Kuɗi, ya sanar da cewa GDP na [[Najeriya]] ya bunkasa da kashi 4% duk shekara ta kiyasin [[Bankin Duniya]], wanda shi ne adadi mafi girma na shekaru goma (10). 

Martins-Kuye ya bayyana kansa a matsayin uba-uba ga siyasar Ogun, yana jagorantar ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na jam'iyyar PDP ta [[jihar Ogun]]. Yayi ikirarin nada [[Gbenga Daniel]] a matsayin gwamna, amma a shekara ta 2010 ya zama dan adawar Daniel.

== Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ==
[[Goodluck Jonathan|Muƙaddashin shugaban kasa Goodluck Jonathan]] ne ya zabi Martins-Kuye a matsayin Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana’antu a watan Maris din shekarar 2010. Wannan ya kasance mai kawo ce-ce-ku-ce, tunda ga alama baya cikin jerin sunayen ministocin da aka zaɓa daga jihar Ogun wanda Gwamna Gbenga Daniel ya gabatar.  Wasu shugabannin jam’iyyar PDP reshen jihar sun rubuta takardar koke don nuna rashin amincewarsu da nadin ga shugaban jam’iyyar PDP na ƙasa, Prince Vincent Ogbulafor .  A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki a ranar 6 ga Afrilun shekarata 2010 Martins-Kuye ya yi kira da a inganta 100% a cikin ingancin aiwatar da kasafin Kuɗin ƙasar.   Ya kuma yi kira da a kashe kudade kan shirye-shirye da ayyukan da za su shafi rayuwar jama'a kai tsaye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art20100405056360
 |title       = Ogun: Much ado about ministerial nominees
 |author      = ADEMOLA ONI
 |date        = 5 April 2010
|work        = The Punch
 |access-date  = 22 April 2010
|url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100407221241/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art20100405056360
 |archive-date = 7 April 2010
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200202260528.html
 |title=Savannah Bank Not Shut For Distress Martins-Kuye
 |work=Vanguard
 |author=Patience Saghana, Emeka Mamah &amp; Lemmy Ughegbe
 |date=26 February 2002
|access-date=14 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200207120008.html
 |title=Economic Growth Remarkable, Says Martin-Kuye
 |work=ThisDay
 |author=Kunle Aderinokun
 |date=12 July 2002
|access-date=14 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=pdaily&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/index.php/polity/politics-today/64-politics-today/11742-profiles-of-ministerial-nominees
 |work=People's Daily
 |title=Profiles of ministerial nominees
 |access-date=14 April 2010
 |archive-date=16 June 2021
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043254/http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/index.php/polity/politics-today/64-politics-today/11742-profiles-of-ministerial-nominees
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ritaya da mutuwa ==
Martins-Kuye ya zama minista mara iko a shekarar 2011. Ya mutu a Ago Iwoye a ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 2021.

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Yan siyasan Nijar]]
[[Category:Yan siyasa]]
[[Category:Yarbawa yan siyasa]]
[[Category:Yarbawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>21908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971169</id>
      <parentid>970699</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:27:34Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci</comment>
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      <text bytes="6679" sha1="nnf7jeww9ijolce8nrhgeijg6cgoavb" xml:space="preserve">Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin.
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  <page>
    <title>Ha</title>
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      <text bytes="3316" sha1="55ux8o89acwylkb7sxvv7ybs6m2gouv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Ha na''' iya nufin to:

== Hukumomi da ƙungiyoyi ==

* Hukumar [[lafiya]]
* Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur.
* Rashin Gida Australia, ƙungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka.
* 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, Shirin tsohon Dan luwaɗi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso
* Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong.

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== Harsuna da [[haruffa]] ==

* Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese
* Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic
* &lt;big&gt;ه&lt;/big&gt; ( hāʾ ), &lt;big&gt;ح&lt;/big&gt; ( ḥāʾ ), ko &lt;big&gt;خ&lt;/big&gt; ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci
* Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka
* [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA.

== [[Wurare]] ==

* Ha, Bhutan
* Ha, Norway
* Ha Gorge, Girka
* Yankin lambar HA, ƙungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London
* Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA).

== Kimiyya Da Fasaha ==

=== [[Kimiyya]] ===

* Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium
* Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate
* Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai.

=== [[Magani]] ===

* Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake ƙira polycystic ovary syndrome
* Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria)
* Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura
* Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta

=== Sauran Amfani A [[kimiyya]] Da [[Fasaha]] ===

* ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan [[trigonometric]] a lissafi
* Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi
* Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki
* Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki
* Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis
* Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa
* H &lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga

== Sunayen [[Sunayen|sunaye]] ==

* Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin chaina) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye ɗari''
* Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏)
* Sunan Hà, Vietnamese
* Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko
* Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation

== [[Sufuri]] ==

* British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin)
* Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA)
* Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila

== Sauran [[Amfani]] ==

* Ha (mythology)
* Ha, ɗaya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha
* Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya
* Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka

== Duba kuma ==

* Hai (disambiguation)
* Haha (rashin fahimta)
* Yana da (disambiguation).</text>
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'''Ha na''' iya nufin to:

== Hukumomi da ƙungiyoyi ==

* Hukumar [[lafiya]]
* Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur.
* Rashin Gida Australia, ƙungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka.
* 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, Shirin tsohon Dan luwaɗi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso
* Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong.

🌍 BISSALAM TRAVELS &amp; TOUR

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We make your journey simple, convenient &amp; stress-free.

🛫 Flight Booking &amp; Reservation
🛂 Visa Assistance
🕋 Hajj &amp; Umrah Packages
🏨 Hotel &amp; Accommodation
🌍 Local &amp; International Tours
📄 Travel Documentation.

Safe • Reliable • Affordable • Professional

📞 08069958780
📧 mudassirumd737@gmail.com
📍 No. 4 Abdullahi Fodio Road, Sokoto.

✨ Travel with Confidence. Journey with Ease.

Bissalam travels&amp;tourism.

== Harsuna da [[haruffa]] ==

* Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese
* Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic
* &lt;big&gt;ه&lt;/big&gt; ( hāʾ ), &lt;big&gt;ح&lt;/big&gt; ( ḥāʾ ), ko &lt;big&gt;خ&lt;/big&gt; ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci
* Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka
* [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA.

== [[Wurare]] ==

* Ha, Bhutan
* Ha, Norway
* Ha Gorge, Girka
* Yankin lambar HA, ƙungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London
* Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA).

== Kimiyya Da Fasaha ==

=== [[Kimiyya]] ===

* Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium
* Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate
* Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai.

=== [[Magani]] ===

* [[Hyperandrogenic]] anovulation, wanda kuma ake ƙira polycystic ovary syndrome
* Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria)
* Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura
* Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta

=== Sauran Amfani A [[kimiyya]] Da [[Fasaha]] ===

* ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan [[trigonometric]] a lissafi
* Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi
* Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki
* Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki
* Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis
* Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa
* H &lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga

== Sunayen [[Sunayen|sunaye]] ==

* Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin chaina) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye ɗari''
* Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏)
* Sunan Hà, Vietnamese
* Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko
* Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation

== [[Sufuri]] ==

* British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin)
* Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA)
* Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila

== Sauran [[Amfani]] ==

* Ha (mythology)
* Ha, ɗaya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha
* Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya
* Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka

== Duba kuma ==

* Hai (disambiguation)
* Haha (rashin fahimta)
* Yana da (disambiguation).</text>
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'''Ha na''' iya nufin to:

== Hukumomi da ƙungiyoyi ==

* Hukumar [[lafiya]]
* Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur.
* Rashin Gida Australia, ƙungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka.
* 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, Shirin tsohon Dan luwaɗi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso
* Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong.

🌍 BISSALAM TRAVELS &amp; TOUR

✈️ Your Trusted Partner in Travel &amp; Tourism.

We make your journey simple, convenient &amp; stress-free.

🛫 Flight Booking &amp; Reservation
🛂 Visa Assistance
🕋 Hajj &amp; Umrah Packages
🏨 Hotel &amp; Accommodation
🌍 Local &amp; International Tours
📄 Travel Documentation.

Safe • Reliable • Affordable • Professional

📞 08069958780
📧 mudassirumd737@gmail.com
📍 No. 4 Abdullahi Fodio Road, Sokoto.

✨ Travel with Confidence. Journey with Ease.

Bissalam travels&amp;tourism.

== Harsuna da [[haruffa]] ==

* Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese
* Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic
* &lt;big&gt;ه&lt;/big&gt; ( hāʾ ), &lt;big&gt;ح&lt;/big&gt; ( ḥāʾ ), ko &lt;big&gt;خ&lt;/big&gt; ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci
* Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka
* [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA.

== [[Wurare]] ==

* Ha, Bhutan
* Ha, Norway
* Ha Gorge, Girka
* Yankin lambar HA, ƙungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London
* Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA).

== Kimiyya Da Fasaha ==

=== [[Kimiyya]] ===

* Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium
* Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate
* Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai.

=== [[Magani]] ===

* [[Hyperandrogenic]] anovulation, wanda kuma ake ƙira polycystic ovary syndrome
* Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria)
* Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura
* Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta

=== Sauran Amfani A [[kimiyya]] Da [[Fasaha]] ===

* ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan [[trigonometric]] a lissafi
* Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi
* Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki
* Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki
* Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis
* Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa
* H &lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga

== Sunayen [[Sunayen|sunaye]] ==

* Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin chaina) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye ɗari''
* Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏)
* Sunan Hà, Vietnamese
* Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko
* Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation

== [[Sufuri]] ==

* British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin)
* Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA)
* Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila

== Sauran [[Amfani]] ==

* Ha (mythology)
* Ha, ɗaya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha
* Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya
* Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka

== Duba [[kuma]] ==

* Hai (disambiguation)
* Haha (rashin fahimta)
* Yana da (disambiguation).</text>
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    <title>Hukumar Finafinai ta Kenya</title>
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'''Hukumar Finafinai ta Kenya''' Hukuma ce dake kula da sha'anin fina-finai a ƙasar [[Kenya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home - Kenya Film Commission|url=http://kenyafilmcommission.com/|website=kenyafilmcommission.com|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013005533/http://kenyafilmcommission.com//|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsari ==
[http://kenyafilmcommission.com/index.php Hukumar tace fina-finai ta Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303230700/http://kenyafilmcommission.com/index.php |date=2022-03-03 }} tana ƙarƙashin ma’aikatar wasanni, al’adu da fasaha tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 2005 har zuwa 2019 lokacin da ta koma ma’aikatar ICT, kirkire-kirkire da harkokin matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=PLC|first=Standard Group|title=kenya film commission|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/kenya-film-commission|access-date=2020-10-26|website=The Standard|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ministan ne ya nada kwamitin. Mambobin kwamitin sun hada da Chris Foot (shugaban hukumar), Judy Bisem, Njoki Muhoho, Julius Lamaon, Michael Onyango, Mwaniki Mageria da Felix Mugabe.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who We Are - Kenya Film Commission|url=http://kenyafilmcommission.com/index.php/about-us/2014-11-17-17-25-23/who-we-are|website=kenyafilmcommission.com|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013005539/http://kenyafilmcommission.com/index.php/about-us/2014-11-17-17-25-23/who-we-are/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Hukumar fina-finai ta Kenya tana tallafawa masana'antar fina-finai ta Kenya ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki don nunawa da yin fim, da kuma shirya tarurrukan ilimi daban-daban kan samarwa ga masu shirya fina-finai na gida. Hukumar ta kuma kafa wata ma’adanar bayanai da za ta jera masu shirya fina-finai, wakilai, hazikan ‘yan gida, masu ruwa da tsaki da masu samar da hidima a masana’antar fim ta Kenya. Hukumar Fina-finai ta Kenya memba ce ta Ƙungiyar hukumomin finafinai ta duniya wato Association of Film Commissions International.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BEST OF KENYA - Volume 1|url=https://issuu.com/svengvp/docs/bestofkenya|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Issuu|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013005546/https://issuu.com/svengvp/docs/bestofkenya/|archive-date=2020-10-13|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da aka yi kwanan nan ==

* Nowhere in Africa
* The Constant Gardener
* Tomb Raider II
* Good Morning America / ABC – live 2 hour broadcast “Seven Modern Wonders of the World”
* The Amazing Race
* Survivor Season 3
* Kibera Kid
* SlumDogg

[[File:TS-ONSET-small2.jpg|thumb| Ɗaukar fasalin fim ɗin Haɗin kai na Kenya tare da haɗin gwiwar matasa masu horar da Kibera]]

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.kenyafilmcommission.com Hukumar Fina-finai ta Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915103401/http://www.kenyafilmcommission.com/ |date=2008-09-15 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080321053132/http://www.filmservices.go.ke/ Jami'in bada lasisin fim]
[[Category:Sinima a Afrika]]
[[Category:Fina-finai]]
[[Category:Kenya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>David Oyelowo</title>
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo''' OBE ( /oʊ j ɛ l oʊ w oʊ / oh-YEL -oh-Woh . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/david-oyelowo-finally-reveals-how-you-pronounce-his-name-10013505.html &quot;David Oyelowo finally reveals how you pronounce his name&quot;] by Daisy Watt, ''[[The Independent]]'', 30 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1976  ), ya kuma kasance ɗan wasan Birtaniya da Amurka kuma furodusa wanda ya ke da shedan zama dan kasa guda biyu a Birtaniya da kuma Amirka dan kasa.   Abubuwan yabo nasa sun haɗa da samun lambar yabo ta Zaɓaɓɓun Masu sukar, Kyautar Kyautar Guild Actors Allon, da kuma nadin na biyu na lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da koma samun lambar yabo ta Emmy guda biyu . A cikin shekara ta( 2016), an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo.
[[File:David Oyelowo February 2015.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo ya yi fice a shirin da ya fito a matsayin [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa ''Selma'' (2014) da Peter Snowdin a cikin fim din HBO Nightingale (2014), dukansu sun ba shi babban yabo. Ya kuma sami yabo ga matsayinsa na Louis Gaines a cikin ''The Butler'' (2013), Seretse Khama a ''Burtaniya'' (2016) da Robert Katende a cikin ''Sarauniyar Katwe'' (2016). Ya kuma taka rawar tallafi a cikin fina-finan ''Rise of the Planet of the birai'' (2011), The Help (2011), ''Lincoln'' (2012), ''Red Tails'' (2012), da ''Jack Reacher'' (2012).

A talabijin, Oyelowo ya firo matsayin jami'in MI5 Danny Hunter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (2002 – 2004) da Javert a cikin miniseries na BBC ''Les Misérables'' (2018). Ya kuma ba da muryar ga Agent Alexsandr Kallus a cikin jerin Lucasfilm Animation ''Star Wars Rebels'' (2014 – 2018).

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Oyelowo a Oxford, Oxfordshire, Ingila,  ga iyayen 'yan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/david-oyelowo-and-daniel-craig-face-off-in-othello &quot;David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig Face Off in ''Othello''] by Michael Schulman, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 28 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa dan [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo ne]], a yammacin Najeriya, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]], a Kudancin Najeriya.  An rene shi a matsayin Baftisma. &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Ya girma a garin Tooting Bec, Kudancin London, har sai da ya kai shekaru shida, lokacin da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]],  Nigeria, inda mahaifinsa Stephen &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; yi aiki da kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa kuma mahaifiyarsa na kamfanin jirgin kasa. David ya halarci makarantar kwana na &lt;nowiki&gt;''style style''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai suna Lagos State Model College, Meiran &quot;lokacin da suke girma a Lagos, Nigeria &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Sun dawo Landan lokacin da Oyelowo na da shekaru sha hudu,  zauna a Islington . &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo 3rd Annual ICON MANN POWER 50 event - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Yayin da yake cikin karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin City da Islington, malaminsa ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Oyelowo ya yi rajista na tsawon shekara guda a cikin kwas na gidauniyar mai aiki, a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Waƙoƙi ta London (LAMDA). Ya kammala horonsa na shekaru uku a 1998.  Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da National Youth Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Both #NYTalumni !|date=2015-05-27|access-date=2015-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Mumbari ===
Ya fara aikinsa na mataki a cikin 1999 lokacin da aka ba shi kakar wasa tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare yana taka rawa a cikin ''Volpone na'' Ben Jonson, a matsayin taken taken a ''Oroonoko'' (wanda kuma ya yi a cikin daidaitawar rediyon BBC) da Shakespeare's ''Antony da Cleopatra'' ( 1999) tare da Guy Henry, Frances de la Tour da Alan Bates . Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa na gaba a matsayin Sarki Henry VI  a cikin 2001 na Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare na Shakespeare's trilogy na wasan kwaikwayo game da sarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kakarsa ''Wannan Ingila: Tarihi'' . A wani babban abin tarihi na wasan kwaikwayo na makafi mai launi, Oyelowo shi ne ɗan wasa bakar fata na farko da ya fara taka wa sarkin Ingila wasa a wani babban shiri na Shakespeare, kuma duk da cewa an fara sukar wannan zaɓen da wasu kafafen yada labarai suka yi, amma wasan Oyelowo ya samu yabo sosai kuma daga baya ya yi nasara. lambar yabo ta 2001 Ian Charleson don mafi kyawun aikin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi a ƙasa da 30 a cikin wasan gargajiya.
[[File:David &amp; Jessica Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana a cikin shirin ''Prometheus Bound'', wanda aka sake farfado da shi a cikin birnin New York a cikin 2007. A cikin 2006, ya fara halarta a karon farko a kan samar da ''The White Iblis'', wanda Inservice ya samar, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo a Brighton wanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Brighton Priyanga Burford, Israel Aduramo, Penelope Cobbuld, da matarsa, Jessica.  Ya taka rawar gani a ''Othello'' a shekara ta 2016 a New York Theatre Workshop tare da Daniel Craig a matsayin Iago, wanda Sam Gold ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/theater/david-oyelowo-othello-new-york-theater-workshop.html &quot;For David Oyelowo, the Time Has Come to Play Othello&quot;] by Alexis Soloski, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talabijin ===
Oyelowo sananne ne a shirin da ya fito na MI5 Danny Hunter akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (wanda aka sani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] kamar ''MI-5'' ) daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ''Gobe La Scala'' (2002), ''Maisie Raine'' (1998) da ''Brothers and Sisters'' (1998). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen lokacinsa akan ''Spooks'' Oyelowo shima ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan Kirsimeti guda biyu na ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya By'' (2005). A cikin 2006, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na ''Born Equal'' tare da Nikki Amuka-Bird a matsayin ma'auratan da ke tserewa zalunci a [[Najeriya]] - su ma sun fito a cikin ''Shoot the Messenger'' (2006), da kuma a ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'' (2008). miji da mata. Sauran cameos sun haɗa da ''Mayo'' (wanda aka yi tauraro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2006) da fim ɗin talabijin ''Sweet Nothing in My Ear'' (2008, a matsayin [[Lauya|lauyan tsaro]] Leonard Grisham), yayin da ya buga maimaitawa ko manyan haruffa akan ''Kwanaki biyar'' (2007) da ''The Passion.'' (2008, a matsayin Yusufu na Arimathea ).

A cikin Disamba 2009, ya taka rawar jagoranci Gilbert a cikin karbuwar TV ta BBC na littafin Andrea Levy ''Small Island''.  A cikin Maris 2010, ya taka rawar Keme Tobodo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC na ''jini da mai'' .  Jarumin ya fito a tauraro a cikin fim din HBO na ''asali Nightingale'' (2014). Kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ViacomCBS. 

=== Ayyukan murya ===
Ya bayyana a matsayin Olaudah Equiano a cikin shirin ''Grace Unshackled - Labarin Olaudah Equiano'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya dace da tarihin tarihin Equiano, ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' . An fara watsa wannan shiri a BBC 7 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2007, tare da matarsa Jessica Oyelowo a matsayin Mrs. Equiano.

A cikin 2007, Oyelowo ya kasance mai karanta ''littadin The Mission Song'' na John le Carré . ''Mujallar AudioFile'' ta bayyana cewa: “Ku yi tunanin David Oyelowo a matsayin mawaƙi ɗaya wanda ke buga dukkan kayan kida a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake gudanarwa a cikin wannan hurarrun wasan kwaikwayo na littafin nan mai tuhuma na John le Carré. . . . Shin da gaske ne mutum ɗaya ne kawai a cikin rumfar rikodi na mai ba da labari? Wannan aikin virtuoso yana sa hakan ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.&quot;  A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi shi don nuna James Bond a cikin sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na ''Trigger Mortis'', wanda Anthony Horowitz ya rubuta . 
[[File:Jessica Oyelowo , LeRoy Mobley and David Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
{{As of|2014}}, he provides the voice of Imperial Security Bureau agent [[Jerin haruffan Star Wars Rebels|Alexsandr Kallus]] a jerin shirye-shiryen zane na ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]''. {{As of|2017}}, Oyelowo voices the spirit of [[Tabo (The Lion King)|Scar]], the main antagonist in season 2 of ''[[Mai Gadin Zaki|The Lion Guard]]''. Oyelowo voiced the Tiger in a television adaptation of ''[[Damisar Da Tazo Shayi|The Tiger Who Came to Tea]]'' which aired on [[Channel 4]] for Christmas 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/5435/the_tiger_who_came_to_tea_cast/ “Comedy actors to voice The Tiger Who Came To Tea”]. Comedy.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
A 2012, Oyelowo ya bayyana a ''[[Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)|Middle of Nowhere]]''. Marubuci-darektan Ava DuVernay ya kasance mai sha'awar aikinsa kuma ya yi tunanin tambayarsa ya ɗauki aikin, amma kafin ta iya, Oyelowo ya karɓi rubutun kwatsam daga wani abokin abokinsa DuVernay wanda ya kasance yana zaune kusa da shi akan gidan yanar gizon. jirgin sama kuma yana tunanin saka hannun jari a cikin aikin.  An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2012 zuwa raves mai mahimmanci. A wannan shekarar Oyelowo ya fito a cikin Lee Daniels ' ''The Paperboy'', wanda ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2012 .  Oyelowo ya sake haduwa da Daniels a shekara mai zuwa a cikin ''The Butler'' . 

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Oyelowo ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, Yoruba Saxon Productions wanda ya hada fina-finai da suka hada da, ''Nightingale'', ''Captive'', ''Five Nights a Maine'', kuma mafi kwanan nan, ''Ƙasar Ingila'' . 

Ya sake yin aiki tare da DuVernay don ''Selma'' (2014), yana wasa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] Fim ɗin, dangane da 1965 Selma zuwa Montgomery yancin jefa ƙuri'a, Lee Daniels an saita shi da farko, amma aikin ya ragu. by Daniels don haka ya iya mayar da hankali kan ''The Butler''.

Ana shirin fito dashi matsayin tauraro tare da Lupita Nyong'o a cikin wani sabon fim ɗin da aka samar daga littafin [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie novel]] ''Americanah'' . Labarin ya biyo bayan wasu matasa ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan Najeriya biyu da suka fuskanci gwagwarmayar rayuwa yayin da dangantakarsu ta dore.

A cikin Fabrairu 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Oyelowo ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Peter Rabbit'' tare da James Corden, Rose Byrne da Domhnall Gleeson suna mai da matsayinsu a matsayin taken taken, Bea da kuma Thomas McGregor don abin da ya biyo baya saboda fitowa a cikin Maris 2021.  

A cikin 2020, Oyelowo ya yi tauraro tare da George Clooney a cikin fim ɗin Netflix ''The Midnight Sky'' .  Kwanan nan, kamfaninsa na Saxon na Yarbawa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kallon farko tare da Disney.  Fim na farko da zai fito daga yarjejeniyar zai kasance ''Komawar Rocketeer'', Disney + - na musamman na fim din 1991 ''The Rocketeer'', wanda Oyelowo zai samar tare da matarsa, Jessica, da Brigham Taylor.  Ana kuma tunanin Oyelowo zai taka rawa a cikin fim din, wanda zai ta'allaka ne akan &quot;wani mai ritaya Tuskegee Airman wanda ya dauki rigar Rocketeer&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheReturnOfTheRocketeer&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Domin hotonsa na Martin Luther King Jr. a ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya sami lambar yabo ta [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]]. . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award na farko don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Hotunan Motsi – Wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo don Kyautar Fim ɗin Zaɓuɓɓuka don Mafi kyawun Actor . 

Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, don wasan kwaikwayonsa a ''Nightingale'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie / Miniseries kuma an zabe shi a matsayin Firayim Minista Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jagoran Jagora a cikin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa ko Fim, Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Kyauta. Mai wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin, Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim ɗin Talabijan, Mini-Series ko Na Musamman na Musamman da Kyautar Tauraron Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin .

An nada Oyelowo Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2016 don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=61450|supp=y|page=N14|date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jessica Oyelowo,  tare da 'ya'ya hudu. Suna zaune a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . 

[[Kirista]] mai kishin addini,  Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani Allah ya kira shi ya buga Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. A yayin da yake yin tsokaci a kan hotonsa na Sarki a cikin fim din ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa, “A koyaushe na san cewa idan na yi wasa da Dr. King, sai da Allah ya shige min gaba saboda idan ka ga Dr. King yana ba da wadancan. jawabai, ka ga yana motsi a baiwarsa”. 

ɗan ƙasa biyu, Oyelowo da matarsa sun zama ƴan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2016.   Da yake yin haka ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi wani fim mai suna ''Selma'' ... kuma fim din ya shafi ‘yancin kada kuri’a kuma na zauna a nan kusan shekaru 10 yanzu kuma ina yawo ina yin fim game da ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuma gaya wa mutane su yi zabe. zabe, kuma ba za ka iya zabe da kanka ba kadan munafunci ne. Na yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da zan yi shi kuma ba lokaci mafi kyau fiye da yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oregonlive&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo Photo Taken By Tyler Boye.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo [[Oba|omoba]] (yarima ) ne na masarautar [[Awe (Nijeriya)|Awe, Nigeria]], wani yanki na tsarin mulkin dattawa a [[Masarautar Najeriya|Najeriya]]. Ya yi sharhi, &quot;yana da amfani don samun kwanan wata amma mai yiwuwa ba wani yawa ba&quot;. 

== Fina-finai ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Film
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|2001
|''Dog Eat Dog''
|CJ
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''A Sound of Thunder''
|Payne
|
|-
|''The Best Man''
|Graham
|
|-
|''Derailed''
|Patrol Officer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''As You Like It''
|Orlando De Boys
|
|-
|''The Last King of Scotland''
|Dr. Junju
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Who Do You Love?''
|Muddy Waters
|
|-
|''A Raisin in the Sun''
|Joseph Asagai
|
|-
|2009
|''Rage''
|Homer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Rise of the Planet of the Apes''
|Steven Jacobs
|
|-
|''The Help''
|Preacher Green
|
|-
|''96 Minutes''
|Duane
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|''Red Tails''
|1st Lt. Joe “Lightning” Little
|
|-
|''The Paperboy''
|Yardley Acheman
|
|-
|''Middle of Nowhere''
|Brian
|Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
|-
|''Lincoln''
|Ira Clark
|
|-
|''Jack Reacher''
|Emerson
|
|-
|2013
|''The Butler''
|Louis Gaines
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|''Nightingale''
|Peter Snowden
|Critics’ Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Black Reel Awards for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series, or Dramatic Special &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
|-
|''Interstellar''
|School Principal
|
|-
|''Default''
|Atlas
|
|-
|''Selma''
|[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
|Black Reel Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kermode Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Village Voice Film Poll Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
|-
|''A Most Violent Year''
|Lawrence
|Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Captive''
|Brian Nichols
|
|-
|''Five Nights in Maine''
|Sherwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;swide.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Nina''
|Clifton Henderson
|
|-
|''Queen of Katwe''
|Robert Katende
|Nominated—Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor
|-
|''A United Kingdom''
|Seretse Khama
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Cloverfield Paradox''
|Kiel
|
|-
|''A Wrinkle in Time''
|The It
|Cameo
|-
|''Gringo''
|Harold Soyinka
|
|-
|2019
|''Don't Let Go''
|Detective Jack Radcliff
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Come Away''
|Jack Littleton
|
|-
|''5150''
|Executive Producer
|
|-
|''The Water Man''
|Amos Boone
|Directorial debut
|-
|''The Midnight Sky''
|Commander Tom Adewole
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Chaos Walking''
|Aaron
|
|-
|''Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway''
|Nigel Basil-Jones
|
|-
|TBA
|''Solitary''
|Chris Newborn
|Post-production
|-
|TBA
|''See How They Run''
|Mervyn Cocker-Norris
|Post-production
|-
|}

=== Wasannin Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Talabijin
! Shekara
! Take
! Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1998
| ''Maisie Raine''
| Sonny McDonald
| Episode: &quot;Abincin Soyayya&quot;
|-
| ''Yan'uwa maza da mata''
| Lester Peters
|
|-
| 2002-2004
| ''Spooks''
| Danny Hunter
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya''
| Patrick
| 2 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| ''Harba Manzo''
| Joseph Pascal
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''Abubuwan Sirrin Gil Mayo''
| Eddie Barton, &quot;Sexy&quot; MP
| Episode: &quot;Fitowa #1.8&quot;
|-
| 2007
| ''Kwanaki biyar''
| Matt Wellings
| 4 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2008
| ''Raisin a cikin Rana''
| Joseph Asagai
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''The Soyayya''
| Yusufu na Arimathea
| Miniseries TV (kashi 1)
|-
| ''Hukumar Binciken Mata Na 1''
| Kremlin Busang
| Kashi: &quot;Hukumar Ganowar Mata ta 1&quot;
|-
| 2009
| ''Small Island''
| Gilbert
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2010
| ''Jini da Mai''
| Keme Tobodo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2011
| ''Matar Kyau''
| Alkali Edward Weldon
| Episode: &quot;Kotu Biyu&quot;
|-
| 2010-2011
| ''Glenn Martin, DDS''
| Malami / Clarence (murya)
| 2 sassa
|-
| 2013
| ''Mai rikitarwa''
| Edward Ekubo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2014-2018
| ''Star Wars Rebels''
| Alexsandr Kallus (murya)
| Fitowa 28  
|-
| 2014
| ''Robot Chicken''
| Gandalf / Ron Alston (murya)
| Episode: &quot;Matattu Lobster Tafiya&quot;
|-
| 2017
| ''The Lion Guard: Tashin Tabo''
| Tabo (murya)
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2017-2019
| ''Mai Gadin Zaki''
| Tabo (murya)
| sassa 17
|-
| 2018
| ''Nunin Joel McHale tare da Joel McHale''
| Kansa
| Episode: &quot;Pizza Ghost&quot;
|-
| 2018-2019
| ''Les Misérables''
| Javert
| 6 episode
|-
| 2020
| ''Fim ɗin Gida: Amaryar Gimbiya'' 
| Humperdinck
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Yarinyar Kafin''
| Edward
| Babban rawa
|-
| TBA
| ''Wool''
| Holston
| Babban rawa
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* Black British elite
* 


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|654648}}
* David Oyelowo at the TCM Movie Database
* David Oyelowo at AllMovie
*  
*  
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for David Oyelowo|list={{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series}}
{{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor}}
{{Ian Charleson Award}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film}}}}{{Authority control}}

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Jarumin fim bakake na Burtaniya]]
[[Category:Jaruman fim maza yarbawa]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1976]]
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo''' OBE ( /oʊ j ɛ l oʊ w oʊ / oh-YEL -oh-Woh . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/david-oyelowo-finally-reveals-how-you-pronounce-his-name-10013505.html &quot;David Oyelowo finally reveals how you pronounce his name&quot;] by Daisy Watt, ''[[The Independent]]'', 30 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1976  ), ya kuma kasance ɗan wasan Birtaniya da Amurka kuma furodusa wanda ya ke da shedan zama dan kasa guda biyu a Birtaniya da kuma Amirka dan kasa.   Abubuwan yabo nasa sun haɗa da samun lambar yabo ta Zaɓaɓɓun Masu sukar, Kyautar Kyautar Guild Actors Allon, da kuma nadin na biyu na lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da koma samun lambar yabo ta Emmy guda biyu . A cikin shekara ta( 2016), an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo.
[[File:David Oyelowo February 2015.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo ya yi fice a shirin da ya fito a matsayin [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa ''Selma'' a (2014) da Peter Snowdin a cikin fim din HBO Nightingale (2014), dukansu sun ba shi babban yabo. Ya kuma sami yabo ga matsayinsa na Louis Gaines a cikin ''The Butler'' (2013), Seretse Khama a ''Burtaniya'' a (2016) da Robert Katende a cikin ''Sarauniyar Katwe'' (2016). Ya kuma taka rawar tallafi a cikin fina-finan ''Rise of the Planet of the birai'' (2011), The Help (2011), ''Lincoln'' (2012), ''Red Tails'' (2012), da ''Jack Reacher'' (2012).

A talabijin, Oyelowo ya fito ne a matsayin jami'in MI5 Danny Hunter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' a (2002 – 2004) da Javert a cikin miniseries na BBC ''Les Misérables'' (2018). Ya kuma ba da muryar ga Agent Alexsandr Kallus a cikin jerin Lucasfilm Animation ''Star Wars Rebels'' (2014 – 2018).

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Oyelowo a Oxford, Oxfordshire, Ingila,  ga iyayen 'yan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/david-oyelowo-and-daniel-craig-face-off-in-othello &quot;David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig Face Off in ''Othello''] by Michael Schulman, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 28 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa dan [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo ne]], a yammacin Najeriya, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]], a Kudancin Najeriya.  An rene shi a matsayin Baftisma. &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Ya girma a garin Tooting Bec, Kudancin London, har sai da ya kai shekaru shida, lokacin da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]],  Nigeria, inda mahaifinsa Stephen &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; yi aiki da kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa kuma mahaifiyarsa na kamfanin jirgin kasa. David ya halarci makarantar kwana na &lt;nowiki&gt;''style style''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai suna Lagos State Model College, Meiran &quot;lokacin da suke girma a Lagos, Nigeria &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Sun dawo Landan lokacin da Oyelowo na da shekaru sha hudu,  zauna a Islington . &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo 3rd Annual ICON MANN POWER 50 event - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Yayin da yake cikin karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin City da Islington, malaminsa ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Oyelowo ya yi rajista na tsawon shekara guda a cikin kwas na gidauniyar mai aiki, a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Waƙoƙi ta London (LAMDA). Ya kammala horonsa na shekaru uku a 1998.  Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da National Youth Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Both #NYTalumni !|date=2015-05-27|access-date=2015-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Mumbari ===
Ya fara aikinsa na mataki a cikin 1999 lokacin da aka ba shi kakar wasa tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare yana taka rawa a cikin ''Volpone na'' Ben Jonson, a matsayin taken taken a ''Oroonoko'' (wanda kuma ya yi a cikin daidaitawar rediyon BBC) da Shakespeare's ''Antony da Cleopatra'' ( 1999) tare da Guy Henry, Frances de la Tour da Alan Bates . Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa na gaba a matsayin Sarki Henry VI  a cikin 2001 na Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare na Shakespeare's trilogy na wasan kwaikwayo game da sarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kakarsa ''Wannan Ingila: Tarihi'' . A wani babban abin tarihi na wasan kwaikwayo na makafi mai launi, Oyelowo shi ne ɗan wasa bakar fata na farko da ya fara taka wa sarkin Ingila wasa a wani babban shiri na Shakespeare, kuma duk da cewa an fara sukar wannan zaɓen da wasu kafafen yada labarai suka yi, amma wasan Oyelowo ya samu yabo sosai kuma daga baya ya yi nasara. lambar yabo ta 2001 Ian Charleson don mafi kyawun aikin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi a ƙasa da 30 a cikin wasan gargajiya.
[[File:David &amp; Jessica Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana a cikin shirin ''Prometheus Bound'', wanda aka sake farfado da shi a cikin birnin New York a cikin 2007. A cikin 2006, ya fara halarta a karon farko a kan samar da ''The White Iblis'', wanda Inservice ya samar, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo a Brighton wanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Brighton Priyanga Burford, Israel Aduramo, Penelope Cobbuld, da matarsa, Jessica.  Ya taka rawar gani a ''Othello'' a shekara ta 2016 a New York Theatre Workshop tare da Daniel Craig a matsayin Iago, wanda Sam Gold ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/theater/david-oyelowo-othello-new-york-theater-workshop.html &quot;For David Oyelowo, the Time Has Come to Play Othello&quot;] by Alexis Soloski, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talabijin ===
Oyelowo sananne ne a shirin da ya fito na MI5 Danny Hunter akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (wanda aka sani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] kamar ''MI-5'' ) daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ''Gobe La Scala'' (2002), ''Maisie Raine'' (1998) da ''Brothers and Sisters'' (1998). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen lokacinsa akan ''Spooks'' Oyelowo shima ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan Kirsimeti guda biyu na ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya By'' (2005). A cikin 2006, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na ''Born Equal'' tare da Nikki Amuka-Bird a matsayin ma'auratan da ke tserewa zalunci a [[Najeriya]] - su ma sun fito a cikin ''Shoot the Messenger'' (2006), da kuma a ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'' (2008). miji da mata. Sauran cameos sun haɗa da ''Mayo'' (wanda aka yi tauraro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2006) da fim ɗin talabijin ''Sweet Nothing in My Ear'' (2008, a matsayin [[Lauya|lauyan tsaro]] Leonard Grisham), yayin da ya buga maimaitawa ko manyan haruffa akan ''Kwanaki biyar'' (2007) da ''The Passion.'' (2008, a matsayin Yusufu na Arimathea ).

A cikin Disamba 2009, ya taka rawar jagoranci Gilbert a cikin karbuwar TV ta BBC na littafin Andrea Levy ''Small Island''.  A cikin Maris 2010, ya taka rawar Keme Tobodo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC na ''jini da mai'' .  Jarumin ya fito a tauraro a cikin fim din HBO na ''asali Nightingale'' (2014). Kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ViacomCBS. 

=== Ayyukan murya ===
Ya bayyana a matsayin Olaudah Equiano a cikin shirin ''Grace Unshackled - Labarin Olaudah Equiano'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya dace da tarihin tarihin Equiano, ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' . An fara watsa wannan shiri a BBC 7 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2007, tare da matarsa Jessica Oyelowo a matsayin Mrs. Equiano.

A cikin 2007, Oyelowo ya kasance mai karanta ''littadin The Mission Song'' na John le Carré . ''Mujallar AudioFile'' ta bayyana cewa: “Ku yi tunanin David Oyelowo a matsayin mawaƙi ɗaya wanda ke buga dukkan kayan kida a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake gudanarwa a cikin wannan hurarrun wasan kwaikwayo na littafin nan mai tuhuma na John le Carré. . . . Shin da gaske ne mutum ɗaya ne kawai a cikin rumfar rikodi na mai ba da labari? Wannan aikin virtuoso yana sa hakan ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.&quot;  A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi shi don nuna James Bond a cikin sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na ''Trigger Mortis'', wanda Anthony Horowitz ya rubuta . 
[[File:Jessica Oyelowo , LeRoy Mobley and David Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
{{As of|2014}}, he provides the voice of Imperial Security Bureau agent [[Jerin haruffan Star Wars Rebels|Alexsandr Kallus]] a jerin shirye-shiryen zane na ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]''. {{As of|2017}}, Oyelowo voices the spirit of [[Tabo (The Lion King)|Scar]], the main antagonist in season 2 of ''[[Mai Gadin Zaki|The Lion Guard]]''. Oyelowo voiced the Tiger in a television adaptation of ''[[Damisar Da Tazo Shayi|The Tiger Who Came to Tea]]'' which aired on [[Channel 4]] for Christmas 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/5435/the_tiger_who_came_to_tea_cast/ “Comedy actors to voice The Tiger Who Came To Tea”]. Comedy.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
A 2012, Oyelowo ya bayyana a ''[[Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)|Middle of Nowhere]]''. Marubuci-darektan Ava DuVernay ya kasance mai sha'awar aikinsa kuma ya yi tunanin tambayarsa ya ɗauki aikin, amma kafin ta iya, Oyelowo ya karɓi rubutun kwatsam daga wani abokin abokinsa DuVernay wanda ya kasance yana zaune kusa da shi akan gidan yanar gizon. jirgin sama kuma yana tunanin saka hannun jari a cikin aikin.  An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2012 zuwa raves mai mahimmanci. A wannan shekarar Oyelowo ya fito a cikin Lee Daniels ' ''The Paperboy'', wanda ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2012 .  Oyelowo ya sake haduwa da Daniels a shekara mai zuwa a cikin ''The Butler'' . 

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Oyelowo ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, Yoruba Saxon Productions wanda ya hada fina-finai da suka hada da, ''Nightingale'', ''Captive'', ''Five Nights a Maine'', kuma mafi kwanan nan, ''Ƙasar Ingila'' . 

Ya sake yin aiki tare da DuVernay don ''Selma'' (2014), yana wasa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] Fim ɗin, dangane da 1965 Selma zuwa Montgomery yancin jefa ƙuri'a, Lee Daniels an saita shi da farko, amma aikin ya ragu. by Daniels don haka ya iya mayar da hankali kan ''The Butler''.

Ana shirin fito dashi matsayin tauraro tare da Lupita Nyong'o a cikin wani sabon fim ɗin da aka samar daga littafin [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie novel]] ''Americanah'' . Labarin ya biyo bayan wasu matasa ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan Najeriya biyu da suka fuskanci gwagwarmayar rayuwa yayin da dangantakarsu ta dore.

A cikin Fabrairu 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Oyelowo ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Peter Rabbit'' tare da James Corden, Rose Byrne da Domhnall Gleeson suna mai da matsayinsu a matsayin taken taken, Bea da kuma Thomas McGregor don abin da ya biyo baya saboda fitowa a cikin Maris 2021.  

A cikin 2020, Oyelowo ya yi tauraro tare da George Clooney a cikin fim ɗin Netflix ''The Midnight Sky'' .  Kwanan nan, kamfaninsa na Saxon na Yarbawa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kallon farko tare da Disney.  Fim na farko da zai fito daga yarjejeniyar zai kasance ''Komawar Rocketeer'', Disney + - na musamman na fim din 1991 ''The Rocketeer'', wanda Oyelowo zai samar tare da matarsa, Jessica, da Brigham Taylor.  Ana kuma tunanin Oyelowo zai taka rawa a cikin fim din, wanda zai ta'allaka ne akan &quot;wani mai ritaya Tuskegee Airman wanda ya dauki rigar Rocketeer&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheReturnOfTheRocketeer&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Domin hotonsa na Martin Luther King Jr. a ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya sami lambar yabo ta [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]]. . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award na farko don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Hotunan Motsi – Wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo don Kyautar Fim ɗin Zaɓuɓɓuka don Mafi kyawun Actor . 

Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, don wasan kwaikwayonsa a ''Nightingale'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie / Miniseries kuma an zabe shi a matsayin Firayim Minista Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jagoran Jagora a cikin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa ko Fim, Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Kyauta. Mai wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin, Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim ɗin Talabijan, Mini-Series ko Na Musamman na Musamman da Kyautar Tauraron Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin .

An nada Oyelowo Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2016 don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=61450|supp=y|page=N14|date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jessica Oyelowo,  tare da 'ya'ya hudu. Suna zaune a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . 

[[Kirista]] mai kishin addini,  Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani Allah ya kira shi ya buga Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. A yayin da yake yin tsokaci a kan hotonsa na Sarki a cikin fim din ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa, “A koyaushe na san cewa idan na yi wasa da Dr. King, sai da Allah ya shige min gaba saboda idan ka ga Dr. King yana ba da wadancan. jawabai, ka ga yana motsi a baiwarsa”. 

ɗan ƙasa biyu, Oyelowo da matarsa sun zama ƴan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2016.   Da yake yin haka ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi wani fim mai suna ''Selma'' ... kuma fim din ya shafi ‘yancin kada kuri’a kuma na zauna a nan kusan shekaru 10 yanzu kuma ina yawo ina yin fim game da ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuma gaya wa mutane su yi zabe. zabe, kuma ba za ka iya zabe da kanka ba kadan munafunci ne. Na yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da zan yi shi kuma ba lokaci mafi kyau fiye da yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oregonlive&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo Photo Taken By Tyler Boye.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo [[Oba|omoba]] (yarima ) ne na masarautar [[Awe (Nijeriya)|Awe, Nigeria]], wani yanki na tsarin mulkin dattawa a [[Masarautar Najeriya|Najeriya]]. Ya yi sharhi, &quot;yana da amfani don samun kwanan wata amma mai yiwuwa ba wani yawa ba&quot;. 

== Fina-finai ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Film
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|2001
|''Dog Eat Dog''
|CJ
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''A Sound of Thunder''
|Payne
|
|-
|''The Best Man''
|Graham
|
|-
|''Derailed''
|Patrol Officer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''As You Like It''
|Orlando De Boys
|
|-
|''The Last King of Scotland''
|Dr. Junju
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Who Do You Love?''
|Muddy Waters
|
|-
|''A Raisin in the Sun''
|Joseph Asagai
|
|-
|2009
|''Rage''
|Homer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Rise of the Planet of the Apes''
|Steven Jacobs
|
|-
|''The Help''
|Preacher Green
|
|-
|''96 Minutes''
|Duane
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|''Red Tails''
|1st Lt. Joe “Lightning” Little
|
|-
|''The Paperboy''
|Yardley Acheman
|
|-
|''Middle of Nowhere''
|Brian
|Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
|-
|''Lincoln''
|Ira Clark
|
|-
|''Jack Reacher''
|Emerson
|
|-
|2013
|''The Butler''
|Louis Gaines
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|''Nightingale''
|Peter Snowden
|Critics’ Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Black Reel Awards for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series, or Dramatic Special &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
|-
|''Interstellar''
|School Principal
|
|-
|''Default''
|Atlas
|
|-
|''Selma''
|[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
|Black Reel Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kermode Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Village Voice Film Poll Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
|-
|''A Most Violent Year''
|Lawrence
|Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Captive''
|Brian Nichols
|
|-
|''Five Nights in Maine''
|Sherwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;swide.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Nina''
|Clifton Henderson
|
|-
|''Queen of Katwe''
|Robert Katende
|Nominated—Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor
|-
|''A United Kingdom''
|Seretse Khama
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Cloverfield Paradox''
|Kiel
|
|-
|''A Wrinkle in Time''
|The It
|Cameo
|-
|''Gringo''
|Harold Soyinka
|
|-
|2019
|''Don't Let Go''
|Detective Jack Radcliff
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Come Away''
|Jack Littleton
|
|-
|''5150''
|Executive Producer
|
|-
|''The Water Man''
|Amos Boone
|Directorial debut
|-
|''The Midnight Sky''
|Commander Tom Adewole
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Chaos Walking''
|Aaron
|
|-
|''Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway''
|Nigel Basil-Jones
|
|-
|TBA
|''Solitary''
|Chris Newborn
|Post-production
|-
|TBA
|''See How They Run''
|Mervyn Cocker-Norris
|Post-production
|-
|}

=== Wasannin Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Talabijin
! Shekara
! Take
! Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1998
| ''Maisie Raine''
| Sonny McDonald
| Episode: &quot;Abincin Soyayya&quot;
|-
| ''Yan'uwa maza da mata''
| Lester Peters
|
|-
| 2002-2004
| ''Spooks''
| Danny Hunter
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya''
| Patrick
| 2 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| ''Harba Manzo''
| Joseph Pascal
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''Abubuwan Sirrin Gil Mayo''
| Eddie Barton, &quot;Sexy&quot; MP
| Episode: &quot;Fitowa #1.8&quot;
|-
| 2007
| ''Kwanaki biyar''
| Matt Wellings
| 4 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2008
| ''Raisin a cikin Rana''
| Joseph Asagai
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''The Soyayya''
| Yusufu na Arimathea
| Miniseries TV (kashi 1)
|-
| ''Hukumar Binciken Mata Na 1''
| Kremlin Busang
| Kashi: &quot;Hukumar Ganowar Mata ta 1&quot;
|-
| 2009
| ''Small Island''
| Gilbert
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2010
| ''Jini da Mai''
| Keme Tobodo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2011
| ''Matar Kyau''
| Alkali Edward Weldon
| Episode: &quot;Kotu Biyu&quot;
|-
| 2010-2011
| ''Glenn Martin, DDS''
| Malami / Clarence (murya)
| 2 sassa
|-
| 2013
| ''Mai rikitarwa''
| Edward Ekubo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2014-2018
| ''Star Wars Rebels''
| Alexsandr Kallus (murya)
| Fitowa 28  
|-
| 2014
| ''Robot Chicken''
| Gandalf / Ron Alston (murya)
| Episode: &quot;Matattu Lobster Tafiya&quot;
|-
| 2017
| ''The Lion Guard: Tashin Tabo''
| Tabo (murya)
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2017-2019
| ''Mai Gadin Zaki''
| Tabo (murya)
| sassa 17
|-
| 2018
| ''Nunin Joel McHale tare da Joel McHale''
| Kansa
| Episode: &quot;Pizza Ghost&quot;
|-
| 2018-2019
| ''Les Misérables''
| Javert
| 6 episode
|-
| 2020
| ''Fim ɗin Gida: Amaryar Gimbiya'' 
| Humperdinck
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Yarinyar Kafin''
| Edward
| Babban rawa
|-
| TBA
| ''Wool''
| Holston
| Babban rawa
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* Black British elite
* 


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|654648}}
* David Oyelowo at the TCM Movie Database
* David Oyelowo at AllMovie
*  
*  
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for David Oyelowo|list={{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series}}
{{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor}}
{{Ian Charleson Award}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film}}}}{{Authority control}}

== Manazarta ==
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo''' OBE ( /oʊ j ɛ l oʊ w oʊ / oh-YEL -oh-Woh . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/david-oyelowo-finally-reveals-how-you-pronounce-his-name-10013505.html &quot;David Oyelowo finally reveals how you pronounce his name&quot;] by Daisy Watt, ''[[The Independent]]'', 30 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1976  ), ya kuma kasance ɗan wasan Birtaniya da Amurka kuma furodusa wanda ya ke da shedan zama dan kasa guda biyu a Birtaniya da kuma Amirka dan kasa.   Abubuwan yabo nasa sun haɗa da samun lambar yabo ta Zaɓaɓɓun Masu sukar, Kyautar Kyautar Guild Actors Allon, da kuma nadin na biyu na lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da koma samun lambar yabo ta Emmy guda biyu . A cikin shekara ta( 2016), an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo.
[[File:David Oyelowo February 2015.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo ya yi fice a shirin da ya fito a matsayin [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa ''Selma'' a (2014) da Peter Snowdin a cikin fim din HBO Nightingale (2014), dukansu sun ba shi babban yabo. Ya kuma sami yabo ga matsayinsa na Louis Gaines a cikin ''The Butler'' (2013), Seretse Khama a ''Burtaniya'' a (2016) da Robert Katende a cikin ''Sarauniyar Katwe'' (2016). Ya kuma taka rawar tallafi a cikin fina-finan ''Rise of the Planet of the birai'' (2011), The Help (2011), ''Lincoln'' (2012), ''Red Tails'' (2012), da ''Jack Reacher'' (2012).

A talabijin, Oyelowo ya fito ne a matsayin jami'in MI5 Danny Hunter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' a (2002 – 2004) da Javert a cikin miniseries na BBC ''Les Misérables'' (2018). Ya kuma ba da muryar ga Agent Alexsandr Kallus a cikin jerin Lucasfilm Animation ''Star Wars Rebels'' (2014 – 2018).

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Oyelowo a Oxford, Oxfordshire, Ingila,  ga iyayen 'yan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/david-oyelowo-and-daniel-craig-face-off-in-othello &quot;David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig Face Off in ''Othello''] by Michael Schulman, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 28 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa dan [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo ne]], a yammacin Najeriya, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]], a Kudancin Najeriya.  An rene shi a matsayin Baftisma. &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Ya girma a garin Tooting Bec, Kudancin London, har sai da ya kai shekaru shida, lokacin da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]],  Nigeria, inda mahaifinsa Stephen &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; yi aiki da kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa kuma mahaifiyarsa na kamfanin jirgin kasa. David ya halarci makarantar kwana na &lt;nowiki&gt;''style style''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai suna Lagos State Model College, Meiran &quot;lokacin da suke girma a Lagos, Nigeria &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Sun dawo Landan lokacin da Oyelowo na da shekaru sha hudu,  zauna a Islington . &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo 3rd Annual ICON MANN POWER 50 event - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Yayin da yake cikin karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin City da Islington, malaminsa ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Oyelowo ya yi rajista na tsawon shekara guda a cikin kwas na gidauniyar mai aiki, a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Waƙoƙi ta London (LAMDA). Ya kammala horonsa na shekaru uku a 1998.  Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da National Youth Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Both #NYTalumni !|date=2015-05-27|access-date=2015-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Mumbari ===
Ya fara aikinsa na mataki a cikin shekarun 1999 lokacin da aka ba shi kakar wasa tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare yana taka rawa a cikin ''Volpone na'' Ben Jonson, a matsayin taken taken a ''Oroonoko'' (wanda kuma ya yi a cikin daidaitawar rediyon BBC) da Shakespeare's ''Antony da Cleopatra'' ( 1999) tare da Guy Henry, Frances de la Tour da Alan Bates . Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa na gaba a matsayin Sarki Henry VI  a cikin 2001 na Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare na Shakespeare's trilogy na wasan kwaikwayo game da sarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kakarsa ''Wannan Ingila: Tarihi'' . A wani babban abin tarihi na wasan kwaikwayo na makafi mai launi, Oyelowo shi ne ɗan wasa bakar fata na farko da ya fara taka wa sarkin Ingila wasa a wani babban shiri na Shakespeare, kuma duk da cewa an fara sukar wannan zaɓen da wasu kafafen yada labarai suka yi, amma wasan Oyelowo ya samu yabo sosai kuma daga baya ya yi nasara. lambar yabo ta 2001 Ian Charleson don mafi kyawun aikin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi a ƙasa da 30 a cikin wasan gargajiya.
[[File:David &amp; Jessica Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana a cikin shirin ''Prometheus Bound'', wanda aka sake farfado da shi a cikin birnin New York a cikin 2007. A cikin 2006, ya fara halarta a karon farko a kan samar da ''The White Iblis'', wanda Inservice ya samar, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo a Brighton wanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Brighton Priyanga Burford, Israel Aduramo, Penelope Cobbuld, da matarsa, Jessica.  Ya taka rawar gani a ''Othello'' a shekara ta 2016 a New York Theatre Workshop tare da Daniel Craig a matsayin Iago, wanda Sam Gold ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/theater/david-oyelowo-othello-new-york-theater-workshop.html &quot;For David Oyelowo, the Time Has Come to Play Othello&quot;] by Alexis Soloski, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talabijin ===
Oyelowo sananne ne a shirin da ya fito na MI5 Danny Hunter akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (wanda aka sani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] kamar ''MI-5'' ) daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ''Gobe La Scala'' (2002), ''Maisie Raine'' (1998) da ''Brothers and Sisters'' (1998). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen lokacinsa akan ''Spooks'' Oyelowo shima ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan Kirsimeti guda biyu na ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya By'' (2005). A cikin 2006, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na ''Born Equal'' tare da Nikki Amuka-Bird a matsayin ma'auratan da ke tserewa zalunci a [[Najeriya]] - su ma sun fito a cikin ''Shoot the Messenger'' (2006), da kuma a ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'' (2008). miji da mata. Sauran cameos sun haɗa da ''Mayo'' (wanda aka yi tauraro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2006) da fim ɗin talabijin ''Sweet Nothing in My Ear'' (2008, a matsayin [[Lauya|lauyan tsaro]] Leonard Grisham), yayin da ya buga maimaitawa ko manyan haruffa akan ''Kwanaki biyar'' (2007) da ''The Passion.'' (2008, a matsayin Yusufu na Arimathea ).

A cikin Disamba a shekarar 2009, ya taka rawar jagoranci Gilbert a cikin karbuwar TV ta BBC na littafin Andrea Levy ''Small Island''.  A cikin Maris 2010, ya taka rawar Keme Tobodo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC na ''jini da mai'' .  Jarumin ya fito a tauraro a cikin fim din HBO na ''asali Nightingale'' (2014). Kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ViacomCBS. 

=== Ayyukan murya ===
Ya bayyana a matsayin Olaudah Equiano a cikin shirin ''Grace Unshackled - Labarin Olaudah Equiano'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya dace da tarihin tarihin Equiano, ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' . An fara watsa wannan shiri a BBC 7 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2007, tare da matarsa Jessica Oyelowo a matsayin Mrs. Equiano.

A cikin 2007, Oyelowo ya kasance mai karanta ''littadin The Mission Song'' na John le Carré . ''Mujallar AudioFile'' ta bayyana cewa: “Ku yi tunanin David Oyelowo a matsayin mawaƙi ɗaya wanda ke buga dukkan kayan kida a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake gudanarwa a cikin wannan hurarrun wasan kwaikwayo na littafin nan mai tuhuma na John le Carré. . . . Shin da gaske ne mutum ɗaya ne kawai a cikin rumfar rikodi na mai ba da labari? Wannan aikin virtuoso yana sa hakan ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.&quot;  A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi shi don nuna James Bond a cikin sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na ''Trigger Mortis'', wanda Anthony Horowitz ya rubuta . 
[[File:Jessica Oyelowo , LeRoy Mobley and David Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
{{As of|2014}}, he provides the voice of Imperial Security Bureau agent [[Jerin haruffan Star Wars Rebels|Alexsandr Kallus]] a jerin shirye-shiryen zane na ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]''. {{As of|2017}}, Oyelowo voices the spirit of [[Tabo (The Lion King)|Scar]], the main antagonist in season 2 of ''[[Mai Gadin Zaki|The Lion Guard]]''. Oyelowo voiced the Tiger in a television adaptation of ''[[Damisar Da Tazo Shayi|The Tiger Who Came to Tea]]'' which aired on [[Channel 4]] for Christmas 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/5435/the_tiger_who_came_to_tea_cast/ “Comedy actors to voice The Tiger Who Came To Tea”]. Comedy.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
A 2012, Oyelowo ya bayyana a ''[[Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)|Middle of Nowhere]]''. Marubuci-darektan Ava DuVernay ya kasance mai sha'awar aikinsa kuma ya yi tunanin tambayarsa ya ɗauki aikin, amma kafin ta iya, Oyelowo ya karɓi rubutun kwatsam daga wani abokin abokinsa DuVernay wanda ya kasance yana zaune kusa da shi akan gidan yanar gizon. jirgin sama kuma yana tunanin saka hannun jari a cikin aikin.  An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2012 zuwa raves mai mahimmanci. A wannan shekarar Oyelowo ya fito a cikin Lee Daniels ' ''The Paperboy'', wanda ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2012 .  Oyelowo ya sake haduwa da Daniels a shekara mai zuwa a cikin ''The Butler'' . 

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Oyelowo ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, Yoruba Saxon Productions wanda ya hada fina-finai da suka hada da, ''Nightingale'', ''Captive'', ''Five Nights a Maine'', kuma mafi kwanan nan, ''Ƙasar Ingila'' . 

Ya sake yin aiki tare da DuVernay don ''Selma'' (2014), yana wasa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] Fim ɗin, dangane da 1965 Selma zuwa Montgomery yancin jefa ƙuri'a, Lee Daniels an saita shi da farko, amma aikin ya ragu. by Daniels don haka ya iya mayar da hankali kan ''The Butler''.

Ana shirin fito dashi matsayin tauraro tare da Lupita Nyong'o a cikin wani sabon fim ɗin da aka samar daga littafin [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie novel]] ''Americanah'' . Labarin ya biyo bayan wasu matasa ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan Najeriya biyu da suka fuskanci gwagwarmayar rayuwa yayin da dangantakarsu ta dore.

A cikin Fabrairu 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Oyelowo ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Peter Rabbit'' tare da James Corden, Rose Byrne da Domhnall Gleeson suna mai da matsayinsu a matsayin taken taken, Bea da kuma Thomas McGregor don abin da ya biyo baya saboda fitowa a cikin Maris 2021.  

A cikin 2020, Oyelowo ya yi tauraro tare da George Clooney a cikin fim ɗin Netflix ''The Midnight Sky'' .  Kwanan nan, kamfaninsa na Saxon na Yarbawa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kallon farko tare da Disney.  Fim na farko da zai fito daga yarjejeniyar zai kasance ''Komawar Rocketeer'', Disney + - na musamman na fim din 1991 ''The Rocketeer'', wanda Oyelowo zai samar tare da matarsa, Jessica, da Brigham Taylor.  Ana kuma tunanin Oyelowo zai taka rawa a cikin fim din, wanda zai ta'allaka ne akan &quot;wani mai ritaya Tuskegee Airman wanda ya dauki rigar Rocketeer&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheReturnOfTheRocketeer&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Domin hotonsa na Martin Luther King Jr. a ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya sami lambar yabo ta [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]]. . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award na farko don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Hotunan Motsi – Wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo don Kyautar Fim ɗin Zaɓuɓɓuka don Mafi kyawun Actor . 

Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, don wasan kwaikwayonsa a ''Nightingale'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie / Miniseries kuma an zabe shi a matsayin Firayim Minista Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jagoran Jagora a cikin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa ko Fim, Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Kyauta. Mai wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin, Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim ɗin Talabijan, Mini-Series ko Na Musamman na Musamman da Kyautar Tauraron Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin .

An nada Oyelowo Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2016 don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=61450|supp=y|page=N14|date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jessica Oyelowo,  tare da 'ya'ya hudu. Suna zaune a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . 

[[Kirista]] mai kishin addini,  Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani Allah ya kira shi ya buga Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. A yayin da yake yin tsokaci a kan hotonsa na Sarki a cikin fim din ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa, “A koyaushe na san cewa idan na yi wasa da Dr. King, sai da Allah ya shige min gaba saboda idan ka ga Dr. King yana ba da wadancan. jawabai, ka ga yana motsi a baiwarsa”. 

ɗan ƙasa biyu, Oyelowo da matarsa sun zama ƴan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2016.   Da yake yin haka ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi wani fim mai suna ''Selma'' ... kuma fim din ya shafi ‘yancin kada kuri’a kuma na zauna a nan kusan shekaru 10 yanzu kuma ina yawo ina yin fim game da ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuma gaya wa mutane su yi zabe. zabe, kuma ba za ka iya zabe da kanka ba kadan munafunci ne. Na yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da zan yi shi kuma ba lokaci mafi kyau fiye da yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oregonlive&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo Photo Taken By Tyler Boye.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo [[Oba|omoba]] (yarima ) ne na masarautar [[Awe (Nijeriya)|Awe, Nigeria]], wani yanki na tsarin mulkin dattawa a [[Masarautar Najeriya|Najeriya]]. Ya yi sharhi, &quot;yana da amfani don samun kwanan wata amma mai yiwuwa ba wani yawa ba&quot;. 

== Fina-finai ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Film
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|2001
|''Dog Eat Dog''
|CJ
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''A Sound of Thunder''
|Payne
|
|-
|''The Best Man''
|Graham
|
|-
|''Derailed''
|Patrol Officer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''As You Like It''
|Orlando De Boys
|
|-
|''The Last King of Scotland''
|Dr. Junju
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Who Do You Love?''
|Muddy Waters
|
|-
|''A Raisin in the Sun''
|Joseph Asagai
|
|-
|2009
|''Rage''
|Homer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Rise of the Planet of the Apes''
|Steven Jacobs
|
|-
|''The Help''
|Preacher Green
|
|-
|''96 Minutes''
|Duane
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|''Red Tails''
|1st Lt. Joe “Lightning” Little
|
|-
|''The Paperboy''
|Yardley Acheman
|
|-
|''Middle of Nowhere''
|Brian
|Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
|-
|''Lincoln''
|Ira Clark
|
|-
|''Jack Reacher''
|Emerson
|
|-
|2013
|''The Butler''
|Louis Gaines
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|''Nightingale''
|Peter Snowden
|Critics’ Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Black Reel Awards for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series, or Dramatic Special &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
|-
|''Interstellar''
|School Principal
|
|-
|''Default''
|Atlas
|
|-
|''Selma''
|[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
|Black Reel Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kermode Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Village Voice Film Poll Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
|-
|''A Most Violent Year''
|Lawrence
|Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Captive''
|Brian Nichols
|
|-
|''Five Nights in Maine''
|Sherwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;swide.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Nina''
|Clifton Henderson
|
|-
|''Queen of Katwe''
|Robert Katende
|Nominated—Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor
|-
|''A United Kingdom''
|Seretse Khama
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Cloverfield Paradox''
|Kiel
|
|-
|''A Wrinkle in Time''
|The It
|Cameo
|-
|''Gringo''
|Harold Soyinka
|
|-
|2019
|''Don't Let Go''
|Detective Jack Radcliff
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Come Away''
|Jack Littleton
|
|-
|''5150''
|Executive Producer
|
|-
|''The Water Man''
|Amos Boone
|Directorial debut
|-
|''The Midnight Sky''
|Commander Tom Adewole
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Chaos Walking''
|Aaron
|
|-
|''Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway''
|Nigel Basil-Jones
|
|-
|TBA
|''Solitary''
|Chris Newborn
|Post-production
|-
|TBA
|''See How They Run''
|Mervyn Cocker-Norris
|Post-production
|-
|}

=== Wasannin Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Talabijin
! Shekara
! Take
! Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1998
| ''Maisie Raine''
| Sonny McDonald
| Episode: &quot;Abincin Soyayya&quot;
|-
| ''Yan'uwa maza da mata''
| Lester Peters
|
|-
| 2002-2004
| ''Spooks''
| Danny Hunter
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya''
| Patrick
| 2 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| ''Harba Manzo''
| Joseph Pascal
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''Abubuwan Sirrin Gil Mayo''
| Eddie Barton, &quot;Sexy&quot; MP
| Episode: &quot;Fitowa #1.8&quot;
|-
| 2007
| ''Kwanaki biyar''
| Matt Wellings
| 4 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2008
| ''Raisin a cikin Rana''
| Joseph Asagai
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''The Soyayya''
| Yusufu na Arimathea
| Miniseries TV (kashi 1)
|-
| ''Hukumar Binciken Mata Na 1''
| Kremlin Busang
| Kashi: &quot;Hukumar Ganowar Mata ta 1&quot;
|-
| 2009
| ''Small Island''
| Gilbert
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2010
| ''Jini da Mai''
| Keme Tobodo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2011
| ''Matar Kyau''
| Alkali Edward Weldon
| Episode: &quot;Kotu Biyu&quot;
|-
| 2010-2011
| ''Glenn Martin, DDS''
| Malami / Clarence (murya)
| 2 sassa
|-
| 2013
| ''Mai rikitarwa''
| Edward Ekubo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2014-2018
| ''Star Wars Rebels''
| Alexsandr Kallus (murya)
| Fitowa 28  
|-
| 2014
| ''Robot Chicken''
| Gandalf / Ron Alston (murya)
| Episode: &quot;Matattu Lobster Tafiya&quot;
|-
| 2017
| ''The Lion Guard: Tashin Tabo''
| Tabo (murya)
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2017-2019
| ''Mai Gadin Zaki''
| Tabo (murya)
| sassa 17
|-
| 2018
| ''Nunin Joel McHale tare da Joel McHale''
| Kansa
| Episode: &quot;Pizza Ghost&quot;
|-
| 2018-2019
| ''Les Misérables''
| Javert
| 6 episode
|-
| 2020
| ''Fim ɗin Gida: Amaryar Gimbiya'' 
| Humperdinck
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Yarinyar Kafin''
| Edward
| Babban rawa
|-
| TBA
| ''Wool''
| Holston
| Babban rawa
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* Black British elite
* 


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|654648}}
* David Oyelowo at the TCM Movie Database
* David Oyelowo at AllMovie
*  
*  
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for David Oyelowo|list={{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series}}
{{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor}}
{{Ian Charleson Award}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film}}}}{{Authority control}}

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Jarumin fim bakake na Burtaniya]]
[[Category:Jaruman fim maza yarbawa]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1976]]
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:29:25Z</timestamp>
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        <id>24854</id>
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo''' OBE ( /oʊ j ɛ l oʊ w oʊ / oh-YEL -oh-Woh . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/david-oyelowo-finally-reveals-how-you-pronounce-his-name-10013505.html &quot;David Oyelowo finally reveals how you pronounce his name&quot;] by Daisy Watt, ''[[The Independent]]'', 30 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1976  ), ya kuma kasance ɗan wasan Birtaniya da Amurka kuma furodusa wanda ya ke da shedan zama dan kasa guda biyu a Birtaniya da kuma Amirka dan kasa.   Abubuwan yabo nasa sun haɗa da samun lambar yabo ta Zaɓaɓɓun Masu sukar, Kyautar Kyautar Guild Actors Allon, da kuma nadin na biyu na lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da koma samun lambar yabo ta Emmy guda biyu . A cikin shekara ta( 2016), an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo.
[[File:David Oyelowo February 2015.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo ya yi fice a shirin da ya fito a matsayin [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa ''Selma'' a (2014) da Peter Snowdin a cikin fim din HBO Nightingale (2014), dukansu sun ba shi babban yabo. Ya kuma sami yabo ga matsayinsa na Louis Gaines a cikin ''The Butler'' (2013), Seretse Khama a ''Burtaniya'' a (2016) da Robert Katende a cikin ''Sarauniyar Katwe'' (2016). Ya kuma taka rawar tallafi a cikin fina-finan ''Rise of the Planet of the birai'' (2011), The Help (2011), ''Lincoln'' (2012), ''Red Tails'' (2012), da ''Jack Reacher'' (2012).

A talabijin, Oyelowo ya fito ne a matsayin jami'in MI5 Danny Hunter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' a (2002 – 2004) da Javert a cikin miniseries na BBC ''Les Misérables'' (2018). Ya kuma ba da muryar ga Agent Alexsandr Kallus a cikin jerin Lucasfilm Animation ''Star Wars Rebels'' (2014 – 2018).

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Oyelowo a Oxford, Oxfordshire, Ingila,  ga iyayen 'yan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/david-oyelowo-and-daniel-craig-face-off-in-othello &quot;David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig Face Off in ''Othello''] by Michael Schulman, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 28 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa dan [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo ne]], a yammacin Najeriya, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]], a Kudancin Najeriya.  An rene shi a matsayin Baftisma. &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Ya girma a garin Tooting Bec, Kudancin London, har sai da ya kai shekaru shida, lokacin da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]],  Nigeria, inda mahaifinsa Stephen &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; yi aiki da kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa kuma mahaifiyarsa na kamfanin jirgin kasa. David ya halarci makarantar kwana na &lt;nowiki&gt;''style style''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai suna Lagos State Model College, Meiran &quot;lokacin da suke girma a Lagos, Nigeria &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Sun dawo Landan lokacin da Oyelowo na da shekaru sha hudu,  zauna a Islington . &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo 3rd Annual ICON MANN POWER 50 event - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Yayin da yake cikin karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin City da Islington, malaminsa ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Oyelowo ya yi rajista na tsawon shekara guda a cikin kwas na gidauniyar mai aiki, a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Waƙoƙi ta London (LAMDA). Ya kammala horonsa na shekaru uku a 1998.  Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da National Youth Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Both #NYTalumni !|date=2015-05-27|access-date=2015-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Mumbari ===
Ya fara aikinsa na mataki a cikin shekarun 1999 lokacin da aka ba shi kakar wasa tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare yana taka rawa a cikin ''Volpone na'' Ben Jonson, a matsayin taken taken a ''Oroonoko'' (wanda kuma ya yi a cikin daidaitawar rediyon BBC) da Shakespeare's ''Antony da Cleopatra'' ( 1999) tare da Guy Henry, Frances de la Tour da Alan Bates . Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa na gaba a matsayin Sarki Henry VI  a cikin 2001 na Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare na Shakespeare's trilogy na wasan kwaikwayo game da sarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kakarsa ''Wannan Ingila: Tarihi'' . A wani babban abin tarihi na wasan kwaikwayo na makafi mai launi, Oyelowo shi ne ɗan wasa bakar fata na farko da ya fara taka wa sarkin Ingila wasa a wani babban shiri na Shakespeare, kuma duk da cewa an fara sukar wannan zaɓen da wasu kafafen yada labarai suka yi, amma wasan Oyelowo ya samu yabo sosai kuma daga baya ya yi nasara. lambar yabo ta 2001 Ian Charleson don mafi kyawun aikin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi a ƙasa da 30 a cikin wasan gargajiya.
[[File:David &amp; Jessica Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana a cikin shirin ''Prometheus Bound'', wanda aka sake farfado da shi a cikin birnin New York a cikin 2007. A cikin 2006, ya fara halarta a karon farko a kan samar da ''The White Iblis'', wanda Inservice ya samar, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo a Brighton wanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Brighton Priyanga Burford, Israel Aduramo, Penelope Cobbuld, da matarsa, Jessica.  Ya taka rawar gani a ''Othello'' a shekara ta 2016 a New York Theatre Workshop tare da Daniel Craig a matsayin Iago, wanda Sam Gold ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/theater/david-oyelowo-othello-new-york-theater-workshop.html &quot;For David Oyelowo, the Time Has Come to Play Othello&quot;] by Alexis Soloski, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talabijin ===
Oyelowo sananne ne a shirin da ya fito na MI5 Danny Hunter akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (wanda aka sani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] kamar ''MI-5'' ) daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ''Gobe La Scala'' (2002), ''Maisie Raine'' (1998) da ''Brothers and Sisters'' (1998). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen lokacinsa akan ''Spooks'' Oyelowo shima ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan Kirsimeti guda biyu na ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya By'' (2005). A cikin 2006, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na ''Born Equal'' tare da Nikki Amuka-Bird a matsayin ma'auratan da ke tserewa zalunci a [[Najeriya]] - su ma sun fito a cikin ''Shoot the Messenger'' (2006), da kuma a ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'' (2008). miji da mata. Sauran cameos sun haɗa da ''Mayo'' (wanda aka yi tauraro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2006) da fim ɗin talabijin ''Sweet Nothing in My Ear'' (2008, a matsayin [[Lauya|lauyan tsaro]] Leonard Grisham), yayin da ya buga maimaitawa ko manyan haruffa akan ''Kwanaki biyar'' (2007) da ''The Passion.'' (2008, a matsayin Yusufu na Arimathea ).

A cikin Disamba a shekarar 2009, ya taka rawar jagoranci Gilbert a cikin karbuwar TV ta BBC na littafin Andrea Levy ''Small Island''.  A cikin Maris 2010, ya taka rawar Keme Tobodo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC na ''jini da mai'' .  Jarumin ya fito a tauraro a cikin fim din HBO na ''asali Nightingale'' (2014). Kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ViacomCBS. 

=== Ayyukan murya ===
Ya bayyana a matsayin Olaudah Equiano a cikin shirin ''Grace Unshackled - Labarin Olaudah Equiano'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya dace da tarihin tarihin Equiano, ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' . An fara watsa wannan shiri a BBC 7 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2007, tare da matarsa Jessica Oyelowo a matsayin Mrs. Equiano.

A cikin shekarar 2007, Oyelowo ya kasance mai karanta ''littadin The Mission Song'' na John le Carré . ''Mujallar AudioFile'' ta bayyana cewa: “Ku yi tunanin David Oyelowo a matsayin mawaƙi ɗaya wanda ke buga dukkan kayan kida a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake gudanarwa a cikin wannan hurarrun wasan kwaikwayo na littafin nan mai tuhuma na John le Carré. . . . Shin da gaske ne mutum ɗaya ne kawai a cikin rumfar rikodi na mai ba da labari? Wannan aikin virtuoso yana sa hakan ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.&quot;  A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi shi don nuna James Bond a cikin sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na ''Trigger Mortis'', wanda Anthony Horowitz ya rubuta . 
[[File:Jessica Oyelowo , LeRoy Mobley and David Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
{{As of|2014}}, he provides the voice of Imperial Security Bureau agent [[Jerin haruffan Star Wars Rebels|Alexsandr Kallus]] a jerin shirye-shiryen zane na ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]''. {{As of|2017}}, Oyelowo voices the spirit of [[Tabo (The Lion King)|Scar]], the main antagonist in season 2 of ''[[Mai Gadin Zaki|The Lion Guard]]''. Oyelowo voiced the Tiger in a television adaptation of ''[[Damisar Da Tazo Shayi|The Tiger Who Came to Tea]]'' which aired on [[Channel 4]] for Christmas 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/5435/the_tiger_who_came_to_tea_cast/ “Comedy actors to voice The Tiger Who Came To Tea”]. Comedy.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
A cikin shekarar 2012, Oyelowo ya bayyana a ''[[Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)|Middle of Nowhere]]''. Marubuci-darektan Ava DuVernay ya kasance mai sha'awar aikinsa kuma ya yi tunanin tambayarsa ya ɗauki aikin, amma kafin ta iya, Oyelowo ya karɓi rubutun kwatsam daga wani abokin abokinsa DuVernay wanda ya kasance yana zaune kusa da shi akan gidan yanar gizon. jirgin sama kuma yana tunanin saka hannun jari a cikin aikin.  An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2012 zuwa raves mai mahimmanci. A wannan shekarar Oyelowo ya fito a cikin Lee Daniels ' ''The Paperboy'', wanda ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2012 .  Oyelowo ya sake haduwa da Daniels a shekara mai zuwa a cikin ''The Butler'' . 

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Oyelowo ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, Yoruba Saxon Productions wanda ya hada fina-finai da suka hada da, ''Nightingale'', ''Captive'', ''Five Nights a Maine'', kuma mafi kwanan nan, ''Ƙasar Ingila'' . 

Ya sake yin aiki tare da DuVernay don ''Selma'' (2014), yana wasa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] Fim ɗin, dangane da 1965 Selma zuwa Montgomery yancin jefa ƙuri'a, Lee Daniels an saita shi da farko, amma aikin ya ragu. by Daniels don haka ya iya mayar da hankali kan ''The Butler''.

Ana shirin fito dashi matsayin tauraro tare da Lupita Nyong'o a cikin wani sabon fim ɗin da aka samar daga littafin [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie novel]] ''Americanah'' . Labarin ya biyo bayan wasu matasa ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan Najeriya biyu da suka fuskanci gwagwarmayar rayuwa yayin da dangantakarsu ta dore.

A cikin Fabrairu 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Oyelowo ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Peter Rabbit'' tare da James Corden, Rose Byrne da Domhnall Gleeson suna mai da matsayinsu a matsayin taken taken, Bea da kuma Thomas McGregor don abin da ya biyo baya saboda fitowa a cikin Maris 2021.  

A cikin 2020, Oyelowo ya yi tauraro tare da George Clooney a cikin fim ɗin Netflix ''The Midnight Sky'' .  Kwanan nan, kamfaninsa na Saxon na Yarbawa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kallon farko tare da Disney.  Fim na farko da zai fito daga yarjejeniyar zai kasance ''Komawar Rocketeer'', Disney + - na musamman na fim din 1991 ''The Rocketeer'', wanda Oyelowo zai samar tare da matarsa, Jessica, da Brigham Taylor.  Ana kuma tunanin Oyelowo zai taka rawa a cikin fim din, wanda zai ta'allaka ne akan &quot;wani mai ritaya Tuskegee Airman wanda ya dauki rigar Rocketeer&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheReturnOfTheRocketeer&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Domin hotonsa na Martin Luther King Jr. a ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya sami lambar yabo ta [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]]. . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award na farko don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Hotunan Motsi – Wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo don Kyautar Fim ɗin Zaɓuɓɓuka don Mafi kyawun Actor . 

Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, don wasan kwaikwayonsa a ''Nightingale'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie / Miniseries kuma an zabe shi a matsayin Firayim Minista Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jagoran Jagora a cikin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa ko Fim, Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Kyauta. Mai wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin, Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim ɗin Talabijan, Mini-Series ko Na Musamman na Musamman da Kyautar Tauraron Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin .

An nada Oyelowo Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2016 don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=61450|supp=y|page=N14|date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jessica Oyelowo,  tare da 'ya'ya hudu. Suna zaune a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . 

[[Kirista]] mai kishin addini,  Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani Allah ya kira shi ya buga Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. A yayin da yake yin tsokaci a kan hotonsa na Sarki a cikin fim din ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa, “A koyaushe na san cewa idan na yi wasa da Dr. King, sai da Allah ya shige min gaba saboda idan ka ga Dr. King yana ba da wadancan. jawabai, ka ga yana motsi a baiwarsa”. 

ɗan ƙasa biyu, Oyelowo da matarsa sun zama ƴan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2016.   Da yake yin haka ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi wani fim mai suna ''Selma'' ... kuma fim din ya shafi ‘yancin kada kuri’a kuma na zauna a nan kusan shekaru 10 yanzu kuma ina yawo ina yin fim game da ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuma gaya wa mutane su yi zabe. zabe, kuma ba za ka iya zabe da kanka ba kadan munafunci ne. Na yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da zan yi shi kuma ba lokaci mafi kyau fiye da yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oregonlive&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo Photo Taken By Tyler Boye.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo [[Oba|omoba]] (yarima ) ne na masarautar [[Awe (Nijeriya)|Awe, Nigeria]], wani yanki na tsarin mulkin dattawa a [[Masarautar Najeriya|Najeriya]]. Ya yi sharhi, &quot;yana da amfani don samun kwanan wata amma mai yiwuwa ba wani yawa ba&quot;. 

== Fina-finai ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Film
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|2001
|''Dog Eat Dog''
|CJ
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''A Sound of Thunder''
|Payne
|
|-
|''The Best Man''
|Graham
|
|-
|''Derailed''
|Patrol Officer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''As You Like It''
|Orlando De Boys
|
|-
|''The Last King of Scotland''
|Dr. Junju
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Who Do You Love?''
|Muddy Waters
|
|-
|''A Raisin in the Sun''
|Joseph Asagai
|
|-
|2009
|''Rage''
|Homer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Rise of the Planet of the Apes''
|Steven Jacobs
|
|-
|''The Help''
|Preacher Green
|
|-
|''96 Minutes''
|Duane
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|''Red Tails''
|1st Lt. Joe “Lightning” Little
|
|-
|''The Paperboy''
|Yardley Acheman
|
|-
|''Middle of Nowhere''
|Brian
|Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
|-
|''Lincoln''
|Ira Clark
|
|-
|''Jack Reacher''
|Emerson
|
|-
|2013
|''The Butler''
|Louis Gaines
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|''Nightingale''
|Peter Snowden
|Critics’ Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Black Reel Awards for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series, or Dramatic Special &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
|-
|''Interstellar''
|School Principal
|
|-
|''Default''
|Atlas
|
|-
|''Selma''
|[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
|Black Reel Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kermode Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Village Voice Film Poll Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
|-
|''A Most Violent Year''
|Lawrence
|Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Captive''
|Brian Nichols
|
|-
|''Five Nights in Maine''
|Sherwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;swide.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Nina''
|Clifton Henderson
|
|-
|''Queen of Katwe''
|Robert Katende
|Nominated—Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor
|-
|''A United Kingdom''
|Seretse Khama
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Cloverfield Paradox''
|Kiel
|
|-
|''A Wrinkle in Time''
|The It
|Cameo
|-
|''Gringo''
|Harold Soyinka
|
|-
|2019
|''Don't Let Go''
|Detective Jack Radcliff
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Come Away''
|Jack Littleton
|
|-
|''5150''
|Executive Producer
|
|-
|''The Water Man''
|Amos Boone
|Directorial debut
|-
|''The Midnight Sky''
|Commander Tom Adewole
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Chaos Walking''
|Aaron
|
|-
|''Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway''
|Nigel Basil-Jones
|
|-
|TBA
|''Solitary''
|Chris Newborn
|Post-production
|-
|TBA
|''See How They Run''
|Mervyn Cocker-Norris
|Post-production
|-
|}

=== Wasannin Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Talabijin
! Shekara
! Take
! Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1998
| ''Maisie Raine''
| Sonny McDonald
| Episode: &quot;Abincin Soyayya&quot;
|-
| ''Yan'uwa maza da mata''
| Lester Peters
|
|-
| 2002-2004
| ''Spooks''
| Danny Hunter
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya''
| Patrick
| 2 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| ''Harba Manzo''
| Joseph Pascal
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''Abubuwan Sirrin Gil Mayo''
| Eddie Barton, &quot;Sexy&quot; MP
| Episode: &quot;Fitowa #1.8&quot;
|-
| 2007
| ''Kwanaki biyar''
| Matt Wellings
| 4 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2008
| ''Raisin a cikin Rana''
| Joseph Asagai
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''The Soyayya''
| Yusufu na Arimathea
| Miniseries TV (kashi 1)
|-
| ''Hukumar Binciken Mata Na 1''
| Kremlin Busang
| Kashi: &quot;Hukumar Ganowar Mata ta 1&quot;
|-
| 2009
| ''Small Island''
| Gilbert
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2010
| ''Jini da Mai''
| Keme Tobodo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2011
| ''Matar Kyau''
| Alkali Edward Weldon
| Episode: &quot;Kotu Biyu&quot;
|-
| 2010-2011
| ''Glenn Martin, DDS''
| Malami / Clarence (murya)
| 2 sassa
|-
| 2013
| ''Mai rikitarwa''
| Edward Ekubo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2014-2018
| ''Star Wars Rebels''
| Alexsandr Kallus (murya)
| Fitowa 28  
|-
| 2014
| ''Robot Chicken''
| Gandalf / Ron Alston (murya)
| Episode: &quot;Matattu Lobster Tafiya&quot;
|-
| 2017
| ''The Lion Guard: Tashin Tabo''
| Tabo (murya)
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2017-2019
| ''Mai Gadin Zaki''
| Tabo (murya)
| sassa 17
|-
| 2018
| ''Nunin Joel McHale tare da Joel McHale''
| Kansa
| Episode: &quot;Pizza Ghost&quot;
|-
| 2018-2019
| ''Les Misérables''
| Javert
| 6 episode
|-
| 2020
| ''Fim ɗin Gida: Amaryar Gimbiya'' 
| Humperdinck
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Yarinyar Kafin''
| Edward
| Babban rawa
|-
| TBA
| ''Wool''
| Holston
| Babban rawa
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* Black British elite
* 


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|654648}}
* David Oyelowo at the TCM Movie Database
* David Oyelowo at AllMovie
*  
*  
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for David Oyelowo|list={{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series}}
{{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor}}
{{Ian Charleson Award}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film}}}}{{Authority control}}

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Jarumin fim bakake na Burtaniya]]
[[Category:Jaruman fim maza yarbawa]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1976]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo''' OBE ( /oʊ j ɛ l oʊ w oʊ / oh-YEL -oh-Woh . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/david-oyelowo-finally-reveals-how-you-pronounce-his-name-10013505.html &quot;David Oyelowo finally reveals how you pronounce his name&quot;] by Daisy Watt, ''[[The Independent]]'', 30 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1976  ), ya kuma kasance ɗan wasan Birtaniya da Amurka kuma furodusa wanda ya ke da shedan zama dan kasa guda biyu a Birtaniya da kuma Amirka dan kasa.   Abubuwan yabo nasa sun haɗa da samun lambar yabo ta Zaɓaɓɓun Masu sukar, Kyautar Kyautar Guild Actors Allon, da kuma nadin na biyu na lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da koma samun lambar yabo ta Emmy guda biyu . A cikin shekara ta( 2016), an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo.
[[File:David Oyelowo February 2015.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo ya yi fice a shirin da ya fito a matsayin [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa ''Selma'' a (2014) da Peter Snowdin a cikin fim din HBO Nightingale (2014), dukansu sun ba shi babban yabo. Ya kuma sami yabo ga matsayinsa na Louis Gaines a cikin ''The Butler'' (2013), Seretse Khama a ''Burtaniya'' a (2016) da Robert Katende a cikin ''Sarauniyar Katwe'' (2016). Ya kuma taka rawar tallafi a cikin fina-finan ''Rise of the Planet of the birai'' (2011), The Help (2011), ''Lincoln'' (2012), ''Red Tails'' (2012), da ''Jack Reacher'' (2012).

A talabijin, Oyelowo ya fito ne a matsayin jami'in MI5 Danny Hunter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' a (2002 – 2004) da Javert a cikin miniseries na BBC ''Les Misérables'' (2018). Ya kuma ba da muryar ga Agent Alexsandr Kallus a cikin jerin Lucasfilm Animation ''Star Wars Rebels'' (2014 – 2018).

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Oyelowo a Oxford, Oxfordshire, Ingila,  ga iyayen 'yan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/david-oyelowo-and-daniel-craig-face-off-in-othello &quot;David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig Face Off in ''Othello''] by Michael Schulman, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 28 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa dan [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo ne]], a yammacin Najeriya, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]], a Kudancin Najeriya.  An rene shi a matsayin Baftisma. &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Ya girma a garin Tooting Bec, Kudancin London, har sai da ya kai shekaru shida, lokacin da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]],  Nigeria, inda mahaifinsa Stephen &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; yi aiki da kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa kuma mahaifiyarsa na kamfanin jirgin kasa. David ya halarci makarantar kwana na &lt;nowiki&gt;''style style''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai suna Lagos State Model College, Meiran &quot;lokacin da suke girma a Lagos, Nigeria &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Sun dawo Landan lokacin da Oyelowo na da shekaru sha hudu,  zauna a Islington . &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo 3rd Annual ICON MANN POWER 50 event - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Yayin da yake cikin karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin City da Islington, malaminsa ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Oyelowo ya yi rajista na tsawon shekara guda a cikin kwas na gidauniyar mai aiki, a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Waƙoƙi ta London (LAMDA). Ya kammala horonsa na shekaru uku a 1998.  Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da National Youth Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Both #NYTalumni !|date=2015-05-27|access-date=2015-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Mumbari ===
Ya fara aikinsa na mataki a cikin shekarun 1999 lokacin da aka ba shi kakar wasa tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare yana taka rawa a cikin ''Volpone na'' Ben Jonson, a matsayin taken taken a ''Oroonoko'' (wanda kuma ya yi a cikin daidaitawar rediyon BBC) da Shakespeare's ''Antony da Cleopatra'' ( 1999) tare da Guy Henry, Frances de la Tour da Alan Bates . Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa na gaba a matsayin Sarki Henry VI  a cikin 2001 na Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare na Shakespeare's trilogy na wasan kwaikwayo game da sarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kakarsa ''Wannan Ingila: Tarihi'' . A wani babban abin tarihi na wasan kwaikwayo na makafi mai launi, Oyelowo shi ne ɗan wasa bakar fata na farko da ya fara taka wa sarkin Ingila wasa a wani babban shiri na Shakespeare, kuma duk da cewa an fara sukar wannan zaɓen da wasu kafafen yada labarai suka yi, amma wasan Oyelowo ya samu yabo sosai kuma daga baya ya yi nasara. lambar yabo ta 2001 Ian Charleson don mafi kyawun aikin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi a ƙasa da 30 a cikin wasan gargajiya.
[[File:David &amp; Jessica Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana a cikin shirin ''Prometheus Bound'', wanda aka sake farfado da shi a cikin birnin New York a cikin 2007. A cikin 2006, ya fara halarta a karon farko a kan samar da ''The White Iblis'', wanda Inservice ya samar, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo a Brighton wanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Brighton Priyanga Burford, Israel Aduramo, Penelope Cobbuld, da matarsa, Jessica.  Ya taka rawar gani a ''Othello'' a shekara ta 2016 a New York Theatre Workshop tare da Daniel Craig a matsayin Iago, wanda Sam Gold ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/theater/david-oyelowo-othello-new-york-theater-workshop.html &quot;For David Oyelowo, the Time Has Come to Play Othello&quot;] by Alexis Soloski, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talabijin ===
Oyelowo sananne ne a shirin da ya fito na MI5 Danny Hunter akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (wanda aka sani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] kamar ''MI-5'' ) daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ''Gobe La Scala'' (2002), ''Maisie Raine'' (1998) da ''Brothers and Sisters'' (1998). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen lokacinsa akan ''Spooks'' Oyelowo shima ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan Kirsimeti guda biyu na ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya By'' (2005). A cikin 2006, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na ''Born Equal'' tare da Nikki Amuka-Bird a matsayin ma'auratan da ke tserewa zalunci a [[Najeriya]] - su ma sun fito a cikin ''Shoot the Messenger'' (2006), da kuma a ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'' (2008). miji da mata. Sauran cameos sun haɗa da ''Mayo'' (wanda aka yi tauraro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2006) da fim ɗin talabijin ''Sweet Nothing in My Ear'' (2008, a matsayin [[Lauya|lauyan tsaro]] Leonard Grisham), yayin da ya buga maimaitawa ko manyan haruffa akan ''Kwanaki biyar'' (2007) da ''The Passion.'' (2008, a matsayin Yusufu na Arimathea ).

A cikin Disamba a shekarar 2009, ya taka rawar jagoranci Gilbert a cikin karbuwar TV ta BBC na littafin Andrea Levy ''Small Island''.  A cikin Maris 2010, ya taka rawar Keme Tobodo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC na ''jini da mai'' .  Jarumin ya fito a tauraro a cikin fim din HBO na ''asali Nightingale'' (2014). Kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ViacomCBS. 

=== Ayyukan murya ===
Ya bayyana a matsayin Olaudah Equiano a cikin shirin ''Grace Unshackled - Labarin Olaudah Equiano'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya dace da tarihin tarihin Equiano, ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' . An fara watsa wannan shiri a BBC 7 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2007, tare da matarsa Jessica Oyelowo a matsayin Mrs. Equiano.

A cikin shekarar 2007, Oyelowo ya kasance mai karanta ''littadin The Mission Song'' na John le Carré . ''Mujallar AudioFile'' ta bayyana cewa: “Ku yi tunanin David Oyelowo a matsayin mawaƙi ɗaya wanda ke buga dukkan kayan kida a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake gudanarwa a cikin wannan hurarrun wasan kwaikwayo na littafin nan mai tuhuma na John le Carré. . . . Shin da gaske ne mutum ɗaya ne kawai a cikin rumfar rikodi na mai ba da labari? Wannan aikin virtuoso yana sa hakan ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.&quot;  A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi shi don nuna James Bond a cikin sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na ''Trigger Mortis'', wanda Anthony Horowitz ya rubuta . 
[[File:Jessica Oyelowo , LeRoy Mobley and David Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
{{As of|2014}}, he provides the voice of Imperial Security Bureau agent [[Jerin haruffan Star Wars Rebels|Alexsandr Kallus]] a jerin shirye-shiryen zane na ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]''. {{As of|2017}}, Oyelowo voices the spirit of [[Tabo (The Lion King)|Scar]], the main antagonist in season 2 of ''[[Mai Gadin Zaki|The Lion Guard]]''. Oyelowo voiced the Tiger in a television adaptation of ''[[Damisar Da Tazo Shayi|The Tiger Who Came to Tea]]'' which aired on [[Channel 4]] for Christmas 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/5435/the_tiger_who_came_to_tea_cast/ “Comedy actors to voice The Tiger Who Came To Tea”]. Comedy.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
A cikin shekarar 2012, Oyelowo ya bayyana a ''[[Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)|Middle of Nowhere]]''. Marubuci-darektan Ava DuVernay ya kasance mai sha'awar aikinsa kuma ya yi tunanin tambayarsa ya ɗauki aikin, amma kafin ta iya, Oyelowo ya karɓi rubutun kwatsam daga wani abokin abokinsa DuVernay wanda ya kasance yana zaune kusa da shi akan gidan yanar gizon. jirgin sama kuma yana tunanin saka hannun jari a cikin aikin.  An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2012 zuwa raves mai mahimmanci. A wannan shekarar Oyelowo ya fito a cikin Lee Daniels ' ''The Paperboy'', wanda ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2012 .  Oyelowo ya sake haduwa da Daniels a shekara mai zuwa a cikin ''The Butler'' . 

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Oyelowo ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, Yoruba Saxon Productions wanda ya hada fina-finai da suka hada da, ''Nightingale'', ''Captive'', ''Five Nights a Maine'', kuma mafi kwanan nan, ''Ƙasar Ingila'' . 

Ya sake yin aiki tare da DuVernay don ''Selma'' (2014), yana wasa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] Fim ɗin, dangane da 1965 Selma zuwa Montgomery yancin jefa ƙuri'a, Lee Daniels an saita shi da farko, amma aikin ya ragu. by Daniels don haka ya iya mayar da hankali kan ''The Butler''.

Ana shirin fito dashi matsayin tauraro tare da Lupita Nyong'o a cikin wani sabon fim ɗin da aka samar daga littafin [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie novel]] ''Americanah'' . Labarin ya biyo bayan wasu matasa ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan Najeriya biyu da suka fuskanci gwagwarmayar rayuwa yayin da dangantakarsu ta dore.

A cikin Satan Fabrairu a shekarar 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Oyelowo ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Peter Rabbit'' tare da James Corden, Rose Byrne da Domhnall Gleeson suna mai da matsayinsu a matsayin taken taken, Bea da kuma Thomas McGregor don abin da ya biyo baya saboda fitowa a cikin Maris 2021.  

A cikin shekarar 2020, Oyelowo ya yi tauraro tare da George Clooney a cikin fim ɗin Netflix ''The Midnight Sky'' .  Kwanan nan, kamfaninsa na Saxon na Yarbawa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kallon farko tare da Disney.  Fim na farko da zai fito daga yarjejeniyar zai kasance ''Komawar Rocketeer'', Disney + - na musamman na fim din 1991 ''The Rocketeer'', wanda Oyelowo zai samar tare da matarsa, Jessica, da Brigham Taylor.  Ana kuma tunanin Oyelowo zai taka rawa a cikin fim din, wanda zai ta'allaka ne akan &quot;wani mai ritaya Tuskegee Airman wanda ya dauki rigar Rocketeer&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheReturnOfTheRocketeer&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Domin hotonsa na Martin Luther King Jr. a ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya sami lambar yabo ta [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]]. . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award na farko don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Hotunan Motsi – Wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo don Kyautar Fim ɗin Zaɓuɓɓuka don Mafi kyawun Actor . 

Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, don wasan kwaikwayonsa a ''Nightingale'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie / Miniseries kuma an zabe shi a matsayin Firayim Minista Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jagoran Jagora a cikin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa ko Fim, Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Kyauta. Mai wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin, Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim ɗin Talabijan, Mini-Series ko Na Musamman na Musamman da Kyautar Tauraron Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin .

An nada Oyelowo Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2016 don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=61450|supp=y|page=N14|date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jessica Oyelowo,  tare da 'ya'ya hudu. Suna zaune a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . 

[[Kirista]] mai kishin addini,  Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani Allah ya kira shi ya buga Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. A yayin da yake yin tsokaci a kan hotonsa na Sarki a cikin fim din ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa, “A koyaushe na san cewa idan na yi wasa da Dr. King, sai da Allah ya shige min gaba saboda idan ka ga Dr. King yana ba da wadancan. jawabai, ka ga yana motsi a baiwarsa”. 

ɗan ƙasa biyu, Oyelowo da matarsa sun zama ƴan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2016.   Da yake yin haka ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi wani fim mai suna ''Selma'' ... kuma fim din ya shafi ‘yancin kada kuri’a kuma na zauna a nan kusan shekaru 10 yanzu kuma ina yawo ina yin fim game da ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuma gaya wa mutane su yi zabe. zabe, kuma ba za ka iya zabe da kanka ba kadan munafunci ne. Na yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da zan yi shi kuma ba lokaci mafi kyau fiye da yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oregonlive&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo Photo Taken By Tyler Boye.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo [[Oba|omoba]] (yarima ) ne na masarautar [[Awe (Nijeriya)|Awe, Nigeria]], wani yanki na tsarin mulkin dattawa a [[Masarautar Najeriya|Najeriya]]. Ya yi sharhi, &quot;yana da amfani don samun kwanan wata amma mai yiwuwa ba wani yawa ba&quot;. 

== Fina-finai ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Film
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|2001
|''Dog Eat Dog''
|CJ
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''A Sound of Thunder''
|Payne
|
|-
|''The Best Man''
|Graham
|
|-
|''Derailed''
|Patrol Officer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''As You Like It''
|Orlando De Boys
|
|-
|''The Last King of Scotland''
|Dr. Junju
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Who Do You Love?''
|Muddy Waters
|
|-
|''A Raisin in the Sun''
|Joseph Asagai
|
|-
|2009
|''Rage''
|Homer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Rise of the Planet of the Apes''
|Steven Jacobs
|
|-
|''The Help''
|Preacher Green
|
|-
|''96 Minutes''
|Duane
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|''Red Tails''
|1st Lt. Joe “Lightning” Little
|
|-
|''The Paperboy''
|Yardley Acheman
|
|-
|''Middle of Nowhere''
|Brian
|Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
|-
|''Lincoln''
|Ira Clark
|
|-
|''Jack Reacher''
|Emerson
|
|-
|2013
|''The Butler''
|Louis Gaines
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|''Nightingale''
|Peter Snowden
|Critics’ Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Black Reel Awards for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series, or Dramatic Special &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
|-
|''Interstellar''
|School Principal
|
|-
|''Default''
|Atlas
|
|-
|''Selma''
|[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
|Black Reel Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kermode Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Village Voice Film Poll Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
|-
|''A Most Violent Year''
|Lawrence
|Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Captive''
|Brian Nichols
|
|-
|''Five Nights in Maine''
|Sherwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;swide.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Nina''
|Clifton Henderson
|
|-
|''Queen of Katwe''
|Robert Katende
|Nominated—Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor
|-
|''A United Kingdom''
|Seretse Khama
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Cloverfield Paradox''
|Kiel
|
|-
|''A Wrinkle in Time''
|The It
|Cameo
|-
|''Gringo''
|Harold Soyinka
|
|-
|2019
|''Don't Let Go''
|Detective Jack Radcliff
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Come Away''
|Jack Littleton
|
|-
|''5150''
|Executive Producer
|
|-
|''The Water Man''
|Amos Boone
|Directorial debut
|-
|''The Midnight Sky''
|Commander Tom Adewole
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Chaos Walking''
|Aaron
|
|-
|''Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway''
|Nigel Basil-Jones
|
|-
|TBA
|''Solitary''
|Chris Newborn
|Post-production
|-
|TBA
|''See How They Run''
|Mervyn Cocker-Norris
|Post-production
|-
|}

=== Wasannin Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Talabijin
! Shekara
! Take
! Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1998
| ''Maisie Raine''
| Sonny McDonald
| Episode: &quot;Abincin Soyayya&quot;
|-
| ''Yan'uwa maza da mata''
| Lester Peters
|
|-
| 2002-2004
| ''Spooks''
| Danny Hunter
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya''
| Patrick
| 2 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| ''Harba Manzo''
| Joseph Pascal
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''Abubuwan Sirrin Gil Mayo''
| Eddie Barton, &quot;Sexy&quot; MP
| Episode: &quot;Fitowa #1.8&quot;
|-
| 2007
| ''Kwanaki biyar''
| Matt Wellings
| 4 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2008
| ''Raisin a cikin Rana''
| Joseph Asagai
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''The Soyayya''
| Yusufu na Arimathea
| Miniseries TV (kashi 1)
|-
| ''Hukumar Binciken Mata Na 1''
| Kremlin Busang
| Kashi: &quot;Hukumar Ganowar Mata ta 1&quot;
|-
| 2009
| ''Small Island''
| Gilbert
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2010
| ''Jini da Mai''
| Keme Tobodo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2011
| ''Matar Kyau''
| Alkali Edward Weldon
| Episode: &quot;Kotu Biyu&quot;
|-
| 2010-2011
| ''Glenn Martin, DDS''
| Malami / Clarence (murya)
| 2 sassa
|-
| 2013
| ''Mai rikitarwa''
| Edward Ekubo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2014-2018
| ''Star Wars Rebels''
| Alexsandr Kallus (murya)
| Fitowa 28  
|-
| 2014
| ''Robot Chicken''
| Gandalf / Ron Alston (murya)
| Episode: &quot;Matattu Lobster Tafiya&quot;
|-
| 2017
| ''The Lion Guard: Tashin Tabo''
| Tabo (murya)
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2017-2019
| ''Mai Gadin Zaki''
| Tabo (murya)
| sassa 17
|-
| 2018
| ''Nunin Joel McHale tare da Joel McHale''
| Kansa
| Episode: &quot;Pizza Ghost&quot;
|-
| 2018-2019
| ''Les Misérables''
| Javert
| 6 episode
|-
| 2020
| ''Fim ɗin Gida: Amaryar Gimbiya'' 
| Humperdinck
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Yarinyar Kafin''
| Edward
| Babban rawa
|-
| TBA
| ''Wool''
| Holston
| Babban rawa
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* Black British elite
* 


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|654648}}
* David Oyelowo at the TCM Movie Database
* David Oyelowo at AllMovie
*  
*  
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for David Oyelowo|list={{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series}}
{{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor}}
{{Ian Charleson Award}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film}}}}{{Authority control}}

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Jarumin fim bakake na Burtaniya]]
[[Category:Jaruman fim maza yarbawa]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1976]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <id>971249</id>
      <parentid>971244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:33:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>971249</origin>
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo''' OBE ( /oʊ j ɛ l oʊ w oʊ / oh-YEL -oh-Woh . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/david-oyelowo-finally-reveals-how-you-pronounce-his-name-10013505.html &quot;David Oyelowo finally reveals how you pronounce his name&quot;] by Daisy Watt, ''[[The Independent]]'', 30 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt; an haifeshi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1976  ), ya kuma kasance ɗan wasan Birtaniya da Amurka kuma furodusa wanda ya ke da shedan zama dan kasa guda biyu a Birtaniya da kuma Amirka dan kasa.   Abubuwan yabo nasa sun haɗa da samun lambar yabo ta Zaɓaɓɓun Masu sukar, Kyautar Kyautar Guild Actors Allon, da kuma nadin na biyu na lambar yabo ta Golden Globe da koma samun lambar yabo ta Emmy guda biyu . A cikin shekara ta( 2016), an nada shi Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) don ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo.
[[File:David Oyelowo February 2015.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo ya yi fice a shirin da ya fito a matsayin [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa ''Selma'' a (2014) da Peter Snowdin a cikin fim din HBO Nightingale (2014), dukansu sun ba shi babban yabo. Ya kuma sami yabo ga matsayinsa na Louis Gaines a cikin ''The Butler'' (2013), Seretse Khama a ''Burtaniya'' a (2016) da Robert Katende a cikin ''Sarauniyar Katwe'' (2016). Ya kuma taka rawar tallafi a cikin fina-finan ''Rise of the Planet of the birai'' (2011), The Help (2011), ''Lincoln'' (2012), ''Red Tails'' (2012), da ''Jack Reacher'' (2012).

A talabijin, Oyelowo ya fito ne a matsayin jami'in MI5 Danny Hunter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' a (2002 – 2004) da Javert a cikin miniseries na BBC ''Les Misérables'' (2018). Ya kuma ba da muryar ga Agent Alexsandr Kallus a cikin jerin Lucasfilm Animation ''Star Wars Rebels'' (2014 – 2018).

== Kuruciya ==
An haifi Oyelowo a Oxford, Oxfordshire, Ingila,  ga iyayen 'yan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/28/david-oyelowo-and-daniel-craig-face-off-in-othello &quot;David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig Face Off in ''Othello''] by Michael Schulman, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 28 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa dan [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo ne]], a yammacin Najeriya, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]], a Kudancin Najeriya.  An rene shi a matsayin Baftisma. &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Ya girma a garin Tooting Bec, Kudancin London, har sai da ya kai shekaru shida, lokacin da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]],  Nigeria, inda mahaifinsa Stephen &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; yi aiki da kamfanin jirgin sama na kasa kuma mahaifiyarsa na kamfanin jirgin kasa. David ya halarci makarantar kwana na &lt;nowiki&gt;''style style''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mai suna Lagos State Model College, Meiran &quot;lokacin da suke girma a Lagos, Nigeria &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt; Sun dawo Landan lokacin da Oyelowo na da shekaru sha hudu,  zauna a Islington . &lt;ref name=&quot;ind1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo 3rd Annual ICON MANN POWER 50 event - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Yayin da yake cikin karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin City da Islington, malaminsa ya ba da shawarar cewa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Oyelowo ya yi rajista na tsawon shekara guda a cikin kwas na gidauniyar mai aiki, a Kwalejin Kiɗa da Waƙoƙi ta London (LAMDA). Ya kammala horonsa na shekaru uku a 1998.  Ya kuma shafe lokaci tare da National Youth Theatre. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|title=Both #NYTalumni !|date=2015-05-27|access-date=2015-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Mumbari ===
Ya fara aikinsa na mataki a cikin shekarun 1999 lokacin da aka ba shi kakar wasa tare da Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare yana taka rawa a cikin ''Volpone na'' Ben Jonson, a matsayin taken taken a ''Oroonoko'' (wanda kuma ya yi a cikin daidaitawar rediyon BBC) da Shakespeare's ''Antony da Cleopatra'' ( 1999) tare da Guy Henry, Frances de la Tour da Alan Bates . Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa na gaba a matsayin Sarki Henry VI  a cikin 2001 na Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare na Shakespeare's trilogy na wasan kwaikwayo game da sarki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kakarsa ''Wannan Ingila: Tarihi'' . A wani babban abin tarihi na wasan kwaikwayo na makafi mai launi, Oyelowo shi ne ɗan wasa bakar fata na farko da ya fara taka wa sarkin Ingila wasa a wani babban shiri na Shakespeare, kuma duk da cewa an fara sukar wannan zaɓen da wasu kafafen yada labarai suka yi, amma wasan Oyelowo ya samu yabo sosai kuma daga baya ya yi nasara. lambar yabo ta 2001 Ian Charleson don mafi kyawun aikin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi a ƙasa da 30 a cikin wasan gargajiya.
[[File:David &amp; Jessica Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
A cikin shekara ta 2005, ya bayyana a cikin shirin ''Prometheus Bound'', wanda aka sake farfado da shi a cikin birnin New York a cikin 2007. A cikin 2006, ya fara halarta a karon farko a kan samar da ''The White Iblis'', wanda Inservice ya samar, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo a Brighton wanda ke aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Brighton Priyanga Burford, Israel Aduramo, Penelope Cobbuld, da matarsa, Jessica.  Ya taka rawar gani a ''Othello'' a shekara ta 2016 a New York Theatre Workshop tare da Daniel Craig a matsayin Iago, wanda Sam Gold ya jagoranta. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/theater/david-oyelowo-othello-new-york-theater-workshop.html &quot;For David Oyelowo, the Time Has Come to Play Othello&quot;] by Alexis Soloski, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Talabijin ===
Oyelowo sananne ne a shirin da ya fito na MI5 Danny Hunter akan jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya ''Spooks'' (wanda aka sani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] kamar ''MI-5'' ) daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Ya riga ya bayyana a cikin ''Gobe La Scala'' (2002), ''Maisie Raine'' (1998) da ''Brothers and Sisters'' (1998). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen lokacinsa akan ''Spooks'' Oyelowo shima ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan Kirsimeti guda biyu na ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya By'' (2005). A cikin 2006, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin na ''Born Equal'' tare da Nikki Amuka-Bird a matsayin ma'auratan da ke tserewa zalunci a [[Najeriya]] - su ma sun fito a cikin ''Shoot the Messenger'' (2006), da kuma a ''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'' (2008). miji da mata. Sauran cameos sun haɗa da ''Mayo'' (wanda aka yi tauraro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2006) da fim ɗin talabijin ''Sweet Nothing in My Ear'' (2008, a matsayin [[Lauya|lauyan tsaro]] Leonard Grisham), yayin da ya buga maimaitawa ko manyan haruffa akan ''Kwanaki biyar'' (2007) da ''The Passion.'' (2008, a matsayin Yusufu na Arimathea ).

A cikin Disamba a shekarar 2009, ya taka rawar jagoranci Gilbert a cikin karbuwar TV ta BBC na littafin Andrea Levy ''Small Island''.  A cikin Maris 2010, ya taka rawar Keme Tobodo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC na ''jini da mai'' .  Jarumin ya fito a tauraro a cikin fim din HBO na ''asali Nightingale'' (2014). Kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da ViacomCBS. 

=== Ayyukan murya ===
Ya bayyana a matsayin Olaudah Equiano a cikin shirin ''Grace Unshackled - Labarin Olaudah Equiano'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya dace da tarihin tarihin Equiano, ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' . An fara watsa wannan shiri a BBC 7 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2007, tare da matarsa Jessica Oyelowo a matsayin Mrs. Equiano.

A cikin shekarar 2007, Oyelowo ya kasance mai karanta ''littadin The Mission Song'' na John le Carré . ''Mujallar AudioFile'' ta bayyana cewa: “Ku yi tunanin David Oyelowo a matsayin mawaƙi ɗaya wanda ke buga dukkan kayan kida a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shine ainihin abin da yake gudanarwa a cikin wannan hurarrun wasan kwaikwayo na littafin nan mai tuhuma na John le Carré. . . . Shin da gaske ne mutum ɗaya ne kawai a cikin rumfar rikodi na mai ba da labari? Wannan aikin virtuoso yana sa hakan ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.&quot;  A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zaɓi shi don nuna James Bond a cikin sigar littafin mai jiwuwa na ''Trigger Mortis'', wanda Anthony Horowitz ya rubuta . 
[[File:Jessica Oyelowo , LeRoy Mobley and David Oyelowo.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
{{As of|2014}}, he provides the voice of Imperial Security Bureau agent [[Jerin haruffan Star Wars Rebels|Alexsandr Kallus]] a jerin shirye-shiryen zane na ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]''. {{As of|2017}}, Oyelowo voices the spirit of [[Tabo (The Lion King)|Scar]], the main antagonist in season 2 of ''[[Mai Gadin Zaki|The Lion Guard]]''. Oyelowo voiced the Tiger in a television adaptation of ''[[Damisar Da Tazo Shayi|The Tiger Who Came to Tea]]'' which aired on [[Channel 4]] for Christmas 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/5435/the_tiger_who_came_to_tea_cast/ “Comedy actors to voice The Tiger Who Came To Tea”]. Comedy.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fim ===
A cikin shekarar 2012, Oyelowo ya bayyana a ''[[Middle of Nowhere (2012 film)|Middle of Nowhere]]''. Marubuci-darektan Ava DuVernay ya kasance mai sha'awar aikinsa kuma ya yi tunanin tambayarsa ya ɗauki aikin, amma kafin ta iya, Oyelowo ya karɓi rubutun kwatsam daga wani abokin abokinsa DuVernay wanda ya kasance yana zaune kusa da shi akan gidan yanar gizon. jirgin sama kuma yana tunanin saka hannun jari a cikin aikin.  An fara fim ɗin a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2012 zuwa raves mai mahimmanci. A wannan shekarar Oyelowo ya fito a cikin Lee Daniels ' ''The Paperboy'', wanda ya fafata a gasar Palme d'Or a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2012 .  Oyelowo ya sake haduwa da Daniels a shekara mai zuwa a cikin ''The Butler'' . 

A cikin shekara ta 2014, Oyelowo ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa, Yoruba Saxon Productions wanda ya hada fina-finai da suka hada da, ''Nightingale'', ''Captive'', ''Five Nights a Maine'', kuma mafi kwanan nan, ''Ƙasar Ingila'' . 

Ya sake yin aiki tare da DuVernay don ''Selma'' (2014), yana wasa mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] Fim ɗin, dangane da 1965 Selma zuwa Montgomery yancin jefa ƙuri'a, Lee Daniels an saita shi da farko, amma aikin ya ragu. by Daniels don haka ya iya mayar da hankali kan ''The Butler''.

Ana shirin fito dashi matsayin tauraro tare da Lupita Nyong'o a cikin wani sabon fim ɗin da aka samar daga littafin [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie novel]] ''Americanah'' . Labarin ya biyo bayan wasu matasa ‘yan ci-rani ‘yan Najeriya biyu da suka fuskanci gwagwarmayar rayuwa yayin da dangantakarsu ta dore.

A cikin Satan Fabrairu a shekarar 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Oyelowo ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Peter Rabbit'' tare da James Corden, Rose Byrne da Domhnall Gleeson suna mai da matsayinsu a matsayin taken taken, Bea da kuma Thomas McGregor don abin da ya biyo baya saboda fitowa a cikin Maris 2021.  

A cikin shekarar 2020, Oyelowo ya yi tauraro tare da George Clooney a cikin fim ɗin Netflix ''The Midnight Sky'' .  Kwanan nan, kamfaninsa na Saxon na Yarbawa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kallon farko tare da Disney.  Fim na farko da zai fito daga yarjejeniyar zai kasance ''Komawar Rocketeer'', Disney + - na musamman na fim din 1991 ''The Rocketeer'', wanda Oyelowo zai samar tare da matarsa, Jessica, da Brigham Taylor.  Ana kuma tunanin Oyelowo zai taka rawa a cikin fim din, wanda zai ta'allaka ne akan &quot;wani mai ritaya Tuskegee Airman wanda ya dauki rigar Rocketeer&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheReturnOfTheRocketeer&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Domin hotonsa na Martin Luther King Jr. a ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya sami lambar yabo ta [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture]]. . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award na farko don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Hotunan Motsi – Wasan kwaikwayo, yayin da kuma ya karɓi lambar yabo don Kyautar Fim ɗin Zaɓuɓɓuka don Mafi kyawun Actor . 

Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 2014, don wasan kwaikwayonsa a ''Nightingale'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie / Miniseries kuma an zabe shi ne a matsayin Firayim Minista Emmy Award don Fitaccen Jagoran Jagora a cikin Ƙirar Ƙarfafawa ko Fim, Kyautar Golden Globe don Mafi kyawun Kyauta. Mai wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin, Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fim ɗin Talabijan, Mini-Series ko Na Musamman na Musamman da Kyautar Tauraron Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo - Miniseries ko Fim ɗin Talabijin .

An nada Oyelowo a matsayin Jami'in Order of the British Empire (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2016 don ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=61450|supp=y|page=N14|date=30 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jessica Oyelowo,  tare da 'ya'ya hudu. Suna zaune a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . 

[[Kirista]] mai kishin addini,  Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa ya yi imani Allah ya kira shi ya buga Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. A yayin da yake yin tsokaci a kan hotonsa na Sarki a cikin fim din ''Selma'', Oyelowo ya bayyana cewa, “A koyaushe na san cewa idan na yi wasa da Dr. King, sai da Allah ya shige min gaba saboda idan ka ga Dr. King yana ba da wadancan. jawabai, ka ga yana motsi a baiwarsa”. 

ɗan ƙasa biyu, Oyelowo da matarsa sun zama ƴan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli a cikin shekarar 2016. Da yake yin haka ya bayyana cewa, “Na yi wani fim mai suna ''Selma'' ... kuma fim din ya shafi ‘yancin kada kuri’a kuma na zauna a nan kusan shekaru 10 yanzu kuma ina yawo ina yin fim game da ‘yancin kada kuri’a da kuma gaya wa mutane su yi zabe. zabe, kuma ba za ka iya zabe da kanka ba kadan munafunci ne. Na yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da zan yi shi kuma ba lokaci mafi kyau fiye da yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oregonlive&quot; /&gt;
[[File:David Oyelowo Photo Taken By Tyler Boye.jpg|thumb|David Oyelowo]]
Oyelowo [[Oba|omoba]] (yarima ) ne na masarautar [[Awe (Nijeriya)|Awe, Nigeria]], wani yanki na tsarin mulkin dattawa a [[Masarautar Najeriya|Najeriya]]. Ya yi sharhi, &quot;yana da amfani don samun kwanan wata amma mai yiwuwa ba wani yawa ba&quot;. 

== Fina-finai ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Film
!Year
!Title
!Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Notes
|-
|2001
|''Dog Eat Dog''
|CJ
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''A Sound of Thunder''
|Payne
|
|-
|''The Best Man''
|Graham
|
|-
|''Derailed''
|Patrol Officer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''As You Like It''
|Orlando De Boys
|
|-
|''The Last King of Scotland''
|Dr. Junju
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''Who Do You Love?''
|Muddy Waters
|
|-
|''A Raisin in the Sun''
|Joseph Asagai
|
|-
|2009
|''Rage''
|Homer
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011
|''Rise of the Planet of the Apes''
|Steven Jacobs
|
|-
|''The Help''
|Preacher Green
|
|-
|''96 Minutes''
|Duane
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2012
|''Red Tails''
|1st Lt. Joe “Lightning” Little
|
|-
|''The Paperboy''
|Yardley Acheman
|
|-
|''Middle of Nowhere''
|Brian
|Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
|-
|''Lincoln''
|Ira Clark
|
|-
|''Jack Reacher''
|Emerson
|
|-
|2013
|''The Butler''
|Louis Gaines
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2014
|''Nightingale''
|Peter Snowden
|Critics’ Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Black Reel Awards for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series, or Dramatic Special &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
|-
|''Interstellar''
|School Principal
|
|-
|''Default''
|Atlas
|
|-
|''Selma''
|[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
|Black Reel Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; African-American Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Kermode Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Critics’ Choice Movie Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Village Voice Film Poll Award for Best Actor &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Nominated – Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
|-
|''A Most Violent Year''
|Lawrence
|Nominated – Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|''Captive''
|Brian Nichols
|
|-
|''Five Nights in Maine''
|Sherwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;swide.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2016
|''Nina''
|Clifton Henderson
|
|-
|''Queen of Katwe''
|Robert Katende
|Nominated—Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Actor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nominated—NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor
|-
|''A United Kingdom''
|Seretse Khama
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Cloverfield Paradox''
|Kiel
|
|-
|''A Wrinkle in Time''
|The It
|Cameo
|-
|''Gringo''
|Harold Soyinka
|
|-
|2019
|''Don't Let Go''
|Detective Jack Radcliff
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2020
|''Come Away''
|Jack Littleton
|
|-
|''5150''
|Executive Producer
|
|-
|''The Water Man''
|Amos Boone
|Directorial debut
|-
|''The Midnight Sky''
|Commander Tom Adewole
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''Chaos Walking''
|Aaron
|
|-
|''Peter Rabbit 2: The Runaway''
|Nigel Basil-Jones
|
|-
|TBA
|''Solitary''
|Chris Newborn
|Post-production
|-
|TBA
|''See How They Run''
|Mervyn Cocker-Norris
|Post-production
|-
|}

=== Wasannin Talabijin ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Talabijin
! Shekara
! Take
! Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1998
| ''Maisie Raine''
| Sonny McDonald
| Episode: &quot;Abincin Soyayya&quot;
|-
| ''Yan'uwa maza da mata''
| Lester Peters
|
|-
| 2002-2004
| ''Spooks''
| Danny Hunter
|
|-
| 2005
| ''Kamar yadda Lokaci ke tafiya''
| Patrick
| 2 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006
| ''Harba Manzo''
| Joseph Pascal
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''Abubuwan Sirrin Gil Mayo''
| Eddie Barton, &quot;Sexy&quot; MP
| Episode: &quot;Fitowa #1.8&quot;
|-
| 2007
| ''Kwanaki biyar''
| Matt Wellings
| 4 sassa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2008
| ''Raisin a cikin Rana''
| Joseph Asagai
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| ''The Soyayya''
| Yusufu na Arimathea
| Miniseries TV (kashi 1)
|-
| ''Hukumar Binciken Mata Na 1''
| Kremlin Busang
| Kashi: &quot;Hukumar Ganowar Mata ta 1&quot;
|-
| 2009
| ''Small Island''
| Gilbert
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2010
| ''Jini da Mai''
| Keme Tobodo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2011
| ''Matar Kyau''
| Alkali Edward Weldon
| Episode: &quot;Kotu Biyu&quot;
|-
| 2010-2011
| ''Glenn Martin, DDS''
| Malami / Clarence (murya)
| 2 sassa
|-
| 2013
| ''Mai rikitarwa''
| Edward Ekubo
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2014-2018
| ''Star Wars Rebels''
| Alexsandr Kallus (murya)
| Fitowa 28  
|-
| 2014
| ''Robot Chicken''
| Gandalf / Ron Alston (murya)
| Episode: &quot;Matattu Lobster Tafiya&quot;
|-
| 2017
| ''The Lion Guard: Tashin Tabo''
| Tabo (murya)
| Fim ɗin TV
|-
| 2017-2019
| ''Mai Gadin Zaki''
| Tabo (murya)
| sassa 17
|-
| 2018
| ''Nunin Joel McHale tare da Joel McHale''
| Kansa
| Episode: &quot;Pizza Ghost&quot;
|-
| 2018-2019
| ''Les Misérables''
| Javert
| 6 episode
|-
| 2020
| ''Fim ɗin Gida: Amaryar Gimbiya'' 
| Humperdinck
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Yarinyar Kafin''
| Edward
| Babban rawa
|-
| TBA
| ''Wool''
| Holston
| Babban rawa
|}

== Duba kuma ==

* Black British elite
* 


== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|654648}}
* David Oyelowo at the TCM Movie Database
* David Oyelowo at AllMovie
*  
*  
{{Navboxes|title=Awards for David Oyelowo|list={{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Actor, TV Movie or Limited Series}}
{{Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor}}
{{Ian Charleson Award}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture}}
{{Satellite Award Best Actor Television Miniseries or Film}}}}{{Authority control}}

== Manazarta ==
[[Category:Jarumin fim bakake na Burtaniya]]
[[Category:Jaruman fim maza yarbawa]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1976]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ilimin yanayin muhalli</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>971205</origin>
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      <text bytes="9252" sha1="5xu97bi8ddhl1ptjnxl9lmfa6yc4iqs" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Cub_pen_zap_carb2.jpg  |thumb|Muhalli a Cuba]] 
[[File:Tenderness.JPG|thumb|Muhalli￼n jarumta.]]
[[File:Environmental Changes Associated with Rice Cultivation - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07148.JPG|thumb|Environmental Changes Associated with Rice Cultivation National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo]]
'''Ilimin Yanayin Muhalli,''' wani ƙaramin horo ne na [[ilimin ɗan adam]] wanda ke yin nazarin al'adun alaƙa tsakanin mutane da Kuma muhallin da suke ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;UC Davis Anthropology&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anthropology.ucdavis.edu/research/sociocultural-wing-research/environmental-anthropology|title=Environmental Anthropology — Anthropology|website=anthropology.ucdavis.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan yana da siffofi da yawa, ko dai yana nazarin yanayin farauta /tara mutane dubun dubatar shekaru da suka wuce, binciken archaeological na farkon masu noma da tasirinsu a kan sare bishiyoyi ko [[Gandun daji|zaizayar]] ƙasa, ko kuma yadda al'ummomin ɗan adam na zamani ke daidaitawa da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] da sauyin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;https://ha.cepf.net/grants/grantee-projects/enviro-wise-learning&lt;/ref&gt; sauran al'amuran muhalli na anthropogenic. Wannan ƙaramin fannin ilimin ɗan adam ya samo asali ne a cikin shekarata 1960s daga ilimin kimiyyar al'adu kamar yadda masana ilimin ɗan adam suka aro hanyoyi da kalmomi daga cigaba da haɓakawa a cikin ilimin halitta sannan aka yi amfani da su don fahimtar al'adun ɗan adam.&lt;ref&gt;https://ha.cepf.net/grants/grantee-projects/enviro-wise-learning&lt;/ref&gt;

Ilimin yanayin muhalli wani yanki ne mai girma na ilimin ɗan adam saboda ƙalubalen fahimta da magance ɗan adam ya haifar da matsalolin muhalli kamar [[Sauyin yanayi|sauyin yanayi,]] ɓarna nau'in, gurɓataccen filastik, kuma da lalata wuraren zama suna buƙatar fahimtar tsarin al'adu, siyasa, da tattalin arziƙi waɗanda suka haifar. wadannan matsalolin da dama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Discovery Anthropology&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.discoveranthropology.org.uk/about-anthropology/specialist-areas/ecological-environmental-anthropology.html|title=Ecological/ Environmental Anthropology|website=www.discoveranthropology.org.uk}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ci gaban tarihi ==
An ba da izinin kafa kashen ilimin halin ɗan adam ga Julian Steward, masanin ilimin al'adu wanda ya yi nazarin yadda Shosone na Babban Basin tsakanin [[Saliyo]] [[Nevada]] da Dutsen Rocky ya daidaita yanayin su.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Steward JH 1955&quot;&gt;Steward JH. 1955. Theory of Cultural Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙoƙarin da ya yi na ayyana al'adu ya dogara ne akan yanayin ƙasa, yanayi, da albarkatu da samun damarsu. &lt;ref&gt;Steward JH. 1938. The Great Basin Shoshonean Indians: An Example of A Family Level Of Sociocultural Integration. ''Environmental Anthropology: A Historical Read''. 168–180.
&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran mahimman masana ilimin al'adu na farko sune Roy Rappaport da Marvin Harris. &lt;ref&gt;Rappaport RA. 1967. [http://asc2.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/ritual-regulation-of-environmental-relations-among-a-new-guinea-people.pdf Ritual Regulation Of Environmental Relations Among A New Guinea People]. Ethnology. 6: 17–30.&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan su sun yi amfani da ka'idodin tsarin don bayyana yadda al'ummomi ke aiki don kiyaye homeostasis ta hanyar madaukai na amsawa. Sannan kuma Ayyukan Harris a Indiya, alal misali, yayi nazarin [[saniya]] mai tsarki a [[Indiya]] a matsayin daidaitawar muhalli saboda mahimmancinta ga samar da madara, taki don man fetur da taki, da kuma aikin noma.  Tun daga lokacin ake sukar waɗannan hanyoyin don ɗaukar yanayin al'ummomi a matsayin tsayayye da rashin bincika hanyoyin da al'adu ke canzawa da haɓaka kan lokaci. 

Wani muhimmin fanni da ya ba da gudunmawa wajen samar da ilimin halin ɗan adam shi ne kimiyyar al’ada da muhalli. Masana ilimin halittu kamar Harold Conklin, Darrell Posey, da Wade Davis sun kalli ilimin ilimin halittu na gargajiya don fahimtar yadda ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin duniya ke gudanar da yanayin yanayin da suke rayuwa a ciki.  Bincike a cikin ethnobotany ya kuma haifar da samar da sababbin magunguna bisa ga tsire-tsire da ake amfani da su a maganin gargajiya.

Ilimin [[kimiyyar siyasa]], hangen nesa na [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]] na tsaka-tsaki kan al'amuran [[muhalli]], sannan kuma yana da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ilimin ɗan adam na muhalli. Ilimin muhalli na siyasa ya binciko hanyoyin da hanyoyin kimiyya da gudanarwa ga muhalli sau da yawa kan iya rufe dangantakar da ba ta dace ba na iko, kuma musamman a cikin saitunan bayan mulkin mallaka. Misali, ana iya kallon fadada wuraren da aka ba da kariya a matsayin fadada ikon gwamnati zuwa yankunan karkara, maimakon kawai shirin kiyaye namun daji.

== Bincike na yanzu ==

=== Canjin yanayi ===
An sake samun sabon sha'awa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don sake nazarin dangantakar al'adu da muhalli a fadin duniya saboda barazanar da ke kunno kai na ci gaban kasa, asarar rayayyun halittu, da karancin ruwa, dukkansu, a bangare guda, saboda [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] . 

Yayin da bincike kan zamantakewar al'umma kan sauyin yanayi ke tasowa kuma yana cigaba, kuma akwai yunƙurin fahimtar al'ummomin duniya game da yanayin muhallinsu, da kuma wuraren da suke cikin tarihi.  Bayan haka, a cikin tarihi, yanayin yanayi na takamaiman wurare ya ba wa wasu ƙasashe damar bunƙasa, ko a cikin Crescent mai Haihuwa ko kuma a cikin [[Kogin Indus|kwarin Indus]] shekaru dubbai da suka wuce. &lt;ref name=&quot;SustainDev&quot; /&gt;

=== Bambance-bambancen al'adu ===
An sake mayar da hankali kan ilimin ɗan adam na muhalli akan bambancin al'adu da bambancin. Irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar bala'o'in muhalli ( ambaliyar ruwa, girgizar ƙasa, sanyi), ƙaura, farashi &amp; rabo mai fa'ida, lamba / ƙungiyoyi, ra'ayoyin waje (cinikin jari-hujja / bunƙasar jari-hujja),  tare da na ciki, dabaru masu zaman kansu da tasirin haɗin gwiwa a yanzu sun kasance. lura. Roy A. Rappaport da Hawkes, Hill, da O'Connell  na amfani da mafi kyawun ka'idar cin abinci ta Pyke  don aikin ƙarshen wasu misalan wannan sabon mayar da hankali ne.

Wannan hangen nesa ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na gabaɗaya kuma an soki su don rashin magance nau'ikan martanin da Kuma kwayoyin halitta zasu iya samu, kamar &quot;aminci, haɗin kai, abokantaka, da tsarki&quot; da yuwuwar &quot;ƙarfafa ko masu hanawa&quot; cikin alaƙa da ɗabi'a.  Rappaport, wanda sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin mai ragi a hanyoyin nazarin al'adunsa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Biersack A 1999&quot; /&gt; ya yarda, &quot;Ƙungiyar zamantakewa ba ta da kyau a koyaushe&quot; yana nuna wani aibi a cikin wannan hangen nesa, ɓarna abubuwan nazari da ƙayyadaddun sharuddan. &lt;ref name=&quot;Biersack A 1999&quot; /&gt;

== Jerin shirye-shiryen ilimi a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam ==

* '''Jami'ar Jihar Portland.''' [https://www.pdx.edu/anthropology/environmental-anthropology Digiri na biyu da Jagora a cikin Anthropology]
* '''Jami'ar Utrecht''' . [https://www.uu.nl/masters/en/cultural-anthropology-sustainable M.Sc. Al'adu Anthropology: Dan kasa Mai Dorewa]
* '''Jami'ar Stanford.''' [https://anthropology.stanford.edu/research-projects/environmental-anthropology Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Muhalli]
* '''Kwalejin Jami'ar London.''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20210926045652/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/taught-degrees/anthropology-environment-development-msc M.Sc. Ilimin Anthropology, Muhalli, da Ci gaba]
* '''Jami'ar California, Davis.''' [https://anthropology.ucdavis.edu/research/sociocultural-wing-research/environmental-anthropology Yankunan Digiri na Musamman: Ilimin Halitta na Muhalli]
* '''Jami'ar Jojiya.''' [https://anthropology.uga.edu/ Ilimin Halitta da Muhalli.] PhD. Shirye-shiryen Kare Haɗin Kai (ICON). Takaddun shaida na Digiri na farko a cikin Dorewa, Da'a na Muhalli, da Ilimin Kimiya.
* '''Jami'ar Kent.''' [https://www.kent.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/787/social-anthropology-and-humanitarian-environmental-crises MA a cikin Ilimin Anthropology na zamantakewa: Rikicin Bil Adama da Muhalli]
* '''Jami'ar Pennsylvania.''' [https://anthropology.sas.upenn.edu/content/environmental-anthropology-0 Muhalli Anthropology]
* '''Jami'ar Maine.''' BA Anthropology: Girman Mutum na Canjin Yanayi. [https://umaine.edu/anthropology/graduate-programs/master-arts-anthropology-environmental-policy/ MA a cikin Tsarin Anthropology da Tsarin Muhalli]
* '''Jami'ar Maryland.''' [https://anth.umd.edu/landingtopic/environment Ilimin Halitta da Muhalli.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525105343/https://anth.umd.edu/landingtopic/environment |date=2022-05-25 }} BA, BS, MA. A., da kuma Ph.D. shirye-shirye
* '''Jami'ar Texas a San Antonio.''' [http://anthropology.utsa.edu. Ph.D. a Environmental Anthropology]
* '''Makarantar Yale na Gandun daji da Kimiyyar Muhalli da Sashen Nazarin Anthropology.''' J [https://environment.yale.edu/doctoral/degrees/combined-anthropology/ oint Shirin Digiri na Digiri a cikin Anthropology da Muhalli]

== Duba wasu abubuwan ==

* Ilimin kwayar halitta dana bangaren kasa
* Ilimin kiyasin al’adu
* Yanayin al'adu
* Yanayin muhalli
* Ilimin yanayin siyasa
* Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha
* Adalci na muhalli

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Hukumar Kula da Nakasassu ta Ƙasa</title>
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'''Hukumar Kula da nakasassu ta ƙasa (NCPD)''' hukuma ce a [[Najeriya]].An kafa hukumar a shekarar 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://ncpd.gov.sl/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=NCPD |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manufar wannan Hukumar ita ce ta hana a nunawa nakasassu wariya, tare da sanya kowane ɗaya daga cikinsu ya samu daidaito da dama kamar sauran mutane marasa nakasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-12-22 |title=Farouq inaugurates governing council of Nat'l Commission for Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/farouq-inaugurates-governing-council-of-natl-commission-for-persons-with-disabilities/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=The significance of Disability Commission |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-significance-of-disability-commission/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329184749/https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-significance-of-disability-commission/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa NCPD a matsayin fitowar dokar (Haramta) Dokar, 2019 don hana wariya ga nakasassu da tabbatar da an sanya su a kowane fanni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-12-03 |title=2019 Disability Day: FG to establish National Commission for Persons with |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/366369-2019-disability-day-fg-to-establish-national-commission-for-persons-with-disabilities.html |access-date=2022-03-30 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abdullateef |first=Ismail |date=2020-07-07 |title=Establishment Of National Commission For Persons With Disability On Course - Farouq |url=https://fmic.gov.ng/establishment-of-national-commission-for-persons-with-disability-on-course-farouq/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and Culture |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330072324/https://fmic.gov.ng/establishment-of-national-commission-for-persons-with-disability-on-course-farouq/ |archive-date=2022-03-30 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Helen Southworth</title>
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'''Helen Mary Southworth''' (an Haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1956) tsohuwar 'yar siyasa ce ta Jam'iyyar Labour Party a[[Birtaniya]] wacce ita ce Shugabar Gudanar da Harkokin Shekaru a tsibirin Isle of Man.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Finance sector company raises money for three good causes&quot;. 29 September 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce tsohuwar 'yar majalisa (MP) na Warrington South, kuma an fara zabe ta a babban zaben 1997 . Ta ci gaba da zama kujerar Warrington ta Kudu a zabukan 2001 da 2005, a kowane lokaci tare da raguwar rinjaye. A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2009, ta sanar da cewa za ta yi ritaya a babban zaɓe na gaba . Kujerar da ta bari daga baya David Mowat ya lashe zaben jam'iyyar Conservative . Ita ce mutum daya tilo da ta ci zabe a jere a mazabar har sai da Mowat ya ci gaba da rike kujerar a babban zaben 2015 tare da karin rinjaye.

== Kuruciya ==
An haife ta a Preston, Southworth ta sami ilimi a tsohuwar Makarantar Grammar Larkhill Convent (yanzu ana kiranta Cardinal Newman College, kwalejin nau'i na shida ) akan Larkhill Road a Frenchwood, Preston. A cikin 1978, ta sauke karatu tare da BA a cikin adabin Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Lancaster .

Kafin shigar ta Majalisa, Southworth ta kasance kansila a Majalisar gundumar St Helens, wacce ta zamo shugabar kwamitin shakatawa. Ba ta yi nasara ba ta tsaya takarar mazabar Wirral South a zaben 1992 . Southworth darekta ne a Age Concern a St Helens.

== Aikin majalisa ==
Southworth ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilan zaɓaɓɓun kwamitocin kan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu (1998-2001) da Tsari (1997-1999). Ta kasance Sakatariyar Mai zaman kanta ta Majalisar Paul Boateng, tsohon Babban Sakataren Baitulmali, daga 2001 zuwa 2005. A shekara ta 2005 an nada ta mamba a kwamitin zaɓe na Al'adu, Watsa Labarai da Wasanni, wanda ta binciki yadda ake aiwatar da wasannin Olympics a London 2012.

Ta rike matsayin &quot;Non-executive director&quot; ga kungiyoyi da dama, gami da sadaka Age Concern, Grosvenor Housing Association da Merseyside da Knowsley Health Authority.

A taron Dods Women in Public Life Awards na 2008  anyi wa Southworth lakabi da MP na shekara saboda aikinta da ya shafi yaran da suka bace da kuma wadanda suka gudu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Warrington Guardian article&quot;. Warrington Guardian. 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; 

A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 2009, Southworth ta sanar da aniyarta ta tsayawa takara a babban zaɓe na gaba, tana mai nuni da sha'awarta na kwashe lokutan ta tare da iyalin ta.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Warrington South MP Helen Southworth to stand down at general election&quot;. [[Liverpool Daily Post]]. 16 June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsibirin &quot;Isle of  Man&quot; ==
Bayan ta kammala wa'adinta na zama 'yar majalisa, Southworth ta koma tare da mijinta zuwa Isle of Man. A shekara ta 2014 ta zama Shugaba na Age Isle of Man tun da ta kasance Shugaba na Age Concern a St Helens na tsawon shekaru goma sha uku kafin ta sauka a 2010.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;New CEO for Age Isle of Man&quot; (Press release). Age Isle of Man. 10 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ita ce kanwar marubuciyar kimiyya Gabrielle Walker, wacce ta shahara da shirye-shiryenta na rediyo a gidan rediyon BBC 4 da kuma karatunta na Antarctic. Ta auri Edmund Southworth, wanda ya gama karatu daga Jami'ar Lancaster a 1977 inda ya karanta Archaeology. Mijinta ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Arewa maso Yamma na Asusun Lottery na Heritage kuma shine Jami'in Gidan Tarihi na gundumar Lancashire daga 2001. Ya zama Daraktan Manx National Heritage a 2009&lt;ref&gt;New Director of Manx National Heritage&quot;. Isle of Man Government. 3 July 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;  kuma ta yi ritaya a 2021.&lt;ref&gt;Historic Manx buildings must pay their own way, former heritage boss says&quot;. ''[[BBC News]]''. 29 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050405001027/http://www.helensouthworth.labour.co.uk/ Helen Southworth official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070519213439/http://www.helensouthworth.labour.co.uk/ViewPage.cfm?Page=3161 Jam'iyyar Labour - Helen Southworth MP tarihin rayuwar hukuma]
* [http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,9290,-4899,00.html Siyasa mara iyaka - Tambayi Aristotle: Helen Southworth MP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010517121013/http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,9290,-4899,00.html |date=2001-05-17 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130621185015/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/helen_southworth/warrington_south SunaWorkForYou.com - Helen Southworth MP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090409061621/http://www.bbc.co.uk/election97/candidates/1710.htm Babban Zaɓe na BBC 1997 - Tarihin ɗan takara]
* An [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/mpdb/html/612.stm ajiye shafin Siyasa na BBC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405234622/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/mpdb/html/612.stm |date=2009-04-05 }}  Archived 
{{S-start}}
{{S-par|uk}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Warrington South (UK Parliament constituency)|Member of Parliament for Warrington South]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-end}}

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1956]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe</title>
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[[Fayil:GOMBE STATE UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE.jpg|thumb|jamiar gwambe]

'''Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe''' |Gombe State University of Science and Technology}}, GSUST) wata jami’a ce da gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta kafa a garin [[Kumo]], cikin ƙaramar hukumar Akko, a Najeriya. Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa (NUC) ta amince da kafa jami’ar a watan Oktoba na shekarar 2017, inda ta zama jami’a ta biyu mallakar gwamnatin jihar. An kafa ta ne da manufar faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami’a da ƙarfafa ilimin kimiyya da fasaha a yankin. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ |work=National Universities Commission |date=31 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

An kafa jami’ar ne a lokacin mulkin Gwamna Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin gwamnatin jihar na ƙara yawan cibiyoyin ilimi mai zurfi da kuma samar da ƙarin damar shiga jami’a ga matasa. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2017, Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa ta amince da jami’ar bayan duba takardun kafa ta, tsarin karatu da babban tsarin gine-ginenta. Hukumar ta bayyana cewa jami’ar za ta zama jami’a ta 154 a Najeriya a lokacin amincewar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nigerian Varsities Now 154 as NUC Approves Gombe State University of Science, Tech |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/11/01/nigerian-varsities-now-154-as-nuc-approves-gombe-state-university-of-science-tech/ |work=THISDAY |date=1 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ware fili mai girman kadada 150 domin aikin jami’ar a Kumo. A lokacin sanar da amincewar kafa ta, gwamnatin jihar ta bayyana cewa tana da niyyar samar da gine-gine da kayayyakin more rayuwa da za su taimaka wajen gudanar da ayyukan koyarwa da bincike. An ɗauki kafa jami’ar a matsayin wani mataki na bunƙasa ilimi da kuma taimaka wa ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewar yankin. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ |work=National Universities Commission |date=31 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsalolin fara aiki ==

Duk da amincewar da jami’ar ta samu a shekarar 2017, ba ta fara gudanar da harkokin karatu yadda aka tsara nan take ba. Rahotannin jaridu sun bayyana cewa jami’ar ta kasance ba ta fara aiki ba na tsawon lokaci, lamarin da ya sa aka nemi sabbin hanyoyin da za a bi domin kunna ayyukanta da tabbatar da cewa cibiyar ta fara karɓar ɗalibai. Wannan jinkiri ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen da suka shafi ci gaban jami’ar bayan kafa ta. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lincoln University Gombe launches admission portal |url=https://blueprint.ng/lincoln-university-gombe-launches-admission-portal/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta tsawaita wa’adin shugabancin jami’ar na tsawon watanni shida, daga ranar 1 ga Yulin 2023. Sanarwar ta ce an ɗauki matakin ne domin ba da damar kammala shirye-shiryen miƙa cibiyar ga Lincoln University College ta Malaysia. Wannan ya nuna cewa gwamnatin jihar tana neman haɗin gwiwar wata cibiyar ilimi ta ƙasashen waje domin farfaɗo da jami’ar da kuma fara ayyukan karatu. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe extends tenure of GSUST management by 6 months |url=https://blueprint.ng/gombe-extends-tenure-of-gsust-management-by-6-months/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=25 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haɗin gwiwa da Lincoln University College ==

A shekarar 2022, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta kulla yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da Lincoln University College ta Malaysia domin farfaɗo da jami’ar da aka kafa a Kumo. An tsara haɗin gwiwar ne domin amfani da ƙwarewar jami’ar Malaysia wajen bunƙasa cibiyar, inganta harkokin ilimi da samar da damar karatun jami’a a cikin Najeriya. An kuma bayyana shirin a matsayin tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da kamfani mai zaman kansa. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe extends tenure of GSUST management by 6 months |url=https://blueprint.ng/gombe-extends-tenure-of-gsust-management-by-6-months/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=25 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan wannan haɗin gwiwa, cibiyar ta samu sabon suna na Lincoln University Kumo. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2025, an sanar da buɗe shafin neman shiga jami’ar domin shekarar karatu ta 2025/2026. Rahoton jaridar Blueprint ya bayyana cewa wannan mataki ya nuna fara gudanar da harkokin karatu a ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin haɗin gwiwar jami’ar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lincoln University Gombe launches admission portal |url=https://blueprint.ng/lincoln-university-gombe-launches-admission-portal/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen karatu ==

A ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin Lincoln University Kumo, an sanar da shirye-shiryen karatu a fannonin kimiyyar lafiya, kimiyya da kwamfuta, da gudanarwa da ilimin zamantakewa. Rahoton Blueprint na Disamba 2025 ya ambaci darussa kamar likitanci, jinya, lafiyar jama’a, ilimin kwamfuta, tsaro ta intanet, ilimin halittu, nazarin sinadarai, lissafin kuɗi da sadarwa. Ya kamata a bambanta waɗannan shirye-shiryen na sabon tsarin da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara wa tsohuwar GSUST kafin fara aiki. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lincoln University Gombe launches admission portal |url=https://blueprint.ng/lincoln-university-gombe-launches-admission-portal/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin jami’ar ga Jihar Gombe ==

An kafa jami’ar ne domin ƙara damar samun ilimin jami’a ga matasan Jihar Gombe da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita. Kafa cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi a Kumo na iya taimaka wa bunƙasar tattalin arzikin garin ta hanyar samar da ayyukan yi, ƙara buƙatar gidaje da kasuwanci, da kuma jawo hankalin malamai da ɗalibai zuwa yankin. Duk da haka, auna irin tasirin da jami’ar ta yi ga al’umma yana buƙatar bayanan da aka tabbatar game da ɗalibai, ma’aikata da ayyukan da cibiyar ta gudanar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ |work=National Universities Commission |date=31 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Kumo]]
* [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Lincoln University Kumo]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abdul Hamid Al-Dabiba</title>
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        <username>أوس</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>أوس moved page [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]] to [[Abdul Hamid Al-Dabiba]]</comment>
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[[File:Mikhail Mishustin and Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (15-04-2021).jpg|thumbnail]]
'''Abdul Hamid al-Dbeibeh''' ( {{Lang-ar|عبدالحميد محمد الدبيبة}}   kuma ya rubuta '''Dbeibah'''; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1959&lt;ref&gt;ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ: ﺛﻮﺭﺓ 17 ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﺮﺣﺐ
ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ &quot; . afrique2050 (in Arabic).
Retrieved 4 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  ) ɗan siyasar Libya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda shi ne firayim ministan [[Libya|Libiya]] a ƙarƙashin Gwamnatin Hadin Kan Ƙasa (GNU) a [[Tripoli]]. An nada Dbeibeh ne a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 2021 ta hanyar dandalin tattaunawa kan siyasar Libya, kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da rike mukamin har zuwa lokacin zabe a ranar 24 ga Disamba 2021, wanda daga baya aka dage shi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;UN-led Libya forum selects new interim
government&quot; . Al Jazeera . 5 February 2021.
Retrieved 16 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙuruciya da ilimi ==
An haifi Dbeibeh a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu, 1959, a yammacin birnin Misrata.  Dbeibeh ya yi ikirarin cewa ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan jama'a daga Jami'ar Toronto a 1992; sai dai jami'ar ta musanta ikirarin Dbeibeh.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dbeibeh allegedly fakes international
diplomas on his CV&quot; .&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Toronto University denies that Dbeibeh
has obtained a certificate from its
faculties&quot; . 23 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An buga bayanin ne kwanaki kafin zaben Libya a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, 2021, don haka ba da damar yin muhawara kan ikirarin karya da kage na dan takarar shugaban kasa dangane da aikinsa na ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Libye | Une présidentielle à haut risque fait
des vagues jusqu'au Canada&quot; . 21
December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  A karkashin dokar zaben Libya, ana bukatar 'yan takara su sami digiri na jami'a daga jami'ar da aka amince da su. 

== Sana'ar kasuwanci ==
Dbeibeh ya koma Misrata ne a lokacin da ake ci gaba da samun bunkasuwar gine-gine, inda ya samu amincewar shugaban Libya [[Muammar Gaddafi]], wanda ya nada shi a matsayin shugaban kamfanin zuba jari da ci gaban kasar Libya (LIDCO), wani babban kamfanin gine-gine da ke da alhakin gudanar da wasu manyan ayyukan jama'a na kasar, ciki har da. gina rukunin gidaje 1,000 a mahaifar shugaban na Sirte.  Bayan faduwar Gaddafi a shekara ta 2011, sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwaryar Libiya ta sanya masa takunkumi kan cin hanci da rashawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;occrp&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=OCCRP|date=2022-02-22|title=Libyans Who Looted Gaddafi's Graft-Ridden Development Fund Banked at Credit Suisse|language=en|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/suisse-secrets/libyans-who-looted-gaddafis-graft-ridden-development-fund-banked-at-credit-suisse|access-date=2022-03-04}}OCCRP (22 February 2022). &quot;Libyans
Who Looted Gaddafi's Graft-Ridden
Development Fund Banked at Credit
Suisse&quot; . Retrieved 4 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dbeibeh shine manajan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al-Ittihad.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Profile of Libya's new executive authority
heads&quot; . Anadolu Agency . 6 February 2021.
Retrieved 16 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Sana'ar siyasa ==
A shekara ta 2020, ya kafa Libya al-Mustakbal (Libya Future) Movement. An bayyana Dbeibeh a matsayin mai zaman kansa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2022}}Al-Dabaiba sun yi  tare da Mohamed al-Menfi da Musa Al-Koni a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Gwamnatin Al-Dabaiba ita ce gwamnatin hadaka ta farko tun daga shekarar 2014. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Libya Lawmakers Approve First Unified
Government Since 2014&quot; . Bloomberg.com .
10 March 2021 – via www.bloomberg.com.&lt;/ref&gt; An zabi Dbeibeh a matsayin firaministan kasar Libya domin ya jagoranci hadaddiyar zartarwa ta wucin gadi a watan Fabrairun 2021. Jerin Dbeibeh ya samu kuri'u 39, fiye da na Aguila Saleh Issa da Fathi Bashagha.&lt;ref&gt;Sami Zaptia (5 February 2021). &quot;BREAKING:
New unified Libyan government selected by
LPDF in Geneva&quot; . Libya Herald . Archived
from the original on 5 February 2021.
Retrieved 16 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  Dbeibeh ya fuskanci zargin cewa ya yi yunkurin ba da cin hanci ga wasu wakilai a LPDF ta hannun dan uwansa, hamshakin attajiri Ali al-Dbeibeh. &lt;ref&gt;[https://almarsad.co/2020/11/16/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88/ Abdul Hmaid al-Dabaiba: All Libyans respect Ali al-Dabaiba, and bribes are not among our morals] (In Arabic) 16 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Jerin da ya hada da Aguila Saleh da Fathi Bashagha an gane cewa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ta fi so. Jakadan na Amurka ya musanta duk wani yunkuri na yin tasiri a harkokin zabe. &lt;ref&gt;Sami Zaptia (4 February 2021). &quot;U.S denies
attempting to influence LPDF process&quot; .
Libya Herald . Archived from the original on
5 February 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

An bukaci Dbeibeh a karkashin yarjejeniyoyin da LPDF ta yi ya nada majalisar ministocin tare da ba da shawarar zabar majalisar wakilai (HoR) don kada kuri'ar amincewa nan da ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu 2021, wadda ake sa ran za ta kafa gwamnatin hadin kan kasa.&lt;ref&gt;Zaptia, Sami (15 February 2021).
&quot;Aldabaiba and Menfi continue to hold
meetings ahead of government formation
and approval by parliament&quot; . Libya Herald .
Archived from the original on 16 February
2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Alok Sharma meets Libyan PM Abdul Hamid Mohammed Dbeibeh (51269058742).jpg|thumb|Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh a gefe ]]
Tun a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairun 2022 ake takarar neman mukaminsa, bayan da majalisar wakilan Libya ta zabi Fathi Bashagha shi ma a matsayin firaminista. Sai dai Dbeibeh ya ki amincewa da nadin Bashagha a matsayin firaminista, yana mai cewa zai mika mulki ne bayan zaben kasa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Libya rifts deepen as new PM named,
incumbent refuses to yield&quot; . Reuters. 10
February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;  Khalifa Haftar da sojojinsa na Libya sun yi maraba da nadin Bashagha. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Libya: Tobruk parliament names new PM,
fuelling division&quot; . Al Jazeera . 10 February
2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu 2022, ya tsira daga yunƙurin kashe shi lokacin da maharan suka harba harsasai a cikin motarsa. A cewar wata majiyar gwamnati da ke kusa da shi, bai ji komai ba a yayin da ake gwabza fada tsakanin bangaren gwamnati.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Libyan PM survives assassination attempt,
source close to him says&quot; . CNN News . 10
February 2022. p. 1. Retrieved 11 February
2022.&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na ci gaba da amincewa da Dbeibeh a matsayin firaminista na wucin gadi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;UN backs Libya's interim PM despite
lawmakers' challenge&quot; . DW . 10 February
2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Kani ne kuma sirikin [[Ali Ibrahim Dabaiba]], wanda a baya magajin garin Misrata ne kuma shugaban dan kwangilar ci gaban kasa mallakar LIDCO a zamanin Gaddafi, wanda a shekarar 2012 ya kasance cikin jerin sunayen jami’an da aka sanyawa takunkumi, lamarin da Interpol ta ba da sanarwar jan kunne kamawa a 2014. An kiyasta cewa ya yi almubazzaranci da kusan dala biliyan 7 a cikin 2011 kudaden kwangilar da LIDCO ta bayar a karkashin jagorancinsa, bisa ga sirrin Suisse.  &lt;ref&gt;Dagres, Holly (1 February 2023). &quot;Libya's
political impasse and the $6 billion
question&quot; . Atlantic Council. Retrieved 6
February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Suka ==
[[Fayil:Vertice Italia Africa (36).jpg|thumb|Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh a tsakiya ]]
Wolfgang Pusztai, tsohon jami'in diflomasiyyar [[Austriya]] da ke Libya, ya ce sunan Dbeibeh na da cece-kuce a kan mukamin firaminista, tun da aka zarge shi da hannu a &quot;almundahana, halasta kudaden haram, ba da tallafin [[Ƴan'uwa Musulmai|kungiyar 'yan uwa musulmi]], da sayen kuri'u&quot;. Pusztai ya ji cewa gaskiyar ikirarin ba ta da nasaba da yanayin siyasa na shekarar 2021, tun da hasashe ne ke ƙidayar. 

== Manazarta ==


[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1958]]
&lt;references /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Pic_dato'_wan.jpg|Pic_dato'_wan.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 14 October 2026.</comment>
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Datuk '''Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar bin Wan Ahmad''' (16 ga watan Janairun 1960 - 5 ga watan Mayu 2016) ɗan siyasan Malaysia ne, masanin gine-gine, kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar (MP) na Kuala Kangsar daga Mayu 2013 zuwa mutuwarsa bayan shekaru uku a Mayu 2016. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Man Fetur ta Malaysia (MPOB). Ya kasance ɗan asalin Kuala Kangsar . Wan Khair-il Anuar ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Malays ta Ƙasa (UMNO) a cikin hadin gwiwar Barisan Nasional (BN).

== Ilimi ==
Wan Khair-il Anuar ya sami karatun firamare a Sekolah Kebangsaan Clifford, Kuala Kangsar daga 1967 zuwa 1972.&lt;ref&gt;Directory.[http://directory.yellavia.com/schools/sk-clifford-26000/ &quot;Sekolah Kebangsaan Clifford&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719045942/https://directory.yellavia.com/schools/sk-clifford-26000/ |date=2023-07-19 }}, ''Yellavia.com''. Retrieved on 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin karatunsa na sakandare, ya tafi makarantu daban-daban guda uku: Sekolah Menengah Clifford, Sekolah Menengah Anderson da Sungai Petani Science School (Boarding School) a Kedah .&lt;ref&gt;Directory.[http://directory.yellavia.com/schools/sm-sains-sultan-mohamad-jiwa-21382/ &quot;Sekolah Menengah Sains Kedah/Sultan Muhammad Jiwa&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719045942/https://directory.yellavia.com/schools/sm-sains-sultan-mohamad-jiwa-21382/ |date=2023-07-19 }}, ''Yellavia.com''. Retrieved on 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
Tare da kyakkyawan nasara a lokacin karatun sakandare, Wan Khair-il Anuar ya aika da gwamnati don ci gaba da karatunsa a fannin gine-gine a kasashen waje. Matsayinsa na farko shi ne Kwalejin Birni ta Plymouth, inda ya sami bambanci a cikin shirinsa na &quot;A matakin&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Plymouth Uni.[http://www.cityplym.ac.uk/ &quot;Official Website&quot;], ''[[City College Plymouth]]''. Retrieved on 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan, an yarda da shi zuwa Jami'ar Kingston inda aka ba shi BA (Hons) Architecture da Master in Architecture.&lt;ref&gt;Official Website.[http://www.kingston.ac.uk/ &quot;Kingston University&quot;], ''[[Kingston University]]'' Retrieved on 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
A cikin 1990, Wan Khair-il Anuar ya kafa kamfanin gine-gine, wanda ke zaune a [[Kuala Lumpur]]. An kuma nada Wan Khair-il Anuar a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Man Fetur ta Malaysia (MPOB).&lt;ref&gt;TheSundaily., Retrieved on 4 November 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin Damansara Realty Berhad, kamfani mai suna Public List.

Wan Khair-il Anuar an shigar da shi cikin kungiyoyi masu sana'a daban-daban. A cikin 1990, ya zama memba na Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM), sannan Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) a cikin 1992 da kuma Institut Perekabentuk Dalaman Malaysia (IPDM) a cikin 1995.&lt;ref&gt;AsiaBuilders.[http://www.asiabuilders.com.my/asiabuilders2011/INSTITUT-PEREKABENTUK-DALAMAN-MALAYSIA_Malaysia_Company_50007467.aspx &quot;Directory&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105354/http://www.asiabuilders.com.my/asiabuilders2011/INSTITUT-PEREKABENTUK-DALAMAN-MALAYSIA_Malaysia_Company_50007467.aspx |date=2016-03-04 }}. Retrieved on 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan siyasa ==

* Mambobin kwamitin kungiyar matasa ta UMNO ta Kuala Kangsar: 1989-1993
* Shugaban reshen matasa na UMNO: 1989-2002
* Shugaban kungiyar matasa ta UMNO ta Kuala Kangsar: 1998-2001
* Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar matasa ta UMNO ta Malaysia: 1999-2000
* Exco na UMNO Matasan Malaysia: 2000-2004
* Shugaban reshen UMNO Bukit Chandan: 2002
* Mataimakin Shugaban UMNO Kuala Kangsar Division: 2004-2012
* Mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha Bukit Chandan: 2008-2012
* Shugaban UMNO Kuala Kangsar Division: 2013-2016

== Mutuwa ==
Wan Khair-il Anuar ya mutu a hadarin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na AS 350 kusa da Sebuyau, Sarawak . Yana tafiya tare da wasu jami'an gwamnati da yawa daga Betong zuwa Kuching a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2016 lokacin da helikofta ta rasa hulɗa da jami'an ƙasa. An gano tarkace a kusa da kogin Batang Lupar washegari. Har ila yau, bala'in ya shafi Tan Sri Dato 'Hajjah Noriah Kasnon, Mataimakin Ministan Masana'antu da Kasuwanci kuma memba na majalisa na Sungai Besar, Selangor. An dawo da gawar Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar zuwa Perak kuma an kwantar da shi a Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum kusa da Masallacin Ubudiah, Kuala Kangsar .

Gwauruwarsa, Mastura Mohd Yazid wanda BN ta zaba don sake tsayawa takarar zaben Kuala Kangsar, ta samu nasarar kare kujerar don ta gaji shi a matsayin sabon dan majalisa na Kuala Kangsar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/bn-eyes-sympathy-votes-for-widow|title=BN eyes sympathy votes for widow|website=The Straits Times|date=11 June 2016|access-date=23 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/06/23/masturas-first-day-at-work-as-kuala-kangsar-mp|title=Mastura's first day at work as Kuala Kangsar MP|website=The Star Online|date=23 June 2016|access-date=23 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sakamakon zaben ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%&quot;
|+'''Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Perak'''
!Shekara
!Mazabar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai neman takara
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Pct
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Masu adawa
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Pct
!Zaben da aka jefa
!Mafi rinjaye
!Masu halarta
|-
|2008
|'''Bukit Chandan'''
| {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
|Wan Khair-il Anuar ([[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']])
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''5,850'''
|'''55.62%'''
| {{Party shading/Keadilan}} |
|Zulkifli bin Ibrahim ([[Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Jama'a (Malaysia)|PKR]])
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,156
|39.51%
|10,518
|1,694
|Kashi 74.01%
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%&quot;
|+'''Majalisar dokokin Malaysia'''&lt;ref&gt;news.[http://elections.thestar.com.my/candidates.aspx?state=perak &quot;13th Malaysian general election&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228074411/http://elections.thestar.com.my/candidates.aspx?state=perak|date=2015-02-28}}, ''[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]'' Retrieved on 28 April 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
!Shekara
!Mazabar
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai neman takara
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Pct
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Masu adawa
!Zaɓuɓɓuka
!Pct
!Zaben da aka jefa
!Mafi rinjaye
!Masu halarta
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;mwmg&quot;&gt;Kuala Kangsar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wan Khair-il Anuar ([[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|'''UMNO''']])
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; |'''14,218'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''50.40%'''
| {{Party shading/PAS}} |
|Khalil Idham Lim Abdullah ([[Jam'iyyar Islama Se-Malaysia|PAS]])
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,136
|46.44%
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |28,283
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1,082
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |84.33%
|-
| {{Party shading/Independent}} |
|Kamilia Ibrahim ([[Dan siyasa mai zaman kansa|IND]])
| align=&quot;right&quot; |447
|1.58%
|}

== Daraja ==

* {{Flag|Malaysia}} :
** [[File:MY_Darjah_Jasa_Negara_-_Order_of_Meritorious_Service_-_PJN.svg|50x50px]] Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service (PJN) - '''Datuk''' (2016)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.facebook.com/WanKhairilAnuar Wan Khair-il Anuar] a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]]
* [https://twitter.com/1kuale Wan Khair-il Anuar] a shafin [[Twitter]]
* Wan Khair-il Anuar a [[Instagram]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1960]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Amuta</title>
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      <id>971237</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An kirkira ta fassara &quot;Career&quot; daga shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375562314|James Amuta]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na Najeriya, darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka.[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing Film,    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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      <id>971238</id>
      <parentid>971237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:27:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
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      <origin>971238</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka.[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing Film,    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971239</id>
      <parentid>971238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:28:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
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      <origin>971239</origin>
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J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka.[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing Film,    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>6h6ix3p9oxdck87dvgm0t7k8jdwv2ze</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971241</id>
      <parentid>971239</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
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      <origin>971241</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6398" sha1="nxeffa626v5nii65teockaqhefbvu8y" xml:space="preserve">
J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na [[Afirka]].[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing Film,    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>nxeffa626v5nii65teockaqhefbvu8y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971243</id>
      <parentid>971241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:29:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
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      <origin>971243</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6402" sha1="bz118d4p01mix5vklnbqe5g0wcugz68" xml:space="preserve">
J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na [[Afirka]].[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar [[Fim]] ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing Film,    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>bz118d4p01mix5vklnbqe5g0wcugz68</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971245</id>
      <parentid>971243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:30:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971245</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6406" sha1="pzo4v4momve3j338s4z2h91389dkg3g" xml:space="preserve">
J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na [[Afirka]].[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar [[Fim]] ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing [[Film]],    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>pzo4v4momve3j338s4z2h91389dkg3g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971246</id>
      <parentid>971245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:31:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971246</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6414" sha1="ixcqyk1o2yt66n73it4yof6jv8088z7" xml:space="preserve">
J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu (April)) shi ne Mai shirya fim-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, mai daukar hoto na sama kuma mai tallatawa wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don fim mafi kyau a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na [[Afirka]].[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar [[Fim]] ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing [[Film]],    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
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J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu (April)) shi ne Mai shirya fina-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, kumah mai daukar hoto na sama, kuma mai tallatawa. wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don [[fim]] mafi kyau a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na [[Afirka]].[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar [[Fim]] ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing [[Film]],    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa(producer) na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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J

{{Databox}}

ames Amuta (an haife shi 12 ga Afrilu (April)) shi ne Mai shirya fina-finai na [[Najeriya]], darektan, kumah mai daukar hoto na sama, kuma mai tallatawa. wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a ([[Lagos (jiha)|lagos]]) Legas . [1] An fi saninsa da fim dinsa na Nightfall in Lagos wanda aka zaba don [[fim]] mafi kyau a shekarar dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta hanyar Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na [[Afirka]].[2][3]

== Ayyuka ==
Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa na fim din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kuma darektan ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar [[Fim]] ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta ya rubuta kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kan Collision Course wanda aka zaba a matsayin [[Africa International Film Festival|AFRIFF]] 2021 Closing [[Film]],    kuma an zabi shi don kyaututtuka huɗu a 2021 Africa Movie Academy Award, inda ya lashe kyaututtaka biyu, gami da Kyautar Nasarar a Screenplay.

Amuta ta hada kai da Elesin Oba: The King's Horseman, fim din Netflix na [[Wole Soyinka]]'s Death and the Kings Horseman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2021-10-26 |title=Biyi Bandele Announces He's Directing Ebonylife &amp; Netflix's &quot;Death and the King's Horseman&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/10/biyi-bandele-ebonylife-netflix-death-and-the-kings-horseman/ |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ide |first=Wendy |date=September 11, 2022 |title='The King's Horseman': Toronto Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-kings-horseman-toronto-review/5174336.article |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Screen |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amuta kuma mawaki ne kuma yana da littafin da aka buga Enigma: Beyond the Poet . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ranar dare a Legas''
|Darakta / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Wurukum Roundabout''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai daukar hoto
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|''[[The Bling Lagosians|Bling Lagosians]]''
|
|-
|''[[Your Excellency (fim)|Mai Girma]]''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-09 |title=Funke Akindele-Bello, Mo Abudu &amp; Akin Lewis dazzle as Ebonylife Films Premieres &quot;Your Excellency&quot; |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/premiere-your-excellency/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Òlóturé|''Rashin ƙanshi'']]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/cna-lifestyle/new-african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-stereotypes-189011 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=CNA Lifestyle |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''
|Marubuci / Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Nasara ko Rashin''
|Mai gabatarwa / Daraktan
|
|-
|''Mutumin Allah''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mai gabatarwa
|
|-
|''Elesin Oba, Mai Hawan Sarki''
|
|-
|2023
|''Amfanin gona baƙi''
|Marubuci / Darakta / Mai gabatarwa / Mai ɗaukar fina-finai
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Lokacin da Dabbobin suka Fito''
|Babban furodusa / Daraktan
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gajeren fim
|-
|''Ba tare da Biya ba''
|Daraktan
|}

== Aiki ==

Amuta ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa([[producer]]) na [[fim]] din Netflix na asali mai suna Oloture,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=New African-made films challenge Hollywood stereotypes |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/african-made-films-challenge-hollywood-094447979.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a matsayin mai samar da fim din da ya ci nasara a kasuwanci Your Excellency .  Shi ne marubuci kumadirecter( darektan) ''BiCuriosity'' wanda Cibiyar Fim ta Colorado ta sanya shi a matsayin dan wasan karshe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Screenplay Winners |url=https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814213849/https://www.vailfilmfestival.com/2021-screenplay-competition |archive-date=2021-08-14 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Vail Film Festival |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
|-
|2018
|[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Ranar dare a Legas''|{{Nom}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Fim
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-04|title=#AMVCA2018: Ali Nuhu wins, dedicates award to cast|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/282426-amvca2018-ali-nuhu-wins-dedicates-award-to-cast.html|access-date=2021-08-11|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]
|Fim mafi kyau
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya
|''Mutumin Allah''|{{Won}}
|-
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2022 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]]
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka
|''Hanyar haɗuwa''| {{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 May 2022 |title=AMVCA 2022 winners: Full list of Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award winners |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61452928}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>8z1prhsy5do8fhtkzk37kdoahdrzjbo</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Adasa Cookey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>971129</id>
      <parentid>970671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:13:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An kirkira ta fassara &quot;Early life&quot; daga shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351893632|Adasa Cookey]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971129</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9030" sha1="9m06yde924e7lch6u4r47a99lhfrn82" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Adasa Cookey (an haife ta Adasa Rawlinson Cookeygam) ita ce Daraktan bidiyon kiɗa Na Najeriya, Mai daukar hoto, Daraktan kasuwanci, mai launi, kuma Mai shirya fim-finai.[1][2][3] Yana aiki kuma yana jagorantar Squareball Media Productions Limited inda shi ne kuma babban jami'in kamfanin, wanda kuma lakabin rikodin ne wanda ke da gidaje 1da Banton &amp; Eli Jae . [4]

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Adasa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1981, a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]]. Ya yi yarantakarsa a Port Harcourt, inda ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Bereton da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]] kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Fasaha a Gine-gine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2015 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/adasa-cookey |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Adasa ya bar aikin wakilin kula da abokan ciniki a cikin 2010 don canza sha'awarsa a cikin gyaran bidiyo da kai tsaye. 
Ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa na masu fasahar kiɗa kamar [[Davido]], Burna Boy, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]], [[Adekunle Gold]], D'Prince, da [[Don Jazzy]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2021 |title=Top 10 Video Directors In Nigeria (2021) |url=https://infobusstop.com/top-10-video-directors-in-nigeria-2021/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160216/https://infobusstop.com/top-10-video-directors-in-nigeria-2021/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://imvdb.com/n/adasa-cookey/videography-by-position/dir |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2020 |title=[Video] SIMI – &quot;Duduke&quot; (Dir. By Adasa Cookey |url=https://tooxclusive.com/video-simi-duduke-dir-by-adasa-cookey/ |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan bidiyo da aka zaɓa ==

* Burna Boy - Kamar Jam'iyyar (2013) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Video- Like To Party By Burna Boy {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/new-video-like-to-party-by-burna-boy/pt7dqw9}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* D'Prince - Goody Bag (2013) 
* Ketchup- Nuna Ni Yuh Rozay (2013) 
* [[Mavin Records|Mavins]] All Stars - Adaobi (2014) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Trending Video: Catch the Visuals for Adaobi by the Mavins Crew {{!}} BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/10/trending-video-catch-the-visuals-for-adaobi-by-the-mavins-crew/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* DJ Xclusive ft [[Davido]] - Wo Le (2015) 
* [[Adekunle Gold]] - Sade (2015) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AdekunleGold Releases video for his single, Sade {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/adekunlegold-releases-video-for-his-single-sade/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Adekunle Gold]] - Shirye (2016) 
* Ric Hassani - Kai kaɗai (2017) 
* Ginin dafa abinci na [[Orezi]] (2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=[Video] Orezi – Cooking Pot (Dir. By Adasa Cookey) » Naijaloaded |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/video/video-orezi-cooking-pot-dir-adasa-cookey}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Idahams-Toast (2017) 
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] - Selense (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Watch Simi's Beautiful Music Video For 'Selense' - OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/simi-selense-video-watch-nigerian-music/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] - Ayo (2019) 
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] - Duduke (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simi - Duduke Official Video {{!}} Download Video MP4 » TrendyBeatz |url=https://trendybeatz.com/download-video/8676/simi-duduke-official-video}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] ft Patoranking - Jericho (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Download Video: Simi ft. Patoranking - Jericho |url=https://natirovibe.com/video-mp4/simi-patoranking-jericho/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160217/https://natirovibe.com/video-mp4/simi-patoranking-jericho/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bebe Cool ft Rudeboy - Jin (2020) 
* [[Runtown]] ft. Bella Shmurda, Darkovibes - Body Riddim (Video) (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Video: Runtown feat. Darkovibes &amp; Bella Shmurda – Body Riddim {{!}} BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/02/runtown-darkovibes-body-riddim/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] ft. [[Adekunle Gold]] - By You (2019) 
* Praiz - Madu (2020) 
* [[Niniola]] - Mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi (2020) 
* Wande Coal ft. Wale - Har ila yau (Remix) (2020) 
* Wande Coal - Har ila yau (2020) 
* Idahams-Biliyan Dollar (2019) 
* Idahams-Ada (2020) 
* Idahams-Zan Shigar da Idoyata (2020) 
* Stonebwoy ft. [[Zlatan]]- Mai sukar (2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Watch Stonebwoy's new video for 'Critical' featuring Nigerian artist Zlatan – GRUNGECAKE |url=https://grungecake.com/stonebwoy-critical-zlatan/articles/77850}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==

An haifi Adasa a ranar ashirin da daya 21 ga watan Oktoba, alif dubu daya da dari.tara da tamanin da daya 1981, a fotakot( Port Harcourt), Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]]. Ya yi yarintakarsa a Port Harcourt, inda ya yi makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Bereton da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]] kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Fasaha na Gine-gine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2015 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/adasa-cookey |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Shirin
!Bikin
!Sashe
!Sakamakon
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |&quot;shi kansa&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Nishaɗi na Jama'ar Birni]]
|''Darakta na Bidiyo na Kiɗa mafi Kyau na Shekara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2016 |title=Wizkid, Tiwa Savage &amp; Olamide Lead The 2016 City People Entertainment Award Nominees |url=https://jaguda.com/music-news/wizkid-tiwa-savage-olamide-lead-the-2016-city-people-entertainment-award-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925085402/https://jaguda.com/music-news/wizkid-tiwa-savage-olamide-lead-the-2016-city-people-entertainment-award-nominees/ |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Irin wannan Patoranking &quot;Jericho&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Bikin Kyautar Soundcity MVP
|''Bidiyo na Shekara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2020 |title=Soundcity MVP Awards 2020: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/soundcity-mvp-awards-2020-all-winners |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |&quot;Hanninsa&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyaututtuka masu yawa
|''Daraktan Bidiyo na Shekara''| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2019
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Irin wannan Patoranking &quot;Jericho&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar AFRIMA
|''Mafi kyawun Bidiyo na Afirka'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2019 |title=Burna Boy, 2Baba, Nadia win big at 2019 AFRIMA. See full list of winners |url=https://newscentral.africa/2019/11/25/full-list-winners-2019-afrima-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022233913/https://newscentral.africa/2019/11/25/full-list-winners-2019-afrima-awards/ |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2017
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Orezi, &quot;Kwanakin dafa abinci&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar AFRIMA
|''Mafi kyawun Bidiyo na Afirka na Shekara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2017 |title=AFRIMA 2017: Full List Of Winners |url=https://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/38535/afrima-2017-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908042408/https://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/38535/afrima-2017-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Won}} 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Adekunle Gold]], &quot;Ka Ɗauki Kira&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya
|''Mafi kyawun Cinematography'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2016 |title=2016 Nigeria Music Video Awards: See the list of winners |url=https://jaguda.com/music-news/2016-nigeria-music-video-awards-see-list-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160216/https://jaguda.com/music-news/2016-nigeria-music-video-awards-see-list-winners/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ranti, &quot;Iwe Ki Ko&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya
|''Edita mafi kyau'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2016 |title=NMVA 2016 Nominees List |url=https://acceleratetv.com/wip/?p=22764 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160217/https://acceleratetv.com/wip/?p=22764 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ranti, &quot;Iwe Ki Ko&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya
|''Darakta Mafi Kyawu'' | {{Nom}}
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>9m06yde924e7lch6u4r47a99lhfrn82</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971130</id>
      <parentid>971129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:14:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An kirkira ta fassara &quot;Early life&quot; daga shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351893632|Adasa Cookey]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9646" sha1="pqduri55z5cx20v5qaz43adk23k697q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Adasa Cookey (an haife ta Adasa Rawlinson Cookeygam) ita ce Daraktan bidiyon kiɗa Na Najeriya, Mai daukar hoto, Daraktan kasuwanci, mai launi, kuma Mai shirya fim-finai.[1][2][3] Yana aiki kuma yana jagorantar Squareball Media Productions Limited inda shi ne kuma babban jami'in kamfanin, wanda kuma lakabin rikodin ne wanda ke da gidaje 1da Banton &amp; Eli Jae . [4]

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Adasa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1981, a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]]. Ya yi yarantakarsa a Port Harcourt, inda ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Bereton da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]] kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Fasaha a Gine-gine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2015 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/adasa-cookey |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Adasa ya bar aikin wakilin kula da abokan ciniki a cikin 2010 don canza sha'awarsa a cikin gyaran bidiyo da kai tsaye. 
Ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa na masu fasahar kiɗa kamar [[Davido]], Burna Boy, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]], [[Adekunle Gold]], D'Prince, da [[Don Jazzy]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2021 |title=Top 10 Video Directors In Nigeria (2021) |url=https://infobusstop.com/top-10-video-directors-in-nigeria-2021/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160216/https://infobusstop.com/top-10-video-directors-in-nigeria-2021/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://imvdb.com/n/adasa-cookey/videography-by-position/dir |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2020 |title=[Video] SIMI – &quot;Duduke&quot; (Dir. By Adasa Cookey |url=https://tooxclusive.com/video-simi-duduke-dir-by-adasa-cookey/ |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan bidiyo da aka zaɓa ==

* Burna Boy - Kamar Jam'iyyar (2013) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Video- Like To Party By Burna Boy {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/new-video-like-to-party-by-burna-boy/pt7dqw9}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* D'Prince - Goody Bag (2013) 
* Ketchup- Nuna Ni Yuh Rozay (2013) 
* [[Mavin Records|Mavins]] All Stars - Adaobi (2014) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Trending Video: Catch the Visuals for Adaobi by the Mavins Crew {{!}} BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/10/trending-video-catch-the-visuals-for-adaobi-by-the-mavins-crew/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* DJ Xclusive ft [[Davido]] - Wo Le (2015) 
* [[Adekunle Gold]] - Sade (2015) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AdekunleGold Releases video for his single, Sade {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/adekunlegold-releases-video-for-his-single-sade/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Adekunle Gold]] - Shirye (2016) 
* Ric Hassani - Kai kaɗai (2017) 
* Ginin dafa abinci na [[Orezi]] (2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=[Video] Orezi – Cooking Pot (Dir. By Adasa Cookey) » Naijaloaded |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/video/video-orezi-cooking-pot-dir-adasa-cookey}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Idahams-Toast (2017) 
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] - Selense (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Watch Simi's Beautiful Music Video For 'Selense' - OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/simi-selense-video-watch-nigerian-music/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] - Ayo (2019) 
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] - Duduke (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simi - Duduke Official Video {{!}} Download Video MP4 » TrendyBeatz |url=https://trendybeatz.com/download-video/8676/simi-duduke-official-video}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] ft Patoranking - Jericho (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Download Video: Simi ft. Patoranking - Jericho |url=https://natirovibe.com/video-mp4/simi-patoranking-jericho/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160217/https://natirovibe.com/video-mp4/simi-patoranking-jericho/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bebe Cool ft Rudeboy - Jin (2020) 
* [[Runtown]] ft. Bella Shmurda, Darkovibes - Body Riddim (Video) (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Video: Runtown feat. Darkovibes &amp; Bella Shmurda – Body Riddim {{!}} BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/02/runtown-darkovibes-body-riddim/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] ft. [[Adekunle Gold]] - By You (2019) 
* Praiz - Madu (2020) 
* [[Niniola]] - Mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi (2020) 
* Wande Coal ft. Wale - Har ila yau (Remix) (2020) 
* Wande Coal - Har ila yau (2020) 
* Idahams-Biliyan Dollar (2019) 
* Idahams-Ada (2020) 
* Idahams-Zan Shigar da Idoyata (2020) 
* Stonebwoy ft. [[Zlatan]]- Mai sukar (2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Watch Stonebwoy's new video for 'Critical' featuring Nigerian artist Zlatan – GRUNGECAKE |url=https://grungecake.com/stonebwoy-critical-zlatan/articles/77850}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==

An haifi Adasa a ranar ashirin da daya 21 ga watan Oktoba, alif dubu daya da dari.tara da tamanin da daya 1981, a fotakot( Port Harcourt), Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]]. Ya yi yarintakarsa a Port Harcourt, inda ya yi makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Bereton da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]] kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Fasaha na Gine-gine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2015 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/adasa-cookey |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Farkon rayuwa ==

An haifi Adasa a ranar ashirin da daya 21 ga watan Oktoba, alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da daya 1981, a fotakot( Port Harcourt), Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]]. Ya yi yarintakarsa a Port Harcourt, inda ya yi makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Bereton da Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]] kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Fasaha na Gine-gine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2015 |title=Adasa Cookey |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/adasa-cookey |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Shirin
!Bikin
!Sashe
!Sakamakon
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |&quot;shi kansa&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Nishaɗi na Jama'ar Birni]]
|''Darakta na Bidiyo na Kiɗa mafi Kyau na Shekara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2016 |title=Wizkid, Tiwa Savage &amp; Olamide Lead The 2016 City People Entertainment Award Nominees |url=https://jaguda.com/music-news/wizkid-tiwa-savage-olamide-lead-the-2016-city-people-entertainment-award-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925085402/https://jaguda.com/music-news/wizkid-tiwa-savage-olamide-lead-the-2016-city-people-entertainment-award-nominees/ |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Irin wannan Patoranking &quot;Jericho&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Bikin Kyautar Soundcity MVP
|''Bidiyo na Shekara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2020 |title=Soundcity MVP Awards 2020: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/soundcity-mvp-awards-2020-all-winners |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |&quot;Hanninsa&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyaututtuka masu yawa
|''Daraktan Bidiyo na Shekara''| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2019
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Irin wannan Patoranking &quot;Jericho&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar AFRIMA
|''Mafi kyawun Bidiyo na Afirka'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2019 |title=Burna Boy, 2Baba, Nadia win big at 2019 AFRIMA. See full list of winners |url=https://newscentral.africa/2019/11/25/full-list-winners-2019-afrima-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022233913/https://newscentral.africa/2019/11/25/full-list-winners-2019-afrima-awards/ |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2017
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Orezi, &quot;Kwanakin dafa abinci&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar AFRIMA
|''Mafi kyawun Bidiyo na Afirka na Shekara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2017 |title=AFRIMA 2017: Full List Of Winners |url=https://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/38535/afrima-2017-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908042408/https://silverbirdtv.com/entertainment/38535/afrima-2017-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Won}} 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Adekunle Gold]], &quot;Ka Ɗauki Kira&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya
|''Mafi kyawun Cinematography'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2016 |title=2016 Nigeria Music Video Awards: See the list of winners |url=https://jaguda.com/music-news/2016-nigeria-music-video-awards-see-list-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160216/https://jaguda.com/music-news/2016-nigeria-music-video-awards-see-list-winners/ |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ranti, &quot;Iwe Ki Ko&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya
|''Edita mafi kyau'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2016 |title=NMVA 2016 Nominees List |url=https://acceleratetv.com/wip/?p=22764 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160217/https://acceleratetv.com/wip/?p=22764 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |access-date=September 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ranti, &quot;Iwe Ki Ko&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya
|''Darakta Mafi Kyawu'' | {{Nom}}
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>pqduri55z5cx20v5qaz43adk23k697q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kayode Kasum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>54143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971266</id>
      <parentid>970809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T06:01:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salma Raddah</username>
        <id>45959</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376650715|Kayode Kasum]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971266</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5884" sha1="4zlkfqg7twx85zkv162i9heydwrl8en" xml:space="preserve">
Kayode Kasum (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1992) shi ne darektan fina-finai da kuma furodusa na Najeriya. [1] Yana daya daga cikin daraktocin Nollywood da suka fi samun nasara, tare da fina-finai goma sha biyu daga cikin fina-fukkukan da suka fi girma a Najeriya har zuwa Nuwamba 2025. A shekara ta 2024 an sanya shi a matsayin darektan Nollywood na uku mafi girma ta hanyar darajar cikin gida.[1][2][3]

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Kasum a Jihar Legas a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1992. Ya halarci Kwalejin Model ta Jihar Legas, Kankon, [[Badagry]], don karatun sakandare kuma daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=kunleben |date=2021-03-20 |title=Kayode Kasum Biography: Age, Movies, Net Worth &amp; Photos |url=https://www.360dopes.com/kayode-kasum-biography-age-movies-net-worth-photos/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=360dopes |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kayode Kasum - Nollywire |url=https://nollywire.com/names/kayode-kasum/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Kasum ya fara aikinsa a cikin fina-finai a matsayin mai tsara zane-zane a Wale Adenuga Productions . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a kamfanin talla. An fitar da fim dinsa na farko, Dognapped, a shekarar 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tolu |date=2017-01-21 |title=The Film Blog: We are curious about Kayode Kasum's 'Dognapped' » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/film-blog-curious-kayode-kasums-dognapped/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, ya sami shahara ga fim dinsa ''[[Oga Bolaji]]'', wanda aka saki a cikin 2018, kuma ya yi wasu shirye-shiryen Nollywood, gami da Sugar Rush da [[Toyin Abraham|Toyin Ibrahim]]'s Fate of Alakada .  Kasum ya ba da umarni sama da minti 10,860 na jerin shirye-shiryen M-Net Unbroken da ''Riona'' .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Versatile Nollywood actor &quot;Aaron Sunday&quot; Stars on Mnet's New Telenovela &quot;Unbroken&quot;. {{!}} DatJoblessBoi |url=https://datjoblessboi.com/versatile-nollywood-actor-aaron-sunday-stars-on-mnets-new-telenovela-unbroken/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=datjoblessboi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa a matsayin darektan sun haɗa da Sugar Rush (2019), This Lady Called Life (2020), Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards (2020), Quams Money, Castle and Castle Season 2, ''[[Soole]]'' (2021), da fim dinsa na farko na tsoro, Ile Owo (House of Money) (2022). Har ila yau, shi ne darektan fim na huɗu mafi girma a Najeriya, tare da kudaden shiga na ofishin jakadancin da suka wuce miliyan 767.

An zabi shi don Kyautar Future Awards Africa 2019 don Fim kuma an jera shi cikin manyan daraktocin fina-finai na Nollywood na 2020 .  A cikin 2023, an san shi da jagorantar Wani abu kamar Gold, [[Áfáméfúnà: Labarin Nwa Boi|''Afamefuna'']] da Far From Home .

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

* Dognapped (2017) 
* ''[[This Lady Called Life|Wannan Uwargidan da ake kira Rayuwa]]'' (2020) 
* ''[[Oga Bolaji]]'' (2018) 
* ''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]'' (2020) 
* ''[[Quam's Money|Quams Kudi]]'' (2020) 
* Sugar Rush (2019) 
* ''[[Fate of Alakada|Makomar Alakada]]'' (2020) 
* ''[[The Therapist|Mai warkarwa]]'' (2021) 
* ''[[Ponzi]]'' (2021) 
* ''Ƙauna ce Yellow'' (2020) 
* ''Fuskar Fuskar'' (2020) 
* ''Kashe Jade''
* ''Matakai''
* ''Ba a Rarraba ba'' (2019-2020) 
* Dwindle (2021) 
* ''[[Soole]]''  (2021) 
* ''[[Wani abu Kamar Zinariya]]''  (2023) 
* Áfáméfùnà: An Nwa Boi Story  (2023) 
* [[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|''Daga Gida'']]  (2022) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2022-11-08 |title=RMD, Funke Akindele Bello, Mike Afolarin &amp; Genoveva Umeh star in Netflix's Young Adult Series &quot;Far From Home&quot; {{!}} Exclusive Photos + Teaser |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/11/netflix-nigerian-young-adult-show-far-from-home/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[One Too Many (fim na 2022)|''Ɗaya da yawa'']] (2022) 
* ''Egun'' (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark Secrets and Dire Consequences: “Egun” Set to Grace the Big Screen |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/dark-secrets-and-dire-consequences-egun-set-to-grace-the-big-screen/ |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ginin jariri'' (2025) 

== Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Fim din
!Sakamakon
!Ref
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]
|Daraktan Shekara
|''Oga Bolaji''|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2019
|Kyaututtuka na gaba a Afirka
|Kyautar Yin Fim
|
|An zabi shi
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Daraktan Shekara
|''Wannan Uwargidan da ake kira Rayuwa''|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|''Gudun sukari''|{{Nom}}
|-
|2022
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Mafi Kyawun Marubuci
|''Wannan Uwargidan da ake kira Rayuwa''|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2023
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Editan Sauti mafi kyau
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Obara' M''|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
|-
|Mafi kyawun Sauti|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Fim
|''Tsibirin Owo''|{{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Shirye-shiryen Talabijin
|''Lokacin da muke yin aure''|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2024
|[[Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2024|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]]
|Darakta Mafi Kyawu
|[[Áfáméfúnà: Labarin Nwa Boi|Afamefuna]]|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2025
|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka
|Mai farawa
||{{Won}}
|
|-
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]]
* [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]]
[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Steve Gukas</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375934606|Steve Gukas]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Steve Gukas''' Mai shirya fim-finai ne na [[Nollywood]],  [[Darakta|darektan]] kuma furodusa wanda ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da fina-fakkaatu don magance matsalolin al'umma. 

== Ilimi ==
Gukas ta yi karatun samar da talabijin a Kwalejin NTA TV a [[Jos]], Fasaha ta Wasanni a [[Jami'ar Jos]] da samar da Fim a Makarantar Fim ta London, Ingila. 

== Ayyuka ==
Shi tsohon manajan darakta ne na gidan rediyo na Najeriya, WE FM . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Iwenwanne |first=Valentine |date=December 5, 2019 |title=SHE WANTS TO PREVENT NIGERIANS FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH |url=https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/a-blood-donation-mobile-app-attacks-a-desperate-need/245064/ |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Ozy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2002, ya ba da umarnin fim din &quot;Keeping Faith&quot;. A shekara ta 2007, ya samar da fim din, &quot;Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation&quot;, wanda ke nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka, Danny Glover;  shi ne aikinsa na farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;F&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Esene |first=Isime |date=September 24, 2016 |title=PODCAST: Why Steve Gukas is very afraid for the future of Nollywood, and why you should probably be scared too |url=https://ynaija.com/podcast-steve-gukas-afraid-future-nollywood-probably-scared/ |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=YNaija}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2014, an saki fim din da ya shirya kuma ya samar, &quot;A Place in the Stars&quot;. An samar da fim din ne don girmama [[Dora Akunyili]], marigayi Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Kasa|Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Kasa (NAFDAC)]] , wanda ya yi yaƙi da samarwa, tallace-tallace da amfani da magunguna a Najeriya. Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]], [[Dejumo Lewis]], [[Matilda Obaseki]], [[Gideon Okeke]], [[Yemi Blaq]] da Femi Branch. Daga baya, a 2015 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA), fim din ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Movie (Drama). 

A cikin 2016, ya ba da umarnin fim din, &quot;93 Days&quot;, fim din da aka kirkira don tunawa da [[Ameyo Adadevoh|Dokta Stella Ameyo Adadevoh]], marigayi likitan Najeriya wanda tare da sauran ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], ya taimaka wajen dakatar da yaduwar [[Ebola virus|Kwayar cutar Ebola]] a Najeriya ta hanyar sadaukar da kanta ga aikin a cikin 2014. Fim din ya nuna 'yan wasan [[Nollywood]] da [[Bimbo Akintola]], [[Danny Glover]], [[Seun Ajayi]], Keppy Ekpeyong da [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why '93 Days' is one of the most important movies ever made |url=http://venturesafrica.com/features/why-93-days-is-one-of-the-most-important-movies-ever-made/ |access-date=October 25, 2020 |publisher=Ventures Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Emma |date=April 4, 2020 |title=Plagues, zombies and vampires: How Hollywood handles deadly viruses |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52149061 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kazeem |first=Yomi |date=January 8, 2016 |title=A movie based on the life of Nigeria's Ebola heroine is getting flak from her family |url=https://qz.com/africa/587822/a-movie-based-on-the-life-of-nigerias-ebola-heroine-is-getting-flak-from-her-family/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=QuartzAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din yana gudana a kan [[Netflix|NETFLIX]].   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=October 15, 2019 |title=EBOLA CRISIS-INSPIRED DRAMA '93 DAYS' IS COMING TO NETFLIX THIS OCTOBER |url=https://culturecustodian.com/ebola-crisis-inspired-drama-93-days-is-coming-to-netflix-this-october/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Culture Custodian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=March 4, 2020 |title=The Best Nollywood Films Streaming on Netflix Right Now |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/the-best-nollywood-films-to-watch-on-netflix/?rebelltitem=5#rebelltitem5 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Okay Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=March 30, 2020 |title=Your Netflix Bragging Rights List: 15 Must-See Films Hiding In Plain Sight |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/your-netflix-bragging-rights-list-15-must-see-films-hiding-in-plain-sight-2202931 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din, tare da wasu biyu (&quot;''[[Isokin|Isoken]]''&quot; da &quot;The Bridge&quot;) sune fina-finai na farko da za a nuna a cikin shirin &quot;''Nollywood a Hollywood''&quot; na farko.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2018 |title=Nollywood Shines Under the Hollywood Stars |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/03/27/1453401/0/en/Nollywood-Shines-Under-the-Hollywood-Stars.html |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Globe Newswire}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Claudia |date=March 27, 2020 |title=COVID-19: 'The Flu', 'Pandemic' and other coronavirus related films on Netflix |url=https://en.as.com/en/2020/03/27/other_sports/1585318242_776757.html |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=En As}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=June 7, 2020 |title='Our films will make the world see why Africa is special' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2020/jun/07/our-films-will-make-the-world-see-why-africa-is-special-the-delivery-boy-nodash-netflix-jammal-18805.html |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Cinema Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din ya fara ne a farkon watan Satumbar 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto  da kuma bikin fina-fukkin kasa da kasa da Chicago. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Chris |date=September 15, 2016 |title=Outbreak Gets Nollywood Treatment |url=https://www.voanews.com/arts-culture/nigerias-ebola-outbreak-gets-nollywood-treatment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815025022/https://www.voanews.com/arts-culture/nigerias-ebola-outbreak-gets-nollywood-treatment |archive-date=August 15, 2020 |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=[[VOA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma samar da, &quot;Keeping The Faith&quot; da &quot;Mr. Johnson&quot;. Shi, kuma yana so ya yi fim a babban birnin Jihar Plateau na Najeriya, Jos . 

Ya kasance daga cikin masu tattaunawa a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Rapid Lion na Afirka ta Kudu na 2017 inda mahalarta suka tattauna halin yanzu da makomar fina-fakka na Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2017 |title=African filmmakers discuss the state of African cinema |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/african-filmmakers-discuss-the-state-of-african-cinema |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Brand South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwar fim din wanda ya haifar da [[Nollywood]] na Najeriya, mai taken &quot;Living in Bondage&quot;,  wanda aka samar da shi a shekarar 1992, wanda a cewar [[Ramsey Nouah]], darektan fim din da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo dangane da Gukas, yana da &quot;sunan yin manyan ayyukan&quot;. Fim din ya nuna 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar [[Kenneth Okonkwo]], [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] da [[Bob-Manuel Udokwu]], [[Enyinna Nwigwe]] da [[Kalu Ikeagwu]].

A cikin lambobin yabo na [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] 2020, don fim din 2019, &quot;Living in Bondage&quot;,  ya lashe kyautar &quot;Best Movie West Africa&quot;, tare da kyautar kuɗi na N1,000,000, ta hanyar Clorets, don tallafawa masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2020 |title=Gloria Sarfo speaks on AMVCA nomination |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Gloria-Sarfo-speaks-on-AMVCA-nomination-860011 |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Ghana Web}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2020 |title=EVENTS#AMVCA7: It was All Fun at the Clorets Booth |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/04/clorets-amvca/ |access-date=October 25, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kudita |first=Admire |date=March 20, 2020 |title=Glamorous African Magic Viewers' Choice Awards |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2020/03/20/glamorous-african-magic-viewers-choice-awards/ |access-date=October 26, 2020 |publisher=Zimbabwe Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sera Gamble</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:39:38Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nura Bello</username>
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      <text bytes="7196" sha1="j3nbf84h583f4ugw4spfndkv36ioraa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Sera Gamble''' marubuciya ce ta talabijin kuma furodusa,wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a kan jerin Rayuwa/Netflix ''Kai'', jerin Syfy ''The Magicians'' da CW jerin ''Supernatural''.

== Rayuwar farko da ta sirri ==
An haife ta ne a Birnin New York,Gamble ta ɗan girma ne a Cincinnati kafin ta koma Redlands,California.Ta sauke karatu ta daga UCLA School of Theater,Film da Television.

Gamble [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne,kuma a baya an yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Simon Glickman &quot;Yahudawa Masu Zafafawa&quot;.

Gamble ya auri Eric Weiss.An yi bikin aurensu a watan Satumbar 2019.  A halin yanzu,suna zaune a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].

== Sana'a ==
Kafin ya juya zuwa fim da talabijin, Gamble ya yi tauraro a cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen ''Will Strip don Abinci'' a Los Angeles da Dublin, Ireland. Ta ƙirƙira kuma ta yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Hauwa'u na Aljanna'' wanda Raelle Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ta kuma taka rawa a wani gajeren fim wanda Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, mai suna ''The Clay Man'' ; fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labari na Gamble. 

Gamble ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa na gajerun almara na wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da labarun da mujallar ''Washington Square'' ta buga, a kan jijiya.com, da kuma anthologyized a cikin 2006  da 2007  bugu na ''The Best American Erotica'' da &quot;duhu, gothic&quot;tarin ''Cizon'' . 

=== Talabijin ===
Aikin Gamble a Hollywood ya fara ne lokacin da ta fito a matsayin ƴan wasan ƙarshe a kakar ''Greenlight'' na biyu a shekara ta 2003.An dauke ta a matsayin marubuci a jerin ''Ido'' na ABC na gajeren lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Jim Beaver, Sera Gamble, Ben Edlund (3758742681).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
Bayan sokewar jerin,an ɗauke ta a matsayin marubuciya kuma editan labari akan jerin CW ''Supernatural''. Gamble ya kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar rubuce-rubuce akan ''Supernatural'' na farkon lokutan bakwai na farko.Ta ba da gudummawar wasu rubuce-rubuce talatin don jerin shirye-shiryen kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai gabatarwa a kakar wasa ta biyar.A karshen kakar wasa ta biyar, mahalicci Eric Kripke ya sauka a matsayin shugaban marubucin jerin kuma Gamble aka zaba a matsayin magajinsa.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa na jerin shirye-shiryen farawa da kakar wasa ta shida, kuma ta ƙare da ƙarshen kakar na bakwai. 

Gamble ta zaɓi yin murabus daga matsayinta na mai gabatarwa kuma mai gabatarwa a kan ''Supernatural'' a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bakwai don&quot;mayar da hankali kan haɓaka wasu kayan&quot;don Warner Bros.Talabijin,gami da matukan jirgi na ABC da The CW talabijin cibiyoyin sadarwa.An maye gurbin ta da ''kasancewar ɗan adam'' mai zartarwa Jeremy Carver,wanda ya yi aiki akan ''Supernatural'' daga yanayi 3 zuwa 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;TV Fanatic&quot; /&gt;

Gamble ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci kuma mai gabatarwa na lokaci biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na NBC ''Aquarius.''Ta fito a cikin rawar cameo a cikin episode 7 na kakar wasa daya.Yayin aiki tare a kan ''Aquarius'',ita da John McNamara sun haɗa kai da kuma zartarwa sun samar da daidaitawar talabijin na Lev Grossman's New York Times bestselling novel ''The Magicians'' for the Syfy network.Tare da McNamara,tana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin.An sabunta ''masu sihiri'' don kakar wasa ta biyu a cikin 2016, yanayi na uku a cikin 2017,kakar wasa ta huɗu a cikin 2018 da kakar ta biyar wacce aka fara ranar 15 ga Janairu,2020.    A cikin Maris 2020,Syfy ta sanar da cewa kakar wasa ta biyar za ta kasance kakar wasan karshe.

Yayin aiki tare akan ''Aquarius,''Gamble, John McNamara da Alexandra Cunningham sun kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki,Fabrication.Taswirar ci gaban kera na yanzu ya haɗa da daidaitawar ''Sarakunan Lizard'' da ''Masu Lallashi.q''&lt;ref name=&quot;FabricationInfo&quot; /&gt;

Gamble da Greg Berlanti sun haɗu tare da zartarwa suna samar da karbuwar talabijin na littafin Caroline Kepnes mafi kyawun ''ku''.A halin yanzu,Gamble yana aiki a matsayin farkon mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen.An fara sabunta ''ku'' don yanayi na biyu ta Rayuwa kafin lokacin farkon ya fito.Lokacin farkon ''ku'' ya fara watsa shirye-shirye akan Rayuwa a cikin Satumba 2018,yana samun ingantattun bita daga New York Times,New Yorker,da Los Angeles Times.  A ranar 3 ga Disamba,2018,an ba da sanarwar cewa jerin za su ƙaura zuwa Netflix a matsayin taken&quot;Netflix Original&quot;,gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta biyu,bayan Rayuwa ta sake komawa kan yarjejeniyar sabuntawa.  An saki kakar ta biyu ta musamman akan Netflix a ranar 26 ga Disamba,2019.  A ranar 14 ga Janairu,2020,Netflix ya sabunta ''ku'' na karo na uku.An sake kakar wasa ta uku a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2021.  A cikin Oktoba 2021, gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta uku,an sabunta jerin shirye-shiryen na karo na hudu.
[[Fayil:Eric Kripke &amp; Sera Gamble (4852306360).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
A cikin Janairu 2021,an ba da sanarwar cewa Gamble da Berlanti za su sake haduwa don haɓaka jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin dangane da novel ''Providence'' ta Kepnes don ''Peacock''.

== Filmography ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Marubuci
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Mutumin Clay''
| 2004 |{{Yes|Story}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Wanene ke Waƙar Wa?''
| 2008 |{{Yes}}
|
|}

=== Talabijin ===
Lambobin da ke cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa suna nufin adadin abubuwan da aka yi.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Maɓalli
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | {{Dagger|alt=Television programs that have not yet aired}}
| Yana nuna shirye-shiryen talabijin waɗanda ba a watsa ba tukuna.
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Cibiyar sadarwa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Mahalicci
! Marubuci
! Gudanarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Mai gabatarwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Idanu''
| 2005 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (2)|{{No}}
| ABC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''allahntaka''
| 2005-12 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (29)|{{Yes}}
| Farashin WB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Farashin CW
| Editan labari {{Small|(season 1)}}, editan labarin zartarwa {{Small|(season 2)}}, furodusa {{Small|(season 3)}}, mai sa ido {{Small|(season 4)}}, mai gabatarwa {{Small|(season 5–7)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Garin Kamfanin''
| 2013 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Farashin CW
| matukin jirgi mara siyar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Aquarius''
| 2015-16 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (5)|{{Yes}}
| NBC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Masu sihiri''
| 2015-20 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}} (15)|{{Yes}}
| Sfy
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kai''
| 2018 - yanzu |{{Yes|Developer}}|{{Yes}} (7)|{{Yes}}
| Rayuwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Netflix
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Na zahiri''
| 2021 |{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}}
| Apple TV+
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''Providence'' †
| TBA 
||{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Dawisu
|}

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin hadi na waje==

* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>j3nbf84h583f4ugw4spfndkv36ioraa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971252</id>
      <parentid>971251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:40:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971252</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7207" sha1="cx7iwz3yoytov1q4gd1llr2p0bpag7e" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Sera Gamble''' marubuciya ce ta talabijin kuma furodusa,wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a kan jerin Rayuwa/Netflix ''Kai'', jerin Syfy ''The Magicians'' da CW jerin ''Supernatural''.

== Rayuwar farko da ta sirri ==
An haife ta ne a Birnin New York,Gamble ta ɗan girma ne a Cincinnati kafin ta koma Redlands,California.Ta sauke karatu ta daga UCLA School of Theater,Film da Television.

Gamble [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne,kuma a baya an yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Simon Glickman &quot;Yahudawa Masu Zafafawa&quot;.

Gamble ya auri Eric Weiss.An yi bikin aurensu a watan Satumbar a shekarar 2019.  A halin yanzu,suna zaune a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].

== Sana'a ==
Kafin ya juya zuwa fim da talabijin, Gamble ya yi tauraro a cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen ''Will Strip don Abinci'' a Los Angeles da Dublin, Ireland. Ta ƙirƙira kuma ta yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Hauwa'u na Aljanna'' wanda Raelle Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ta kuma taka rawa a wani gajeren fim wanda Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, mai suna ''The Clay Man'' ; fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labari na Gamble. 

Gamble ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa na gajerun almara na wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da labarun da mujallar ''Washington Square'' ta buga, a kan jijiya.com, da kuma anthologyized a cikin 2006  da 2007  bugu na ''The Best American Erotica'' da &quot;duhu, gothic&quot;tarin ''Cizon'' . 

=== Talabijin ===
Aikin Gamble a Hollywood ya fara ne lokacin da ta fito a matsayin ƴan wasan ƙarshe a kakar ''Greenlight'' na biyu a shekara ta 2003.An dauke ta a matsayin marubuci a jerin ''Ido'' na ABC na gajeren lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Jim Beaver, Sera Gamble, Ben Edlund (3758742681).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
Bayan sokewar jerin,an ɗauke ta a matsayin marubuciya kuma editan labari akan jerin CW ''Supernatural''. Gamble ya kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar rubuce-rubuce akan ''Supernatural'' na farkon lokutan bakwai na farko.Ta ba da gudummawar wasu rubuce-rubuce talatin don jerin shirye-shiryen kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai gabatarwa a kakar wasa ta biyar.A karshen kakar wasa ta biyar, mahalicci Eric Kripke ya sauka a matsayin shugaban marubucin jerin kuma Gamble aka zaba a matsayin magajinsa.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa na jerin shirye-shiryen farawa da kakar wasa ta shida, kuma ta ƙare da ƙarshen kakar na bakwai. 

Gamble ta zaɓi yin murabus daga matsayinta na mai gabatarwa kuma mai gabatarwa a kan ''Supernatural'' a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bakwai don&quot;mayar da hankali kan haɓaka wasu kayan&quot;don Warner Bros.Talabijin,gami da matukan jirgi na ABC da The CW talabijin cibiyoyin sadarwa.An maye gurbin ta da ''kasancewar ɗan adam'' mai zartarwa Jeremy Carver,wanda ya yi aiki akan ''Supernatural'' daga yanayi 3 zuwa 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;TV Fanatic&quot; /&gt;

Gamble ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci kuma mai gabatarwa na lokaci biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na NBC ''Aquarius.''Ta fito a cikin rawar cameo a cikin episode 7 na kakar wasa daya.Yayin aiki tare a kan ''Aquarius'',ita da John McNamara sun haɗa kai da kuma zartarwa sun samar da daidaitawar talabijin na Lev Grossman's New York Times bestselling novel ''The Magicians'' for the Syfy network.Tare da McNamara,tana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin.An sabunta ''masu sihiri'' don kakar wasa ta biyu a cikin 2016, yanayi na uku a cikin 2017,kakar wasa ta huɗu a cikin 2018 da kakar ta biyar wacce aka fara ranar 15 ga Janairu,2020.    A cikin Maris 2020,Syfy ta sanar da cewa kakar wasa ta biyar za ta kasance kakar wasan karshe.

Yayin aiki tare akan ''Aquarius,''Gamble, John McNamara da Alexandra Cunningham sun kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki,Fabrication.Taswirar ci gaban kera na yanzu ya haɗa da daidaitawar ''Sarakunan Lizard'' da ''Masu Lallashi.q''&lt;ref name=&quot;FabricationInfo&quot; /&gt;

Gamble da Greg Berlanti sun haɗu tare da zartarwa suna samar da karbuwar talabijin na littafin Caroline Kepnes mafi kyawun ''ku''.A halin yanzu,Gamble yana aiki a matsayin farkon mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen.An fara sabunta ''ku'' don yanayi na biyu ta Rayuwa kafin lokacin farkon ya fito.Lokacin farkon ''ku'' ya fara watsa shirye-shirye akan Rayuwa a cikin Satumba 2018,yana samun ingantattun bita daga New York Times,New Yorker,da Los Angeles Times.  A ranar 3 ga Disamba,2018,an ba da sanarwar cewa jerin za su ƙaura zuwa Netflix a matsayin taken&quot;Netflix Original&quot;,gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta biyu,bayan Rayuwa ta sake komawa kan yarjejeniyar sabuntawa.  An saki kakar ta biyu ta musamman akan Netflix a ranar 26 ga Disamba,2019.  A ranar 14 ga Janairu,2020,Netflix ya sabunta ''ku'' na karo na uku.An sake kakar wasa ta uku a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2021.  A cikin Oktoba 2021, gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta uku,an sabunta jerin shirye-shiryen na karo na hudu.
[[Fayil:Eric Kripke &amp; Sera Gamble (4852306360).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
A cikin Janairu 2021,an ba da sanarwar cewa Gamble da Berlanti za su sake haduwa don haɓaka jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin dangane da novel ''Providence'' ta Kepnes don ''Peacock''.

== Filmography ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Marubuci
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Mutumin Clay''
| 2004 |{{Yes|Story}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Wanene ke Waƙar Wa?''
| 2008 |{{Yes}}
|
|}

=== Talabijin ===
Lambobin da ke cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa suna nufin adadin abubuwan da aka yi.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Maɓalli
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | {{Dagger|alt=Television programs that have not yet aired}}
| Yana nuna shirye-shiryen talabijin waɗanda ba a watsa ba tukuna.
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Cibiyar sadarwa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Mahalicci
! Marubuci
! Gudanarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Mai gabatarwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Idanu''
| 2005 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (2)|{{No}}
| ABC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''allahntaka''
| 2005-12 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (29)|{{Yes}}
| Farashin WB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Farashin CW
| Editan labari {{Small|(season 1)}}, editan labarin zartarwa {{Small|(season 2)}}, furodusa {{Small|(season 3)}}, mai sa ido {{Small|(season 4)}}, mai gabatarwa {{Small|(season 5–7)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Garin Kamfanin''
| 2013 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Farashin CW
| matukin jirgi mara siyar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Aquarius''
| 2015-16 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (5)|{{Yes}}
| NBC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Masu sihiri''
| 2015-20 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}} (15)|{{Yes}}
| Sfy
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kai''
| 2018 - yanzu |{{Yes|Developer}}|{{Yes}} (7)|{{Yes}}
| Rayuwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Netflix
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Na zahiri''
| 2021 |{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}}
| Apple TV+
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''Providence'' †
| TBA 
||{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Dawisu
|}

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin hadi na waje==

* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>cx7iwz3yoytov1q4gd1llr2p0bpag7e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971254</id>
      <parentid>971252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:43:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>971254</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7217" sha1="88gqot6vmm0q006v7b20imdbnixit0o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Sera Gamble''' marubuciya ce ta talabijin kuma furodusa,wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a kan jerin Rayuwa/Netflix ''Kai'', jerin Syfy ''The Magicians'' da CW jerin ''Supernatural''.

== Rayuwar farko da ta sirri ==
An haife ta ne a Birnin New York,Gamble ta ɗan girma ne a Cincinnati kafin ta koma Redlands,California.Ta sauke karatu ta daga UCLA School of Theater,Film da Television.

Gamble [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne,kuma a baya an yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Simon Glickman &quot;Yahudawa Masu Zafafawa&quot;.

Gamble ya auri Eric Weiss.An yi bikin aurensu a watan Satumbar a shekarar 2019.  A halin yanzu,suna zaune a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].

== Sana'a ==
Kafin ta juya zuwa fim da talabijin, Gamble ta zama tauraro wa a cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen ''Will Strip don Abinci'' a Los Angeles da Dublin, Ireland. Ta ƙirƙira kuma ta zama tauraro wa a cikin shirin ''Hauwa'u na Aljanna'' wanda Raelle Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ta kuma taka rawa a wani gajeren fim wanda Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, mai suna ''The Clay Man'' ; fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labari na Gamble. 

Gamble ya wallafa ayyuka da yawa na gajerun almara na wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da labarun da mujallar ''Washington Square'' ta buga, a kan jijiya.com, da kuma anthologyized a cikin 2006  da 2007  bugu na ''The Best American Erotica'' da &quot;duhu, gothic&quot;tarin ''Cizon'' . 

=== Talabijin ===
Aikin Gamble a Hollywood ya fara ne lokacin da ta fito a matsayin ƴan wasan ƙarshe a kakar ''Greenlight'' na biyu a shekara ta 2003.An dauke ta a matsayin marubuci a jerin ''Ido'' na ABC na gajeren lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Jim Beaver, Sera Gamble, Ben Edlund (3758742681).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
Bayan sokewar jerin,an ɗauke ta a matsayin marubuciya kuma editan labari akan jerin CW ''Supernatural''. Gamble ya kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar rubuce-rubuce akan ''Supernatural'' na farkon lokutan bakwai na farko.Ta ba da gudummawar wasu rubuce-rubuce talatin don jerin shirye-shiryen kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai gabatarwa a kakar wasa ta biyar.A karshen kakar wasa ta biyar, mahalicci Eric Kripke ya sauka a matsayin shugaban marubucin jerin kuma Gamble aka zaba a matsayin magajinsa.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa na jerin shirye-shiryen farawa da kakar wasa ta shida, kuma ta ƙare da ƙarshen kakar na bakwai. 

Gamble ta zaɓi yin murabus daga matsayinta na mai gabatarwa kuma mai gabatarwa a kan ''Supernatural'' a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bakwai don&quot;mayar da hankali kan haɓaka wasu kayan&quot;don Warner Bros.Talabijin,gami da matukan jirgi na ABC da The CW talabijin cibiyoyin sadarwa.An maye gurbin ta da ''kasancewar ɗan adam'' mai zartarwa Jeremy Carver,wanda ya yi aiki akan ''Supernatural'' daga yanayi 3 zuwa 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;TV Fanatic&quot; /&gt;

Gamble ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci kuma mai gabatarwa na lokaci biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na NBC ''Aquarius.''Ta fito a cikin rawar cameo a cikin episode 7 na kakar wasa daya.Yayin aiki tare a kan ''Aquarius'',ita da John McNamara sun haɗa kai da kuma zartarwa sun samar da daidaitawar talabijin na Lev Grossman's New York Times bestselling novel ''The Magicians'' for the Syfy network.Tare da McNamara,tana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin.An sabunta ''masu sihiri'' don kakar wasa ta biyu a cikin 2016, yanayi na uku a cikin 2017,kakar wasa ta huɗu a cikin 2018 da kakar ta biyar wacce aka fara ranar 15 ga Janairu,2020.    A cikin Maris 2020,Syfy ta sanar da cewa kakar wasa ta biyar za ta kasance kakar wasan karshe.

Yayin aiki tare akan ''Aquarius,''Gamble, John McNamara da Alexandra Cunningham sun kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki,Fabrication.Taswirar ci gaban kera na yanzu ya haɗa da daidaitawar ''Sarakunan Lizard'' da ''Masu Lallashi.q''&lt;ref name=&quot;FabricationInfo&quot; /&gt;

Gamble da Greg Berlanti sun haɗu tare da zartarwa suna samar da karbuwar talabijin na littafin Caroline Kepnes mafi kyawun ''ku''.A halin yanzu,Gamble yana aiki a matsayin farkon mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen.An fara sabunta ''ku'' don yanayi na biyu ta Rayuwa kafin lokacin farkon ya fito.Lokacin farkon ''ku'' ya fara watsa shirye-shirye akan Rayuwa a cikin Satumba 2018,yana samun ingantattun bita daga New York Times,New Yorker,da Los Angeles Times.  A ranar 3 ga Disamba,2018,an ba da sanarwar cewa jerin za su ƙaura zuwa Netflix a matsayin taken&quot;Netflix Original&quot;,gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta biyu,bayan Rayuwa ta sake komawa kan yarjejeniyar sabuntawa.  An saki kakar ta biyu ta musamman akan Netflix a ranar 26 ga Disamba,2019.  A ranar 14 ga Janairu,2020,Netflix ya sabunta ''ku'' na karo na uku.An sake kakar wasa ta uku a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2021.  A cikin Oktoba 2021, gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta uku,an sabunta jerin shirye-shiryen na karo na hudu.
[[Fayil:Eric Kripke &amp; Sera Gamble (4852306360).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
A cikin Janairu 2021,an ba da sanarwar cewa Gamble da Berlanti za su sake haduwa don haɓaka jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin dangane da novel ''Providence'' ta Kepnes don ''Peacock''.

== Filmography ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Marubuci
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Mutumin Clay''
| 2004 |{{Yes|Story}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Wanene ke Waƙar Wa?''
| 2008 |{{Yes}}
|
|}

=== Talabijin ===
Lambobin da ke cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa suna nufin adadin abubuwan da aka yi.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Maɓalli
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | {{Dagger|alt=Television programs that have not yet aired}}
| Yana nuna shirye-shiryen talabijin waɗanda ba a watsa ba tukuna.
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Cibiyar sadarwa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Mahalicci
! Marubuci
! Gudanarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Mai gabatarwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Idanu''
| 2005 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (2)|{{No}}
| ABC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''allahntaka''
| 2005-12 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (29)|{{Yes}}
| Farashin WB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Farashin CW
| Editan labari {{Small|(season 1)}}, editan labarin zartarwa {{Small|(season 2)}}, furodusa {{Small|(season 3)}}, mai sa ido {{Small|(season 4)}}, mai gabatarwa {{Small|(season 5–7)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Garin Kamfanin''
| 2013 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Farashin CW
| matukin jirgi mara siyar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Aquarius''
| 2015-16 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (5)|{{Yes}}
| NBC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Masu sihiri''
| 2015-20 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}} (15)|{{Yes}}
| Sfy
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kai''
| 2018 - yanzu |{{Yes|Developer}}|{{Yes}} (7)|{{Yes}}
| Rayuwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Netflix
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Na zahiri''
| 2021 |{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}}
| Apple TV+
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''Providence'' †
| TBA 
||{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Dawisu
|}

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin hadi na waje==

* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>88gqot6vmm0q006v7b20imdbnixit0o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971255</id>
      <parentid>971254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:45:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>971255</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7240" sha1="radi2uxgjc0b0iuzua3w8amns0lwztc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Sera Gamble''' marubuciya ce ta talabijin kuma furodusa,wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a kan jerin Rayuwa/Netflix ''Kai'', jerin Syfy ''The Magicians'' da CW jerin ''Supernatural''.

== Rayuwar farko da ta sirri ==
An haife ta ne a Birnin New York,Gamble ta ɗan girma ne a Cincinnati kafin ta koma Redlands,California.Ta sauke karatu ta daga UCLA School of Theater,Film da Television.

Gamble [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne,kuma a baya an yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Simon Glickman &quot;Yahudawa Masu Zafafawa&quot;.

Gamble ya auri Eric Weiss.An yi bikin aurensu a watan Satumbar a shekarar 2019.  A halin yanzu,suna zaune a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].

== Sana'a ==
Kafin ta juya zuwa fim da talabijin, Gamble ta zama tauraro wa a cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen ''Will Strip don Abinci'' a Los Angeles da Dublin, Ireland. Ta ƙirƙiri kuma ta zama tauraro wa a cikin shirin ''Hauwa'u na Aljanna'' wanda Raelle Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ta kuma taka rawa a wani gajeren fim wanda Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, mai suna ''The Clay Man'' ; fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labari na Gamble. 

Gamble ta wallafa ayyuka da yawa na gajerun almara na wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da labarun da mujallar ''Washington Square'' ta buga, a kan jijiya.com, da kuma anthologyized a cikin shekarar 2006  da koma shekarar 2007  bugu na ''The Best American Erotica'' da &quot;duhu, gothic&quot;tarin ''Cizon'' . 

=== Talabijin ===
Aikin Gamble a Hollywood ya fara ne lokacin da ta fito a matsayin ƴan wasan ƙarshe a kakar ''Greenlight'' na biyu a shekara ta 2003.An dauke ta a matsayin marubuci a jerin ''Ido'' na ABC na gajeren lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Jim Beaver, Sera Gamble, Ben Edlund (3758742681).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
Bayan sokewar jerin,an ɗauke ta a matsayin marubuciya kuma editan labari akan jerin CW ''Supernatural''. Gamble ya kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar rubuce-rubuce akan ''Supernatural'' na farkon lokutan bakwai na farko.Ta ba da gudummawar wasu rubuce-rubuce talatin don jerin shirye-shiryen kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai gabatarwa a kakar wasa ta biyar.A karshen kakar wasa ta biyar, mahalicci Eric Kripke ya sauka a matsayin shugaban marubucin jerin kuma Gamble aka zaba a matsayin magajinsa.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa na jerin shirye-shiryen farawa da kakar wasa ta shida, kuma ta ƙare da ƙarshen kakar na bakwai. 

Gamble ta zaɓi yin murabus daga matsayinta na mai gabatarwa kuma mai gabatarwa a kan ''Supernatural'' a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bakwai don&quot;mayar da hankali kan haɓaka wasu kayan&quot;don Warner Bros.Talabijin,gami da matukan jirgi na ABC da The CW talabijin cibiyoyin sadarwa.An maye gurbin ta da ''kasancewar ɗan adam'' mai zartarwa Jeremy Carver,wanda ya yi aiki akan ''Supernatural'' daga yanayi 3 zuwa 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;TV Fanatic&quot; /&gt;

Gamble ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci kuma mai gabatarwa na lokaci biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na NBC ''Aquarius.''Ta fito a cikin rawar cameo a cikin episode 7 na kakar wasa daya.Yayin aiki tare a kan ''Aquarius'',ita da John McNamara sun haɗa kai da kuma zartarwa sun samar da daidaitawar talabijin na Lev Grossman's New York Times bestselling novel ''The Magicians'' for the Syfy network.Tare da McNamara,tana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin.An sabunta ''masu sihiri'' don kakar wasa ta biyu a cikin 2016, yanayi na uku a cikin 2017,kakar wasa ta huɗu a cikin 2018 da kakar ta biyar wacce aka fara ranar 15 ga Janairu,2020.    A cikin Maris 2020,Syfy ta sanar da cewa kakar wasa ta biyar za ta kasance kakar wasan karshe.

Yayin aiki tare akan ''Aquarius,''Gamble, John McNamara da Alexandra Cunningham sun kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki,Fabrication.Taswirar ci gaban kera na yanzu ya haɗa da daidaitawar ''Sarakunan Lizard'' da ''Masu Lallashi.q''&lt;ref name=&quot;FabricationInfo&quot; /&gt;

Gamble da Greg Berlanti sun haɗu tare da zartarwa suna samar da karbuwar talabijin na littafin Caroline Kepnes mafi kyawun ''ku''.A halin yanzu,Gamble yana aiki a matsayin farkon mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen.An fara sabunta ''ku'' don yanayi na biyu ta Rayuwa kafin lokacin farkon ya fito.Lokacin farkon ''ku'' ya fara watsa shirye-shirye akan Rayuwa a cikin Satumba 2018,yana samun ingantattun bita daga New York Times,New Yorker,da Los Angeles Times.  A ranar 3 ga Disamba,2018,an ba da sanarwar cewa jerin za su ƙaura zuwa Netflix a matsayin taken&quot;Netflix Original&quot;,gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta biyu,bayan Rayuwa ta sake komawa kan yarjejeniyar sabuntawa.  An saki kakar ta biyu ta musamman akan Netflix a ranar 26 ga Disamba,2019.  A ranar 14 ga Janairu,2020,Netflix ya sabunta ''ku'' na karo na uku.An sake kakar wasa ta uku a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2021.  A cikin Oktoba 2021, gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta uku,an sabunta jerin shirye-shiryen na karo na hudu.
[[Fayil:Eric Kripke &amp; Sera Gamble (4852306360).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
A cikin Janairu 2021,an ba da sanarwar cewa Gamble da Berlanti za su sake haduwa don haɓaka jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin dangane da novel ''Providence'' ta Kepnes don ''Peacock''.

== Filmography ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Marubuci
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Mutumin Clay''
| 2004 |{{Yes|Story}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Wanene ke Waƙar Wa?''
| 2008 |{{Yes}}
|
|}

=== Talabijin ===
Lambobin da ke cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa suna nufin adadin abubuwan da aka yi.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Maɓalli
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | {{Dagger|alt=Television programs that have not yet aired}}
| Yana nuna shirye-shiryen talabijin waɗanda ba a watsa ba tukuna.
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Cibiyar sadarwa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Mahalicci
! Marubuci
! Gudanarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Mai gabatarwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Idanu''
| 2005 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (2)|{{No}}
| ABC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''allahntaka''
| 2005-12 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (29)|{{Yes}}
| Farashin WB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Farashin CW
| Editan labari {{Small|(season 1)}}, editan labarin zartarwa {{Small|(season 2)}}, furodusa {{Small|(season 3)}}, mai sa ido {{Small|(season 4)}}, mai gabatarwa {{Small|(season 5–7)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Garin Kamfanin''
| 2013 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Farashin CW
| matukin jirgi mara siyar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Aquarius''
| 2015-16 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (5)|{{Yes}}
| NBC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Masu sihiri''
| 2015-20 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}} (15)|{{Yes}}
| Sfy
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kai''
| 2018 - yanzu |{{Yes|Developer}}|{{Yes}} (7)|{{Yes}}
| Rayuwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Netflix
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Na zahiri''
| 2021 |{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}}
| Apple TV+
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''Providence'' †
| TBA 
||{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Dawisu
|}

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin hadi na waje==

* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>radi2uxgjc0b0iuzua3w8amns0lwztc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971256</id>
      <parentid>971255</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:47:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>971256</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7242" sha1="asdenprm77esryxn6gujl5u7l2gdxbn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Sera Gamble''' marubuciya ce ta talabijin kuma furodusa,wacce aka fi sani da aikinta a kan jerin Rayuwa/Netflix ''Kai'', jerin Syfy ''The Magicians'' da CW jerin ''Supernatural''.

== Rayuwar farko da ta sirri ==
An haife ta ne a Birnin New York,Gamble ta ɗan girma ne a Cincinnati kafin ta koma Redlands,California.Ta sauke karatu ta daga UCLA School of Theater,Film da Television.

Gamble [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ne,kuma a baya an yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Simon Glickman &quot;Yahudawa Masu Zafafawa&quot;.

Gamble ya auri Eric Weiss.An yi bikin aurensu a watan Satumbar a shekarar 2019.  A halin yanzu,suna zaune a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]].

== Sana'a ==
Kafin ta juya zuwa fim da talabijin, Gamble ta zama tauraro wa a cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen ''Will Strip don Abinci'' a Los Angeles da Dublin, Ireland. Ta ƙirƙiri kuma ta zama tauraro wa a cikin shirin ''Hauwa'u na Aljanna'' wanda Raelle Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ta kuma taka rawa a wani gajeren fim wanda Tucker ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, mai suna ''The Clay Man'' ; fim ɗin ya dogara ne akan ɗan gajeren labari na Gamble. 

Gamble ta wallafa ayyuka da yawa na gajerun almara na wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da labarun da mujallar ''Washington Square'' ta buga, a kan jijiya.com, da kuma anthologyized a cikin shekarar 2006  da koma shekarar 2007  bugu na ''The Best American Erotica'' da &quot;duhu, gothic&quot;tarin ''Cizon'' . 

=== Talabijin ===
Aikin Gamble a Hollywood ya fara ne lokacin da ta fito a matsayin ƴan wasan ƙarshe a kakar ''Greenlight'' na biyu a shekara ta 2003.An dauke ta a matsayin marubuci a jerin ''Ido'' na ABC na gajeren lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Jim Beaver, Sera Gamble, Ben Edlund (3758742681).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
Bayan sokewar jerin,an ɗauke ta a matsayin marubuciya kuma editan labari akan jerin CW ''Supernatural''. Gamble ya kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar rubuce-rubuce akan ''Supernatural'' na farkon lokutan bakwai na farko.Ta ba da gudummawar wasu rubuce-rubuce talatin don jerin shirye-shiryen kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai gabatarwa a kakar wasa ta biyar.A karshen kakar wasa ta biyar, mahalicci Eric Kripke ya sauka a matsayin shugaban marubucin jerin kuma Gamble aka zaba a matsayin magajinsa.Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa na jerin shirye-shiryen farawa da kakar wasa ta shida, kuma ta ƙare da ƙarshen kakar na bakwai. 

Gamble ta zaɓi yin murabus daga matsayinta na mai gabatarwa kuma mai gabatarwa a kan ''Supernatural'' a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bakwai don&quot;mayar da hankali kan haɓaka wasu kayan&quot;don Warner Bros.Talabijin,gami da matukan jirgi na ABC da The CW talabijin cibiyoyin sadarwa.An maye gurbin ta da ''kasancewar ɗan adam'' mai zartarwa Jeremy Carver,wanda ya yi aiki akan ''Supernatural'' daga yanayi 3 zuwa 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;TV Fanatic&quot; /&gt;

Gamble ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya kuma mai gabatarwa na lokaci biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na NBC ''Aquarius.''Ta fito a cikin rawar cameo a cikin episode 7 na kakar wasa daya.Yayin aiki tare a kan ''Aquarius'',ita da John McNamara sun haɗa kai da kuma zartarwa sun samar da daidaitawar talabijin na Lev Grossman's New York Times bestselling novel ''The Magicians'' for the Syfy network.Tare da McNamara,tana aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin.An sabunta ''masu sihiri'' don kakar wasa ta biyu a cikin 2016, yanayi na uku a cikin 2017,kakar wasa ta huɗu a cikin 2018 da kakar ta biyar wacce aka fara ranar 15 ga Janairu,2020.    A cikin Maris 2020,Syfy ta sanar da cewa kakar wasa ta biyar za ta kasance kakar wasan karshe.

Yayin aiki tare akan ''Aquarius,''Gamble, John McNamara da Alexandra Cunningham sun kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki,Fabrication.Taswirar ci gaban kera na yanzu ya haɗa da daidaitawar ''Sarakunan Lizard'' da ''Masu Lallashi.q''&lt;ref name=&quot;FabricationInfo&quot; /&gt;

Gamble da Greg Berlanti sun haɗu tare da zartarwa suna samar da karbuwar talabijin na littafin Caroline Kepnes mafi kyawun ''ku''.A halin yanzu,Gamble yana aiki a matsayin farkon mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen.An fara sabunta ''ku'' don yanayi na biyu ta Rayuwa kafin lokacin farkon ya fito.Lokacin farkon ''ku'' ya fara watsa shirye-shirye akan Rayuwa a cikin Satumba 2018,yana samun ingantattun bita daga New York Times,New Yorker,da Los Angeles Times.  A ranar 3 ga Disamba,2018,an ba da sanarwar cewa jerin za su ƙaura zuwa Netflix a matsayin taken&quot;Netflix Original&quot;,gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta biyu,bayan Rayuwa ta sake komawa kan yarjejeniyar sabuntawa.  An saki kakar ta biyu ta musamman akan Netflix a ranar 26 ga Disamba,2019.  A ranar 14 ga Janairu,2020,Netflix ya sabunta ''ku'' na karo na uku.An sake kakar wasa ta uku a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2021.  A cikin Oktoba 2021, gabanin farkon kakar wasa ta uku,an sabunta jerin shirye-shiryen na karo na hudu.
[[Fayil:Eric Kripke &amp; Sera Gamble (4852306360).jpg|thumb|Sera Gamble]]
A cikin Janairu 2021,an ba da sanarwar cewa Gamble da Berlanti za su sake haduwa don haɓaka jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin dangane da novel ''Providence'' ta Kepnes don ''Peacock''.

== Filmography ==

=== Fim ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Marubuci
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Mutumin Clay''
| 2004 |{{Yes|Story}}
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Wanene ke Waƙar Wa?''
| 2008 |{{Yes}}
|
|}

=== Talabijin ===
Lambobin da ke cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa suna nufin adadin abubuwan da aka yi.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Maɓalli
| style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | {{Dagger|alt=Television programs that have not yet aired}}
| Yana nuna shirye-shiryen talabijin waɗanda ba a watsa ba tukuna.
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Take
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Shekara
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | An ƙididdige shi azaman
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Cibiyar sadarwa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Bayanan kula
|-
! Mahalicci
! Marubuci
! Gudanarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Mai gabatarwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Idanu''
| 2005 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (2)|{{No}}
| ABC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''allahntaka''
| 2005-12 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (29)|{{Yes}}
| Farashin WB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Farashin CW
| Editan labari {{Small|(season 1)}}, editan labarin zartarwa {{Small|(season 2)}}, furodusa {{Small|(season 3)}}, mai sa ido {{Small|(season 4)}}, mai gabatarwa {{Small|(season 5–7)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Garin Kamfanin''
| 2013 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Farashin CW
| matukin jirgi mara siyar
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Aquarius''
| 2015-16 |{{No}}|{{Yes}} (5)|{{Yes}}
| NBC
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Masu sihiri''
| 2015-20 |{{Yes}}|{{Yes}} (15)|{{Yes}}
| Sfy
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Kai''
| 2018 - yanzu |{{Yes|Developer}}|{{Yes}} (7)|{{Yes}}
| Rayuwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Netflix
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Na zahiri''
| 2021 |{{No}}|{{No}}|{{Yes}}
| Apple TV+
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''Providence'' †
| TBA 
||{{Yes}}|{{Yes}}
| Dawisu
|}

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin hadi na waje==

* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>asdenprm77esryxn6gujl5u7l2gdxbn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ilimi a Switzerland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>57841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971183</id>
      <parentid>711102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T22:27:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>971183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="9796" sha1="tfzvk6n9op9ltjb0qt01u7nj0vrczeg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Seventh International Conference on Public Education 1938.jpg|thumb|Ilimi a Switzerland]]
sarin [[Karantarwa|ilimi]] a [[Switzerland]] ya bambanta sosai, saboda [[Tsarin Mulki na Switzerland|tsarin mulkin Switzerland]] ya ba da ikon tsarin makarantu musamman ga [[Canton na Switzerland|kananan hukumomi]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar [[Switzerland]] ya kafa ginshiki, wato makarantar firamare wajibi ne ga kowane yaro kuma yana da kyauta a makarantun jiha da kuma cewa kungiyar za ta iya tafiyar da jami'o'i ko tallafawa.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160308215049/http://www.studyinginswitzerland.ch/unibas/university-description?id=2&lt;/ref&gt;

Matsakaicin shekarun makarantar firamare shine kusan shekaru shida a duk cantons amma [[Obwalden]], inda yake shekaru biyar da watanni uku. Bayan makarantun firamare, ɗaliban sun rabu bisa ga iyawarsu da kuma niyyarsu ta hanyar sana'a. Kusan kashi 25% na duk ɗalibai suna zuwa ƙananan makarantun sakandare da manyan makarantu, yawanci bayan shekaru 12 na makaranta gabaɗaya zuwa [[matura]] da aka sani na tarayya ko [[International Baccalaureate|Baccalaureate]] na ilimi wanda ke ba da damar shiga duk jami'o'i.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2018}}&lt;/link&gt; rabu biyu ko fiye da nau'in makaranta, dangane da canton, sun bambanta a cikin ma'auni tsakanin ilimin ka'idar da aiki. Wajibi ne ga dukkan yara su halarci makaranta akalla shekaru 9.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.crus.ch/information-programmes/les-universites-suisses.html?L=1&lt;/ref&gt;

An ba da [[Kyautar Nobel|kyaututtukan Nobel]] da yawa ga masana kimiyyar Switzerland. Kwanan nan [[Vladimir Prelog]], [[Heinrich Rohrer ne adam wata|Heinrich Rohrer]], [[Richard R. Ernst|Richard Ernst]], [[Edmond H. Fischer|Edmond Fischer]], [[Rolf Zinkernagel]], [[Didier Queloz]], [[Michel Mayor]], [[Kurt Wüthrich]], da [[Jack Dubochet|Jacques Dubochet]] sun sami lambobin yabo na nobel a cikin ilimin kimiyya. Gabaɗaya, 113 waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel sun tsaya dangane da Switzerland kuma an ba da lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel sau tara ga ƙungiyoyin da ke zaune a Switzerland. [[Geneva]] ta karbi bakuncin dakin gwaje-gwajen [[Ilimin lissafi|kimiyyar lissafi]] mafi girma a duniya, [[CERN]] . &lt;ref&gt;''Education at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators''. Education at a Glance. OECD Publishing. 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran mahimman cibiyoyin bincike sune Cibiyar [[Empa]] da [[Paul Scherrer Cibiyar|Paul Scherrer]] waɗanda ke cikin yankin ETH.

== Makarantun Firamare ==
[[Fayil:Johann-Pachelbel-Realschule 02.jpg|thumb|Makaranta a Switzerland]]
Tsarin makarantar wajibi yakan haɗa da ilimin firamare ( ''Primarschule'' a [[German language|Jamusanci]], ''école primaire'' a [[Faransanci]], ''scuola primaria / elementare'' a cikin [[Italiyanci]] da ''scola primara'' a cikin [[Harshen Romanci|Romansh]] ) da karatun sakandare I ( ''Sekundarschule'' ko ''Sekundarstufe I'' a cikin Jamusanci, ''na biyu'' na cikin Faransanci da ''scuola secondaria / kafofin watsa labarai'' a cikin Italiyanci da ''scola secundar'' a cikin Romansh). Kafin haka, yara gabaɗaya suna zuwa ''[[Kindergarten]]'', tare da shekara ɗaya ko biyu ana buƙata a yawancin cantons. A cikin Canton na Ticino, akwai zaɓi na zaɓi, shekara ta uku don yara masu shekaru uku. A wasu canton da ke magana da Jamusanci makarantar kindergarten da shekara ɗaya ko biyu na farko ana iya haɗa su zuwa ''Grundstufe'' ko ''Basisstufe'' inda ake koyar da su tare a aji ɗaya. A cikin harshen faransanci ana haɗa kindergarten na canton zuwa ''zagaye na shekaru huɗu na farko'' ko ''zagaye na 1'' wanda ke biye da shi na shekara huɗu ''na primaire 2'' ko ''zagaye na 2'' wanda ya kammala makarantar firamare. &lt;ref name=&quot;educa&quot;&gt;[http://swisseducation.educa.ch/en/compulsory-education-0 Swiss education server - Compulsory education] {{Webarchive}} accessed 24 August 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

Matsakaicin shekarun makarantar firamare shine kusan shekaru shida a duk cantons amma [[Obwalden]], inda yake shekaru biyar da watanni uku. Cantons [[Thurgau]] da [[Nidwalden]] suna ba yara 'yan shekaru biyar damar fara makarantar firamare a lokuta na musamman. Makarantar firamare tana ci gaba har zuwa aji huɗu, biyar ko shida, ya danganta da makaranta/kanton. Kowane yaro zai iya shiga makaranta idan ya zaɓa, amma an raba ɗalibai dangane da ko suna jin Faransanci, Jamusanci ko Italiyanci.

A kusan shekaru 11-12, dangane da wane canton a Switzerland yaron ya tafi makaranta, ana ''iya'' yin jarrabawar tantancewa don yanke shawarar yadda za a raba ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Wasu Kanton suna da tsarin jarabawa a zangon karatu na biyu na shekarar karshe ta makarantar firamare, wasu canton na da jarrabawar zangon karatu na biyu da ci gaba da tantancewa a zangon farko da na biyu. A wasu lokuta, iyaye ko masu kula da yaron kuma ana tambayar su shawarwarin su (duba Alamar C da ke ƙasa) tare da kimanta kansa da yaron yayi. Shawarar iyaye a hade tare da tantance kan yara ana kiranta alamar ta uku (Indicator C) don tantance ɗalibi, na farko shine tantancewar malami (Mai nuna A), na biyu sakamakon jarabawar (Mai nuna B) da aka gudanar a farkon zangon farko. Ma'auni na hudu shine jarrabawar karshe da ake yi a tsakiyar semester na biyu na makarantar firamare (yawanci ana yi kafin hutun Easter). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/Schweiz/SchweizerNobelpreistraeger.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413135746/http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/Schweiz/SchweizerNobelpreistraeger.htm |archive-date=2016-04-13 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== makarantar Sakandare ==
A ƙarshen makarantar firamare (ko a farkon makarantar sakandare), an raba ɗalibai (duba Alamar C na Friborg a ƙarƙashin Makarantar Firamare) gwargwadon iyawarsu da niyyar aikinsu a sassa da yawa (sau uku) na tsawon 2- Shekaru 3 ( ''Sekundarschule'' ) a cikin ko dai sashin sakandare na gaba, Gaba ɗaya, ko Sashe na asali (ana iya kiran Basic ''Realschule'' a Jamusanci ko ''Classe d'exigence de base'' a Faransanci). Daliban da ke neman aikin ilimi sun shiga ''[[Mitelschule|Mittelschule]]'' (wanda kuma ake kira ''Gymnasium'', ko ''Kantonsschule'', makarantar jama'a ta Canton / Jiha) don shirya don ƙarin karatu da [[Matura]] (wanda aka saba samu bayan shekaru 12 ko 13 na makaranta yawanci a shekarun haihuwa). 18 ko 19). Daliban da ke da niyyar ci gaba da sana'a ko sana'a sun cika ƙarin shekaru uku zuwa huɗu kafin su shiga [[Ilimin sana'a|Ilimin Sana'a]] waɗanda dokokin tarayya suka tsara kuma sun dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwar kasuwancin masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke ba da matsayi na ilimi da makarantun jama'a waɗanda ke ba da darussan makaranta na wajibi waɗanda suka dace da kan. - ilimi aiki. Wannan abin da ake kira &quot;tsarin dual&quot; mai raba ilimi da koyar da sana'o'i yana da ci gaba a tsarin ilimi mai zurfi. Yayin da horon ilimi ke kaiwa ga matura da shiga kyauta zuwa jami'o'i, nasarar kammala karatun sana'a yana ba da damar samun damar zuwa matakin na uku na ilimi mai amfani, ''[[Höhere Fachschule (Schweiz)]]'' . Idan ban da horar da sana'a da ''[[Berufsmaturitätsschule]]'' ya kammala za a iya ziyarci [[Fachhochschule]] maimakon. Maimakon gabatar da kwanan nan hanya ce ta uku, ta tsakiya ta hanyar [[Mitelschule|Fachmittelschule]] wanda ke kaiwa ga samun dama kai tsaye zuwa ''Fachhochschule'' bayan nasarar kammala karatun ''[[Fachmatura]]'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;SwissSchooling&quot;&gt;Goetz, Ulrich (7 September 2009). &quot;Switzerland's Nobel boom – bust? - SWI&quot;. ''Swissinfo.ch''. Archived&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu cantons, ɗalibai masu ''Fachmatura'' suma na iya samun damar zuwa jami'o'i bayan ƙarin shekara mai nasara. A cikin kimanta [[ilimin kimiyya]] na [[PISA]], ɗalibai masu shekaru 15 a Switzerland sun sami matsakaicin matsakaici na 16th na 16 na ƙasashe 57.

A ƙaramin matakin na biyu, akwai nau'ikan koyarwa daban-daban da ƙirar makaranta waɗanda ƙila za su wanzu. Wasu gundumomi suna ayyana takamaiman samfuri, yayin da wasu ke ba wa kowane gundumomi damar tantance ƙirar da za su bi.

== Samfurin rabe rabe ==
An keɓe ɗalibai zuwa nau'ikan makarantu daban-daban, gwargwadon matakan aikinsu. Tsarin ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar daidaitaccen iyawa tsakanin ɗalibai. Gabaɗaya, kowane nau'in makaranta yana da nasa tsarin koyarwa, kayan koyarwa, malamai da, a wasu lokuta, nau'ikan darussa. Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan makaranta 2 zuwa 3 (4 a cikin ƴan tsiraru na canton), sunayensu sun bambanta. A cikin tsari tare da nau'ikan makaranta guda 2, an bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyar da ke tushen aiki a matakin asali (tare da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu), da ƙungiyar tushen aiki a matakin ci gaba. A cikin tsari tare da nau'ikan makaranta 3, akwai ƙungiyar da ta dogara da aiki a matakin asali, ƙungiyar da ta dace a matakin matsakaici da ƙungiyar tushen aiki a matakin ci gaba. Abubuwan buƙatun ƙungiyar masu yin aiki a matakin ci gaba sune mafi buƙata kuma wannan nau'in makaranta gabaɗaya yana shirya ɗalibai don canja wurin zuwa makarantun matura. &lt;ref name=&quot;educa_secondary&quot;&gt;[http://www.educa.ch/dyn/152337.asp Swiss education server - Lower secondary level: overview] {{Webarchive}} accessed 24 June 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makarantar gaba da Sakandare ==
Ilimin manyan makarantu ya dogara da ilimin da aka zaɓa a makarantar sakandare. Ga daliban da ke da [[matura]], jami'a ita ce ta fi kowa. Ɗaliban da suka halarci makarantar sakandare ta sana'a za su ƙara Fachhochschule ko Höhere Fachschule a cikin tsarin karatun su. 

Akwai jami'o'i 14 na jama'a da na jama'a a Switzerland, 10 daga cikinsu ana kiyaye su a matakin canton kuma yawanci suna ba da darussan da ba na fasaha ba. Daga cikin cibiyoyi 4 da suka rage, 2 suna karkashin kungiyar Swiss Confederation kuma ana kiranta da &quot;Cibiyoyin Fasaha na Tarayya ta Switzerland&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Caleb Femi</title>
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        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
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'''Caleb Femi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da tara da Chasa'in1990) chiakakken marubuci ne ah Najeriya-Birtaniya, kumah darektan fina-finai, mai daukar hoto, kuma tsohon laureate na matasa na [[Landan]]. Tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, Poor, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Forward Prize for Poetry .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar 1990 a Kano, Najeriya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Justine |date=21 July 2017 |title=Caleb Femi |url=https://writersmakeworlds.com/caleb-femi/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=writers make worlds |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda kakarsa itah tareneshi har izuwa yatashi.  Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai, ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a [[Landan]]. Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.&lt;ref name=&quot;NewStatesman&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham .  A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na [[Landan]]. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor,  wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan Oktoba 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor by Caleb Femi |url=https://www.poetrybooks.co.uk/products/poor-by-caleb-femi |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=The Poetry Book Society |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
Femi ya zuwa yanzu ya yi kuma ya fitar da gajeren fina-finai guda biyar, yana aiki a matsayin marubuci / darektan kowannensu: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caleb Femi |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9178255/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Kuma Sun San Haske'' (2017) 
* Wishbone (2018) 
* ''Rayuwar Asirin Gs'' (2019) 
* Laifin wanda ya tsira (2020) 
* ''Jirgin sama'' (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UK Films Database: Giraffe |url=https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112133751/https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=[[British Council]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
An ambaci sunan Femi a cikin mujallar Dazed ta 2021 Dazed100, jerin sunayen tsara mai zuwa da ke tsara al'adun matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=6 April 2017 |title=Vote for Caleb Femi on the #Dazed100 |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/35397/1/caleb-femi-poets-biography-dazed-100-profile |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Dazed |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==


An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar alif 1990 a Kano,Najeriya, [1] inda kakarsa ta tashe shi. [2] Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai,ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a Landan.[3] Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.[2]
== Aiki ==


Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekara ta 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham . [1] A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na Landan.[2] A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor, wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan octoba shekara ta 2021. [3][4]
== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]</text>
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        <id>49197</id>
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'''Caleb Femi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da tara da Chasa'in1990) chiakakken marubuci ne ah Najeriya-Birtaniya, kumah darektan fina-finai, mai daukar hoto, kuma tsohon laureate na matasa na [[Landan]]. Tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, Poor, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Forward Prize for Poetry .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar 1990 a [[Kano]], Najeriya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Justine |date=21 July 2017 |title=Caleb Femi |url=https://writersmakeworlds.com/caleb-femi/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=writers make worlds |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda kakarsa itah tareneshi har izuwa yatashi.  Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai, ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a [[Landan]]. Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.&lt;ref name=&quot;NewStatesman&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham .  A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na [[Landan]]. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor,  wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan Oktoba 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor by Caleb Femi |url=https://www.poetrybooks.co.uk/products/poor-by-caleb-femi |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=The Poetry Book Society |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
Femi ya zuwa yanzu ya yi kuma ya fitar da gajeren fina-finai guda biyar, yana aiki a matsayin marubuci / darektan kowannensu: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caleb Femi |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9178255/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Kuma Sun San Haske'' (2017) 
* Wishbone (2018) 
* ''Rayuwar Asirin Gs'' (2019) 
* Laifin wanda ya tsira (2020) 
* ''Jirgin sama'' (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UK Films Database: Giraffe |url=https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112133751/https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=[[British Council]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
An ambaci sunan Femi a cikin mujallar Dazed ta 2021 Dazed100, jerin sunayen tsara mai zuwa da ke tsara al'adun matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=6 April 2017 |title=Vote for Caleb Femi on the #Dazed100 |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/35397/1/caleb-femi-poets-biography-dazed-100-profile |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Dazed |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==


An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar alif 1990 a Kano,Najeriya, [1] inda kakarsa ta tashe shi. [2] Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai,ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a Landan.[3] Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.[2]
== Aiki ==


Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekara ta 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham . [1] A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na Landan.[2] A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor, wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan octoba shekara ta 2021. [3][4]
== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]</text>
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        <id>49197</id>
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'''Caleb Femi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da tara da Chasa'in1990) chiakakken marubuci ne ah [[Najeriya]]-Birtaniya, kumah darektan fina-finai, mai daukar hoto, kuma tsohon laureate na matasa na [[Landan]]. Tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, Poor, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Forward Prize for Poetry .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar 1990 a [[Kano]], Najeriya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Justine |date=21 July 2017 |title=Caleb Femi |url=https://writersmakeworlds.com/caleb-femi/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=writers make worlds |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda kakarsa itah tareneshi har izuwa yatashi.  Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai, ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a [[Landan]]. Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.&lt;ref name=&quot;NewStatesman&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham .  A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na [[Landan]]. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor,  wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan Oktoba 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor by Caleb Femi |url=https://www.poetrybooks.co.uk/products/poor-by-caleb-femi |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=The Poetry Book Society |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
Femi ya zuwa yanzu ya yi kuma ya fitar da gajeren fina-finai guda biyar, yana aiki a matsayin marubuci / darektan kowannensu: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caleb Femi |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9178255/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Kuma Sun San Haske'' (2017) 
* Wishbone (2018) 
* ''Rayuwar Asirin Gs'' (2019) 
* Laifin wanda ya tsira (2020) 
* ''Jirgin sama'' (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UK Films Database: Giraffe |url=https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112133751/https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=[[British Council]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
An ambaci sunan Femi a cikin mujallar Dazed ta 2021 Dazed100, jerin sunayen tsara mai zuwa da ke tsara al'adun matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=6 April 2017 |title=Vote for Caleb Femi on the #Dazed100 |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/35397/1/caleb-femi-poets-biography-dazed-100-profile |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Dazed |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==


An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar alif 1990 a Kano,Najeriya, [1] inda kakarsa ta tashe shi. [2] Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai,ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a Landan.[3] Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.[2]
== Aiki ==


Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekara ta 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham . [1] A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na Landan.[2] A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor, wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan octoba shekara ta 2021. [3][4]
== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]</text>
      <sha1>p2aazq617yq501bnlvz63gaitkld0tu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971233</id>
      <parentid>971231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:18:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971233</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3533" sha1="ryu23j3j0x026mig35kfmqv7bkqpp56" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Caleb Femi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da tara da Chasa'in1990) chiakakken marubuci ne ah [[Najeriya]]-Birtaniya, kumah darektan fina-finai, mai daukar hoto, kuma tsohon laureate na matasa na [[Landan]]. Tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, Poor, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Forward Prize for Poetry .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar 1990 a [[Kano]], [[Najeriya]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Justine |date=21 July 2017 |title=Caleb Femi |url=https://writersmakeworlds.com/caleb-femi/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=writers make worlds |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda kakarsa itah tareneshi har izuwa yatashi.  Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai, ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a [[Landan]]. Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.&lt;ref name=&quot;NewStatesman&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham .  A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na [[Landan]]. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor,  wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan Oktoba 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor by Caleb Femi |url=https://www.poetrybooks.co.uk/products/poor-by-caleb-femi |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=The Poetry Book Society |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
Femi ya zuwa yanzu ya yi kuma ya fitar da gajeren fina-finai guda biyar, yana aiki a matsayin marubuci / darektan kowannensu: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caleb Femi |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9178255/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Kuma Sun San Haske'' (2017) 
* Wishbone (2018) 
* ''Rayuwar Asirin Gs'' (2019) 
* Laifin wanda ya tsira (2020) 
* ''Jirgin sama'' (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UK Films Database: Giraffe |url=https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112133751/https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=[[British Council]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
An ambaci sunan Femi a cikin mujallar Dazed ta 2021 Dazed100, jerin sunayen tsara mai zuwa da ke tsara al'adun matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=6 April 2017 |title=Vote for Caleb Femi on the #Dazed100 |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/35397/1/caleb-femi-poets-biography-dazed-100-profile |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Dazed |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==


An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar alif 1990 a Kano,Najeriya, [1] inda kakarsa ta tashe shi. [2] Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai,ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a Landan.[3] Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.[2]
== Aiki ==


Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekara ta 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham . [1] A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na Landan.[2] A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor, wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan octoba shekara ta 2021. [3][4]
== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]</text>
      <sha1>ryu23j3j0x026mig35kfmqv7bkqpp56</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971234</id>
      <parentid>971233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:21:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3532" sha1="sbtag9wtz3nl1svicwdeko8pddm2fna" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Caleb Femi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da tara da Chasa'in1990) chiakakken marubuci ne ah [[Najeriya]]-Birtaniya,kumah darektan fina-finai, mai daukar hoto, kuma tsohon laureate na matasa na [[Landan]]. Tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, Poor, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Forward Prize for Poetry .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar 1990 a [[Kano]], [[Najeriya]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McConnell |first=Justine |date=21 July 2017 |title=Caleb Femi |url=https://writersmakeworlds.com/caleb-femi/ |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=writers make worlds |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda kakarsa itah tareneshi har izuwa yatashi.  Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai, ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a [[Landan]]. Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.&lt;ref name=&quot;NewStatesman&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham .  A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na [[Landan]]. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor,  wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan Oktoba 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poor by Caleb Femi |url=https://www.poetrybooks.co.uk/products/poor-by-caleb-femi |access-date=16 November 2020 |website=The Poetry Book Society |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
Femi ya zuwa yanzu ya yi kuma ya fitar da gajeren fina-finai guda biyar, yana aiki a matsayin marubuci / darektan kowannensu: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Caleb Femi |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9178255/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Kuma Sun San Haske'' (2017) 
* Wishbone (2018) 
* ''Rayuwar Asirin Gs'' (2019) 
* Laifin wanda ya tsira (2020) 
* ''Jirgin sama'' (2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UK Films Database: Giraffe |url=https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112133751/https://filmsandfestivals.britishcouncil.org/projects/giraffe |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=[[British Council]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
An ambaci sunan Femi a cikin mujallar Dazed ta 2021 Dazed100, jerin sunayen tsara mai zuwa da ke tsara al'adun matasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=6 April 2017 |title=Vote for Caleb Femi on the #Dazed100 |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/35397/1/caleb-femi-poets-biography-dazed-100-profile |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Dazed |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa ==


An haifi Caleb Femi a shekarar alif 1990 a Kano,Najeriya, [1] inda kakarsa ta tashe shi. [2] Lokacin da yake dan shekara bakwai,ya koma ya haɗu da iyayensa a Arewacin Peckham Estate a Landan.[3] Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya yi karatun Turanci a Sarauniya Maryamu, Jami'ar London.[2]
== Aiki ==


Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekara ta 2016, Femi ta koyar da Turanci a makarantar sakandare a Tottenham . [1] A shekara ta 2015, Femi ta lashe gasar Roundhouse Poetry Slam . A shekara ta 2016, an zaba shi a matsayin matasan farko na Landan.[2] A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2020, ya wallafa tarin waƙoƙinsa na farko, mai taken Poor, wanda ya lashe kyautar Felix Dennis ta Forward Prize don Mafi kyawun tarin farko a watan octoba shekara ta 2021. [3][4]
== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]</text>
      <sha1>sbtag9wtz3nl1svicwdeko8pddm2fna</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Jerin malaman falsafar musulmi</title>
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      <text bytes="64100" sha1="4tzphjwoemyppkwonlje2wv0z4zpgn8" xml:space="preserve">'''Masana falsafar musulmi''' duka suna da'awar [[Musulunci]] kuma suna shiga cikin salon falsafar dake cikin tsarin harshen Larabci da [[Musulunci]], ko da yake ba lallai ba ne ya damu da batutuwan addini. Maganganun [[Sahabban Annabi|sahabbai]] [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] sun ƙunshi ɗan tattaunawa na falsafa. {{Efn|Only [[Ali]]'s [[Nahj al-Balagha]], is traditionally considered to contain both religious and philosophical thought.&lt;ref name=&quot;Corbin 2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Corbin|first1=Henry|title=The History of Islamic Philosophy|date=2001|publisher=Kegan Paul International|translator=Liadain Sherrard with the assistance of Philip Sherrard|location=London and New York|pages=33–36}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tabatabai&quot;/&gt;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Tabatabai&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Allameh Tabatabaei}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin karni na takwas, cudanya mai yawa da [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]] ta haifar da yunƙurin fassara ayyukan [[falsafa]] na Falsafar Girka ta Tsohuwar (musamman matani na Aristotle) zuwa Larabci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tabatabai&quot; /&gt;

Al-Kindi na ƙarni na tara ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ya assasa falsafar Islama (800-1200). Masanin falsafa na karni na goma al-Farabi ya bada gudummawa sosai wajen shigar da ayyukan falsafar [[Girka]] da na Romawa cikin bahasin falsafar musulmi kuma ya kafa da yawa daga cikin jigogin da zasu mamaye falsafar Musulunci na tsawon karni masu zuwa; a cikin faffadan aikinsa, aikinsa kan dabaru ya fito fili musamman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rout&quot; /&gt; A karni na sha daya, [[Ibn Sina]], daya daga cikin manyan malaman falsafar musulmi,&lt;ref name=&quot;Rout&quot; /&gt; ya kirkiro nasa makarantar falsafa ta musamman da aka sani da Avicennism wacce ke da tushen Aristotelian da Neoplatonist. [[Al-Ghazali]], sanannen malamin falsafa kuma masanin ilimin tauhidi, ya dauki hanyar magance sabani a fili tsakanin hankali da wahayi. Ya fahimci mahimmancin falsafa kuma ya samar da amsa mai rikitarwa wanda ya ƙi wasu daga cikin koyarwar ta kuma yayi Allah wadai da shi, yayin da kuma ya ba shi damar yarda da aiki da wasu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Griffel 2020&quot; /&gt; Karɓar da al-Ghazali ya yi na zanga-zanga (''apodeixis'') ne ya haifar da ingantaccen magana mai tsafta akan ilimin ilmin halitta da furen dabaru na Aristotelian da metaphysics a cikin da'irar tauhidin musulmi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Griffel 2020&quot; /&gt; [[Ibn Rushd|Averroes]], fitaccen masanin falsafa na ƙarshe na musulmi, ya kare amfani da falsafar Aristotel akan wannan zargi; Ayyukansa masu yawa sun haɗa da sharhi masu mahimmanci akan [[Aristotle]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tabatabai&quot;/&gt; A cikin karni na goma sha biyu, Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi ya kafa falsafar haskakawa. Ko da yake falsafar a cikin tsarinta na Aristotelian na al'ada ya ɓace a yawancin ƙasashen Larabawa bayan karni na goma sha biyu, nau'ikan falsafar sufanci sun zama mafi shahara.

Bayan [[Ibn Rushd|Averroes]], wata fitacciyar makarantar falsafa ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a gabashin duniyar musulmi a lokacin daular Safawiya wadda malamai suka kira Makarantar Isfahan. Masanin falsafar [[Shi'a]] Mir Damad ne ya assasa shi kuma Mulla Sadra da sauran su suka inganta shi. 

== Jerin ==


== Duba kuma ==
{{Gyara Fassara}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Suna
!Hoto
!Asali
!Zamani
!Mazhaba
!Falsafa
|-
|[[:en:Al-Kindi|Al-Kindi]]
|[[File:Al-kindi.jpeg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Al-kindi.jpeg|110x110px]]
|Iraqi
|801–873
|
|Shine musulmi [[:en:Peripatetic_school|peripatetic]] kuma masanin Falsafa na farko, kuma ana danganta shi da &quot;uban falsafr larabawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nasr|2006|pp=137–138}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Abboud|first=Tony|title=Al-Kindi : the father of Arab philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/alkindifatherofa0000abbo|year=2006|publisher=Rosen Pub. Group|isbn=978-1-4042-0511-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Yudit Kornberg|title=Encyclopedia of love in world religions|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-980-1|volume=1|page=405}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayi suna sosai a bunƙasa [[:en:Greek_philosophy|Girkamci]] da [[:en:Hellenistic_philosophy|Falsafar Hellenistic]] a [[:en:Muslim_world|Duniyar Musulunci]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nasr &amp; Leaman&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nasr|author2=Leaman|name-list-style=amp|title=The History of Islamic Philosophy|date=February 1, 1996|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415056670|pages=1–3,165|edition=1st}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damunsa shine ya nuna dacewa da falsafar da [[:en:Kalam|Hasashen speculative]]. Duk da haka, zai fi son wahayin ya yi tunani, domin ya yi imani ya ba da tabbacin al'amuran bangaskiya waɗanda hankali ba zai iya buɗewa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nasr &amp; Leaman&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Muhammad_ibn_Zakariya_al-Razi|Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi]]
|[[File:Zakariya_Razi_001.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zakariya_Razi_001.JPG|111x111px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|{{circa|865–925}}
|
|Akwai ra'ayoyi masu karo da juna game da imaninsa.  Wasu irin su ibn Abi Osayba sun san shi a matsayin mumini, amma wasu kamar Abu Hatam da Biruni sun san shi a matsayin kafiri.  Wani masanin falsafa wanda ka'idar ruhi, ta bayyana a cikin The Metaphysics, ya samo asali ne daga Musulunci inda ya bayyana yadda ruhi ke samun hanyar tsira da 'yanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fakhri&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fakhri|first1=Majid|title=A History of Islamic Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000fakh_k1c5|date=2004|publisher=Columbia University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin littafinsa ''Philosophical Biography'', al-Razi ya kare salon rayuwarsa na falsafa, yana mai jaddada cewa, maimakon zama mai son kai, mutum ya kamata ya yi amfani da hankalinsa, kuma ya yi amfani da adalci a rayuwarsa. Kare shi da masu sukarsa kuma littafi ne mai suna ''Al Syrat al Falsafiah'' (The Philosophical Approach).&lt;ref name=&quot;Fakhri&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Iqbal|first1=Mohammad|title=The Development of Metaphysics in Persia, a Contribution to the History of Muslim Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/developmentofmet0000sirm|date=2005|publisher=Kessinger Publishing}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma yana daga masana magunguna na Farko farko.&lt;ref&gt;History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., {{ISBN|81-208-1596-3}}, vol. IV, part two, p. 228.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Al-Farabi|Al-Farabi]]
|[[File:Al-Farabi.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Al-Farabi.jpg|84x84px]]
|Fārāb
|872–951
|Peripatetic
|Al-Farabi tare da [[:en:Ibn_Sina|Ibn Sina]] da [[:en:Averroes|Averroes]] an san su da [[:en:Peripatetics|Peripatetics]] or [[:en:Rationalism|rationalists]] a tsakanin Musulmai.&lt;ref&gt;Motahhari, Morteza, Becoming familiar with Islamic knowledge, V1, p.166&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/pd/d-22.htm|title=Dictionary of Islamic Philosophical Terms|publisher=Muslimphilosophy.com|access-date=2012-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H002|title=Aristotelianism in Islamic philosophy|publisher=Muslimphilosophy.com|access-date=2012-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; He tried to gather the ideas of [[:en:Plato|Plato]] and [[:en:Aristotle|Aristotle]] in his book &quot;The gathering of the ideas of the two philosophers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Motahhari, Mortaza, Becoming familiar with Islamic knowledge, V1, p.167&lt;/ref&gt; He was known as &quot;the second master&quot; of philosophy (Aristotle being the first), and his work was dedicated to both reviving and reinventing the Alexandrian philosophical thought, to which his teacher, Yuhanna bin Haylan belonged.&lt;ref&gt;Reisman, D. ''Al-Farabi and the Philosophical Curriculum'' In Adamson, P &amp; Taylor, R. (2005). ''The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p55&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Abu_Yaqub_al-Sijistani|Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani]]
|
|Persia
|?–971
|
|Inspired by [[:en:Neoplatonism|neoplatonism]], &quot;his [[:en:Cosmology|cosmology]] and metaphysics develop a concept of God as the one beyond both being and non-being.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Paul E.|title=Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani (fl. 971)|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/sijistan/|website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=The Institute of Ismaili Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intellect which is the first being created by God, he believes, does not disintegrate, and the purpose of the religion is to &quot;reorient the soul toward its true higher self and ultimately to return to its original state.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Corbin|first1=Henry|title=Kashf al-mahjub (Revealing the Concealed)|date=1949|location=Tehran and Paris}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Walker|first1=P.|title=The Wellsprings of Wisdom: A study of Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani's Kitab al-yanabi'|url=https://archive.org/details/wellspringsofwis0000walk|date=1994|location=Salt Lake City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Paul E.|title=Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani (fl. 971)|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/sijistan/|website=The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=The Institute of Ismaili Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri|Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri]]
|
|Persia
|?–992
|
|While opposing the kind of philosophy which is regarded as independent of revelation, he sought to find areas of agreement between different Islamic sects.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Gaskell|title=Al-'Amiri, Abu'l Hasan Muhammad ibn Yusuf|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H041|year=2009|access-date=2014-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606174417/http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H041|archive-date=2011-06-06|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Nasr|first1=Seyyed Hossein|title=The History of Islamic Philosophy (Routledge History of World Philosophies)|date=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chapter 1 and 7 of his book ''al-I'lam bi manaqib al-Islam'' (An Exposition on the Merits of Islam) has been translated into English under the titles ''The Quiddity of Knowledge and the Appurtenances of its Species''&lt;ref&gt;Rosenthal,  F., ''The Classical Heritage of Islam'', Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1973, Pp. 63–70&lt;/ref&gt; and ''The Excellences of Islam in Relation to Royal Authority''.&lt;ref&gt;Rosenthal, F., ''State and Religion According to Abu l-Hasan al-'Amiri'', Islamic Quarterly 3, pp. 42–52&lt;/ref&gt; His other book ''Kitab al-amad 'ala'l-abad'' (On the Afterlife)&lt;ref&gt;Rowson,  E.K., ''A Muslim Philosopher on the Soul and Its Fate: Al-'Amiri's Kitab al Amad 'ala l-abad'', New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society, 1988&lt;/ref&gt; also has an English translation.
|-
|[[:en:Ebn_Meskavayh|Ebn Meskavayh]]
|
|Persia
|932–1030
|
|A [[:en:Neoplatonism|Neoplatonist]] who wrote the first major [[:en:Islamic|Islamic]] work on philosophical ethics, entitled ''Tahdhib al-akhlaq'' (Refinement of Morals), he distinguished between personal ethics and the public realm, and contrasted the redemptive nature of reason with the luring trait of nature.&lt;ref name=&quot;c. edmund&quot;&gt;C. Edmund Bosworth, &quot;Meskavayh, Abu ʿAli Ahmad&quot; in Encyclopædia Iranica&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Al-Maʿarri|Al-Maʿarri]]
|
|Syria
|973–1058
|Pessimist
|A [[:en:Pessimism|pessimistic]] [[:en:Freethought|freethinker]], he attacked dogmas of religion.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=6FklfLSxpIkC&amp;dq=al+ma%27arri&amp;pg=PA147 By Philip Khuri Hitti ''Islam, a way of life'' p. 147]&lt;/ref&gt; His ''Unnecessary Necessity'' (Luzūm mā lam yalzam) shows how he saw the business of living. His other work ''The Epistle of Forgiveness'' (Risālat al-ghufrān) depicts his visiting with the [[:en:Arabic_poetry|Arab poets]] of the [[:en:Jahiliyyah|pagan period]], in [[:en:Jannah|paradise]] and because of the aspect of [[:en:Bangsian_fantasy|conversing with the deceased]] in paradise, the ''Resalat Al-Ghufran'' has been compared to the ''[[:en:Divine_Comedy|Divine Comedy]]'' of Dante&lt;ref&gt;William Montgomery Watt and Pierre Cachia, ''A History of Islamic Spain'', 2nd edition, Edinburgh University Press, 1996, pp. 125–126, {{ISBN|0-7486-0847-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt; which came hundreds of years after.
|-
|[[:en:Avicenna|Avicenna]]
|[[File:Avicenna_TajikistanP17-20Somoni-1999_(cropped).png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Avicenna_TajikistanP17-20Somoni-1999_(cropped).png|97x97px]]
|Khorāsān
|980–1037
|Peripatetic
|Regarded as one of the most significant thinkers and writers of the [[:en:Islamic_Golden_Age|Islamic Golden Age]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45755/Avicenna|title=Avicenna (Persian philosopher and scientist) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia|publisher=Britannica.com|access-date=2012-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; his distinction between [[:en:Existence|existence]] and [[:en:Essence|essence]] his theory of the nature of the soul in particular, influenced the [[:en:Medieval_Europe|medieval Europe]]. His [[:en:Psychology|psychology]] and theory of knowledge influenced [[:en:William_of_Auvergne,_Bishop_of_Paris|William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris]] and [[:en:Albertus_Magnus|Albertus Magnus]], while his metaphysics was influential on the philosophy of [[:en:Thomas_Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/avicenna.htm#H5|title=The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Avicenna/Ibn Sina (CA. 980–1037)|publisher=Iep.utm.edu|date=2006-01-06|access-date=2010-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani|Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|996–1021
|
|His major work the ''Rahat al-aql'' (Peace of Mind) explains how to attain the eternal life of the mind and reason, in a changing world. ''Al-Aqwal al-dhahabiya'', (refuting [[:en:Muhammad_ibn_Zakariya_al-Razi|al-Razi]]'s argument against the necessity of [[:en:Revelation|revelation]]) and ''Kitab al-riyad'' (about the early Isma'ili cosmology) are among his other works.&lt;ref name=&quot;daftary&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Daftary|first1=Farhad|title=Intellectual Traditions in Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/intellectualtrad0000unse_i4q8|year=2000|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1860644351|page=[https://archive.org/details/intellectualtrad0000unse_i4q8/page/97 97]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Nasir_Khusraw|Nasir Khusraw]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1004–1088
|
|His ''Knowledge and Liberation'' consist of a series of 30 questions and answers about main issues of his time, from the creation of the world to the human free will and culpability after death.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Nasir Khusraw|title=Knowledge and Liberation: A Treatise on Philosophical Theology|translator=F.M. Hunzai|date=July 2, 1999|publisher=I. B. Tauris in Association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies; Reprint edition}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Rawshana-i-nama'' (Book of Enlightenment), and the ''Sa'datnama'' (Book of Felicity) are also among his works.
|-
|[[:en:Ibn_Zafar_al-Siqilli|Ibn Zafar al-Siqilli]]
|[[File:Ibn_Zafar_al_Siquilli.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ibn_Zafar_al_Siquilli.jpg|80x80px]]
|Sicily (Italy)
|1104–1170
|
|'''Hujjat al-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Abi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Zafar al-Siqilli''' ({{lang-ar|حجة الدين أبو عبد الله محمد بن أبي محمد بن محمد بن ظفر الصقلي|Ḥujjat al-Dīn  Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ẓafar al-Ṣiqillī}}), commonly known simply as '''Ibn Zafar al-Siqilli''', was a [[:en:Philosopher|philosopher]], [[:en:Polymath|polymath]] and Arab-Sicilian politician of the [[:en:Normans|Norman]] period (1104 - 1170), and has come to be known in the West as &quot;[[:en:Niccolò_Machiavelli|Niccolò Machiavelli]]'s Arab Precursor&quot;. Ibn Zafar was said to have authored 32 books.&lt;ref&gt;Arié, Miniatures pp. 1–4&lt;/ref&gt;, especially the ''Sulwān al-Muṭā fī Udwān al-Atbā'' ({{lang-ar|سلوان المطاع في عدوان الأتباع||Consolation for the Ruler During the Hostility of his Subjects}}) is his [[:en:Magnum_opus|magnum opus]]. &lt;ref&gt;Richard Hrair Dekmejian and Adel Fathy Thabit: ''Machiavelli's Arab Precursor: Ibn Zafar al-Siquilli''; British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (2000), 27, 125-137.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Rachel Arié, ''Miniatures hispano-musulmanes'', Leyden (E. J. Brill) 1969.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Umberto Rizzitano, ''Ibn Ẓafar, Abū ‘Abd Allāh'' in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IV, p.&amp;nbsp;970.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Emeri J. van Donzel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zHxsWspxGIIC&amp;dq=Ali%20ibn%20Jafar%20Ibn%20al-Qatta&amp;pg=PA162 Islamic Desk Reference]&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Al-Ghazali|Al-Ghazali]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1058–1111
|Sufi/Ashari
|His main work [[:en:The_Incoherence_of_the_Philosophers|The Incoherence of the Philosophers]] made a turn in Islamic [[:en:Epistemology|epistemology]]. His encounter with [[:en:Skepticism|skepticism]] made him believe that all causative events are not product of material conjunctions but are due to the Will of God. Later on, in the next century, [[:en:Averroes|Averroes]]'s rebuttal of al-Ghazali's ''Incoherence'' became known as [[:en:The_Incoherence_of_the_Incoherence|The Incoherence of the Incoherence]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Watt1953&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Watt|first=W. Montgomery|title=The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazali|year=1953|publisher=George Allen and Unwin Ltd.|location=London|url=http://www.ghazali.org/works/watt3.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Avempace|Avempace]]
|
|Andalusia (Spain)
|1095–1138
|
|His main philosophical idea is that the human soul could become one with the Divine through a hierarchy starting with sensing of the forms (containing less and less matter) to the impression of Active Intellect. His most important philosophical work is ''Tadbīr al-mutawaḥḥid'' (The Regime of the Solitary).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Fakhry|first1=Majid|title=Islamic philosophy, theology and mysticism: a short introduction|date=2003|publisher=Oneworld|location=Oxford, England}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ibn_Tufail|Ibn Tufail]]
|
|Andalusia
(Spain)
|1105–1185
|
|His work [[:en:Hayy_ibn_Yaqdhan|Hayy ibn Yaqdhan]], is known as ''The Improvement of Human Reason'' in English and is a philosophical and allegorical novel which tells the story of a [[:en:Feral_child|feral child]] named Hayy who is raised by a [[:en:Gazelle|gazelle]] and is living alone without contact with other human beings. This work is continuing Avicenna's version of the story and is considered as a response to [[:en:Al-Ghazali|al-Ghazali]]'s ''[[:en:The_Incoherence_of_the_Philosophers|The Incoherence of the Philosophers]]'', which had criticized Avicenna's philosophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fancy&quot;&gt;Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), &quot;Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (died 1288)&quot;, pp. 95–102, ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations'', [[University of Notre Dame]]. {{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/ |archive-date=2015-04-04 |access-date=2023-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Averroes|Averroes]]
|[[File:Statue_of_Averroes_(Córdoba)_-_BAE09705.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Averroes_(C%C3%B3rdoba)_-_BAE09705.jpg|114x114px]]
|Spain
(Andalusia)
|1126–1198
|Peripatetic
|Being described as &quot;founding father of secular thought in Western Europe&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;brown.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=John Carter Brown Library Exhibitions – Islamic encounters|url=http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/islam/pages/exchange.html|access-date=October 30, 2012|archive-date=July 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701174308/http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/islam/pages/exchange.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dspace.ucalgary.ca&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ahmed, K. S. &quot;Arabic Medicine: Contributions and Influence&quot;. The Proceedings of the 17th Annual History of Medicine Days, March 7th and 8th, 2008 Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, AB.|url=http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/47472/1/2008_HMD_Ahmed.pdf|access-date=October 30, 2012|archive-date=June 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606022334/http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/47472/1/2008_HMD_Ahmed.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was known by the nickname ''the Commentator'' for his precious commentaries on Aristotle's works. His main work was ''[[:en:The_Incoherence_of_the_Incoherence|The Incoherence of the Incoherence]]'' in which he defended philosophy against [[:en:Al-Ghazali|al-Ghazali]]'s claims in ''[[:en:The_Incoherence_of_the_Philosophers|The Incoherence of the Philosophers]]''. His other works were the ''Fasl al-Maqal'' and the ''Kitab al-Kashf''.&lt;ref name=&quot;brown.edu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dspace.ucalgary.ca&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Afdal_al-Din_Kashani|Afdal al-Din Kashani]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|?–1213
|
|He was involved in explaining the salvific power of self-awareness.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica&quot;&gt;[[Encyclopædia Iranica]], ''[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-al-din-ameli-shaikh-mohammad-b BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿĀMELĪ, SHAIKH MOḤAMMAD B. ḤOSAYN BAHĀʾĪ]'' by E. Kohlberg.&lt;/ref&gt;{{failed verification|date=May 2019}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[:en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2019)&quot;&gt;failed verification&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; That is: &quot;To know oneself is to know the everlasting reality that is consciousness, and to know it is to be it.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica&quot; /&gt;{{failed verification|date=May 2019}}  His ontology is interconnected with his [[:en:Epistemology|epistemology]], as he believes a full actualization of the potentialities of the world is only possible through self-knowledge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica&quot; /&gt;{{failed verification|date=May 2019}}
|-
|[[:en:Najmuddin_Kubra|Najmuddin Kubra]]
|
|Persia
|1145–1220
|Sufism
|As the founder of the [[:en:Kubrawiyya|Kubrawiyya]] Sufi order,&lt;ref name=&quot;Henry Corbin&quot;&gt;[[Henry Corbin]], &quot;''History of Islamic Philosophy''&quot; and &quot;''En Islam Iranien''&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; he is regarded as a pioneer of the [[:en:Sufi|Sufism]]. His books are discussing dreams and visionary experience, among which is a Sufi commentary on the [[:en:Quran|Quran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Algar|first=Hamid|title=Kubra, Shaykh Abu 'l-Djannab Ahmad b. 'Umar Nadjm al-Din|year=2011|publisher=Brill Online|url=http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4470}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi|Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1149–1209
|[[:en:Ash'ari|Ashari]]
|His major work [[:en:Tafsir_al-Kabir_(al-Razi)|Tafsir-e Kabir]] included many philosophical thoughts, among which was the [[:en:Self-sufficiency|self-sufficiency]] of the intellect. He believed that proofs based on tradition [[:en:Hadith|hadith]] could never lead to certainty but only to [[:en:Presumption|presumption]]. Al-Razi's [[:en:Rationalism|rationalism]] &quot;holds an important place in the debate in the Islamic tradition on the harmonization of reason and revelation.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cooper&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149–1209)|encyclopedia=[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|author=John Cooper|year=1998|publisher=[[Routledge]]|url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm|access-date=2010-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi|Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1155–1191
|[[:en:Sufism|Sufi]]
|As the founder of [[:en:Illuminationism|Illuminationism]], an important school in [[:en:Islam|Islamic]] [[:en:Mysticism|mysticism]], The &quot;light&quot; in his &quot;Philosophy of Illumination&quot; is a divine source of knowledge which has significantly affected Islamic philosophy and [[:en:Esoteric|esoteric]] knowledge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ziai, H. 1997&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ziai|first1=H|title=Al-Suhrawardi, vol. 9|date=1997|publisher=Encyclopaedia of Islam|pages=782–784}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seyyed Hossein Nasr 1993. Pg 158&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Nasr|first1=Seyyed Hossein|title=The need for a sacred science|url=https://archive.org/details/needforsacredsci0000nasr|date=1993|publisher=SUNY Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/needforsacredsci0000nasr/page/158 158]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ibn_Arabi|Ibn Arabi]]
|[[File:Ibn_Arabi.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ibn_Arabi.jpg|103x103px]]
|Spain
(Andalusia)
|1165–1240
|Sufi
|He was an [[:en:Arab|Arab]] [[:en:Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] [[:en:Sufism|Sufi]] [[:en:Mysticism|mystic]] whose work ''Fusus al-Hikam'' (The Ringstones of Wisdom) can be described as a summary of his mystical beliefs concerning the role of different prophets in divine revelation.&lt;ref&gt;Naqvi, S. Ali Raza, THE BEZELS OF WISDOM (Ibn al-'Arabī's Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam) by R.W.J. Austin (rev.), Islamic Studies, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer 1984), pp. 146–150&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chittick, William C. &quot;The Disclosure of the Intervening Image: Ibn 'Arabî on Death&quot;, Discourse 24.1 (2002), pp. 51–62&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Almond, Ian. &quot;The Honesty of the Perplexed: Derrida and Ibn 'Arabi on 'Bewilderment'&quot;, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 70, No. 3 (Sep., 2002), pp. 515–537&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi|Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1201–1274
|
|As a supporter of [[:en:Avicennian_logic|Avicennian logic]] he was described by [[:en:Ibn_Khaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] as the greatest of the later [[:en:Persian_people|Persian]] scholars.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dabashi&quot;&gt;Dabashi, Hamid. ''Khwajah Nasir al-Din Tusi: The philosopher/vizier and the intellectual climate of his times''. Routledge History of World Philosophies. Vol I.&lt;/ref&gt; Corresponding with [[:en:Sadr_al-Din_al-Qunawi|Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi]], the son-in-law of [[:en:Ibn_Arabi|Ibn al-'Arabi]], he thought mysticism, as disseminated by [[:en:Sufi|Sufi]] principles of his time, was not appealing to his mind so he wrote his own book of philosophical Sufism entitled ''Awsaf al-Ashraf'' (The Attributes of the Illustrious).
|-
|[[:en:Rumi|Rumi]]
|
|Persia
|1207–1273
|Sufi
|Described as the &quot;most popular poet in America&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC-Haviland&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7016090.stm|title=The roar of Rumi — 800 years on|author=Charles Haviland|work=BBC News|date=2007-09-30|access-date=2007-09-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; he was an evolutionary thinker, in that he believed that all matter after devolution from the divine [[:en:Ego_(spirituality)|Ego]] experience an evolutionary cycle by which it return to the same divine Ego,&lt;ref&gt;M.M. Sharif, ''A History of Muslim Philosophy'', Vol II, p. 827.&lt;/ref&gt; which is due to an innate motive which he calls ''love''. Rumi's major work is the ''Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī'' (Spiritual Couplets) regarded by some [[:en:Sufi|Sufis]] as the Persian-language [[:en:Qur'an|Qur'an]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=J.T.P. de Bruijn|title=Comparative Notes on Sanai and 'Attar|publisher=L. Lewisohn|page=361}}&lt;/ref&gt; His other work, [[:en:Fihi_ma_fihi|''Fihi Ma Fihi'']] (In It What's in It), includes seventy-one talks given on various occasions to his disciples.&lt;ref&gt;Franklin Lewis, ''Rumi: Past and Present, East and West&amp;nbsp;— The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi'', Oneworld Publications, 2000, Chapter 7.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ibn_al-Nafis|Ibn al-Nafis]]
|[[File:Ibn_al-Nafis.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ibn_al-Nafis.jpg|95x95px]]
|Damascus
(Syria)
|1213–1288
|
|His ''Al-Risalah al-Kamiliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah'' or''[[:en:Theologus_Autodidactus|Theologus Autodidactus]]'' is said to be the first [[:en:Philosophical_novel|theological novel]] in which he attempted to prove that the human mind is able to deduce the truths of the world through reasoning.&lt;ref name=&quot;roubi&quot;&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), ''Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher'', ''Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis'', Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait ([[cf.]] [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=2008-02-06}}, ''Encyclopedia of Islamic World'' )&lt;/ref&gt; He described this book as a defense of &quot;the system of Islam and the Muslims' doctrines on the missions of prophets, the religious laws, the resurrection of the body, and the transitoriness of the world&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;fancy&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis|last=Fancy|first=Nahyan A. G.|year=2006|title=Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)|journal=Electronic Theses and Dissertations|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615|access-date=2014-10-07|archive-date=2015-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Qotb_al-Din_Shirazi|Qotb al-Din Shirazi]]
|[[File:Ghotb2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ghotb2.jpg|109x109px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1217–1311
|
|He was a [[:en:Sufi|Sufi]] from [[:en:Shiraz|Shiraz]] who was famous for his commentary on [[:en:School_of_Illumination|Hikmat al-ishraq]] of [[:en:Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi|Suhrawardi]]. His major work is the ''Durrat al-taj li-ghurratt al-Dubaj'' (Pearly Crown) which is an Encyclopedic work on philosophy including philosophical views on natural sciences, theology, logic, public affairs, ethnics, mysticism, astronomy, mathematics, arithmetic and music.&lt;ref&gt;Sayyed ʿAbd-Allāh Anwār, Encyclopædia Iranica, &quot;QOṬB-AL-DIN ŠIRĀZI, Maḥmud b. Żiāʾ-al-Din Masʿud b. Moṣleḥ&quot;,&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ibn_Sabin|Ibn Sabin]]
|
|Andalusia
(Spain)
|1236–1269
|
|He was a [[:en:Sufi|Sufi]] philosopher, the last [[:en:Philosophy|philosopher]] of the [[:en:Al-Andalus|Andalus]], and was known for his replies to questions from [[:en:Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor|Frederick II]], the ruler of [[:en:Sicily|Sicily]]. His [[:en:School|school]] is a mixture of philosophical and [[:en:Gnostic|Gnostic]] thoughts.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nasr|2006|pp=156–157}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Sayyid_Haydar_Amuli|Sayyid Haydar Amuli]]
|
|Persia
|1319–1385
|
|As the main commentator of the [[:en:Ibn_Arabi|Ibn Arabi]]'s mystic philosophy and the representative of Persian [[:en:Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)|Imamah]] theosophy, he believes that the [[:en:Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)|Imams]] who were gifted with [[:en:Mysticism|mystical]] knowledge were not just guides to the Shia [[:en:Sufi|Sufis]]. He was both a critic of Shia whose religion was confined to legalistic system and Sufis who denied certain regulations issued from the Imams.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kohlberg&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Kohlberg|first=Etan|title=Encyclopædia Iranica|work=Amoli, Sayyed Baha-Al-Din}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Taftazani|Taftazani]]
|
|Persia
|1322–1390
|
|Al-Taftazani's treatises, even the commentaries, are &quot;standard books&quot; for students of Islamic theology. His papers have been called a &quot;compendium of the various views regarding the great doctrines of Islam&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Taftazani 1950 p. XX&quot;&gt;Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah (1950). ''A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Sad al-Din al-Taftazani on the Creed of Najm al-Din al-Nasafi'' (Earl Edgar Elder Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. XX.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ibn_Khaldun|Ibn Khaldun]]
|
|Tunisia
|1332–1406
|Ashari
|He is known for his [[:en:The_Muqaddimah|The Muqaddimah]] which [[:en:Arnold_J._Toynbee|Arnold J. Toynbee]] called it &quot;a [[:en:Philosophy_of_history|philosophy of history]] which is undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 15th ed., vol. 9, p. 148.&lt;/ref&gt; [[:en:Ernest_Gellner|Ernest Gellner]] considered Ibn Khaldun's definition of [[:en:Government|government]], &quot;an institution which prevents injustice other than such as it commits itself&quot;, the best in the history of [[:en:Political_theory|political theory]].&lt;ref&gt;Ernest Gellner, ''Plough, Sword and Book'' (1988), p. 239&lt;/ref&gt; His theory of [[:en:Social_conflict|social conflict]] contrasts the sedentary life of city dwellers with the migratory life of nomadic people, which would result in conquering the cities by the desert warriors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor=3590803|title=Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldûn Orientalist|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-and-theory_2003-02_42_1/page/61|last1=Hannoum|first1=Abdelmajid|journal=History and Theory|year=2003|volume=42|issue=1|pages=61–81|doi=10.1111/1468-2303.00230}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Abdul_Karim_Jili|Abdul Karim Jili]]
|
|Iraq
|1366–1424
|Sufi
|Jili was the primary systematizer and commentator of [[:en:Ibn_Arabi|Ibn Arabi]]'s works. His ''Universal Man'' explains Ibn Arabi's teachings on reality and human perfection, which is among the masterpieces of [[:en:Sufi|Sufi]] [[:en:Literature|literature]].&lt;ref&gt;Peters, F.E. (1990) ''Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: The Classical Texts and Their Interpretation, Volume III: The Works of the Spirit'' Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, p.254-257;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sunnirazvi.org/qadiri/ego/carnal.htm ''The Qadiriya Sufi Way'' Sunni Razvi Society] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231192011/http://www.sunnirazvi.org/qadiri/ego/carnal.htm|date=2006-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jili thought of the Absolute Being as a Self, which later on influenced [[:en:Muhammad_Iqbal|Muhammad Iqbal]].&lt;ref&gt;Allama Muhammad Iqbal in his letter dated 24 January 1921 to R.A. Nicholson (''Letters of Iqbal''  Iqbal Academy, Lahore (1978), pp. 141–42)&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Jami|Jami]]
|[[File:Jami_poet.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jami_poet.jpg|122x122px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1414–1492
|Sufi
|His [[:en:Haft_Awrang|Haft Awrang]] (Seven Thrones) includes seven stories, among which ''Salaman and Absal'' tells the story of a sensual attraction of a prince for his wet-nurse,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Lingwood|first=Chad|title=Jami's Salaman va Absal: Political Statements and Mystical Advice Addressed to the Aq Qoyunlu Court of Sultan Ya'qub (d. 896/1490)|journal=Iranian Studies|date=March 2011|volume=44|issue=2|pages=174–191|doi=10.1080/00210862.2011.541687|s2cid=154384698}}&lt;/ref&gt; through which Jami uses figurative symbols to depict the key stages of the [[:en:Sufi|Sufi]] path such as repentance.&lt;ref name=&quot;huart1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Huart|first=Cl.|author2=Masse, H.|title=Djami, Mawlana Nur al-Din 'Abd ah-Rahman|journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lingwood175&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Lingwood|first=Chad|title=Jami's Salaman va Absal: Political Statements and Mystical Advice Addressed to the Aq Qoyunlu Court of Sultan Ya'qub (d. 896/1490)|journal=Iranian Studies|date=March 2011|volume=44|issue=2|pages=175–191|doi=10.1080/00210862.2011.541687|s2cid=154384698}}&lt;/ref&gt; The mystical and philosophical explanations of the nature of divine mercy, is also among his works.&lt;ref name=&quot;rizvi1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rizvi|first=Sajjad|title=The Existential Breath of al-rahman and the Munificent Grace of al-rahim: The Tafsir Surat al-Fatiha of Jami and the School of Ibn Arabi|journal=Journal of Qur'anic Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Bahāʾ_al-dīn_al-ʿĀmilī|Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī]]
|[[File:Sheik_bahayi.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sheik_bahayi.jpg|80x80px]]
|Levant, Jabal Amel
|1547–1621
|
|Regarded as a leading scholar and [[:en:Mujaddid|mujaddid]] of the seventeenth century,&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica&quot; /&gt; he worked on [[:en:Tafsir|tafsir]], [[:en:Hadith|hadith]], [[:en:Grammar|grammar]] and [[:en:Fiqh|fiqh]] (jurisprudence).&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica&quot; /&gt; In his work ''Resāla fi’l-waḥda al-wojūdīya'' (Exposition of the concept of &quot;Unity of Existences&quot;), he states that the [[:en:Sufi|Sufis]] are the true believers, &quot;calls for an unbiased assessment of their utterances, and refers to his own mystical experiences.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Iranica&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Kohlberg|first1=E.|title=BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿĀMELĪ|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-al-din-ameli-shaikh-mohammad-b|website=Encyclopedia Iranica|access-date=December 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mir_Damad|Mir Damad]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|?–1631
|
|Professing in the Neoplatonizing Islamic Peripatetic traditions of [[:en:Avicenna|Avicenna]] and [[:en:Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi|Suhrawardi]], he was the main figure (together with his student [[:en:Mulla_Sadra|Mulla Sadra]]), of the cultural revival of [[:en:Iran|Iran]]. He was also the central founder of the [[:en:School_of_Isfahan|School of Isfahan]], and is regarded as the Third Teacher (mu'alim al-thalith) after [[:en:Aristotle|Aristotle]] and [[:en:Al-Farabi|al-Farabi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nasr|2006|p=214}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Taqwim al-Iman'' (Calendars of Faith), ''Kitab Qabasat al-Ilahiyah'' (Book of the Divine Embers of Fiery Kindling), ''Kitab al-Jadhawat'' (Book of Spiritual Attractions) and [[:en:Sirat_al-Mustaqim|Sirat al-Mustaqim]] (The Straight Path) are among his 134 works.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Nasr|2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mir_Fendereski|Mir Fendereski]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1562–1640
|
|He was trained in the works of [[:en:Avicenna|Avicenna]], and [[:en:Mulla_Sadra|Mulla Sadra]] studied under him.&lt;ref&gt;Fazlur Rahman, ''The Philosophy of Mullā Ṣadrā (Ṣadr Al-Dīn Al-Shirāzī)'', SUNY Press, 1975&lt;/ref&gt; His main work''al-Resāla al-ṣenāʿiya'', is an examination of the arts and professions in perfect society, and combines a number of genres and subject areas such as political and ethical thought and metaphysics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mir-fendereski-sayyed-amir-abul-qasem|title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mulla_Sadra|Mulla Sadra]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1571–1641
|Shia
|According to [[:en:Oliver_Leaman|Oliver Leaman]], Mulla Sadra is the most important influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years.&lt;ref&gt;Leaman (2007), p.146&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H027.htm Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirazi) (1571/2-1640)] by John Cooper&lt;/ref&gt; He is regarded as the master of [[:en:Ishraqi|Ishraqi]] school of Philosophy who combined the many areas of the [[:en:Islamic_Golden_Age|Islamic Golden Age]] philosophies into what he called the [[:en:Transcendent_Theosophy|Transcendent Theosophy]]. He brought &quot;a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of [[:en:Reality|reality]]&quot; and created &quot;a major transition from [[:en:Essentialism|essentialism]] to [[:en:Existentialism|existentialism]]&quot; in Islamic philosophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamal&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9 &amp; 39}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also created for the first time a &quot;distinctly Muslim school of [[:en:Hikmah|Hikmah]] based especially upon the inspired doctrines which form the very basis of Shiism,&quot; especially what contained in the [[:en:Nahj_al-Balagha|Nahj al-Balagha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mian Sharif&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Sharif|first1=Mian Mohammad|title=History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol 2|date=1966|publisher=Allgauer Heimatverlag GmbH|location=Germany|pages=938, 920 &amp; 907|author-link=Muhammad Sharif}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Qazi_Sa’id_Qumi|Qazi Sa’id Qumi]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1633–1692
|
|He was the pupil of [[:en:Rajab_Ali_Tabrizi|Rajab Ali Tabrizi]], [[:en:Muhsen_Feyz|Muhsen Feyz]] and [[:en:Abd_al-Razzaq_Lahiji|Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji]], and wrote comments on the Theology attributed to Aristotle, a work which Muslim philosophers have always continued to read. His commentaries on [[:en:Al-Tawhid|al-Tawhid]] by [[:en:Al-Shaykh_al-Saduq|al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] is also famous.&lt;ref&gt;Corbin (1993), pp.346–347&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi|Shah Waliullah]]
|
|India
|1703–1762
|
|He attempted to reexamine Islamic theology in the view of modern changes. His main work ''The Conclusive Argument of God'' is about Muslim theology and is still frequently referred to by new Islamic circles. ''Al-Budur al-bazighah'' (The Full Moons Rising in Splendor) is another work of him in which he explains the basis of faith in view of rational and traditional arguments.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jalbani2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Jalbani|first=G.N.|title=Life of Shah Wali Allah|year=2006|publisher=Kitab Bhavan|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788171513703|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3qbYgEACAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ikram64&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Muslim civilization in India|year=1964|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231025805|author=S. M. Ikram|author-link=S. M. Ikram|editor=Ainslie T. Embree|editor-link=Ainslie T. Embree|access-date=April 12, 2013|chapter=XIX. A Century of Political Decline: 1707–1803|chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Syed_Ameer_Ali|Syed Ameer Ali]]
|[[File:SyedAmeerAli.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SyedAmeerAli.jpg|104x104px]]
|India
|1849–1928
|Modernist
|Sir Syed Ameer Ali was a British-Indian scholar achieving [[:en:Order_of_the_Star_of_India|''order of the star of India'']]. He was one of the leading Islamic scholars India who tried to bring modernity in Islam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ali, Syed Ameer – Banglapedia|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ali,_Syed_Ameer|access-date=2020-12-08|website=en.banglapedia.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022153158/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ali,_Syed_Ameer|archive-date=2020-10-22|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Instead of revolting against British Empire, he tried to popularize modern education such as learning English language. Two of his most famous books are – ''The Spirit of Islam'' and ''Short History Of The Saracens''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-10-24|title=Syed Ameer Ali {{!}} Former Judge in the Calcutta High Court.|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/syed-ameer-ali/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Story Of Pakistan|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Muhammad_Iqbal|Muhammad Iqbal]]
|[[File:Allama_Iqbal.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allama_Iqbal.jpg|center|132x132px]]
|(British India)
Pakistan
|1877–1938
|Modernist/
Sufi
|Other than being an eminent poet, he is recognized as the &quot;Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;aml.org.pk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aml.org.pk/AllamaIqbal.html|title=Allama Muhammad Iqbal Philosopher, Poet, and Political leader|publisher=Aml.Org.pk|access-date=2012-03-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305000639/http://www.aml.org.pk/AllamaIqbal.html|archive-date=2012-03-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; He wrote two books on the topic of ''[[:en:The_Development_of_Metaphysics_in_Persia|The Development of Metaphysics in Persia]]'' and ''[[:en:The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam|The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;bio-iqbalsworks&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Allama Iqbal – biography – Iqbal's works|url=http://www.allamaiqbal.com/person/biography/biotxtread.html|publisher=Iqbal Academy|date=May 26, 2006|format=PHP|access-date=August 6, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In which he revealed his thoughts regarding Islamic Sufism explaining that it trigger the searching soul to a superior understanding of life.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio-iqbalsworks&quot; /&gt; God, the meaning of prayer, human spirit and Muslim culture are among the other issues discussed in his works.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio-iqbalsworks&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Muhammad_Husayn_Tabatabaei|Seyed Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei]]
|[[File:Allame-Tabatabai-youth.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allame-Tabatabai-youth.jpg|120x120px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1892–1981
|Shia
|He is famous for ''[[:en:Tafsir_al-Mizan|Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', the [[:en:Quran|Quranic]] [[:en:Exegesis|exegesis]]. His philosophy is centered on the sociological treatment of human problems.&lt;ref name=&quot;Algar&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Algar|first1=Hamid|title=Biography of Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=University of California, Berkeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his later years he would often hold study meetings with [[:en:Henry_Corbin|Henry Corbin]] and [[:en:Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr|Seyyed Hossein Nasr]], in which the classical texts of divine knowledge and gnosis along with what Nasr calls comparative gnosis were discussed. [[:en:Shi'a_Islam_(Book)|Shi'a Islam]], ''The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism'' ({{lang-fa|Usul-i-falsafeh va ravesh-i-ri'alism}}) and ''Dialogues with Professor Corbin'' ({{lang-fa|Mushabat ba Ustad Kurban}}) are among his works.&lt;ref name=&quot;Algar&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ghulam_Ahmed_Perwez|Ghulam Ahmed Perwez]]
|
|Pakistan
|1903–1985
|Modernist/
[[:en:Quranism|Quranist]]
|He was a famous theologian from Pakistan inspired by [[:en:Muhammad_Iqbal|Muhammad Iqbal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2014-09-21|title=The rise and fall of a spiritual rebel|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1132974|access-date=2020-12-05|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Being a protege of Allama Muhammad Iqbal his main focus was to separate between ''&quot;Deen&quot;'' and ''&quot;Madhab&quot;''. According to him Islam was revelated as Deen which's main purpose was to create a successful and happy society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introduction: Islam – A Challenge to Religion by Allama Ghulam Ahmad Parwez {{!}} Allama Ghulam Ahmad Parwez|url=https://www.newageislam.com/books-and-documents/allama-ghulam-ahmad-parwez/introduction--islam--a-challenge-to-religion-by-allama-ghulam-ahmad-parwez/d/1555|access-date=2020-12-05|website=www.newageislam.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He rejected the idea of a state being ruled by Islamic scholars, although he also criticized western secularism.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2015-08-13|title=Shaping histories: The most influential books in Pakistan|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1200253|access-date=2020-12-05|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He firmly believed that Islam isn't based on blind faith but rational thinking. His most famous book is ''&quot;Islam: A Challenge to Religion&quot;.''
|-
|[[:en:Abul_A'la_Maududi|Abul A'la Maududi]]
|
|Pakistan
|1903–1979
|
|His major work is [[:en:The_Meaning_of_the_Qur'an|The Meaning of the Qur'an]] in which he explains that The Quran is not a book of abstract ideas, but a Book which contains a message which causes a movement.&lt;ref&gt;1979, Tafhimul Qur'an, Vol. I, Lahore, pp. 334&lt;/ref&gt;  Islam, he believes, is not a 'religion' in the sense this word is usually comprehended, but a system encompassing all areas of living.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A. Maududi's 'Towards Understanding Islam'|url=http://www.geocities.com/alummah2000/MeaningOfIslam.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024074605/http://geocities.com/alummah2000/MeaningOfIslam.html|archive-date=2009-10-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his book ''[[:en:Islamic_Way_of_Life|Islamic Way of Life]]'', he largely expanded on this view.
|-
|[[:en:Henry_Corbin|Henry Corbin]]
|
|France
|1903–1978
|
|He was a [[:en:Philosopher|philosopher]], [[:en:Theologian|theologian]] and professor of [[:en:Islamic_studies|Islamic Studies]] at the [[:en:University_of_Paris|Sorbonne]] in [[:en:Paris|Paris]] where he encountered [[:en:Louis_Massignon|Louis Massignon]], and it was he who introduced Corbin to the writings of [[:en:Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi|Suhrawardi]] whose work affected the course of Corbin's life.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia of Religion&quot;&gt;[http://www.bookrags.com/research/corbin-henry-eorl-03/ Corbin, Henry] an article by Encyclopedia of Religion&lt;/ref&gt; In his History of Islamic Philosophy, he refuted the view that philosophy among the Muslims came to an end after Averroes, showed rather that a vivid philosophical activity persisted in the eastern Muslim world – especially Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia of Religion&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Abdel_Rahman_Badawi|Abdel Rahman Badawi]]
|
|Egypt
|1917–2002
|
|He adopted existentialism since he wrote his ''Existentialist Time'' in 1943. His version of existentialism, according to his own description, differs from Heidegger's and other existentialists in that it gives preference to action rather than thought. in his later work,''Humanism And Existentialism In Arab Thought'', however, he tried to root his ideas in his own culture.&lt;ref&gt;Mona Mikhail (1992), ''Studies in the Short Fiction of Mahfouz and Idris'', [[NYU Press]], p. 28&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Abdul-Rahman Badawi|url=http://www.arabphilosophers.com/English/philosophers/modern/modern-names/eAbdul_Rahman_Badawi.htm|website=Philosophers of the Arabs}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Morteza_Motahhari|Morteza Motahhari]]
|[[File:مرتضی_مطهری_در_جوانی.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg|106x106px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1919–1979
|Shia
|Considered among the important influences on the ideologies of the [[:en:Islamic_Republic|Islamic Republic]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Manouchehr Ganji|title=Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NboVl-CeYs0C&amp;pg=PA109|access-date=8 August 2013|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-97187-8|pages=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; he started from the [[:en:Hawza|Hawza]] of [[:en:Qom|Qom]]. Then he taught philosophy in the [[:en:University_of_Tehran|University of Tehran]] for 22 years. Between 1965 and 1973, however, he gave regular lectures at [[:en:Hosseiniye_Ershad|the Hosseiniye Ershad]] in Northern Tehran, most of which have been turned into books on Islam, Iran, and historical topics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kasra|first=Nilofar|title=Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari|url=http://iichs.org/index_en.asp?id=1627&amp;doc_cat=16|work=IICHS|access-date=July 27, 2013|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042954/http://iichs.org/index_en.asp?id=1627&amp;doc_cat=16|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mohammad-Taqi_Ja'fari|Mohammad-Taqi Ja'fari]]
|[[File:Məhəmməd_Təği_Cəfəri.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d_T%C9%99%C4%9Fi_C%C9%99f%C9%99ri.jpg|111x111px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1923–1998
|Shia
|He wrote many books on variety of fields, the most prominent of which are his 15-volume Interpretation and Criticism of [[:en:Rumi|Rumi]]'s [[:en:Masnavi|Masnavi]], and his unfinished, 27-volume Translation and Interpretation of the [[:en:Nahj_al-Balagha|Nahj al-Balagha]]. These works shows his ideas in fields like anthropology, sociology, moral ethics, philosophy and mysticism.
|-
|[[:en:Mohammed_Arkoun|Mohammed Arkoun]]
|
|Algeria
|1928–2010
|Modernist
|He wrote on Islam and modernity trying to rethink the role of Islam in the contemporary world.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arkoun&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=In Memory of Professor Mohammed Arkoun|url=http://iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=111895|website=The Institute of Ismaili Studies|access-date=October 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020042420/http://iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=111895|archive-date=October 20, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his book ''Rethinking Islam: Common Questions, Uncommon Answers'' he offers his responses to several questions for those who are concerned about the identity crisis which left many Muslims estranged from both modernity and tradition. ''The Unthought In Contemporary Islamic Thought'' is also among his works.&lt;ref name=&quot;Arkoun&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Arkoun|first1=Mohammed|title=Rethinking Islam: Common Questions, Uncommon Answers|url=https://archive.org/details/rethinkingislamc00arko|translator=Robert D. Lee|date=July 4, 1994|publisher=Westview Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Israr_Ahmed|Israr Ahmed]]
|
|Pakistan
|1932–2010
|
|He is the author of ''Islamic Renaissance: The Real Task Ahead'' in which he explains the theoretical idea of the [[:en:Caliphate|Caliphate]] system, arguing that it would only be possible by reviving [[:en:Iman_(concept)|Iman]] and faith among the Muslims in general and intelligentsia in particular. This would, he argues, fill the existing gap between new sciences, and Islamic divine knowledge.&lt;ref&gt;Mumtaz Ahmad, &quot;Media-Based Preachers and the Creation of New Muslim Publics in Pakistan,&quot; NBR Special Report 22, February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Ali_Shariati|Ali Shariati]]
|[[File:Dr_Ali_Shariati.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dr_Ali_Shariati.jpg|105x105px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1933–1977
|Modernist/
Shia
|Ali Shariati Mazinani (Persian: علی شریعتی مزینانی,  23 November 1933 – 18 June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who focused on the sociology of religion. He is held as one of the most influential Iranian intellectuals of the 20th century[3] and has been called the &quot;ideologue of the Iranian Revolution&quot;, although his ideas ended up not forming the basis of the Islamic Republic
|-
|[[:en:Abdollah_Javadi-Amoli|Abdollah Javadi-Amoli]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1933–
|Shia
|His works are dedicated to Islamic philosophy and especially [[:en:Mulla_Sadra|Mulla Sadra]]'s transcendent philosophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kamal&quot; /&gt; [[:en:Tasnim|Tafsir Tasnim]] is his exegesis of the [[:en:Quran|Quran]] in which he follows [[:en:Muhammad_Husayn_Tabataba'i|Tabatabaei]]'s [[:en:Tafsir_al-Mizan|Tafsir al-Mizan]], in that he tries to interpret a verse based on other verses.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Javadi Amoli|title=Tasnim: Tafsir of Quran|date=2013|publisher=Asra|location=Tehran}}&lt;/ref&gt; His other work ''As-Saareh-e-Khelqat'' is a discussion about the philosophy of faith and evidence of the existence of God.
|-
|[[:en:Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr|Seyyed Hossein Nasr]]
|[[File:Hossein_nasr.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hossein_nasr.jpg|99x99px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1933–
|Sufi/Shia
|He is a major [[:en:Perennial_philosophy|perennialist thinker]]. His works defend Islamic and perennialist doctrines and principles while challenging the theoretical underpinnings of modern science.  He argues that [[:en:Desacralization_of_knowledge|knowledge has been desacralized]] in the [[:en:Human_history#Modern_history|modern period]], that is, separated from its divine source—God—and calls for its [[:en:Resacralization_of_knowledge|resacralization]] through [[:en:Tradition_(perennialism)|sacred traditions]] and [[:en:Scientia_sacra|sacred science]]. His [[:en:Environmental_philosophy|environmental philosophy]] is expressed in terms of [[:en:Islamic_environmentalism|Islamic environmentalism]] and the [[:en:Resacralization_of_nature|resacralization of nature]].
|-
|[[:en:Sadiq_Jalal_al-Azm|Sadiq Jalal al-Azm]]
|[[File:Sadiq_Jalal_al-Azm_at_UCLA_5-10-06.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sadiq_Jalal_al-Azm_at_UCLA_5-10-06.jpg|80x80px]]
|Turkey
|1934–2016
|
|He was working on [[:en:Immanuel_Kant|Immanuel Kant]], though, later in his life, he put greater emphasis on the [[:en:Islam|Islamic]] world and its relationship to the West. He was also a supporter of [[:en:Human_rights|human rights]], intellectual freedom and free speech.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/050609/2005060901.html|title=Syrian intellectuals call on the Baath congress to revive 'Damascus spring'|date=2005-09-06|publisher=ArabicNews.com|access-date=2009-01-15|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060319115555/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/050609/2005060901.html|archive-date=2006-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mohammad-Taqi_Mesbah-Yazdi|Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1934–2021
|Shia
|He is an Islamic [[:en:Faqih|Faqih]] who has also studied works of [[:en:Avicenna|Avicenna]] and [[:en:Mulla_Sadra|Mulla Sadra]]. He supports [[:en:Islamic_philosophy|Islamic philosophy]] and in particular [[:en:Mulla_Sadra|Mulla Sadra]]'s transcendent philosophy. His book ''Philosophical Instructions: An Introduction to Contemporary Islamic Philosophy'' is translated into English.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Miṣbāḥ Yazdī|first1=Muḥammad Taqī|title=Philosophical Instructions: An Introduction to Contemporary Islamic Philosophy|date=1999|translator=Aẓīm Sarvdalīr|translator2=Hajj Dr Muḥammad Legenhausen|publisher=Binghamton University and Brigham Young University}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mohammad_Baqir_al-Sadr|Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr]]
|
|Iraq
|1935–1980
|Shia
|He was an [[:en:Iraq|Iraqi]] [[:en:Shia_Islam|Shia]] philosopher and founder of the [[:en:Islamic_Dawa_Party|Islamic Dawa Party]]. His ''Falsafatuna'' (Our Philosophy) is a collection of basic ideas concerning the world, and his way of considering it. These concepts are divided into two researches: The theory of knowledge, and the philosophical notion of the world.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Ayatullah Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr|title=Our Philosophy- Falsafatuna|url=http://www.al-islam.org/our-philosophy-falsafatuna-ayatullah-muhammad-baqir-sadr|publisher=Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|access-date=2014-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014111141/http://www.al-islam.org/our-philosophy-falsafatuna-ayatullah-muhammad-baqir-sadr|archive-date=2014-10-14|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mohammed_Abed_al-Jabri|Mohammed Abed al-Jabri]]
|
|Morocco
|1935–2010
|Modernist
|His work ''Democracy, Human Rights and Law in Islamic Thought'' while shows the distinctive nationality of the Arabs, reject the philosophical discussion which have tried to ignore its democratic deficits. Working in the tradition of [[:en:Avincenna|Avincenna]] and [[:en:Averroes|Averroes]], he emphasizes that concepts such as democracy and law cannot rely on old traditions, nor could be import, but should be created by today's Arabs themselves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Al Jabri|first1=Mohammed Abed|title=Democracy, Human Rights and Law in Islamic Thought|date=December 9, 2008|publisher=I. B. Tauris}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Formation of Arab Reason: Text, Tradition and the Construction of Modernity in the Arab World'' is also among his works.
|-
|[[:en:Abdolkarim_Soroush|Abdolkarim Soroush]]
|[[File:Abdolkarim_Soroush_02.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abdolkarim_Soroush_02.jpg|80x80px]]
|Persia (Iran)
|1945–
|Shia/
Neoplatonist
|Being interested in the philosophy of religion and the philosophical system of [[:en:Rumi|Rumi]], his book ''the evolution and devolution of religious knowledge'' argues that &quot;a religion (such as Islam) may be divine and unchanging, but our understanding of religion remains in a continuous flux and a totally human endeavor.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;vahid&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Vahid|first1=Hamid|title=Islamic Humanism: From Silence to Extinction a Brief Analysis of Abdulkarim Soroush's Thesis of Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge|date=2005|publisher=Center of Islam and Science|location=Tehran, Iran|page=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Jahanbakhsh|first1=Forough|title=Islam, Democracy and Religious Modernism in Iran, 1953–2000: From Bazargan to Soroush|url=https://archive.org/details/islamdemocracyre00jaha|url-access=limited|date=2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamdemocracyre00jaha/page/n153 145]|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004119826}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Javed_Ahmad_Ghamidi|Javed Ahmed Ghamidi]]
|[[File:Javed_Ahmed_Ghamidi.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Javed_Ahmed_Ghamidi.jpg|101x101px]]
|Pakistan
|1951–
|Modernist
|Javed Ahmed Ghamidi is a Pakistani theologian. He is regarded as one of the contemporary modernists of Islamic world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-07|title=Javed Ahmad Ghamidi: A Modernist Reformist – OpEd|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/07042020-javed-ahmad-ghamidi-a-modernist-reformist-oped/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Eurasia Review|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Like [[:en:Ghulam_Ahmed_Perwez|''Parwez'']] he also promotes rationalism and secular thought with deen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2014-12-30|title=10 Unique viewpoints of scholar Javed Ghamidi|url=http://www.convergencestride.com/2014/12/10-unique-viewpoints-scholar-javed-ghamidi/|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Convergence Stride|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821214914/http://www.convergencestride.com/2014/12/10-unique-viewpoints-scholar-javed-ghamidi/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghamidi is also popular for his moderate [[:en:Fatwa|fatwas]]. Ghamidi also holds the view of [[:en:Democracy|democracy]] being compatible with Islam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Monthly Renaissance – Content|url=http://www.monthly-renaissance.com/issue/content.aspx?id=1158|access-date=2020-12-08|website=www.monthly-renaissance.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202073102/http://www.monthly-renaissance.com/issue/content.aspx?id=1158|archive-date=2012-12-02|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Gary_Legenhausen|Gary Legenhausen]]
|
|US
|1953–
|
|''Islam and Religious Pluralism'' is among his works in which he advocates &quot;non-reductive religious pluralism&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Legenhausen|first1=Gary|title=Islam and Religious Pluralism|url=http://www.uibk.ac.at/theol/leseraum/texte/626.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his paper &quot;The Relationship between Philosophy and Theology in the Postmodern Age&quot; he is trying to examine whether philosophy can agree with theology.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Legenhausen|first1=Muhammad|title=The Relationship between Philosophy and Theology in the Postmodern Age|date=12 March 2013|url=http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol14-n1/relationship-between-philosophy-and-theology-postmodern-age}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Mostafa_Malekian|Mostafa Malekian]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1956–
|Shia
|He is working on ''Rationality and Spirituality'' in which he is trying to make Islam and reasoning compatible. His major work ''A Way to Freedom'' is about spirituality and wisdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Mansour Nejad|first1=Mohammad|title=Naqdi bar Ostadan be Bahane Tajlil|date=1389|publisher=Javan Pooya Publication|location=Tehran|language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Insha-Allah_Rahmati|Insha-Allah Rahmati]]
|
|Persia (Iran)
|1966–
|
|His fields of can be summarized as follows: [[:en:Ethics|Ethics]] and [[:en:Philosophy_of_religion|Philosophy of Religion]] and [[:en:Islamic_philosophy|Islamic Philosophy]]. Most of his work in these three areas.
|-
|[[:en:Shabbir_Akhtar|Shabbir Akhtar]]
|
|England
|1960–
|Neo-orthodox Analytical philosophy
|This Cambridge-trained thinker is trying to revive the tradition of Sunni Islamic philosophy, defunct since Ibn Khaldun, against the background of western analytical philosophical method. His major treatise is ''The Quran and the Secular Mind'' (2007).
|-
|[[:en:Tariq_Ramadan|Tariq Ramadan]]
|[[File:Tariq_Ramadan_Profile_Image.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tariq_Ramadan_Profile_Image.png|80x80px]]
|Switzerland/
France
|1962–
|Modernist
|Working mainly on Islamic theology and the place of Muslims in the West,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tariqramadan.com/Reading-the-Koran.html Reading the Koran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609003736/http://www.tariqramadan.com/Reading-the-Koran.html|date=2011-06-09}}. Tariq RAMADAN (2008-01-07). Retrieved on 2011-01-30.&lt;/ref&gt; he believes that western Muslims must think up a &quot;Western Islam&quot; in accordance to their own social circumstances.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Livingstone|first1=David|title=Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism &amp; the New Age|page=594|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYy7TTmQoD4C|isbn=9781481226509|date=2013-06-16|publisher=David Livingstone}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[:en:Yusuf_Morales|Yusuf Morales]]
|
|Philippines
|
|Sunni-Sufi
|Counter-Terrorism Developmental Security Practitioner, Cultural and Religious Educator and Cultural worker. Lead Convenor of Consortium for Peacebuilders, Governance Development and Security Studies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ateneo de Davao University|title=Advisory Board|url=http://alqalam.addu.edu.ph/about-us/advisory-board/|website=Ateneo de Davao University|access-date=20 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Morales|first1=Yusuf|title=Yusuf Morales|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/yusuf-morales-405a1933/?originalSubdomain=ph|website=linkedin|access-date=20 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

* Jerin masana falsafa
* Falsafar Musulunci
* Farkon Falsafar Musulunci
* Falsafar Musulunci ta zamani
* [[Ulama'u|Malaman Musulunci]]
* Jerin malaman falsafa na Iran

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Notelist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ Falsafar Musulunci Online]
* [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/journal/index.html Jaridar Falsafar Musulunci]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>O Le Ku</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Salma Raddah</username>
        <id>45959</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373728119|O Le Ku]]&quot;</comment>
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O Le Ku fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Najeriya na 1997 wanda Tunde Kelani ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni. An samo shi ne daga littafin Farfesa Akinwunmi Ishola mai suna iri ɗaya. An sake shi a cikin 1997 ta Mainframe Film da Television Productions . [1] An yi shi a sassa biyu.[2]

== Makirci ==
''O Le Ku'' ya ba da labarin Ajani, dalibi na farko na [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] wanda ke cikin shekara ta ƙarshe. Yana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mahaifiyarsa don neman abokin tarayya kuma ba tare da saninsa ba ya sami kansa a cikin ƙaunar soyayya. Ya yi jima'i da mata uku a lokaci guda; Asake, malamin makarantar sakandare shine budurwarsa ta dogon lokaci. Ya sadu da Lola, mai sanyi wanda yake da tsayi, mai laushi kuma kyakkyawa. Yanayin ya zama mai rikitarwa lokacin da ya sadu da wani sananne tun yana yaro wanda daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki mataki na tsakiya na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2011 |title=&quot;Nollywood&quot; Yoruba Film Project: Kelani Film Selections |url=https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/sites/coerll.utexas.edu.coerll/files/nollywood-kelani-film-selections.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=COERLL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014134835/https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/sites/coerll.utexas.edu.coerll/files/nollywood-kelani-film-selections.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-14 |access-date=2021-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-26 |title=Life + Times: 7 must-see classics from legendary filmmaker, Tunde Kelani |url=https://thenativemag.com/7-must-see-classics-legendary-filmmaker-tunde-kelani/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |website=NativeMag |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifin Asake ya sa ta yanke dangantakarta da Ajani amma duk da haka ta yi ciki, kuma Lola ta gano kuma Ajani dole ne ya zaɓi matar a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mahaifiyarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Masu ba da labari ==

* [[Yemi Shodimu]] a matsayin Ajani
* Feyikemi Abodunrin a matsayin Asake
* Pauline Dike a matsayin Lola
* Omolola Amusan a matsayin Sade
* [[Lere Paimo]] a matsayin Adeleke, mahaifin Asake
* [[Kola Oyewo]] a matsayin Oloye Ajasa
* [[Afeez Oyetoro|Hafiz Oyetoro]]
* Toun Oni
* Gboyega Olomodosi
* Tunde Adegbola a matsayin Jami'in
* Dupe Taylor a matsayin Yarinyar Jami'in
* [[Lanre Hassan]] a matsayin Awero
* Lai Karounwi a matsayin Soja
* Deji Adenuga
* Laide Adewale a matsayin Farfesa 1
* Larinde Akinleye
* [[Akinwunmi Isola|Akinwunmi Ishola]] a matsayin Farfesa 2
* Tunde Awosanmi
* Cecilia Kechere a matsayin Femi

== Fitarwa ==
An yi fim din da wasu muhimman sassan fim din a Jami'ar Ibadan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sadiq |first=Zainab |date=2014-11-25 |title=9 Nollywood Films That Ruled the 90s |url=https://tns.ng/9-nollywood-films-ruled-90s/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143600/https://tns.ng/9-nollywood-films-ruled-90s/ |archive-date=2021-05-10 |access-date=2021-05-08 |website=TNS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓar baƙi ==
An ce ''O Le Ku'' ya haifar da gajeren salon [[aso oke]] [[Al'adun Najeriya na gargajiya|Iro da Buba]] wanda ake kira Oleku . 

An jera shi a matsayin daya daga cikin labaran Nollywood guda goma daga 90s.

[[Akin Adesokan]] a cikin littafinsa na 2011 ya bayyana fim din a matsayin &quot;mafi kyawun misali na fim din yaren Yoruba a Nollywood game da yadda 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da' yan wasan kwaikwayo ke bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a cikin harshen Yoruba &quot;marasa fahimta&quot;.

An karbe shi don koyar da masu koyon yaren Yoruba na kasashen waje a cibiyoyi a Amurka da Turai saboda ma'aunin yaren Yoroba da aka yi magana a fim din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Soetan |first=Olusegun |title=The Hearthstone: Language, Culture, and Politics in the Films of Tunde Kelani |url=https://ojcs.isg.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/polymath/article/viewFile/3305/1335 |url-status=dead |journal=Polymath: An Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508172225/https://ojcs.isg.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/polymath/article/viewFile/3305/1335 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |access-date=2021-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Saworoide]]
* [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 1997|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 1997]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>45959</id>
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      <origin>971265</origin>
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      <text bytes="4176" sha1="spw3m29mn000nt9bhlpfuye3rsv2u21" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

O Le Ku fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Najeriya na 1997 wanda Tunde Kelani ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni. An samo shi ne daga littafin Farfesa Akinwunmi Ishola mai suna iri ɗaya. An sake shi a cikin 1997 ta Mainframe Film da Television Productions . [1] An yi shi a sassa biyu.[2]

== Makirci ==
''O Le Ku'' ya ba da labarin Ajani, dalibi na farko na [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] wanda ke cikin shekara ta ƙarshe. Yana ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mahaifiyarsa don neman abokin tarayya kuma ba tare da saninsa ba ya sami kansa a cikin ƙaunar soyayya. Ya yi jima'i da mata uku a lokaci guda; Asake, malamin makarantar sakandare shine budurwarsa ta dogon lokaci. Ya sadu da Lola, mai sanyi wanda yake da tsayi, mai laushi kuma kyakkyawa. Yanayin ya zama mai rikitarwa lokacin da ya sadu da wani sananne tun yana yaro wanda daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki mataki na tsakiya na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2011 |title=&quot;Nollywood&quot; Yoruba Film Project: Kelani Film Selections |url=https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/sites/coerll.utexas.edu.coerll/files/nollywood-kelani-film-selections.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=COERLL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014134835/https://www.coerll.utexas.edu/coerll/sites/coerll.utexas.edu.coerll/files/nollywood-kelani-film-selections.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-14 |access-date=2021-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-26 |title=Life + Times: 7 must-see classics from legendary filmmaker, Tunde Kelani |url=https://thenativemag.com/7-must-see-classics-legendary-filmmaker-tunde-kelani/ |access-date=2021-05-08 |website=NativeMag |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifin Asake ya sa ta yanke dangantakarta da Ajani amma duk da haka ta yi ciki, kuma Lola ta gano kuma Ajani dole ne ya zaɓi matar a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mahaifiyarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Masu ba da labari ==

* [[Yemi Shodimu]] a matsayin Ajani
* Feyikemi Abodunrin a matsayin Asake
* Pauline Dike a matsayin Lola
* Omolola Amusan a matsayin Sade
* [[Lere Paimo]] a matsayin Adeleke, mahaifin Asake
* [[Kola Oyewo]] a matsayin Oloye Ajasa
* [[Afeez Oyetoro|Hafiz Oyetoro]]
* Toun Oni
* Gboyega Olomodosi
* Tunde Adegbola a matsayin Jami'in
* Dupe Taylor a matsayin Yarinyar Jami'in
* [[Lanre Hassan]] a matsayin Awero
* Lai Karounwi a matsayin Soja
* Deji Adenuga
* Laide Adewale a matsayin Farfesa 1
* Larinde Akinleye
* [[Akinwunmi Isola|Akinwunmi Ishola]] a matsayin Farfesa 2
* Tunde Awosanmi
* Cecilia Kechere a matsayin Femi

== Fitarwa ==
An yi fim din da wasu muhimman sassan fim din a Jami'ar Ibadan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sadiq |first=Zainab |date=2014-11-25 |title=9 Nollywood Films That Ruled the 90s |url=https://tns.ng/9-nollywood-films-ruled-90s/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143600/https://tns.ng/9-nollywood-films-ruled-90s/ |archive-date=2021-05-10 |access-date=2021-05-08 |website=TNS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓar baƙi ==
An ce ''O Le Ku'' ya haifar da gajeren salon [[aso oke]] [[Al'adun Najeriya na gargajiya|Iro da Buba]] wanda ake kira Oleku . 

An jera shi a matsayin daya daga cikin labaran Nollywood guda goma daga 90s.

[[Akin Adesokan]] a cikin littafinsa na 2011 ya bayyana fim din a matsayin &quot;mafi kyawun misali na fim din yaren Yoruba a Nollywood game da yadda 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da' yan wasan kwaikwayo ke bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a cikin harshen Yoruba &quot;marasa fahimta&quot;.

An karbe shi don koyar da masu koyon yaren Yoruba na kasashen waje a cibiyoyi a Amurka da Turai saboda ma'aunin yaren Yoroba da aka yi magana a fim din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Soetan |first=Olusegun |title=The Hearthstone: Language, Culture, and Politics in the Films of Tunde Kelani |url=https://ojcs.isg.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/polymath/article/viewFile/3305/1335 |url-status=dead |journal=Polymath: An Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508172225/https://ojcs.isg.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/polymath/article/viewFile/3305/1335 |archive-date=2021-05-08 |access-date=2021-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Saworoide]]
* [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 1997|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 1997]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Inale''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2010 wanda Keke Bongos ya samar kiɗa Jeta Amata ya ba da umarni.[1][2] Fim din wanda taurari Caroline Chikezie da Hakeem Kae-Kazim suka taka rawa, an saita shi a Otukpo kuma yana ba da labarin Inale da Ode, waɗanda suke ƙaunar juna amma al'ada ce ke barazanar ƙaunarsu yayin da Ode dole ne ya lashe gasar kokawa ta al'ada kafin ya iya ɗaukar hannun Inale a aure. 

Fim din ya fara ne a Legas a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;Rozay, Teefah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rozay, Teefah |date=26 October 2010 |title=Inale Premieres in Lagos |url=http://www.that1960chick.com/2010/10/26/red-carpet-inale-premieres-in-lagos/#sthash.UlHzlCk6.dpbs |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=that1960chick.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an sadu da shi tare da karɓar karɓa. Ya sami gabatarwa biyar a 7th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma daga ƙarshe ya lashe rukunin don Achievement in Soundtrack . &lt;ref name=&quot;AMAA Nominations 2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 February 2011 |title=AMAA Nominations 2011 |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302124149/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011 |archive-date=2 March 2011 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=Africa Film Academy |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ce ''Inale'' yayi kama da wani labari game da [[Mutanen Idoma|Idomaland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Elthan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=John, Elnathan |date=3 November 2010 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: INALE by Jeta Amata |url=http://elnathanjohn.blogspot.com/2010/11/movie-review-inale-by-jeta-amata.html |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Elnathan's Dark Corner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105134212/http://elnathanjohn.blogspot.com/2010/11/movie-review-inale-by-jeta-amata.html |archive-date=5 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
Odeh da Gimbiya Inale suna cikin soyayya. Koyaya, bisa ga al'adun ƙasar, Odeh dole ne ya yi gwagwarmaya da wasu masu neman Inale don ya sami hannun Inale a cikin aure. Odeh ya yi gwagwarmaya da mutane da yawa kuma ya ci nasara a duk fadace-fadace; Sarki Oche, Sarkin [[Otukpo]] da mahaifin Inale sun ayyana Odeh a matsayin mai nasara. Kafin bikin kokawa ya ƙare, wani baƙo mai rufe fuska ya bayyana kuma ya kalubalanci Odeh zuwa yaƙi; Baƙo ya ci nasara kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin Yarima Agaba, Yarima daga Apah, ƙauyen da ke kusa, wanda ya kasance cikin dogon rikici tare da Otukpo. Sarkin ya bayyana sabon mai nasara kuma ya gaya wa Yarima Agaba cewa za a raka matarsa zuwa ƙauyensa washegari.

Inale ya jefa cikin baƙin ciki cikin dare, amma sarki ya ki yin sulhu duk da rokon Sarauniya, Ochanya da sauran mutanen fadar. Kashegari, Inale ta gaya wa Odeh da tabbaci cewa za ta dawo masa, yayin da 'yar'uwarta, Princess Omei da baiwarta, Omada suka raka ta zuwa Apah. A lokacin hutu a cikin tafiyarsu, a lokacin da Omei ba ya nan Omada ya tura Inale cikin kogi don nutsar kuma ya yi wa Omei ƙarya cewa Inale ya kashe kansa. Daga ƙarshe matan sun kammala cewa Omada ya yi kamar shi Inale ne ga Yarima Agaba da mutanen Apah, waɗanda ba su san yadda yarima take ba, don kauce wa yaƙi tsakanin al'ummomin biyu. Duo ɗin sun isa Apah, tare da Omada da aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin Inale da Ome a matsayin baiwa; Da zaran Omada ta zama Sarauniya, sai ta fara wulakanta Omei. A sakamakon haka Omei ta yi ƙoƙari ta buɗe wa mutane game da yanayin abubuwa, amma babu wanda zai yarda da ita.

Ɗaya daga cikin masu gadi a Apah ya gane Omei a matsayin gimbiya kuma ya 'yantar da ita daga gidan kurkuku da Omada ya sanya ta. Omei ta koma kogi inda Inale ta nitse, kuma Inale wanda yanzu ya zama mermaid ya bayyana mata; Inale ta gaya mata duk abin da Omada ya yi mata kuma ta bayyana cewa ba za ta iya barin kogi ba, don kada ta mutu. A wani lokaci, Odeh a cikin baƙin cikinsa ya yi yawo zuwa wannan kogi, kuma ya ga Inale. Ta gaya masa cewa don ta iya kasancewa tare da shi, dole ne ya kalubalanci Yarima Agaba don sakewa kuma ya ci shi; sai dai a wannan lokacin ne za a iya 'yantar da ita, kuma idan ba a yi wannan ba kafin faɗuwar rana ta gaba, Inale za ta tafi har abada. Odeh ya sake duels tare da Agaba kuma an ci shi sau biyu, kafin Odeh ya ci Agaba. Agaba ya mika Omada ga Odeh, kuma Odeh ya sanar da kowa ainihin Omada. Odeh da Agaba sun gudu zuwa kogi kuma sun ceci Inale, yayin da Omada ya shiga cikin gandun daji kuma ba a sake ganinsa ba. Inale da Odeh sun yi aure, yayin da Yarima Agaba ya auri Omei, kuma ƙauyuka biyu sun haɗu don zama babbar ƙasa ɗaya.

== Masu ba da labari ==

* [[Caroline Chikezie]] a matsayin Inale
* [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] a matsayin Ode
* [[Dede Mabiaku]] a matsayin Sarki Oche
* [[Ini Edo]] a matsayin Omada
* [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Ekpeyong]] a matsayin Yarima Agaba
* Lola Shokeye a matsayin Gimbiya Omei
* Eunice Philips a matsayin Sarauniya Ochanya
* [[Mbong Amata]] a matsayin Keke
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]] a matsayin Ori
* [[Omawumi|Omawumi Megbele]] a matsayin Ene

== Fitarwa ==
An harbe fim din a wurin da ke Benue da [[Los Angeles]], [[California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 May 2011 |title=INALE shines at Monaco International Charity Film Festival |url=http://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/inale-shines-at-monaco-international-charity-film-festival/ |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=wetinhappen.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Waƙoƙi da sauti ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Joel Goffin ne ya kirkiro waƙoƙin ''Inale'' kuma ya zira kwallaye. Fim din ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin asali daga Bongos Ikwue, wanda ya kirkiro waƙoƙinsa. Jeta Amata ta rubuta wasu waƙoƙi. Dukkanin waƙoƙin an rubuta su ne a BIK Studios, Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2010 |title=Caroline Chikezie Stars In Nigerian Movie &quot;Inale&quot; |url=http://www.star1960.com/movies-tv/caroline-chikezie-stars-in-nigerian-movie-inale/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227031900/http://www.star1960.com/movies-tv/caroline-chikezie-stars-in-nigerian-movie-inale/ |archive-date=27 February 2015 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=star1960}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jerin waƙoƙi ===
 
An saki wasan kwaikwayo na ''Inale'' a ranar 23 ga Yuni 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deji |date=28 March 2011 |title=&quot;Inale&quot;- theatrical trailer |url=http://www.gidilounge.com/movies/inale-theatrical-trailer/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907020118/http://www.gidilounge.com/movies/inale-theatrical-trailer/ |archive-date=7 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Gidilounge}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara shi ne a Legas a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2010  kuma an fara shi a Abuja a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rozay, Teefah&quot; /&gt; An fitar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo a watan Nuwamba a cikin fina-finai da aka zaɓa a duk faɗin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title=INALE – in Theatres! |url=http://www.goldenicons.com/inale-in-theatres/ |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Golden Icons Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, an sake shi a lokacin bikin Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara ta 2011 ta hanyar 2012.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Movie: INALE Hits National Theatre |url=http://olorisupergal.com/movie-inale-hits-national-theatre/ |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Olori Supergal}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saki fim din daga baya a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 26 ga Yulin 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akitobi, Emmanuel |date=15 July 2012 |title=Nigerian Musical 'Inale' To Make South Africa Big-Screen Debut (Starring Caroline Chikezie, Hakeem Kae-Kazim, Ini Edo) |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/nigerian-musical-inale-to-make-south-africa-big-screen-premiere-starring-caroline-chikezie-hakeem-kae-kazim |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906223645/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/nigerian-musical-inale-to-make-south-africa-big-screen-premiere-starring-caroline-chikezie-hakeem-kae-kazim |archive-date=6 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=Shadow and Act}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karɓar baƙi ==

=== Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci ===
''Inale'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa; yayin da aka yaba da ita saboda kyawawan abubuwan da ta samar, an soki ta saboda labarun ta. Victor Olatoye na Nollywood Critics ya ba shi taurari 4 kuma ya ce: &quot;Idan kun yi sha'awar fim din gargajiya na Nollywood da aka samar da kyau ina ba da shawarar ganin Inale. Wannan fim ne na Nollywood wanda kowa zai iya jin daɗi. Abubuwan gani sun kasance masu kyau, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun yi aiki ba tare da ƙoƙari ba&quot;. Ya yaba da fim din, gyare-gyare da sauti na fim din, amma ya yi magana a kan kiɗa, wanda yake jin ba na gargajiya ba ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olatoye, Victor O. |title=Inale |url=http://www.nollywoodcritics.com/Archives_Display.aspx?Videoid=302 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906224027/http://www.nollywoodcritics.com/Archives_Display.aspx?Videoid=302 |archive-date=6 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Nollywood Critics}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Elnathan John]], a gefe guda, ya yaba da kiɗa amma ya yi kuskuren rubutun da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na rawa da fada. Ya kammala da cewa: &quot;Yana da babban yunkuri na samar da kiɗa. Kokarin yana da yabo; duk da haka burinsa ya zama kamar lalacewarsa. Yawancin lokaci da albarkatu sun zama kamar ana zuba su cikin samarwa don cutar da ainihin tushen fim din - rubutun Lazy, samarwa mai kyau, rashin kulawa ga muhimman bayanai; Wasu bayanai marasa mahimmanci sun zama kamar dai darektan yana so [] don burge masu sauraron Najeriya fiye da yin fim mai kyau. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Elthan&quot; /&gt; {{Sic}}Osugo Joshua-Karis ya ba shi 7 daga 10, yana mai cewa: &quot;''Inale'' yana taɓa labarin soyayya, yaƙi da al'ada. A cikin duka, ''Inale'' babban fim ne don shakatawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joshua-Karis, Osugo |date=19 October 2013 |title=Inale |url=http://movieevolution.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/inale/#sthash.DevOeBCO.Am6IGmTx.dpbs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906223031/http://movieevolution.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/inale/#sthash.DevOeBCO.Am6IGmTx.dpbs |archive-date=6 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=[[Covenant University]] |publisher=Movie Evolution}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Godiya gaisuwa ===
''Inale'' ta sami gabatarwa biyar a 7th Africa Movie Academy Awards; gami da kyaututtuka don [[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Nigerian Film|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya]], [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Fim Mafi Kyawun Soundtrack|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Soundtrack]], Nasarar a cikin Tasirin Kayayyaki, Nasarar A cikin Makeup da Nasarar da Aka samu a cikin Tsarin Kayan Kayan Kashi. Daga ƙarshe ya lashe kyautar don Achievement a Soundtrack . Har ila yau, ta sami gabatarwa biyar a 2011 Best of Nollywood Awards kuma ta lashe rukunin &quot;Best Soundtrack of the Year&quot;. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa hudu a 2011 Nigeria Entertainment Awards kuma ya lashe &quot;Mafi yawan Fim mai nishaɗi&quot; a 2011 Monaco Charity Film Festival Awards .
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;
|+Cikakken jerin kyaututtuka
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Masu karɓa da waɗanda aka zaba
!Sakamakon
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] (7th Africa Movie Academy Awards) &lt;ref name=&quot;AMAA Nominations 2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Nigerian Film|Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya]]
|[[Jeta Amata]]| {{Nom}}
|-
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Fim Mafi Kyawun Soundtrack|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Soundtrack]]
|Joel Goffin, Bongos Ikwue| {{Won}}
|-
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Tasirin Bayani]]
|Thomas R. Dickens, Clint Nitkiewicz Hernandez| {{Nom}}
|-
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Makeup|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin kayan shafawa]]
|Temisan Etsede| {{Nom}}
|-
|[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka don Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawa|Nasarar da aka samu a cikin zane-zane]]
|Jane Unogwu| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi kyawun Mujallar Nollywood]] ([[2011 Best of Nollywood Awards|2011 Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2011 |title=BON Awards Nominees |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2011/09/15/the-2011-best-of-nollywood-b-o-n-award-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306170624/http://jaguda.com/2011/09/15/the-2011-best-of-nollywood-b-o-n-award-nominees/ |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Jaguda.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Cinematography na Shekara
|James M. Costello| {{Nom}}
|-
|Amfani da Kayan Kayan Kwarewa
|Jane Unogwu| {{Nom}}
|-
|Daraktan Shekara
|[[Jeta Amata]]| {{Nom}}
|-
|Soundtrack na Shekara
|Joel Goffin, Bongos Ikwue| {{Won}}
|-
|Mafi Kyawun Sauti a Fim
|Martin Kittappa, Justin Scott Dixon| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya]] (2011 Kyautar Nishiri ta Najeriya) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 May 2011 |title=NIGERIA ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS: NOMINEES |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.blogspot.com/2011/05/nominees-for-nigerian-entertainment.html |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=Nollywood Mindspace |publisher=Nollywood by Mindspace}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Mafi kyawun Actor A Fim
|[[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]]| {{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fim
|[[Caroline Chikezie]]| {{Nom}}
|-
|Hoton da ya fi dacewa
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Jeta Amata]]| {{Nom}}
|-
|Mafi kyawun Gudanarwa A Fim| {{Nom}}
|-
|Bikin Fim na Monaco (Monaco Charity Film Festival Awards na 2011) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=26 May |date=26 May 2011 |title='INALE' MOST ENTERTAINING MOVIE IN 2011…Monaco Charity Film Festival |url=http://www.olamildent.com/2011/05/inale-most-entertaining-movie-in.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906223552/http://www.olamildent.com/2011/05/inale-most-entertaining-movie-in.html |archive-date=6 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Olamildent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MONACO CHARITY FILM FESTIVAL AWARDS 2011 |url=http://www.monacofilmfestival.de/100-0-Awards-2011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719045719/http://www.monacofilmfestival.de/100-0-Awards-2011.html |archive-date=19 July 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Monaco Film Festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Fim mafi ban sha'awa| {{Won}}
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website|http://inalethemovie.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|1744772|Inale}}
* {{YouTube|jLc527cd2jg|''Inale'' trailer}}


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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367627997|Inale]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Inale''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2010 wanda Keke Bongos ya samar kiɗa [[Jeta Amata]] ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inale - An African Musical fairytale |url=http://www.nollywoodwatch.com/inale-%E2%80%93-african-musical-fairytale/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906225155/http://www.nollywoodwatch.com/inale-%E2%80%93-african-musical-fairytale/ |archive-date=6 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Nollywood Watch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fim din wanda taurari [[Caroline Chikezie]] da [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] suka taka rawa,  an saita shi a [[Otukpo]] kuma yana ba da labarin Inale da Ode, waɗanda suke ƙaunar juna amma al'ada ce ke barazanar ƙaunarsu yayin da Ode dole ne ya lashe gasar kokawa ta al'ada kafin ya iya ɗaukar hannun Inale a aure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ikeji, Linda |date=4 August 2010 |title=Jeta Amata's new movie, Inale |url=http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/31660/4/jeta-amatas-new-movie-inale.html |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=The Nigerian Voice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fim din ya fara ne a Legas a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;Rozay, Teefah&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rozay, Teefah |date=26 October 2010 |title=Inale Premieres in Lagos |url=http://www.that1960chick.com/2010/10/26/red-carpet-inale-premieres-in-lagos/#sthash.UlHzlCk6.dpbs |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=that1960chick.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an sadu da shi tare da karɓar karɓa. Ya sami gabatarwa biyar a 7th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma daga ƙarshe ya lashe rukunin don Achievement in Soundtrack . &lt;ref name=&quot;AMAA Nominations 2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 February 2011 |title=AMAA Nominations 2011 |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302124149/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011 |archive-date=2 March 2011 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=Africa Film Academy |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ce ''Inale'' yayi kama da wani labari game da [[Mutanen Idoma|Idomaland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Elthan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=John, Elnathan |date=3 November 2010 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: INALE by Jeta Amata |url=http://elnathanjohn.blogspot.com/2010/11/movie-review-inale-by-jeta-amata.html |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Elnathan's Dark Corner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin labari ==
Odeh da Gimbiya Inale suna cikin soyayya. Koyaya, bisa ga al'adun ƙasar, Odeh dole ne ya yi gwagwarmaya da wasu masu neman Inale don ya sami hannun Inale a cikin aure. Odeh ya yi gwagwarmaya da mutane da yawa kuma ya ci nasara a duk fadace-fadace; Sarki Oche, Sarkin [[Otukpo]] da mahaifin Inale sun ayyana Odeh a matsayin mai nasara. Kafin bikin kokawa ya ƙare, wani baƙo mai rufe fuska ya bayyana kuma ya kalubalanci Odeh zuwa yaƙi; Baƙo ya ci nasara kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin Yarima Agaba, Yarima daga Apah, ƙauyen da ke kusa, wanda ya kasance cikin dogon rikici tare da Otukpo. Sarkin ya bayyana sabon mai nasara kuma ya gaya wa Yarima Agaba cewa za a raka matarsa zuwa ƙauyensa washegari.

Inale ya jefa cikin baƙin ciki cikin dare, amma sarki ya ki yin sulhu duk da rokon Sarauniya, Ochanya da sauran mutanen fadar. Kashegari, Inale ta gaya wa Odeh da tabbaci cewa za ta dawo masa, yayin da 'yar'uwarta, Princess Omei da baiwarta, Omada suka raka ta zuwa Apah. A lokacin hutu a cikin tafiyarsu, a lokacin da Omei ba ya nan Omada ya tura Inale cikin kogi don nutsar kuma ya yi wa Omei ƙarya cewa Inale ya kashe kansa. Daga ƙarshe matan sun kammala cewa Omada ya yi kamar shi Inale ne ga Yarima Agaba da mutanen Apah, waɗanda ba su san yadda yarima take ba, don kauce wa yaƙi tsakanin al'ummomin biyu. Duo ɗin sun isa Apah, tare da Omada da aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin Inale da Ome a matsayin baiwa; Da zaran Omada ta zama Sarauniya, sai ta fara wulakanta Omei. A sakamakon haka Omei ta yi ƙoƙari ta buɗe wa mutane game da yanayin abubuwa, amma babu wanda zai yarda da ita.

Ɗaya daga cikin masu gadi a Apah ya gane Omei a matsayin gimbiya kuma ya 'yantar da ita daga gidan kurkuku da Omada ya sanya ta. Omei ta koma kogi inda Inale ta nitse, kuma Inale wanda yanzu ya zama mermaid ya bayyana mata; Inale ta gaya mata duk abin da Omada ya yi mata kuma ta bayyana cewa ba za ta iya barin kogi ba, don kada ta mutu. A wani lokaci, Odeh a cikin baƙin cikinsa ya yi yawo zuwa wannan kogi, kuma ya ga Inale. Ta gaya masa cewa don ta iya kasancewa tare da shi, dole ne ya kalubalanci Yarima Agaba don sakewa kuma ya ci shi; sai dai a wannan lokacin ne za a iya 'yantar da ita, kuma idan ba a yi wannan ba kafin faɗuwar rana ta gaba, Inale za ta tafi har abada. Odeh ya sake duels tare da Agaba kuma an ci shi sau biyu, kafin Odeh ya ci Agaba. Agaba ya mika Omada ga Odeh, kuma Odeh ya sanar da kowa ainihin Omada. Odeh da Agaba sun gudu zuwa kogi kuma sun ceci Inale, yayin da Omada ya shiga cikin gandun daji kuma ba a sake ganinsa ba. Inale da Odeh sun yi aure, yayin da Yarima Agaba ya auri Omei, kuma ƙauyuka biyu sun haɗu don zama babbar ƙasa ɗaya.

== Masu ba da labari ==

* [[Caroline Chikezie]] a matsayin Inale
* [[Hakeem Kae-Kazim]] a matsayin Ode
* [[Dede Mabiaku]] a matsayin Sarki Oche
* [[Ini Edo]] a matsayin Omada
* [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Ekpeyong]] a matsayin Yarima Agaba
* Lola Shokeye a matsayin Gimbiya Omei
* Eunice Philips a matsayin Sarauniya Ochanya
* [[Mbong Amata]] a matsayin Keke
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]] a matsayin Ori
* [[Omawumi|Omawumi Megbele]] a matsayin Ene

== Fitarwa ==
An harbe fim din a wurin da ke Benue da [[Los Angeles]], [[California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 May 2011 |title=INALE shines at Monaco International Charity Film Festival |url=http://www.wetinhappen.com.ng/inale-shines-at-monaco-international-charity-film-festival/ |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=wetinhappen.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Waƙoƙi da sauti ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

== Saki ==
An saki wasan kwaikwayo na ''Inale'' a ranar 23 ga Yuni 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deji |date=28 March 2011 |title=&quot;Inale&quot;- theatrical trailer |url=http://www.gidilounge.com/movies/inale-theatrical-trailer/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907020118/http://www.gidilounge.com/movies/inale-theatrical-trailer/ |archive-date=7 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Gidilounge}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara shi ne a Legas a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2010  kuma an fara shi a Abuja a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rozay, Teefah&quot; /&gt; An fitar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo a watan Nuwamba a cikin fina-finai da aka zaɓa a duk faɗin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title=INALE – in Theatres! |url=http://www.goldenicons.com/inale-in-theatres/ |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Golden Icons Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, an sake shi a lokacin bikin Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara ta 2011 ta hanyar 2012.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Movie: INALE Hits National Theatre |url=http://olorisupergal.com/movie-inale-hits-national-theatre/ |access-date=30 August 2014 |publisher=Olori Supergal}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saki fim din daga baya a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 26 ga Yulin 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akitobi, Emmanuel |date=15 July 2012 |title=Nigerian Musical 'Inale' To Make South Africa Big-Screen Debut (Starring Caroline Chikezie, Hakeem Kae-Kazim, Ini Edo) |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/nigerian-musical-inale-to-make-south-africa-big-screen-premiere-starring-caroline-chikezie-hakeem-kae-kazim |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906223645/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/nigerian-musical-inale-to-make-south-africa-big-screen-premiere-starring-caroline-chikezie-hakeem-kae-kazim |archive-date=6 September 2014 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=Shadow and Act}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Harsunan Daru</title>
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      <text bytes="4553" sha1="cu6r6quxmhncg5d28fyji84bqgcq855" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language family|name=Duru|region=northern [[Cameroon]], eastern [[Nigeria]]|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Savanna languages|Savannas]]|fam4=[[Leko–Nimbari languages|Leko–Nimbari]]|child1=''Duli''|child2=Dii|child3=Voko–Dowayo|glotto=samb1323|glottorefname=Samba Duru}}

'''Harsunan Duru''' rukuni ne na harsunan Savanna da ake magana da su a arewacin [[Kamaru]] da gabashin [[Najeriya]] . An yi musu lakabi da &quot;G4&quot; a cikin shawarwarin iyali da harshen [[Yaren Adamawa|Adamawa]] na Joseph Greenberg .

Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) kuma yana lura da kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin Samba-Duru da Harsunan Gur ta Tsakiya . 

== Harsuna ==

* Duli (bacewa)
* Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ), Dii (Mambe', Mamna'a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
* Peere (Kutin)
* Longto (Voko)
* Vere-Dowayo
** Dowayo
** Sewe
** Koma
** Vere

Duk da haka, Guldemann (2018) ya sanya shakku kan haɗin kai na Samba–Duru a matsayin ƙungiyar gamayya. 

== Rabuwa ==
A cikin rukunin Ayyukan Harsunan Adamawa, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) ya rarraba ƙungiyar Samba-Duru kamar haka (duba kuma harsunan Leko ). &lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/ Samba-Duru group]. Adamawa Languages Project.&lt;/ref&gt;

; Samba-Duru

* Vere (Verre) 
** Jango (Mama Jango) &lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/mom-jango/ Notes on Jango (Mom Jango)].&lt;/ref&gt;
** Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaada)
** Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
** Nissim-Eilim
** Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
** Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
** Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
** Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
* Gəmme (Gimme) ( Koma ) &lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Gimme-Vere-Doyayo.pdf Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists].&lt;/ref&gt;
** Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Rikici
** Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Banime
* Doyayo ( &lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/doyayo/ Doyayo].&lt;/ref&gt; . (Na Poli); Na gode (na tsaunin dutse)
* Duru
** Dii cluster
** Dugun (Paape, Sa)
** Duupa (Paape)
** Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zane Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
** Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
* Samba (Samba Leeko, Leko)
** Samba tari
** Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako, Nyong )
** Kolbila &lt;ref&gt;Littig, Sabine (2017). [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/samba-duru-group/samba-duru-languages/kolbila/ Kolbila: Geography and history].&lt;/ref&gt;
** Pɛrɛma ( Mace )

== Sunaye da wurare ==
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 75%;&quot;
!Harshe
! Tari
! Yaruka
! Madadin rubutun kalmomi
! Sunan kansa don harshe
! Wasu sunaye (na tushen wuri)
! Sauran sunaye na harshe
! Masu magana
! Wuri(s)
|-
| Ina Jango
|
|
|
| Ina Jango
| Vere (duba kuma Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (a Kamaru )
|
| Jimlar 20,000 (ciki har da Momĩ, 4,000 a Kamaru (1982 SIL)
| [[Adamawa|Adamawa State]], Fufore LGA
|-
| Momi
|
|
|
| Ziri
| Vere (wannan kuma ya haɗa da Mama Jango, qv), Were, Verre, Kobo (a cikin Kamaru )
|
| 20,000 (ciki har da Mama Jango), 4,000 a Kamaru (1982 SIL)
| [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Yola da Fufore LGAs; kuma a Kamaru
|-
| '''''Koma cluster'''''
| Koma
| Ba a da tabbas game da wasiku tsakanin sunayen Kamaru da Najeriya
| Kuma, Koma (kalmar murfin Fulfulde don Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM yana ɗaukar su a matsayin dabam ko da yake harsunan da ke da alaƙa)
|
|
|
| 3,000 (1982 SIL); mafi rinjaye a Kamaru
| [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Ganye da Fufore LGAs, a cikin tsaunin Alantika ; kuma a Kamaru
|-
| Gomme
| Koma
|
| Girmama
|
|
| Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe
|
|
|-
| Gomnome
| Koma
|
| Gomneme
|
|
| Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo
|
|
|-
| Ndera
| Koma 
|
|
|
|
| Vomni, Doome, Doobe
|
|
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Nassoshi ==

* Roger Blench, 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin harsunan Adamawa] (ms)

 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/samba-duru-group/ Samba-Duru] (Adamawa Languages Project)
[[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Harsunan Adamawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Harsunan Mumuye–Yendang</title>
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'''Harsunan Mumuye–Yendang''' gungun harsunan Savanna ne da ake magana da su a gabashin [[Najeriya]] . An yi musu lakabi da &quot;G5&quot; a cikin shawarwarin iyali da harshen [[Yaren Adamawa|Adamawa]] na Joseph Greenberg .

* Harsunan Mumuye
* Yaren Yendang

Güidemann bai yadda da haɗin kan su ba a (2018).&lt;ref name=&quot;Guldemann&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Africa|last=Güldemann|first=Tom|editor-last=Güldemann|editor-first=Tom|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|chapter=Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-042606-9|doi=10.1515/9783110421668-002|location=Berlin|pages=58-444|series=The World of Linguistics series|volume=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]] da Yendang kawai suna da sama da masu magana sama da 5,000. Mumuye shine yaren Adamawa wanda akafi amfani dashi.

== Kara karantawa ==

* Shimizu, Kiyoshi. 1979. ''Nazarin kwatancen yarukan Mumuye (Nigeria)'' . (Marburger Studien zur Afrika- und Asienkunde A14). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Nassoshi ==

* Roger Blench, 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin harsunan Adamawa] (ms)
[[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]]
[[Category:Harsunan Adamawa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Harsunan Mbum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>70751</id>
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      <text bytes="2790" sha1="dy56tvxl6m87kehhvdqa6iypzu7z549" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language family|name=Mbum|altname=Kebi-Benue|region=southern [[Chad]], northwestern [[Central African Republic|CAR]], northern [[Cameroon]], eastern [[Nigeria]]|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Savanna languages|Savannas]]|fam4=[[Mbum–Day languages|Mbum–Day]]|child1=Central|child2=Northern|child3=''Mbum''|glotto=mbum1257|glottorefname=Mbumic}}
Harsuna '''Mbum''' ko '''Kebi-Benue''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Lakka''' a cikin kunkuntar yanki &lt;ref&gt;Boyd, Raymond. 1974. Étude Comparative dans le groupe Adamawa. (Société d'études linguistiques et anthropologiques de France, 46.) Paris: Centre National de la Récherche Sciéntifique&lt;/ref&gt; ) rukuni ne na reshen [[Harsunan Mbum-Ray|Mbum – Day]] na [[Yaren Adamawa|harsunan Adamawa]], da ake magana a kudancin [[Cadi|Chadi]], arewa maso yammacin [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da Gabashin [[Najeriya]] . Sanannen membansu shine Mbum ; sauran harsunan cikin rukunin sun haɗa da Tupuri da Kare .

An yi musu lakabi da &quot;G6&quot; a cikin shawarar Joseph Greenberg ta harshen [[Yaren Adamawa|Adamawa]] .

== Harsuna ==

* Southern Mbum: Mbum dace, Mbere, Gbete
* South West Mbum : [Limbum na Wimbum]
* Mbum ta tsakiya
** Karang: Karang (Mbum, Laka), Nzakambay (Njak Mbai), Pana, Ngumi, Kare (Kãrɛ̃)
** Koh: Kuo (Koh), Sakpu
* Mbum ta Arewa
** Dama–Galke: Dama, Ndai (Galke, Pormi), Mono, Kali
** Tupuri–Mambai: Mangbai, Mundang, Tupuri

Bugu da ƙari, Pondo, Gonge, Tale, Laka, Pam da To ba su da alaƙa a cikin Mbum. To shi ne sirrin yaren ƙaddamar da maza na Gbaya . Ana zargin Dek a wasu kafofin amma a fili ba a tantance ba.

La'bi, harshen al'ada na esoteric na ƙaddamar da namiji a tsakanin Gbaya Kara, Mbum, da wasu Sara Laka, yana da alaƙa da Mbum. Yana da lamuni masu yawa daga ɗaya ko fiye da harsunan Sara . &lt;ref&gt;Yves Moñino, 1977. &quot;Conceptions du monde et langue d'initiation ''la'bi'' de Gbaya-Kara&quot;, ''Langages et cultures africaines'', Paris, Maspero.&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran harsunan farawa a cikin dangin Mbum sune To (Gbaya, amma tare da asalin Mbum), Dzel, da Ngarage. &lt;ref&gt;Elders, Stefan. 2006. Issues in comparative Kebi-Benue (Adamawa). Africana Linguistica XII. 37-88.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* Roger Blench, 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin harsunan Adamawa] (ms)

 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-039 Binciken zamantakewa na yaren Mambay na Chadi da Kamaru (PDF)] na Cameron Hamm, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-039.
[[Category:Harsunan Kamaru]]
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    <title>Harsunan Savannas</title>
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'''Harsunan Savannas''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Gur–Adamawa''' ko '''Adamawa–Gur''', reshe ne na [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Nijar – Kongo]] wanda ya hada da dangin Gur na Greenberg da na Adamawa–Ubangui .

== Tarihin rarrabawa ==
An nuna hanyar haɗin Gur-Adamawa a cikin Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) &lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1996. 'Relationship between Adamawa and Gur: The case of Waja.' ''Gur Papers / Cahiers Voltaiques'' 1.25–46.&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an yarda da ita kamar yadda masu bincike daga baya suka kafa, waɗanda suka ci gaba da lura da cewa harsunan Adamawa da Gur da kansu ba su kafa ƙungiyoyi masu jituwa kuma ba lallai ba ne su kasance da dangantaka ta kusa. na ciki fiye da yadda suke da juna.

Bennett (1983), ya kuma ambaci reshen ''Arewa ta Tsakiya Nijar-Congo'' wanda ya ƙunshi Gurunsi, “Ubangian”, da ƙungiyoyin Trans-Benue, tare da ƙungiyar ''Trans-Benue'' da ta ƙunshi Burak-Jen (watau [[Harsunan Bikwin-Jen|Bikwin-Jen]] ), Yungur ( watau, [[Harsunan Bena-Mboi|Bena-Mboi]] ), da [[Harsunan Tula-Waja|Tula]] - [[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. &lt;ref&gt;Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: problems and prospects. - in: Dihoff, I. R. (ed.) Current Approaches to African Linguistics. Vol. 1: 23-48.&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai tarin harsunan Adamawa da dama; a cikin harsunan Gur, kawai jigon wannan shawara (Central Gur) an kiyaye shi, kodayake yana yiwuwa wasu daga cikin harsunan 'na gefe' na iya zama alaƙa da juna. Kleinewillinghöfer et al. (2012) lura cewa sake gina azuzuwan proto-Central Gur suna buƙatar haɗa da iyalai da yawa na Adamawa. &lt;ref&gt;Miehe, Kleinewillinghöfer, von Roncador, &amp; Winkelmann, 2012. &quot;[http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/fichiers/nigercongo/abstracts/Kleinewillinghoefer_miehe_von_winkelmann.pdf Overview of noun classes in Gur (II)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725210025/http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/fichiers/nigercongo/abstracts/Kleinewillinghoefer_miehe_von_winkelmann.pdf |date=2018-07-25 }}&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Senufo (tsohon Gur) da [[Harshen Fali|Fali]] (tsohon Adamawa) ba a cire su daga Savannas, saboda da alama wasu daga cikin rassan Nijar – Kongo.

Dimmendaal (2008), ya ware dangin Ubangian daga kasar Nijar – Kongo gabaɗaya, yana mai cewa “wataƙila ya zama dangin harshe mai zaman kansa wanda ba zai iya ko kuma ba za a iya nuna yana da alaƙa da Nijar – Kongo (ko wani iyali),” kodayake Ubangian Harsuna su kansu ba ƙungiya mai inganci ba ne, kuma reshen Gbaya na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da Gur.

Ban da irin wannan banda, DimAdaal bayanin kula da Savannna &quot;ana iya nuna shi da alaƙa da kowane irin yanayi mai mahimmanci. &lt;ref&gt;Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008, &quot;Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent&quot;, ''Language and Linguistics Compass'' 2/5:841.&lt;/ref&gt;

Roger Blench (2012), &lt;ref&gt;Blench, Roger. 2012. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf Niger-Congo: an alternative view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022520/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf |date=2012-12-03 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; ya ɗauki Gur-Adamawa a matsayin ci gaba da harshe ( haɗin kai ) maimakon ainihin reshe mai daidaituwa.

Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) ya lura cewa yawancin harsunan “Adamawa” a haƙiƙa suna da kamanceceniya da harsunan Gur daban-daban (Central) fiye da sauran harsunan Adamawa, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa masu magana da harshen Gur-Adamawa na farko sun noma [[Dawa|masara]] da gero a cikin wani yanayi na savanna daji. &lt;ref&gt;Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harsuna ==
Harsunan Savannas, tare da tsarin agnostic don rarraba cikin gida, sune kamar haka:
 
[[Yaren Oblo]] da ba a san shi ba ya kasance a cikin Adamawa, kuma ba a yi magana da shi a Savannas ba.

Kleinewillinghöfer et al. (2012), lura cewa sake gina tsarin suna ya nuna cewa Waja ('Tula-Waja') da Leko-Nimbari ('Sama-Duru') (da yiwuwar sauran kungiyoyin Adamawa) suna tare da Tsakiyar Gur, kuma sunan suna. Tsarin aji da suke sake ginawa don waɗannan harsuna yayi kama da na Bantu, Senufo, Tiefo, Vyemo, Tusya, da &quot;Samu&quot;.

=== Güldemann (2018). ===
Güldemann (2018), ya gane ma'anar &quot;raka'o'in asali&quot; masu zuwa (8 Gur, 14 Adamawa, da 7 Ubangi) amma ba su da masaniya game da matsayinsu a cikin Niger-Congo. {{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
;[[Gur languages|Gur]] area
#[[Central Gur languages|(Central) Gur]]
#[[Kulango languages|Kulangoic]]
#''[[Miyobe language|Miyobe]]''
#[[Tiefo language|Tiefo]]
#''[[Viemo language|Viemo]]''
#[[Tusya language|Tusian]]
#[[Samo language (Burkina)|Samuic]]
#[[Senufo languages|Senufo]]
{{Col-3}}
;[[Adamawa languages|Adamawa]] area
#[[Tula–Waja languages|Tula-Waja]]
#''[[Longuda language|Longuda]]''
#[[Bena-Mboi languages|Bena-Mboi]]
#[[Bikwin-Jen languages|Bikwin-Jen]]
#[[Duru languages|Samba-Duru]]
#[[Mumuye languages|Mumuyic]]
#[[Yendang languages|Maya]] (Yendangic)
#[[Mbum languages|Kebi-Benue]] (Mbumic)
#[[Kim languages|Kimic]]
#[[Bua languages|Buaic]]
#''[[Day language|Day]]''
#''[[Baa language|Baa]]'' = ''Kwa''
#''[[Nyingwom language|Nyingwom]]'' = ''Kam''
#''[[Fali languages (Cameroon)|Fali]]''
{{Col-3}}
;[[Ubangian languages|Ubangi]] area
#[[Gbaya languages|Gbayaic]]
#[[Zande languages|Zandic]]
#[[Mba languages|Mbaic]]
#[[Ngbaka languages|Mundu-Baka]]
#[[Ngbandi languages|Ngbandic]]
#[[Banda languages|Bandaic]]
#[[Sere languages|Ndogoic]]
{{Col-end}}

== rassa da wurare (Nijeriya) ==
Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin manyan rassan Savannas (Adamawa) da wurarensu na farko (cibiyoyin bambancin) a cikin Najeriya dangane da Blench (2019). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+'''Rarraba rassan Adamawa a Najeriya''' 
! Reshe
! Wurare na farko
|-
| [[Harsunan Daru|Duru]] (Vere)
| [[Fufore]] LGA, [[Adamawa|Adamawa State]]
|-
| [[Harsunan Leko|Leko]]
| Jihohin [[Adamawa]] da [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]] ; [[Kamaru]]
|-
| [[Harsunan Mumuye|Mumuye]]
| [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]
|-
| [[Yaren Yendang|Yendang]]
| [[Mayo-Belwa|Mayo Belwa]] and [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] LGAs, [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]]
|-
| [[Harsunan Tula-Waja|Waja]]
| Karamar Hukumar [[Kaltungo]] da [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]]
|-
| ''[[Yaren Nyingwom|Kam]]''
| [[Bali (Nijeriya)|Bali]] LGA, [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]]
|-
| ''[[Yaren Kwah|Ba]]''
| [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] LGA, [[Adamawa|Adamawa State]]
|-
| ''Laka''
| [[Karim Lamido]] LGA, [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]] and [[Yola]] LGA, [[Adamawa|Adamawa State]]
|-
| [[Harsunan Bikwin-Jen|Jen]]
| [[Karim Lamido]] LGA, [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]]
|-
| [[Harsunan Bikwin-Jen|Bikwin]]
| [[Karim Lamido]] LGA, [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]]
|-
| [[Harsunan Bena-Mboi|Yungur]]
| [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] and [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] LGAs, [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]]
|}

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Blench (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin harsunan Adamawa]
* [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-048 Binciken kima cikin sauri da ƙididdigar lexicostatistical na Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai da Oblo (PDF)] na Michael &amp; Charlene Ayotte, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-048.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050107014910/http://www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/19379.pdf Vocabulaires comparés des instruments aratoires dans le Nord-Cameroun], Tourneaux
* [https://www.aai.uni-hamburg.de/afrika/adamawa-gur/ Harsunan Adamawa-Gur]
[[Category:Harsunan Adamawa]]
[[Category:Harsunan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Harshen Koma</title>
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{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Koma Shrine.jpg|thumb|Harshen Koma]]
'''Harshen Koma''' wani rukuni ne na harshe na reshen [[Harsunan Daru|Duru]] na [[Harsunan Savannas]] na Kamaru . Blench (2004) ya haɗa da nau'o'i uku da aka raba a cikin Ethnologue, Koma Ndera, Gɨmne, da Gɨmnɨme; a cikin Koma Ndera، masu magana da yarukan da ke gefen, Gomnome da Ndera, ba za su iya fahimtar juna ba, kodayake dukansu sun fahimci yaren tsakiya, Gomme . 

== Iri-iri ==
Blench (2019) ya lissafa waɗannan nau'ikan harsuna a matsayin wani ɓangare na rukunin Koma. 

* Gomme (Gәmme) (wanda aka fi sani da Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe) 
* Gomnome (Gọmnọme) (wanda aka fi sani da Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo) 
* Ndera (wanda aka fi sani da Vomni, Doome, Doobe) 

Ana magana da nau'ikan yaren Ndera, Gimnime, da Kompana a tsakiyar yankin Alantika Mountains da kuma wani ɓangare na filayen Faro da ke ƙarƙashin Dutsen Alantika (a tsakiyar yankin Beka, Sashen Faro, Yankin Arewa). 

Nau'ikan da aka jera a cikin ''ALCAM'' (2012) sune kamar haka, an jera su daga arewa zuwa kudu: 

* '''Ndera''': ana magana da shi a arewa maso yammacin Tchamba. Ndera da Kobo (nau'i-nau'i na Vere) suna da alaƙa da juna, kuma suna da alaƙar juna kamar yadda Gimnime da Kompana suke da juna. Ndera ba ta da alaƙa da Gimnime da Kompana.
* Gimnime (ethnonym: ''Gimbe''): ana magana da shi a kusa da Wangay, an raba shi tsakanin Gimbe na duwatsu zuwa yammacin Tchamba. Akwai kimanin masu magana da Gimnime 3,000 a yankin Arewa, a cikin Sashen Faro (a cikin garin Beka, a kusa da Wangay). Harshensu ya fi kusa da Kompana fiye da Koma (Koma Ndera). Ana kuma samunsa a Najeriya.
* '''Ritibe''': ana magana da shi a fili zuwa kudu maso yammacin Tchamba. Gimbe da Ritibe sun bambanta da juna kuma ba su da al'adu iri ɗaya.
* '''Kompana''': ya fi ƙuntata a cikin tsaunuka kuma kawai ya kai ga fili a Saptou. Akwai kimanin masu magana da Kompana 3,000 a cikin garin Beka, Sashen Faro. Suna amfani da [[Fillanci|Fulfulde]] a matsayin yare na biyu. Kompana (Koma Kompana) ko ''Gimma'' yana da alaƙa da Koma (Koma Ndera) da Gimnime (Koma Kadam). Ana kuma magana da Kompana a Najeriya.

Kodayake karamar hukuma tana kiran  ''''Koma'' Ndera'', ''Koma Kadam'', da ''Koma Kompana'', kalmar Koma kanta ba ta amfani da ita ta kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.

Sunan ''Koma Ndera'' [[Fulani|Fulbe]] da ƙaramar hukumar Kamaru suna amfani da shi. ''Ndera'' ya samo asali ne daga sunan ƙauye. Har ila yau, kalmomin ''Doabe'' (ethnonym; sunan da ke nufin kabilanci) da ''Doome'' (glossonym; sunan yana nufin harshe) maƙwabcin Gimbe ne ke amfani da su, gami da Kobo, waɗanda ke magana da harshe da ke da alaƙa da Koma Ndera. Léélu, ''Bangru'', ''Zanu'', ''Liu'', da ''Yeru'' sune sunayen (nau'i da yawa) wanda ya dace da ƙauyukan Ndera, Mougini, Boge, Li, da Gede.  Ndera yana cikin Sashen Faro, Yankin Arewa (arewa maso yammacin yankin Chamba Leko) kuma ana magana da shi a Najeriya.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

* [Hasiya] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin harsunan Adamawa] (ms) 
[[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]]
==Manazarta==
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jack Devnarain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74145</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T01:51:26Z</timestamp>
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'''Jack Devnarain''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1971), [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu . &lt;ref name= official&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.jackdevnarain.co.za/about-me| title=About Me| publisher=Jack Devnarain official website| access-date=15 November 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029013622/http://www.jackdevnarain.co.za/about-me| archive-date=29 October 2021| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin The Ghost and the Darkness, Isidingo da ''[[Mayfair (fim)|Mayfair]]'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://faizalsayed.com/index.php/2020/06/26/actor-jack-devnarain-talks-about-his-life-and-activism/| title=Actor Jack Devnarain Talks about his Life and Activism| publisher=faizalsayed| access-date=15 November 2020| archive-date=8 May 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508230712/https://faizalsayed.com/index.php/2020/06/26/actor-jack-devnarain-talks-about-his-life-and-activism/| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa mutum ==
An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1971 a Tongaat, [[Durban]], KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu.  Mahaifiyarsa malamar wasan kwaikwayo .&lt;ref name= PAIA&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.702.co.za/index.php/articles/247810/friday-profile-jack-devnarain-aka-rajesh-kumar| title=Friday Profile: Jack Devnarain aka Rajesh Kumar|publisher=PAIA| access-date=15 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya auri Pam Devnarain kuma mahaifin yara biyu ne.

== Sana'a ==
Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a Durban ta hanyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma. A wannan lokacin, ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar KZN kuma ya kammala a 1993.  A shekara ta 1996, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a fim din The Ghost and the Darkness tare da karamin rawa. 'an nan a cikin 1998, ya bayyana a cikin shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Isidingo tare da rawar goyon baya 'Rajesh Kumar' wanda ya zama sananne sosai. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Ofishin 'yan sanda na tsawon shekaru tara har zuwa 2003 a cikin Rapid Response da Crime Prevention inda ya shahara saboda kamawa da yanke masa hukunci. , ya ci gaba da bayyana a talabijin, sinima da wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin rayuwarsa ta doka.&lt;ref name= jack&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.saguildofactors.co.za/bio/jack-devnarain| title=Jack Devnarain |publisher=saguildofactors | access-date=15 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2002, ya koma Johannesburg don ya zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 2011, ya fito a fim din fashi mai suna 31 million Reasons wanda .  Daga baya ya sami gabatarwa ta SAFTA a matsayin Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Fim.  shekara ta 2015, yana cikin ƙungiyar Trek4Mandela wacce ta kai kololuwa Kilimanjaro a ranar Mandela 2015, wanda shine ƙoƙari na tara kuɗi don tallafawa Caring4Girls. Daga nan  yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kungiyar 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAGA) tun shekara ta 2010.
&lt;ref name= jack/&gt;
A cikin 2018, ya bayyana a cikin fim din aikata laifuka na Indiya ta Kudu mai suna ''[[Mayfair (fim)|Mayfair]]'' .  taka rawar goyon baya na 'Jalaal' a cikin fim din, wanda daga baya ya sami kyakkyawan bita.  kuma nuna fim din a bikin fina-finai na 62 na BFI London da Afirka a bikin fina'a a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018.

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Irin wannan
!Tabbacin.
|-
|1996
|''Ruhu da Duhu''
|Tsoro mai tsananin tsoro na Sikh
|Fim din
|
|-
|1998
|''[[Isidingo|Yana bukatar]]''
|Rajesh Kumar
|Shirye-shiryen talabijin
|
|-
|2004
|''Bride ta Gabas''
|Zahoor Mustafa
|Bidiyo na Gida
|
|-
|2005
|''Birnin Ses'la''
|Uncle Prakash
|Shirye-shiryen talabijin
|
|-
|2008
|''A kan gado''
|Ya kasance
|Shirye-shiryen talabijin
|
|-
|2009
|''Guguwa da Kalahari Horse Whisperer''
|Dokta
|Fim din
|
|-
|2010
|''Hanyar Florida''
|Dokta
|Fim din
|
|-
|2011
|''Dalilai Miliyan 31''
|Ronnie Gopal
|Fim din
|
|-
|2018
|''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yanci' yanci''
|Mista Bhandari
|Karamin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Mayfair (fim)|Mayfair]]''
|Jalaal
|Fim din
|
|-
|TBD
|''Hanyar hanya''
|Dokta Hakeem
|Fim din
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uche Montana</title>
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    <id>74376</id>
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        <id>75</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:UcheMontana.jpg|UcheMontana.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Lymantria|Lymantria]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: https://independent.ng/adozillion-homes-welcomes-uche-montana-as-brand-ambassador-in-exclu</comment>
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'''Uche Nwaefuna''' ⓘ (an haifeta ranar 8 ga watan Mayu 1994)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tosin |first=Alamu |date=2023-02-22 |title=Uche Montana Biography, Net Worth, Wiki, Age, Parents, Husband, Children, Family » NGNews247 |url=https://www.ngnews247.com/uche-montana-biography-net-worth-wiki-age-parents-husband-children-family/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=NGNews247 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716055147/https://www.ngnews247.com/uche-montana-biography-net-worth-wiki-age-parents-husband-children-family/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uche Nwaefuna Biography {{!}} Age {{!}} Career {{!}} Movies {{!}} Naijabiography |url=https://naijabiography.com/biography/uche-nwaefuna-biography/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Naijabiography Media |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=dnbstories |date=2020-09-09 |title=Full biography of Nollywood actress Uche Nwaefuna and other facts about her |url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/09/full-biography-of-nollywood-actress-uche-nwaefuna.html |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=DNB Stories Africa |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya kuma abin koyi. Ana kuma san ta da '''Uche Montana.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uche Nwaefuna Biography, Pictures, Husband Married, Surgery, Real Age |url=https://www.naijacelebbio.com/2021/05/uche-nwaefuna-biography-pictures.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108072235/https://www.naijacelebbio.com/2021/05/uche-nwaefuna-biography-pictures.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018, ta lashe kyautar Moreklue All Youth Awards Africa, wanda kuma aka sani da Maya Awards (Africa), a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin shiri mai dogon zango TV - ''Hush''.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
[[Fayil:Uche Montana.jpg|thumb|Uche Montana]]
[[Fayil:Queenuchemontana.jpg|thumb|Uche Montana]]
An haifi Uche Nwaefuna ranar 8 ga watan Mayu 1994 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya.  Ta taso ne a unguwar [[Garin Festac|Festac]] da ke Legas tare da iyayenta da yayyenta. Ta yi makarantar Loral International School a Festac, inda ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare. Ita ƴar asalin [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta ce]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On A Boulevard of Conquered Dreams |url=https://www.reverbtimemag.com/blogs_on/on-a-boulevard-of-conquered-dreams |access-date=12 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Filmography
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Selected Cast
!Note
|-
|2023
|''Teni's Big Day
|
|{{plainlist|
*[[Nancy Isime]]
*[[IK Ogbonna]]
*[[Keppy Ekpenyong]]
*Maurice Sam
}}
|
|-
|2021
|''Women &amp; Lies''
|
|{{plainlist|
*[[Bimbo Ademoye]]
*Jessica Agu
*[[Lucy Ameh]]
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Women and Lies| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15841948/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=7 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Hide N Seek''
|Uche Montana
|{{plainlist|
*[[Kiki Omeili]]
*Mojisola Adebayo
*[[Bimbo Ademoye]]
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Hide and Seek| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15841948/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=7 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Dream Job''
|Nkechi Okafor
|{{plainlist|
*Pearl Agwu
*[[Sophie Alakija]]
*Toners Beshel
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dream Job| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt14362042/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Tango of Deception''
|
|{{plainlist|
*[[Frederick Leonard (Nigerian actor)|Frederick Leonard]]
*Christina Martin
*Nini Mbonu
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Tango of Deception| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15797798/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Oldest Bridesmaid''
|Vivian
|{{plainlist|
*Munachi Abii
*Efe Israel
*Jimmy Odukoya
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Oldest Bridesmaid| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt14013598/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''My Grand Father's Wife''
|Munachi Snr.
|{{plainlist|
*Adebola Adejumobi
*Denyeefa David Abraham
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=My Grandfather's Wife| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15741452/?ref_=m_nmfmd_act_6|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|''Doubt''
|Rita
|{{plainlist|
*[[Bimbo Ademoye]]
*Gloria Hanson
*[[Mr. Macaroni]]
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Doubt| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15799468/?ref_=m_nmfmd_act_7|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''[[Seven (2019 Nigerian film)|Seven]]''
|Efe
|{{plainlist|
*[[Sadiq Daba]]
*Kehinde Anyị
*Ogunsanwo Anita
}}
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made in Heaven]]''
|Angel
|{{plainlist|
*[[Toyin Abraham]]
*[[Blossom Chukwujekwu]]
*[[Lasisi Elenu]]
*[[Nancy Isime]]
}}
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Hire a Woman (film)|Hire a Woman]]''
|Toyosi
|{{plainlist|
*[[Belinda Effah]]
*[[Alexx Ekubo]]
*[[Nancy Isime]]
*[[Uzor Arukwe]]
}}
|
|-
|2019
|''Mad About you''
|Tommi
|{{plainlist|
*Stephen Damian
*[[Chinyere Wilfred]]
*[[Annie Macaulay-Idibia]]
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Mad About You| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15555052/?ref_=m_nmfmd_act_10|access-date=7 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|''[[Lagos Real Fake Life]]''
|Precious
|{{plainlist|
*[[IK Ogbonna]]
*[[Mike Ezuruonye]]
*[[Nosa Rex]]
*[[Emmanuella|Emmanuella Samuel]]
*[[Mark Angel (comedian)|Mark Angel]]
}}
|
|-
|2018
|''The Eve''
|Bolanle
|{{plainlist|
*[[Beverly Naya]]
*[[John Okafor]]
*Jagila Donatus
*[[Tina Mba]]
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Eve| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8166300/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|'' Homely:What Men Want''
|Suzy
|{{plainlist|
*[[Femi Branch]]
*[[Mary Lazarus]]
*[[Tina Mba]]
}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Homely:What Men Want| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8166300/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|''[[Banana Island Ghost]]''
|Tope
|{{plainlist|
*[[Ali Nuhu]]
*[[Tina Mba]]
*[[Uche Jumbo]]
*[[Dorcas Shola-Fapson]]
}}
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Three Wise Men (2016 film)|Three Wise Men]]''
|Essei
|{{plainlist|
*[[Tina Mba]]
*[[Richard Mofe-Damijo]]
*[[Ebele Okaro]]
*[[Zack Orji]]
*Imabong Effiong
}}
|
|}

==Accolades==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Awards and Nominations
!Year
!Awards
!Category
!Results
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards]]
|Best Supporting Actress (English)-'' What Men Want''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|2018
|[[Maya Awards Africa]]
|Best Actress in TV Series-''Hush''
|{{Won}}
|}

==Manazarta==

{{Reflist}}

===Hanyoyin Hadi na waje=
*{{IMDb name}}
*[http://instagram.com/uchemontana @uchemontana] on [[Instagram]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nwaefuna, Uche}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
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    <title>Moggie Mbaakanyi</title>
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'''Moggie Mbaakanyi 'yar''' Siyasa ce daga [[Botswana]] tare da jam'iyyar Democratic Party ta Botswana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 10, 2008 |title=Mbaakanyi in hot soup for celebrating her primaries victory |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/mbaakanyi-in-hot-soup-for-celebrating-her-primaries-victory/ |access-date=February 28, 2024 |website=[[Sunday Standard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbaakanyi tayi aiki a majalisar dokokin Botswana ta 9. Mbaakanyi ta zama shugaban kungiyar mata ta Botswana a fagen siyasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baputaki |first=Chandapiwa |date=October 22, 2010 |title=Mbaakanyi leads new women's caucus |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/mbaakanyi-leads-new-womens-caucus/news |access-date=February 28, 2024 |website=[[Mmegi Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1952]]
[[Rukuni:Yan siyasar Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jami'ar Jihar Abia</title>
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'''Jami'ar Jihar Abia Uturu''' ('''ABSU''') jami'ar jama'a ce ta Najeriya. Tana ɗaya daga cikin jami'o'in mallakar jihar a [[Najeriya]]. An kirkiro waɗannan cibiyoyin ilimi na jihar don faɗaɗa shigarwa da kawo ƙwarewar kwararru, ƙwarewa da wuraren [[bincike]] na zamani kusa da birni da mazaunan [[Countryside|karkara]], kuma sun taimaka wa dalibai masu basira don samun ilimi mafi girma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - Abia State University Uturu |url=http://abiastateuniversity.edu.ng/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=abiastateuniversity.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa [[Jami'a|jami'ar]] a shekarar 1981 a tsohuwar [[Imo|jihar Imo]] da sunan [[jami'ar jihar Imo]], Etiti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Institutional Biography: Abia State University |url=https://www.africanplanningschools.org.za/member-schools/abia-state-university |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=AAPS: Association of African Planning Schools: African Centre for Cities: University of Cape Town: South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ABSU: Abia State University: Admission, Scholarships, Tuition, Ranking and Cost of Living |url=https://nginstitutes.com/abia-state-university-absu-admission |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Nigeria Institutes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sam Mbakwe ne ya kafa jami'ar a lokacin yana gwamnan tsohuwar jihar Imo. Babban harabar makarantar ta kasance a Etiti, Jihar Imo, yayin da sashin [[Doka|shari’a]] ya kasance a wani sansanin daban da ke Aba. Tsakanin shekarun 1984 zuwa 1985 a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja na Janar Ike Nwachukwu, jami'ar ta koma wurinta na dindindin a Uturu Okigwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=African Journal of Library: Archives and Information Science: Abia State University, Uturu, Okigwe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rd1EAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Okigwe+Uturu+Abia+State+University |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Archlib and Information Service: 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan kafa [[Abiya|jihar Abia]] a shekarar 1991, harabar jami'ar Uturu ta koma [[Abiya|jihar Abia]], kuma yanzu ana kiranta da jami'ar jihar Abia Uturu, ƙaramar hukumar [[Isuikwuato]], [[Abiya|jihar Abia]], Najeriya.  An tsara jami'ar a kwalejoji da makarantu waɗanda aka kafa su akan tsarin koleji ɗaya wanda Jami'ar Nebraska ke aiki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 April 2018 |title=List of Courses Offered at Abia State University |url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/list-of-courses-offered-at-abia-state-university-uturu-absu |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Nigerian Scholars}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Abia sun haɗa da: digiri na farko, digiri na biyu da digiri na biyu. Tana da makarantun biyu babban harabarta a Uturu; da Kwalejin Shari'a, Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Magungunan Dabbobi da ke kusa da harabar a [[Umuahia]], babban birnin Jihar Abia, Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Study Health Science: Abia State University |url=http://www.studyhealthscience.com/ud/Abia-State-University/65/show.html |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Study Health Science}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Osondu |first=C. K. |last2=Emerole |first2=C. O. |last3=Ezeh |first3=C. I. |last4=Ogbonna |first4=S. I. |date=9 June 2015 |title=Informal Micro Financing and implications on Status of Poverty of Women Farmers in Abia State: Nigeria |url=https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JGEMBR/article/view/1681 |journal=Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research |publisher=International Knowledge Press |pages=23–32 |access-date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507130815/https://ikprress.org/index.php/JGEMBR/article/view/1681 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Malamai(Academics) ==
Jami'ar Jihar Abia tana ba da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri sama da 90 a cikin kwalejoji goma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abia State University Programs Across Ten Colleges {{!}} Projectng |url=https://projectng.com/read/17rr/abia-state-university-programs-across |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=projectng.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* College of Humanities and Social Sciences
* Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Magungunan Dabbobi
* Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halittu da Jiki
* Kwalejin Gudanar da Kasuwanci &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abia State University |url=https://abiastateuniversity.edu.ng/deptList |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=abiastateuniversity.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwalejin Ilimi
* Kwalejin Injiniyanci da Nazarin Muhalli
* Kwalejin [[Doka|Shari'a]]
* Kwalejin Kimiyya da Kimiyyar Lafiya
* Kwalejin Optometry
* Kwalejin Nazarin Digiri

== Cibiyoyin, daraktoci da wurare ==
Waɗannan su ne cibiyoyi, daraktoci da cibiyoyi a cikin Jami'ar Jihar Abia; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Abia State University (ABSU), Nigeria — Edukamer |url=https://www.edukamer.info/universities/abia-state-university-absu-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=www.edukamer.info |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703140422/https://www.edukamer.info/universities/abia-state-university-absu-nigeria/ |archive-date=2022-07-03 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Cibiyar Ilimin Harkokin Kasuwanci
* Sashen Harkokin Ɗalibai 
* Cibiyar Nasiha
* Cibiyar Ilimin Firamare da Na Zamani
* General studies 
* Cibiyar Nazarin Igbo
* Tsarin Ilimi
* SIWES
* Shirin Sandwich
* Cibiyar Nazarin Gyara
* Cibiyar Jarabawar Jami'a
* Cibiyar Albarkatun Kasuwanci
*
* Cibiyar Ilimi ta Nisa (IDEA)
* Cibiyar Nazarin Kwamfuta
* Shawarwari, Haɗin kai &amp; Tattara Kuɗi
* Cibiyar Arts &amp; Kimiyya
* Cibiyar Tabbatar da inganci

== Matsayi ==
A ranar 29th 2024 na watan Fabrairu Jami'ar jihar Abia tana matsayi na 37 a cikin jami'ar gwamnati a [[Najeriya]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-08-11 |title=Abia State University [2024 Rankings by topic] |url=https://edurank.org/uni/abia-state-university/rankings/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahararrun ɗalibai ==

* [[Ezinne Akudo]], Sarauniyar kyau kuma tsohuwar miss Nigeria
* Funnybros, ɗan wasan barkwanci na Najeriya
* Allison Madueke, tsohon gwamnan soja kuma tsohon hafsan hafsoshin sojojin ruwa na Najeriya
* Kelechi Onuzuruike, ɗan siyasar Najeriya
* Kenneth Ozoemena, masanin kimiyyar jiki na Najeriya
* Sam Ifeanyi Hart, lauyan Najeriya

== Tsofaffin Mataimaka Shugabanni jami'a ==

* Farfesa Eleazar [[Uche Ikonne]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ibe |first=Sam Obinna |date=2022-04-14 |title=2023: Ex-vice chancellor joins Abia guber race |url=https://blueprint.ng/2023-ex-vice-chancellor-joins-abia-guber-race/ |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[O.M. Ogbulu|OM Ogbulu]]

* [[Ogwo E. Ogwo|Ogbo E. Ogwo]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah''' ('''KN'''UST''''''), wacce aka fi sani da UST, '''Tech ko Kwame Tech''', jami'a ce ta jama'a da ke [[Kumasi]], [[Yankin Ashanti]], [[Ghana]] . Jami'ar tana mai da hankali kan kimiyya da fasaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Campus {{!}} Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology |url=https://www.knust.edu.gh/about/knust/campus |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=knust Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce jami'ar jama'a ta biyu da aka kafa a kasar, da kuma babbar jami'a a [[yankin Ashanti]] na [[Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Agyekum |first=Kofi |last2=Simons |first2=Barbara |last3=Botchway |first3=Seth Yeboah |date=2018-11-30 |title=Factors influencing the performance of safety programmes in the Ghanaian construction industry |journal=Acta Structilia |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=39–68 |doi=10.18820/24150487/as25i2.2 |issn=1023-0564 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

KNUST ta samo asali ne daga tsare-tsaren [[Prempeh I|Agyeman Prempeh I]], mai mulkin [[Daular Ashanti|Masarautar AshantiMasarautar Ashanti]] a [[Kumasi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na yunkurinsa zuwa ga sabunta mulkinsa na Ashanti. Wannan shirin bai taba samun nasara ba saboda rikici tsakanin fadada [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] da sha'awar [[Prempeh I|Sarki Prempeh I]] don kiyaye 'yancin mulkinsa na Ashanti.[1] Koyaya, ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa kuma magajinsa, [[Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II|Sarki Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II]], bayan ya hau Golden Stool a 1935, ya ci gaba da wannan hangen nesa.[1] Abubuwan da suka faru a Gold Coast a cikin shekarun 1940 sun shiga hannunsa. Na farko, an kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast. Abu na biyu, akwai tashin hankali na Accra na 1948 da kuma rahoton Hukumar Watson, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa a kafa jami'ar kimiyya a Kumasi. Don haka, a cikin 1949, mafarkin Prempehs ya zama gaskiya lokacin da aka fara gini a kan abin da za a kira Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi . 

Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi ta ba da izini ga ɗalibanta na farko zuwa ƙungiyar injiniya a cikin 1951 (duk da haka, waɗancan ɗaliban sun fara aikin ilimi a cikin 1952), kuma Dokar Majalisar ta ba jami'ar tushen shari'a a matsayin Kwalejin Faransanci ta Kumasi a cikin 1952.  An kafa cibiyar kwalejin ne daga daliban horar da malamai 200 da aka sauya daga Kwalejin Achimota a yankin Greater Accra. Kwalejin tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar London. A shekara ta 1961, an ba kwalejin cikakken matsayin jami'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=G. F. Daniel |date=17 April 1998 |title=THE UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA |url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |access-date=10 March 2007 |website=Development of University Education in Ghana |publisher=University of Ghana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702233108/http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |archive-date=2 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jami'ar ta mamaye jimlar yanki na kadada 2,512.96 (1,016.96 . &lt;ref name=&quot;Dzisi 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dzisi |first=Emmanuel |date=2016 |title=Assessment of bicycle transportation on the KNUST Campus |url=http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/10171/1/DZISI%20EMMANUEL%20JR%20Thesis%20%285%29NEW%20NEW.pdf |access-date=25 October 2020 |website=MSc. Thesis |publisher=KNUST Dspace}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban harabar da ke da kimanin murabba'in kilomita bakwai a yankin, kusan kilomita takwas (13  zuwa gabashin Kumasi, babban birnin [[Yankin Ashanti]].&lt;ref name=&quot;UGOO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science &amp; Technology, KUMASI |url=http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |access-date=11 March 2007 |website=Universities |publisher=Universities of Ghana Overseas Office |archive-date=23 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023150614/http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=5 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tarihin Farko ===
[[File:Kwame_nkrumah.jpg|right|thumb|Osagyefo Dr. [[Kwame Nkrumah]], Shugaban farko na Jamhuriyar Ghana]]
Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi ta buɗe a hukumance a ranar 22 ga Janairun 1952 tare da ɗaliban horar da malamai 200 da aka sauya daga Achimota, don samar da cibiyar sabon kwalejin. A watan Oktoba 1952, an kafa Makarantar Injiniya da Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci kuma an shigar da ɗalibai na farko. An kafa Sashen Magunguna a watan Janairun 1953, tare da canja wurin tsohon Makarantar Magunguna daga Asibitin Koyarwa na Korle Bu, [[Accra]], zuwa kwalejin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About us – Brief History |url=https://kbth.gov.gh/brief-history/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Government of Ghana |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128090931/https://kbth.gov.gh/brief-history/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sashen ya gudanar da cikakken karatun shekaru biyu a fannin magani wanda ya kai ga kyautar Takardar shaidar Hukumar Pharmacy. An buɗe Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a cikin wannan shekarar don samar da darussan wucin gadi na tsawon lokaci daban-daban, daga 'yan sharuɗɗa zuwa shekaru uku, ga Ma'aikatu ta Aikin Goma. An kafa Sashen Nazarin Gabaɗaya don shirya ɗalibai don jarrabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare a cikin batutuwa na Kimiyya da Fasaha da kuma ba da umarni a cikin batutuwan kamar yadda sauran sassan suka nema.

Daga 1952 zuwa 1955, [https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ Makarantar Injiniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604034836/https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ |date=2024-06-04 }} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Engineering, KNUST |url=https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Knust Ghana |archive-date=2023-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613173742/https://coe.knust.edu.gh/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta shirya dalibai don cancantar sana'a kawai. A shekara ta 1955, makarantar ta fara darussan da suka kai ga Jami'ar London Bachelor of Engineering External Degree External. &lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED |url=https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/knust/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314042516/https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/knust/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1957, an kaddamar da Makarantar Gine-gine, Shirye-shiryen Birni da Gine-gine. An shigar da ɗalibanta na farko a watan Janairun 1958, don karatun sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=Kumasi College of Technology, KNUST officially opened in 1952 |url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/kumasi-college-of-technology-now-kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-was-officially-opened/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ghanaian Museum |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128091040/https://ghanaianmuseum.com/kumasi-college-of-technology-now-kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-was-officially-opened/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yayin da kwalejin ta fadada, an yanke shawarar sanya Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi cibiyar kimiyya da fasaha kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;/&gt; Don bin wannan manufofin, an canja Kwalejin Horar da Malamai, ban da Makarantar Fasaha, a watan Janairun 1958, zuwa Kwalejin Koyarwa ta Winneba; a 1959 an canja Sashen Kasuwanci zuwa Achimota don samar da cibiyar Makarantar Gudanarwa ta yanzu ta Jami'ar Ghana, Legon.&lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Today marks 68 years since KNUST was officially opened {{!}} GhHeadlines Total News Total Information |url=http://www.ghheadlines.com/agency/ghana-web-/20200122/133726508/today-marks-68-years-since-knust-was-officially-opened |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Ghana headlines |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1960, [[Gwamnatin Ghana]] ta nada Hukumar Jami'a don ba da shawara kan ci gaban ilimin jami'a, dangane da shawarar canza Kwalejin Jami'ar Ghana da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi zuwa Jami'ar mai zaman kanta ta Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nanyele |first=Stephen |last2=Kuranchie |first2=Alfred |last3=Owusu-Addo |first3=Augustine |date=2018-10-30 |title=Classroom management practices and student disruptive behavior |journal=Integrity Journal of Education and Training |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=6–14 |doi=10.31248/ijet2018.021 |issn=2636-5995 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan rahoton hukumar da ta fito a farkon 1961, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar kafa jami'o'i biyu masu zaman kansu a Kumasi da Legon, Accra.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Appiah |first=CA |last2=Samwini |first2=AM |last3=Brown |first3=PK |last4=Hayford |first4=FEA |last5=Asamoah-Boakye |first5=O |date=2020-05-12 |title=Proximate composition and serving sizes of selected composite Ghanaian soups |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=15898–15918 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.91.18055 |issn=1684-5374 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi ta canza, a karkashin kulawar [[Robert Patrick Baffour|R. P. Baffour]],  a cikin cikakken jami'a, kuma mai suna Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology ta hanyar Dokar Majalisar a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 1961.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Institute Of Architects – Ghana Institute Of Architects |url=https://gia.com.gh/ |access-date=2020-05-31 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sunan yana girmama [[Kwame Nkrumah]], Firayim Minista na farko kuma daga baya shugaban Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt;

A watan Janairun 1966, Marr Grounds, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka / Australiya wanda ke zaune a [[California]], ya ɗauki alƙawari a matsayin malami a fannin gine-gine na tsawon shekaru biyu, kafin ya koma Jami'ar Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning a shekarar 1968. 

An canza sunan zuwa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1966. An kaddamar da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha a hukumance a ranar Laraba, 20 ga Nuwamba 1961. Koyaya, wani aikin Majalisar (Dokar 559 ta 1998) ya canza sunan zuwa asalinsa, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, Kumasi . &lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_History&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&amp;mid=14&amp;sid=94&amp;id=115 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164113/http://knust.edu.gh/hospital/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&amp;mid=14&amp;sid=94&amp;id=115 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=29 October 2009 |website=Official Website |publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin da gudanarwa ==

=== Manyan jami'ai ===
[[Fayil:KNUST_main_entrance_with_Kwame_Nkrumah_Memorial_Park.jpg|thumb|Babban ƙofar KNUST, Kumasi da Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park tare da mutum-mutumi na shugaban farko na [[Ghana|Jamhuriyar Ghana]] da wanda ya kafa jami'ar tare da ƙananan adadi biyar a cikin tufafin ƙasa suna wasa da kara]]
Manyan jami'an jami'ar sune shugaban jami'a, shugaban Majalisar Jami'ar da mataimakin shugaban jami'ar. Ya zuwa 2018, matsayin shugaban majalisa ya kasance a hannun Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II. 

=== Kungiyar da ke mulki ===
Kwamitin Jami'ar ne ke gudanar da shugabanci, da farko ta hanyar Kwamitin Ilimi, wanda ke da alhakin: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Fig. 2. Sites on which empirical testing was carried out. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019268-76-9768 |journal=Dx |doi=10.31857/s0869-78092019268-76-9768}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* tsarawa da aiwatar da manufofin ilimi na jami'a &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |year=2017 |title=Formulating Policy Solutions |journal=Handbook of Policy Formulation |pages=353–354 |doi=10.4337/9781784719326.00030 |isbn=9781784719326}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* tsarawa da daidaita darussan koyarwa da karatu, da kuma kula da bincike 
* tsara gudanar da jarrabawa da kuma bayar da digiri, difloma da takaddun shaida 
* ba da shawara ga Majalisar Jami'ar kan shigar da dalibai da kyautar tallafin karatu 
* bayar da rahoto game da irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar yadda Majalisar Jami'ar za ta iya ambaton su 

=== Kasancewar dalibai a cikin gudanarwar jami'a ===
Dalibai ta hanyar Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai ta KNUST (KNUST SRC) suna shiga cikin gudanarwar jami'ar ta hanyar wakilan su da ke aiki a Majalisar Jami'ar, Kwamitin Ilimi, Kwamitin Ayyukan Lafiya, Kwamitin Ma'aikata da Kwamitin Mazauna, Kwamitin Gida, Kwamitin Laburaren da kuma Kwamitin Hall.&lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_SRC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=KNUST Students' Representative Council |url=http://src.knust.edu.gh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827124806/http://src.knust.edu.gh/ |archive-date=27 August 2009 |access-date=29 October 2009 |website=Official Website |publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New members joining 'old' KNUST Council to be sworn in today |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-members-of-knust-council-to-be-sworn-in-today.html |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Majalisar tana aiki tare da kasafin kuɗi wanda aka ba da shi ga ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, amma kuma yana tallafawa abubuwan zamantakewa da shirye-shiryen ɗalibai. A matsayinta na gwamnatin dalibai mai wakilci, KNUST SRC tana ba da sabis na dalibai kamar yawancin ƙungiyoyin dalibai kuma tana ba da shawara a madadin ɗaliban ɗalibai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=KNUST SRC petitions Akufo-Addo over conversion of halls |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/KNUST-SRC-petitions-Akufo-Addo-over-conversion-of-halls-678047 |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=KNUST SRC petitions President over hall conversion |url=https://adrdaily.com/knust-src-petitions-president-over-hall-conversion/ |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=ADRDAILY.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118045112/https://adrdaily.com/knust-src-petitions-president-over-hall-conversion/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsarin kwaleji ===
[[Fayil:College_of_Engineering,_KNUST_Auditorium.JPG|thumb|Kwalejin Injiniya, ɗakin taro na KNUSTGidan taro]]
KNUST, tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, ya canza daga tsarin gudanarwa na tsakiya na baya zuwa jami'ar kwaleji. A karkashin wannan tsarin, an taƙaita kwalejoji zuwa kwalejoji shida.

An gudanar da jami'ar ne a kan tsarin koyarwa. Wannan ya haifar da matsalolin gudanarwa yayin da aka kirkiro sabbin fannoni da cibiyoyi don saduwa da ci gaban ilimi na ɗalibai. Don warware wannan matsala, an karɓi tsarin kwaleji a hukumance a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 2004. A ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2005, an shigar da masu gabatar da kara kuma sun saka hannun jari a ofis a Babban Hall na KNUST . 

Kwalejojin suna da ɗan cin gashin kansu, wanda ke nufin cewa an ba su ikon gudanar da kansu ba tare da dogaro da gwamnatin tsakiya ba don tallafin kuɗi. Mai rajistar kwaleji, jami'in kudi da mai kula da ɗakin karatu suna taimakawa masu koyarwa. A karkashin su akwai fannoni, cibiyoyi da cibiyoyi, karkashin jagorancin deans da daraktoci. A matsayinsu na shugabannin kwalejoji, masu ba da gudummawa suna ba da jagorancin ilimi da gudanarwa ga kwalejoji kuma suna kula da gudanarwar su gaba ɗaya.

== Gidaje da masauki ==
Akwai gidajen kwana da yawa da aka amince da KNUST, galibi a kusa da babban harabar. Dalibai na duk bayanan kudi suna da bukatun masaukin su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2017-10-17 |title=Court rules school must provide student's approved accommodation |journal=Campus Legal Advisor |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=9 |doi=10.1002/cala.30670 |issn=1531-3999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai dakuna shida na zama a harabar Kumasi, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa wanda ya kunshi manyan da ƙananan mambobi. Akwai 'yan masauki a harabar kamar GUSSS, Brunei, da Tek credit hostel. Shugaban zartarwa shine maigidan zauren, wanda babban mai koyarwa ke taimaka masa. Akwai ɗakin ajiya da sauran ma'aikatan tallafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_Halls&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Halls of Residence |url=https://www.knust.edu.gh/students/housing/halls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618221801/http://www.knust.edu.gh/students/housing/halls |archive-date=18 June 2013 |access-date=29 October 2009 |website=Official Website |publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Scienhostel tice and Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gidajen zama ===

* University Hall (Katanga)&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt;
* Unity Hall (Conti)&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;
* Independence Hall&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herz&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|edition=Hans|url-access=Jamrozik}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Queens Hall&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;
* Republic Hall&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;
* Africa Hall&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herz&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-06 |title=KNUST halls and their history |url=https://blog.getrooms.co/blog/knust-halls-and-their-history/ |access-date=2019-11-02 |website=GetRooms Blog |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gidajen kwana ===
Kimanin kashi 60% na yawan ɗalibai ba mazauna ba ne. Akwai masauki masu zaman kansu a kusa da harabar da kuma a Kumasi don daliban da, sakamakon iyakantaccen kayan aiki / ɗakuna, ba za a iya shigar da su a matsayin ɗaliban mazauna ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_Hostel Tips for Students&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hostel Tips for students |url=https://www.knust.edu.gh/students/housing/housing-tips |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618221644/http://www.knust.edu.gh/students/housing/housing-tips |archive-date=18 June 2013 |access-date=29 October 2009 |website=Official Website |publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai wurare a harabar makarantar inda daliban da ba mazauna ba za su iya hutawa tsakanin laccoci da karatu kafin su tafi gidajensu da masauki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hutton |first=Jim |date=2017-12-18 |title=Prepare students before sending them to earthquake-prone study abroad locations |journal=Campus Security Report |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1002/casr.30332 |issn=1551-2800}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2014, bene na saman Crystal Rose Hostel &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Felix A. Baidoo |date=11 January 2014 |title=Investigations begin into KNUST hostel fire |url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/15543-investigations-begin-into-knust-hostel-fire.html |access-date=11 January 2014 |website=Daily Graphic |archive-date=11 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111115521/http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/15543-investigations-begin-into-knust-hostel-fire.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kama wuta yayin da yawancin ɗalibai ke hutu. Har yanzu ba a san dalilin gobarar ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fire engulfs KNUST hostel |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/January-9th/fire-engulfs-knust-hostel.php |access-date=10 January 2014 |publisher=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dalibai na kasa da kasa ===
Akwai babbar al'umma ta kasa da kasa a KNUST sakamakon manyan ka'idojin ilimi. Akwai ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke ganin bukatun ɗaliban ƙasashen waje kamar masauki, daidaitawa da yawon shakatawa na harabar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International Students - Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology |url=https://www.knust.edu.gh/students/international |access-date=9 April 2018 |website=www.knust.edu.gh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Malamai ==
[[Fayil:Peace_Pole,_Kumasi,_Ghana.jpg|thumb|An gina Peace Pole a harabar jami'ar a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2006 a Ranar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya. An yi sandar ne da itacen sapele mai shekaru 105 wanda ya kasance yana tsaye a cikin lambun tsire-tsire na jami'ar. Yankin yana da tsayin mita 16.7 (mita 55. An zana alamomin 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin harsuna biyar (Biyu - yaren gida a Ghana, [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]], [[Sinanci]], [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]], da [[Larabci]]). Addu'ar zaman lafiya a kan gungumen ta ce: &quot;Bari zaman lafiya ya kasance a Duniya&quot;.]]
Daga shekara ta 2010/11 wasu kwalejojin suna aiki da tsarin matakai biyu, yayin da wasu ke kula da tsarin mataki uku.

=== Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta CANR ===

* Kwalejin Aikin Gona
** Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, Kasuwancin noma da fadadawa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Scroggs |first=Claud L. |date=December 1975 |title=The Relevance of University Research and Extension Activities in Agricultural Economics to Agribusiness Firms |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-agricultural-economics_1975-12_57_5/page/883 |journal=American Journal of Agricultural Economics |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=883–888 |doi=10.2307/1239098 |issn=0002-9092 |jstor=1239098}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Dabbobi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-03 |title=Deduako residents, pets benefit from health screening by KNUST Health Sciences Students Association - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/deduako-residents-pets-benefit-from-health-screening-by-knust-health-sciences-students-association/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta ƙasa 
** Ma'aikatar Horticulture &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=NSA signs MoU with KNUST to aid sports development - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsa-signs-mou-with-knust-to-aid-sports-development/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources
** Department of Agroforestry{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2021}}
** Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management
** Department of Silviculture and Forest Management
** Department of Wildlife and Range Management
** Department of Wood Science and [[Fasaha|Technology]]

* Kwalejin Fasahar Fasaha
** Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido da Wasanni na dazuzzukaWasanni na daji
** Ma'aikatar Ma'auni da MaidowaGyara
** Ma'aikatar Kula da dazuzzukaKayan daji na Jama'a
** Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Itace da Tallace[[Kasuwancin yanar gizo|Tallace-tallace]]

=== Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Lafiya ===

* Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya
** Ma'aikatar Binciken Kiwon LafiyaBinciken Likita
** Ma'aikatar Hotunan Kiwon LafiyaHoton Kiwon Lafiya
** Ma'aikatar Physiotherapy da Kimiyya ta Wasanni

* Kwalejin Kimiyya da KimiyyaKimiyya ta Magunguna
** Ma'aikatar ilmin sunadaraiKimiyyar Magunguna
** Ma'aikatar Ilimin Magunguna
** Ma'aikatar PharmacognosyMagunguna
** Ma'aikatar Kula da MagungunaAyyukan kantin magani
** Ma'aikatar Magunguna
** Ma'aikatar MagungunaMagungunan ganye
* Makarantar Kula da HakkiLikitan hakora
* Makarantar Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya
* Makarantar Kiwon LafiyaMagungunan dabbobi
* Makarantar [[Ungozoma|Nursing]] da MidwiferyMai juna biyu

=== Kwalejin Humanities da Social Sciences ===

* Kwalejin Shari'a&lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_Faculty of Law&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=KNUST - Faculty of Law |url=http://law.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=30 October 2009 |website= |publisher=KNUST Faculty of Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwalejin [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|Kimiyya ta Jama'a]]
** Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki
** Ma'aikatar [[Nazarin Ingilishi|Turanci]]
** Ma'aikatar Geography da Ci gaban Karkara
** Ma'aikatar [[Tarihi]] da [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Nazarin Siyasa]]
** Ma'aikatar Harsuna na zamani a halin yanzu ana kiranta sashen Harshe da Kimiyya na Sadarwa.
** Ma'aikatar Nazarin Addini
** Ma'aikatar Ilimin Jama'a da Ayyukan Jama'a

Kolejoji a ƙarƙashin tsarin matakai biyu (Provost / Shugaban Sashen):

=== Kwalejin Fasaha da Ginin Muhalli ===
 

: Kwalejin Fasaha da Ginin Muhalli da aka fi sani da Kwalejin Gine-gine da Shirye-shiryen ya wanzu a watan Janairun 2005 a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin Jami'ar a cikin Tsarin Kwalejin. A cikin sake fasalin, an haɗu da Faculty of Environment and Development studies (FEDS) da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Ci gaba (ILMAD) don kafa Kwalejin. FEDS ta ƙunshi sassan koyarwa guda uku: Sashen Gine-gine, Sashen Fasahar Gine-gine da Sashen Gidaje da Binciken Shirye-shirye. ILMAD ta ƙunshi sassan biyu, Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Cibiyar Kula da albarkatun ƙasa. Kwalejin a halin yanzu ta ƙunshi fannoni biyu, sassan koyarwa goma da cibiyar bincike guda ɗaya:
:* Ma'aikatar SadarwaTsarin Sadarwa
:* Ma'aikatar Nazarin Fasaha
:* Ma'aikatar Fintura da Sculpture
:* Ma'aikatar Haɗin Karkara / Masana'antu
:* Ma'aikatar Fasaha ta Masana'antuFasahar Masana'antu
:* Ma'aikatar Sabunta Ilimi a Kimiyya da Fasaha
:* Ma'aikatar Nazarin Buga
:* Ma'aikatar [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]]
:* Ma'aikatar Fasahar Gine-gine
:* Ma'aikatar Tattalin ArzikiTattalin Arziki na Kasa
:* Ma'aikatar Shirye-shiryen
:* Cibiyar Nazarin Gidaje
:* Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa

=== Kwalejin Injiniya ===

:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Noma
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan sararin samaniya
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan ChemicalInjiniyan sinadarai
:* Ma'aikatar InjiniyaInjiniyanci
:* Ma'aikatar [[Kwamfuta injiniyarin|Injiniyan kwamfuta]]
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan lantarki / Injiniyan lantarki &amp; Injiniyan Sadarwa
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan ƙasa
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan GeodeticInjiniyan ƙasa
:* Ma'aikatar InjiniyaInjiniyan ƙasa
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan kayan aiki
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan InjiniyaInjiniyan inji
:* Ma'aikatar Injiniyan man fetur

=== Kwalejin Kimiyya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} College of Science, KNUST |url=https://cos.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=College of Science, KNUST |archive-date=2024-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214123127/https://cos.knust.edu.gh/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ===

:* Ma'aikatar [[Biochemistry]] da Biotechnology[[Biotechnology|Fasahar halittu]]
:* Ma'aikatar ilmin sunadarai[[Kimiyya|Sanyen sunadarai]]
:* Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta
:* Ma'aikatar [[Kimiyyar muhalli|Kimiyya ta muhalli]]
:* Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Abinci
:* Ma'aikatar [[Lissafi]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - Department of Mathematics |url=https://math.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Department of Mathematics Knust}}&lt;/ref&gt;
:* Ma'aikatar Optometry da Kimiyya ta gani
:* Ma'aikatar PhysicsIlimin lissafi
:* Ma'aikatar Ilimin Kimiyya da [[Biology|Ilimin Halitta]]
:* Ma'aikatar Kididdiga da Kimiyya ta yanzu
:* Ma'aikatar Ilimin Yanayi da Kimiyya[[Meteorology and Climate Science|Ilimin yanayi da Kimiyya na Yanayi]]

=== Cibiyar Koyon Daga Tsakiya ===
A cikin shekara ta 2005, KNUST ta karɓi Koyon nesa a matsayin mai amfani ga tsarin ilimi na fuska da fuska. An yanke wannan shawarar ne don ba da dama ga mutane su bi shirye-shiryen ilimi tare da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, yayin da har yanzu suna aiki na cikakken lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_CANR_About&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Erastus Asare Donkor |date=24 November 2005 |title=KNUST Inaugurates Faculty of Distance Learning |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/90811/1/knust-inaugurates-faculty-of-distance-learning.html |access-date=30 October 2009 |publisher=Modern Ghana, Regional News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Ilimi ya canza matsayin Faculty of Distance Learning zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Distance.

=== Laburaren da albarkatun dijital ===
Laburaren KNUST yana ba da bayanai a cikin tsarin lantarki da bugawa ga ma'aikata da ɗalibai galibi don tallafawa koyarwa, ilmantarwa da bincike a kimiyya da fasaha don ci gaban ƙasa. Yana da ɗakin karatu na ajiya don duk kayan da aka buga a Ghana da kuma cibiyoyin duniya da kungiyoyi kamar [[Bankin Duniya]] da sauran Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;KNUST_Library&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=KNUST Library |url=http://library.knust.edu.gh/ |access-date=29 October 2009 |website= |publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]


== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
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    <title>Jami'ar All Nations</title>
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'''Jami'ar All Nations''' ta kafa ta Rev. Dr. Samuel Donkor a [[Ghana]]. Ya fara ne da dalibai 37 a watan Oktoba 2002 kuma yanzu ya fadada zuwa sama da dalibai 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History – All Nations University College |url=https://anuc.edu.gh/history/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712203854/https://anuc.edu.gh/history/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama kwalejin jami'a a Ghana a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NAB |title=All Nations University College |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes/125-all-nations-university-college |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=National Accreditation Board |language=en-gb |archive-date=2020-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221181053/http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes/125-all-nations-university-college |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jami'ar tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Kimiyya da Tattalin Arziki ta SRM ([[Indiya]]). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The President – All Nations University College |url=https://anuc.edu.gh/personnel/6490/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712203825/https://anuc.edu.gh/personnel/6490/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2020, Shugaban Ghana ya ba All Nations takardar shaidar shugaban kasa.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-29 |title=Pentecost, All Nations University receive presidential charters |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Pentecost-All-Nations-University-receive-presidential-charters-964867 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=GhanaWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=Communications |title=President Akufo-Addo Presents Charters To Pentecost University And All Nations University |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1594-president-akufo-addo-presents-charters-to-pentecost-university-and-all-nations-university |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=presidency.gov.gh |language=en-gb |archive-date=2024-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214104801/https://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1594-president-akufo-addo-presents-charters-to-pentecost-university-and-all-nations-university |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jami'ar All Nations tana cikin Koforidua a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabas]] Ghana .

== Shirye-shiryen ==
Jami'ar tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a cikin Injiniyan Man fetur da Gas, Injiniyan Biomedical, Injiniya na Kwamfuta, Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta (Hons.), Electronics, Injiniyar Sadarwa, Kasuwanci, Gudanar da Albarkatun Mutum, Kudi &amp; Kudi, Lissafi da Tallace-tallace gami da Nursing da Nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki.

== Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci ==
A watan Yulin 2017, an kaddamar da tauraron dan adam na farko na Ghana a sararin samaniya daga tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya.  GhanaSat-1 an tsara ta, an tattara ta, kuma an gwada ta da dalibai uku daga jami'ar.[1] Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kyushu (Kyutech) ce ta goyi bayan aikin a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin [[Tauraron dan adam|Satellite]] na Ƙungiyoyin Tsuntsaye na Duniya, wanda shine aikin tauraron dan adam na ƙetare kan iyaka don ƙasashen da ba na sararin samaniya ba wanda Japan ke tallafawa. An watsa shirye-shirye tauraron dan adam kai tsaye kuma sama da mutane 400 ne suka kalli Jami'ar All Nations.

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Engineering_School_ANU.jpg|alt=All Nations University (ANU) School of Engineering at All Nations University, Koforidua Site.|Jami'ar All Nations (ANU) Makarantar Injiniya a Jami'ar Dukkanin, Koforidua Site.
Fayil:All_Nations_University_Corridor.jpg|alt=Infinite Corridor in the All Nations University (ANU).|Ƙarshen Hanyar Jami'ar All Nations (ANU).
Fayil:All_Nations_University_second_floor.jpg|alt=Second floor in the All Nations University (ANU).|Fasali na biyu a Jami'ar All Nations (ANU).
Fayil:All_Nations_University_2.jpg|alt=Third floor entrance to the All Nations University (ANU).|Ƙofar bene na uku zuwa Jami'ar All Nations (ANU).
Fayil:All_Nations_University_3.jpg|alt=Stairwell on the third floor in the All Nations University (ANU).|Stairwella bene na uku a Jami'ar All Nations (ANU).
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Bayani ==
{{reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://gtec.edu.gh/ Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20260819171037/https://www.anuc.edu.gh/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma]
* [https://www.facebook.com/anuc.edu.gh haɗa kai da mu]
* [http://www.srmuniv.edu.in/ Jami'ar SRM]
[[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Ghana]]
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[[Fayil:South-african-school-children.jpg|thumb|Dalibai na makarantar sakandare a cikin aji a Afirka ta Kudu.]]
'''Ilimi na Harsuna da yawa a [[Afirka]]''' shine hangen nesa game da yadda za a kusanci koyar da dalibai a jihohi daban-daban a Afirka la'akari da harsuna daban-daban da za a iya amfani da su don koyarwa. Nahiyar tana fuskantar bambancin harsuna da ake magana a jihohin ta daban-daban;  saboda haka, kamar sauran yankuna masu yawan jama'a a duniya kamar [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] ko [[Turai]], akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa waɗanda harsuna za a yi amfani da su azaman matsakaiciyar koyarwa, a cikin waɗanne takamaiman yankuna, da kuma har zuwa wane mataki. Wannan matsala ce da masu bincike da masu tsara manufofi ke dubawa shekaru da yawa kuma sun bar ƙasashen Afirka da mafita daban-daban don koyar da harshe a makarantun su.

== Gabatarwa ==
Bukatar ilimin harsuna da yawa a Afirka ya dogara da iyalai, makarantu, da sauran kungiyoyi masu alaƙa don yin yanke shawara mai rikitarwa game da waɗanne harsuna ya kamata a ɗauka da muhimmanci da kuma yadda ya kamata a aiwatar da su a cikin tsarin karatun ilimi. Wani ra'ayi na yau da kullun shine cewa amfani da harsunan kasa da kasa a matsayin matsakaici na koyarwa, wanda ya dace da ikon mulkin mallaka na [[Turanci]] (kamar [[Faransanci]] a [[Senegal]] ko Ingilishi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]), ya fi dacewa ga yaro tun yana ƙarami don fara bunkasa don su zama masu amfani a nan gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How should Africa teach its multilingual children? {{!}} British Council |url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/how-should-africa-teach-multilingual-children |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=www.britishcouncil.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, kamar yadda ilimi na yau da kullun ke cikin yaren mulkin mallaka, matsala ce al'ummar yankin har ma da malamai galibi ba sa sadarwa a cikin waɗannan harsuna sosai. A mafi yawan lokuta, yara suna amfana da ilimi a cikin yarensu ko yaren yankin na wurin koyarwa fiye da yadda suke yi daga koyarwa a cikin yaren da aka karɓa daga tsohon ikon mulkin mallaka. Masana ilimin harshe sun bincika wannan sabon abu kuma sun gano hanyoyi daban-daban da jihohin Afirka suka dauka don magance batun.

=== Tasirin mulkin mallaka ===
Tarihin nahiyar Afirka mai arziki na Mulkin mallaka na Turai ya haifar da tasiri mai yawa a kan hanyar ci gaban kowace jiha. Yawancin gwamnatocin zamani na Afirka da ababen more rayuwa sun bunkasa ne ta hanyar mulkin mallaka a lokacin tsakanin mulkin mallaka da 'yancin kai, gami da hanyoyin aiwatar da ilimi. Har ma a yau, wasu ƙasashe waɗanda ke da tasirin mulkin mallaka a Afirka sun nace kan nuna yarensu a matsayin harshen da ya fi muhimmanci don koyarwa a Afirka. Wasu malamai har ma suna jayayya cewa Ingilishi shine mafi mahimmancin harshe don shiga cikin ilimin Afirka, duk da shahararren yarukan uwa waɗanda suka riga sun kasance a cikin al'ummomin yankin. Kamar yadda za mu iya gani a ƙasa, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya daban-daban suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da dabarun da suka fi tasiri don aiwatar da ilimin harsuna da yawa a jihohin Afirka.

== Shirye-shiryen ilimin harshe ==

=== Binciken UNESCO ===
[[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (UN) tana aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun da ke tasiri ga zaɓin harshe a cikin tsarin ilimi na ba kawai ƙasashen Afirka ba, har ma da sauran ƙasashe da yawa a duniya. Hukumar da ke cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke aiki da farko a cikin wannan rawar ita ce [[UNESCO]], wanda ya bambanta tsakanin raunin da karfi na harsuna biyu ga ɗaliban Afirka a cikin binciken su. UNESCO ta lura cewa samfuran harsuna biyu marasa ƙarfi suna haɗawa da hanyar koyarwa ta farko kamar koyar da ɗalibi na shekara ɗaya zuwa huɗu a cikin yaren gida ko yaren mahaifiyar ɗalibin, kafin canzawa zuwa yare na biyu. Sabanin haka, samfuran harsuna biyu masu ƙarfi suna haɗawa da hanyar fita ta ƙarshe wanda zai sami manufa ta ƙwarewa a cikin harsuna guda biyu, watau, yare ɗaya (L1; harshen uwa) da yare biyu (L2; harshen na biyu).

Shekara daya zuwa hudu na koyarwa a cikin yaren yankin bai nuna cewa ya isa ba saboda yara a kasashe masu tasowa ko al'ummomin matalauta gabaɗaya ba su da ikon canzawa daga L1 a ƙarshen aji na 3 kuma su kasance masu ƙwarewa a cikin tsarin karatun a lokaci guda. Nazarin daliban Afirka ta Kudu na aji 6 waɗanda suka sami ilimi ta hanyar matsakaiciyar L1 a matsakaici sun sami nasarar nasara ta ƙasa ta 69%, yayin da waɗanda suka sami ilimin L2 sun sami kashi 32% kawai.

==== Shirye-shiryen harsuna da yawa ====
UNESCO ta kammala cewa akwai kimanin samfuran huɗu waɗanda ke ba da sakamako mafi kyau don ilimin harsuna da yawa a Afirka: 

# L1 a matsayin matsakaiciyar koyarwa a makarantar firamare da sakandare, tare da ƙarin harsuna da aka koya a matsayin zaɓuɓɓuka. Wannan samfurin ne da aka yi amfani da shi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda za a koyar da masu koyon Afrikaans a cikin Afrikaans kuma suna da darasi ɗaya na Turanci a rana.
# Shekaru shida zuwa takwas da aka koyar a L1 sannan aka bi ta hanyar koyarwa ta biyu. Misali ne kuma ana amfani dashi a Afirka ta Kudu.
# Shekaru takwas da aka koyar a L1 sannan aka sauya shi zuwa L2 a shekara ta tara. Wannan samfurin ne da aka yi amfani da shi a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] inda ɗalibansa suka sami kashi 83.7% lokacin da aka fara aiwatar da shi da raguwa mai yawa zuwa 44% lokacin da aka cire shi.

=== Ka'idar ciniki ===
Wata dabarar da aka saba amfani da ita da kungiyoyi da mutane ke amfani da ita don rinjayar ilimin harsuna da yawa shine wayar da kan jama'a. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don tabbatar da zaɓin harshe a ilimi. An kafa dabarun ta hanyar binciken Ericka Albaugh lokacin da ta bincika tsarin zabar matsakaiciyar harshe a yankin Sahara na Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ericka Albaugh |url=https://www.bowdoin.edu/profiles/faculty/ealbaugh/index.html |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=Faculty and Staff Profiles |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2007, Albaugh ta gabatar da hanyar ka'idar ciniki a cikin labarinta mai taken &quot;Zaɓin Harshe a Ilimi: Siyasa ta Tabbatar&quot; wanda ya bayyana manyan 'yan wasa biyar waɗanda ke tasiri ga shawarar wane harshe ne za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin matsakaici na koyarwa a Afirka: shugabannin ƙasa, ma'aikatan gwamnati, ma'aikatar ilimi, iyaye da manyan' yan yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albaugh |first=Ericka |date=2007 |title=Language Choice in Education: A Politics of Persuasion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_2007-03_45_1/page/1 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=45 |pages=1–32 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X06002266 |s2cid=154915746 |via=JSTOR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Shugabannin masu kishin kasa (haɗewar L1 da L2) suna fuskantar shawarwari daban-daban a cikin sake fasalin harshe bisa ga masu jefa kuri'a da suke wakilta.
* Bureaucrats (L2 fifiko) galibi suna la'akari da amfani da harshen uwa mara tasiri a matsayin matsakaici na koyarwa. Ko da a Ghana, alal misali, wasu makarantu sun yi watsi da manufofin da ke umurtar su da su yi amfani da L1 har zuwa wani lokaci.
* '''Ma'aikatar Ilimi''' (L1 fifiko) gabaɗaya tana bin shawarar da ƙwararrun yankuna suka yanke, kamar yadda Albaugh ya yi iƙirarin cewa masu yin doka suna fuskantar yiwuwar takunkumin zamantakewa idan sun yi ƙoƙarin gabatar da sake fasalin harshe.
* '''Iyaye''' (haɗe-haɗe na duka L1 da L2) sun kasu kan fifiko na yaren da aka yi amfani da shi, da farko ta hanyar shekaru; ƙananan iyaye kusan sau biyu suna da tsayayya da amfani da umarnin L1 a makarantu fiye da tsofaffi saboda dalilai na yau da kullun kamar fa'idodin tattalin arziki na koyon yarukan Turai da suka fi dacewa.
* Ƙwararrun yankuna (L1 fifiko) sune ƙwararrun harshe suna ba da shawarar fa'idodin amfani da L1s bisa ga abubuwan lura da aka yi a yankunansu, amma wannan ba don da'awar cewa shine mafi kyawun matsakaici na koyarwa ba.

=== 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa da kasa ===
Kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, akwai kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da sauran IGOs da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin inganta ilimi a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, gami da waɗanda ke Afirka, kamar Peace Corps, wata hukumar sa kai ta Amurka da ke bayyana manufarsu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Projects in South Africa |url=https://www.peacecorps.gov/south-africa/projects/ |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=www.peacecorps.gov |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721174023/https://www.peacecorps.gov/south-africa/projects/ |archive-date=2020-07-21 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ilimi a Afirka ita ce yin aiki tare da ɗalibai don inganta ikon ilmantarwa da malamai don inganta ikon koyarwar su a cikin harshen Ingilishi. Wata sananniyar kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa wacce ke aiki a kan ci gaban ilimi na harsuna da yawa a ƙasa a Afirka sama da shekaru hamsin shine SIL, wanda ya gabatar da shirin yaren uwa da ake kira PROPELCA tare da fitattun shugabannin ilimi a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-05 |title=Fifty years of language development in Africa |url=https://www.sil.org/about/news/fifty-years-language-development-africa |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=SIL International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tsara shirin ne don sauƙaƙe koyar da Turanci da Faransanci ta hanyar koyarwa a cikin harshen uwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Gudanar da wannan ƙirar koyarwa ta fara ne a Babban Taron Kamaru a cikin 1995 ta Maurice Tadadjeu, ƙwararren masanin harshe wanda ya yi aiki tare da SIL. Bayan samun kyakkyawan ra'ayi, an gwada ƙirar a makarantu a Senegal kuma an ƙaddara ta zama nasara. A yau, ana amfani da shi azaman samfurin don koyar da harsuna na kasa da kasa ta hanyar koyar da harshe saboda ci gaba da aiwatarwa da nasara a kasashen Yammacin Afirka na [[Kamaru]], [[Ghana]], da [[Senegal]].[3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Ghana Education Structure.gif|thumb|Tsarin ilimi a ghana]]
'''Ilimi a Ghana''' yana amfani da tsarin ''dualistic'' wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin ilmantarwa na al'ada da na al'adu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Science and Technology in 18th Century Moliyili ) Dagomba) and the Timbuktiu Intellectual Tradition |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777_Science_and_Technology_in_18th_Century_Moliyili_Dagomba_and_the_Timbuktiu_Intellectual_Tradition}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exploring the Golden Era Of Dagbon Kingdom: The Impact of Moliyili Scholars and Its Fall |url=https://dagbonkingdom.com/moliyili-golden-age-of-dagbon-kingdom/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=CAUSE AND EFFECT BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONS: ANALYZING STATEMENTS THAT ADDRESS THE REGRESSION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406716}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yanzu a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai. Koyaya, tsarin ilmantarwa ya wanzu kafin haka. Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1700s. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Mazauna Turai da farko sun gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun da aka yi wa fitattun mutane [1], yayin da ilimin matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa yafi zama na al'ada, kuma ya dogara ne akan koyo. Ayyukan tattalin arziki a Ghana kafin mulkin mallaka sun dogara ne akan kayan gona da aka raba a cikin gidaje da membobin kowane gida waɗanda suka ƙware wajen samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar kayan dafa abinci, mafaka, tufafi, da kayan ɗaki, don haka ana yin kasuwanci tare da wasu gidaje a kan ƙaramin sikelin. Saboda haka babu buƙatar aiki a waje da gida wanda in ba haka ba zai buƙaci horo, dabi'u, da ƙwarewa ta hanyar tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 October 2018|title=Schools under trees deserve national priority|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/daily-graphic-editorials/schools-under-trees-deserve-national-priority.html|access-date=11 January 2020|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Glavin|first=Chris|date=6 February 2017|title=History of Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics|url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/history-education-ghana|access-date=10 February 2020|website=www.k12academics.com|language=en|archive-date=12 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812183527/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/history-education-ghana|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;[https://aaeafrica.org/ghana/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/]  Bayan mulkin mallaka, tattalin arzikin Ghana ya zama haɗin kai da tattalin arziki na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hymer |first=Stephen |date=Spring 2018 |title=Economic Forms in Pre-Colonial Ghana |journal=Economic History Association |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=33–50 |doi=10.1017/S0022050700078578 |jstor=2116722 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10419/160011|s2cid=154689928 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [https://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/government-positive-about-ending-child-labour-and-forced-child-labour-in-ghana-by-2025/]&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akurang |first=Kwabena-Parry |date=2002 |title=&quot;The Loads Are Heavier than Usual&quot;: Forced Labor by Women and Children in the central province, Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), CA. 1900–1940 |journal=African Economic History |volume=30 |issue=30 |pages=31–35 |doi=10.2307/3601601 |jstor=3601601}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alamun ilimi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 November 2016 |title=Ghana |url=https://uis.unesco.org/country/GH |access-date=9 February 2018 |website=uis.unesco.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a Ghana suna nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsi, yankunan karkara da birane, da Kudancin da Arewacin kasar. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna haifar da matakin jama'a game da jahilci da rashin daidaito a samun ilimi. Cire jahilci ya kasance babban burin manufofin ilimi na Ghana a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, kuma wahalar tabbatar da samun daidaito ga ilimi ta amince da hukumomi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009012044/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-ghana |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan jama'a a cikin yankuna biyu sun samar da sakamakon da masana na kasa da kungiyoyin kasa suka yanke hukunci mai mahimmanci amma bai isa ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=Forum |url=https://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055559/http://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Association of African Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙara ilimin sana'a da horo a cikin ICT a cikin tsarin ilimi ana kuma jaddada shi a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana.

== Tarihi ==
Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekarun 1700, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; kuma ana tallafawa da kudade daga Yaa Naa, sarkin [[Masarautar Dagbon|Dagbon]], wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai kula da sarauta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; An watsar da wannan cibiyar ilmantarwa a lokacin mamayar Jamus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Amma ga al'ummomin Ghana da yawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka, ilimi a cikin ya kasance na al'ada; ana ba da ilimi da ƙwarewa ta baki da kuma ta hanyar koyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;qualityed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joe Adu-Agyem |last2=Patrick Osei-Poku |date=November 2012 |title=Quality Education In Ghana: The Way Forward |url=http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151355/http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=International Journal of Innovative Research and Development |pages=165–166}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kwamena-Poh |first=Michael A. |date=1975 |title=The Traditional Informal System of Education In Pre-colonial Ghana |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24349566 |journal=Présence Africaine |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.3917/presa.095.0269 |issn=0032-7638 |jstor=24349566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=The Informal Learning System in Ghana |url=https://aaeafrica.org/home/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/ |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=Africa Association of Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zuwan mazauna Turai a lokacin ya kawo sabbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa. An gina makarantu na al'ada, wanda ya ba da ilimi na littafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;qualityed&quot; /&gt; Masu sauraron su sun hada da fitattun mutane (mulattos, 'ya'yan sarakuna na gida, da masu cin kasuwa masu arziki) kuma kasancewarsu ta iyakance ga sansanonin mulkin mallaka a bakin tekun.&lt;ref name=&quot;AEHN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Denis Cogneau |last2=Alexander Moradi |date=November 2012 |title=Borders that divide: Education and religion in Ghana and Togo since colonial times |url=http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042243/http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The African Economic History Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Makarantun Castle ===
An bayyana niyyar [[Portugal|Portuguese na]] kafa makarantu a cikin umarnin mulkin mallaka a cikin 1529 wanda ya ƙarfafa gwamnan Portuguese a Elmina Castle ya koyar da karatu, rubutu, da addinin Katolika ga mutane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ansah |first=Solomon |date=2 October 2017 |title=History of Education in Ghana |url=http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=GhanaCulturePolitics |language=en-US |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502110008/http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/ghanan-political-geography/ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makarantun Castle da aka fi sani da su a Gold Coast sun haɗa da wanda Danish ke sarrafawa a Osu Castle, wanda aka fi sani le Fort Christianborg. Sauran shahararrun makarantun Castle sune makarantar Dutch a Elmina Castle (bayan kama shi) da kuma makarantar Burtaniya a Cape Coast Castle .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana – History Background |url=https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/529/Ghana-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=education.stateuniversity.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaweb.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=Brief History of State-Organized Education in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Brief-History-of-State-Organized-Education-in-Ghana-54812 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Karni na 18 ===
A shekara ta 1765, Philip Quaque ya kafa makaranta a gidansa a Cape Coast wanda daga baya ya zama makarantar firamare ta farko a Ghana. Makarantar Yara ta Philip Quaque ta samar da sanannun digiri da yawa kamar; tsohon Kakakin Majalisar, Ebenezer Begyina Sekyi Hughes, tsohon Shugaban Ma'aikata a karkashin tsohon Shugaba [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]], Nana Ato Dadzie, da Oguaa Omanhen, Osaebar Kwesi Atta II . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taken makarantar, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Yaren Fante, shine &quot;Nyansa ahyese ne Nyamesuro&quot; wanda ke fassara a matsayin &quot;Tsoron Ubangiji shine farkon Hikima&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaweb.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=First School In Ghana In Ruins |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/First-School-In-Ghana-In-Ruins-82979 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Karni na 19 ===
Bayan ya zauna a [[Kumasi]] a 1807, Muhammed al-Ghamba - shugaban al'ummar musulmi na [[Daular Ashanti]], ya gina makaranta a farkon karni na 19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=John S. Pobee}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1819, makarantar ta karbi dalibai 70 tare da Asantehene Osei Bonsu yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar. Karni na 19 ya ga karuwar tasirin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje. Tare da isowar ƙarin manufofi a cikin ƙasar ya zo fashewa a makarantun manufofi ko'ina cikin kudancin Ghana. Masu wa'azi na Wesleyan da Basel sun kafa makarantu a Cape Coast, [[Accra]], Anomabu, Dixcove, Akropong, da kuma duk bakin tekun tsakanin shekarun 1830 da 1850. A cikin 1831 an aika sarakuna biyu na Ashanti - Owusu Kwantabisa, ɗan [[Osei Yaw Akoto]], da Owusu Ansah, ɗan O Sei Bonsu - zuwa makarantar Cape Coast Castle don samun ilimi a kan kuɗin Kyaftin George Maclean, sannan gwamnan [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]]. Daga baya aka tura sarakuna biyu zuwa Ingila don ƙarin karatu. A cikin shekarun 1840, masu wa'azi na Wesleyan sun koma Kumasi don kafa makarantun mishan.  &lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaweb.com&quot;/&gt;

A farkon karni, Burtaniya ta sami tasiri a kan yankunan Ghana wanda ya haifar da kafa mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast a 1874.  Tare da shi ya zo da yawan makarantun mishan da kamfanonin kasuwanci, ayyukan Wesleyan da Basel sune mafi shahara. Ofishin Jakadancin Wesleyan ya kasance a bakin tekun tare da Turanci a matsayin babban yarensu. Aikin Basel ya fadada zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya yi amfani da harsuna na gari a matsayin matsakaici na tuba. Tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Burtaniya, manufofi sun bunƙasa a cikin tsarin da aka rarraba sosai wanda ya bar babban wuri don 'yancin koyarwa. Ayyuka sun kasance babban mai ba da ilimi na yau da kullun har zuwa samun 'yancin kai. A karkashin mulkin mallaka, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance gata ga 'yan kaɗan.
[[Fayil:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-46-19.jpg|thumb|Janairu 1957: dalibai tare da babban malami a waje da Legon Hall, ɗaya daga cikin Halls of Residence a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu [[Jami'ar Ghana]]) kusa da Accra]]

=== Karni na 20 zuwa 21 ===
Ghana ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1957. Sabuwar gwamnatin Nkrumah ta bayyana ilimi a matsayin mabuɗin nan gaba sannan ta sanar da wata babbar jami'a da ke samar da &quot;ra'ayin Afirka&quot;, wanda ke samun tallafin ilimi na bai ɗaya kyauta. &lt;ref name=&quot;kwame&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kwame Akyeampong |title=Educational Expansion and Access in Ghana: A Review of 50 Years of Challenge and Progress |url=http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/50%20Years%20of%20Educational_Progress_%20in_Ghana.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=Centre for International Education, University of Sussex}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1961, Dokar Ilimi ta gabatar da ka'idar ilimin firamare kyauta da tilas, sannan aka kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. &lt;ref name=&quot;IBE2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana Education Service (GES) |date=2004 |title=The development of Education, National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731203731/https://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniel, G. F. |date=1997–1998 |title=The universities in Ghana |url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The Commonwealth Universities Year Book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702233108/http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |archive-date=2 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sakamakon haka, da rajista  kusan ninki biyu a shekara mai zuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abena D. Oduro |date=2000 |title=Basic Education in Ghana in the post-reform period |url=http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |publisher=Center for Policy Analysis (CEPA) |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033605/http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan faɗaɗa kwatsam ya kasance, duk da haka, yana da wuyar iyawa; Nan da nan Ghana ta gaza samun horarwar malamai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1969 |title=International Year Book of Education |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001329/132959eo.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=79}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an yi tambaya game da ingancin manhajar (musamman a Turanci da Lissafi). &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot; /&gt; Faduwar Nkrumah a shekarar 1966 ya biyo bayan sukar da aka yi kan fadada ilimi kan tsadar inganci. &lt;ref name=&quot;kwame&quot; /&gt; Duk da saurin haɓaka kayan aikin makaranta, rajista a hankali ya ragu har zuwa 1973. &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot; /&gt; Shekarar 1974 ta ga yunkurin kawo sauyi. Bayan rahoton kwamitin Dozbo, sun &lt;/link&gt; ya bi manufofi guda biyu: rage tsawon lokacin karatun gaba da sakandare (wanda ya haifar da samar da tsarin firamare / yara / manyan makarantu) &lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |pages=9–14 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma gyara shirye-shirye don inganta darussa masu amfani a makaranta. &lt;ref name=&quot;qualityed&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot; /&gt; An aiwatar da waɗannan gyare-gyare ne kawai saboda ƙarancin kuɗi da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;qualityed&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge&quot; /&gt; Yanayin tattalin arzikin kasar ya kara tabarbarewa a farkon shekarun 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;kwame&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge&quot; /&gt; Yayin da kasar ke fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki, kasar ta gaza wajen magance matsalar karancin malamai, kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa a makarantu, da kuma shawo kan iyaye su tura ‘ya’yansu makaranta maimakon ma’aikata. &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CCE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Macbeath |date=October 2010 |title=Living with the colonial legacy: The Ghana story |url=http://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/cce/publications/CCE_Report_No3-Ghana_LivingTheColonialLegacy.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=Center for Common Wealth Education |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Ratio na Rijista (GER) ya ragu sosai a cikin martani, ya faɗi ƙasa da 70% a cikin 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;CEPA&quot; /&gt;

Shekarar 1987 ta nuna farkon sabon jerin gyare-gyare: juyin mulkin soja na [[Jerry Rawlings]] a 1981 ya biyo bayan wani lokaci na kwanciyar hankali na siyasa kuma ya buɗe hanyar samun goyon bayan kasa da kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;kwame&quot;/&gt; Gwamnatin Rawlings ta tara isasshen kuɗi daga ƙasashe da yawa da kungiyoyin duniya (ciki har da [[Bankin Duniya]]) don samar da manyan canje-canje ga tsarin ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge&quot;/&gt; Dokar Ilimi ta 1987 da nufin juya matakan kwamitin Dozbo na 1974 zuwa gaskiya:  an kaddamar da kamfen ɗin karatu da rubutu na ƙasa, &lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge&quot; /&gt; rage ilimin sakandare daga shekaru 17 zuwa 12 kuma ilimin sana'a ya bayyana a makarantun sakandare.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCE&quot;/&gt; Ilimi ya zama tilas daga shekaru 6 zuwa 14. Gyaran ya yi nasara wajen sanya sabon tsarin ilimi, da kuma kara yawan shiga da yawan makarantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |page=26 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka alkawarin samun dama ga ilimi na asali na duniya bai cika ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joshua J.K. Baku, ERNWACA |date=2003 |title=Critical Perspectives on Education and skills in eastern Africa on basic and post-basic Levels |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=NORRAG}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma dauki shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin gazawar.&lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge2&quot; /&gt; Komawa ga mulkin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1992, har yanzu a karkashin gwamnatin Rawlings, ya ba da sabon motsi ta hanyar dawo da aikin jihar don samar da ilimi na asali kyauta da tilas ga kowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=World Data on Education |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314095728/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dokar karamar hukuma ta 1993 ta fara rarraba a cikin gudanar da ilimi, ta hanyar canja wurin iko ga majalisun gundumar.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot; /&gt; The Free, tilas da Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) sun samar da shirin aiki na tsawon 1996-2005, suna mai da hankali kan kawar da bambancin jinsi a makarantun firamare, inganta kayan koyarwa, da inganta yanayin rayuwar malamai.&lt;ref name=&quot;cambridge&quot; /&gt; Daga baya aka kammala shi ta hanyar ayyuka kamar kirkirar Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha a cikin 2006 (don inganta ilimin sana'a), da kuma kafa kwamitin amincewa na kasa a cikin 2007, gabatar da amincewar kasa ga dukkan cibiyoyin matakin sakandare.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot; /&gt; A cikin 2007-08, an kara shekaru biyu a makarantar sakandare zuwa FCUBE (wanda yanzu yana daga shekaru 4 zuwa 14). &lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdiga ==
Kudin da Ghana ke kashewa a kan ilimi ya kasance kusan kashi 25% &lt;ref name=&quot;World Bank&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;617&quot;&gt;[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=GH=GHdisplay=graph &quot;Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure)&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;618&quot;&gt;''worldbank.org''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;619&quot;&gt;[[World Bank]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;621&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na kasafin kudin shekara-shekara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Tsarin ilimin Ghana daga makarantar sakandare zuwa matakin digiri yana ɗaukar shekaru 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;Education in Ghana&quot;&gt;[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/education/ &quot;Education in Ghana&quot;] ghanaweb.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:552px;max-width:552px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:274px;max-width:274px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:University_of_Education,_Winneba_(UEW)_North_Campus.jpg|alt=|272x272px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Bayyanar gaba na [[University of Education, Winneba|Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba]] (UEW) Arewa Campus a Winneba.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:274px;max-width:274px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:College_of_Engineering,_KNUST_Auditorium.JPG|alt=|272x272px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Daliban Jami'ar Ghana a [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] (KNUST) a Kumasi, Fabrairu 2011.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Ghana ta zira kwallaye 1 a kan [[UNESCO]] Gender Parity Index (GPI) don matakan makarantar firamare da sakandare a shekarar 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;news.myjoyonline.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ENR.PRSC.FM.ZS |access-date=21 July 2013 |website=data.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adadin manya (15 da tsofaffi) a Ghana ya kai 79.04% a cikin 2018, tare da maza a 83.53% da mata a 74.47% .&lt;ref name=&quot;Field listing: Literacy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 2020 |title=Literacy rate Ghana |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=GH |website=data.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Canjin hanzari na Ghana daga tattalin arziki na al'ada zuwa tattalin arziki na yau da kullun ya sanya ilimi muhimmiyar manufa ta siyasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lord |first=Jack |year=2011 |title=Child Labor in the Gold Coast: The Economics of Work, Education, and the Family in Late-Colonial African Childhoods, c. 1940–57 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11595/1/Jack_Lord,_Child_Labor_in_the_Gold_Coast.pdf |journal=The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth |volume=4 |pages=88–115 |doi=10.1353/hcy.2011.0005 |s2cid=143683964 |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916184531/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11595/1/Jack_Lord%2C_Child_Labor_in_the_Gold_Coast.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Girman aikin, da kuma matsalolin tattalin arziki da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, sun rage yunkurin sake fasalin. Dokar Ilimi ta 1987, wanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992, ya biyo baya, ya ba da sabon ci gaba ga manufofin ilimi a kasar. A cikin shekara ta 2011, yawan shiga makarantar firamare ya kai 84%, wanda [[UNICEF]] ta bayyana a matsayin &quot;da nisa&quot; na matsakaicin [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|yankin Sahara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Making tertiary education free: a priority of all university students |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Making-tertiary-education-free-a-priority-of-all-university-students-646753 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin rahoton 2013-14, Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya ya sanya Ghana a matsayi na 46 daga cikin kasashe 148 don ingancin tsarin ilimi. A shekara ta 2010, yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu a Ghana ya kai 71.5%, tare da sanannen rata tsakanin maza (78.3%) da mata (65.3%). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Charity that Empowers Children to dream |url=https://eddiesteddies.org/our-projects |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Eddies Teddies |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jaridar Guardian ta bayyana a watan Afrilun 2015 cewa kashi 90% na yara a Ghana sun shiga makaranta, gaba da kasashe kamar [[Pakistan]] da [[Najeriya]] a kashi 72% da 64% bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |url=https://fireprojectghana.com/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawan karatun maza da mata masu shekaru 15-24 a Ghana ya kai 81% a cikin 2010, tare da maza a 82%,  da mata a 80% . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.MA.ZS/countries |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.FE.ZS |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 2008, rajista ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a duk matakan ilimi (firamare, firamare, sakandare, da sakandare).{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Tare da kashi 84% na 'ya'yanta a makarantar firamare, Ghana tana da rajistar makaranta &quot;da nisa&quot; daga maƙwabtanta na kudu da Sahara.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803061043/http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 April 2012 |website=unicef.org |publisher=[[UNICEF|United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adadin cibiyoyin ilimi ya karu a wannan lokacin.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ilimi na sana'a (a cikin cibiyoyin [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]], ba tare da haɗa shirye-shiryen sana'a da fasaha na SHS ba) shine kawai banda, tare da raguwar rajista na 1.3% da ɓacewar fiye da cibiyoyi 50 tsakanin shekarun 2011/12 da 2012/2013.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Wannan faduwar za ta kasance sakamakon ƙarancin ilimi na sana'a da rashin buƙata daga masana'antu.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto;&quot;
|+Shiga da GER a cikin pre-tertiary (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}
!
!{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}}
!{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}}
!{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}}
!{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}}
!{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutes}}
|-
!Shigarwa
|1,604,505
|4,105,913
|1,452,585
|842,587
|61,496
|-
|GER a cikin % 
|113.8
|105.0
|82.2
|36.8
|2.7
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto;&quot;
|+Yawan tsarin da ke cikin ilimin sakandare (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}
!
!{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}}
!{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}}
!{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}}
!{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}}
!{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutions}}
|-
!Jama'a
|13,305
|14,112
|8,818
|535
|107
|-
!Masu zaman kansu
|5,972
|5,742
|3,618
|293
|74
|-
!Jimillar
|19,277
|19,854
|12,436
|828
|181
|}
Ma'aikatar Ilimi kididdigar ta nuna dalibai 261,962 a lokacin karatun 2011/2012: 202,063 a bangaren gwamnati da 59,899 a bangaren masu zaman kansu, suna halartar cibiyoyi 142.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}

== Tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun ==

=== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ===
[[Fayil:Ghana_Education_Structure.gif|right|thumb|550x550px|{{Center|Education structure of Ghana}}]]
Tsarin ilimin Ghana ya kasu kashi uku: ilimi na asali, ilimin sakandare, da ilimin sakandare. Shekarar ilimi yawanci tana tafiya daga Agusta zuwa Mayu hadawa kuma tana da makonni 40 a makarantar firamare da babbar makarantar sakandare, da makonni 45 a makarantar sakandare.  Ana koyar da darussan da farko a Turanci.

=== Ilimi na asali ===
{{Blockquote|HE in Ghana is disproportionately ‘consumed’ by the richest 20% of the population. Male students from the highest income quintile (Q5) are more than seven times more likely to enter and successfully complete HE than those from the poorest quintile (Q1). The situation is even more precarious for the female category where students come from only the richest 40% of the population.|World Bank 2011|[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/06/27/000442464_20130627122630/Rendered/PDF/597550Revised00elivery0March0902011.pdf&quot; Education in Ghana: Improving equity, efficiency, and accountability of Education service delivery]}}
Ilimi na asali yana da shekaru 12 (shekaru 4-15). &lt;ref name=&quot;GEScurr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basic Education curriculum |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525195225/http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum-1 |archive-date=25 May 2014 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service (GES)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirin yana da kyauta kuma ya tilas kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mafi ƙarancin lokacin makaranta da ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa yara suna samun ilimin karatu da rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewar warware matsaloli da ƙwarewa don kerawa da rayuwa mai kyau&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GEScurr&quot; /&gt; An raba shi zuwa makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare da makarantar sakandare (JHS), wanda ya ƙare a Jarabawar Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta asali (BECE). &lt;ref name=&quot;BECE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council(corporate site: Ghana) |title=BECE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519130523/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Makarantar jariri tana da shekaru biyu (shekaru 4-6). &lt;ref name=&quot;GEScurr&quot;/&gt; Shirin ya kasu kashi shida: &lt;ref name=&quot;GEScurr&quot; /&gt; Harshe da Karatu (Ci gaban Harshe), Ayyuka masu kirkiro (Drawing da Rubuce-rubuce), Lissafi (Aiki na Lamba), Nazarin Muhalli, Motsi da Wasan kwaikwayo (Music da Dance), da Ci gaban Jiki (Ilimi na Jiki).

Makarantar firamare tana da shekaru shida (shekaru 6-11). &lt;ref name=&quot;GEScurr&quot;/&gt; Darussan da aka koyar a matakin firamare ko na asali sun haɗa da Turanci, yarukan Ghana da al'adun Ghana, ICT, lissafi, nazarin muhalli, nazarin zamantakewa, Mandarin da Faransanci (kamar yadda Ghana memba ce ta OIF), haɗin kai ko kimiyya gaba ɗaya, ƙwarewar sana'a da ƙwarewar fasaha, ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a, da ayyukan jiki kamar kiɗa da rawa na Ghana, da ilimin jiki. Babu takardar shaidar kammala a ƙarshen makarantar firamare.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}}

Makarantar sakandare ta Junior tana da shekaru uku (shekaru 12-15). &lt;ref name=&quot;GEScurr2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Basic curriculum Education: The Junior High Education |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605133413/http://ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service}}&lt;/ref&gt; JHS ta ƙare tare da BECE, wanda ya rufe harshen Ingilishi, harshen Ghana da al'adu, nazarin zamantakewa, hadadden kimiyya, lissafi, ƙira da fasaha, ICT, Faransanci (zaɓin rai), da Ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;BECE&quot;/&gt;

=== Ilimi na sakandare ===
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:413px;max-width:413px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:217px;max-width:217px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:Pope_John_Senior_High_School_and_Minor_Seminary_students_receive_their_WASSCE_upon_Graduation.jpg|alt=|215x215px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Paparoma John Senior High School da Minor Seminary dalibai karbar [[WASSCE]] bayan kammala karatunsu kafin shiga [[University education|jami'a]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:192px;max-width:192px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:Accra_Aca_81st_Anniversary_Science_Exhibition.JPG|alt=|190x190px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;Daliban [[Accra Academy|Kwalejin Accra]] suna yin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Daliban da suka wuce BECE na iya ci gaba zuwa ilimin sakandare, suna karatun ko dai shirye-shiryen ilimi ko sana'a.

Don ilimin ilimi, ɗalibai suna shiga makarantar sakandare (SHS). Shirin SHS ya ƙunshi manyan batutuwa, waɗanda aka kammala ta hanyar batutuwa (waɗanda ɗalibai suka zaɓa). Babban batutuwa sune harshen Ingilishi, lissafi, hadadden kimiyya (ciki har da kimiyya, ICT da nazarin muhalli) da nazarin zamantakewa (tattalin arziki, yanayin ƙasa, tarihi da gwamnati). &lt;ref name=&quot;A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System |url=http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_view&amp;gid=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809071841/http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_view&amp;gid=4 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |website=TobeWorldwide.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalibai suna zaɓar batutuwa uku ko huɗu daga shirye-shiryen da ake da su: noma, zane-zane ko kimiyya, kasuwanci, sana'a da shirye-shirye na fasaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council (WAEC) |date=2012 |title=WASSCE – subjects for examination |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502002700/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |archive-date=2 May 2017 |access-date=18 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan tsarin karatun yana da shekaru uku, sakamakon sauye-sauye da yawa: an tsawaita shi zuwa shekaru huɗu a 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Modern Ghana |title=The 2007 education Reform and its challenges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/475340/1/the-2007-educational-reform-and-its-callenges.html |access-date=28 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan ya koma shekaru uku a 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |date=2 September 2009 |title=3-year SHS programme starts next year |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=167932 |access-date=28 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsawon SHS har yanzu tambaya ce mai jayayya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TV3 Network |title=Bring back the 4 year SHS system |url=http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519004229/http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana Web |date=5 June 2013 |title=The fate of Ghana's Education system |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=275876 |access-date=18 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SHS ta ƙare a jarrabawar ƙarshe da ake kira jarrabawar takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (WASSCE), wanda ake kira takardar shaidarsa ta makarantar sakandare (SSSC) kafin shekara ta 2007.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Ana kafa matsayi na SHS a kowace shekara ta sashen Statistics, Research, Information, Management and Public Relations (SRIMPR) na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, bisa ga sakamakon WASSCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Expose Ghana |date=March 2014 |title=2013 WASSCE SHS Rankings- Full List |url=http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002805/http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyuka da ilimin fasaha (wanda ake kira &quot;TVET&quot;) suna ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban. Dalibai da ke son neman ilimin sana'a suna da zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu: shiga SHS da ɗaukar shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin zaɓuɓɓugar, ko shiga cibiyar fasaha da sana'a (TVI). &lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot;/&gt; Daliban SHS suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru uku na SHS. Za su iya - biyo bayan isasshen sakamakon WASSCE - shiga jami'a ko shirin polytechnic.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;COTVET&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daliban TVI yawanci suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru huɗu, an raba su cikin zagaye biyu na shekaru biyu, wanda ke haifar da kyaututtuka daga City &amp; Guilds, Royal Society of Arts ko Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;COTVET&quot; /&gt; Za su iya bin shirin polytechnic.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot; /&gt;

Yanayin ilimin sana'a a Ghana ya kasance ba a sani ba: 90% na ilimin sana'o'i har yanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, yana ɗaukar nau'in koyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;COTVET&quot;/&gt; Bayar da shirye-shiryen sana'a na yau da kullun a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu yana da wuyar bayyanawa kuma Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fahimci rashin iya samar da shirye-'adun sana'a ta jama'a.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatu da yawa suna da nasu shirye-shirye.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}

Akwai makarantu da yawa na kasa da kasa a Ghana, gami da Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Takoradi, Makarantar Kasa ta Galaxy, Makarantar Roman Ridge, Makarantar Duniya ta Ghana, Makarantar Al'umma ta Lincoln, Makarantar Faith Montessori, Makarantar Kasashen Duniya ta Amurka, Makarantar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar, Makarantar Sabuwar Ƙasa, Kwalejin Duniya ta SOS Hermann Gmeiner da Makarantar Al-umma ta Duniya. Wadannan suna ba da Baccalaureat na Duniya, Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi na Ci gaba da Babban Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Sakandare ta Duniya (IGCSE).

=== Ilimi na sakandare ===
Ilimi na sakandare a Ghana ya kasance yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, duka dangane da rajista da cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Wani bangare mai mahimmanci na wannan ci gaba ya fito ne daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=The development of Education: National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820010306/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=IBE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Private Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;layout=blog&amp;id=65&amp;Itemid=193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140523154620/http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;layout=blog&amp;id=65&amp;Itemid=193 |archive-date=23 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=National Accreditation Board (NAB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jami'o'i (6 na jama'a da 49 masu zaman kansu) {{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} suna ba da ilimi na ilimi, daga bachelor zuwa PhD. Ana shigar da dalibai bisa ga aikin su a [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] - ana buƙatar matsakaicin maki 24 don yin amfani da shirin digiri na farko (duba &quot;Tsarin Girma&quot; a ƙasa). Ana kammala digiri na farko bayan shekaru hudu na karatun digiri a wani takamaiman filin.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Digiri na Jagora suna da nau'o'i biyu: shirin shekara guda da aka kammala tare da takarda ta ƙarshe bisa ga nazarin wallafe-wallafen, ko shirin shekaru biyu, wanda aka kammala tare le takarda ta karshe bisa ga shekara guda na bincike mai zaman kansa.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Dukansu zasu iya haifar da PhD, yawanci ana samun su a cikin shekaru uku a cikin shirin digiri.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}}

Akwai polytechnics goma a Ghana, wanda ke ba da darussan sana'a na shekaru uku wanda ke haifar da Digiri mafi girma na kasa (HND).{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Dalibai za su iya bin shirin na musamman na watanni 18 don samun digiri na farko na Fasaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot;/&gt;

Ghana kuma tana da &quot;kollejojin ilimi&quot; da yawa, na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Yawanci suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya - kwalejojin noma, kwalejojin horar da malamai, kwalejoji na horar da malaman, da dai sauransu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}}

Sabbin masu digiri na sakandare dole ne su yi aiki shekara guda a cikin Ma'aikatar Kasa. Masu halarta na iya aiki a daya daga cikin bangarori bakwai masu zuwa: noma, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, karamar hukuma, ci gaban karkara, soja ko shirye-shiryen matasa &lt;ref name=&quot;ICICP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Country profile: Ghana |url=http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102702/http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=International Association for National Youth Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NSS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mandate of the NSS |url=http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=78&amp;Itemid=103 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806212250/http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=78&amp;Itemid=103 |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=National Service Scheme (NSS)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin annobar coronavirus, jami'o'i da yawa a Ghana sun ɗauki Fasahar Ilimi don ba da damar ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane da ilmantarwa mai nisa. Duk da yake ICTs sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimi a Ghana, binciken da aka yi a 2022 ya nuna kalubalen ilmantarwa mai kama da COVID a cikin shirye-shiryen digiri a jami'o'in jama'a na Ghana.Kalubale sun haɗa da rashin sadaukarwa daga malamai da ɗalibai game da ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane, ilimin da ba cikakke ba game da dandamali na ilmantarwa da aka yi amfani da su, da kuma rashin sadarwa tsakanin jami'o'i da ɗaliban game da dandalin ilmantarwa. 

'''Shigarwa cikin ilimi mai zurfi'''

Don shiga kwalejojin ilimi, ana buƙatar masu neman su biya kuɗin , don samun Lambar tantancewa ta mutum (PIN) da lambar shigarwa don amfani da su don samun dama da cika fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=April 13, 2020 – St Francis College of Education |url=http://www.franco.edu.gh/2020/04/13/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu nema za su zaɓi kwalejoji uku da suka zaɓa don shirin su bisa ga fifiko, akan fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi. Idan ba su sami shigarwa cikin zaɓi na farko ba, za a iya la'akari da zaɓi na biyu da na uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;AGH-20200325&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=17 March 2020 |title=Official Admission Forms For All Colleges Of Education In Ghana And How To Apply 2020 / 2021 |url=https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325130615/https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsarin darajar ===
Tsarin ƙididdigar Ghana ya bambanta a kowane lokaci a ilimi. Ta hanyar makarantar sakandare zuwa ƙaramar makarantar sakandare, kowane aji da ɗalibin ya samu an rubuta shi dangane da lambobi. Ba kamar tsarin grading na haruffa ba, babu tsarin pluses da minuses (watau babu 1+ ko 6- maki). &lt;ref name=&quot;Glavin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Structure of Formal Education {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/structure-formal-education |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211020302/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/structure-formal-education |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Babban makarantar sakandare'''

Har zuwa shekara ta 2007, babbar makarantar sakandare ta ƙare tare da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare (SSSC).{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin sa ya tafi daga A zuwa E.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} A cikin 2007, [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] ta maye gurbin SSSC.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin kimantawa na WASSCE yana ƙara lambobi ga haruffa, yana ba da sikelin kimantawa mafi girma. A cikin tsarin biyu, kowane matsayi yana nufin wasu maki. Don shiga shirin digiri na farko, galibi ana tambayar masu neman kada su wuce maki 24 a WASSCE.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Tsarin karatun sakandare na makarantar sakandare {{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}}
!Matsayi na SSSCE (kafin 2007), [a cikin maki]
!Matsayi na WASSCE (tun daga 2007), [a cikin maki]
!Bayyanawa
|-
|A [1]
|A1 [1]
|Mai Kyau
|-
|B [2]
|B2 [2]
|Yana da kyau sosai
|-
|C [3]
|B3 [3]
|Daɗi
|-
|D [4]
|C4 [4]
|Kyauta
|-
|
|C5 [5]
|Kyauta
|-
|
|C6 [6]
|Kyauta
|-
|E
|D7
|wucewa
|-
|
|E8
|wucewa
|-
|F
|F9
|Rashin Nasara
|-
|}
'''Ilimi na sakandare'''

Tsarin grading ya bambanta tsakanin cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Kusan dukkanin cibiyoyin sakandare sun dogara ne akan Matsakaicin Matsakaicin (GPA) a matsayin hanyar tantance ko dalibi yana kasawa ko wucewa, amma kowane makaranta yana da nasu hanyar lissafin GPA, saboda tsarin su na mutum. Misali, alamar 80 na iya zama A a makaranta daya amma A + a wata makaranta.

== Ilimi mai zaman kansa da haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu a Ghana ==
Gwamnatin Ghana ba za ta iya ɗaukar kuɗin ilimi ba, don haka akwai cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da yawa don taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nsiah-Peprah |first=Y. |date=1 January 2004 |title=Assessment of the role of private schools in the development of education in Ghana. A study of the Kumasi Metropolis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/just/article/view/32917 |journal=Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=54–75 |issn=0855-0395}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnatin Ghana ba ta iya samar da ƙarin ayyukan ilimi ba &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; don haka ilimi ya zama ƙoƙari na gwamnati da cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu, don biyan rashin ingancin kudi a gefen gwamnati da kuma sa ilimi ya sami damar kowa.&lt;ref&gt;Adoma, K., &amp; S. Yeboah (2014). &lt;/ref&gt; Akwai kira ga haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a ilimi a mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa saboda karuwar shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu cikin ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akyeampong |first=Kwame |date=2009 |title=Public–private partnership in the provision of basic education in Ghana: challenges and choices |journal=Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1080/03057920902750368 |s2cid=144531369 |via=Taylor &amp; Francis Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsarin wannan hadin gwiwa ta bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu don magance matsalar samar da ilimi a matakin asali ko na farko kamar haka''':''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Hukumar
!Matsayi
|-
|'''Sashen jama'a'''
|
|-
|Gwamnatin Tsakiya
|Mai alhakin biyan malamai da ke koyarwa a makarantun gwamnati
Yana da alhakin samar da litattafan kyauta ga ɗalibai a makarantun gwamnati, daga firamare 1 zuwa 6

Mai alhakin samar da kayayyaki, kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don makarantun jama'a na asali
|-
|Taron Gundumar
| title=&quot;&lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Kindergarten&lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&quot; |Bayar da kayan aikin ilimi
|-
|-
|'''Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu'''
|
|-
|Iyaye
|Mai alhakin biyan kuɗin masu amfani da littafi ga yara a matakin makarantar sakandare
Mai kula da kayan gida, abinci, da sufuri zuwa da kuma daga makaranta
|-
|Al'ummomi
|Kula da aji da samarwa
|-
|Coci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu
|Bayar da gine-ginen makaranta da tsari, kayan aiki
|-
|-
|Cibiyoyin Masu zaman kansu / Mutane
|Kafa da gudanar da makarantu masu zaman kansu da masu kafa ke gudanarwa kawai, ba tare da taimakon kudi ko ababen more rayuwa daga gwamnati ba
|-
|Ƙungiyoyin Duniya
|Bayar da taimakon kudi da fasaha don ilimi na asali a Ghana
|}
Kasancewar masu zaman kansu a cikin ilimi ya shafi ilimi a Ghana; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=April 2014 |title=The role and impact of private schools in developing countries – Bibliography and literature reviews |url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |publisher=Institute of Education, University of London |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2018-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092205/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; makarantun firamare da ƙananan makarantun sakandare masu zaman kansu sun fi makarantun gwamnati. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Private schools for the poor |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/private-schools-for-the-poor/ |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 74.7% na makarantun firamare da ƙananan sakandare 779 an gano su a matsayin makarantun masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙididdigar da aka gudanar a gundumar Ga, yayin da sauran 25.3% an gano su ne a matsayin gwamnati ko makarantun gwamnati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tooley |first=James |last2=Dixon |first2=Pauline |last3=Amuah |first3=Isaac |date=1 July 2007 |title=Private and Public Schooling in Ghana: A Census and Comparative Survey |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-review-of-education_2007-07_53_4/page/389 |journal=International Review of Education |language=en |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=389–415 |bibcode=2007IREdu..53..389T |doi=10.1007/s11159-007-9042-3 |issn=0020-8566 |s2cid=144312107}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan dalibai a kasashe masu tasowa da ke halartar makarantun masu zaman kansu ya karu daga 11% zuwa 22% .&lt;ref&gt;Abdul-Hamid, Husein; Baum, Donald Rey; De Brular, Laura Lewis; Lusk-Stover, Oni; Tettey, Leslie Ofosu. &lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==

=== Gudanarwa ===
Ilimi a Ghana yana ƙarƙashin alhakin Ma'aikatar Ilimi. Hukumomin da yawa suna aiwatar da manufofi; Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana (GES) tana da alhakin daidaita manufofin ilimi na kasa a kan ilimin sakandare.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot;/&gt; Yana raba wannan aikin tare da hukumomi masu cin gashin kansu guda uku: Hukumar Kula da Makarantu ta Kasa (NaSIA, tsohon NIB), Majalisar Koyarwa ta Kasa (NTC) da Majalisar Kasa don Tsarin Mulki da Bincike (NCCA). &lt;ref name=&quot;GEDP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2012 |title=Ghana Education Decentralization Project (GEDP): Operational Framework for National Teaching Council (NTC) |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=Ministry of Education |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808132641/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana gudanar da jarrabawar ƙarshe na ilimin sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (Ofishin Kasa, Ghana) wanda ya haɗa da BECE da WASCCE, da kuma jarrabawar ƙwararru na ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the WASSCE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519131046/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=WASSCE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa an sadaukar da ita ga gudanar da TVET.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 2012 |title=Vocational Education in Ghana |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=GHA |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tarin da nazarin bayanan ilimi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar Tsarin Bayanai na Gudanar da Ilimi (EMIS). &lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot; /&gt;

Ana aiwatar da manufofi tare da hadin gwiwar ofisoshin gida. An raba Ghana zuwa yankuna 16 da ofisoshin gundumar 230. &lt;ref name=&quot;IBE&quot;/&gt; Shirin Rarraba Ilimi na Ghana (GEDP), wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2010 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2012, ya kara tasirin hukumomin gida kan gudanarwa, kudi, da batutuwan aiki idan ya zo ga al'amuran ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GEDP&quot;/&gt;

=== Kudin gudanarwa ===
Jihar Ghana ta sadaukar da kashi 23% na kudaden da ta kashe don ilimi a shekara ta 2010. Fiye da 90% na wannan kasafin kudin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da hukumomin ta ne ke kashewa, tare da ilimin firamare (31% na kashewa) da kuma ilimin sakandare (21.6%) da ke karɓar mafi yawa. Kudin da aka kashe ana tallafawa ne daga masu ba da gudummawa. Daga cikinsu akwai Bankin Duniya, Amurka (ta hanyar USAID), Ingila (ta hanyar DfID) da Tarayyar Turai. Kasancewarsu yawanci ana mayar da hankali ne ga aikin kuma ana ba da ita a wasu yanayi, yana ba su wani tasiri. Wannan tasirin na iya haifar da muhawara idan ya zo ga maɓalli-reforms: don aikin FCUBE, Bankin Duniya ya ɗora cajin littafi a makarantun firamare da rage farashin ciyarwa da shiga a makarantun sakandare. Da yake fuskantar zargi, Bankin ya nace kan &quot;mai karfi na cikin gida&quot; na sake fasalin da kuma bukatar tabbatar da &quot;farfadowar farashin&quot;. Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2012, gudummawar masu ba da gudummawa ga kasafin kudin ilimi ya fadi daga 8.5% zuwa 2.5% na jimlar kashewa.

=== Horar da malamai ===
Kwalejin Ilimi (CoE) sune manyan cibiyoyin horar da malamai. A halin yanzu, akwai CoE na jama'a 46 a duk yankuna na Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=CoE Network |url=https://www.t-tel.org/coes-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128141150/http://www.t-tel.org:80/coes-network |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=t-tel.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna ba da tsarin karatun shekaru uku wanda ke kaiwa ga difloma a Ilimi na asali (DBE). &lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kwame Bediako Asare |last2=Seth Kofi Nti |date=April 2014 |title=Teacher Education in Ghana: A contemporary synopsis and matters arising |journal=SAGE Open |publisher=SageOpen |volume=4 |issue=2 |doi=10.1177/2158244014529781 |s2cid=143032669 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; An bayyana tsarin karatun a matsayin &quot;daidai&quot; kuma tare da &quot;maida hankali ga ƙasa&quot; koda kuwa CoE suna nan a kowane yanki na Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot; /&gt; Cibiyar Ilimi ta [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] ce ke gudanar da jarrabawar karshe da ke ba da DBE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot; /&gt; Ana ba masu riƙe da DBE damar koyarwa a kowane matakin ilimi na asali (kindergarten, makarantar firamare, makarantar sakandare). &lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot; /&gt;

Baya ga CoE, jami'o'i biyu (Cape Coast da [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba|Winneba]]) suma suna horar da malamai. Takamaiman digiri na shekaru huɗu yana ba da damar koyarwa a kowane ilimi na farko (yawancin masu digiri suna zaɓar ilimin sakandare). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Research overview: Teacher preparation and continuing professional development in Africa (TPA) |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cie/projects/completed/tpa/ghana |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=University of Sussex}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana buƙatar takamaiman digiri na biyu don koyarwa a CoE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot;/&gt; Har ila yau, jami'o'i suna ba da digiri na DBE tsarin karatun shekaru biyu wanda ke ba da damar koyarwa a makarantar sakandare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot; /&gt;

Ilimi na nesa kuma yana yiwuwa ta hanyar shirin shekaru huɗu wanda ke haifar da Diploma na Malami mara horo a Ilimi na asali (UTDBE). &lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot;/&gt; An gabatar da shi don kara yawan malamai na ilimi na asali a yankunan karkara. Malamai masu hidima na iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ilimi a makarantar, rukuni da matakan yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teacher&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan jama'a da manufofi ==

=== Ilimi na manya, ilimi mara kyau ===
Ayyukan jama'a game da jahilci sun fara sama da shekaru 50 da suka gabata a Ghana. An fara shi a cikin shekarun 1940 ta sarakunan Burtaniya, an ɗaga shi zuwa mafi girma bayan samun 'yancin Ghana a shekara ta 1957.  Rikicin siyasa ya iyakance wannan aikin ga shirye-shiryen gajeren lokaci, har zuwa 1987 da kuma kirkirar Sashen Ilimi na Ƙasashen (NFED), wanda burinsa shine kawar da jahilci a shekara ta 2000. Bayan gwaji mai gamsarwa a yankuna biyu, an fadada aikin ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu (FLSP) zuwa duk ƙasar a cikin shekara ta 1992. A shekara ta 2000, Shirin Nazarin Ayyuka na Kasa (FNLP) ya karɓi shirin, wanda har yanzu yake aiki a yau. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna mai da hankali kan jinsi da rashin daidaito na ƙasa. Mata da mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara sune manyan burinsu. A shekara ta 2004, akwai cibiyoyin karatu da rubutu 1238 , galibi a yankunan da ba na birni ba.

Ayyukan da suka biyo baya sun haifar da ci gaban kididdiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NFE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Francis Owusu-Mensah |date=2008 |title=Ghana non-formal Education |url=http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809063533/http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1997, kashi 64% na mata da kashi 38% na maza ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, tare da yawan karatun duniya na kashi 54%.&lt;ref name=&quot;ODI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=National Functional Literacy Programme (NFLP) |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |archive-date=12 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112200649/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, ilimin mata ya kai kashi 65% kuma yawan ilimin duniya ya karu zuwa kashi 71.5%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Field listing: Literacy&quot;/&gt; Masana kimiyya, duk da haka, sun nuna rashin isasshen ci gaba na karatu da rubutu tsakanin mata da kuma wahalar waɗanda suka kammala karatu don ci gaba da sabbin ƙwarewarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;NFE&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto;&quot;
|+Juyin halitta na yawan karatu da rubutu a tsawon lokaci &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 2013 |title=Adult and youth literacy: National, regional and global trends, 1985–2015 |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002174/217409e.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UIS |page=51 (Table 6)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ilimi na manya (15+) 
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ilimin matasa (15-24) 
|-
|{{Abbr|Av|Average}}
|{{Abbr|M|Male}}
|{{Abbr|F|Female}}
|{{Abbr|Av|Average}}
|{{Abbr|M|Male}}
|{{Abbr|F|Female}}
|-
|2000
|57.9
|66.4
|49.8
|70.7
|75.9
|65.4
|-
|2010
|71.5
|78.3
|65.3
|85.7
|88.3
|83.2
|-
|2015 (bayani) 
|76.3
|81.5
|71.0
|90.6
|91.3
|89.9
|}
Sauran nau'ikan ilimin da ba na yau da kullun ba kuma NFED ke gudanar da su, kamar su &quot;Kwarewar Rayuwa&quot; (shirye-shiryen iyali, tsabta, rigakafin cutar kanjamau) da aka yi niyya ga matasa da matasan iyaye, horar da ƙwarewar sana'a ga manya marasa aikin yi da kuma tarurrukan wayar da kan jama'a (a kan haƙƙin jama'a da ayyuka) da aka tattauna ga manya marasa karatu.

=== Ci gaban ilimin fasaha da sana'a ===
Akwai bangaren ilimi na yau da kullun a Ghana, wanda yawanci ya kunshi cibiyoyin horar da sana'a da fasaha. Wadannan cibiyoyin ba na al'ada ba ne saboda ba sa faruwa a cikin aji; maimakon haka, yawanci suna ɗaukar nau'in koyo, ilmantarwa kai tsaye, aiki, da kulawa daga masu horarwa. Yawancin lokaci babu takardar shaidar hukuma ko sanarwa ko cancanta da aka ba masu horo.

Ci gaban [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]] ana ɗaukarsa fifiko ne daga hukumomin tsakiya don magance talauci da rashin aikin yi.&lt;ref name=&quot;COTVET2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET) |pages=19–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OECD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Ghana country profile |url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/emea/40577770.pdf |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=OECD |pages=341–342}}&lt;/ref&gt;

TVET a Ghana tana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa: ƙarancin ƙarewa (a cikin 2011, 1.6% na yawan jama'a sun sami digiri na TVET yayin da 11% na yawan jamaʼa suka bi shirin TVET),  masu koyarwa marasa horo da rashin ababen more rayuwa.  Masana'antu na Ghana suna sukar rashin ƙwarewar masu digiri na yau da kullun, da kuma rashin ƙwarewa na asali (karanta da rubutu) na masu koyo na yau da kullum. A cikin shekara ta 2008, OECD ta zargi rashin daidaituwa na tsarin cancanta da yawaita takaddun shaida na TVET marasa amfani. Majalisar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa (COTVET) ta lura cewa ɗaliban TVET na al'ada da waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu suna gwagwarmaya don neman aiki, sannan kuma dole ne su magance matsalar samun kudin shiga ko ƙananan albashi. TVET, sabili da haka, yana fama da mummunar suna tsakanin ɗalibai, iyaye da ma'aikata.  

A shekara ta 2005, an aiwatar da tsarin karamin bashi don tallafawa matasa marasa aikin yi (shirin STEP). &lt;ref name=&quot;OECD&quot;/&gt; A shekara ta 2006, an kirkiro COTVET kuma an ba shi aikin daidaita manufofin TVET a Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot;/&gt; Majalisar ta gabatar da Asusun Matasa na Kasa a cikin shekara ta 2006, kuma ta ba da shawarar tsarin cancantar TVET a cikin shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;COTVET2&quot;/&gt; Har ila yau, yana ƙoƙari ya tsara bangaren da ba na al'ada ba ta hanyar Shirin Koyon Kasa (NAP)  da kuma ƙarfafa jagora da ba da shawara a matakin ilimi na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNEVOC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Skills advocate: Quarterly COTVET newsletter |url=http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809024837/http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=9 September 2015 |publisher=COTVET}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tasirin yana da wuyar tantancewa: &lt;ref name=&quot;COTVET2&quot;/&gt; 90% na horo ba bisa ka'ida ba ne [1] kuma duka bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu suna da rarraba sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;OECD&quot;/&gt;{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kanta ta yarda da rashin iyawarta na samar da ra'ayi na kididdiga game da bangaren TVET a Ghana.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}

=== Daidaitawa a samun damar zuwa makarantar sakandare ===
Tare da hauhawar shiga cikin makarantun sakandare, gasa don shiga cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma ta karu. A shekara ta 2001, Jami'ar Ghana ta yarda da kashi 96% na aikace-aikacen da ta karɓa, yayin da a shekara ta 2011 yawan karɓa ya faɗi zuwa 52%. Wannan karuwar zaɓe yana nuna rashin daidaito a Ghana game da ilimi, kamar yadda mata  da 'yan karkara na Ghana  ba su da wakilci a cikin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma wani abu ne na warewa, kamar yadda karatu a matakin mafi girma yana da tsada - jami'o'in jama'a yawanci ba su da kyauta, amma suna caji don wasu ayyuka ciki har da rajista, samun damar fasaha, gwaje-gwaje, amfani da wuraren ilimi, da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Wadannan cajin na iya haifar da halayen tantance kai kamar wasu dalibai da ke zabar Kwalejin Horar da Malamai (inda dalibai za su iya karɓar tallafi) maimakon yin rajista a jami'o'i.

An kirkiro manufofi don ƙoƙarin iyakance waɗannan rashin daidaito. Wasu jami'o'i sun saukar da mafi ƙarancin shigarsu ko ƙirƙirar tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai daga &quot;ƙananan makarantun sakandare&quot;.   An kirkiro &quot;Yankin Ilimi na Mata&quot; a cikin Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana don rage bambancin jinsi. Rukunin yana ƙoƙari ya magance matsalar a tushen sa, yana mai da hankali kan ilimin asali don kauce wa manyan 'yan mata da suka bar makaranta daga JHS zuwa SHS. An sami ci gaba; tsakanin 1999 da 2005, yawan 'yan mata a makarantar sakandare ya karu daga 25% zuwa 32%. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wakilci mata sosai ba, saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da yanayin makarantu masu ƙiyayya, fifiko da aka ba wa 'ya'ya maza a cikin iyalai matalauta, ci gaba da matsayin jinsi (&quot;mace tana cikin gida&quot;), auren da aka shirya da wuri, ciki na matasa, da sauransu.

Daliban Ghana na ilimi mafi girma galibi maza ne da masu arziki:

A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na 2020, Sakatariyar Bincike ta Ghana ta kaddamar da aikace-aikacen tallafin karatu na kan layi da tsarin gudanarwa don taimakawa wajen kawar da rashin jin daɗi da masu neman tallafin karatu ke fuskanta wajen neman tallafin gwamnati a ilimi. An kuma tsara wannan tsarin don taimakawa Sakatariyar yadda ya kamata kuma ta hanyar samar da tallafin karatu ga masu neman. Masu nema za su iya neman tallafin karatu kuma suyi gwajin iyawa a kan layi kuma a yi musu tambayoyi a gundumominsu ba tare da tafiya zuwa [[Accra]] ba, kamar yadda aka buƙaci a baya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AGH-20200502&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=16 April 2020 |title=Apply For Scholarship In Ghana And Abroad Using Government's Online Application Process |url=https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=21 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421071320/https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ICT a cikin ilimi ===
[[Fayil:Wikimedia_Outreach_in_Ghana_6.jpeg|thumb|Daliban [[Jami'ar Ghana]] sun shiga cikin yaduwar Wikipedia]]
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kulawar gwamnati ta sauya zuwa amfani da fasahar kwamfuta a koyarwa da ilmantarwa. Matsayin ICT (Fasahar sadarwa Bayanai) a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana yana buƙatar amfani da ICT don koyarwa da koyo a duk matakan tsarin ilimi. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi ƙoƙari don tallafawa cibiyoyin koyar da ilimin ICT. Yawancin makarantun sakandare da wasu makarantun firamare suna da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta. Duk da sha'awar tarayya a cikin ICT, samun damar kwamfuta yana da iyaka sosai kuma ma'aikatan suna ɗaukar na'urorin lantarki don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace su ba.

Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da haɗin koyarwa na ICTs daga 2009 zuwa 2011 a cikin makarantu 10 na Ghana ya nuna cewa akwai rata tsakanin umarnin manufofi da ainihin ayyuka a makarantu. Ana mai da hankali ga tsarin karatun hukuma akan ci gaban ƙwarewar ɗalibai a cikin kayan aikin ICT, amma ba lallai ba ne ta amfani da fasaha a matsayin hanyar ilmantarwa ban da amfani da na'urorin. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa Ma'aikatar Ilimi a halin yanzu tana ƙoƙarin tura isasshen albarkatun ICT don haɓaka ilimin ICT da ake buƙata don ƙwarewar kwamfuta don a haɗa su cikin koyarwa / ilmantarwa.

== Manazarta ==
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'''Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya (Fasaha), Gombe''' an fi saninta da '''Kwalejin Malamai ta Fasaha ta Kasa'''. Cibiyar ilimi ce ta [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya]] da ke [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Dokar kwalejin tun lokacin da aka kafa ta tana samar da malamai na fasaha, sana'a da kimiyya don makarantun firamare da sakandare a kasar. Tana mai alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] da Jami'an [[:en:University_of_Maiduguri|Maiduguri]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Yaya |first=Haruna Gimba |date=2021-12-02 |title=FCE Gombe graduates 20,000 NCE holders in 30 years – Provost |url=https://dailytrust.com/fce-gombe-graduates-20000-nce-holders-in-30-years-provost/ |access-date=2022-12-23 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;don shirye-shiryen digiri. Mai kula da shi shine Dr. Ali Adamu (Boderi).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-05-28 |title=We're giving serious attention to security ― Provost, Federal College of Education |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/were-giving-serious-attention-to-security-―-provost-federal-college-of-education/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Babagana |first=Abdu |date=2018-02-03 |title=Federal govt approves appointment of new acting Provost of FCE Gombe |url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/federal-govt-approves-appointment-acting-provost-fce-gombe-71306 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=TODAY |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Webmaster |date=2018-06-15 |title=FCE Gombe gets new Provost |url=https://dailytrust.com/fce-gombe-gets-new-provost/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Schools in Nigeria {{!}} Study in Nigeria {{!}} School guide Nigeria |url=https://www.studyinnigeria.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202062348/https://studyinnigeria.com/ |archive-date=2023-12-02 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.studyinnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:College_library_of_Federal_College_of_Education_Technical_Gombe.jpg|alt=College library|thumb|Babban ɗakin karatu]]
An kafa ɗakin karatu na kwaleji a cikin shekarar 1977 tare da tarin littattafai 500. Ya fara ne a wani shafin na wucin gadi a tsohuwar Gombe Crafts School, a karkashin jagorancin Babban Jami'in, kuma ya fara motsawa zuwa shafinsa na dindindin a 1989 kuma a ƙarshe ya koma shafin dindindin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Schools in Nigeria {{!}} Study in Nigeria {{!}} School guide Nigeria |url=https://www.studyinnigeria.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202062348/https://studyinnigeria.com/ |archive-date=2023-12-02 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.studyinnigeria.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mission &amp; Vision – Official website of Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe |url=http://fcetgombe.edu.ng/home/mission-vision/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811202731/http://fcetgombe.edu.ng/home/mission-vision/ |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu, ɗakin karatu na Kwalejin ya ƙunshi babban ɗakin karatu da ɗakin karatu mai kama da juna. Babban burin ɗakin karatu shine inganta koyarwa da ilmantarwa ta hanyar haɓaka da shirya albarkatun bayanai da ke akwai a can.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=library {{!}} Search Results {{!}} Federal College of Education (Technical)Federal College of Education (Technical) |url=http://www.jbtkcs.com/FCETG/?s=library&amp;submit= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212095403/http://www.jbtkcs.com/FCETG/?s=library&amp;submit= |archive-date=2022-12-12 |access-date=2022-12-12 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu ɗakin karatu yana da littattafai sama da dubu 40 da ƙarfin ma'aikata 45 waɗanda ke kula da ɗakin karatu. Mai kula da ɗakin karatu na kwaleji na yanzu shine Yusuf Shehu Aliyu . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Tsarin ɗakin karatu ==
Laburaren kwalejin yana da sassa huɗu don ingantaccen sabis na bayanai ga ɗaliban kwalejin, masu bincike, da malamai waɗanda sune:

* Sashe na Gudanarwa: wannan shine sashen ɗakin karatu na kwaleji wanda ke jagorantar dukkan ɗakunan karatu ta hanyar kula da al'amuran su da bayar da rahoto ga provost. Ofishin yana da alhakin tsarawa, sarrafawa, jagorantar, saka idanu da kuma kula da duk ayyukan tsarin ɗakin karatu.
* Sashe na Ayyukan Fasaha: wannan shine ci gaban tattarawa da sarrafa albarkatun bayanai kamar saye, tsarawa, rarrabawa da ayyukan Reprographic / Bindery don shirya ga masu amfani a cikin ɗakin karatu.
* Sashe na Sabis na Mai karatu: a cikin wannan sashe masu amfani kamar ɗalibai da ma'aikata suna amfani da albarkatun bayanai kamar tuntuɓar littattafai, aro da dawo da littattafai, takardun ayyukan ɗalibai da ayyukan ajiya ana kuma bayar da su ta wannan sashe.
* Sashe na ɗakin karatu na kama-da-wane: wannan ɓangaren yana ƙunshe da albarkatun bayanai na kan layi da na waje. Ana samun bayanan kan layi da na kan layi a cikin sashin, tunda duk ayyukan bayanai suna sarrafa kansu don adana lokacin masu amfani tare da sauƙin samun dama. Ana amfani da kayan aikin kwamfuta don jarrabawar lantarki, bita, ana buɗe ɗakin karatu na kwaleji kowace Litinin zuwa Jumma'a daga 8:00am zuwa 6:00pm, Asabar 8:00am da 12:00 Noon yayin hutu kowace Litinin har zuwa Jummaʼa daga 8:000am zuwa 4:00pm. [[File:E-library_FCE_T_Gombe.jpg|thumb|255x255px|FCE (T) Gombe E-Library, Masu Amfani a Taron]]

== Tarihi ==
An kafa kwalejin a shekarar 1977. Da farko, an san ta da suna Kwalejin Ƙasa ta Malaman Fasaha (National Technical Teachers College), amma daga baya aka sauya sunanta zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya (Fasaha), Gombe..&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mission &amp; Vision – Official website of Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe |url=http://fcetgombe.edu.ng/home/mission-vision/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811202731/http://fcetgombe.edu.ng/home/mission-vision/ |archive-date=2021-08-11 |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-08-04 |title=TETFUND spent N3.3bn on 762 beneficiaries in Gombe -Official |url=https://punchng.com/tetfund-spent-n3-3bn-on-762-beneficiaries-in-gombe-official/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 June 2018 |title=FCE Gombe gets new Provost |url=https://dailytrust.com/fce-gombe-gets-new-provost |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makarantu ==

* Makarantar Ilimi
* Makarantar Ilimi ta Kasuwanci
* Makarantar Ilimi ta Kwarewa
* Makarantar Ilimi ta Kimiyya
* Makarantar Ilimi ta Fasaha
* Makarantar Firamare da Ilimin Kula da Yara
* Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jama'a Ilimi na Sakandare
* Makarantar Harsuna Ilimi ta Sakandare
* Makarantar Nazarin Gabaɗaya Ilimi na Sakandare

== Darussan ==
Cibiyar tana ba da darussan da suka biyo baya; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Federal College of Education, Gombe fcegombe{{!}} School Fees, Courses &amp; Admission info |url=https://universitycompass.com/africa/Nigeria/colleges/Federal-College-of-Education-Gombe.php |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=universitycompass.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Tattalin Arziki na Gida
* Nazarin Ilimi na Firamare
* [[Lissafi]]
* Kimiyyar Haɗin Kai
* Ilimi na Fasaha
* Ilimin aikin katako
* Ilimin Fasahar Motoci
* [[Karantarwa|Ilimi]] Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona
* [[Biology|Ilimin halittu]]
* Ilimin Kwamfuta
* [[Kimiyya|Sanyen sunadarai]]
* [[Biology|Ilimin halittu]]
* [[Kimiyya|Sanyen sunadarai]]
* Ilimi na Kasuwanci

== Kasancewa ==
Cibiyar tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] don bayar da shirye-shiryen da ke kaiwa ga Bachelor of Education, (B.Ed.) a; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

* Ilimi da Fisika
* Ayyukan katako / Ilimi
* Ilimi da ilmin sunadarai
* Ilimi na Kasuwanci
* Ilimi da Ilimin Halitta
* Ilimi da Lissafi
* Kimiyya da Ilimi
* Ilimi da Kimiyya
* Tattalin Arziki da Ilimi

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Ilimi a Maroko</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Al_Akhawayn_Campus.jpg|Al_Akhawayn_Campus.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Al Akhawayn Campus.jpg|]].</comment>
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'''Tsarin ilimi a Maroko''' Ya ƙunshi matakan makarantar sakandare, firamare, sakandare da sakandare. [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Sudan|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]] ta Kasa ce ke kula da ilimin makaranta, tare da sauyawa mai yawa ga matakin yanki. Ilimi mafi girma ya fada karkashin Ma'aikatar Ilimi mafi Girma da Horar da Zartarwa.

Shigar da makaranta wajibi ne har zuwa shekara 13. Kimanin kashi 56% na matasa sun yi rajista a makarantar sakandare, kuma kashi 11% suna cikin ilimi mafi girma. [[Gwamnati]] ta kaddamar da sake dubawa da yawa don inganta inganci da samun damar ilimi, kuma musamman don magance matsalar ci gaba da jahilci. An sami tallafi daga kungiyoyi da yawa na kasa da kasa kamar USAID, [[UNICEF]] da [[Bankin Duniya]]. Wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan bayan da aka kafa sabuwar gwamnati a shekarar 2017 ya sanya Larabci da Faransanci a Makarantar Jama'a.

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:مدرسة_العطارين_2.jpg|thumb|Wani daki-daki na maɓuɓɓugar a cikin tsakiya na Madrasat Al-Attarine (Makarantar Kasuwancin Abincin) a Fes, wani [[Makarantar Islamiyya|''medersa'']] da aka kammala a cikin 1325 a ƙarƙashin Marinids.]]

=== Musulunci ===
A cikin shekara ta 859, [[Fatima al-Fihriya|Fatima al-Fihri]] ta kafa [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Masallacin Al-Qarawiyiin]] a [[Fas|Fes]], kuma wasu cibiyoyin kamar [[UNESCO]] da Guinness World Records suna ɗaukar madrasa da ke da alaƙa da ita a matsayin mafi tsufa da ke akwai, ci gaba da aiki a matsayin cibiyar ilimi mafi girma a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/3000/oldest-university Oldest University]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Medina of Fez |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170 |access-date=7 April 2016 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihin Maroko {{Interlanguage link|Mohamed Jabroun|ar|امحمد جبرون}}  ya rubuta cewa an fara gina makarantu a Maroko a ƙarƙashin Almohad Caliphate (1121-1269). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=تاريخ المغرب الأقصى، من الفتح الإسلامي إلى الاحتلال |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/68320634 |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=www.goodreads.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru da yawa, ilimin jama'a a Maroko ya faru ne da farko a -&quot; data-linkid=&quot;41&quot; href=&quot;''.''/Madrasa&quot; id=&quot;mwMQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Madrasa&quot;&gt;Madrasas da ''kuttabs'' (كُتَّاب) - ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiransu a Maroko, msids (مسيد). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Damis |first=J. |date=1975 |title=The origins and signifiance of the free school movement in Morocco, 1919-1931 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1975_num_19_1_1314 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=75–99 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1975.1314}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilimi a MSD ya kasance Musulunci kuma an ba da shi a Larabci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Baya ga koyar da fassarar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] ([[Tafsiri|''tafseer'']]) da shari'ar Islama (''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]''), makarantun Islama galibi suna koyar da batutuwa iri-iri, gami da adabi, kimiyya da tarihi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IBN YUSUF MADRASA in Marrakesh, Morocco |url=http://www.ne.jp/asahi/arc/ind/2_meisaku/11_marrakesh/mar_eng.htm |access-date=2018-12-12 |website=www.ne.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marinids sun kafa wasu daga cikin wadannan makarantu,  ciki har da wadanda ke Fes, Meknes, da Salé, yayin da Saadi suka fadada Ben Youssef Madrasa a Marrakesh.

=== Yahudawa ===
Bayan korar ''mellah'' na Tetuan a cikin Yakin Hispano-Moroccan, Alliance Israélite Universelle, ƙungiyar Faransa da ke aiki don karfafa Yahudawa a duniya ta hanyar ilimin Faransanci, ta kafa makarantar ta farko a Tetuan cikin 1862, sannan makarantu a [[Tanja|Tangier]] (1864), Essaouira (1866), da Asfi (1867), daga ƙarshe ta kai jimlar makarantu 83 - fiye da duk makarantun AIU a sauran duniya  .&lt;ref&gt;Emily Gottreich, ''The ''Mellah'' of Marrakesh: Jewish and Muslim Space in Morocco's Red City'', Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007, 9&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin Faransanci Protectorate, makarantun 'yan mata na Yahudawa suna koyar da karatu da rubutu, da kuma horar da sana'a ta hanyar ƙwarewa kamar gyaran tufafi da wanki, kuma daga baya karatu, rubutu, da taƙaitawa. A cikin 1913, hukumomin Faransa sun sake maimaita wannan tsarin ga 'yan mata Musulmi a Salé kuma daga baya wasu biranen.

=== Tsaro na Faransa ===
Bayan Yarjejeniyar Fes ta 1912 da kuma kafa Faransanci Protectorate, Faransa ta kafa makarantun jama'a inda aka ba da ilimi a Faransanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Jami'an kariya sun yi jinkiri game da ilimi ga jama'a gaba ɗaya, suna tsoron cewa jama'a masu ilimi za su zama tushen adawa da mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Mazaunin Janar Hubert Lyautey na tsara tsarin ilimi a ƙarƙashin Tsaron Faransa, kuma samun damar samun ilimi na zamani ya dogara da kabilanci da aji na dalibi, tare da damar ilimi daban-daban ga Turawa, Yahudawa, da Musulmai.  Kashi ɗaya ne kawai na yaran da ke halartar makaranta Musulmai ne, kuma daga cikin waɗannan, mafi yawansu sun halarci makarantun Kur'ani na gargajiya, ko msids, waɗanda suka wuce ikon Protectorate''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'' Yawancin ɗaliban Musulmai da ke karatu a cikin tsarin ilimi na Protectorate sun sami ilimin sana'a don yin aiki a cikin sana'o'i daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

An kafa makarantu biyar don &quot;ya'yan sanannun mutane&quot; bayan 1916 don yara maza daga manyan iyalai na Maroko. Har ila yau akwai {{Lang|fr|[[collège]]s}} biyu da aka kafa a Fes (1914) da Rabat (1916). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Wadannan makarantun shiga, wanda [[Susan Gilson Miller]] ta kwatanta da Kwalejin Eton, sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar hangen nesa na Lyautey don aji na al'adun Maroko &quot;maza&quot; - wanda ke cike da manufofi na gargajiya amma yana da inganci wajen kewaya tsarin mulkin zamani - don cika matsayi a cikin gwamnatin ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 1920, Lyautey ya kafa Institut des Hautes Études Marocaines, wanda ke cikin Bibliothèque Générale kusa da hedkwatar mulkin mallaka a Rabat, don masu gudanar da mulkin mallaka waɗanda ke son ƙarin koyo game da tarihin Maroko da al'umma.

Bayan 1920, {{Lang|fr|instituteurs}} na Faransanci, waɗanda aka shirya su sosai a cikin [[Abzinanci|Yaren Amazigh]] kuma an horar da su a matsayin malamai da masu tattara bayanan sirri, an sanya su a makarantu a yankunan karkara don masu magana da yarukan Amazigh. Collège d'Azrou, ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan makarantun da aka haɓaka zuwa {{Lang|fr|collège}}, yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aiki don aiwatar da Berber Dhahīr &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &quot;taimaka wajen samar da ƙwararrun [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]] waɗanda za su taimaka wa Faransa ta aiwatar da manufofin rarrabuwa da mulki. &quot;  Ya horar da ɗaliban Amazigh don matsayi mai girma a cikin mulkin mallaka, da kuma ya kafa &quot;ƙwararrun Berber da ke cikin al'adun Faransanci, a cikin yanayin da aka ware tasirin Larabci sosai ga ƙawancensa na jama'a&quot;.

Rashin isasshen ilimin gargajiya a ''Msid'' ya zama bayyananne, kuma 'yan ƙasar Morocco masu zaman kansu, musamman na rukunin' yan kasuwa, sun fara samun abin da daga baya za a san shi da &quot;makarantu kyauta&quot; - tare da tsarin karatun zamani da koyarwa a [[Larabci]] - ba tare da juna ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ingancin koyarwa a waɗannan makarantun kyauta ya bambanta sosai, daga &quot;fqîhs marasa wahayi, da wuya a cire su daga msîds&quot; zuwa &quot;mafi kyawun ƙasar da kuma tunanin '[[Ulama'u|''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'ulama'']]&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; matasan malamai a Fes suna karbar darussan a [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Jami'ar al-Qarawiyyin]], kuma da yawa za su ci gaba da jagorantar Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Maroko.

=== 'Yancin kai ===
A cikin shekaru 44 na Tsaron Faransa, jimlar Maroko 1415 ne kawai suka sami difloma na baccalaureate, 640 daga cikinsu Musulmai ne kuma 775 daga cikinsu Yahudawa ne. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin Protectorate, kawai 15% na yara masu zuwa makaranta suna makaranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ya zama dole a bunkasa tsarin ilimi da cibiyar sadarwa ta jami'a daga iyakantaccen albarkatun da Faransanci suka bari don fuskantar ƙalubalen da ke jiran sabuwar ƙasa mai zaman kanta, kamar &quot;halicci da karfafa cibiyoyin jihar, gina tattalin arzikin ƙasa, shirya jama'a da jam'iyyun siyasa masu tasowa,  kafa kariya ta zamantakewa ga yawan masu bukata. &quot;[and]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Arabisation ya zama dole. {{Interlanguage link|Ahmed Boukmakh|ar|أحمد بوكماخ}}  ya buga {{Interlanguage link|Iqra'|ar|سلسلة كتب اقرأ}}  (اِقْرَأ, &quot;''Karanta''&quot;), jerin litattafan Larabci na farko a Maroko, a cikin 1956, 1957, da 1958. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yabiladi.com |title=Ahmed Boukmakh, the teacher behind Morocco's first Arabic-language textbooks |url=https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/68706/ahmed-boukmakh-teacher-behind-morocco-s.html |access-date=2020-08-19 |website=en.yabiladi.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=أحمد بوكماخ .. من المسرح والسياسة إلى تأليف سلسلة &quot;اقرأ&quot; |url=https://www.hespress.com/portraits/86476.html |access-date=2020-08-19 |website=Hespress |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1957, {{Interlanguage link|Muhammad al-Fasi|ar|محمد الفاسي}}  ya yi ƙoƙari ya zama na farko, amma wannan ƙoƙari bai yi nasara ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alalou |first=Ali |date=2006 |title=Language and Ideology in the Maghreb: Francophonie and Other Languages |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25480661 |journal=The French Review |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=408–421 |issn=0016-111X |jstor=25480661}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin da Bincike kan Arabization a cikin 1960 kuma an gudanar da Taron farko na Arabization ne a Rabat a cikin 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

[[Cultural Agreement of 1957|Yarjejeniyar Al'adu ta 1957]], da gwamnatocin Maroko da Faransa suka sanya hannu, ta ba da izinin ci gaba da ilimin Faransanci a Maroko wanda wata kungiya da aka sani da Mission universitaire et culturelle française au Maroc (wanda AEFE ta maye gurbinsa a 1990). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mission universitaire et culturelle française au Maroc |url=https://data.bnf.fr/fr/12907431/mission_universitaire_et_culturelle_francaise_au_maroc/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=data.bnf.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Castagnos |first=Jean-Claude |date=1973 |title=Aspects socio-économiques de la coopération culturelle française au Maroc |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfp_0556-7807_1973_num_22_1_1825 |journal=Revue française de pédagogie |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=36–41 |doi=10.3406/rfp.1973.1825}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1958, magajin Muhammad al-Fasi, {{Interlanguage link|Abdelkarim Ben Jelloun|ar|عبد الكريم ابن جلون التويمي}} , ya kafa tsari don sake fasalin ilimi a cikin manufofi huɗu:

# haɗa tsarin gargajiya da na zamani
# Arabiya duk batutuwa
# kaɗaita karatu da rubutu
# Moroccanize, watau horar da 'yan ƙasa don maye gurbin malamai na ƙasashen waje &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 1963 ne aka tilasta ilimi ga duk yaran Maroko tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 13  kuma a wannan lokacin duk batutuwa sun zama Arabiya a cikin aji na farko da na biyu, yayin da aka kiyaye [[Faransanci]] a matsayin harshen koyar da [[lissafi]] da kimiyya a duka matakan firamare da sakandare.

A shekara ta 1965, da ke neman 'yancin samun ilimi mafi girma ga Maroko, Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Maroko ta Kasa (الاتحاد الوطني لطلبة ناورب, {{Lang|fr|UNEM}}) ta shirya tafiya daga [[Muhammad V Secondary School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Muhammad V]] a Casablanca, wanda ya koma rana mai zuwa cikin rikice-Rikicin Maroko na 1965. &lt;ref name=&quot;Miller2013&quot;&gt;Miller, ''A History of Modern Morocco'' (2013), pp. 162–[https://books.google.com/books?id=peGyku_eREkC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA168 168]–169.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki Hassan II ya zargi malamai da iyaye da abubuwan da suka faru, kuma ya bayyana cewa: &quot;Bari in gaya muku cewa babu wata babbar haɗari ga Jiha fiye da mai hankali, kuma kai masu ilimi ne. Da ya fi kyau idan duk kun jahilci.&quot;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=لماذا كان الحسن الثاني لا يحب المثقفين؟ |url=https://www.maghress.com/alittihad/175791 |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=مغرس |language=ar |quote=أقول لكم انه لا خطر على أي دولة من الشبيه بالمثقف ، وأنتم أشباه المثقفين ..وليتكم كنتمْ جُهّالا }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan haka, an tsananta wa malamai. &lt;ref&gt;Susan Ossman, ''Picturing Casablanca: Portraits of Power in a Modern City''; University of California Press, 1994; p. [[iarchive:picturingcasabla0000ossm/page/n48|37]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=مقالات . .انتفاضة 23 مارس 1965 |url=https://www.maghress.com/alittihad/87701 |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=مغرس }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A karkashin Hassan II, an rushe Cibiyar Ilimin Jama'a (معهد السولوجيا) da Abdelkebir Khatibi ke gudanarwa a shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=هكذا قضى الحسن الثاني على الفلسفة |url=https://ar.telquel.ma/%d9%87%d9%83%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a9/?fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=تيل كيل عربي |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1973, an sanya ilimin ɗan adam a jami'o'in da gwamnati ke sarrafawa, inda shugaban Istiqlal Allal al-Fassi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa,  kuma an canza tsarin karatun sosai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=تاريخ.. عندما وجه علال الفاسي نداءا من أجل التعريب عام 1973 |url=https://www.alyaoum24.com/1233672.html?fbrefresh=2 |access-date=2020-04-20 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi amfani da Arabization don murkushe tunani mai mahimmanci, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; yunkuri wanda Dokta [[Susan Gilson Miller]] ya bayyana a matsayin &quot;mummunan yunkuri na inganta yanayin ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin ilimi da kuma rage sha'awar tasirin da ke fitowa daga Turai.  Ministan Ilimi Azzeddine Laraki, bayan rahoton da kwamitin Masarawa hudu suka gudanar ciki har da biyu daga [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Jami'ar al-Azhar]], ya maye gurbin ilimin zamantakewa da tunanin Islama a 1983.

Don biyan buƙatun da ke ƙaruwa don ilimin sakandare a cikin shekarun 1970, Maroko ta shigo da malamai masu magana da Faransanci daga ƙasashe kamar Faransa, [[Romainiya|Romania]], da [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] don koyar da lissafi da kimiyya, da malamain Larabawa don koyar da ilimin ɗan adam da [[Ilimin zamantakewa|Nazarin zamantakewa]].

Wani labarin 1973 a cikin ''Lamalif'' ya bayyana al'ummar Maroko a matsayin masu lalacewa da raguwa, tare da makamashi mara kyau daga masu sanyin gwiwa da jin kunya da ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan ma'auni na ilimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=April 1973 |title=Le dossier de l'arabisation |url=http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/pdf.aspx?IDc=2661 |journal=Lamalif |volume=58 |pages=14 |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2022-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619164656/http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/pdf.aspx?IDc=2661 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1989, an kammala Arabization na dukkan batutuwa a duk maki a cikin ilimin firamare da sakandare na jama'a. Koyaya, Faransanci ya kasance matsakaici na koyarwa don batutuwan kimiyya a makarantun sakandare na fasaha da ƙwararru, cibiyoyin fasaha da jami'o'i.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.worldbank.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=MENA Flagship Report. &quot;The Road Not Traveled: Education Reforms in MENA.&quot; |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21617643~pagePK:146736~piPK:226340~theSitePK:256299,00.html |publisher=World Bank, Washington, DC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gwamnati ta gudanar da sauye-sauye da yawa don inganta damar samun ilimi da rage bambance-bambance na yanki a samar da ilimi. A cikin 1999, Sarki Mohammed VI ya ba da sanarwar Yarjejeniyar Kasa don Ilimi da Horarwa ({{Lang|ar|الميثاق الوطني للتربية و التكوين}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الميثاق الوطني للتربية و التكوين |url=https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/Pages/charteEF.aspx |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.men.gov.ma |archive-date=2023-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613213301/https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/Pages/charteEF.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Charte Nationale d'Education et de Formation |url=https://www.men.gov.ma/Fr/Pages/CNEF.aspx |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.men.gov.ma |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809090855/https://www.men.gov.ma/Fr/Pages/CNEF.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan shekarar, an kafa kwamitin ilimi tare da burin sake fasalin tsarin ilimi a Maroko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=تقديم حول هيكلة الوزارة |url=https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/Pages/intro_attribution.aspx |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.men.gov.ma |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133420/https://www.men.gov.ma/Ar/Pages/intro_attribution.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2002, dokar lamba 2.02.382 ta kafa [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kasa (Morocco)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kasa, Ilimi na Farko, da Wasanni]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;

Sarki ya sanar da lokacin tsakanin 1999 da 2009 a matsayin &quot;Shekaru goma na Ilimi&quot;. A wannan lokacin shirin sake fasalin gwamnati ya mayar da hankali kan manyan jigogi biyar don sauƙaƙe rawar da ilimi ke takawa a ci gaban tattalin arziki; mahimman jigogi sune ilimi, shugabanci, ci gaban kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, e-commerce da samun dama. [[Bankin Duniya]] da sauran hukumomin da suka hada kai sun taimaka wa Morocco don inganta tsarin ilimi na asali.

A karkashin Said Amzazi, Morocco ta zartar da [[Framework-law 51.17|tsarin-doka 51.17]] lokacin rani na 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Enseignement : La loi-cadre adoptée à la chambre des représentants |url=https://telquel.ma/2019/07/23/enseignement-la-loi-cadre-adoptee-a-la-chambre-des-representants_1646177?fbrefresh=3 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Makarantu na Faransa ===
Har zuwa yau, makarantun Faransanci - waɗanda ake kira &quot;la mission&quot;, ko suna da alaƙa da Mission Laïque Française ko a'a - har yanzu suna da babban kasancewar a Maroko. A cikin waɗannan makarantu, Faransanci shine harshen koyarwa, kuma ana koyar da Larabci ne kawai a matsayin yare na biyu idan har yanzu.

Makarantu suna da takardar shaidar Hukumar Ilimi ta Faransa a kasashen waje, kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Faransa ce ke gudanar da su, kuma ɗaliban ɗalibai galibi sun haɗa da yara na ƙwararrun Maroko da masu arziki. Wadannan makarantu, irin su Lycée Lyautey a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], galibi suna cikin manyan birane kamar Casablanca.

Faransa ita ce wuri na farko ga ɗaliban Maroko da ke barin ƙasar don yin karatu a ƙasashen waje, suna karɓar kashi 57.7% na duk Maroko da suke karatu a waje da Maroko. Daliban Maroko kuma suna wakiltar babbar ƙungiyar ɗaliban ƙasashen waje a Faransa, a 11.7% na dukan ɗaliban ƙasa da ƙasa a jami'o'i a Faransa, bisa ga binciken [[UNESCO]] na 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Campus France Chiffres Cles August 2018 |url=https://www.maroc.campusfrance.org/system/files/medias/documents/2018-08/chiffres_cles_fr%2008%202018.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917034422/https://www.maroc.campusfrance.org/system/files/medias/documents/2018-08/chiffres_cles_fr%2008%202018.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-17 |access-date=2020-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin tsarin ilimi ==
Tsarin ilimi a Maroko ya ƙunshi matakan makarantar sakandare, firamare, sakandare da sakandare. Kokarin gwamnati na kara yawan ayyukan ilimi ya haifar da karuwar damar shiga dukkan matakan ilimi. Tsarin ilimi na Maroko ya ƙunshi shekaru 6 na firamare, shekaru 3 na makarantar sakandare / matsakaici, shekaru 3 da sakandare, da kuma ilimi na sakandare.

Tsarin ilimi yana ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kasa (MNE) da Ma'aikatu na Ilimi mafi girma da Horar da Zartarwa. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kasa ta rarraba ayyukanta zuwa matakan yanki da aka kirkira a 1999 lokacin da larduna 72 suka shiga cikin sassan gudanarwa na yanki 12. Sa'an nan kuma alhakin samar da ayyukan ilimi yana raguwa a hankali zuwa matakin yanki. Wannan tsari na rarraba zai tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryen ilimi suna amsawa ga bukatun yanki kuma ana gudanar da kasafin kuɗi a cikin gida. Kowace yanki tana da Kwalejin Ilimi da Horarwa ta Yankin da kuma darektan yanki wanda yake babban jami'in lardin a cikin yankin. Kwalejin yanki za su kuma kasance da alhakin bunkasa kashi 30 cikin 100 na tsarin karatun don ya dace da yankin. Matsayi na tsakiya na MNE yana ci gaba da sarrafa sauran kashi 70. Hakanan ana cajin wakilan da samar da sabis don ilimi a yankunansu.

=== Kafin makaranta ===
Dangane da Yarjejeniyar Kasa, ilimin firamare tilas ne kuma yana samuwa ga duk yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 6. Wannan matakin yana buɗewa ga yara masu shekaru 4-6. Akwai nau'ikan makarantun firamare guda biyu a Maroko: makarantar sakandare da makarantun Kur'ani. Makarantar jariri makarantar sakandare ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da ilimi galibi a cikin birane da garuruwa; makarantun Kur'ani suna shirya yara don ilimin firamare ta hanyar taimaka musu wajen bunkasa ilimin karatu da rubutu da ƙwarewar lissafi. Makarantu na Alkur'ani suna da damar zama babban karfi a yaki da jahilci. (timss) tare da kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na dukkan yara da ke halartar wani nau'i na makarantar Alkur'ani don wasu sassan shekarun makaranta. A shekara ta 2007 yawan ɗaliban makarantar firamare a Maroko ya kai kusan kashi 60, tare da GER na maza kashi 69.4 kuma na mata kashi 49.6. GER ga mata yana ƙaruwa tun daga 'yan shekarun da suka gabata kuma ga maza ya kasance kusan kashi 69 cikin dari tun shekara ta 2003.

=== Firamare ===
Ilimi na firamare ya kunshi shekaru 6 ga yara masu shekaru 6-12. Ana buƙatar ɗalibai su wuce Certificat d'etudes firamare don su cancanci shiga makarantun sakandare.

Yawan shiga (GER) a matakin firamare ya ci gaba da karuwa a cikin 2000s. A shekara ta 2007 jimlar GER a matakin firamare ya kasance kashi 107.4, tare da kashi 112 ga maza da kashi 101 ga mata. Amma Gender Parity Index don GER ya kasance 0.89, wanda ya nuna cewa batun rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi ya ci gaba a matakin farko. Yawan maimaitawa a matakin firamare shine kashi 11.8; yawan maimaitawa ga maza a matakin firaminare shine kashi 13.7 kuma ga mata shine kashi 9.7 kuma ƙimar tana raguwa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ga maza da mata. Adadin da aka sauke a matakin firamare a shekara ta 2006 ya kasance kashi 22 cikin dari, kuma ya fi 'yan mata girma fiye da yara maza, a kashi 22 da 21 cikin dari bi da bi. Yawan masu barin ya raguwa tun shekara ta 2003, amma har yanzu yana da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa, kamar [[Aljeriya]], Oman, Masar da [[Tunisiya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldBank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank 2009.Edstats |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/EXTDATASTATISTICS/EXTEDSTATS/0,,contentMDK:21236290~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:3232764,00.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sakandare ===
Akwai shekaru uku na makarantar sakandare. Ana ba da irin wannan ilimi ta hanyar abin da ake kira Collège . Bayan shekaru 9 na ilimi na asali, ɗalibai suna fara makarantar sakandare ta sama kuma suna ɗaukar tsarin karatun shekara guda, wanda ko dai a cikin zane-zane ko kimiyya. Dalibai na shekara ta farko suna ɗaukar zane-zane da kimiyya, lissafi ko ilimi na asali. Dalibai na shekara ta biyu suna ɗaukar kimiyyar [[Earth science|ƙasa]] da rayuwa, kimiyyar lissafi, kimiyyar noma, karatun fasaha ko kuma suna cikin hanyar lissafi ta A ko B.

Adadin shiga (GER) a matakin sakandare a 2007 ya kasance kashi 55.8. Amma a cikin ilimin sakandare maimaitawar aji da ƙimar saukewa musamman sun kasance masu girma. Matsayin daidaito tsakanin jinsi na GER a matakin sakandare ya kasance 0.86 a cikin 2007; ba shi da kyau fiye da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa kuma yana nuna bambancin da ke tsakanin jinsi a cikin rajista a matakin sakandaren.

=== Makarantar sakandare ===
Tushen: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Morocco Academia {{!}} moroccodemia English, Arabic and French |url=http://www.moroccodemia.com/ |access-date=2018-10-02 |website=moroccodemia |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsarin ilimi mafi girma ya ƙunshi cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. Kasar tana da manyan jami'o'i goma sha huɗu na jama'a,  ciki har da Jami'ar Mohammed V a [[Rabat]] da Jami'an Al-Karaouine, &lt;ref&gt;Morocco Country Study Guide - Page 23 IBP USA - 2006 &quot;Morocco is home to 14 public universities. Mohammed V University in Rabat is one of the country's most famous schools, with faculties of law, sciences, liberal arts, and medicine. Karaouine University, in Fes, is a longstanding center ...&lt;/ref&gt; tare da makarantu masu ƙwarewa, kamar su conservatories na kiɗa na Maroko da Ma'aikatar Al'adu ke tallafawa. Jami'ar Karaouine a Fes tana koyarwa tun 859, yana mai da ita tsohuwar jami'a a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki.&lt;ref&gt;The Report: Morocco 2009 - Page 252 Oxford Business Group &quot;...{{Spaces}}yet for many Morocco's cultural, artistic and spiritual capital remains Fez. The best-preserved ... School has been in session at Karaouine University since 859, making it the world's oldest continuously operating university.{{Spaces}}...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, akwai jami'o'i da yawa na ƙasa da na duniya kamar Jami'ar SIST ta Burtaniya waɗanda ke aiki tare da jami'oʼin jama'a don inganta ilimi mafi girma a Maroko. Bugu da kari, akwai jami'o'i masu zaman kansu da yawa. Adadin wadanda suka kammala karatu a matakin sakandare a shekara ta 2007 ya kasance 88,137: yawan masu shiga a matakin sakatare shine kashi 11 cikin dari kuma bai canza sosai ba a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldBank&quot;/&gt; Shigarwa zuwa jami'o'in jama'a yana buƙatar baccalaureate kawai, yayin da shigarwa zuwa wasu manyan ilimin jama'a, kamar Makarantar injiniya, yana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na musamman na gasa da horo na musamman kafin jarrabawa.

Wani filin da ke girma ban da injiniya da magani shine Gudanar da kasuwanci. A cewar Ma'aikatar Ilimi rajista a Gudanar da Kasuwanci ya karu da kashi 3.1 cikin dari a cikin shekara ta 2003-04 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata 2002-2003. Gabaɗaya, digiri na digiri na kasuwanci yana buƙatar shekaru uku da matsakaicin shekaru biyu don digiri na biyu.

Jami'o'i a Maroko sun kuma fara amfani da fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa. Jami'o'i da yawa sun fara samar da darussan injiniyan software da kayan aiki; a kowace shekara bangaren ilimi yana samar da masu digiri 2,000 a fagen fasahar bayanai da sadarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamdy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamdy, Amr |date=June 2007 |title=Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Egypt Country Report. ICT in Education in Morocco |url=http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.418.html |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2020-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331201538/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.418.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cibiyoyin Maroko sun kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyi a Turai da Kanada kuma suna ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na hadin gwiwa a fannoni daban-daban daga sanannun jami'o'i.

Don kara yawan lissafin jama'a, an kimanta jami'o'in Maroko tun daga shekara ta 2000, tare da niyyar yin sakamakonsa ga duk masu ruwa da tsaki, gami da iyaye da dalibai.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.worldbank.org&quot;/&gt;

== Sakamakon a bangaren ilimi ==

=== Cibiyoyin ilimi masu zaman kansu ===
Duk da samun cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da yawa rajista a cibiyoyin ilimi masu zaman kansu har yanzu ba su da yawa, ƙasa da kashi 3.5 cikin dari na yawan jama'ar jami'a. Cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu suma suna fama da ƙarancin ƙwarewa ko ƙarancin ma'aikata. Wannan ya faru ne da farko saboda hana farashin karatun. Tsarin karatun musamman makarantun kasuwanci ya wuce zamani kuma yana buƙatar a sake dubawa bisa ga canje-canjen buƙatun kasuwar ma'aikata. Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kuma ba sa ba da isasshen gudummawa wajen samar da ilimin aiki ga cibiyoyin kwararru na yanayin kasuwanci na yanzu.

=== Samun damar zuwa makaranta ===
Har ila yau, ingancin ciki yana da ƙarancin raguwa da maimaitawa. Har ila yau, akwai buƙatar da ba a biya ba na karuwar buƙatun makarantun tsakiya bayan samun damar samun dama a ilimin firamare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank 2005. &quot;Basic Education Reform Support Program.&quot; Project Appraisal Document. World Bank, Washington, DC |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/01/14/000009486_20050114103334/Rendered/PDF/30721A.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matsalar ta fi tsanani a makarantun karkara saboda rashin isasshen wadata da ingancin kayan koyarwa. Rashin ingancin ilimi ya zama matsala mafi girma saboda matsalolin harshen [[Larabci]]-[[Abzinanci|Berber]]: yawancin yara daga iyalai na Berber ba su san wani Larabci ba, wanda shine matsakaici na koyarwa a makarantu, lokacin da suka shiga matakin firamare.&lt;ref name=&quot;USAIDStregtheningEducation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Strengthening Education in the Muslim World: Country Profile and Analysis (pp18) |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/040401USAIDStrengtheningEducationMuslimWorld.pdf |publisher=USAID |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2024-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324141446/https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/040401USAIDStrengtheningEducationMuslimWorld.pdf |url-status=dead }}
[[Rukuni:Articles with dead external links from August 2019]]
[[Rukuni:Articles with permanently dead external links]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Karatun karatu da rubutu ===
Yankin Maghreb yana da ƙididdigar karatu da rubutu. A Maroko, yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu har yanzu yana da yawa a kusan kashi 74 cikin dari a cikin 2018, godiya ga kokarin da aka yi tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1956 don rage yawan mutanen da ba su iya karatu da rubutawa wanda a wannan lokacin ya kasance kashi 32 cikin dari. Maroko ita ce kasa 16 mafi yawan karatu a cikin kasashen Larabawa.

=== Shige da fice ===
Har ila yau, akwai yawan ƙaura na ƙwararrun ma'aikata, wato, yawan ƙwararrun ƙaura tsakanin masu ilimi yana da yawa. Ta wannan hanyar Maroko tana rasa yawancin ƙwararrun ma'aikatanta ga ƙasashen waje, suna samar da mafi yawan ƙaura tsakanin 'yan Arewacin Afirka a Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.worldbank.org&quot;/&gt;

== Kokarin gyare-gyare ==

=== Karatun karatu da rubutu ===
[[Fayil:UIS_Literacy_Rate_Morocco_population_+15_1980_to_2015.png|thumb|UIS Rashin Ilimi Maroko yawan mutanen da suka kai shekaru 15 1980-2015]]
Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980 gwamnatocin ƙasashen Maghreb suna haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin farar hula don yaki da jahilci. Shirin NGO da aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1988 yana ba da karatu da rubutu ga kashi 54% na duk masu koyo da suka shiga cikin shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu na manya. Shirin Ministoci da Janar kuma suna mai da hankali kan ma'aikatu daban-daban da al'umma don isar da shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu. Shirye-shiryen cikin Kamfanin suna biyan bukatun masu aiki da ke mai da hankali kan ci gaba da horo a cikin kamfani. Maroko da sauran ƙasashen Maghreb yanzu sun himmatu ga kawar da jahilci. Maroko a hukumance ta karɓi dabarun ilimantarwa na ƙasa da na yau da kullun a shekara ta 2004. Wani hadin gwiwa na hangen nesa na karatu da rubutu, ci gaba da rage talauci ya inganta ta hanyar National Initiative for Human Development (INDH), wanda Sarki Mohammed VI ya kaddamar a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;UnitedNations&quot; /&gt;

=== Binciken gwamnati ===
Inganta ingancin sakamako a bangaren ilimi ya zama babban fifiko ga gwamnatin Maroko. An haɓaka cikakken sabuntawa na tsarin ilimi da horo a cikin hanyar shiga a cikin 1998-99, wanda ya haifar da hangen nesa don fadada wannan ɓangaren na dogon lokaci don mayar da martani ga bukatun ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Kingdom of Morocco Policy Notes, Conditions for Higher and Inclusive Growth (pp215), Ch 11. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMOROCCO/Resources/Morocco.Moving.out.of.Poverty.DEF.ENG.pdf |publisher=World Bank, Washington, DC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakamakon shi ne gabatar da Yarjejeniyar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Kasa ta 1999 (CNEF). CNEF, tare da yarjejeniya mai karfi na kasa, ya ayyana 2000-2009 shekaru goma na ilimi da horo, kuma ya kafa ilimi da horo a matsayin fifiko na kasa, na biyu kawai ga amincin yanki. Shirin sake fasalin, kamar yadda CNEF ta tsara, ya kuma sami goyon baya mai ƙarfi daga al'ummar masu ba da gudummawa. Duk da haka, a lokacin aiwatar da shi, shirin sake fasalin ya gamu da jinkiri.

A shekara ta 2005 gwamnatin Maroko ta karɓi dabarun da ke da manufar yin ICT a duk makarantun jama'a don inganta ingancin koyarwa; ababen more rayuwa, horar da malamai da ci gaban abubuwan koyarwa suma suna cikin wannan shirin na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamdy&quot;/&gt; A watan Agustan 2019, gwamnati ta zartar da doka don fara gyare-gyare kan ilimi ciki har da koyar da batutuwan kimiyya a harshen Faransanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-23 |title=Moroccan parliament passes law on education reform |url=http://northafricapost.com/32742-moroccan-parliament-passes-law-on-education-reform.html |access-date=2019-08-14 |website=The North Africa Post |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2021, Maroko sun yi jerin kamfen da yawa don cire [[Faransanci|Harshen Faransanci]] da maye gurbinsa da [[Turanci|Harshen Ingilishi]] a matsayin yare na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CMS |first=ES |title=Is Morocco Ready to Get Rid of French Cultural Colonization? |url=https://www.alestiklal.net/en/view/10543/is-morocco-ready-to-get-rid-of-french-cultural-colonization |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Al-Estiklal Newspaper |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-21 |title=Morocco campaign to adopt English instead of French |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210921-morocco-campaign-to-adopt-english-instead-of-french/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Middle East Monitor |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moroccans want English to replace French as country’s first official foreign language |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/morocco-french-english-call-replace-official-foreign-language |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wanda daga baya aka sanar da cewa ba za a yi canji ba game da [[Faransanci|Harshen Faransanci]].

=== Jikin waje ===
Yawancin masu ba da gudummawa ciki har da USAID da [[UNICEF]] suna aiwatar da shirye-shirye don inganta ingancin ilimi a matakin asali da kuma samar da horo ga malamai. Bankin Duniya kuma yana ba da taimako a cikin inganta ababen more rayuwa ga dukkan matakan ilimi kuma yana ba le horo na ci gaban ƙwarewa da dabarun samar da aiki ga masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban. A buƙatar manyan hukumomin Gwamnati, an tsara shirin gaggawa na Ilimi (EEP) don kama wannan tsarin sake fasalin. EEP, wanda ya kunshi lokacin 2009-12, ya samo asali ne daga darussan da aka koya a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cikin wannan mahallin, Gwamnati ta nemi manyan masu ba da gudummawa guda biyar (Taron Turai (EU), Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB), Agence française de développement (AFD), Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka (AfDB) da Bankin Duniya) don taimakawa aiwatar da ajandar sake fasalin EEP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EEP |url=http://www.men.gov.ma/purgence/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217150213/http://www.men.gov.ma/purgence/ |archive-date=2010-02-17 |access-date=2010-02-25 |publisher=Ministry of National Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Nexus</title>
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'''Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Nexus''' (NIU), tsohuwar '''Jami'ar Virtual ta [[Uganda]]''' (VUU) jami'a ce mai zaman kanta a Uganda . Cibiyar ta sami amincewa kuma tana kula da Majalisar Ilimi ta Kasa ta Uganda (UNCHE). &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNCHE |date=29 September 2020 |title=Accredited programs of the Virtual University of Uganda |url=https://unche.or.ug/webpages/programs.aspx?INTINST=41 |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=[[Uganda National Council for Higher Education]] (UNCHE) |archive-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811191653/https://www.unche.or.ug/webpages/programs.aspx?INTINST=41 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
NIU tana kula da harabarta a 5158 Kayongo Road, a Muyenga, wani yanki a cikin Makindye Division, kimanin 5 kilometres (3 mi) , kudu maso gabashin tsakiyar birnin Kampala, babban birnin Uganda.  Yanayin ƙasa na harabar jami'a shine:00°18'03.0&quot;N, 32°36'23.0&quot;E (Latitude:0.300833; Longitude:32.606389). 

== Tarihi ==
An kafa jami'ar ne a cikin shekara ta 2011. Ita ce cibiyar ilimi mafi girma ta farko a Uganda don koyar da tsarin karatun ta gaba ɗaya a kan layi. Jami'ar ta karbi sunan Virtual University of Uganda (VUU), daga 2011 har zuwa 2019. VUU ta yarda da ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta farko a watan Janairun 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Conversation |date=2018 |title=About Virtual University of Uganda |url=https://theconversation.com/institutions/virtual-university-of-uganda-2964 |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=The Conversation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Darussan ilimi ==
NIU tana ba da darussan ilimi masu zuwa, tun daga watan Janairun 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schools Uganda |date=2015 |title=Academic Programs Offered at Virtual University of Uganda |url=http://schoolsuganda.com/virtual-university-of-uganda |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Schoolsuganda.com |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825174117/http://schoolsuganda.com/virtual-university-of-uganda |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Bachelor na Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa
* Digiri na digiri a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a
* Digiri na digiri a Ci gaban Duniya
* Gudanar da Digiri na Kasuwanci
* ICTs na Digiri na Digiri don Ci gaba
* Jagoran Lafiya na Jama'a
* Jagoran Fasaha a Ci gaban DuniyaCi gaban Kasa da Kasa
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Fasahar Bayanai da Sadarwa don Ci gaba
* Jagoran Gudanar da Kasuwanci
* Babban Jagoran Gudanar da Kasuwanci

A cikin 2020, an gabatar da sabbin darussan, bayan da Jami'ar ta sake sanyawa, sun hada da: 1. MBA a cikin Man Fetur da Gas 2. MBA a cikin Gudanar da Muhalli 3. MBA a cikin Ci gaban Duniya 4. MBA a cikin Yawon Bude Ido da Gudanar da Baƙi da 5. MBA Mata a cikin Kudi.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nexus International University |date=29 September 2020 |title=Nexus International University: Programmes Overview |url=https://niu.ac.ug/study/ |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Nexus International University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darussan Digiri na Postgraduate na watanni 24 da suka gabata. Darussan digiri na biyu sun wuce watanni talatin. Bugu da kari, jami'ar tana ba da fiye da gajerun darussan 70, wanda ke ɗaukar 'yan makonni zuwa' yan watanni. An jera gajerun darussan a shafin yanar gizon jami'a, wanda aka ambata a nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nexus International University |date=29 September 2020 |title=Short Courses Offered at Nexus International University |url=https://niu.ac.ug/short-courses/ |access-date=29 September 2020 |publisher=Nexus International University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105153740/https://niu.ac.ug/short-courses/ |archive-date=5 January 2021 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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    <title>Jami'ar Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta ta Lilongwe</title>
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[[Fayil:LUANAR.jpg|thumb]]
Jami'ar Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa ta [[Lilongwe]] ('''LUANAR''') jami'a ce a wajen Lilongwe, [[Malawi]] . An kafa shi ne a cikin 2011 ta hanyar haɗuwa tsakanin Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Bunda ta Jami'ar Malawi da Kwalejin albarkatun kasa (NRC). [1]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 August 2016 |title=Mutharika snubs University of Malawi graduation: Bunda delink from Unima finalised |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/mutharika-snubs-university-malawi-graduation-bunda-delink-unima-finalised/}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Bunda_college.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Bunda a shekara ta 2004]]
A cikin jawabin da ya yi wa majalisar dokokin Malawi a ranar 24 ga Mayu 2010, Shugaban Jiha na uku na Jamhuriyar Malawi, Mai Girma marigayi Farfesa Bingu wa Mutharika ya ba da ra'ayinsa na kafa jami'o'i shida a Malawi.Wannan an yi shi ne don magance matsalolin iyakancewar damar Jami'ar da kuma kara yawan mutanen da aka horar da su sosai a kasar don hanzarta ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Malawi. Ɗaya daga cikin sabbin jami'o'in da za a kafa shi ne Jami'ar Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa ta Lilongwe (LUANAR) wanda za a kafa ta hanyar canza Kwalejin Aikin Goma ta Bunda a cikin jami'a tare da hadewar Kwalejin albarkatun halitta (NRC).

Saboda haka an halicci LUANAR ta hanyar Dokar Majalisar No. 22 ta 2011 kuma ta fara ayyukanta a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2012, tare da Bunda Campus, a matsayin ma'aikata ta farko har sai an haɗa NRC cikin LUANAR a watan Disamba 2014.

Tana da fannoni biyar: Faculty of Agriculture (wanda aka kafa a 1967), Faculty for Natural Resources (2001), Faculty and Development Studies (2004), Faculty in Food and Human Sciences (2013) da Faculty on Veterinary Medicine (2013). &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bunda.luanar.mw/luanar/all_faculties.php FACULTIES AT LUANAR ] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180213232936/http://www.bunda.luanar.mw/luanar/all_faculties.php Archive]) LUANAR. Retrieved 13 February 2018&lt;/ref&gt; Ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen Ph.D. tare da hadin gwiwar Jami'o'in Yankin don Gina Capacity a Aikin Gona (RUFORUM). &lt;ref name=&quot;kaude&quot;&gt;Pauline Kaude (13 March 2015) [https://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi-launches-lilongwe-university-of-agriculture-and-natural-resources/ Malawi launches Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources] Malawi News Agency/''Nyasa Times''. Retrieved 7 March 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Norad1&quot;&gt;Ramji Nyirenda and Arne Tostensen (2009) [https://www.norad.no/om-bistand/publikasjon/2009/building-capacity-for-development-and-food-security-in-malawi.-mid-term-review-of-the-bunda-college-capacity-building-programme-bcdp-/ Building Capacity for Development and Food Security in Malawi. Mid-Term Review of the Bunda College Capacity Building Programme (BCDP)] ''Norads samlede rapporter''. 18/2009. Retrieved 13 March 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

Bunda Farm, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na Kwalejin Bunda kuma mummunan tattalin arziki ga kwalejin, ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a shekara ta 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;Norad1&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2017, Bunda Farm Ltd. ta fara tashar sabis tare da famfo na man fetur a harabar don samar da kudin shiga ga jami'ar da kuma horar da dalibai a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;atim&quot;&gt;Pauline Atim (13 November 2017) [https://blog.ruforum.org/2017/11/13/visit-to-lilongwe-university-of-agriculture-and-natural-resources-luanar/ Visit to Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813012157/https://blog.ruforum.org/2017/11/13/visit-to-lilongwe-university-of-agriculture-and-natural-resources-luanar/ |date=2018-08-13 }} Ruforum.org. Retrieved 7 March 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nyasatimes.com/bunda-filling-station-fuel-development-luanar/ Bunda Filling Station to fuel development at LUANAR] ''Nyasa Times'', 31 March 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

== Faculty, sassa da cibiyoyin ==
Jami'ar Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa ta Lilongwe tana da fannoni da sassan da suka biyo baya.

=== Kwalejin Aikin Gona ===
An shirya Faculty a cikin sassan shida wato: Sashen Kimiyya na Noma da Kasa, Sashen Injiniyan Noma, Sashen Horticulture, Sashen Kimiya na Dabbobi, Sashen Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Magungunan Dabbobi (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine). Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta asali tana nan don samar da sabis ga wasu sassan a Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Bunda a cikin koyar da kimiyyar asali da na asali. Wadannan sun hada da Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Computer Applications, Microbiology, Biochemistry, da Biometry. Ma'aikatan ma'aikatar suna taimakawa wajen koyar da wasu darussan daga sassan 'yar'uwa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan darussan sune kimiyyar gurɓataccen yanayi, thermodynamics, nazarin jinsi, bugawa na tebur, gudanar da tsarin bayanai da sauran irin waɗannan darussan

==== Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Noma ====
An kafa Sashen Injiniyan Noma a Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Bunda a cikin 1972 kuma tana da aikin koyarwa, gudanar da bincike, da samar da sabis na fadakarwa da ba da shawara a cikin ban ruwa da aikin injiniyan noma. Sashen yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta samar da aikin gona ta hanyar ci gaba da gabatar da fasahar injiniya da ayyuka masu dacewa don samarwa mai ɗorewa, rarrabawa, da sarrafa kayayyakin halittu kamar amfanin gona da dabbobi. Ma'aikatar ta mai da hankali sosai kan bincike kuma ta yi imanin cewa yanayin da aka tsara don bincike yana inganta ingancin koyarwa da tsarin ilmantarwa. Ma'aikatar tana maraba da haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'antu a matsayin hanyar da za ta haɗa koyarwarta da bincike tare da bukatun masana'antu. Manufar Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Aikin Gona ita ce ci gaba, ingantawa da yada ilimin da aikace-aikacen injiniya da ake buƙata don samarwa, rarraba, da aiwatar da samfuran halittu yayin kiyaye albarkatun ƙasa, adana ingancin muhalli, da tabbatar da lafiya da aminci na mutane.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering (Honors) 
* Bachelor of Science in Irrigation Engineering (Honors) 
* Bachelor of Science a cikin Injiniyan muhalli (Honors) 
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Injiniyan Ruwa
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Injiniyan Injiniya
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin sarrafawa da Injiniyan Abinci

==== Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Dabbobi ====
Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Dabbobi tana ɗaya daga cikin Sashen biyar a cikin Ma'auratan Aikin Gona.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a cikin Kimiyya ta Dabbobi
* Diploma a cikin Kimiyya da Fasaha
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Kimiyya ta Dabbobi

==== Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta asali ====
Dukkanin dalibai na shekara ta farko a Bunda Campus suna ɗaukar darussan tushe da sashen Kimiyya na asali ya bayar. Darussan sun hada da Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, Microbiology da Physics.

==== Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Kasa ====

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Jagoran Kimiyya a Agronomy[[Ilimin kimiyyar noma|Ilimin noma]]
* Bachelor of Science a Agronomy[[Ilimin kimiyyar noma|Ilimin noma]]
* Bachelor of Science a [[Noma|Aikin noma]]
* Bachelor of Science a Kimiyya ta ƙasa
* Bachelor of Science in Seed Systems
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Kiwon Shuke-shuke
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Kare Amfanin Gona
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Kimiyya ta ƙasa
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Tsarin Tsire-tsire
* Ph.D a cikin Kimiyya da Kasa ta hanyar Bincike
* Bachelor of Science in Amfani da Kare Amfanin gona (Honors) 

==== Ma'aikatar Horticulture ====
Ma'aikatar Horticulture da farko ta kasance wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatu na Horticulture and Forestry har zuwa 2014 lokacin da aka cire shi kuma ya koma Ma'aunin Aikin Gona. 

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a Biotechnology[[Biotechnology|Fasahar halittu]]
* Bachelor of Science a Horticulture[[Noman Kayan Lambu (Horticulture)|Aikin lambu]]
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Horticulture[[Noman Kayan Lambu (Horticulture)|Aikin lambu]]

=== Kwalejin Nazarin Ci Gaban ===
An kafa Faculty of Development Studies a cikin 2012 a LUANAR . Ma'aikatar tana da sassan biyar wato; Ilimi da Sadarwar Ci Gaban, Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki, fadadawa da Ci gaban Karkara da Gudanar da Kasuwancin noma. Wadannan sune Sashen da ke karkashin Faculty of Development Studies.

==== Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Kasuwancin Noma ====
Jami'ar Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa ta Lilongwe (LUANAR) ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Kasuwanci (ABM) ita ce kawai cibiyar ilimi mafi girma a Malawi da ke ba da horo na dogon lokaci a cikin haɗin gwiwa da nazarin microfinance. Sashen Gudanar da Kasuwancin Noma (ABM) yana ɗaya daga cikin Sashen a cikin Kwalejin Nazarin Ci Gaban Jami'ar Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa ta Lilongwe.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwanci
* Bachelor of Science a cikin Ci gaban Kasuwancin Noma da Microfinance
* Bachelor Arts a cikin Nazarin Kasuwanci na hadin gwiwa
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Gudanar da Kasuwancin Noma

==== Ma'aikatar Sadarwa ta Aikin Gona da Ci Gaban ====
An kafa wannan sashen a cikin 1993 don bayar da darussan Kwarewar Harshe da Sadarwa ga ɗalibai. A halin yanzu, sashen yana ba da darussan ƙwarewar sadarwa ga dukan ɗalibai kuma yana horar da malamai na aikin gona na makarantar sakandare.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a cikin Sadarwar Ci gaban Aikin Gona
* Bachelor of Science a Ilimi
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Ilimin Aikin Gona
* Bachelor of Science a cikin Sabbin Aikin Gona
* Aikin noma Ilimi da Sadarwa

==== Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki ====
Ma'aikatar tana da niyyar ci gaba da inganta ilimi da ƙwarewa a fannin noma da tattalin arziki ta hanyar horo, bincike, shawarwari da kuma fadakarwa tare da manufar taimakawa wajen rage talauci ta hanyar inganta inganci a cikin samar da noma da kara yawan kudaden shiga ga mafi yawan manoma a Malawi. Sashen kuma yana ba da darussan a cikin Shirin MSc na hadin gwiwa a fannin Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a cikin Tattalin Arziki
* Bachelor of Science a cikin Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki
* Jagoran Kimiyya a fannin Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki
* PhD a fannin Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki
* PhD a fannin Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki
* Jagoran Kimiyya a fannin Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki
* Bachelor of Arts a cikin Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki

==== Ma'aikatar fadada ====

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a cikin Aikin Gona
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Ci gaban Karkara da fadada
* PhD a cikin Ci gaban Karkara da faɗaɗa

=== Kwalejin Magungunan Dabbobi ===
An kafa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine a LUANAR a cikin 2013 kuma ta fara shirin ilimantarwa na sana'a a cikin 2014. Ma'aikatar ta kammala karatun likitocin dabbobi 12 na farko a shekarar 2019. Ana gudanar da bincike kan dabbobi a cikin bangaren kuma yana da haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tare da Jami'ar Edinburgh, Valencia, Hokkaido, Cornel, da ILRI. Ma'aikatar ta jaddada bincike kan cututtukan cututtuka, ana gudanar da bincike kan rigakafi da abinci mai gina jiki, cututtuken zuciya, cutututtuka na haihuwa, da cututtukon dabbobin daji na ƙasa da na ruwa. Ayyukan Jama'a. Shirye-shiryen sabis ɗin suna mai da hankali kan ganewar asali, rigakafi, magani, da sarrafawa da rigakafin cututtukan dabbobi. Ma'aikatar tana taimaka wa likitocin dabbobi, masu mallakar dabbobi, da kuma jama'a ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.

==== Ilimin cututtukan dabbobi ====

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor na likitan dabbobiMagungunan dabbobi

==== Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ====

==== Nazarin Asibiti na Dabbobi ====

==== Ilimin cututtukan dabbobi da Lafiyar Jama'a ====

=== Kwalejin Abinci da Kimiyya ta Dan Adam ===
An kafa Faculty of Food and Human Sciences ne bayan kafa Jami'ar Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Halitta ta Lilongwe (LUANAR) ta hanyar Dokar Majalisar No. 22 na 2011. LUANAR ta fito ne daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Bunda, sannan kwalejin Jami'ar Malawi (UNIMA), wanda aka cire shi daga UNIMA a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2012. Faculty of Food and Human Sciences (FFHS) ya samo asali ne daga Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Abinci na Mutum (DHEHN) wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1984. Daga 1984 zuwa 2013, DHEHN ta girma dangane da ma'aikata (4 zuwa 22), shigar dalibai (3 zuwa 331), shirye-shiryen ilimi (0-4), wuraren koyarwa da bincike, albarkatun kuɗi da kayan aiki, shirye-shirye na fadakarwa, wallafe-wallafen, da kuma dacewa da manufofin ci gaban ƙasa, yanki da na duniya. FFHS ta fara aiki a watan Yulin 2013, wanda ya kunshi ofishin dean, sassan Kimiyya da Fasaha na Abinci, Abinci da Lafiya na Dan Adam, da Muhalli na Dan Adam

=== Ma'aikatar Abinci da Lafiya ta Mutum ===

==== Shirye-shiryen sashen ====

* Digiri na Digiri a cikin Clinical Dietetics
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Abinci na Mutum
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Abinci na Asibiti

=== Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Dan Adam ===

==== Shirye-shiryen sashen ====

* Bachelor of Science a Jima'i da Ci gaba
* Bachelor of Science a cikin Kimiyya ta Dan Adam da Ayyukan Al'umma
* Diploma a cikin Jima'i da Ci gaba
* Diploma a Ci gaban Matasa
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Jima'i da Ci gaba

==== Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Abinci ====

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a Kimiyyar Abinci da Fasaha
* Bachelor of Science a cikin Abinci da Kimiyyar Abinci
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Kimiyya da Fasaha

=== Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ===
Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa da aka kafa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2001, ta ƙunshi sassan uku kamar haka; watau Ma'aikatu na Aquaculture da Kimiyya na Kifi, Ma'aunin gandun daji da Ma'aikin Kimiyya da Gudanar da Muhalli.

==== Ma'aikatar Kula da dazuzzuka ====
Ma'aikatar gandun daji da farko ta kasance wani ɓangare na Ma'abiyar Horticulture da Forestry. Manufar Ma'aikatar Kula da dazuzzuka ita ce ta zama cibiyar LUANAR ta ƙwarewa a cikin horo, bincike, faɗaɗa da shawarwari a cikin gandun daji a cikin Malawi da duniya. Yana daya daga cikin sassan da ke cikin Faculty of Natural Resources .

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a cikin AgroforestryAikin gandun daji
* Bachelor of Science a cikin gandun daji[[Forestry|Kayan daji]]
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin AgroforestryAikin gandun daji
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin gandun daji
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Kayan Kayan Kudancin Jama'a
* PhD a cikin gandun daji[[Forestry|Kayan daji]]

==== Ma'aikatar Aquaculture da Kifi ====
Sashen Kimiyya na Aquaculture da Kifi (AQFD) a Kwalejin Bunda ya samo asali ne daga darasi guda ɗaya Aquacultura da Gudanar da namun daji da aka bayar a Sashen Kimiya na Dabbobi daga 1974 zuwa 1993. Saboda buƙatar haɓaka ƙwarewa a cikin Aquaculture daga yankin SADC, an samar da rubutun Aquacultura a cikin 1991 kuma za a ba da darussan Aquacultural a matsayin zaɓi a cikin Sashen Kimiyya na Dabbobi. An ba da darussan zaɓi na farko a cikin shekara ta 1994/95. Dalibai daga wasu ƙasashe a cikin SADC sun fara shiga kwalejin a wannan shekarar don shirye-shiryen difloma da digiri a cikin Aikin Gona tare da nuna bambanci a cikin kiwon kifi. Wasu daliban yanki da ke karatu a cikin shirin Masanin Kimiyya na Dabbobi sun zaɓi yin bincike a fannin kiwon kifi.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science a Aquaculture da Kifi KimiyyaKimiyya ta Kifi
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin AquacultureKiwon Ruwa
* Jagoran Kimiyya a Kifi
* PhD a cikin Aquaculture da Kifi
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Aquaculture da Kifi

==== Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Gudanar da albarkatun kasa ====
An kafa Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Gudanar da Muhalli (DESM) a cikin 2001 kuma tana cikin Faculty of Natural Resources. Ma'aikatar tana da matsayi na ma'aikatan ilimi goma sha huɗu. Yankunan ƙwarewa ga ma'aikatan sun haɗa da Gudanar da Muhalli, Muhalli da Muhalli na namun daji, Muhalli le Ci gaba, Kimiyya ta Muhalli, Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli da Halitta, da Kula da Harkokin Halitta. Akwai matsayi uku don masu fasaha a cikin sashen da za a cika.

===== Shirye-shiryen sashen =====

* Bachelor of Science in Natural Resources Management (Land and Water) 
* Bachelor of Science in Natural Resources Management (Wildlife and Ecotourism) 
* Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi

=== Faculty of Postgraduate Studies ===
Wannan yana ba da shirye-shirye a digiri na biyu, masters da matakan digiri

== Rashin jituwa ==
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, zanga-zangar dalibai game da katsewar wutar lantarki akai-akai a harabar Bunda ta ƙare a cikin lalacewar dukiya da kuma kama dalibai 46. &lt;ref&gt;Sam Chunga (8 December 2017) [http://mwnation.com/46-luanar-students-arrested-power-blackout-protest/ 46 Luanar students arrested over power blackout protest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629070124/https://mwnation.com/46-luanar-students-arrested-power-blackout-protest/ |date=2024-06-29 }} ''The Nation''. Retrieved 30 March 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2017 |title=46 LUANAR students arrested over blackouts demo |url=http://www.maravipost.com/46-luanar-students-arrested-blackouts-demo/ |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=The Marabi Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rufe harabar na ɗan lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nyasatimes.com/lilongwe-university-closes-bunda-campus-indefinitely-electricity-protests/ Lilongwe University closes Bunda Campus indefinitely over electricity protests] ''Nyasa Times'', 14 December 2017&lt;/ref&gt; [[Malawi Human Rights Commission|Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Malawi]] wacce ta binciki mutuwar dalibi ta gano cewa wasu dalibai sun fuskanci azabtarwa ko rashin mutunci daga 'yan sanda, amma ba su sami' yan sanda da ke da alhakin mutuwar dalibi ba.&lt;ref&gt;Faith Kamtambe (7 January 2018)  [https://www.times.mw/malawi-human-rights-commission-recommends-second-postmortem-on-bunda-student/ Malawi Human Rights Commission recommends second postmortem on bunda student] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319044158/https://times.mw/malawi-human-rights-commission-recommends-second-postmortem-on-bunda-student/ |date=2023-03-19 }} [[The Daily Times (Malawi)|The Daily Times]] Retrieved 13 March 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327215318/https://luanar.ac.mw/luanar/ Shafin farko]
* [https://www.nyasatimes.com/mutharika-snubs-university-malawi-graduation-bunda-delink-unima-finalised/]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isabelle de Charrière</title>
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    <id>81019</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:50:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
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      <comment>Replacing Diederik_Jacob_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken_(1707-1776)_-_portrait_painting.jpg with [[File:Diederik_Jacob_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken_(1706-1776)_-_portrait_painting.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File r</comment>
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      <text bytes="28288" sha1="i02tgd3tdck3szyohqdtysck6xry2r4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
[[Fayil:Isabelle_Agneta_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken,_by_Maurice_Quentin_de_La_Tour.jpg|thumb|319x319px| Isabelle de Charrière ta Maurice-Quentin de La Tour 1766, Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva) .]]
[[Fayil:Belle_van_Zuylen,_attributed_to_Guillaume_de_Spinny.jpg|thumb|334x334px| Belle de Zuylen ta Guillaume de Spinny 1759 Zuylen Castle]]
[[Fayil:Diederik Jacob van Tuyll van Serooskerken (1706-1776) - portrait painting.jpg|thumb|319x319px| Mahaifin Isabelle Diederik Jacob van Tuyll van Serooskerken (1707-1776), ɗan siyasan Holland.]]
[[Fayil:Zuylen.jpg|thumb|260x260px| Zuylen Castle tare da bangon maciji .]]
[[Fayil:Isabelle_de_Charrière_-_Jens_Juel.gif|thumb|312x312px| Isabelle de Charrière ta Jens Juel (1777) Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Neuchâtel) .]]
[[Fayil:Colombier_Manoir_Le_Pontet_20110831_1833.jpg|thumb|260x260px| Le Pontet Colombier, Neuchâtel, [[Switzerland]] .]]
[[Fayil:Portrait_en_miniature_d'Isabelle_de_Charrière_(1740-1805),_femme_de_lettres_-_2_mars_1781_-_Bibliothècque_de_Genève_(cropped).jpg|thumb|319x319px| Isabelle de Charrière 1781]]
[[Fayil:Louis-Ami_Arlaud-Jurine_(1751-1829)_-_Portrait_de_Charles-Emmanuel_de_Charrière_(1735-1808),_1781_(cropped).png|thumb|226x226px| Charles-Emmanuel de Charrière 1781]]
'''Isabelle de Charrière''' {{IPA|fr|izabɛl də ʃaʁjɛʁ}}; 20 Oktoba 1740{{Spaced en dash}}27 Disamba 1805), wacce aka fi sani da '''Belle van Zuylen''' a [[Holand|Netherlands]], née '''Isabella Agneta Elisabeth van Tuyll van Serooskerken''', da '''[Madame] Isabelle de Charrière''' ( sunan aure ) a wani wuri ansanta a matsayin  marubuciya daga Dutch kuma ƴar ƙasar Switzerland ta kwashe tsawon rabin rayuwar ta a Colombier, Neuchâtel. A yanzu an fi saninta dalilin wasiƙu da litattafan ta, har wayau ta rubuta ƙasidu da kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar al'umma da siyasa, kuma ana ɗaukar aikinta a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa a matsayin abin sha'awa na musamman.

== Rayuwar farko ==
Isabelle van Tuyll van Serooskerken an haifeta a Zuylen Castle a Zuilen kusa da Utrecht, Netherlands, mahaifinta Diederik Jacob van Tuyll van Serooskerken (1707 – 1776), mahaifiyar ta Jacoba Helena de Vicq (1724 – 1768). Ita ce babba cikin su  bakwai, agidan su.

A shekarar 1750, an aika Isabelle zuwa birnin Geneva a yayun tafiyarta zuwa can ta bi ta [[Switzerland]] da [[Faransa]] tare da mai magana da yaqin gwamnatin Faransa Jeanne-Louise Prevost, wanda shine malaminta daga shekarar 1746 zuwa 1753. Da yake magana da yaren Faransanci kawai tsawon shekara guda, dole ne ta sake koyon Yaren mutanen Holland kafin komawa gida Netherlands. Duk da haka, Faransanci zai kasance yaren da ta fi so har tsawon rayuwarta, wanda ya taimaka wajen bayyana dalilin da ya sa, aikinta ba a san shi sosai a ƙasar haihuwarta ba kamar yadda aka sani.

Isabelle ta ji daɗin ilimi mafi fa'ida fiye da yadda aka saba ga 'yan mata a wancan lokacin, godiya ga ra'ayoyin iyayenta masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suma suka bar ta ta yi karatun darussa kamar lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi da harsunan da suka haɗa da Latin, Italiyanci, Jamusanci da Ingilishi. Ta kasance  ɗaliba ce mai hazaka, tana sha'awar kiɗa, a shekarar 1790 ta fara karatu tare da mawaƙi Niccolò Zingarelli . 

An gayyace ta daga Anne Pollexfen Drake da mijinta Laftanar Janar George Eliott zuwa gidansu na [[Landan]] da ke Curzon Street, Mayfair, Isabelle ta zo ta hayar jirgin ruwa daga Hellevoetsluis zuwa Harwich ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba 1766 tare da ɗan’uwanta Ditie, kuyanga Doortje da valet dinta. Vitel.

== Wai-wa-ye ==
De Charrière ta zama mai arziki a shekarar  1778 ata wani ɓangare na gadon dukiyar iyayenta, gami da kusan kashi 40% na saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin mulkin mallaka kamar Kamfanin Dutch West India Company (WIC), Kamfanin Dutch East India Company (VOC), Gabashin Burtaniya. Kamfanin Indiya da Kamfanin Tekun Kudu ya dogara da ribar [[Bauta|bautar]] bayi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Drieënhuizen&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Slaa Stam1&quot;&gt;
{{Cite magazine|url-status=10–12}}
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Slaa Stam2&quot;&gt;
{{Cite magazine|url-status=13}}
&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Stam&quot;&gt;
{{Cite magazine|url-status=14–15}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Dangane da ra'ayin Drieënhuizen da Douze a cikin littafinsu na 2021 a cikin wasiƙunta da kuma a cikin littafinta ''Trois Femmes'' (Mata Uku, 1795 – 1798) De Charrière ta ambaci bautar ba tare da wani zargi ba. Duk da haka, akasin haka ya kasance yayin da ta rubuta game da abin da ta kira abubuwan tsoro ( ''horreurs'' ) a cikin yankunan a wata wasika mai (lamba 1894, na 1798, don haka ba ta damu da wuce gona da iri na bauta ba, kamar yadda editan ta ya yi cikakken bayani). Suzan van Dijk &lt;ref name=&quot;van Dijk&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal |last=van Dijk |first=Suzan |date=October 2021 |title=Belle van Zuylen over slavernij en rijkdom |trans-title= |url= |journal=Oud-Utrecht. Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis van Stad en Regio Utrecht |language=Dutch |volume=94(5), 2021 |issue=October |pages=13–17, page 15 |doi= |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekaru biyar bayan gadonta De Charrière ta sayar da kashi 70% na jarin mulkin mallaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sadarwa ==
Isabelle de Charrière ta ci gaba da yin rubutu mai yawa tare da mutane da yawa, ciki har da haziƙai irinsu David-Louis Constant d'Hermenches, James Boswell, Benjamin Constant da kuma mai mata fassarar yaren [[German language|Jamusanci]] Ludwig Ferdinand Huber.

A shekarar 1760, Isabelle ta haɗu da David-Louis Constant d'Hermenches (1722-1785), wani jami'in Swiss wanda al'umma ke ɗaukarsa a matsayin Don Juan. Bayan shakku da yawa, bukatar Isabelle na bayyana kanta na shawo kan matsalolinta, kuma, bayan ganawa ta biyu bayan shekaru biyu, ta fara rubuta wasiƙar sirri da shi na kusan shekaru 15.

Marubuci ɗan ƙasar Scotland James Boswell ya hadu da ita akai-akai a Utrecht da a Castle Zuylen a cikin 1763-1764, lokacin da ya karanci fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Utrecht. Ya kira ta ''Zélide''. Ya zama ɗan jarida na yau da kullum tsawon  shekaru da dama bayan ya bar Netherlands, a lokacin tafiyarsa zuwa Grand Tour. Ya rubuta mata cewar baya sonta. Ta amsa da cewa: &quot;Mun yarda, saboda ba ni da wata hazaka ta biyayya&quot;. A shekara ta 1766 ya aika neman aurenta ga mahaifinta bayan ya hadu da ɗan'uwanta a Paris, amma iyayen su, su duka  ba su yarda da aure ba.

A 1786, Mme de Charrière ya hadu da ɗan'uwan Constant d'Hermenches, marubuci Benjamin Constant, a Paris. Ya ziyarce ta a Colombier sau da yawa. Nan suka rubuta littafi tare. Ta kuma sami wasiku masu ban sha'awa tare da ƙawayenta  Henriette L'Hardy da Isabelle Morel . Wata yarinya diyar Huber Therese Forster ta zauna tare da ita daga 1801 har zuwa mutuwar Isabelle de Charrière.

== Ayyuka ==
Isabelle de Charrière ta rubuta litattafai, ƙasidu, wasan kwaikwayo, da tsara kiɗa. Mafi ingancin ayyukan ya, ta samar da su ne a lokacin da ke da zama  a Colombia.

Littafinta na farko, ''Le Noble'', an buga shi a shekara ta 1763. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Image title page ''Le Noble, Conte moral'' 1763 at Royal Library The Hague (Koninklijke Bibliotheek). |url=http://literatuurmuseum.nl/media/uploads/image/zuylen05-1980x_.jpg}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1784 ta wallafa kagaggun littatafan almara guda biyu, ''Lettres neuchâteloises'' da ''Lettres de Misriss Henley publiées par son amie'' . Dukansu litattafai ne na wasiƙa, nau'in da ta ci gaba da ba muhimmanci. A cikin 1788, ta buga ƙasidunta na farko game da yanayin siyasa a kasashen Netherlands, Faransa da Switzerland.

Mai sha'awar  falsafa Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ta taimaka mata a harkar littafin a 1789. Ta kuma rubuta nata ƙasidu akan Rousseau a wannan lokacin.

Juyin juya halin Faransa ya sa wasu manyan mutane suka gudu zuwa Neuchâtel kuma Mme de Charrière sun yi abota da wasu daga cikinsu. Sai dai kuma ta buga wasu rubuce-rubucen da ke sukar halayen ƴan gudun hijira waɗanda yawancinsu a tunaninta ba su koyi komai daga juyin juya halin ba.

Ayyukan kiɗanta suna cikin juzu'i na 10 na ''Œuvres complètes'' ; waɗanda suka hada da Six minuets zuba deux violons, alto et basse [watau string quartet ], dédiés à Monsieur le Baron de Tuyll de Serooskerken Seigneur de Zuylen (la Haye et Amsterdam: B. Hummel et fils, 1786); 9 Sonates voor klavecimbel, da 10 ''Airs et Romances'' (Paris: chez M. Bonjour, 1788-1789) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Charrière, de |first=Isabelle |last2=Zuylen, de |first2=Belle |last3=Abbé de la Tour |title=Isabelle de Charrière - Wikisource |url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:Isabelle_de_Charri%C3%A8re |website=fr.wikisource.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ta rubuta waƙa da kuma kiɗa. Yawancin waƙoƙinta an saka su a yayin wasan kwaikwayo a dakin wasa na Le Pontet.

=== Mahimman wallafe-wallafe na asali ===
* ''Œuvres complètes'', Édition critique par J-D. Candaux, C.P. Courtney, [[Pierre H. Dubois|P.H. Dubois]], S. Dubois-de Bruyn, P. Thompson, J. Vercruysse, D.M. Wood. Amsterdam, G.A. van Oorschot, 1979–1984. Tomes 1-6, Correspondance; tome 7, Theatre; tomes 8-9, Romans, Contes et Nouvelles; tome 10, Essais, Vers, Musique. {{ISBN|9789028205000}}
* Die wiedergefundene Handschrift: ''Victoire ou la vertu sans bruit''. Hrsg. Magdalene Heuser. In: Editio. Internationales Jahrbuch für Editionswissenschaft. 11 (1997), p.&amp;nbsp;178–204.
* [https://www.peeters-leuven.be/detail.php?search_key=9789042916463 'Early writings. New material from Dutch archives'']. Ed. Kees van Strien, Leuven, Éditions Peeters, 2005. VI-338 p. {{ISBN|978-90-429-1646-3}}
* ''Correspondances et textes inédits''. Ed. Guillemette Samson, J-D. Candaux, J. Vercruysse et D. Wood. Paris, Honoré Champion, 2006 423 p. {{ISBN|978-2-7453-1310-2}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/exlibris/aleph/a23_1/apache_media/SH3GM1S1XGST6NXKFFNNHF7U5TH5TC.pdf|title=Table des martières Correspondances et textes inédits. 2006|access-date=1 August 2021|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801124412/http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/exlibris/aleph/a23_1/apache_media/SH3GM1S1XGST6NXKFFNNHF7U5TH5TC.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Translations===
* ''Letters written from Lausanne''. Translated from the French. Bath, printed by R. Cruttwell and sold by C. Dilly, Poultry, London, 1799. 2 vols. viii, 175 p. + 200 p.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_letters-written-from-lau_charrire-isabelle-de_1799_2 Letters written from Lausanne. Translated from the French. 1799: Vol 1]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_letters-written-from-lau_charrire-isabelle-de_1799_2 Letters written from Lausanne. Translated from the French. 1799: Vol 2 (Starting from Letter xviii:) Calista]&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Four tales by Zélide''. Translated [and abridged] by S[ybil]. M[arjorie]. S[cott-Cuffe] with an introduction by [[Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)|Geoffrey Scott]]. [The Nobleman, Mistress Henley, Letters from Lausanne, Letters from Lausanne-Caliste]. London, Constable, 1925. xxix, 263 p. [[Reprint]] by Books for Libraries Press, [[Freeport, New York]], 1970. [[Reprint]] by [[Turtle Point Press]], [[Chappaqua, New York]],  1997. 304 p.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/fourtales0000char/page/n9/mode/2up|title=Four tales by Zélide Translated by S.M.S. (full-text scan)|translator-last= Scott |translator-first=Sybil |date=1925 |website=archive.org |publisher=London, Constable &amp; Co. Ltd. |access-date=26 August 2022 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Letters from Mistress Henley published by her friend''. Translation Philip Stewart and Jean Vaché.  Introduction, notes and bibliography by Joan Hinde Stewart &amp; Philip Stuart. New York, The [[Modern Language Association]] of America, 1993. xxix, 42 p.
* ''Letters from Switzerland''. [Letters from Neuchatel, Letters from Mistress Henley, Letters from Lausanne, Letters from Lausanne-Caliste]. Ed., translation and biography James Chesterman. Cambridge U.K., Carole Green Publishing, 2001. xii, 276 p. {{ISBN|9781903479032}} 
* ''Three women. A novel by the abbé de la Tour''. Translation Emma Rooksby. New York, The [[Modern Language Association of America]], 2007. xii, 176 p. {{ISBN|9780873529419}}
* ''The Nobleman and Other Romances''. [The Nobleman; Letters from Neuchâtel; Letters from Mistress Henley Published by Her Friend; Letters from Lausanne: Cécile; Eaglonette and Suggestina, or, On Pliancy; Émigré Letters; Fragments of Two Novels Written in English: A Correspondence, Letters from Peter and William; Constance's Story; Saint Anne], Translated, introduction and notes Caroline Warman. Cover ill. Joanna Walsh. New York, [[Penguin Classics]], 2012. XXXIII, 439 p.&amp;nbsp;{{ISBN|978-0-14-310660-9}}
* ''Honorine d'Userche'' [a [[novella]] by Abbé de la Tour], translator Caroline Omolesky, [[e-book]], Messidor Press, 2013.

===Correspondence===
* ''Boswell in Holland, including his correspondence with Belle de Zuylen (Zélide)''. Ed. Frederick Pottle. 428 p.&amp;nbsp;London: William [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]], 1952.
* ''Letter of Isabelle de Charrière to James Boswell 27 March 1768''. Published in The General Correspondence of James Boswell (1766–1769), ed. Richard Cole, Peter Baker, [[Edinburgh University Press]], 1993, vol.2, p.&amp;nbsp;40-41.
* ''There are no letters like yours. The correspondence of Isabelle de Charrière and Constant d'Hermences''. Translated, with an introduction and annotations by Janet Whatley and Malcolm Whatley. Lincoln NE, [[University of Nebraska Press]], 2000. xxxv, 549 p.

===''Le Noble, conte moral'', 1763 ===
[[File:Belle van Zuylen - Le Noble, Conte moral - Amsterdam, 1763.jpg|thumb|Title page of ''Le Noble, conte moral'', 1763. Motto: On ne suit pas toujours ses aïeux, ni son père. La Fontaine.&quot;]]
Belle van Zuylen ta buga wannan gajeren littafin farkon, lokacin tana ƴar shekara 22 a mujalla ta Faransanci tare da mawallafin Amsterdam Evert van Harrevelt. Iyayen Van Zuylen sun sayi gaba-daya na bugun littafin a shekara ta 1763, don hana yaɗuwar wannan littafin. Amma duk da haka ya sami hanyar shiga Turai, saboda mawaƙin Jamus kuma ɗan majalisar dokoki Johann Wolfgang Goethe ya sake nazarin fassarar Jamusanci Die Vorzüge des alten Adels a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 1772 a cikin &quot;Frankfurter Gelehrten Anzeigen&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Strien Noble&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.womenwriters.nl/index.php/The_publication_history_of_Le_Noble |title=The publication history of Le Noble |last=van Strien |first=Kees |date=November 2010 |website=www.womenwriters.nl |publisher=AsK |access-date=3 March 2021 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tsokaci acikin [[La Fontaine's Fables|fable]] da  [[Jean de La Fontaine]] ya yi daga littafin:

{{Cquote|
'''FARANSANCI'''
On ne suit pas toujours ses Aïeux, ni son Père (La Fontaine)

 Il y avait dans une des provinces de France un château très ancien, habité par un vieux rejeton d'une famille encore plus ancienne. Le baron d'Arnonville était très sensible au mérite de cette ancienneté, et il avait raison, car il n'avait pas beaucoup d'autres mérites. Mais son château se serait mieux trouvé d'être un peu plus moderne: une des tours comblait déjà une partie du fossé; on ne voyait dans le reste qu'un peu d'eau bourbeuse, et les grenouilles y avaient pris la place des poissons. Sa table était frugale, mais tout autour de la salle à manger régnaient les bois des cerfs tués par ses aïeux.

Il se rappelait, les jours gras, qu'il avait droit de chasse, les jours maigres, qu'il avait droit de pêche, et content de ces droits, il laissait sans envie manger des faisans et des carpes aux ignobles financiers. Il dépensait son modique revenu à pousser un procès pour le droit de pendre sur ses terres; et il ne lui serait jamais venu dans l'esprit qu'on pût faire un meilleur usage de son bien, ni laisser à ses enfants quelque chose de mieux que la haute et basse justice. L'argent de ses menus plaisirs, il le mettait à faire renouveler les écussons qui bordaient tous les planchers, et à faire repeindre ses ancêtres.
| - We do not always follow our ancestors, nor even resemble our fathers. La Fontaine
|
|
'''Hausa'''
In a French province there was an ancient castle, inhabited by an old scion of an even older family. The Baron of Arnonville attached great importance to this ancestry, and rightly so, for he had little other merit. But his castle could have been a trifle more modern: the rubble of one of the towers had already filled in part of the moat. For the rest, you could only discern some muddy water, in which frogs had replaced the fish. His table was frugal, but antlers of deer shot by his ancestors reigned all around the dining room.

On meat days he remembered his right to hunt, on fishing days his right to fish. Contented with these rights, he tolerated without envy that base [[tax farmer]]s ate the pheasants and the carp. He spent his modest income pushing a lawsuit over the right to hang people on his estate, and it would never have occurred to him that he could make better use of his property or that he could leave his children anything better than the high and low justice. The money for his little pleasures he put into the renovation of the [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]]s along the baseboards and the repainting of the portraits of his ancestors.

Isabelle de Charrière, Le Noble, conte moral, 1762.
}}

== Miscellany ==
* The [[asteroid]] [[9604 Bellevanzuylen]] was named in her honour in 1991 by [[Eric Walter Elst]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=bellevanzuylen;old=0;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0#elem|website=JPL Small-Body Database Browser|publisher=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov|title = 9604 Bellevanzuylen (1991 YW)|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307062259/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=bellevanzuylen;old=0;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=0|archive-date = 7 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The film ''[[Belle van Zuylen - Madame de Charrière]]'' was directed by [[Digna Sinke]] in 1993.
* The ''Belle van Zuylen Chair'' of [[Utrecht University]], Netherlands, was held by Cecil Courtney (1995), Monique Moser-Verrey (April 2005), Nicole Pellegrin-Postel (October 2005)
* The annual ''Belle van Zuylen Lecture'', on themes relating to literature and society in general, is part of the International Literature Festival Utrecht (ILFU), formerly called City2Cities, delivered by contemporary authors such as [[Hans Magnus Enzensberger]] (2006), [[Jeanette Winterson]] (2007), [[Azar Nafisi]] (2009) and [[Paul Auster]] (2012), [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] (2020) and [[Margaret Atwood]] (2021). Since 2020 they receive a little [[sculpture]] called the ''Belle van Zuylenring''.

==Bibliography==
In chronological order by publication year:
* Philippe Godet: ''Madame de Charrière et ses amis, d’après de nombreux documents inédits (1740–1805) avec portraits, vues, autographes, etc.''. Genève, A. Jullien, 1906 (xiii,519 p. + 448 p.). Genève, Slatkine Reprints, 1973.
* [[Geoffrey Scott (architectural historian)|Geoffrey Scott]]. ''The portrait of Zélide''. London, Constable, 1925. xiii, 215 p.&lt;ref&gt;[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011694612&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=5 Geoffrey Scott, New York, Scribner, 1926]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;He has won the [[James Tait Black Memorial Prize]] 1925 for this biography.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Scott on Zélide : the portrait of Zélide''. Introduction by [[Richard Holmes (biographer)|Richard Holmes]]. London, Flamingo, 2002. [[Reprint]] by [[Turtle Point Press]], New York, 2010. 256 p. with an introduction by [[Shirley Hazzard]], afterword by Richard Dunn.
* Constance Thompson Pasquali, ''Madame de Charrière à Colombier : iconographie'', Neuchâtel, Bibliothèque de la Ville, 1979
* C.P. Courtney. ''A preliminary bibliography of Isabelle de Charrière (Belle de Zuylen)''. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1980. 157 p.
* C.P. Courtney. ''Isabelle de Charrière (Belle de Zuylen). A secondary bibliography''. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1982. 50 p.
* C.P. Courtney. ''Isabelle de Charrière and the 'Character of H.B. Constant'. A false attribution''. In: French Studies (Oxford), 36 (1982), no. 3, p.&amp;nbsp;282-289.
* C.P. Courtney, ''Isabelle de Charrière (Belle de Zuylen). A biography''. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1993. 810 p. {{ISBN|9780729404396}}
* Kathleen M. Jaeger, ''Male and Female Roles in the Eighteenth Century. The Challenge to Replacement and Displacement in the Novels of Isabelle de Charrière'', New York, Peter Lang, 1994. XI, 241 pp. {{ISBN|978-0-8204-2179-7}} 
* C.P. Courtney, ''Belle van Zuylen and Philosophy''. Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht, 1995. 32 p.
* Jacquline Letzter, ''Intellectual tacking. Questions of education in the works of Isabelle de Charrière''. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1998. 217 p. {{ISBN|978-9042002906}}
* Jacquline Letzter and Robert Adelson, ''Women Writing Opera: Creativity and Controversy in the Age of the French Revolution''. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001. xvii, 341 p. {{ISBN|978-0520226531}}
* Carla Alison Hesse, ''The other enlightenment: how French women became modern''. Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 2001. - XVI, 233p.  {{ISBN|978-0691114804}} 
* Vincent Giroud and Janet Whatley, ''Isabelle de Charrière. Proceedings of the international conference held at Yale University, 2002''. New Haven CT. The Beinecke rare book and manuscript library, 2004. v, 151 p. {{ISBN|978-0845731604}}
* Jelka Samsom, ''Individuation and attachment in the works of Isabelle de Charrière'' New York, Peter Lang, 2005. {{ISBN|978-3039101870}}
* Monique Moser-Verrey, ''Isabelle de Charrière and the Novel in the 18th century''. Utrecht, Universiteit Utrecht, 2005. 32 p.
* Nicole Pellegrin, ''Useless or pleasant? Women and the writing of history at the time of Belle van Zuylen (1740–1805)''. Utrecht, University Utrecht, 2005. 32 p.
* Suzan van Dijk, Valérie Cossy, Monique Moser, Madeleine van Strien, ''Belle de Zuylen/Isabelle de Charrière: Education, Creation, Reception''. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 2006, 343 p.&amp;nbsp;{{ISBN|978-90-420-1998-0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenwriters.nl/index.php/Belle_de_Zuylen_/_Isabelle_de_Charri%C3%A8re._Education,_cr%C3%A9ation,_r%C3%A9ception|title=Belle de Zuylen / Isabelle de Charrière. Education, création, réception - womenwriters|website=www.womenwriters.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gillian E. Dow, ''Translators, interpreters, mediators: women writers 1700-1900''. [Mary Wollstonecraft, Isabelle de Charrière, Therese Huber, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Fatma Aliye, Anna Jameson, Anne Gilchrist] Oxford, Peter Lang, 2007. 268 p. {{ISBN|978-3-03911-055-1}}
* Heidi Bostic, ''The fiction of enlightenment: women of reason in the French eighteenth century'' [Francoise de Graffigny, Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni, Isabelle de Charrière]. Newark DE, University of Delaware Press, 2010. 270 p. {{ISBN|978-1611491302}}
* Emma M. Dunne, ''The pursuit of happiness: Obstacles and opportunities in the Complete Works of Isabelle de Charrière (1740–1805)''. University College Dublin, Dublin, 2022.

==Discography==
* ''Belle van Zuylen / Mme de Charrière: Een Muzikaal Verhall (&quot;A Musical Journey&quot;). Muziek van Belle van Zuylen, Frederik II van Pruisen, Anna Amalia van Pruisen, Jean Jacques Rousseau.'' Contents: Six menuets pour deux violons, alto et basse; Sonate voor Klavecimbel Opus 3 No. 1 in C-groot; Sonate voor Klavecimbel Opus 3 No. 2 Deel 1 in F-groot; et 8 ''Airs et Danses avec accompagnement de clavecin''—Romance &quot;Arbre Charmant&quot;; &quot;Pauvre Agneau&quot;; &quot;De la ville et des champs&quot; (aria met twee violen en continuo); &quot;Lise aimoit&quot;; &quot;Timarette s'en est allée&quot; (aria met twee violen en continuo); autre air pour &quot;Lise aimoit&quot;; Air &quot;Tout Cède A La Beauté&quot;;  Air &quot;Douce Retraite.&quot; Utrechts Barok Consort m.m.v. Wilke te Brummelstreete. Utrecht: Slot Zuylen CD 423206, 2005.
* ''Belle van Zuylen (Madame de Charrière) and Contemporaries''. Madelon Michel, soprano; Fania Chapiro, pianoforte. Contents: Sonata in C major Op. 2 No. 2; ''Airs et Romances'': &quot;L'an passé,&quot; &quot;De la ville et des champs,&quot;, &quot;Pauvre Agneau,&quot; &quot;L'amour est un enfant trompeur,&quot; &quot;Timarette s'en est allée,&quot; &quot;Lise aimoit,&quot; autre air pour &quot;Lise aimoit&quot; &quot;Arbre charmant,&quot; &quot;Douce retraite,&quot; &quot;Tout cède à la beauté d'Elise.&quot; (Contemporaries: Rameau, Sarti, Rousseau, and Cimarosa.) Rotterdam: Erasmus Muziek Producties, ©1994.

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje==
{{commons category}}

{{Wikisource|fr:Auteur:Isabelle_de_Charrière|''Isabelle de Charrière''}}

* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/site-charriere/index.htm Madame de Charrière website] (in Dutch and French)]
* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu Belle van Zuylen website] (in Dutch and French, site of the Genootschap Belle van Zuylen)
* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/site-charriere/articles/biblsec.htm Bibliographic database 1: by name to 2007]
* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/?page_id=2734 Complementary bibliografic database 2: by year, with additions before 2007]
* [https://charriere.huygens.knaw.nl/fr/601-2/ La Correspondance d'Isabelle de Charrière (in Dutch and French)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114013334/https://charriere.huygens.knaw.nl/fr/601-2/ |date=2024-11-14 }}
* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/?page_id=473 Compositions of Isabelle de Charrière]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Isabelle de Charrière}}
* Bulletins of the Genootschap Belle van Zuylen:
** [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/?page_id=878 ''Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet'' 1976-2005]
*** [http://www.womenwriters.nl/index.php/Lettre_de_Zuylen_et_du_Pontet Global index of the Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet]
*** Lettre de Zuylen 1976-1980 ISSN 0920-945X
*** Lettre de Zuylen et du Pontet 1981-2005 ISSN 0920-9468
** [http://www.womenwriters.nl/index.php/Cahiers_Isabelle_de_Charriere_/_Belle_de_Zuylen_Papers ''Cahiers ISABELLE DE CHARRIÈRE / BELLE DE ZUYLEN Papers'' 2006-2015] ISSN 1872-7832
** [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/?page_id=3630 Lettre de Zuylen 2017 - ]
* [https://womenwriters.resources.huygens.knaw.nl/womenwriters/vre/persons/c016344d-97e5-4525-ba87-9fcc595e67dd Womenwriters database Isabelle de Charrière] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406015525/https://womenwriters.resources.huygens.knaw.nl/womenwriters/vre/persons/c016344d-97e5-4525-ba87-9fcc595e67dd |date=2023-04-06 }} 
* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/site-charriere/fra/oeuvres.htm Works of Isabelle de Charrière]
* [http://www.belle-van-zuylen.eu/PDFs/Dennis_Wood/The_Novels_of_Isabelle_de_Charriere_thesis.pdf Revised thesis of Dennis Wood 1998 The novels of isabelle de Charrière]
* Images:
** [http://bpun.unine.ch/icono/JPG02/PONEPHOT4.200.jpg Silhouette of Isabelle de Charrière by Marianne Moula (1760–1826)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041229/http://bpun.unine.ch/icono/JPG02/PONEPHOT4.200.jpg |date=2017-12-01 }}
** [http://bpun.unine.ch/icono/JPG02/PONEEKTA3.02.jpg Miniature-painting of Charles-Emmanuel de Charrière by Léonard Isaac Arlaud (1767–1800). Genève Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118073800/http://bpun.unine.ch/icono/JPG02/PONEEKTA3.02.jpg |date=2008-11-18 }}
** [http://bpun.unine.ch/icono/JPG02/PONEEKTA3.03.jpg Miniature-painting of Isabelle de Charrière by Léonard Isaac Arlaud (1767–1800). Genève, Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031020119/http://bpun.unine.ch/icono/JPG02/PONEEKTA3.03.jpg |date=2006-10-31 }}
* [http://www.siefar.org/dictionnaire/en/Isabella_Agneta_Elisabeth_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken SIEFAR Dictionary 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626102146/http://siefar.org/dictionnaire/en/Isabella_Agneta_Elisabeth_van_Tuyll_van_Serooskerken |date=2022-06-26 }}
* [http://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/goddess-of-the-netherlands-belle-van-zuylen/ Goddess of the Netherlands, Radio Netherlands Worldwide (RNW) Archives]
* [http://content1a.omroep.nl/d91566c219fcfdb3c79673d77649993d/4d710ea3/rnw/mp3/haa/B171080.08%20%20Passport%20to%20Literature%20%20E.%20du%20Perron%20de%20Roos%20%201963-09-05.mp3 RNW broadcast Passport to literature: Belle de Zuylen]
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'''Jessica Marie Penne''' &lt;ref name=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://boxing.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/boxingnvgov/content/results/2014_Results/12-12-14MMA.pdf |title=TUF 20 Finale results |access-date=2024-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509030858/https://boxing.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/boxingnvgov/content/results/2014_Results/12-12-14MMA.pdf |archive-date=2023-05-09 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta alif 1983) ƙwararren yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar  Amurka. Penne a halin yanzu tana fafatawa a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Strawweight don Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jessica Penne MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography - Sherdog.com |url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Jessica-Penne-21247 |access-date=2012-10-10 |publisher=Sherdog.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce ta farko Invicta FC Atomweight Champion . Ta kuma yi gasa a gasar farko ta mata a Bellator Fighting Championships.

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Penne a Newport Beach, California, a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1983, kuma ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Diamond Bar, tana shiga cikin kungiyoyin softball da swimming. Bayan haka a Cal State Fullerton, ta sami digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cal State Fullerton |url=http://www.ufc.com/fighter/Jessica-Penne |access-date=2015-10-14 |publisher=Ufc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne 'yar Italiya ce ta Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ufc.com.br/news/meet-strawweights-jessica-penne Meet The Strawweights - Jessica Penne] Thomas Gerbasi, ufc.com (May 28, 2021)&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta shine ƙarni na farko na iyalinsa na Italiya da aka haifa a Amurka. Wasu daga cikin danginsa sun kasance a asalin iyalinsa na [[Torino|Turino]], Italiya.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2012/04/fight-path-chance-encounter-with-boxing-mitts-led-jessica-penne-to-promising-mma-career Fight Path: Chance encounter with boxing mitts led Jessica Penne to promising MMA career] [[MMAjunkie.com]] (April 26, 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed ==

=== Mai faɗakarwa ===
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Penne ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi gasa kuma ta lashe gasar a gasar zakarun Bellator lokacin da ta yi yaƙi a Bellator 5 da Tammie Schneider a cikin nauyin 117. Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar TKO (bugawa) a zagaye na farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-05-01 |title=Tammy Schneider vs Jessica Pene |url=http://blog.bellator.com/index.php/2009/05/01/tammy-schneider-vs-jessica-pene/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209085810/http://blog.bellator.com/index.php/2009/05/01/tammy-schneider-vs-jessica-pene/ |archive-date=2012-12-09 |access-date=2012-10-10 |publisher=Bellator.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2010, Penne ta hadu da Zoila Gurgel, mai suna Bellator Strawweight Champion a wasan farko na Bellator Season 3 115 lb na gasar mata a Bellator 25. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grabowski vs. Barrett headlines Bellator 25, Frausto vs. Pene, Daly vs. Ward added |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/19856/grabowski-vs-barrett-headlines-bellator-25-frausto-vs-pene-daly-vs-ward-added.mma |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711050103/http://mmajunkie.com/news/19856/grabowski-vs-barrett-headlines-bellator-25-frausto-vs-pene-daly-vs-ward-added.mma |archive-date=2010-07-11 |access-date=2010-07-08 |publisher=MMAjunkie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne ya rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zoila Frausto Defeats Jessica Pene At Bellator 25 |url=http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2010/08/19/zoila-frausto-defeats-jessica-pene-at-bellator-25/ |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kwallon Kwallon Kwando ===
A watan Satumbar 2011, Penne ta amince da yin yaƙi da zakara na Girls S-Cup sau biyu Rena Kubota a wasan dambe a [[Japan]]. Kwallon kwallo yana ba da damar kicks, punches, gwiwoyi, jefawa, da kuma tsayawa (chokeholds, armlocks da wuyan hannu). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Game Rules: Shoot Boxing |url=http://shootboxing.org/en/rule/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203050608/http://shootboxing.org/en/rule/index.html |archive-date=2014-12-03 |access-date=2012-10-14 |publisher=ShootBoxing.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kara Penne a cikin Shoot Boxing 2011: Dokar 4 katin yaƙi da Rena Kubota mako guda kafin taron.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-05 |title=Jessica Penne To Face Rena Kubota In Shoot Boxing Debut |url=http://www.mmarising.com/news/2011/09/05/jessica-penne-to-face-rena-kubota-in-shoot-boxing-debut/ |access-date=2012-10-10 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne ta doke Kubota da aka fi so sosai a cikin babban damuwa. An yi nasarar lashe gasar ne bayan zagaye uku na farko da aka shirya tare da ci 29-29, 29-29, da 30-29 (Penne). Yaƙin ya tafi zagaye na huɗu na tsawo, wanda aka yanke hukunci a raba tare da maki 10-9 (Kubota), 10-9 (Penne), da 10-10. Zagaye na biyar da na karshe ya tafi cikin katunan kuma an ba Penne mafi rinjaye (10-9, 10-9, da 9-9). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-10 |title=Jessica Penne Upsets Rena Kubota At Shoot Boxing: Act. 4 |url=http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2011/09/10/jessica-penne-upsets-rena-kubota-at-shoot-boxing-act-4/ |access-date=2012-10-10 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Invicta FC ===
A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2012, an ba da sanarwar cewa Penne ta sanya hannu ta hanyar gabatar da mata na Invicta Fighting Championships . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-02-20 |title=Invicta Fighting Championships 1 Main Card Bouts Revealed |url=http://www.mmarising.com/news/2012/02/20/invicta-fighting-championships-1-main-card-bouts-revealed/ |access-date=2012-10-10 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2012, Penne ta fara Invicta a taron da suka fara da shi mai suna ''Invicta FC 1: Coenen vs. Ruyssen'', da Lisa Ellis a babban taron. Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar TKO (harin) a 2:48 na zagaye na 3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Breen, Jordan |date=2012-04-28 |title=Coenen Tops Ruyssen Again, Olympic Medalist Miller Wins Debut at Invicta FC 1 |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Coenen-Tops-Ruyssen-Again-Olympic-Medalist-Miller-Wins-Debut-at-Invicta-FC-1-42259 |access-date=2012-06-15 |website=News |publisher=Sherdog.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Penne ta sake fafatawa da Invicta a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2012, a wannan lokacin ta jagoranci ''Invicta FC 3: Penne vs. Sugiyama'' da mai fafatawa na Atomweight a duniya da kuma zakara na 105-pound, Naho Sugiyama . Yakin ya nuna gasar zakarun farko a tarihin Invicta, a kowane nau'in nauyi. Penne ta zama Invicta ta farko Atomweight zakara lokacin da ta doke Sugiyama a zagaye na biyu ta hanyar triangle choking.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-10-06 |title=Invicta FC 3 results and LIVE fight coverage for 'Penne vs Sugiyama' |url=http://www.mmamania.com/2012/10/6/3464304/invicta-fc-3-results-and-live-fight-coverage-for-penne-vs-sugiyama |access-date=2012-10-10 |publisher=MMAmania.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsaron farko na Penne na gasar ya kasance ''Invicta FC 5: Penne vs. Waterson'' lokacin da ta kare Michelle Waterson a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-01-10 |title=Invicta FC 5 Targeted For April 13 In Cali, Champ Penne Meets Karate Hottie |url=http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2013/01/invicta-fc-5-targeted-for-april-13-in-cali-champ-penne-meets-karate-hottie |access-date=2013-01-10 |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |archive-date=2013-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415025058/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2013/01/invicta-fc-5-targeted-for-april-13-in-cali-champ-penne-meets-karate-hottie |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-01-10 |title=Jessica Penne vs Michelle Waterson Announced For Invicta FC 5 |url=http://www.mmarising.com/news/2013/01/10/jessica-penne-vs-michelle-waterson-announced-for-invicta-fc-5/ |access-date=2013-01-13 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-02-11 |title=INVICTA FC BRINGS WOMEN'S WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP DOUBLEHEADER TO AMERISTAR CASINO HOTEL KANSAS CITY FRIDAY, APRIL 5 |url=http://invictafc.com/2013/02/invicta-fc-brings-womens-world-championship-doubleheader-to-ameristar-casino-hotel-kansas-city-friday-april-5/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226221113/http://invictafc.com/2013/02/invicta-fc-brings-womens-world-championship-doubleheader-to-ameristar-casino-hotel-kansas-city-friday-april-5/ |archive-date=2013-02-26 |access-date=2013-02-20 |publisher=InvictaFC.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne ya rasa yakin da kuma gasar ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na huɗu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-05 |title='Cyborg' Savages Muxlow, 'Karate Hottie' Crowned Via Dramatic Submission at Invicta FC 5 |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Cyborg-Savages-Muxlow-Karate-Hottie-Crowned-Via-Dramatic-Submission-at-Invicta-FC-5-51497 |access-date=2013-04-12 |publisher=Sherdog.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-06 |title=Invicta FC 5 Results: Michelle Waterson, Barb Honchak Win Titles |url=http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2013/04/06/invicta-fc-5-results-michelle-waterson-barb-honchak-win-titles/ |access-date=2013-04-12 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Penne ta fuskanci Nicdali Rivera-Calanoc a ''Invicta FC 6: Coenen vs. Cyborg'' a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-19 |title=Jessica Penne Faces Nicdali Rivera-Calanoc At Invicta FC 6 |url=http://www.mmarising.com/news/2013/04/19/jessica-penne-faces-nicdali-rivera-calanoc-at-invicta-fc-6/ |access-date=2013-04-19 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kayar da Rivera-Calanoc ta hanyar miƙa wuya saboda tsinkaye na baya a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-07-13 |title=Invicta FC 6 Results: Cris Cyborg Wins Featherweight Title |url=http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2013/07/13/invicta-fc-6-results-cris-cyborg-wins-featherweight-title/ |access-date=2013-07-20 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-07-13 |title=Invicta FC 6 results: Cris 'Cyborg' claims featherweight belt with TKO win |url=http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2013/07/invicta-fc-6-live-results-and-fight-recaps |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717050058/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2013/07/invicta-fc-6-live-results-and-fight-recaps |archive-date=2013-07-17 |access-date=2013-07-20 |publisher=MMAjunkie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne ta sami kyautar &quot;Submission of the Night&quot; don nasarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-07-13 |title=Invicta FC 6 Bonuses: Smith vs Maia Named Fight Of The Night |url=http://www.mmarising.com/articles/2013/07/13/invicta-fc-6-bonuses-smith-vs-maia-named-fight-of-the-night/ |access-date=2013-07-20 |publisher=MMARising.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Babban Mai Yaki'' ===
A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2014, an ba da sanarwar cewa Penne na ɗaya daga cikin masu fafatawa 16 a kan The Ultimate Fighter: Team Pettis vs. Team Melendez, wanda zai lashe gasar zakarun Ultimate Fighting Championship ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2014 |title=Full 'TUF 20' cast revealed, includes eight new additions |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2014/07/full-tuf-20-cast-revealed-includes-eight-new-additions |access-date=July 3, 2014 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Penne ita ce ta biyar da kocin Anthony Pettis ya zaba. Ta fuskanci Lisa Ellis a zagaye na farko na gasar kuma ta ci nasara ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye ya farko. Ta kayar da abokin aikin tawagar Team Pettis Aisling Daly a wasan kusa da na karshe ta hanyar cin nasara. A zagaye na kusa da na karshe, ta sha kashi a hannun abokiyarta Carla Esparza ta hanyar yanke shawara.

=== Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe ===
Penne ta fara UFC a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2014, a ''The Ultimate Fighter: A Champion Will Be Crowned Finale'', tana fuskantar 'yar'uwarta [[Randa Markos]] a kan babban katin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TUF 20 Finale Card |url=http://www.ufc.com/event/the-ultimate-fighter-a-champion-will-be-crowned#/fight |access-date=December 11, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne ya lashe yakin baya-baya ta hanyar yanke shawara ta raba (28-29, 30-27, da 29-28). Har ila yau, wasan ya lashe kyautar Penne ta farko ta Fight of the Night daga gabatarwa.

==== Shirin da aka harbe shi ====
An shirya Penne don fuskantar Juliana Lima a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2015, a UFC Fight Night 67 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Guilherme |date=15 March 2015 |title=Jessica Penne vs. Juliana Lima added to UFC Fight Night 67 in Brazil |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/3/15/8190403/jessica-penne-vs-juliana-lima-slated-for-ufc-fight-night-67-in-brazil |access-date=6 April 2015 |website=www.mmafighting.com |publisher=MMA Fighting}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an cire Penne daga wannan gwagwarmaya don tallafawa wasan da aka yi da UFC Women's Strawweight Champion Joanna Jędrzejczyk a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2015, a UFC Fight Night 69, bayan wannan gwaggarar ta fadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;FN69&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2015-05-01 |title=Gustafsson out vs. Teixeira, Jedrzejczyk vs. Penne headlines UFC Fight Night 69 |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/05/alexander-gustafsson-out-vs-teixeira-jedrzejczyk-penne-headlines-ufc-fight-night-69 |access-date=2015-05-01 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin a zagaye na uku ta hanyar TKO biyo bayan bugun jini da gwiwa a kan cage. Dukkanin mahalarta an ba su lambar yabo ta Fight of the Night.

==== Shirin da aka buga ====
A cikin gwagwarmayarta ta farko bayan da ta rasa lambar yabo, Penne ta fuskanci Jéssica Andrade a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2016, a UFC 199 . Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu.

Penne ta fuskanci Danielle Taylor a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2017, a UFC Fight Night: Swanson vs. Lobov . Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.

A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2017, an ba da sanarwar cewa USADA ta sanya Penne a matsayin mai laifi saboda cin zarafin doping daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017 daga samfurin gasar. Asalin da aka ruwaito a matsayin mara kyau, ƙarancin fasfo na ɗan wasa ya sa USADA ta sake nazarin samfurin ta amfani da Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry wanda ya gano wani anabolic steroid na asalin waje. A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 2018, an dakatar da Penne na tsawon watanni 18, raguwa na watanni 6, saboda shan ƙarin DHEA akan shawarar likitoci. Ta cancanci yin gasa a watan Oktoba 2018. 

An shirya Penne don fuskantar Jodie Esquibel a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2019, a UFC a kan ESPN 1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=2018-12-11 |title=Jessica Penne vs. Jodie Esquibel announced for UFC's ESPN debut |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/12/11/18135607/jessica-penne-vs-jodie-esquibel-announced-for-ufcs-espn-debut |access-date=2018-12-11 |website=MMA Fighting}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin auna, Penne ya auna a 118, fam 2 a kan iyakar gwagwarmayar da ba ta da lakabi na 116 fam. A sakamakon haka, ana sa ran wasan ne a nauyin kamawa kuma an ci Penne kashi 20% na jakarta wanda ya tafi ga abokin hamayyarta Esquibel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-16 |title=UFC on ESPN 1 weigh-in results: Three fighters miss, but all fights set |url=https://mmajunkie.com/2019/02/ufc-on-espn-1-phoenix-francis-ngannou-cain-velasquez-weigh-in-results-live-video-stream |access-date=2019-02-17 |website=MMAjunkie |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Penne ta ji rauni a idonta a safiyar yakin kuma an soke wasan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hiergesell |first=Dan |date=2019-02-17 |title=Penne Vs. Esquibel Removed From UFC On ESPN 1 |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2019/2/17/18228544/report-jessica-penne-vs-jodie-esquibel-removed-from-ufc-on-espn-1-velasquez-ngannou-mma-phoenix |access-date=2019-02-17 |website=MMAmania.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake tsara su don haduwa a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2019, a UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DNA |first=MMA |date=23 February 2019 |title=UFC Fight Night Fort Lauderdale krijgt vorm met vier nieuwe gevechten |url=http://mmadna.nl/ufc-fight-night-fort-lauderdale-krijgt-vorm-met-vier-nieuwe-gevechten/ |access-date=2019-02-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, an ruwaito a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2019, cewa Penne ta fice daga wasan, saboda rauni, kuma Angela Hill ta maye gurbin ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;AngelaHill&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marcel Dorff |date=2019-04-18 |title=Angela Hill replaces training partner Jessica Penne against Jodie Esquibel in Fort Lauderdale |url=http://mmadna.nl/angela-hill-vervangt-trainingspartner-jessica-penne-tegen-jodie-esquibel-in-fort-lauderdale/ |access-date=2019-04-19 |publisher=mmadna.nl |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== An haramta shekaru hudu daga gazawar gwajin miyagun ƙwayoyi ====
Penne ta fuskanci haramtacciyar shekara huɗu daga gasar daga Hukumar Kula da Doping ta Amurka, biyo bayan keta doka ta biyu na shirin USADA. An kafa shafin GoFundMe don shirya karar da aka shigar a kan USADA, duk da haka a farkon watan Fabrairu manajan Penne ya rufe shi saboda ci gaba mai kyau tare da USADA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-10 |title=Jessica Penne 'broke, defeated and heart broken,' says new 4-year USADA ban will end her career (Updated) |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2020/01/jessica-penne-broke-defeated-heart-broken-says-four-year-usada-ban-will-end-career |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Damon Martin |date=February 6, 2020 |title=Jessica Penne shuts down GoFundMe campaign, 'close' to an agreement to avoid arbitration |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/2/6/21125509/jessica-penne-shuts-down-gofundme-campaign-close-to-an-agreement-to-avoid-arbitration |publisher=mmafighting.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2020, an ba da rahoton cewa dakatarwar ta ragu daga shekaru hudu zuwa watanni 20. Dakatarwar ta kasance daga 8 ga Afrilu, 2019, kuma Penne ya cancanci sake yin yaƙi a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2020.

==== Komawa cikin gasa bayan dakatarwar ====
An shirya yakin farko na Penne bayan dakatarwar USADA a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2021, a kan Hannah Goldy a UFC 260. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-02 |title=Returning fighter Jessica Penne vs Hannah Goldy set for UFC 260 |url=https://mymmanews.com/returning-fighter-jessica-penne-vs-hannah-goldy-set-for-ufc-260/ |access-date=2021-02-03 |website=MyMMANews.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Goldy ya fice daga yakin a ranar 24 ga Maris, saboda gwajin da ya dace da COVID-19, kuma an soke wasan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adam Martin |date=2021-03-24 |title=Hannah Goldy tests positive for COVID-19, fight with Jessica Penne at UFC 260 off |url=https://www.bjpenn.com/mma-news/ufc/hannah-goldy-tests-positive-for-covid-19-fight-with-jessica-penne-at-ufc-260-off/ |access-date=2021-03-24 |publisher=Bjorne.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake tsara ma'aurata zuwa UFC a kan ESPN 22 a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Redactie |date=2021-03-24 |title=Canceled fights and substitutes for UFC 260 this Saturday |url=https://mmadna.nl/gecancelde-gevechten-en-invallers-voor-ufc-260-aankomende-zaterdag/ |access-date=2021-03-24 |website=mma.dna.nl |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mako guda kafin wasan, Goldy ta fice daga taron, kuma an maye gurbin ta da zakara na mata na LFA Lupita Godinez . &lt;ref name=&quot;Godinez vs. Penne&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hannoun |first=Farrah |date=1 April 2021 |title=LFA champ Lupita Godinez signs with UFC, meets Jessica Penne on April 17 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2021/04/lupita-godinez-vs-jessica-penne-ufc-espn-22-lfa-champion-new-contract |access-date=1 April 2021 |website=MMA Junkie}}&lt;/ref&gt; Penne ta lashe tseren ta hanyar yanke shawara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2021-04-17 |title=UFC Vegas 24 Results: After Four Years Away, Jessica Penne Returns with Win Over Lupita Godinez |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/04/17/ufc-vegas-24-results-jessica-penne-vs-lupita-godinez/ |access-date=2021-04-18 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 11 daga cikin 17 kafofin watsa labarai sun ba Godinez.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jessica Penne def. Loopy Godinez :: UFC on ESPN 22 :: MMA Decisions |url=http://www.mmadecisions.com/decision/11854/Jessica-Penne-vs-Loopy-Godinez |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425014108/http://www.mmadecisions.com/decision/11854/Jessica-Penne-vs-Loopy-Godinez |archive-date=2021-04-25 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.mmadecisions.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Penne ta fuskanci [[Karolina Kowalkiewicz]] a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 2021, a UFC 265. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DNA |first=MMA |date=2021-06-22 |title=Karolina Kowalkiewicz treft Jessica Penne op 7 augustus tijdens UFC 265 |url=https://mmadna.nl/karolina-kowalkiewicz-treft-jessica-penne-op-7-augustus-tijdens-ufc-265/ |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=MMA DNA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar sandar hannu a zagaye na farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2021-08-07 |title=UFC 265 Results: Karolina Kowalkiewicz Goes to Ground with Jessica Penne, Pays Price |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2021/08/07/ufc-265-results-karolina-kowalkiewicz-vs-jessica-penne/ |access-date=2021-08-08 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan gwagwarmayar ta sami lambar yabo ta Performance of the Night . &lt;ref name=&quot;UFC 265&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harkness |first=Ryan |date=2021-08-08 |title=UFC 265 Bonuses: Ciryl Gane Gets Surprise Extra $50k Performance Bonus |url=https://www.mmamania.com/2021/8/8/22615069/ufc-265-bonuses-penne-amongst-three-fighters-scoring-50k-performance-bonuses |access-date=2021-08-08 |website=MMAmania.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya Penne don fuskantar Luana Pinheiro a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2021, a UFC Fight Night 198 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 September 2021 |title=Luana Pinheiro enfrenta Jessica Penne no UFC em novembro |url=https://ge.globo.com/combate/noticia/luana-pinheiro-enfrenta-jessica-penne-no-ufc-em-novembro.ghtml |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=ge |language=pt-br}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya Penne ta janye daga wasan saboda dalilin da ba a bayyana ba kuma Sam Hughes ya maye gurbin ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-10 |title=With Jessica Penne out, Sam Hughes steps in against Luana Pinheiro at UFC Fight Night 198 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2021/11/ufc-fight-night-198-jessica-penne-out-sam-hughes-vs-luana-pinheiro |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake tsara Penne don fuskantar Pinheiro a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2022, a UFC a kan ESPN 35.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Guilherme |date=2022-02-07 |title=Jessica Penne vs. Luana Pinheiro back on, set for April 30 UFC event |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/2/7/22922195/jessica-penne-luana-pinheiro-back-on-april-30-ufc-event |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake soke su yayin da Pinheiro ya fice saboda rauni da ba a bayyana ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=2022-04-26 |title=Jéssica Bate-Estaca returns to strawweight at 5th in the UFC ranking and remains on the flyweight list |url=https://ge.globo.com/combate/noticia/2022/04/26/jessica-bate-estaca-retorna-ao-peso-palha-em-5-no-ranking-ufc-e-se-mantem-na-lista-dos-moscas.ghtml |access-date=2022-04-30 |publisher=ge.globo.com}} {{In lang|pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An shirya Penne don fuskantar Brianna Fortino a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2022, a UFC a kan ABC 3. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Jingliang Li faces Muslim Salikhov on July 16th |url=https://asianmma.com/jingliang-li-faces-muslim-salikhov-on-july-16th/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Asian MMA |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214130600/https://asianmma.com/jingliang-li-faces-muslim-salikhov-on-july-16th/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Fortino ya janye a farkon Yuni saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba kuma Emily Ducote ta maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ducote&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2022-06-02 |title=Invicta FC champion Emily Ducote signs with UFC, fights Jessica Penne on Long Island |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/06/ufc-news-emily-ducote-invicta-fc-champ-signs-vs-jessica-penne-long-island |access-date=2022-06-02 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bitter |first=Shawn |date=2022-07-16 |title=UFC Long Island: Emily Ducote Wins Promotional Debut Against Former Title Challenger Jessica Penne |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/07/16/ufc-long-island-emily-ducote-vs-jessica-penne/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cheyanne Vlismas an shirya shi don fuskantar Tabatha Ricci, amma Penne ya maye gurbin Vlismas, wanda ya fice a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2022, a UFC Fight Night 211, &lt;ref name=&quot;PenneIn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Farah Hannoun |date=2022-08-29 |title=With Cheyanne Vlismas out, Jessica Penne stepped in to face Tabatha Ricci at UFC Fight Night 211 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/08/jessica-penne-vs-tabatha-ricci-ufc-fight-night-211-cheyanne-vlismas-out-women-mma-matchup-booking |access-date=2022-08-29 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; duk da haka an soke yakin saboda rashin lafiya tare da Penne a ranar auna. 

Penne ta fuskanci Tabatha Ricci a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2023, a UFC 285. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2022-11-24 |title=UFC books Jessica Penne vs. Tabatha Ricci for March 4 event |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/11/ufc-books-jessica-penne-vs-tabatha-ricci-march-4 |access-date=2022-11-24 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar armbar a zagaye na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2023-03-04 |title=UFC 285: Tabatha Ricci Puts on Dominant Showing, Submits Jessica Penne |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/03/04/ufc-285-jessica-penne-vs-tabatha-ricci/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Penne ta shirya fuskantar tsohuwar Cage Fury FC Women's Strawweight Champion Elise Reed a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2024 a UFC Fight Night 245. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Drake Riggs |date=2024-08-08 |title=Morning Report: Arman Tsarukyan says 'next fight will be only for the belt,' even if it's interim - Fight Announcements |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2024/8/8/24215139/morning-report-arman-tsarukyan-says-next-fight-will-be-only-for-the-belt-even-if-its-interim-ufc |access-date=2024-08-08 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hanyar gwagwarmaya ==
Penne dan wasan kickboxer ne wanda kuma ke amfani da grappling da jiu-jitsu .  Yayinda take tsaye, sau da yawa tana kai farmaki da ƙugiyoyi, kicks na jiki, da gwiwoyi daga clinch. Penne a kai a kai yana ƙoƙari ya kai abokan adawar zuwa mat, yawanci tare da clinches, tafiye-tafiye, ko sake fasalin takedown.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ifive&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Isix&quot; /&gt; A lokacin da ake yin gwagwarmaya, yawanci za ta kai farmaki tare da bugawa kafin ta yi ƙoƙari ta miƙa wuya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ifive&quot; /&gt; Penne ta sami baƙar fata a cikin jiu-jitsu na Brazil a ƙarƙashin Lucas Leite a watan Janairun 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;WBBJJ News&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=WBBJJ |date=20 January 2015 |title=UFC Fighter Jessica Penne Promoted to Black Belt |url=http://wbbjj.com/ufc-fighter-jessica-penne-promoted-black-belt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128205733/http://wbbjj.com/ufc-fighter-jessica-penne-promoted-black-belt/ |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=19 January 2016 |website=wbbjj.com |publisher=WBBJJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu ==

=== Mixed martial arts ===

* '''Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe'''
** Yakin Dare (sau biyu) da Randa Markos da Joanna Jedrzejczyk{{Small|vs. [[Randa Markos]] and [[Joanna Jedrzejczyk]]}}
** Ayyukan Dare (Wata lokaci) {{Small|vs. [[Karolina Kowalkiewicz]]}} &lt;ref name=&quot;UFC 265&quot;/&gt;
* '''Gasar Gwagwarmayar Invicta'''
** Gasar Atomweight (A lokaci guda; na farko) 
** ''Bayyanawa da Dare'' (Wata lokaci) 
* '''Gasar Gwagwarmayar Bellator'''
** Ta yi gasa kuma ta lashe gwagwarmayar mata ta farko a tarihin Bellator a Bellator 5Mai faɗakarwa 5
* '''Kyautar MMA ta Mata'''
** 2013 Yakin Shekara vs. Michelle Waterson a ranar 5 ga Afrilu
* '''FightBooth.com'''
** Kyautar Mataimakin 2012 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Lady Violence 2012: Jessica Penne |url=http://fightbooth.com/lady-violence-2012-jessica-penne/ |access-date=2015-10-14 |publisher=fightbooth}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubucen zane-zane ==
{{MMArecordbox|ko-wins=2|sub-wins=8|dec-wins=4|ko-losses=2|sub-losses=2|dec-losses=3}}{{MMA record start}}
|-
|{{No2}}Loss
|align=center|14–7
|[[Tabatha Ricci]]
|Submission (armbar)
|[[UFC 285]]
|{{dts|2023|March|04}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:14
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{No2}}Loss
|align=center|14–6
|[[Emily Ducote]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC on ABC: Ortega vs. Rodríguez]]
|{{dts|2022|July|16}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Elmont, New York]], United States
|
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|14–5
|[[Karolina Kowalkiewicz]]
|Submission (armbar)
|[[UFC 265]] 
|{{dts|2021|August|7}}
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:32
|[[Houston, Texas]], United States
|{{Small|Performance of the Night.}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|13–5
|[[Lupita Godinez]]
|Decision (split)
|[[UFC on ESPN: Whittaker vs. Gastelum]]
|{{dts|2021|April|17}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|
|-
|{{No2}}Loss
|align=center|12–5
|[[Danielle Taylor (fighter)|Danielle Taylor]]
|Decision (unanimous)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Swanson vs. Lobov]]
|{{dts|2017|April|22}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|[[Nashville, Tennessee]], United States
|
|-
|{{No2}}Loss
|align=center|12–4
|[[Jéssica Andrade]]
|TKO (punches)
|[[UFC 199]]
|{{dts|2016|June|4}}
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:56
|[[Inglewood, California]], United States
|
|-
|{{No2}}Loss
|align=center|12–3
|[[Joanna Jędrzejczyk]]
|TKO (punches and knee)
|[[UFC Fight Night: Jędrzejczyk vs. Penne]]
|{{dts|2015|June|20}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|4:22
|[[Berlin]], Germany
|{{Small|For the [[List of UFC Champions#Women's Strawweight Championship|UFC Women's Strawweight Championship]]. Fight of the Night.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 12–2
| [[Randa Markos]]
| Decision (split)
| [[The Ultimate Fighter: A Champion Will Be Crowned Finale]]
| {{dts|2014|December|12}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|{{Small|Return to Strawweight. Fight of the Night.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 11–2
| [[Nicdali Rivera-Calanoc]]
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| [[Invicta FC: Coenen vs. Cyborg|Invicta FC 6: Coenen vs. Cyborg]]
| {{dts|2013|July|13}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:57
| [[Kansas City, Missouri]], United States
| {{Small|Submission of the Night.}}
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
|align=center| 10–2
| [[Michelle Waterson]]
| Submission (armbar)
| [[Invicta FC: Penne vs. Waterson|Invicta FC 5: Penne vs. Waterson]]
| {{dts|2013|April|5}}
|align=center| 4
|align=center| 2:31
| [[Kansas City, Missouri]], United States
| {{Small|Lost the [[Invicta Fighting Championships#Atomweight Championship|Invicta FC Atomweight Championship]].}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 10–1
| [[Naho Sugiyama]]
| Submission (triangle choke)
| [[Invicta FC: Penne vs. Sugiyama|Invicta FC 3: Penne vs. Sugiyama]]
| {{dts|2012|October|6}}
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 2:20
| [[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States
| {{Small|Won the [[Invicta Fighting Championships#Atomweight Championship|Invicta FC Atomweight Championship]].}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 9–1
| [[Lisa Ellis (fighter)|Lisa Ellis]]
| TKO (punches)
| [[Invicta FC: Coenen vs. Ruyssen|Invicta FC 1: Coenen vs. Ruyssen]]
| {{dts|2012|April|28}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 2:48
| [[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 8–1
| Amy Davis
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| The Cage Inc.: Battle at the Border 7
| {{dts|2010|November|19}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:17
| [[Hankinson, North Dakota]], United States
| {{Small|Atomweight debut.}}
|-
| {{No2}}Loss
| align=center| 7–1
| [[Zoila Frausto]]
| Decision (unanimous)
| [[Bellator 25]]
| {{dts|2010|August|19}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Chicago, Illinois]], United States
|{{Small|Bellator Season 3 Strawweight Tournament Quarterfinal.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 7–0
| [[Angela Magaña]]
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Action Fight League: Rock-N-Rumble
| {{dts|2009|September|25}}
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:10
| [[Hollywood, Florida]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 6–0
| Tammie Schneider
| TKO (punches)
| [[Bellator 5]]
| {{dts|2009|May|1}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:35
| [[Dayton, Ohio]], United States
|{{Small|Catchweight (117 lb) bout.}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 5–0
| Alicia Gumm
| Decision (unanimous)
| RMBB: Caged Vengeance
| {{dts|2008|November|8}}
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| [[Sheridan, Colorado]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4–0
| Heather Basquil
| Decision (unanimous)
| Fist Series: WinterFist 2008
| {{dts|2008|February|20}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:00
| [[Orange County, California]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 3–0
| [[Sumie Sakai]]
| Submission (armbar)
| FFF 2: Girls Night Out
| {{dts|2007|July|14}}
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 0:33
| [[Compton, California]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Brandy Nerney
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| FFF 1: Asian Invasion
| {{dts|2007|February|17}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:20
| [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], United States
| 
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Sally Krumdiack
| Submission (arm-triangle choke)
| HOOKnSHOOT: The Women Return
| {{dts|2006|November|18}}
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:20
| [[Evansville|Evansville, Indiana]], United States
| 
{{End}}{{MMA exhibition record box|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=|ko-losses=|sub-wins=1|sub-losses=|dec-wins=1|dec-losses=1|dq-wins=|dq-losses=|other-wins=|other-losses=}}{{MMA record start}}
|-
|{{no2}}Loss
|align=center|2–1
| [[Carla Esparza]]
| Decision (unanimous) 
| rowspan=3|[[The Ultimate Fighter: A Champion Will Be Crowned]]
|{{dts|2014|December|10}} (airdate)
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|rowspan=3|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States
|{{Small|[[TUF 20]] Semifinal round}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|2–0
| [[Aisling Daly]]
| Decision (unanimous) 
|{{dts|2014|November|26}} (airdate)
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|{{Small|[[TUF 20]] Quarterfinal round}}
|-
|{{yes2}}Win
|align=center|1–0
| [[Lisa Ellis (fighter)|Lisa Ellis]]
| Submission (rear-naked choke) 
|{{dts|2014|September|24}} (airdate)
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:46
|{{Small|[[TUF 20]] Elimination round}}
{{End}}

== Rubuce-rubucen dambe ==
{{MMA record start}}
|-
| {{yes2}}Win
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 1–0
| [[Rena Kubota]]
| Decision (majority)
| [[Shoot boxing|Shoot Boxing 2011: Act 4]]
| {{dts|2011|September|10}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 5 (Ex.2)
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3:00
| [[Koto, Tokyo]], Japan
| 
|-
{{End}}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin mayakan UFC na yanzu
* Jerin mata masu zane-zane

== manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* Jessica PenneaUFC
* Professional MMA record for Jessica PennedagaSherdog
{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{Succession box|title=1st [[Invicta FC#Atomweight Championship|Invicta FC Atomweight Champion]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>fjegye0z366io79gs0z2387ur9iztch</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tashin hankali a africa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>86640</id>
    <revision>
      <id>970982</id>
      <parentid>619425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:36:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andre Engels</username>
        <id>71</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>970982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2281" sha1="lkmyi5hie7u19ldl292n7i0t16iazuk" xml:space="preserve">{{merge|Sadaukarwa a Afirka}}
==Tashin Hankali a Africa ==
==Tarihi==
'''Tashin hankali''': wanda kuma aka sani da cicatrization a cikin ayyukan Turawa, wani lokaci ana hada shi a cikin nau'in tattooing, saboda ayyukan biyun da ke haifar da alamomi tare da launi a kasa da laushi ko launuka a saman fata. A Afirka, gwamnatocin Turawan mulkin mallaka da ’yan mishan na Kirista na Turai sun zargi al’adunsu na yin jarfa da tabo; saboda haka, ayyukan sun ragu, sun kare, ko kuma ana ci gaba da yin su azaman ayyukan juriya.

== North Africa ==
Tsakanin 5000 KZ da 4000 KZ, al'ummomin makiyaya daga Sahara sun kasance yankin Neolithic Masar da Neolithic Sudan.[3] A cikin wannan al'adar kayan tarihi na yankin Kogin Nilu, an samo siffofi masu alama, wanda ke nuna cewa tattoo da scarification na iya zama al'adun gargajiya a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomin makiyaya.

== Algeria ==
A lokacin farkon lokacin Holocene (9500 BP - 7500 BP), An kirkiri zane-zane na Round Head a Tassili N'Ajjer, a Aljeriya, da kuma Tadrart Acacus, a Libya, 70% wanda ya kunshi na siffofin fasaha na anthropomorphic; Siffofin zane-zane na maza da na mata suna da alamun scarification wadanda suka bambanta; Tsarin zane na layi na keance ga nau'ikan fasaha na maza, yayin da, tsarin ƙirar wata mai siffar jinjini da mai da'irar da'ira ba su kebanta da nau'ikan fasahar mata.[7] Tsakanin karni na 5 KZ da 4th millennium KZ, zane-zanen dutsen dutsen tsakiyar Saharan na tsakiyar sahara na zanen mace mai gudu mai kaho, wanda wata ila allahiya ce ko kuma mai rawa[4] tare da alamun tabo jiki (misali, nono, ciki, cinyoyi, kafadu, kafadu, maruka), [5] ’yan Afirka ne suka kirkira su, a lokacin Zagaye na Shugaban [6] [4] na Tassili N'Ajjer, a Tanzoumaitak, Algeria.

==Manazarta==
&lt;ref&gt;Lee, Raymond L.; Fraser, Alistair B. (2001). &quot;Gadar zuwa ga Ubangiji&quot;. Gadar Bakan gizo: Rainbows a Art, Myth, da Kimiyya. Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania Press. shafi na 14-15. Bibcode:2001rbra.littafi.....L. ISBN 0-271-01977-8.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Keenan, Jeremy H (2002). &quot;Kananan alloli na Sahara&quot;. Jama'a Archaeology. 2 (3): 138. doi:10.1179/pua.2002.2.3.131. Saukewa: S2CID140954728.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;Soukopova, Jitka (2019). &quot;Mata da al'adun gargajiya a cikin Round head rock art of the Sahara&quot;. Magana (26): 54. ISSN 2499-1341.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>Horarwa da cin gaba</title>
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'''Horarwa da ci gaba''' sun haɗa da inganta tasirin kungiyoyi da mutane da ƙungiyoyi a cikinsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aguinis |first=Herman |last2=Kraiger |first2=Kurt |date=January 2009 |title=Benefits of Training and Development for Individuals and Teams, Organizations, and Society |journal=[[Annual Review of Psychology]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=451–474 |doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163505 |issn=0066-4308 |pmid=18976113 |s2cid=45609735}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya kallon horo a matsayin wanda ke da alaƙa da canje-canje na gaggawa a cikin tasiri ta hanyar umarni mai tsari, yayin da ci gaba ke da alaƙar ci gaban burin ƙungiyoyi da ma'aikata na dogon lokaci. Duk da yake horo da ci gaba suna da ma'anoni daban-daban, ana amfani da kalmomin sau da yawa. Horarwa da ci gaba a tarihi sun kasance batutuwa a cikin ilimin manya da ilimin halayyar mutum, amma a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata sun kasance suna da alaƙa da kula da albarkatun ɗan adam, Gudanar da baiwa, ci gaban albarkatun bil'adama, ƙirar koyarwa, Abubuwan ɗan adam, da gudanar da ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Horar da ƙwarewa ya ɗauki nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a duk faɗin tattalin arzikin masana'antu. Jamus tana da tsarin Horar da sana'a mai zurfi, yayin da Amurka da Ingila ana ɗaukar su da marasa ƙarfi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Abubuwan horo da ci gaba an haɗa su da wayewar zamani a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alagaraja |first=Meera |last2=Dooley |first2=Larry M. |date=March 2003 |title=Origins and Historical Influences on Human Resource Development: A Global Perspective |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1534484303251170 |journal=Human Resource Development Review |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=82–96 |doi=10.1177/1534484303251170 |issn=1534-4843 |s2cid=143353567}}&lt;/ref&gt; Labaran da suka shafi horo na farko sun bayyana a cikin mujallu da aka tallata ga bayi a Antebellum ta Kudu  kuma Booker T. Washington ya tattauna hanyoyin horo da falsafanci sosai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Lisa |date=2013-03-08 |title=David R. Roediger and Esch Elizabeth. The Production of Difference. Race and the Management of Labor in US History. Oxford University Press, Oxford [etc.]2012. x, 286 pp. Ill. £22.50. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-review-of-social-history_2013-04_58_1/page/129 |journal=International Review of Social History |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=129–131 |doi=10.1017/s0020859013000059 |issn=0020-8590 |s2cid=144977591 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rubutun ilimi na farko da ke da alaƙa da horo ya haɗa da labarin 1918 a cikin Journal of Applied Psychology, wanda ya bincika tsarin karatun digiri na farko da aka tsara don masu amfani da halayyar dan adam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bell |first=Bradford S. |last2=Tannenbaum |first2=Scott I. |last3=Ford |first3=J. Kevin |last4=Noe |first4=Raymond A. |last5=Kraiger |first5=Kurt |date=2017 |title=100 years of training and development research: What we know and where we should go. |url=https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2306&amp;context=articles |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=305–323 |doi=10.1037/apl0000142 |issn=1939-1854 |pmid=28125262 |s2cid=26505012 |hdl-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505122435/https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2306&amp;context=articles |archive-date=2020-05-05 |access-date=2024-11-23 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarun 1960 da 70, filin ya fara bunkasa ka'idoji da gudanar da bincike na ka'idojin tun lokacin da aka samo asali ne a cikin bincike na gwaji da kuskure, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; kuma an haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin horo, kamar amfani da kwamfutoci, talabijin, nazarin shari'a, da rawar da ake takawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=J P |date=January 1971 |title=Personnel Training and Development |journal=[[Annual Review of Psychology]] |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=565–602 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ps.22.020171.003025 |issn=0066-4308}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, iyakar horo da ci gaba sun fadada don haɗawa da horar da al'adu, mai da hankali kan ci gaban kowane ma'aikaci, da kuma amfani da sabbin wallafe-wallafen ci gaban kungiyar don tsara shirye-shiryen horo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Shekaru na 1980 sun mayar da hankali kan yadda ma'aikata suka karɓa da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen horo, kuma sun karfafa tattara bayanai don dalilai na kimantawa, musamman shirye-shirye na horo na gudanarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burke |first=Michael J. |last2=Day |first2=Russell R. |date=1986 |title=A cumulative study of the effectiveness of managerial training. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-psychology_1986-05_71_2/page/232 |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=232–245 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.232 |issn=0021-9010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ci gaban horo da ci gaba ya zama sananne a cikin 90s, tare da ma'aikata da yawa suna rinjayar ra'ayin ilmantarwa na rayuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Birdi |first=Kamal |last2=Allan |first2=Catriona |last3=Warr |first3=Peter |date=1997 |title=Correlates and perceived outcomes of 4 types of employee development activity. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-psychology_1997-12_82_6/page/845 |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=82 |issue=6 |pages=845–857 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.845 |issn=0021-9010 |pmid=9638086}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan shekaru goma ne aka fara gudanar da bincike wanda ya nuna tasirin da muhimmancin inganta horo da al'adun ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Karni na 21 ya kawo ƙarin bincike a cikin batutuwa kamar horar da ƙungiya, kamar horarwar giciye, wanda ke jaddada horo a cikin alhakin abokan aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Marks |first=Michelle A. |last2=Sabella |first2=Mark J. |last3=Burke |first3=C. Shawn |last4=Zaccaro |first4=Stephen J. |date=2002 |title=The impact of cross-training on team effectiveness. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-psychology_2002-02_87_1/page/n4 |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=3–13 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.3 |issn=0021-9010 |pmid=11916213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan horo da hanyoyin ==
Horarwa da ci gaba sun ƙunshi manyan ayyuka guda uku: horo, ilimi, da ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IITD&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya amfani da matakai daban-daban da nau'ikan ci gaba dangane da matsayin ma'aikata a cikin ƙungiya.

&quot;Masu shiga tsakani&quot; a cikin horo da ci gaba an rarraba su cikin aji da yawa. Masu tallafawa horo da ci gaba sune manyan manajoji, kuma manajojin layi suna da alhakin horarwa, albarkatu, da aiki. Abokan ciniki na horo da ci gaba sune masu tsara kasuwanci, yayin da mahalarta su ne waɗanda ke fuskantar matakai. Masu ba da gudummawa sune ma'aikatan kula da albarkatun ɗan adam kuma masu ba da gudana ƙwararru ne a fagen. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi yana da nasa ajanda da kuma motsawa, wanda wani lokacin yakan saɓa da wasu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga shekarun 2000, horo ya zama mai mayar da hankali ga mai horarwa, wanda ke ba wa waɗanda ake horar da su damar samun sassauci da damar ilmantarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bell 2008 296–316&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bell |first=Bradford S. |last2=Kozlowski |first2=Steve W. J. |date=2008 |title=Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability. |url=https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1417&amp;context=articles |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=296–316 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.296 |issn=1939-1854 |pmid=18361633 |hdl-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822165133/https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1417&amp;context=articles |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2024-11-23 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan dabarun ilmantarwa masu aiki sun haɗa da ilmantarwa na bincike / ganowa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Bell 2008 296–316&quot; /&gt; horo na sarrafa kuskure, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McDaniel |first=Mark A. |last2=Schlager |first2=Mark S. |date=June 1990 |title=Discovery Learning and Transfer of Problem-Solving Skills |journal=Cognition and Instruction |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=129–159 |doi=10.1207/s1532690xci0702_3 |issn=0737-0008}}&lt;/ref&gt; shiryar da bincike, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Keith |first=Nina |last2=Frese |first2=Michael |date=2005 |title=Self-Regulation in Error Management Training: Emotion Control and Metacognition as Mediators of Performance Effects. |url=http://fox.leuphana.de/portal/de/publications/selfregulation-in-error-management-training-emotion-control-and-metacognition-as-mediators-of-performance-effects(82a4fe6d-6219-40a6-abe7-fc21f6d2bbad).html |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=677–691 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.677 |issn=1939-1854 |pmid=16060786}}&lt;/ref&gt; da horar da gwaninta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=Robert |last2=Kakebeeke |first2=Bastiaan |last3=Debowski |first3=Shelda |last4=Frese |first4=Michael |date=April 2000 |title=The Impact of Enactive Exploration on Intrinsic Motivation, Strategy, and Performance in Electronic Search |journal=Applied Psychology |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=263–283 |doi=10.1111/1464-0597.00014 |issn=0269-994X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyuka na al'ada a fagen sun haɗa da ci gaban zartarwa da kulawa / gudanarwa, sabon tsarin ma'aikaci, horar da ƙwarewar ƙwarewa, horarwar fasaha / aiki, horar na sabis na abokin ciniki, horarwa da tallace-tallace, da horar da lafiya da aminci. Horarwa tana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu aminci, waɗanda suka dogara da ƙa'idodin tsaro masu ƙarfi don hana lalacewar bala'i ga ma'aikata, kayan aiki, ko muhalli (misali tashoshin wutar lantarki na nukiliya da ɗakunan aiki). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Karlene H. |date=July 1990 |title=Managing High Reliability Organizations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_california-management-review_summer-1990_32_4/page/101 |journal=California Management Review |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=101–113 |doi=10.2307/41166631 |issn=0008-1256 |jstor=41166631 |s2cid=154274951}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana amfani da tsarin ƙirar tsarin koyarwa (sau da yawa ana kiransa samfurin ADDIE) don tsara shirye-shiryen ilmantarwa kuma ana amfani da shi don ƙirar koyarwa, ko tsarin tsarawa, haɓaka, da isar da abubuwan ilmantarwa. Akwai matakai 5 a cikin samfurin ADDIE: &lt;ref name=&quot;digitalhrtech.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-02 |title=The ADDIE Model for Instructional Design Explained |url=https://www.digitalhrtech.com/addie-model/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=AIHR Digital |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Binciken buƙatu: gano matsalar. Binciken bukatun horo, ƙaddamar da masu sauraro, gano bukatun masu ruwa da tsaki da albarkatun da ake buƙata
# Tsarin shirin: taswirar shigar da ilmantarwa / aiwatar da tsarin da hanyoyin kimantawa
# Ci gaban shirin: hanyar isar da shi, samar da sakamakon ilmantarwa, kimantawa mai inganci na sakamakon ilmantarw, ci gaban dabarun sadarwa, fasahar da ake buƙata, da kimantawa da kayan aikin kimantawa
# Gudanar da horo da aiwatarwa: shiga cikin shirye-shiryen gefe, bayar da horo, shiga cikin ilmantarwa, da kimantawa na kasuwanci
# Binciken horo: kimantawa na yau da kullun, gami da kimantawa da ilmantarwa da abubuwan da za a iya ingantawa

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na horo a yau, gami da hanyoyin aiki da na waje.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2020}}Sauran hanyoyin horo na iya haɗawa da:

* Horar da koyon aiki: horar da ma'aikaci da ke shiga sana'o'i masu ƙwarewa ana ba shi cikakken umarni da gogewa a ciki da waje da aiki a fannoni masu amfani da ka'idojin aikin 
* Shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa da shirye-shiryen horarwa: shirye-shirye na horo waɗanda suka haɗu da ƙwarewar aiki tare da ilimi na yau da kullun, kuma galibi ana bayar da su a kwalejoji da jami'o'i 
* Koyarwar aji: ana gabatar da bayanai a cikin laccoci, zanga-zangar, fina-finai, da bidiyo ko ta hanyar umarnin kwamfuta &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
* Koyon kai tsaye: mutane suna aiki a nasu saurin yayin koyarwar da aka tsara, wanda zai iya haɗawa da littattafai, littattafai, ko kwamfutoci waɗanda ke rushe abubuwan da ke cikin batun a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka tsara sosai waɗanda ke buƙatar amsawa ta ci gaba a ɓangaren mai horarwa. Sau da yawa ya haɗa da amfani da kwamfuta da / ko albarkatun kan layi.
* Audiovisual: hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don koyar da ƙwarewa da hanyoyin da ake buƙata don ayyuka da yawa ta hanyar audiovisual &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Simulation: amfani lokacin da ba shi da amfani ko aminci don horar da mutane a kan ainihin kayan aiki ko a cikin ainihin yanayin aiki &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Akwai muhimmancin horo yayin da yake shirya ma'aikata don nauyin aiki mafi girma, yana nuna ma'aikata cewa suna da daraja, yana inganta tsarin IT da kwamfuta, da kuma gwada ingancin sabon tsarin gudanar da aiki. Koyaya, wasu [waɗanda?] sun yi imanin cewa horo yana ɓata lokaci da kuɗi saboda, a wasu lokuta, ainihin rayuwar rayuwa na iya zama mafi kyau fiye da ilimi, kuma ƙungiyoyi suna so su kashe ƙasa, ba fiye ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Say |first=My |title=Why Your Employee Training Is A Waste Of Time And Money -- And What To Do About It |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/groupthink/2015/08/30/why-your-employee-training-is-a-waste-of-time-and-money-and-what-to-do-about-it/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
==manazarta==
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Imamuzzaman Chowdhury</title>
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'''Imamuzzaman Chowdhury''', Bir Bikram Manjo Janar ne na sojan kasar Bangladesh mai ritaya wanda ya taka rawar gani wajen hana yunƙurin juyin mulkin Bangladesh a shekarar 1996 .

== Sana'a ==
Chowdhury ya yi yakin 'yantar da Bangladesh a matsayin Laftanar. &lt;ref name=&quot;wlt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=War of Liberation, The |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=War_of_Liberation,_The |access-date=1 May 2019 |website=en.banglapedia.org |publisher=Banglapedia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201163536/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=War_of_Liberation,_The |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi kyautar Bir Bikrom saboda rawar da ya taka a yakin. 

Chowdhury ya yi aiki da Babban Jami'in Ma'aikata ga Firayim Minista na Bangladesh. &lt;ref name=&quot;bcic&quot; /&gt; Ya hana yunkurin sojojin mutanga zuwa Dhaka, wanda ya kai ga gazawar yunkurin juyin mulkin kasar Bangladesh na Shekaran 1996 .  Ya yi ritaya daga Sojan kasar Bangladesh a Shekaran 2001. 

An nada Chowdhury a matsayin Shugaban Kamfanin Masana'antar Sinadarai na Bangladesh, kamfani mallakar gwamnati, a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2003 akan kwangilar shekaru uku.  A lokacin da yake shugabantar ne aka kwato manyan motoci guda 10 da harsasai daga jetty na Chittagong Urea Fertiliser Limited, wani reshen kamfanin masana'antar sinadarai na kasar Bangladesh.  Ya yi Shugabanci har zuwa Nuwamba 2006 lokacin da gwamnati ta kore shi daga aiki. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isaac Okoro</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="20415" sha1="phqk6733t11rg77tcuvrw7a2he8nf6q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Isaac Nnamdi Okoro''' ( /ə ˈk ɔːr oʊ / ə-KOR -oh ;  an haife shi a watan Janairu 26, 2001) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Draft Prospect &amp;#124; Isaac Okoro |url=https://www.nba.com/draft/2020/prospects/isaac-okoro |access-date=September 16, 2024 |website=NBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ƙwararren ɗan Amurka ne na Cleveland Cavaliers na Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Ya buga wasan kwando na kwaleji don Auburn Tigers . An jera a {{Convert|6|ft|5|in|m|2}} da {{Convert|225|lb|0}}, yana buga ƙaramin matsayi na gaba .

Okoro ya buga wasan kwallon kwando a makarantar sakandare ta McEachern da ke [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Jojiya]] tsawon shekaru huɗu, inda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta lashe gasar jihar da kuma samun nasarar kasa a babban kakarsa. Rivals sun dauke shi a matsayin mai daukar taurari biyar da kuma tauraro hudu ta 247Sports da ESPN . Bayan kakar karatun sa na kwaleji a Auburn, an ba shi suna zuwa ƙungiyar ta biyu All-SEC.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Okoro a [[Atlanta]], Georgia ga iyayen Najeriya kuma ya girma a cikin metro Atlanta . Mahaifinsa, Godwin, ya yi hijira daga [[Najeriya]] a shekarun 1980. Mahaifiyarsa, Gloria, ita ma 'yar Najeriya ce. &lt;ref name=&quot;2019hoopsummit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Givony |first=Jonathan |date=April 11, 2019 |title=Isaac Okoro: 2019 Hoop Summit Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo4xHsN9bTk |access-date=April 11, 2019 |website=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoro ya fara buga kwallon kwando ne a gasar lig din cocin karamar hukumarsa. Lokacin da yake kusan shekaru bakwai zuwa takwas, ya fara horo a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kocin Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) Omar Cooper, mahaifin abokin wasansa na gaba, [[Sharife Cooper]] . Ya buga wa AOT Running Rebels na kewayen Nike EYBL. &lt;ref name=&quot;scarborough&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Scarborough |first=Alex |date=February 12, 2020 |title=Auburn back to the Final Four? Only if Isaac Okoro gets selfish |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/28679298 |access-date=February 21, 2020 |website=[[ESPN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin makarantar sakandare ==
Okoro ya buga wasan kwando na sakandare don makarantar sakandare ta McEachern a Powder Springs, Jojiya . A cikin sabon kakarsa, ya sami matsakaicin maki 15 da sake dawowa takwas a kowane wasa, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta lashe taken yanki kuma ta kai ga matakin Kwata-kwata na Jiha na Sakandare na 7A. &lt;ref name=&quot;mdj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2016 |title=Three games into young season shows McEachern is ready to play |url=https://www.mdjonline.com/sports/three-games-into-young-season-shows-mceachern-is-ready-to/article_1305432c-bdb9-11e6-a4ba-7f8e52d7ce3f.html |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[Marietta Daily Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;usa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2019 |title=Isaac Okoro |url=https://www.usab.com/basketball/players/mens/o/okoro-isaac.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728221725/https://www.usab.com/basketball/players/mens/o/okoro-isaac.aspx |archive-date=July 28, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=[[USA Basketball]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinsa na biyu, Okoro ya sami maki 22.5 a kowane wasa, wanda ya jagoranci McEachern zuwa gasar yanki da matakin wasan kusa da na karshe na Class 7A. &lt;ref name=&quot;usa&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;halley&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Halley |first=Jim |date=November 14, 2017 |title=Super 25 Preseason Boys Basketball: No. 9 McEachern |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2017/super-25-preseason-boys-basketball-no-9-mceachern |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=USA Today High School Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sami ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' Class 7A All-State team na biyu da MaxPreps Sophomore All-American na uku tawagar girmamawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;holcomb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holcomb |first=Todd |date=March 31, 2017 |title=AJC boys All-State basketball teams |url=https://www.ajc.com/sports/high-school/ajc-boys-all-state-basketball-teams/IsgBpoQZlMimxgUllGmpYJ/ |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;maxpreps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2017 |title=2016–17 MaxPreps Boys Basketball Sophomore All-American Team |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/MsrjHfTvwUaObsbpYQ-lYg/2016-17-maxpreps-boys-basketball-sophomore-all-american-team.htm |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=[[MaxPreps]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasansa na karami, Okoro ya samu maki 20.3 da maki 6.4 a kowane wasa, wanda ya taimaka wa McEachern ya kai ga matakin kwata-kwata na jihar Class 7A. &lt;ref name=&quot;hilbert&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hilbert |first=Evan |date=April 16, 2018 |title=2017–18 ALL-USA Georgia Boys Basketball Team |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2018/2017-18-all-usa-georgia-boys-basketball-team |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=USA Today High School Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;white&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=White |first=Carlton |date=February 28, 2018 |title=McEachern boys' championship hopes dashed by Norcross in quarterfinals |url=https://www.mdjonline.com/sports/mceachern-boys-championship-hopes-dashed-by-norcross-in-quarterfinals/article_4e034898-1cfe-11e8-b57f-738010d94196.html |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[Marietta Daily Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna ga ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' Class 7A All-state first team da ''USA Today'' All-USA Jojiya tawagar farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;hilbert&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;holcomb2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holcomb |first=Todd |last2=Saye |first2=Chip |date=March 29, 2018 |title=High school basketball: Boys, girls all-state teams |url=https://www.ajc.com/sports/high-school/all-state-team/kOaIFEHMZoDa7XxKz8QIMO/ |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin kashe-kashe, Okoro ya samu nasara a Gasar Kwando ta Matasa ta Nike Elite, fitaccen mai son da’ira, tare da ‘yan wasa na gobe. &lt;ref name=&quot;smith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Cam |date=May 29, 2018 |title=Isaac Okoro has been on a Nike EYBL tear, and his athleticism should have teams on notice |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2018/video-isaac-okoro-has-been-on-a-nike-eybl-tear-and-his-athleticism-should-have-teams-on-notice |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=USA Today High School Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kakar wasansa na farko, Okoro ya samu maki 19.7, ya ci 10.6, ya taimaka 3.2 da sata 2.7 a kowane wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;divens&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Divens |first=Jordan |date=April 11, 2019 |title=MaxPreps 2018–19 High School Boys Basketball All-American Team |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/mdbwDYCSa02E7-TpRc5Gmg/maxpreps-2018-19-high-school-boys-basketball-all-american-team.htm |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=[[MaxPreps]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya jagoranci McEachern zuwa lakabi a Birnin dabino Classic da gasar zakarun Turai. &lt;ref name=&quot;zagoria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zagoria |first=Adam |date=December 22, 2018 |title=Sharife Cooper, Isaac Okoro lead McEachern to City of Palms title |url=https://www.zagsblog.com/2018/12/22/sharife-cooper-isaac-okoro-lead-mceachern-to-city-of-palms-title/ |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=Zagsblog}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;wheeler&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wheeler |first=Wyatt D. |date=January 20, 2019 |title=Hot takes from a thrilling championship night at the 2019 Bass Pro Tournament of Champions |url=https://www.news-leader.com/story/sports/high-school/2019/01/20/2019-bass-pro-tournament-champions-mceachern-springfield-shadow-mountain-mike-bibby-james-wiseman/2626018002/ |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[Springfield News-Leader]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyarsa ta ƙare kakar wasa ta yau da kullum tare da rikodin 32-0, ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ba ta ci nasara ba a cikin mafi girma na Georgia tun 1995 kuma ta karbi matsayi {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 1 na kasa daga shafukan yanar gizo da yawa, ciki har da MaxPreps. &lt;ref name=&quot;holcomb3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holcomb |first=Todd |date=March 12, 2019 |title=AAAAAAA basketball blog: McEachern, Westlake finish unbeaten, nationally ranked |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/high-school-sports/aaaaaaa-basketball-blog-mceachern-westlake-finish-unbeaten-nationally-ranked/xC00FOEfhm6RguahaYHm0H/ |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoro ya samu maki 16 wanda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta lashe gasar ajin 7A na farko a jihar. &lt;ref name=&quot;divens2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Divens |first=Jordan |date=March 9, 2019 |title=No. 1 McEachern continues magical year capturing first Georgia state title |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/news/dcW94HWW60KlfyOTMgMRng/no-1-mceachern-continues-magical-year-capturing-first-georgia-state-title.htm |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=[[MaxPreps]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya raba ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'' jihar mafi mahimmancin ɗan wasa fitarwa tare da abokin wasansa [[Sharife Cooper]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;saye&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saye |first=Chip |date=May 30, 2019 |title=2018–19 High school Player of the Year winners |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/high-school-sports/2018-high-school-player-the-year-winners/jPr03uhu7kGiDNFOjlzbeL/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728221650/https://www.ajc.com/blog/high-school-sports/2018-high-school-player-the-year-winners/jPr03uhu7kGiDNFOjlzbeL/ |archive-date=July 28, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=[[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An nada Okoro zuwa ga kungiyar MaxPreps Duk-Amurka ta biyu da kuma ''USA Today'' All-USA Georgia ta farko. &lt;ref name=&quot;divens&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2019 |title=2018–19 ALL-USA Georgia Boys Basketball Team |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2019/2018-19-all-usa-georgia-boys-basketball-team |access-date=July 27, 2019 |website=USA Today High School Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2019, Okoro ya fafata a babban taron Nike Hoop, wasan taurarin duniya duka . &lt;ref name=&quot;blockus&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blockus |first=Gary R. |date=March 25, 2019 |title=Isaac Okoro Ready to Bring Aggressive Defense to Nike Hoop Summit |url=https://www.usab.com/news-events/news/2019/03/okoro-feature.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326121851/https://www.usab.com/news-events/news/2019/03/okoro-feature.aspx |archive-date=March 26, 2019 |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=[[USA Basketball]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2019, Okoro ya zama ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na biyu a tarihin McEachern da ya yi ritayar rigarsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hensley |first=Adam |title=Isaac Okoro: 4 things to know about the Auburn basketball freshman forward |url=https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/sports/2019/11/07/isaac-okoro-auburn-basketball-forward-facts-usa-basketball-recruiting-age/4168839002/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |website=The Montgomery Advertiser |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daukar ma'aikata ===
A karshen aikinsa na sakandare, Okoro ya kasance yana daukar tauraro biyar ta Rivals da kuma tauraron taurari hudu ta 247Sports da ESPN . &lt;ref name=&quot;auburn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Isaac Okoro |url=https://auburntigers.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/isaac-okoro/14897 |access-date=April 29, 2020 |publisher=Auburn University Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2020 |title=Auburn freshman Isaac Okoro to declare eligibility for NBA draft |url=https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/28933596 |access-date=April 29, 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kan Yuli 25, 2018, ya himmatu don buga ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji don Auburn akan tayi daga Florida, Jihar Florida, Oregon da Texas, da sauransu. &lt;ref name=&quot;vitale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vitale |first=Josh |date=July 25, 2018 |title=Isaac Okoro, ranked 35th nationally in 2019 class, commits to Auburn men's basketball |url=https://www.oanow.com/sports/college/auburn/isaac-okoro-ranked-th-nationally-in-class-commits-to-auburn/article_87d90eb6-8fc9-11e8-bf4b-03c5d7b184b7.html |access-date=April 29, 2020 |website=[[Opelika-Auburn News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319045030/https://oanow.com/sports/college/auburn/isaac-okoro-ranked-th-nationally-in-class-commits-to-auburn/article_87d90eb6-8fc9-11e8-bf4b-03c5d7b184b7.html |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoro ya zama na biyu mafi girma a tarihin shirin, bisa ga kididdigar 247Sports composite martaba, bayan Mustapha Heron . &lt;ref name=&quot;green&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Tom |date=July 25, 2018 |title=What 4-star small forward Isaac Okoro's commitment means for Auburn basketball |url=https://www.al.com/auburnbasketball/2018/07/isaac_okoro_commit_analysis.html |access-date=April 29, 2020 |publisher=AL.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{College athlete recruit start|40=no|collapse=no|year=2019}}
{{College athlete recruit entry|40=|recruit=Isaac Okoro|position=[[Small forward|SF]]|hometown=[[Powder Springs, GA]]|highschool=[[McEachern High School|McEachern]] (GA)|feet=6|inches=6|weight=215|commitdate=July 25, 2018|rivals stars=5|247 stars=4|espn stars=4|espn grade=88}}
{{College athlete recruit end|40=|year=2019|rivals ref title=Auburn 2019 Basketball Commitments|scout ref title=|espn ref title=2019 Auburn Tigers Recruiting Class|rivals school=auburn|scout s=|espn schoolid=2|247 overall=37|rivals overall=31|espn overall=40|access-date=July 27, 2019|bball=yes}}

== Aikin koleji ==
Okoro ya ci maki 12 a farkon wasansa na Auburn, nasara da ci 84–73 akan Georgia Southern . Wasan da ke gaba, ya yi rajista da maki 17 a cikin nasara 76–66 akan Davidson .  An nada Okoro a matsayin sabon gwarzon mako na Kudu maso Gabas (SEC) ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2019 |title=Week 2: Men's Basketball Players of the Week |url=https://www.secsports.com/article/28108655/men-basketball-players-week |access-date=November 21, 2019 |publisher=[[Southeastern Conference]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zira kwallaye mafi girman maki 23 a cikin nasara 83–79 akan Vanderbilt akan Janairu 8, 2020.  Bai buga wasan da suka yi da Missouri a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu ba saboda raunin da ya ji .  Bayan kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, an nada shi zuwa All-SEC Na biyu Team, SEC Duk-Freshman Team da SEC All-Defensive Team ta kociyoyin gasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2020 |title=SEC announces 2020 Men's Basketball Awards |url=https://www.secsports.com/article/28877731/sec-announces-2020-men-basketball-awards |access-date=March 10, 2020 |publisher=[[Southeastern Conference]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoro ya samu maki 12.9, ya yi tazarar maki 4.4 sannan ya taimaka biyu a kowane wasa. Bayan kakar karatun sa, ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai shiga daftarin NBA na 2020 . 

== Sana'ar sana'a ==

=== Cleveland Cavaliers (2020-yanzu) ===
Cleveland Cavaliers ya zaɓi Okoro tare da zaɓi na biyar gabaɗaya a cikin daftarin NBA na 2020 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Nick |date=November 18, 2020 |title=Cavaliers Select Isaac Okoro with Fifth Overall Pick In 2020 NBA Draft |url=https://www.nba.com/cavaliers/releases/okoro-selection-201118 |access-date=November 18, 2020 |website=NBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kwana uku a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, ‘yan doki suka bayyana cewa sun rattaba hannu kan Okoro. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Nick |date=November 21, 2020 |title=Cavaliers Sign 2020 NBA Draft Pick Isaac Okoro |url=https://www.nba.com/cavaliers/releases/okoro-signing-20121 |access-date=November 21, 2020 |website=NBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wasan preseason na farko na Cavaliers na kakar 2020-21 NBA, ya zira kwallaye na nasara a wasan da daya ya sanya shi 114 – 116 kuma ya canza jefar da ya yi da 114 – 117 da nasara a kan Indiana Pacers . A ranar 23 ga Disamba, 2020, Okoro ya fara wasansa na NBA, yana farawa da yin rikodin maki 11, taimako biyar, da sake dawowa uku a nasarar 121–114 akan Charlotte Hornets . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Penix |first=Sam |date=December 24, 2020 |title=Cavs: 3 takeaways from season opener win |url=https://cavsnation.com/cavs-3-takeaways-from-season-opener-win/ |access-date=December 25, 2020 |website=ClutchPoints.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar Mayu 4, 2021, ya zira kwallaye-mafi girman maki 32 yayin asarar lokaci na 134–118 ga Phoenix Suns . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Withers |first=Tom |date=May 4, 2021 |title=BOOKER SCORES 31, SUNS DOMINATE OT TO BEAT CAVS 134-118 |url=https://www.nba.com/game/phx-vs-cle-0022000983undefined |access-date=November 9, 2023 |website=NBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 23 ga Maris, 2023, Okoro ya samu koma baya daya, ya taimaka daya, kuma ya zira kwallaye 11, gami da maki uku mai nasara a wasan, a nasarar da ta yi a kan Brooklyn Nets da ci 116–114. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=WATCH: Isaac Okoro Hits Game Winner Against the Nets |url=https://www.si.com/nba/cavaliers/.amp/news/watch-isaac-okoro-hits-game-winner-against-the-nets |access-date=September 17, 2024 |website=SI.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, Okoro ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar shekaru da yawa tare da Cavaliers. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2024 |title=Cavaliers Sign Isaac Okoro to Multi-Year Contract |url=https://www.nba.com/cavaliers/news/releases-isaac-okoro-re-sign-240917 |access-date=September 17, 2024 |website=NBA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin tawagar kasa ==
Okoro ya buga wa kasar Amurka wasa a gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta FIBA ta ‘yan kasa da shekaru 17 na 2018 a Argentina. A wasanni bakwai, ya samu maki 4.3, 1.9 rebounds da sata 1.6 a kowane wasa, wanda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta lashe lambar zinare. &lt;ref name=&quot;usa&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;fiba&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Isaac Okoro (USA)'s profile - FIBA U17 Basketball World Cup |url=http://www.fiba.basketball/world/u17/2018/player/Isaac-Okoro |access-date=July 27, 2019 |publisher=[[FIBA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kididdigar sana'a ==
{{NBA player statistics legend}}

=== NBA ===

==== Lokaci na yau da kullun ====
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{nbay|2020}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2020–21 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| 67 || '''67''' || '''32.4''' || .420 || .290 || .726 || '''3.1''' || '''1.9''' || '''.9''' || .4 || '''9.6'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{nbay|2021}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2021–22 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| 67 || 61 || 29.6 || .480 || .350 || '''.768''' || 3.0 || 1.8 || .8 || .3 || 8.8
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{nbay|2022}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2022–23 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| '''76''' || 46 || 21.7 || '''.494''' || .363 || .757 || 2.5 || 1.1 || .7 || .4 || 6.4
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{nbay|2023}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023–24 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| 69 || 42 || 27.3 || .490 || '''.391''' || .679 || 3.0 || '''1.9''' || .8 || '''.5''' || 9.4
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career
| 279 || 216 || 27.6 || .467 || .347 || .732 || 2.9 || 1.7 || .8 || .4 || 8.5
{{S-end}}

==== Play-in ====
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2022 NBA playoffs|2022]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2021–22 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| 2 || 1 || 17.6 || .333 || .000 || .667 || 3.0 || .5 || .0 || .0 || 3.0
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2| Career
| 2 || 1 || 17.6 || .333 || .000 || .667 || 3.0 || .5 || .0 || .0 || 3.0
{{S-end}}

==== Wasan wasa ====
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 NBA playoffs|2023]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2022–23 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| 5 || 2 || 14.9 || '''.478''' || '''.308''' || '''1.000''' || 1.4 || .8 || .4 || '''.4''' || '''6.4'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2024 NBA playoffs|2024]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023–24 Cleveland Cavaliers season|Cleveland]]
| '''12''' || '''7''' || '''21.9''' || .357 || .257 || .778 || '''1.8''' || '''1.1''' || '''.9''' || .3 || 5.5
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2| Career
| 17 || 9 || 19.8 || .387 || .271 || .867 || 1.6 || 1.0 || .8 || .4 || 5.8
{{S-end}}

=== Kwalejin ===
{{NBA player statistics start}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2019–20]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Isaac Okoro College Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/isaac-okoro-1.html |publisher=[[Sports Reference]] |access-date=April 29, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2019–20 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team|Auburn]]
| 28 || 28 || 31.5 || .514 || .290 || .672 || 4.4 || 2.0 || .9 || .9 || 12.9
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career
| 28 || 28 || 31.5 || .514 || .290 || .672 || 4.4 || 2.0 || .9 || .9 || 12.9
{{S-end}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>phqk6733t11rg77tcuvrw7a2he8nf6q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Karisma Kapoor</title>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381322299|Karisma Kapoor]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lokacin da na fara shiga harkar, abubuwa sun yi min wahala. Ba ina cewa an ware ni ba ne. Ina ganin dole ne kowane ɗan tauraro ya fuskanci wannan. Kowa ya yi mini rashin adalci sosai. An yaba wa sauran sabbin shiga saboda kowace ƙaramar nasara, amma ba a yaba mini da ɗan lokaci ba. Da na zo gare ta, koyaushe sai na ce, 'To, ta yi kyau, amma menene babban abin da ke damunta? '. Babu wanda ya yaba wa wani ɗan shekara 17 saboda yin aikina yadda ya kamata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lokacin da na fara shiga harkar, abubuwa sun yi min wahala. Ba ina cewa an ware ni ba ne. Ina ganin dole ne kowane ɗan tauraro ya fuskanci wannan. Kowa ya yi mini rashin adalci sosai. An yaba wa sauran sabbin shiga saboda kowace ƙaramar nasara, amma ba a yaba mini da ɗan lokaci ba. Da na zo gare ta, koyaushe sai na ce, 'To, ta yi kyau, amma menene babban abin da ke damunta? '. Babu wanda ya yaba wa wani ɗan shekara 17 saboda yin aikina yadda ya kamata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]

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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lokacin da na fara shiga harkar, abubuwa sun yi min wahala. Ba ina cewa an ware ni ba ne. Ina ganin dole ne kowane ɗan tauraro ya fuskanci wannan. Kowa ya yi mini rashin adalci sosai. An yaba wa sauran sabbin shiga saboda kowace ƙaramar nasara, amma ba a yaba mini da ɗan lokaci ba. Da na zo gare ta, koyaushe sai na ce, 'To, ta yi kyau, amma menene babban abin da ke damunta? '. Babu wanda ya yaba wa wani ɗan shekara 17 saboda yin aikina yadda ya kamata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]

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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lokacin da na fara shiga harkar, abubuwa sun yi min wahala. Ba ina cewa an ware ni ba ne. Ina ganin dole ne kowane ɗan tauraro ya fuskanci wannan. Kowa ya yi mini rashin adalci sosai. An yaba wa sauran sabbin shiga saboda kowace ƙaramar nasara, amma ba a yaba mini da ɗan lokaci ba. Da na zo gare ta, koyaushe sai na ce, 'To, ta yi kyau, amma menene babban abin da ke damunta? '. Babu wanda ya yaba wa wani ɗan shekara 17 saboda yin aikina yadda ya kamata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]

==Manazarta==
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lokacin da na fara shiga harkar, abubuwa sun yi min wahala. Ba ina cewa an ware ni ba ne. Ina ganin dole ne kowane ɗan tauraro ya fuskanci wannan. Kowa ya yi mini rashin adalci sosai. An yaba wa sauran sabbin shiga saboda kowace ƙaramar nasara, amma ba a yaba mini da ɗan lokaci ba. Da na zo gare ta, koyaushe sai na ce, 'To, ta yi kyau, amma menene babban abin da ke damunta? '. Babu wanda ya yaba wa wani ɗan shekara 17 saboda yin aikina yadda ya kamata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]

==Manazarta==
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'''Karisma Kapoor''' ({{IPA|eng|kəˈrɪzmə kəˈpuːr, kəˈrɪʃmə|pron}}  ; an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce ta fi fitowa a [[Bollywood|fina-finan Hindi]] . Daya daga cikin jaruman fina-finan da suka fi samun albashi a shekarun 1990, ta zama mace ta farko a cikin [[Iyali Kapoor|iyalan Kapoor]] da ta fara harkar fim.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=When 17-year-old Karisma Kapoor was asked about women of Kapoor family not working in films |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-17-year-old-karisma-kapoor-was-asked-about-women-of-kapoor-family-not-working-in-films-101641460747272.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyaututtukan Filmfare guda huɗu.

An haifi Kapoor ga jarumai Randhir Kapoor da [[Babita|Babita Kapoor]], kuma 'yar'uwar jaruma [[Kareena Kapoor]] ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jarumai a fim ɗin ''Prem Qaidi'' (1991). Ta ci gaba da zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai kamar su wasan kwaikwayo ''Jigar'' (1992) da ''Anari'' (1993), comedies ''Raja Babu'' (1994), ''Andaz Apna Apna'' (1994), ''Coolie No. 1'' (1995) da ''Saajan Chale Sasural'' (1996), da kuma ''Jeet'' mai ban sha'awa (1996). Fim ɗin soyayya mai suna ''Raja Hindustani'' wanda aka yi a shekarar 1996 ya nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a rayuwar Kapoor, wanda hakan ya ba ta kyautar Filmfare Award a matsayin Best Actress . Daga baya ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa da kuma kyautar Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai rawa mai sha'awar rawa a cikin soyayyar waƙar ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997). Kapoor ya ƙara samun nasara ta hanyar fitowa a matsayin mace a cikin fina-finan ban dariya guda uku na David Dhawan masu nasara— ''Jarumi No.1'' (1997), ''Biwi No.1'' (1999), da ''Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge'' (2000) da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Sooraj Barjatya mai matuƙar nasara ''Hum Saath-Saath Hain'' (1999). Ta lashe kyautar Filmfare Best Actress da Best Actress Critics a Filmfare saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Fiza'' (2000) da ''Zubeidaa'' (2001).

Kapoor ya ɗauki hutun kammala aikin cikakken fim a shekarar 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya fito lokaci-lokaci, ciki har da shirin yanar gizo na ''Mentalhood'' (2020) da kuma fim ɗin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ''Murder Mubarak'' (2024) da Brown (2026) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rahul |first=Desai |date=5 June 2026 |title=‘Brown’ Series Review: This Stylish Karisma Kapoor-led Crime Drama Lacks Substance |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/brown-series-review-this-stylish-karisma-kapoor-led-crime-drama-lacks-substance}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ta kuma taka rawar a cikin shirin talabijin mai ''suna Karishma: The Miracles of Destiny'' (2003–2004) kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali a shirye-shiryen gaskiya da dama.

Kapoor ya auri wani ɗan kasuwa Sunjay Kapur daga 2003 zuwa 2016; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu. An yi ta yada labarin rayuwarta ta sirri a kafafen yada labarai. Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo kuma fitaccen mai goyon bayan shahara ne.

== Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi ==
[[File:Kapoor_Women.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kapoor tare da mahaifiyarta [[Babita]] (hagu) da 'yar'uwarta [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena]] (dama) a wani biki a shekarar 2003]]
An haifi Karisma Kapoor a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974  a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Babita]] ( née Shivdasani) da Randhir Kapoor . Kanwarta, [[Kareena Kapoor]], jarumar fim ce wacce ta auri jarumi [[Saif Ali Khan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bio2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2002 |title=Rediff's Star of The Week - Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/oct/30sotw.htm |access-date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakan ta na uba shine jarumi kuma mai shirya fina-finai [[Raj Kapoor]], yayin da kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Hari Shivdasani . Kakan kakan ta na uba shine jarumi Prithviraj Kapoor .  Jaruman Rishi Kapoor da Rajiv Kapoor kawunta ne, yayin da jarumar Neetu Singh ke matsayin goggon ta. 'Yan uwanta na farko su ne jarumi Ranbir Kapoor da kuma ɗan kasuwa Nikhil Nanda . Jaruman Shammi Kapoor da Shashi Kapoor kakanni ne nata, kuma marigayiyar jaruma Sadhana 'yar uwan mahaifiyarta ce ta farko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=35 fun facts about the Kapoors; Indian cinema's first family |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/indian-cinema-100-35-fun-facts-about-the-kapoors-of-bollywood-632971 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NDTV India}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Prithviraj Kapoor to Karisma Kapoor and Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805085551/http://www.indiamarks.com/prithviraj-kapoor-to-kareena-kapoor-and-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana kiran Kapoor da &quot;Lolo&quot; a gidanta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A cewar Kapoor, sunan Lolo ya samo asali ne bayan mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Italiya [[Gina Lollobrigida]] a wani lokaci. &lt;ref name=&quot;OGTKP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=10 interesting facts about Karisma Kapoor that you probably didn't know |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731131543/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/karisma-kapoor-secret-unknown-interesting-facts-bollywood-actor |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2022 |publisher=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanninta na uba da na uwa sun fito ne daga Peshawar, Lyallpur da [[Karachi]] bi da bi, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa [[Mumbai|Bombay]] don aikinsu na fim kafin raba Indiya .  Kapoor 'yar asalin [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]] ce a ɓangaren mahaifinta, kuma a ɓangaren mahaifiyarta 'yar asalin Sindhi ce kuma 'yar asalin Birtaniya .  

Musamman saboda ayyukan jarumai [[Sridevi]] da Madhuri Dixit, Kapoor ya kasance mai sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. A lokacin da take girma, Kapoor ta kan halarci bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka akai-akai kuma tana raka iyayenta zuwa wurin shirya fina-finai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=Karishma Kapoor, Sridevi's biggest admirer! |url=http://asridevi.blogspot.fr/2011/10/karishma-kapoor-sridevis-biggest.html |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=asridevi.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=What Celebrities Say about Madhuri |url=http://whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr/ |access-date=15 October 2017 |website=whatcelebritiessayaboutmadhuri.blogspot.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, duk da asalin danginta, mahaifinta bai amince da mata masu yin fina-finai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa hakan ya saɓa wa ayyukan iyaye mata na gargajiya da kuma nauyin da ke kan mata a cikin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Veteran actress Sadhana walks the ramp with Ranbir Kapoor |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/veteran-actress-sadhana-walks-the-ramp-with-ranbir-kapoor/3/ |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2012 |title=I don't advocate dieting: Karisma Kapoor |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1692587/report-i-don-t-advocate-dieting-karisma-kapoor |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da rikici tsakanin iyayenta kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1988. Mahaifiyarsu ce ta rene ta da 'yar uwarta Kareena, wadda ta yi aiki da dama don ta rene su, har sai da ta fara fitowa a fina-finai a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I am a foodie: Kareena Kapoor |url=http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125062038/http://www.dayandnightnews.com/2012/01/i-am-a-foodie-kareena-kapoor/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Day &amp; Night News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma'auratan sun yi sulhu a shekarar 2007, bayan sun zauna daban tsawon shekaru da dama.  Kapoor ya yi karatu a Cathedral da Makarantar John Connon da [[Mumbai|ke Mumbai]], sannan daga baya, na tsawon watanni, a Kwalejin Sophia for Women, Mumbai. Daga baya Kapoor ta ce ta bar jami'a don neman tallafin kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 June 2008 |title=Sophia College retains both heritage and class through education |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210110508/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317115.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2011 |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Farkon aikinsa da kuma farkon aikinsa (1991–1995) ===
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|left|thumb| Kapoor a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Screen Awards a shekarar 2008]]
Kapoor ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 1991 tana da shekaru 16 tare da shirin fim na soyayya ''Prem Qaidi'', tare da sabon jarumi Harish Kumar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prem Qaidi |url=https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010710/https://www.amazon.in/Prem-Qaidi-Harish/dp/B006QGDO1E |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin nasara mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin akwatin fina-finai kuma ya sami sharhi iri-iri daga masu suka, haka nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon Kapoor, inda Taran Adarsh na ''Bollywood Hungama'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;na inji&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karisma Kapoor's Filmography |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827021718/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/karismakapoor.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |access-date=8 September 2007 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, fitowar farko biyar na Kapoor - ''Jami'in 'Yan Sanda'', ''Jaagruti'', ''Nishchaiy'', ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' da ''Deedar -'' sun tashi a ofishin akwatin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jagruti (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220806/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534804 |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Sapne Sajan Ke'' ta sami damar shiga gasar Filmfare Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Mata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Best Female Debut: Complete List Of The Winners and Nominees |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Jaagruti'' da ''Nishchaiy'' sun yi bikin haɗin gwiwarsu guda biyu na farko da [[Salman Khan]], yayin da ''Deedar'' suka yi bikin haɗin gwiwarta na farko da [[Akshay Kumar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deedar (1992) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214135628/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/deedar/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Jigar'' (1992), sannan kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Anari'' (1993), dukkansu sun fito a matsayin manyan fina-finan da suka shahara a harkar tallan fina-finai kuma suna cikin manyan fina-finan da suka fi samun riba a shekarun da suka gabata. ''Jigar'' ta yi fice a cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Kapoor ya yi da [[Ajay Devgn]], yayin da ''Anari'' ta fito a matsayin jaruma a matsayin Rajnandini, gimbiya da ta kamu da son talakan baiwarta (wanda Daggubati Venkatesh ya taka). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jigar (1992) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617152642/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539590 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=25 June 2020 |title=Filmfare Recommends: Top 10 Films of Karisma Kapoor |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/filmfare-recommends-top-10-films-of-karisma-kapoor-41788.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lokacin da na fara shiga harkar, abubuwa sun yi min wahala. Ba ina cewa an ware ni ba ne. Ina ganin dole ne kowane ɗan tauraro ya fuskanci wannan. Kowa ya yi mini rashin adalci sosai. An yaba wa sauran sabbin shiga saboda kowace ƙaramar nasara, amma ba a yaba mini da ɗan lokaci ba. Da na zo gare ta, koyaushe sai na ce, 'To, ta yi kyau, amma menene babban abin da ke damunta? '. Babu wanda ya yaba wa wani ɗan shekara 17 saboda yin aikina yadda ya kamata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karisma's Box Office&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]

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    <title>Ivana Sajko</title>
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Ivana Sajko (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975) marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ɗan Croatia ne, marubuci kuma darektan wasan kwaikwayo . Ayyukanta, galibi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo da wallafe-wallafen zamani, an santa da su don magance jigogin zamantakewa da siyasa, sau da yawa abubuwan da suka faru da abubuwan lura da al'umma na zamani suna tasiri. Wasan kwaikwayo da litattafan Sajko an san su da bincike kan al'amuran al'umma masu sarkakiya da sabbin tsarin labarinsu. [1] [2] [3]

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haife shi kuma ya girma a [[Zagreb]], Sajko ya ci gaba da karatu a fannin wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Ilimin wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Zagreb . Daga nan ta samu digiri na biyu a fannin adabi a tsangayar ilimin dan Adam da zamantakewar al’umma a wannan jami’a. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ivana Sajko |url=https://www.croatian-literature.hr/zzindex_sing_auth.php?tekst_id=450&amp;autor=1&amp;menu_id=7 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.croatian-literature.hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Aikin Sajko a cikin zane-zane ya fara ne da aikinta na farko, &quot;Naranča u oblacima&quot; (&quot;Orange in the Clouds&quot;), wanda aka amince da shi tare da lambar yabo ta jihar Croatia don rubutun ban mamaki a 1998. Jikinta ya haɗa da litattafai da yawa da kayan wasan kwaikwayo masu yawa. Ta haɗu da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar BadCompany a Zagreb a cikin 2000, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo da darekta har zuwa 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kontejner › › Ivana Sajko (HR) |url=https://www.kontejner.org/en/osobe/ivana-sajko-hr |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.kontejner.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukanta daga baya galibi sun ƙunshi shirya wasan kwaikwayo nata, bincika tsakanin rubutu mai ban mamaki da aiwatar da mataki, da magance jigogi kamar yaƙi, rikice-rikicen al'umma, da motsin zuciyar ɗan adam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Govedic |first=Natasa |date=2006 |title=The trauma of apathy : two playwrights of post-Yugoslav nowhereland (Ivana Sajko and Biljana Srbljanović) |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/slave_0080-2557_2006_num_77_1_7002 |journal=Revue des Études Slaves |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=203–216 |doi=10.3406/slave.2006.7002}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Berliner Künstlerprogramm – Portrait Ivana Sajko |url=https://www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de/en/artist/ivana-sajko/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121051817/https://www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de/en/artist/ivana-sajko/ |archive-date=2023-11-21 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasanta mai suna &quot;Woman Bomb&quot; an santa da ita musamman saboda muhimmiyar rawar da ta taka tare da jigogin zamantakewa da siyasa. Ayyukan Sajko yana da alaƙa da binciken abubuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'a da a aikace, galibi suna ƙalubalantar ƙa'idodi da tsarin al'umma. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2005-06-25 |title=The woman behind the Bomb |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/the-woman-behind-the-bomb-20050625-ge0eie.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=The Age |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Sauran fitattun ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Sajko sun haɗa da &quot;Archetype: Medea&quot; da &quot;Europa - Monologue for Mother Courage and Her Children.&quot; Littafin littafinta mai suna &quot;Love Novel&quot; (&quot;Liebesroman&quot;) ya sami lambar yabo ta Internationaler Literaturpreis (Kyautar adabi ta kasa da kasa) a cikin 2018 don fassarar Jamusanci. Littafin ya yi nazarin jigogi na ƙauna da rikici a cikin mahallin marigayi jari-hujja . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=IGO |date=2023-10-26 |title=Love Novel |url=https://dublinliteraryaward.ie/the-library/books/love-novel/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Dublin Literary Award |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ivana Sajko wins International Literature Award – DW – 06/28/2018 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/croation-author-ivana-sajko-wins-international-literature-award/a-44177586 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=dw.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-30 |title=Love in the Time of Capitalism: Rage and Resentment in Ivana Sajko's &quot;Love Novel,&quot; Translated from Croatian by Mima Simić |url=https://readingintranslation.com/2022/05/30/ivana-sajkos-love-novel-translated-from-croatian-by-mima-simic/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Reading in Translation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Ann |date=2022-08-31 |title=Book of the month: Ivana Sajko |url=https://ayearofreadingtheworld.com/2022/08/31/book-of-the-month-ivana-sajko/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=A year of reading the world |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga shirye-shiryenta na wasan kwaikwayo, Sajko ta shiga cikin ayyukan edita da ilimi daban-daban. Ta yi aiki a matsayin bako malami a Academy of Dramatic Art a Zagreb, edita na wasan kwaikwayo mujallar &quot;Frakcija&quot; da kuma wallafe-wallafen mujallar &quot;Tema,&quot; da kuma dauki bakuncin wani TV show a kan zamani gidan wasan kwaikwayo, &quot;V-efekt.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2017, ta sanya hannu kan Sanarwa kan Harshen gama gari na Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks da Montenegrins . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku |url=https://jezicinacionalizmi.com/lista-potpisnika/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Jezici i nacionalizmi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wasanta &quot;Rose fure ce fure ce&quot; an ba da izini don bikin Steirischer Herbst a 2008 kuma an fara shi tare da rukunin wasan kwaikwayo na Wunderbaum. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=agnes_laterrasse |date=2014-01-21 |title=Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose |url=https://www.journal-laterrasse.fr/rose-is-a-rose-is-a-rose-is-a-rose/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Journal La Terrasse |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani wasan kwaikwayo, &quot;Scenes with apple,&quot; an ba da izini ga Stadtheater Bern, wanda aka fara farawa a 2009 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dora Schneider. Bugu da ƙari, rubutun nata &quot;Gabatarwa zuwa Rarraba&quot; wani ɓangare ne na aikin &quot;The Encyclopedia of Unlived Life&quot; na Marian Pensotti, wanda aka ba da izini don bikin Steirischer Herbst 2010. Ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da mawaki David Simons a 2004 don buga CD ɗin kiɗan &quot;Mass for shiru ranar zabe.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

=== Salo da jigogi ===
Ayyukan Sajko yana da alaƙa da nazarin batutuwan zamantakewa da siyasa. Ta kan yi amfani da harshe da kalmomi guda ɗaya don ƙalubalantar wakilcin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya. Labarinta akai-akai yana bincika ra'ayoyin mata da batutuwan al'umma. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zlatar-Violić |first=Andrea |title=Culture of Memory or Cultural Amnesia: The Uses of the Past in the Contemporary Croatian Novel |url=https://academic.oup.com/stanford-scholarship-online/book/29656/chapter-abstract/249975380 |access-date=2023-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

=== Ganewa ===
An san Sajko da kyaututtuka kamar Chevalier de l'ordre des Arts et Lettres da Internationaler Literaturpreis. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ivana Sajko |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/ro/en/kul/sup/nss/22209770.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=@GI_weltweit |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga cikin Shirin DAAD Artists-in-Berlin a cikin 2016/2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ivana Sajko |url=https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/ivana-sajko/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=international literature festival berlin |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;

== Littafi Mai Tsarki ==

=== Littattafai ===

* Rio Bar (2006)
* Tarihin Iyalina daga 1941 zuwa 1991 da Bayan (2009)
* Littafin Soyayya (Ljubavni Roman, 2015)
* Ƙananan Mutuwa (Male smrti, 2021)

=== Wasanni da tarin yawa ===

* Shekara ta 23 (1996)
* Orange a cikin gajimare (1998)
* Sake Gina - Jana'izar Barkwanci na Jumla ta Farko (1998)
* Tafiya Tare da Surface (1999)
* 4 bushe ƙafa (1999)
* Archetype: Medea - Mai magana da yawun mace wanda wani lokaci yayi magana (2000)
* Riba Cage (2000)
* Masu Tafiya (2001)
* Fuskokin da suka lalace (Smaknuta lica, 2001)
* Taro don Shiru na Ranar Zaɓe, Matattu Jiki Bayan bango &amp; Kofato a cikin Maƙogwaro (2002)
* Bom mata (2003)
* Europa - Magana ɗaya don Ƙarfafa Uwar Uwa da 'Ya'yanta (2004)
* Rose fure ne mai fure (2008)
* Scenes tare da apple (2009)
* Gabatarwa zuwa Disjunction (2010)
* The Disobedience Trilogy (Trilogija o neposluhu, 2012)

* Zuwa Hauka (da Juyin Juya Hali): Karatu (Prema ludilu (i revoluciji): čitanje, 2006)

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Harshen Lipan</title>
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'''Lipan''' (Lipan Apache) yare ne na Gabashin Kudancin Athabaskan wanda Lipan Apache ke magana a jihohin Coahuila da Chihuahua a arewacin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], wasu wuraren ajiya na [[New Mexico]] da sassa na kudancin Texas. Lipan na cikin dangin yarukan Na-Dene kuma yana da alaƙa da yaren Jicarilla, wanda kuma yana cikin yarukan Athabaskan na Gabas.

== Tarihi ==
A cikin 1981, an ruwaito cewa a New Mexico akwai tsofaffi masu magana 2 ko 3 kawai har yanzu suna da rai.

A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2023, an ba da jawabi a Lipan a cikin ɗakin Majalisar Wakilai na Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hablante de lengua nde' mizaa, pronuncia discurso en la tribuna de la Cámara de Diputados |url=https://comunicacionsocial.diputados.gob.mx/index.php/lengua/ivan-alexander-de-leon-hablante-de-lengua-nde-mizaa-pronuncia-discurso-en-la-tribuna-de-la-camara-de-diputados}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2023, Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna ta Kasa ta gabatar da kuma tabbatar da haruffa na hukuma don Lipan a cikin Gidan Taro na Casas Grandes, Chihuahua .

== Rarraba ==
A Mexico, ana magana da Lipan a al'ada a wasu al'ummomin asali a cikin jihohin Coahuila da Chihuahua: A Coahuila galibi ana magana da shi a Los Lirios da San Antonio de Alanzas a cikin Arteaga Municipality, El Remolino da Zaragoza a cikin Zaragoza Municipality، Sierra de Santa Rosa de Lima da Múzquiz Municipality da biranen Sabinas da [[Saltillo]]. A cikin Chihuahua galibi ana magana da shi a Ciudad Juarez, birnin Chihuahua da sauran garuruwan asali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Historia de la lengua y cultura n'dee/n'nee/ndé; Ndé miizaa |url=https://contigoenladistancia.cultura.gob.mx/detalle/conversatorio-historia-de-la-lengua-y-cultura-n-dee-n-nee-nde-hacia-el-registro-en-el-catalogo-de-las-lenguas-indigenas-nacionales-clin- |access-date=2025-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022035458/https://contigoenladistancia.cultura.gob.mx/detalle/conversatorio-historia-de-la-lengua-y-cultura-n-dee-n-nee-nde-hacia-el-registro-en-el-catalogo-de-las-lenguas-indigenas-nacionales-clin- |archive-date=2022-10-22 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi magana da Lipan a New Mexico a cikin Mescalero Reservation da kuma a Texas kusa da Mexico-U.S. iyaka.

== Fasahar sauti ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Biyuwa
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Alveolar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Palatal
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Velar
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Gishiri
|- style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;
!fili
!Mai sibilant
!gefen
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hanci
|Ya kam a yi amfani da shi
|Ya kasan a cikin
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Dakatar da
!&lt;small&gt;Domenal&lt;/small&gt;
|
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!&lt;small&gt;ba tare da murya ba&lt;/small&gt;
|Sunan da aka yi
|Ya kamat a yi amfani da shi
|Sashen
|Sadarwa ta Kudu
|tʃ Shaan
|Sanya
|Sunan da ake ciki
|-
!&lt;small&gt;da ake nema&lt;/small&gt;
|
|Ya zama haka
|ta yaya
|Sunayen Sunayen
|Sashen
|Ƙaddamar da
|
|-
!&lt;small&gt;fitarwa&lt;/small&gt;
|
|Ta yaya
|Sunubiyar
|Sanya ne
|Sunan da za a yi
|Sunubi ne
|
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Fricative
!&lt;small&gt;ba tare da murya ba&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
|s da aka yi
|Ƙasashen da za a iya amfani da su
|Sashen
|Shin
|Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi
|-
!&lt;small&gt;murya&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
|z Z Z Zuwa
|
|Sashin
|An yi amfani da shi
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kusanci
|
|
|
|Sanya
|Ya zama haka
|
|
|}
Akwai wasula 16 a cikin Lipan Apache:

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Harsuna]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hukumar Tallafa Jari ta Najeriya</title>
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'''Hukumar Bunƙasa Zuba Jari ta Nijeriya''' (NIPC) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Gwamnatin Tarayya ta [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]], wadda aka kafa ta ta hanyar dokar inganta zuba jari ta Nijeriya Babi na N117 na shekarar 2004. An yi shi ne don ƙarfafawa, haɓakawa, da daidaita duk wani saka hannun jari a Najeriya.Gwamnatin Tarayyar [[Najeriya]], ta dorawa hukumar bunƙasa zuba jari da jan hankalin zuba jari kai tsaye daga ƙasashen waje (FDI) tsawon shekaru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2019 |title=About NIPC |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/about-nipc/ |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=6 March 2025 |archive-date=16 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316132539/https://www.nipc.gov.ng/about-nipc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission Act |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-laws/laws/234/nigeria-nigerian-investment-promotion-commission-act |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=UNCTAD |publisher=unctad.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908185202/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-laws/laws/234/nigeria-nigerian-investment-promotion-commission-act |archive-date=8 September 2021 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title='NIPC committed to promoting investment' |url=https://dailytrust.com/nipc-committed-to-promoting-investment |website=Daily Trust |language=en |access-date=6 March 2025 |archive-date=22 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222004836/https://dailytrust.com/nipc-committed-to-promoting-investment/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 November 2020 |title=INTERVIEW: What NIPC Is Doing To Grow Nigeria's Foreign Direct Investment -- Yewande Sadiku |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/426846-interview-what-nipc-is-doing-to-grow-nigerias-foreign-direct-investment-yewande-sadiku.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Foreign Investments And The Role Of Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission - Government, Public Sector - Nigeria |url=https://www.mondaq.com/nigeria/fiscal-monetary-policy/372724/foreign-investments-and-the-role-of-nigerian-investment-promotion-commission |website=www.mondaq.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin ==
Hukumar Tallafin Zuba mai ta Najeriya ta kafa ta Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ciniki da Ci gaba &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission Act {{!}} Investment Laws Navigator {{!}} UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-laws/laws/234/nigeria-nigerian-investment-promotion-commission-act |website=investmentpolicy.unctad.org |access-date=2025-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324004250/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-laws/laws/234/nigeria-nigerian-investment-promotion-commission-act |archive-date=2025-03-24 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta hanyar Babi na N117 na Dokar Tallafin Kasuwanci ta Najeriya ta 1995, kuma daga baya ta zama wata hukuma ta musamman ta [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya]] ta hanyar Bafi na N11 7 na Dokar Tallan Zuba Jarin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgi na 2004 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 January 2019 |title=About NIPC |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/about-nipc/ |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=6 March 2025 |archive-date=16 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316132539/https://www.nipc.gov.ng/about-nipc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta tsohon [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban Najeriya]] [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo]] a kokarin inganta [[Climate|yanayi]] saka hannun jari na Najeriya, jawo hankalin zuba jari na kasashen waje kuma ya karkatar da man fetur daga babban ci gaban [[Tattalin arzikin Najeriya]]. Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya nada tsohon Ministan Kasuwanci, [[Engr. Mustapha Bello]] a matsayin Babban Sakatare / Shugaba na Hukumar  kuma ya gayyaci Mista Felix Ohiwerei, malamin majalisa, a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ahmed I. Shekarau And Kashim Sule |date=3 December 2003 |title=Bello Promises to Reposition NIPC |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200312030521.html |access-date=2010-05-05 |website=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa hukumar ne don inganta yanayin saka hannun jari na Najeriya, jawo hankalin saka hannun jari daga kasashen waje da kuma karkatar da man fetur a matsayin babban ci gaban tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Shugaban Najeriya, [[Olusegun Aremu Obasanjo]] ya nada tsohon Ministan Kasuwanci, Mustapha Bello a matsayin Babban Sakatare / Shugaba na Hukumar,  da kuma [[Felix Ohiwerei]], a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 October 2018 |title=Boardroom Guru to he Puplpit |url=https://nairametrics.com/2018/10/20/boardroom-guru-to-the-pulpit-meet-dr-felix-ohiwerei/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Nairametrics |publisher=Nairametrics}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudanarwa ==
NIPC tana da majalisa mai mulki wanda ya kunshi Shugaban, mambobi masu zaman kansu guda huɗu, Sakataren Zartarwa / Sakataren CEO na dindindin na ma'aikatu bakwai ciki har da; Ma'aikatar Masana'antu, Ciniki da Zuba Jari ta Tarayya; Ma'aikatan Bayanai da Al'adu, Ma'aikalin Kasa da Shirye-shiryen Kasa, Ma'aikatan Harkokin Waje na Tarayya, Ma'aikata na Tarayya na Tarayya da mambobi shida daga bangaren masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=7 February 2019 |title=The NIPC Governing Council |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/governing-council/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=NIPC |publisher=NIPC |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909181825/https://www.nipc.gov.ng/governing-council/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Hukumar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 February 2019 |title=Governing Council |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/governing-council/ |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=6 March 2025 |archive-date=22 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222150619/https://nipc.gov.ng/governing-council/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; yana karkashin jagorancin [[Rt. Hon. Dr Babangida S.M. Nguroje OFR]]. Ofishin Babban Sakataren Saratu Umar ne ke jagoranta. Tsarin kula da Hukumar yana da sassan musamman guda bakwai - Kudi da Gudanarwa, Inganta saka hannun jari, Dangantakar Masu saka hannun jari. Bugu da ƙari, an tsara Hukumar don ta kunshi ofisoshin Yankin Arewa-Tsakiya, Arewa-Gabas, Arewa-Yamma, Kudu-Gabas da Kudu-Yamma don yin aiki tare da hukumomin saka hannun jari na ƙasa a cikin daidaitawa da ci gaba da sabuntawa na Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayya.

=== Jagora ===
[[Aisha Rimi]] ita ce Babban Sakataren / Babbar  Jami’a &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-05 |title=Buhari Renews Saratu Umar’s Five-year Tenure as CEO of NIPC |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/07/05/buhari-renews-saratu-umars-five-year-tenure-as-ceo-of-nipc/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=This Day Live |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Hukumar Tallafin Zuba Jari ta Najeriya (NIPC). Kafin nadin ta, Hajja Gana Wakil ta kasance mukaddashin Babban Sakataren Hukumar bayan Emeka Offor . Yewande Sadiku ya kasance Babban Sakatare kuma Shugaba daga 8 ga Nuwamba 2016 zuwa 24 ga Satumba 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-09-26 |title=Yewande Sadiku completes 5-year tenure as Executive Secretary/CEO of NIPC |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/09/26/yewande-sadiku-completes-5-year-tenure-as-executive-secretary-ceo-of-nipc/ |access-date=2021-09-26 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Ebele Jonathan ya sauya nadin Saratu Altine Umar.

=== Tsarin ƙungiya ===
Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Hukumar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 February 2019 |title=Governing Council |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/governing-council/ |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |access-date=6 March 2025 |archive-date=22 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222150619/https://nipc.gov.ng/governing-council/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Rt. Hon. Dr Babangida S.M. Nguroje OFR.]] Ofishin Babban Sakataren Saratu Umar ne ke jagoranta. Tsarin kula da Hukumar yana da sassan musamman guda bakwai - Kuɗi da Gudanarwa, Inganta saka hannun jari, Dangantakar Masu saka hannun jari. Bugu da ƙari, an tsara Hukumar don ta ƙunshi ofisoshin Yankin Arewa-Tsakiya, Arewa-Gabas, Arewa-Yamma, Kudu-Gabas da Kudu-Yamma don yin aiki tare da hukumomin saka hannun jari na ƙasa a cikin daidaitawa da ci gaba da sabuntawa na Dokar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya.]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Jane Delgado</title>
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'''Jane L. Delgado''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, na shekara ta 1953) masaniyar ilimin halayyar dan adam ce ta Cuban-Amurka, mai ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya, mai ba tare da riba ba, kuma marubuciya. Ita ce shugabar kuma Shugaba na National Alliance for Hispanic Health . Ita ce marubucin jerin littattafan The Buena Salud Guide (Newmarket Press, 2011) &lt;ref name=&quot;BSG1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Buena Salud Guide |url=http://www.newmarketpress.com/author.asp?id=749 |access-date=2011-06-12 |publisher=Newmarket Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; da The Latina Guide to Health (Newmarket press, 2010). &lt;ref name=&quot;LG1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Latina Guide to Health |url=http://www.newmarketpress.com/title.asp?id=906 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905121503/http://www.newmarketpress.com/title.asp?id=906 |archive-date=2010-09-05 |access-date=2010-04-18 |publisher=Newmarket Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2012 William Morrow ta sami jerin a cikin HarperCollins Publishers kuma ya buga &quot;Buena Salud Guide to Arthritis and Your Life&quot;.

== Tarihin Rayuwar ta ==
An haifi Delgado a [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] kuma ta yi hijira tare da mahaifiyarta, mahaifinta, da 'yar'uwarta zuwa Brooklyn, New York a shekarar 1955. A makarantar jama'a, Delgado ta shawo kan matsaloli na farko tare da Turanci don tashi zuwa saman aji, ta tsallake aji na 8, ta kammala a ƙarshen aji na 11, kuma ta shiga SUNY New Paltz . 

Delgado ta sami MA a fannin [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar dan adam]] daga Jami'ar New York a 1975, Ph.D. a fannin halayyar asibiti daga SUNY Stony Brook a 1981 da kuma MS a fannin kimiyyar birane da manufofi daga Makarantar Gudanarwa da Manufofin Stony Brook ta W. Averell Harriman a wannan shekarar.

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
A cikin shekarar 1970s, Delgado ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Talabijin na Yara, da farko a matsayin mataimakiyar mai binciken tun daga 1973. A kan ƙarfin iliminta a ilimin halayyar dan adam, ba da daɗewa ba aka inganta Delgado zuwa mai kula da baiwar yara a kan titin Sesame . 

A shekara ta 1979, Delgado ya shiga Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam kuma a 1983 ta shiga Ofishin Saƙan nan take. Delgado daga ƙarshe ta zama Mataimakiya ta Musamman kan Harkokin Ƙananan Ƙasa, kuma ya kasance memba na ma'aikatan manufofi a watan Agustan 1985 &quot;Rahoton Sakataren Ayyuka kan Lafiya ta Baƙi da Ƙananan Ƙananan&quot;.

A shekara ta 1985 Delgado ta zama shugaban kasa da kuma shugaban zartarwa na abin da ake kira Coalition of Mental Speaking Mental Health Organizations, wanda aka sadaukar don inganta lafiyar da jin daɗin Hispanics. Ita ce mace ta farko ta Hispanic da ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi. Delgado ta sanya lafiyar muhalli wani shiri a cikin 1988 kuma ta fara shirin fasaha na farko don kungiyoyin al'umma a cikin 1991. Kungiyar ta girma ta zama National Alliance for Hispanic Health (Alliance). A matsayinsa na Shugaba na Alliance Delgado yana kula da mahimman abubuwan da ke ciki, watau, Ofishin Kasa (tare da ayyukan filin a jihohi 25, Puerto Rico, da Gundumar Columbia), Gidauniyar Amurka mai lafiya, da Cibiyar Amurka mai lafiya (wanda ke cikin Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Keck a USC). Kokarin da aka yi kwanan nan kan inganta lafiyar mata, lafiyar kwakwalwa, magani na mutum, tabbatar da kudade ga hukumomin cikin gida, jagorancin kasa da kasa, kawar da rata tsakanin binciken kimiyya da kula da mutane, da kuma aiki zuwa ga mafi kyawun kiwon lafiya don duk shaidar ci gaban kungiyar.

== Hidima ==
Delgado tana aiki a cikin kwamitin gwamnoni na Argonne National Labs . Ta kuma yi aiki a kan kwamitin Cibiyar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta Lovelace; Asibitin McLean (Belmont, MA) [https://web.archive.org/web/20241013102942/https://www.mcleanhospital.org/news/jane-l-delgado-phd-joins-mclean-board-trustees#:~:text=February%2012%2C%202023-,Jane%20L.,National%20Alliance%20for%20Hispanic%20Health.]; da kuma, Gidauniyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka. Ta yi aiki a kan kwamitin Gidauniyar Kresge (shekaru 16) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-19 |title=A champion of diversity and inclusion, Dr. Jane Delgado retires from The Kresge Foundation Board of Trustees |url=https://kresge.org/news-views/a-champion-of-diversity-and-inclusion-dr-jane-delgado-retires-from-the-kresge-foundation-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=Kresge Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Gidauniyoyin Lafiya na Arewacin Virginia (shekara 10) don iyakokin wa'adin. Sakataren DHHS ne ya nada ta a Hukumar Kimiyya ta Biodefense ta Kasa kuma shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ne ya nada ita a Cibiyar Binciken Ruwa ta Ruwa ta Kasa ta Mickey Leland (NUATRC) da Majalisa ta ba da izini.

Dokta Delgado ta yi aiki a cikin kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa ga Mrs. Rosalyn Carter's Task Force on Mental Health &lt;ref name=&quot;CCMHTF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |title=Mental Health Task Force and National Advisory Council |url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/mental_health/taskforce.html |access-date=2008-09-17 |publisher=The Carter Center |doi= |archive-date=2008-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924211422/http://www.cartercenter.org/health/mental_health/taskforce.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma memba ne na BankInter's Future Trends Forum a Madrid, Spain. Wasu girmamawa na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da: 2023 7 Latino Doctors Who Made History and a Difference by HipLATINA [https://hiplatina.com/latina-doctors-making-difference/], 2021 Contributions to Public Administration Health Policy Leader by National Academy of Public Administration [https://napawash.org/news/celebrating-womens-history-month-jane-delgado], 2020 American Association of Medical Colleges List of 10 Hispanic Pioneers in Medicine, [https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-hispanic-pioneers-medicine] kuma a cikin 2019 an ba ta Doctor of Letters by the Board of Trustees of the State University of New York [https://sites.newpaltz.edu/news/2019/05/commencement-address-jane-delgado/] &quot;mafi girman nau'in karbuwa da Jami'ar Jihar New York ta bayar ga ɗaliban SY masu rinjaye, sabis da suka halarci masu yawa&quot;.[https://www.latinoleadersmagazine.com/new-blog-2/2018/12/7/101-most-influential2018-1] kuma a cikin 2017 ta sami lambar yabo ta Aztec daga Gidauniyar Hanyar Amurka ta Mexico  .[https://maof.org/aztec-awards-2017/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304023037/https://maof.org/aztec-awards-2017/ |date=2022-03-04 }} A cikin 2016 Latino Leaders sun ba ta suna zuwa cikin 101 Mafi Girma Latinos a Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 August 2016 |title=Latino Leaders: July/August 2016 |url=https://issuu.com/latinoleadersmagazine/docs/latinojuly-august-single_15bf2df39014c9/28 |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=Issuu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2015 ta sami lambar yabo ta musamman ta Kwamishinan FDA da lambar yabo ta Dr. Harvey Wiley (mafi girman lambar yabo ga farar hula)  A shekara ta 2010, Ladies Home Journal mai suna Delgado daya daga cikin &quot;Ladies We Love&quot;.  A shekara ta 2008 an girmama Delgado a matsayin daya daga cikin Jarumai na Lafiya na shekara ta 2008 ta WebMD Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;LHJ2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ladies We Love: Dr. Jane Delgado |url=http://www.lhj.com/blogs/ladieslounge/2010/02/03/ladies-we-love-dr-jane-delgado/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713204055/http://www.lhj.com/blogs/ladieslounge/2010/02/03/ladies-we-love-dr-jane-delgado/ |archive-date=2011-07-13 |access-date=2010-04-18 |publisher=Ladies' Home Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma A cikin 2007 an jera shi cikin 100 mafi rinjaye Hispanics ta People En Español .  A cikin 2000, Ladies Home Journal ya kira Delgado daya daga cikin &quot;Mata da za a Kula&quot; guda bakwai, a tsakanin sauran &quot;masu jaruntaka marasa daraja waɗanda ke ci gaba don inganta lafiyarmu. Delgado ta sami girmamawa a shekara ta 2005 daga Gidauniyar Tarihin Hispanic tare da Kyautar Ilimi, ta amince da gudummawar da ta bayar ga kirkire-kirkire a cikin amfani da fasaha a cikin kiwon lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HHS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=HHA Honorees |url=https://hispanicheritage.org/hispanic_det.php?id=98 |access-date=2008-09-13 |publisher=Hispanic Heritage Foundation }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1998 da 2002 Hispanic Business ta kira ta daya daga cikin 100 mafi rinjaye Hispanics a Amurka, 

== Ayyukan da aka buga ==
Delgado ya rubuta littattafai da yawa a fannin kiwon lafiya da lafiya. Ita ce marubucin ¡SALUD! ''ZARAN! ''A Latina's Guide to Total Health, wanda Rayo / HarperCollins ya fara buga a shekarar 1997. An sake fasalin da aka sanya shi daya daga cikin Littattafan Lafiya mafi kyau na 2002 ta Library Journal . &lt;ref name=&quot;MMM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jane L. Delgado, Ph.D., M.S. |url=http://www.mymedicarematters.org/PDF/Jane%20Delgado%20Bio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029055826/http://www.mymedicarematters.org/PDF/Jane%20Delgado%20Bio.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-29 |access-date=2008-09-13 |publisher=My Medicare Matters}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita ce marubucin The Latina Guide to Health (Newmarket Press, 2010).

Ita ce marubuciyar jerin littattafan Buena Salud Guide (Newmarket Press, 2011 wanda yanzu shine William Morrow mai buga HarperCollins Publishers). Littattafai biyu na farko a cikin jerin, The Buena Salud Guide for a Healthy Heart da The Buena Salut Guide to Diabetes and Your Life, an buga su a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 kuma sun sami yabo mai mahimmanci daga Library Journal. Littafin na uku a cikin jerin, The Buena Salud Guide to Overcoming Depression and Enjoying Life, an buga shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2011 kuma a cikin shekara ta 2012 &quot;The Buena Salud guide to Arthritis and Your Life&quot; an buga shi &quot;bisa ga shafin yanar gizon mai bugawa. The Buena Salut Guide for a Healthy Heart an kira shi daya daga cikin littattafan kiwon LaLaLafiya Mai Kyau a cikin 2011 ta Library Journal. Littattafan da suka fi kwanan nan a cikin jerin Buena Salud Diet - Buena Salud Press No Gimmick Diet - Buenajo to Losing Weight and It Off&quot; (2017) da kuma sabon fitowar Ingilishi da aka buga a cikin Turanci (Switching Life Overing On On On On Press).

Labaran Delgado na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da &quot;Don ci gaba da kimiyya muna buƙatar magance 'rashin fahimta.&quot;Halin Mutum na Halitta. Fabrairu 2, 2024  da kuma &quot;Beyond Diversity - Time for New Models of Health,&quot; a cikin New England Journal of Medicine, 386; Fabrairu 10, 2022, Pgs. 503-505 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Delgado |first=Jane L. |year=2022 |title=Beyond Diversity — Time for New Models of Health |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=386 |issue=6 |pages=503–505 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp2115149 |pmid=35119804 |s2cid=246529928 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Na Mutum ==
Delgado tana zaune a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], tare da mijinta Mark . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jane Delgado &amp;#124; UChicago Argonne LLC |url=https://www.uchicagoargonnellc.org/person/jane-delgado#:~:text=and%20Policy%20Sciences.-,Dr.,D.C.%20with%20her%20husband%20Mark |access-date=2025-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926171151/https://www.uchicagoargonnellc.org/person/jane-delgado#:~:text=and%20Policy%20Sciences.-,Dr.,D.C.%20with%20her%20husband%20Mark |archive-date=2024-09-26 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Hemant Sharma</title>
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'''Hemant Sharma''' mawaƙiya ce ta zamani, pop da kuma mawaƙin gargajiya daga [[Nepal]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=मलाई मन पर्छ - हेमन्त शर्मा, गायक |url=https://ekantipur.com/lifestyle/2018/01/10/20180110080653.html |website=ekantipur}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=हेमन्त शर्मा भन्छन्–'संगीतकर्मीलाई सरकारले आर्थिक कर्जा दिन आवश्यक छ' |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2020/06/874874 |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=गीत चल्न दिलको 'ट्रेन्डिङ'मा आउनुपर्छ : हेमन्त शर्मा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/video/356901-1602159128.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=यसरी गायक बने हेमन्त शर्मा |url=https://archive.ujyaaloonline.com/news/90144/hemanta-sharma/ |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=archive.ujyaaloonline.com |archive-date=2021-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609160611/https://archive.ujyaaloonline.com/news/90144/hemanta-sharma/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundin sa na farko shi ne ''Oh Priya'', wanda aka saki a shekarar dubu biyu 2000. Koyaya, waƙarsa ce &quot;Maya Sarai Mahango&quot; daga kundin 2002 wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Sharma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 100 kuma ta saki fiye da kundi bakwai. Sharma ta kuma kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ta Nepal daga 2015 zuwa 2017.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=हामीले सम्मान गरेनौं भने हाम्रो पनि सम्मान हुँदैनः अध्यक्ष शर्मा |url=https://musickhabar.com/हामीले-सम्मान-गरेनौं-भने/ |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=MusicKhabar.com: Nepal's No. 1 Musical Newspaper |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=पाठ |first=स्मृति ढुंगाना २७ पुस २०७१ १ मिनेट |title=प्रस्तोता समाजमा गायक शर्मा निर्विरोध |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/71901-1420942033.html |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Sharma a Nawalparsai . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=यसरी गायक बने हेमन्त शर्मा |url=https://archive.ujyaaloonline.com/news/90144/hemanta-sharma/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609160611/https://archive.ujyaaloonline.com/news/90144/hemanta-sharma/ |archive-date=2021-06-09 |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=archive.ujyaaloonline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinsa shi ne Danda Pani Sharma kuma mahaifiyarsa Sumitra Sharma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Me |url=http://hemantasharma.com/about-me-2/ |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=Hemant Sharma |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya koma [[Kathmandu]] don karatunsa, kuma ya fara waka a kwaleji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Sharma ta saki fiye da waƙoƙi 100, ciki har da &quot;Maya sarai Mahango&quot;, &quot;Aaudai gara malati&quot; da &quot;Mul hau bhane rasaideu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=गीत चल्न दिलको 'ट्रेन्डिङ'मा आउनुपर्छ : हेमन्त शर्मा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/video/356901-1602159128.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}
[[Rukuni:CS1 Nepali-language sources (ne)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kantipur-माया त यस्तो होस् - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2014-04-24/207251.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=ekantipur.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609163834/https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2014-04-24/207251.html |archive-date=2021-06-09 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
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|-
|2018
|Kyautar Kiɗa ta Kalika
|Mafi Kyawun Maza Mai Saki|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 October 2018 |title=दिपक शर्मालाइ कालिका म्युजिक अवार्ड |url=http://www.erupse.com/?p=33638 |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408211429/http://www.erupse.com/?p=33638 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Kyautar Hoton
|Mafi Kyawun Maza Mai Saki|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-18 |title=इमेज अवार्डको मनोनयन सार्वजनिक |url=https://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/18/95792/ |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=Naya Patrika |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610162533/https://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/18/95792/ |archive-date=2021-06-10 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Kyautar Kasa da Kasa ta Surya
|Mafi Kyawun Maza Mai Saki|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=पाठ |first=नागरिक ११ असार २०७५ ३ मिनेट |title=अनमोलदेखि ज्योतिमगरसम्म एउटै अवार्डको मनोनयनमा |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/arts/152583-1529901180.html |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=जापानमा हुने सुर्य ईन्टरनेशनल अवार्डको मनोनयन सार्वजनिक (सूचिसहित) |url=https://www.setopati.com/global/japan/162262/ |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=Setopati }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Kyautar Kasa da Kasa ta Surya
|Mafi Kyawun Maza Mai Saki|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Surya International Award Top Three {{!}} Hamro Patro |url=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-Film-Review/articles-Film-Review-surya-international-award-top-three |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=www.hamropatro.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta
|Mafi Kyawun Maza Mai Saki|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-10 |title=जिनियस म्युजिक अवार्ड–२०७६ को मनोनयन सार्वजनिक |url=https://www.kalakarmi.com/music/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a4/5834/ |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=Kalakarmi.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Bayanan da aka yi ==

=== Albums ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Albums na Hemant Sharma
!Shekara
!Album
!Waƙoƙi
!Alamar
|-
|
|Ya yi addu'a
|Ya yi addu'a
|
|-
|
|Bisesh
|Maya Sarai Mahango 

Yei Maya Lai Amrit

Hasnai Parchha Bhanne
|
|-
|
|Lokapriya
|Maya Ta Yesto Hos
|
|-
|
|Aatmiya
|Mula Hau Bhane Rasaideu
Aaudai Gara Malati Thapa Na Thapa (Jale Rumala) 
|
|-
|
|Itiya
|
|
|-
|
|Mandir
|
|
|-
|
|Parampara
|
|
|-
|
|Parampara 2
|
|
|}

=== Ma'aurata ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Rashin aure na Hemant Sharma
!Shekara
!Taken Waƙar
!Mai zane-zane
!Kalmomin
!Waƙoƙi
|-
|
|Chhoyo Maya Le
|
|
|
|-
|
|Gudeko Rail Pani
|
|
|
|-
|
|Dam Dam din Bajyo
|
|
|
|-
|
|Barikha
|
|
|
|-
|
|Asafal Mayalu
|
|
|
|-
|
|Ganga JI
|
|
|
|-
|
|Hare Aaja
|
|
|
|-
|
|Dil Maa Hoton Chha
|
|
|
|-
|
|Ban Maryo Banmara Le
|Bishnu Majhi
|
|
|-
|
|Barka da 'Yar'uwa Barka da Mister
|Samikshya Adhikari
|
|
|}

* Mul hau bhane
* Aaudai gara malati
* Timi bahek mero koi chhaina
* Ban maryo banmarale - tare da Bishnu Majhi
* Thapana thapa hataima
* Lajai
* Maya sarhai mahango
* Maya yesto hos
* Gaishe da 'yar'uwa gaisuwa
* Ke maya garnu hunna ra
* Barikha
* Ukali jada jadai
* Nacha Nacha
* Hunna hunna
* Timi arkai gharko manxe
* Chhoyo mayale

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli</title>
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[[File: Boy drinks from a tap at a  NEWAH WASH water project in Puware Shikhar, Udayapur District, Nepal. (10677936093).jpg|thumb|Yaro na Shan Ruwa a famfo a wani aikin Ruwa a NEWAH WASH water project in Nepal]]
[[File:Sanitation work 3.jpg|thumb| masu tsaftar muhalli a Najeriya]]
''''yancin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli''' ('''HRWS''') nau'in ƙa'ida ce da ke bayyana cewa tsaftar shan ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli na duniya ne Haƙƙin ɗan Adam | Haƙƙin ɗan adam saboda babban mahimmancin da suke da shi wajen raya rayuwar kowane mutum.

[[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] ta amince da shi a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2010.
An amince da HRWS a cikin dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam, sanarwa da sauran ka'idoji. Wasu masu sharhi sun kafa hujja kan wanzuwar haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa a duniya bisa dalilai masu zaman kansu ba tare da ƙudurin babban taron shekarar 2010, ba, kamar sashe na 11.1 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu (ICESCR); daga cikin waɗancan masu sharhi, waɗanda suka yarda da kasancewar ius cogens na duniya kuma suna la'akari da shi ya haɗa da tanade-tanaden Alkawari sun ɗauka cewa irin wannan haƙƙin ƙa'idar doka ce ta duniya. Sauran yarjejeniyoyin da suka amince da HRWS a fili sun haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 1979, kan Kawar da Duk Wani nau'i na Wariya ga Mata&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rfi.fr/ha/tag/hakkin-dan-adam/&lt;/ref&gt;. (CEDAW) da 1989, Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin Yara (CRC).

Kwamitin [[Duk Majalisar Jama'a|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a da Al'adu ne ya fitar da mafi kyawun ma'anar 'yancin ɗan adam na ruwa a cikin Gabaɗaya Comment 15 da aka tsara a cikin shekarar alif 2002. Fassarar da ba ta ɗaure ba ce cewa samun ruwa ya kasance sharadi ne don jin daɗin haƙƙin madaidaicin yanayin rayuwa. wanda ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin ma'aunin lafiya mafi girma, don haka haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ya ce: “Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa yana ba kowa damar samun wadatar. lafiyayye, karɓuwa, ruwa mai araha da araha don amfanin mutum da na gida. 

Babban taron [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne suka zartar da kuduri na farko game da HRWS a shekarar 2010. Sun bayyana cewa akwai haƙƙin tsaftar muhalli da ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na [[ruwa]], tunda rashin tsaftar muhalli yana rage ingancin ruwa a kasa. don haka tattaunawar ta gaba ta ci gaba da jaddada haƙƙoƙin biyu tare. A cikin Yuli 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) Resolution 64/292 ya sake tabbatar da 'yancin ɗan adam na samun aminci, mai araha, da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da sabis na tsafta. A yayin wancan babban taron, ya bayyana cewa, domin fahimtar jin dadin rayuwa da dukkan hakkokin bil'adama. tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai tsafta da kuma tsafta an amince da shi a matsayin hakkin dan Adam. Kudirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 64/292 na ‘yancin dan Adam na samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli ya tada batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin gwamnati na sarrafawa da alhakin tabbatar da wannan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli.

Shirin raya kasashe na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa, sanin muhimmancin samun dogaro da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da ayyukan tsafta, zai inganta fadada ci gaban rayuwa mai koshin lafiya. Wani kuduri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka yi wa kwaskwarima a shekarar 2015, ya nuna cewa hakokin biyu sun bambanta amma daidai suke.

HRWS ta tilasta wa gwamnatoci su tabbatar da cewa mutane za su iya jin daɗin inganci, samuwa, m, m, kuma mai araha ruwa da tsafta. Samar da ruwa yana la'akari da girman abin da farashin ruwa ya zama mai hanawa wanda zai buƙaci mutum ya sadaukar da damar samun wasu kayayyaki da ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Samun damar ruwa yana la'akari da lokacin da aka ɗauka, dacewa don isa ga tushen da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da samun zuwa tushen ruwa. Dole ne ruwa ya kasance mai isa ga kowane ɗan ƙasa, ma'ana kada ruwa ya wuce mita 1,000 ko ƙafa 3,280 kuma dole ne ya kasance cikin mintuna 30. Samun ruwa yana la'akari da ko samar da ruwa yana samuwa a cikin adadi mai yawa, abin dogaro kuma mai dorewa. Ingancin ruwa yana la'akari da ko ruwa yana da aminci don amfani, gami da sha ko wasu ayyuka. Don yarda da ruwa, dole ne kada ya kasance da wani wari kuma kada ya ƙunshi kowane launi. 

ICESCR na buƙatar ƙasashe masu sanya hannu don ci gaba da ci gaba da mutunta duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Ya kamata su yi aiki cikin sauri da inganci don haɓaka dama da haɓaka sabis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Mahallin Duniya ==
Shirin WHO/UNICEF na hadin gwiwa kan Samar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli ya bayyana cewa mutane miliyan 663 ba su da damar samun ingantaccen ruwan sha, kuma fiye da biliyan 2.4 ba su da damar samun aiyukan tsafta na asali a shekarar 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP report 2013&quot;&gt;[http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMPreport2013.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703112631/https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMPreport2013.pdf|date=3 July 2017}} ,2015 report of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation&lt;/ref&gt; Samun ruwan tsabta babban matsala ne a sassan duniya da dama. Hanyoyin da aka amince da su sun hada da &quot;haɗin gidaje, bututun jama’a, ramin rijiyoyi da aka kare, ruwan rijiya da aka kare, ruwan tushe da aka kare da kuma tarin ruwan sama.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;General Assembly Declares Access to Clean Water and Sanitation Is a Human Right.&quot; UN News Center. 28 July 2010. Accessed 20 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa kashi 9% na al’ummar duniya ba su da damar samun ruwa, akwai &quot;yankuna da suka fi jinkiri, kamar Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot; /&gt; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kara jaddada cewa &quot;kimanin yara miliyan 1.5 ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar suna mutuwa a kowace shekara kuma an rasa kwanakin makaranta miliyan 443 saboda cututtukan da suka shafi ruwa da tsafta.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref2&quot;&gt;Global Issues at the United Nations.&quot; UN News Center. n.d. Accessed 20 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2022, fiye da mutane biliyan 2, wato kashi 25% na al’ummar duniya, ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai tsabta a kai a kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Transforming Water Access: How the &quot;World's Lifeblood&quot; is Under Attack. |url=https://www.usglc.org/blog/transforming-water-access-how-the-worlds-lifeblood-is-under-attack/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=USGLC |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutane biliyan 4.2 ba su da damar samun aiyukan tsafta masu aminci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=SeventhQueen |last2=Wolf |first2=Jared |date=8 June 2022 |title=The truth behind clean water in Africa 2022 |url=https://sustainablereview.com/billions-still-lack-access-to-clean-water-2022/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Sustainable Review |language=en-US |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017111748/https://sustainablereview.com/billions-still-lack-access-to-clean-water-2022/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Advocacy |first=W. V. |date=22 March 2022 |title=How Improving Clean Water Access Can Fight Global Hunger |url=https://worldvisionadvocacy.org/2022/03/22/clean-water-global-hunger/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=World Vision Advocacy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Building access to clean water in support of Sustainable Development Goal 6 {{!}} UNICEF Supply Division |url=https://www.unicef.org/supply/stories/building-access-clean-water-support-sustainable-development-goal-6 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zuwa shekarar 2024, sabbin kididdiga sun nuna karuwar matsalar, inda mutane biliyan 4.4 a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaici ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai aminci a gidajensu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Greenwood |first1=Esther E. |last2=Lauber |first2=Thomas |last3=van den Hoogen |first3=Johan |last4=Donmez |first4=Ayca |last5=Bain |first5=Robert E. S. |last6=Johnston |first6=Richard |last7=Crowther |first7=Thomas W. |last8=Julian |first8=Timothy R. |date=16 August 2024 |title=Mapping safe drinking water use in low- and middle-income countries |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh9578 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=385 |issue=6710 |pages=784–790 |doi=10.1126/science.adh9578 |pmid=39146419 |bibcode=2024Sci...385..784G |issn=0036-8075}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Celia |date=15 August 2024 |title=More than 4 billion people don't have access to clean water at home |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/367224/clean-drinking-water-access-four-billion-science-study |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=Vox |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tushen shari'a da amincewa ==
Yurjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR) ta shekarar 1966 ta tsara haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu da aka samu a cikin Sanarwar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta shekarar 1948. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan takaddun farko da ya fito fili ya amince da haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Sai dai, da yawa daga cikin yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa na baya sun ƙunshi sassa da suka fito fili suka amince da haƙƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli.
* Yarjejeniyar Kawar da Duk Wani Nau'in Nuna Bambanci Ga Mata (CEDAW) ta shekarar 1979 tana da Mataki na 14.2 wanda ke bayyana cewa &quot;ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa za su ɗauki duk wani mataki da ya dace don kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata a yankunan karkara don tabbatar da cewa, a kan daidaito tsakanin maza da mata, sun shiga kuma sun amfana daga ci gaban karkara, kuma musamman za su tabbatar wa mata haƙƙin: ... (h) Don morar ingantattun yanayin rayuwa, musamman dangane da gidaje, tsaftar muhalli, wutar lantarki da samar da ruwa, sufuri da sadarwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Text of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |publisher=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm |access-date=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙin Yara (CRC) ta shekarar 1989 tana da Mataki na 24 wanda ke tanadin cewa &quot;ɓangarorin sun amince da haƙƙin yaro na morar mafi girman matsayi na lafiya da za a iya samu da kuma kayan aiki don magance rashin lafiya da dawo da lafiya ... 2. Jihohin da ke cikin yarjejeniyar za su himmatu wajen ganin an aiwatar da wannan haƙƙi cikakku, kuma musamman, za su ɗauki matakan da suka dace... (c) Don yaƙar cututtuka da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, gami da tsarin kula da lafiya na farko, ta hanyar, inter alia... samar da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftataccen ruwan sha...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;The full text of the Convention on the rights of the child is available at: {{cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights  |date=20 November 1989 |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm |access-date=21 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611182141/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm |archive-date=11 June 2010  }}.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙin Guragu da Masu Bukata Ta Musamman (CRPD) ta shekarar 2006 tana da Mataki na 28(2)(a) wanda ke buƙatar cewa &quot;ɓangarorin sun amince da haƙƙin guragu na samun kariya ta zamantakewa da kuma morar wannan haƙƙi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba saboda nakasa, kuma za su ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kiyayewa da haɓaka tabbatar da wannan haƙƙi, gami da matakan tabbatar da daidaiton damar samun ayyukan tsaftataccen ruwa ga guragu, da kuma tabbatar da samun damar yin amfani da ayyuka masu dace da sauƙin kuɗi, na'urori da sauran agaji don buƙatun da suka shafi nakasa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;The text of the Convention is available here: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Kundin Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Ƙasa da Ƙasa&quot; - wanda ya ƙunshi Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Kan Haƙƙoƙin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR) ta 1966; Matani na 11 da 12 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR) ta 1966; da kuma Mataki na 25 na Sanarwar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta 1948 ya rubuta juyin halittar haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da sauran haƙƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa da ruwa don a amince da su a cikin dokokin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Gupta, J., Ahlers, R., and Ahmed, L. 2010. The human right to water: Moving towards consensus in a fragmented world. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 19(3), 294–305&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Meier|first1=Benjamin Mason|last2=Kayser|first2=Georgia|last3=Amjad|first3=Urooj|last4=Bartram|first4=Jamie|date=15 November 2012|title=Implementing an Evolving Human Right Through Water and Sanitation Policy |journal=Water Policy |volume=15 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2015424|language=en|location=Rochester, N.Y.|ssrn=2015424}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malamai kuma sun jawo hankali ga mahimmancin yuwuwar amincewar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ga haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙarshen ƙarni na ishirin. Ƙoƙarin farko guda biyu na bayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa sun fito ne daga farfesan shari'a Stephen McCaffrey na Jami'ar Pacific (University of the Pacific) a shekarar 1992&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gintenlr5&amp;div=7&amp;id=&amp;page=], McCaffrey, S.C. &quot;A Human Right to Water: Domestic and International Implications&quot; (1992) V Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Issue 1, pp.1-24.&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Dr. Peter Gleick a shekarar 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;pacinst.org&quot;&gt;[http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2012/10/basic_water_needs_human_right_to_water.pdf], Gleick, P.H. &quot;The Human Right to Water&quot; (1999) Water Policy, Vol. 1, Issue 5, pp. 487-503.&lt;/ref&gt; McCaffrey ya bayyana cewa &quot;Irin wannan haƙƙi ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na haƙƙin samun abinci ko abin dogaro da rayuwa, haƙƙin lafiya, ko kuma mafi mahimmanci, haƙƙin rayuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Gleick ya ƙara da cewa: &quot;samun damar yin amfani da buƙatun ruwa na yau da kullum haƙƙi ne na ɗan adam na asali wanda dokokin duniya, sanarwa, da ayyukan Jihohi ke tallafawa a kaikaice da kuma kai tsaye.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;pacinst.org&quot; /&gt;

Kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (CESCR) wanda ke kula da bin ka'idojin ICESCR ya cimma matsaya madaidaiciya da ta waɗannan malamai a cikin Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 15 (General Comment 15) a shekarar 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An gano cewa, haƙƙin samun ruwa wani ɓangare ne na fito-na-fito na haƙƙin samun ingantaccen mizanin rayuwa kuma yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin samun mafi girman matsayi na lafiya da za a iya samu da kuma haƙƙoƙin samun isasshen gida da isasshen abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya bayyana cewa &quot;Haƙƙon ɗan adam na samun ruwa yana ba kowa damar samun isasshen ruwa, mai aminci, karɓaɓɓe, wanda za a iya shiga dashi ta jiki kuma mai sauƙin kuɗi don amfanin kai da na gida. Isasshen adadin ruwa mai aminci ya zama dole don hana mutuwa daga rashin ruwa a jiki, don rage haɗarin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ruwa da kuma samar da buƙatun sha, girki, da tsaftar kai da na gida.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Resources and Information|url=http://ww1.unhchr.ch/|access-date=27 November 2020|website=ww1.unhchr.ch|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520021758/http://ww1.unhchr.ch/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kasashe da yawa sun amince kuma sun amshe haƙƙin samun ruwa a matsayin ɓangare na wajibansu na yarjejeniya a ƙarƙashin ICESCR (misali, Jamus; United Kingdom;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=righttowater - Just another WordPress site|url=https://www.righttowater.info/|access-date=27 November 2020|website=righttowater|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netherlands&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human rights: the Netherlands officially recognises the right to water|url=http://www.irc.nl/page/39765|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222211635/http://www.irc.nl/page/39765|archive-date=22 February 2009|access-date=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;) bayan buga Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 15.

An ɗauki ƙarin mataki a shekarar 2005 ta tsohon Ƙaramar Hukumar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haɓakawa da Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam wadda ta fitar da jagorori don taimakawa gwamnatoci wajen cimmawa da girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Realization of the right to drinking water and sanitation Report of the Special Rapporteur, El Hadji Guissé|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/water/docs/SUb_Com_Guisse_guidelines.pdf|access-date=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan jagororin sun jagoranci Majalisar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya wajen naɗa Catarina de Albuquerque a matsayin kwararre mai zaman kansa kan batun wajibai na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli a shekarar 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/water/iexpert/overview.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706011034/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/water/iexpert/overview.htm|archive-date=6 July 2010|access-date=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta rubuta cikakken rahoto a shekarar 2009 wanda ya fayyace wajibai na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam ga tsaftar muhalli, kuma CESCR ta mayar da martani ta hanyar bayyana cewa ya kamata dukkan jihohi su amince da tsaftar muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Bayan tattaunawa mai tsanani, ƙasashe 122 sun amince a hukumance da &quot;Haƙƙon Ɗan Adam na Samun Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli&quot; a cikin Ƙudurin Majalisar Gabaɗaya mai lamba 64/292 a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=United Nations Official Document |publisher=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/64/292 |access-date=27 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya amince da haƙƙin kowane ɗan adam na samun isasshen ruwa don amfanin kai da na gida (tsakanin lita 50 zuwa 100 na ruwa ga kowane mutum a rana), wanda dole ne ya kasance mai aminci, karɓaɓɓe kuma mai sauƙin kuɗi (kuɗin ruwa kada ya wuce 3% na kuɗin shiga na gida), sannan kuma mai sauƙin shiga ta jiki (wurin samun ruwa dole ne ya kasance tsakanin mita 1,000 daga gida kuma lokacin ɗibo ruwa kada ya wuce mintuna 30).&quot;&lt;ref name= ref2 /&gt; Majalisar Gabaɗaya ta bayyana cewa tsaftataccen ruwan sha yana da &quot;mahimmanci ga cikakken more rayuwa da dukkan sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam&quot;.&lt;ref name= ref2 /&gt; A watan Satumba na shekarar 2010, Majalisar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta MDD ta amince da wani ƙuduri da ke amincewa da cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya kafa ɓangare na haƙƙin samun ingantaccen mizanin rayuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release |title=UN united to make the right to water and sanitation legally binding |date=1 October 2010 |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10403&amp;LangID=E |access-date=27 November 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129163313/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10403&amp;LangID=E |archivedate=29 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An tsawaita wa'adin Catarina de Albuquerque a matsayin &quot;Kwararre mai zaman kansa kan batun wajibai na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli&quot; kuma aka sake masa suna zuwa &quot;Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman kan haƙƙon ɗan adam na samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli&quot; bayan ƙudurin na shekarar 2010. Ta hanyar rahotanninta ga Majalisar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam da Majalisar Gabaɗaya ta MDD, ta ci gaba da fayyace fanni da abubuwan da ke cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. A matsayinta na Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman, ta magance batutuwa kamar su: Wajibai na Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam da Suka Shafi Samar da Ayyuka Masu Zaman Kansu a Fannin Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (2010);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10356&amp;LangID=E|title=Statement by the Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to safe drinking water and sanitation, Ms Catarina de Albuquerque at the 15th session of the Human Rights Council|website=newsarchive.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102053934/https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10356&amp;LangID=E|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Samar da Kuɗi Don Tabbatar da Haƙƙoƙin Samun Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (2011);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11542&amp;LangID=E|title=Statement by the Special Rapporteur on the right to access to safe drinking water and sanitation at the 66th Session of the General Assembly|website=newsarchive.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026102841/https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11542&amp;LangID=E|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gudanar da ruwan shaƙon (wastewater) wajen tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli (2013);&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/WaterAndSanitation/SRWater/Pages/WasteWaterManagement.aspx|title=OHCHR {{!}} Wastewater management|website=www.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Dorewa da rashin komawa baya wajen tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli (2013).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/WaterAndSanitation/SRWater/Pages/Sustainabilityretrogressionrealisationofwaterandsanitation.aspx|title=OHCHR {{!}} Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation|website=www.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; An naɗa Léo Heller a shekarar 2014 don zama Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman na biyu kan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam na samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli.

Ƙudurin da suka biyo baya sun tsawaita wa'adin Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman kuma suka bayyana matsayin kowace jiha wajen girmama waɗannan haƙƙoƙi. Ƙudurin Majalisar Gabaɗaya na baya-bayan nan mai lamba 7/169 na shekarar 2015 an kira shi da sanarwar &quot;Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Samun Tsaftataccen Ruwan Sha da Tsaftar Muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ya amince da bambanci tsakanin haƙƙin samun ruwa da haƙƙin samun tsaftar muhalli. An yanke wannan shawarar ne saboda damuwa game da yadda ake yin watsi da haƙƙin samun tsaftar muhalli idan aka kwatanta shi da haƙƙin samun ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/human_right_to_water_and_sanitation_media_brief.pdf|title=The Human Right to Water and Sanitation|website=United Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hukuncin shari'a na ƙasa da ƙasa ==
=== Kotun Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Amurka ===
An yi la'akari da haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin shari'ar Kotun Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Amurka (Inter-American Court of Human Rights) a kan batun &quot;Al'ummar Ƙasar Sawhoyamaxa v. Paraguay&quot;.&lt;ref name=para&gt;[http://www.escr-net.org/sites/default/files/Judgment%2C%20Case%20of%20the%20Sawhoyamaxa%20Indigenous%20Community%20v.%20Paraguay.pdf ''Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329234132/https://www.escr-net.org/sites/default/files/Judgment,%20Case%20of%20the%20Sawhoyamaxa%20Indigenous%20Community%20v.%20Paraguay.pdf |date=29 March 2017 }} (Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 29 March 2006).&lt;/ref&gt; Batutuwan da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da gazawar gwamnati wajen amincewa da haƙƙin mallakar filaye na kakanni na al'ummar ƙasar. A cikin shekarar 1991, gwamnati ta korar al'ummar Sawhoyamaxa daga filayensu, wanda hakan ya yi sanadiyyar rasa damar samun ayyukan yau da kullum na buƙata, kamar ruwa, abinci, makaranta, da ayyukan lafiya.&lt;ref name=para/&gt; Wannan ya faɗa ƙarƙashin fannin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Amurka; wanda ya keta haƙƙin rayuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=American Convention on Human Rights |publisher=Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |date=22 November 1969 |url=http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/Basic3.American%20Convention.htm |access-date=26 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618195529/http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/Basic3.American%20Convention.htm |archive-date=18 June 2013 }}, American Convention on Human Rights, article 4.&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwa yana cikin wannan haƙƙi, a matsayin ɓangare na damar samun fili. Kotun ta buƙaci a mayar da filayen, a ba da diyya, kuma a samar da kayayyaki da ayyukan yau da kullum na buƙata, yayin da al'ummar ke kan tsarin dawo da filayensu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.escr-net.org/node/365163f] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507013122/http://www.escr-net.org/node/365163f|date=7 May 2014}}, International Network for Economic, Social &amp; Cultural RIghts, Case of Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Warware Rikicin Zuba Jari ===
Shari'o'i masu zuwa daga Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Warware Rikicin Zuba Jari (ICSID) sun shafi kwangilolin da aka kulla tsakanin gwamnatoci da kamfanoni don kula da hanyoyin ruwa. Kodayake shari'o'in sun shafi tambayoyi na zuba jari, masana sun lura cewa tasirin kaikaice na haƙƙin samun ruwa a kan hukunce-hukuncen yana da mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=hUwgAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Azurix+Corp+v+Argentina+right+to+water&amp;pg=PA296], Global Public Interest in International Investment Law, Andreas Kulick, 2012 at 303.&lt;/ref&gt; Bayanan Bankin Duniya sun nuna cewa sayar da kamfanonin ruwa ga masu zaman kansu (water privatization) ya yi tashin gwauron zabi tun daga shekarun 1990 kuma gagarumin ci gaba a fannin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bakker|first=Karen|date=27 February 2013|title=Neoliberal Versus Postneoliberal Water: Geographies of Privatization and Resistance|journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume=103|issue=2|pages=253–260|doi=10.1080/00045608.2013.756246|bibcode=2013AAAG..103..253B |s2cid=143834419}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Azurix Corp v. Argentina ====
Shari'ar farko sananniya da ta shafi haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin ICSID ita ce ta &quot;Azurix Corp v. Argentina&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&amp;actionVal=showDoc&amp;docId=DC507_En&amp;caseId=C5 ''Azurix Corp v. Argentina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003503/https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&amp;actionVal=showDoc&amp;docId=DC507_En&amp;caseId=C5 |date=4 March 2016 }}, ICSID Case No ARB/01/12.&lt;/ref&gt; Rikicin ya kasance ne tsakanin Jamhuriyar Argentina da Kamfanin Azurix (Azurix Corporation) game da saɓanin da ya taso daga kwangilar shekaru 30 tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu don gudanar da samar da ruwa a larduna daban-daban. An yi la'akari da haƙƙin samun ruwa a kaikaice lokacin sasantawa don neman diyya, inda aka yanke shawarar cewa Azurix tana da haƙƙin samun kyakkyawan sakamako na kuɗi da ya dace da darajar kasuwa ta zuba jarin. Wannan ya saba wa dalar Amurka miliyan 438.6 da suka nema, tare da bayyana cewa mai hankali na kasuwanci ba zai iya tsammanin irin wannan riba ba, idan aka yi la'akari da iyakokin ƙarin farashin ruwa da gyare-gyaren da za a buƙata don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin samar da tsaftataccen ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&amp;actionVal=showDoc&amp;docId=DC507_En&amp;caseId=C5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003503/https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&amp;actionVal=showDoc&amp;docId=DC507_En&amp;caseId=C5|date=4 March 2016}}, Azurix Corp v Argentina ICSID Case No ARB/01/12 at 149.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Biwater Gauff Ltd v. Tanzania ====
Na biyu, makamanciyar shari'ar da ICSID ta fuskanta ita ce ta &quot;Biwater Gauff Ltd v. Tanzania&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&amp;actionVal=showDoc&amp;docId=DC1590_En&amp;caseId=C67 ''Biwater Gauff (Tanzania) Ltd v. Tanzania''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003519/https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&amp;actionVal=showDoc&amp;docId=DC1590_En&amp;caseId=C67 |date=4 March 2016 }}, ICSID Case No ARB/05/22.&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ma ya kasance rikici ne na kwangila tsakanin kamfanin ruwa mai zaman kansa da gwamnati, a wannan karon Jamhuriyar Haɗaddiyar Tanzania. Wannan kwangilar ta kasance don gudanarwa da tafiyar da tsarin ruwa na Dar es Salaam. A watan Mayu na shekarar 2005, gwamnatin Tanzania ta soke kwangilar da Biwater Gauff saboda zargin gazawarta wajen cika ka'idojin aiki. A watan Yuli na shekarar 2008, Kotun ta fitar da shawararta kan shari'ar, inda ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin Tanzania ta keta yarjejeniyar da suka yi da Biwater Gauff.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/Biwater-Tanzaniaarbitration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924155917/http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/Biwater-Tanzaniaarbitration|date=24 September 2013}},  Business &amp; Human RIghts Resource Centre, Biwater-Tanzania arbitration.&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai, ba ta ba wa Biwater diyya ta kuɗi ba,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biwater v. Tanzania|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/202/biwater-v-tanzania|access-date=12 December 2020|website=UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208061047/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/202/biwater-v-tanzania|archive-date=8 December 2023|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da amincewa cewa buƙatun amfanin jama'a ne mafi mahimmanci a cikin rikicin.

== Haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin dokokin cikin gida ==
Idan babu wata hukuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa da za ta iya tilasta aiwatar da shi, haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa ya dogara ne a kan ayyukan kotunan ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&amp;context=lucilr],  McGraw, George S. &quot;Defining and Defending the Right to Water and its Minimum Core: Legal Construction and the Role of National Jurisprudence&quot; ''Loyola University Chicago International Law Review'' Vol. 8, No. 2, 127-204 (2011) at 137.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa tushen wannan ne ta hanyar shigar da haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu (ESCR) cikin kundin tsarin mulki ta hanyar guda biyu: ko dai a matsayin &quot;manufofin jagora&quot; (directive principles) waɗanda manufofi ne kawai kuma galibi kotu ba za ta iya matsa lamba a kansu ba; ko kuma a matsayin waɗanda aka kiyaye su sosai kuma kotu za ta iya tilasta aiwatar da su.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129135516/http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf|date=29 January 2018}}, Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard &quot;Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground&quot; [2013] NZLJ 289 at 297&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Afirka ta Kudu ===
[[File:Communal tap for drinking water (2941731238).jpg|thumb|Wani rukunin mutane da suka taru a kusa da famfon unguwa a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu]]
A ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, an kiyaye haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar dokoki na yau da kullum. Wannan shaida ce ta ɗan sauye-sauye na fasaha ta biyu ta tsarin mulki wacce ake kira da &quot;tsarin dokokin tallafi&quot; (subsidiary legislation model). Wannan yana nufin cewa babban ɓangare na abubuwan da ke cikin haƙƙin da kuma aiwatar da shi ana yin su ne ta hanyar dokar cikin gida ta yau da kullum mai matsayi na tsarin mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;kaupapature.org.nz&quot;&gt;[http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129135516/http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf|date=29 January 2018}}, Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard &quot;Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground&quot; [2013] NZLJ 289 at 298&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mazauna Bon Vista Mansions v. Southern Metropolitan Local Council ====
Shari'ar farko sananniya da kotuna suka yi amfani da wannan tsari ita ce &quot;Mazauna Bon Vista Mansions v. Southern Metropolitan Local Council&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.communitylawcentre.org.za/projects/socio-economic-rights/Cases/South%20African%20Cases/high-court-cases/residents-of-bon-vista-mansions-v-southern-metropolitan-local-council-2002-6-bclr-625-w ''Residents of Bon Vista Mansions v. Southern Metropolitan Local Council''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507030206/http://www.communitylawcentre.org.za/projects/socio-economic-rights/Cases/South%20African%20Cases/high-court-cases/residents-of-bon-vista-mansions-v-southern-metropolitan-local-council-2002-6-bclr-625-w |date=7 May 2014 }}, High Court of South Africa, Case No. 01/12312.&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar an shigar da ita ne ta hanyar mazauna wani rukunin gidaje (Bon Vista Mansions), biyo bayan yanke samar da ruwa da Majalisar yankin ta yi, sakamakon rashin biyan kuɗin ruwa. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa, domin yin biyayya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu, a tsarin mulki duk mutane ya kamata su sami damar yin amfani da ruwa a matsayin haƙƙi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/a108-96.pdf], South African Constitution, Section 27(1)(a).&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙarin dalilin da ya sa aka yanke wannan shawarar ya dogara ne a kan Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 12 (General Comment 12) kan Haƙƙin Samun Abinci, wanda Kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya yi, wanda ke ɗora wa ɓangarorin yarjejeniyar wajibcin kiyayewa da girmama damar da mutane ke da ita a halin yanzu ta samun isasshen abinci ta hanyar rashin aiwatar da kowane irin matakan takawa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/gencomm/escgencom12.htm],
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment 12, Right to adequate food (Twentieth session, 1999), U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1999/5 (1999), reprinted in Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 62 (2003).&lt;/ref&gt;

Kotun ta gano cewa dakatar da tushen ruwan da ake da shi, wanda bai bi ƙa'idodin &quot;daidaito da adalci&quot; na Dokar Ayyukan Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu ba, ya kasance haramtacce.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031003941/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf|date=31 October 2017}}, South African Water Services Act [No. 108 of 1997] Section 4 (3)&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan shawara ta riga ɗaukar Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 15 na MDD.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/ga10967.doc.htm],  UN General Comment No. 15&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg ====
{{Main|Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg}}
An ƙara tattauna batun adadin ruwan da za a samar a cikin shari'ar &quot;Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPHC/2008/491.pdf ''Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg''], (06/13865) [2008] ZAGPHC 491;[2008] All SA 471 (W) (30 April 2008)&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar ta mayar da hankali ne a kan rarraba ruwa ta hanyar daddalar daddalar bututu zuwa Phiri, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin yankuna na Soweto. Wannan shari'ar ta shafi manyan batutuwa guda biyu: ko manufar birnin game da samar da kyautar ruwa na asali, lita 6,000 (kilolitres 6) a kowane wata ga kowane mai asusun ajiya a birnin tana cin karo da Sashi na 27 of Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ko Sashi na 11 na Dokar Ayyukan Ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031003941/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf|date=31 October 2017}}, South African Water Services Act. [No. 108 of 1997] Section 11&lt;/ref&gt; Batun na biyu shi ne ko sanya mita na ruwa na biyan kuɗi tukunna (pre-paid water meters) ya kasance daidai da doka.

An yanke hukunci a cikin Babban Kotun (High Court) cewa dokokin cikin gida na birnin ba su ba da umarnin sanya mita ba kuma sanya su ya kasance haramtacce. Bugu da ƙari, tunda mitocin suna dakatar da samar da ruwa ga mazauna da zarar kyautar ruwan asali ta ƙare, an ɗauki wannan a matsayin dakatar da samar da ruwa ta hanyar da ba ta dace da doka ba. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa ya kamata a samar wa mazauna Phiri kyautar ruwa ta asali lita 50 ga kowane mutum a kowace rana.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPHC/2008/491.pdf ''Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg''], (06/13865) [2008] ZAGPHC 491;[2008] All SA 471 (W) (30 April 2008) at 181&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan Cibiyar Nazarin Shari'a (CALS) ta Jami'ar Witwatersrand da ke Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Pacific Institute da ke Oakland, California, sun raba lambar yabo ta Business Ethics Network BENNY Award na shekarar 2008 saboda ayyukansu a kan wannan shari'ar.&lt;ref&gt;[http://businessethicsnetwork.org/] Business Ethics Network&lt;/ref&gt; Pacific Institute ta ba da shaidar shari'a bisa ga aikin Dr. Peter Gleick wanda ke bayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da kuma ƙayyade buƙatun ruwa na asali na ɗan adam.&lt;ref&gt;[http://pacinst.org/news/350/], Pacific Institute &quot;Pacific Institute Shares BENNY Award for Efforts in South African Water Rights Decision.&quot; (2008), Pacific Institute, Oakland, California&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadanda ake ƙara sun ɗaukaka ƙara zuwa Kotun Ƙoli ta Ɗaukaka Ƙara (SCA) wadda ta yanke hukuncin cewa an tsara manufar ruwa ta birnin ne bisa kuskuren shari'a game da wajibcin birnin na samar da mafi ƙanƙanta adadin da aka tsara a Ma'aunin Ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu, saboda haka aka soke ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/sites/PEG/docs/PEG%20Documents/10_SANS1-1.pdf?stdsid=14017755&amp;pid=free, |title=South African National Standard 3(b) |access-date=6 May 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071006/http://www.iso.org/sites/PEG/docs/PEG%20Documents/10_SANS1-1.pdf?stdsid=14017755&amp;pid=free, |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun ta kuma yanke hukuncin cewa adadin ruwan da ake buƙata don rayuwar ɗan adam mai daraja cikin bin sashi na 27 na kundin tsarin mulki a haƙiƙanin gaskiya lita 42 ne ga kowane mutum a kowace rana maimakon lita 50 ga kowane mutum a kowace rana. Hukumar SCA ta bayyana cewa sanya mitocin ruwa haramtacce ne, amma ta dakatar da aiwatar da umarnin na tsawon shekaru biyu don ba wa birnin damar gyara lamarin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saflii.org/cgi-bin/disp.pl?file=za/cases/ZASCA/2009/52.html&amp;query=mazibuko], Mazibuko and Another v National Director of Public Prosecutions (113/08) [2009] ZASCA 52; 2009 (6) SA 479 (SCA);  [2009] 3 All SA 548 (SCA) (26 May 2009)&lt;/ref&gt;

Batutuwan sun ci gaba zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki (Constitutional Court), wadda ta yanke hukuncin cewa aikin da kundin tsarin mulki ya kafa yana buƙatar cewa jiha ta ɗauki matakan doka masu dace da sauran matakai a hankali don cimma haƙƙin samun ruwa, gwargwadon wadatar arzikinta. Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta kuma bayyana cewa al'amari ne na majalisa da sashen zartarwa na gwamnati su yi aiki a cikin iyakokin kasafartansu, kuma binciken shirye-shiryensu al'amari ne na riƙon amana na dimokiraɗiyya.
Saboda haka, mafi ƙanƙancin abubuwan da ƙa'ida ta 3(b) ta tsara yana daidai da tsarin mulki, yana barin hukumomi su ƙara adadin zuwa sama, kuma bai dace kotu ta ƙayyade nasarar kowane haƙƙin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da gwamnati ta ɗauki matakan aiwatarwa ba.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.saflii.org/cgi-bin/disp.pl?file=za/cases/ZACC/2009/28.html&amp;query=mazibuko ''Mazibuko and Other v. City of Johannesburg and Others''] (CCt 39/09) [2009] ZACC 28; 2010 (3) BCLR 239 (CC); 2010 (4)  SA 1 (CC) (8 October 2009)&lt;/ref&gt; Kotunan a maimakon haka sun mayar da hankali kan bincikensu ga ko matakan da Gwamnati ta ɗauka suna da ma'ana, da kuma ko Gwamnati tana duba manufofinta akai-akai.&lt;ref name=&quot;kaupapature.org.nz&quot;/&gt; An soki hukuncin saboda yin amfani da &quot;ra'ayi mai iyakancewa na girmama shari'a ba gaira ba dalili&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Alston &amp; Goodman, International Human Rights, Oxford University Press (2013), Lucy A. Williams, &quot;The Role of Courts In The Quantitative-Implementation of Social and Economic Rights: A Comparative Study&quot;, 3 ''Constitutional Court Review'' 2010 [South Africa] (2011) 141&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Indiya ===
Shari'o'i biyu mafi fice a ƙasar Indiya game da haƙƙin samun ruwa suna nuna cewa kodayake ba a kiyaye wannan a fito fili ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya, kotuna sun fassara cewa haƙƙin rayuwa ya haɗa da haƙƙin samun tsaftataccen ruwa da isasshe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&amp;context=njihr], Amy Hardberger &quot;Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Water: Evaluating Water as a Human Right and the Duties and Obligations it Creates&quot; (2005) 4 ''Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights'' 331 at 352&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Jamuna River 04.jpg|thumb|Kogin Jamuna, kogin da jihar Haryana da birnin Delhi suke amfani da shi]]

==== Delhi Water Supply v. State of Haryana ====
A nan, an sami takaddama kan amfani da ruwa sakamakon gaskiyar cewa jihar Haryana tana amfani da Kogin Jamuna don noman rani (irrigation), yayin da mazauna Delhi suke buƙatarsa don sha. An ba da dalilin cewa amfanin gida ya fi amfanin kasuwanci na ruwa muhimmanci, kuma kotu ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne Haryana ta ba da damar isasshen ruwa ya isa Delhi don sha da amfanin gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiankanoon.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1520766/ ''Delhi Water Supply &amp; Sewage v. State Of Haryana &amp; Ors''], 1999 SCC(2) 572, JT 1996 (6) 107&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar ====
Hakanan abin lura shi ne shari'ar &quot;Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar&quot;, inda aka shigar da ƙara ta hanyar shari'ar maslahar jama'a (public interest litigation) game da zubar da daddala ko laka daga wuraren wanke-wanke zuwa cikin Kogin Bokaro. Kotuna sun gano cewa haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda Sashi na 21 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya ya kiyaye, ya haɗa da haƙƙin morar ruwa mara gurbatawa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|date=2 April 2012}}, The Constitution of India&lt;/ref&gt; Shari'ar ta gaza bisa ga hujjojin gaskiya kuma an yanke hukuncin cewa an shigar da ƙarar ne ba don kowane maslahar jama'a ba face don maslahar kansa ta mai ƙaran, saboda haka ci gaba da shari'ar zai zama cin zarafin tsari.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiankanoon.org&quot;/&gt;

==== Ranar Haƙƙoƙin Ruwa ta Duniya ====
Ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga waisuwar rayayyun halittu har da mutane. Saboda haka, samun damar yin amfani da ruwa mai tsarki da isasshe haƙƙi ne na ɗan adam da ba za a iya raba shi ba. Don haka, Ƙungiyar Eco Needs Foundation (ENF) tana ɗaukar da mahimmanci a amince da haƙƙin samun ruwa (tare da tabbataccen mafi ƙanƙancin adadin ruwa ga kowane mutum) ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin doka da aka bayyana fito fili. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tare da yarjejeniyoyinta da dama ta sanya shi ya zama tilas ga dukkan ƙasashe su tabbatar da daidaiton rarraba ruwa a tsakanin dukkan 'yan ƙasa. Haka zalika, ENF ta fara kiyayewa da haɓaka bikin Ranar Haƙƙoƙin Ruwa ta Duniya a ranar 20 ga watan Maris, ranar da Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (&quot;uba ga Indiya ta zamani&quot;) ya jagoranci satyagraha ta farko ta duniya don neman ruwa a shekarar 1927. Ranar Haƙƙoƙin Ruwa ta Duniya tana kiran da a ɗauki doka ta musamman da za ta kafa haƙƙin duniya na samun ruwa. Ƙarƙashin jagororin wanda ya kafa, Dr Priyanand Agale, ENF tana shirya shirye-shirye iri-iri don tabbatar da haƙƙin samun ruwa ga 'yan ƙasar Indiya.&lt;ref&gt;econeeds.org&lt;/ref&gt;

=== New Zealand ===
Ba a kiyaye ESCR a fito fili ba a ƙasar New Zealand a halin yanzu, ko dai ta Dokar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ko Dokar Haƙƙoƙi (Bill of Rights Acts), saboda haka ba a kare haƙƙin samun ruwa ta hanyar doka a can.&lt;ref&gt;Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard, [http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf &quot;Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129135516/http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf |date=29 January 2018 }}, [2013] NZLJ 289 at 299&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta New Zealand ta nuna kwanan nan cewa ƙasar za ta ƙara yin la'akari da matsayin shari'a na haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/76530/l-HR-Committee-ICCPR-List-of-Issues-Prior-to-Reporting-5-3-14-with-annexure,-UPR-submission-17-6-13.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304033140/http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/76530/l-HR-Committee-ICCPR-List-of-Issues-Prior-to-Reporting-5-3-14-with-annexure,-UPR-submission-17-6-13.pdf|date=4 March 2018}}, New Zealand Law Society Human Rights &amp; Privacy Committee, Submission to the 18th Session of The Human Rights Council, Shadow Report to New Zealand's 2nd Universal Periodic Review&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amurka ===
Babu wani haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da aka amince da shi a matakin tarayya a ƙasar Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://law.northeastern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/phrge-water-primer.pdf |title=The Human Right to Water in the United States |author1=Kevin Murray |author2=Sara Kominers |publisher=Northeastern University School of Law}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu dokokin tarayya suna kare ingancin ruwa:
* Dokar Amincin Ruwan Sha (Safe Drinking Water Act) tana shafar daddalar samar da ruwa na jama'a, amma ba rijiyoyin kanka ko ruwan kwalba ba
* Dokar Tsaface Ruwa (Clean Water Act), tana shafar ruwan saman ƙasa na Amurka
* Dokar Kariya da Maido da Albarkatu (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
* Superfund, wanda aka kafa ta Dokar Kula da Muhalli na Gabaɗaya, Diyya, da Alhakki ta shekarar 1980
* Dokar Manufofin Muhalli ta Ƙasa (National Environmental Policy Act), wacce ke buƙatar bayanan tasirin muhalli amma ba rage tasirin ba

=== Australia ===
Hankali a ƙasar Australia ya mayar ne a kan haƙƙoƙin 'Yan Ƙasar Asali na Australia (Indigenous Australians) na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Tarihin mulkin mallaka na mazauna (settler-colonialism) ya mamaye tsarin gudanarwar gwamnati na yau wanda ke tsara amfanin ruwa ga 'yan ƙasar asali. Akwai yarjejeniyoyin gwamnati da yawa, amma yawancinsu ba su cika ba don yin tasiri sosai a kan ikon haƙƙin 'yan ƙasar asali na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. A cikin shari'ar &quot;Mabo v. Queensland&quot; ta shekarar 1992, an amince da haƙƙoƙin 'yan ƙasar asali a shari'ance a karon farko. 'Yan ƙasar asali na Australia galibi suna da'awar alaƙar al'adu da ƙasar. Kodayake an amince da &quot;al'adu&quot; a kotu kamar yadda aka amince da albarkatun ƙasa, darajar al'adu da ta ruhaniya ta Aborigines ga guraren ruwa tana da fuskoki marasa tabbas. Yana da wahala amma kuma ana buƙatar canza darajar al'adunsu da ta ruhaniya zuwa fagen shari'a. A halin yanzu, kusan babu wani ci gaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Poirier|first1=Robert|last2=Schartmueller|first2=Doris|date=1 September 2012|title=Indigenous water rights in Australia|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2011.11.002|journal=The Social Science Journal|volume=49|issue=3|pages=317–324|doi=10.1016/j.soscij.2011.11.002|s2cid=144101999|issn=0362-3319|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Burdon|first1=Peter|last2=Drew|first2=Georgina|last3=Stubbs|first3=Matthew|last4=Webster|first4=Adam|last5=Barber|first5=Marcus|date=2 October 2015|title=Decolonising Indigenous water 'rights' in Australia: flow, difference, and the limits of law|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2014.1000907|journal=Settler Colonial Studies|volume=5|issue=4|pages=334–349|doi=10.1080/2201473X.2014.1000907|s2cid=154484189|issn=2201-473X|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dokar ruwa ta Australia madaidaiciya tana ba da umarnin ruwan saman ƙasa ga 'yan ƙasa waɗanda za su iya amfani da ruwan saman amma ba za su iya mallaka ba. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, duk da haka, babu wani bayani game da ruwan cikin gida da na gaɓar kogi. Saboda haka, fannin haƙƙoƙin ruwan cikin gida/na gaɓar kogi sune manyan ayyuka na jihohi. Gwamnatin Tarayya (Commonwealth Government) tana samun iko a kan ruwa ta hanyar aron taimakon alaƙar waje, gami da Ikon Tallafi (Grants Power) da Ikon Kasuwanci da Ciniki (Trade and Commerce Power).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2000, Kotun Tarayya ta kammala yarjejeniyar da ta ba wa masu mallakar filaye na asali damar ɗaukar ruwa don amfanin gargajiya. Sai dai, amfanin ya takaita ga al'adun gargajiya kawai, wanda bai haɗa da noman rani a matsayin aikin gargajiya ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

A watan Yunin 2004, CoAC ta kammala yarjejeniyar tsakanin gwamnatoci kan Tsarin Ruwa na Ƙasa (NWI), tana haɓaka amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan ƙasar asali na samun ruwa. Sai dai, NWI ba ta damu sosai game da daddalar tarihin mulkin mallaka na mazauna ba, wanda ya tsara tsarin rarraba ruwa mara daidaito ta hanyar tsari. Mutanen asali a Australia suna ci gaba da neman haƙƙin samun ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2014|title=Indigenous people's right to water under international law: a legal pluralism perspective|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877343514000700|journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability|language=en|volume=11|pages=26–33|doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2014.09.015|issn=1877-3435|last1=Gupta|first1=Joyeeta|last2=Hildering|first2=Antoinette|last3=Misiedjan|first3=Daphina|bibcode=2014COES...11...26G |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tattaunawa da suka rage ==
=== Tasiri tsakanin iyakoki ===
[[File:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg|thumb|Matakin da Habasha ta ɗauka na cika madatsar ruwa ta Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam zai iya rage kwararar Kogin Nilu da kusan kashi 25% tare da lalata gonakin ƙasar Masar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=In Africa, War Over Water Looms As Ethiopia Nears Completion Of Nile River Dam |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/02/27/589240174/in-africa-war-over-water-looms-as-ethiopia-nears-completion-of-nile-river-dam?t=1595668819363 |work=NPR |date=27 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[File:Nord-Krim-Kanal.png|right|thumb|Bayan mamaye yankin Crimea da Rasha ta yi, ƙasar Ukraine ta toshe Hanyar Ruwa ta Arewacin Crimea (North Crimean Canal), wacce ke samar da kashi 85% na ruwan sha ga Crimea.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pray For Rain: Crimea's Dry-Up A Headache For Moscow, Dilemma For Kyiv |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/pray-for-rain-crimea-s-dry-up-a-headache-for-moscow-dilemma-for-kyiv/30515986.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=29 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ganin cewa samun ruwa wani lamari ne da ke shafar iyakokin ƙasashe da kuma zama sanadin takaddama a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Tekun Mediterranean da wasu sassa na Arewacin Amurka da sauran wurare, wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da masana suna jayayya cewa haƙƙin samun ruwa yana da fuskoki na ketare iyakar ƙasa ko na waje. Suna jayayya cewa tunda hanyoyin samar da ruwa a dabi'ance suna shiga cikin juna kuma suna ketare iyakoki, jihohi suna da hurumin shari'a na kada su yi aiki ta hanyar da za ta iya cutar da morar haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a sauran ƙasashe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIAN International|url=https://fian.org/en/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=fian.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amincewa a hukumance da wannan wajibci na shari'a zai iya hana mummunan tasiri na &quot;ƙarancin ruwa&quot; na duniya (a matsayin barazanar nan gaba da kuma mummunan sakamako guda ɗaya na yawan jama'a).[http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/pp091805.shtml]

Ƙarancin ruwa da ƙaruwar amfani da ruwan sha suna sa wannan haƙƙin ya kasance mai sarkakiya sosai. Yayin da yawan jama'ar duniya ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri, ƙarancin ruwan sha zai haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Ƙarancin adadin ruwa yana kawo tambayar ko ya kamata a canza ruwa daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata ko a'a.&lt;ref name= ref3&gt;McCaffrey, Stephen C. &quot;Human Right to Water: Domestic and International Implications, A.&quot; ''Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev.'' 5 (1992): 1.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Takaddamar Ruwa Tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan ====
Takaddamar ruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan tana samun tasiri ne daga ƙarancin ruwa a yankin Kudancin Asiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bakhtawar|first=Saadia|date=2012|title=Water: an Economic Resource Conflict between India and Pakistan|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3597519|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3597519|issn=1556-5068|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙasashen biyu suna da wata yarjejeniya da ke akwai da ake kira Yarjejeniyar Ruwan Indus (Indus Waters Treaty). An kafa yarjejeniyar ce don takaita rikici tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan game da amfani da rafin Indus da kuma rarraba ruwa ga ƙasashen biyu bayan sun sami 'yancin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Salman|first1=Salman M. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GEr4fyDbqgC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers: A Legal Perspective|last2=Uprety|first2=Kishor|date=2002|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-5352-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Indus Waters Treaty {{!}} History, Provisions, &amp; Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Indus-Waters-Treaty|access-date=2 May 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sai dai, sabani game da ita ya kunno kai. A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, an amince wa Indiya ta yi amfani da rafin kogin yamma don noman rani da sauran amfanin da ba sa cinye ruwan gaba ɗaya, yayin da Pakistan ke da mafi yawancin iko a kan rafin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Indus Waters Treaty|url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6439/Indus|access-date=2 May 2021|website=mea.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amma, Pakistan ta bayyana damuwarta cewa gine-ginen da Indiya ke yi a kogunan na iya haifar da mummunan ƙarancin ruwa a Pakistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt; Haka kuma, Pakistan ta bayyana cewa madatsun ruwa da Indiya ta gina don amfanin da ba ya ƙarewa ana iya amfani da su wajen karkatar da kwararar ruwa tare da katse hanyoyin samar da ruwa na Pakistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharma|first=Pankaj Kumar|date=2012|title=Conflict over Water Between India and Pakistan: Fear and Hopes?|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856568|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|volume=73|issue=1|pages=133–140|jstor=41856568|issn=0019-5510}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, yarjejeniyar ta shafi koguna da suka samo asali daga Jammu da Kashmir, waɗanda aka cire su daga ikon sarrafa albarkatun ruwansu na kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

=== Mayar da ruwa harkar kasuwanci da sabanin samarwa na jiha ===
Akwai saɓani game da wanda ke da alhakki, idan ma akwai, na tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Sau da yawa, ra'ayoyi guda biyu suna fitowa daga irin wannan tattaunawa: nauyin jiha ne ta samar da tsaftataccen ruwa ga mutane sabanin mika rarrabawa da tsaftace muhalli ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (privatization).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Ana gabatar da mayar da ruwa harkar kasuwanci (commercialization) a matsayin martani ga ƙaruwar ƙarancin ruwa wanda ya samo asali saboda yawan jama'ar duniya ya ninkasu sau uku yayin da buƙatar ruwa ta ƙaru sau shida. Tsarin kasuwar muhalli (market environmentalism) yana amfani da kasuwanni a matsayin mafita ga matsalolin muhalli kamar gurɓataccen muhalli da rashin amfani da albarkatu yadda ya kamata. Masu goyon bayan wannan tsari sun yi amfani da ra'ayin cewa sarrafa ruwa a matsayin kayan tattalin arziki ta hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu zai fi inganci fiye da yadda gwamnatoci ke samar da albarkatun ruwa ga 'yan ƙasarsu. Masu goyon bayan hakan suna da'awar cewa kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ke kashewa wajen haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa don rarraba albarkatun ruwa ba su dace da fa'idodin da ake samu ba, don haka suke ɗaukar jihar a matsayin mai samar da ruwa marar tasiri. Haka kuma, ana jayayya cewa mayar da ruwa haja ta kasuwanci yana haifar da dorewar sarrafa ruwa saboda kwarin gwiwa na tattalin arziki ga masu amfani na yin amfani da ruwa cikin hikima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Wilder|first1=Margaret|last2=Romero Lankao|first2=Patricia|date=November 2006|title=Paradoxes of Decentralization: Water Reform and Social Implications in Mexico|journal=World Development|language=en|volume=34|issue=11|pages=1977–1995|doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.026|citeseerx=10.1.1.391.1544}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Su kuwa masu adawa sun yi imanin cewa sakamakon kasancewar ruwa haƙƙi ne na ɗan adam ya fitar da sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kuma yana buƙatar a ba dukan mutane ruwa saboda yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwa. Samun ruwa a matsayin haƙƙi na ɗan adam yana amfani da shi ta wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) azaman hanyar yaƙi da ƙoƙarin mika shi ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa &quot;yawanci ya dogara ne akan hujjoji guda biyu: rashin madadin ruwan sha ('mahimmanci ga rayuwa'), da kuma gaskiyar cewa sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da yawa waɗanda aka amince da su a sarari a cikin Yarjejeniyar MDD sun ginu ne akan samuwa (da aka zata) na ruwa (misali haƙƙin samun abinci).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref4&quot;&gt;Bakker, Karen. &quot;The &quot;Commons&quot; Versus the &quot;Commodity&quot;: Alter‐globalization, Anti‐privatization and the Human Right to Water in the Global South&quot;. ''Antipode'' 39.3 (2007): 430-455.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙungiyoyi ==
An jera ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki a kan haƙƙoƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙasa.

=== Ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ===
* OHCHR (Ofishin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam)
* UNDP
* UNICEF
* [http://sanitationandwaterforall.org Tsaftar Muhalli da Ruwa ga Kowa (Sanitation and Water for All)]

=== Hukumomin haɗin gwiwa na gwamnati ===
* DFID (Hukumar Haɗin Gwiwa ta Masarautar Birtaniya)
* GIZ (Kamfanin Jamus don Haɗin Gwiwar Ƙasa da Ƙasa)
* SDC (Hukumar Swiss don Ci gaba da Haɗin Gwiwa)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Error|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/error.html|access-date=30 March 2021|website=www.eda.admin.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* EPA (Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=US EPA|first=OMS|date=22 February 2013|title=Regulatory Information by Topic: Water|url=https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-topic/regulatory-and-guidance-information-topic-water|access-date=11 April 2021|website=US EPA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{failed verification|date=March 2026}}&lt;!-- unclear the US recognizes this as a human right --&gt;

=== Ƙungiyoyi da hanyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu na ƙasa da ƙasa ===
* Yaki da Yunwa (Action against Hunger - ACF)
* Blood:Water&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Blood:Water|url=https://www.bloodwater.org/|access-date=2 May 2021|website=Blood:Water|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cibiyar Tsaron Ruwa da Haɗin Gwiwa (Center for Water Security and Cooperation)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actualizing the right to water|url=https://www.ourwatersecurity.org/righttowater|access-date=25 July 2020|website=cwsc|language=en|archive-date=28 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065359/https://www.ourwatersecurity.org/righttowater|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hanyar Sadarwa ta Ayyukan Ruwa Mai Daɗi (Freshwater Action Network - FAN)&lt;ref name=&quot;freshwateraction.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Freshwater Action|url=http://www.freshwateraction.net/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016111506/http://www.freshwateraction.net/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 October 2002|access-date=30 March 2021|website=www.freshwateraction.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ruwa Mai Tsarki ga Duniya (Pure Water for the World)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Pure Water for the World – Pure Water for the World|url=https://www.purewaterfortheworld.org/about-pww/|access-date=27 April 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518093313/https://www.purewaterfortheworld.org/about-pww/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Aikin DigDeep na Haƙƙin Ruwa (The DigDeep Right to Water Project)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DIGDEEP|url=https://www.digdeep.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=DIGDEEP|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Pacific Institute&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pacific Institute {{!}} Advancing Water Resilience|url=https://pacinst.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Pacific Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Aikin Ruwa (The Water Project)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Help Solve the Water Crisis in Africa|url=https://thewaterproject.org/why-water/solving-the-water-crisis|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Water Project|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Transnational Institute tare da aikin Adalcin Ruwa (Water Justice project)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Search results|url=https://www.tni.org/en/search/language/en|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Transnational Institute|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* UUSC&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.uusc.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Unitarian Universalist Service Committee|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* WaterAid
* WaterLex (ta daina aiki tun daga shekarar 2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WaterLex – Securing human rights to water and sanitation through law and policy reform|url=https://www.waterlex.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* PeaceJam
* Thirst Project

==Manazarta.==</text>
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    <title>Hartmut Ritzerfeld</title>
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'''Hartmut''' &quot; '''Hacky''' &quot; '''Ritzerfeld''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1950 - ya mutu a ranar 1 Janairun shekarar 2024) ɗan ƙasar [[Jamus]] ne mai zanen hotuna na zahiri .

== Rayuwa ==
An haife shi a Büsbach, da farko da Ritzerfeld ya horar da shi azaman mai gyaran taga daga shekarar 1965 zuwa 1968 kafin ya yi karatu a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf daga 1969 zuwa 1976 tare da [[Joseph Beuys]] (zane, abu da fasahar wasan kwaikwayo) da Interlanguage Karl Kneidl (tsarin mataki). A Shekarar 1975 ya zama babban dalibi na Joseph Beuys. Hakan ya biyo bayan ziyarar karatu a Zurich. Daga nan ya zauna a takaice a Aachen kafin ya koma gidan iyayensa a Stolberg. Karl Kneidl|de

Ritzerfeld ya yi 'yunƙurin fasaha' na farko a cikin salon makarantar Vienna na gaskiya mai ban mamaki a cikin shekara ta 1968; Samfurin shine mai zanen Viennese Ernst Fuchs . Ba da dadewa ba ya juya ga magana ; tare da wasu batutuwan da ya fi so sune hotuna, shimfidar wurare, da ciki. Yayin da yake dan shekara 20 ya iya ganin Beuys a talabijin; Farkon walƙiya wanda ya sa Ritzerfeld ya zama mai sha'awar ayyukansa. A cikin shekarar farko ta &quot;Lokacin Beuys&quot; ya juya zuwa salon gargajiya na Makarantar zane-zane na Düsseldorf, tare da Andreas Achenbach yana da tasiri musamman. Ta hanyar zane-zane na metaphysical na Carlo Carrà da kuma zanen baƙar fata na Mirko Virius, a ƙarshe ya isa zanen tare da manufar halitta . Ya ƙara fifita zanen gine-gine: “Na zana abin da ke faruwa a cikin wani birni da ke kewaye da ni kuma na yi ƙoƙarin ganin hakan ta hanyar zane-zane.” Bayan haka ya sami nasa &quot;nahawu&quot;, wanda ya fi daidai a cikin siffar siffarsa fiye da na Neue Wilde .

Daga 1994, Ritzerfeld yana da ɗakin karatu tare da ɗan uwansa Angelika Kühnen|de, na farko a Breinig, sannan a cikin Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum kuma tun 2012 a Stolberg-Büsbach (Kotun Art na Turai). Ayyukan Ritzerfeld suna wakiltar tarin tarin yawa da gidajen tarihi ciki har da a cikin Suermondt-Ludwig Museum a Aachen, wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya karɓi tarin Peter Lacroix|de tare da hotuna da yawa ta Ritzerfeld a matsayin gudummawa a cikin 2006.

Ritzerfeld, tare da Win Braun|de| da Emil Sorge|de Sorge da kuma Franz-Bernd Becker|de, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Eifelmaler de group.

== Mutuwa ==
Ritzerfeld ya fuskanci wata mota a Büsbach a farkon Disamban shekarar 2023. A cikin haɗarin mota ya sami raunuka a kansa, rauni mai rauni a kwakwalwa, da kuma karaya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dirk Müller |date=7 December 2023 |title=Bangen um den Stolberger Maler Hacky Ritzerfeld |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/region-aachen/eschweiler/bangen-um-den-stolberger-maler-hacky-ritzerfeld/5120230.html |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=aachener-zeitung.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mutu daga raunin da ya samu a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2024, a {{Interlanguage link|Stolberg Bethlehem Hospital|de|Stolberger Bethlehem-Krankenhaus}} . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrea Zuleger |date=2 January 2024 |title=Zum Tod des Künstlers Hacki Ritzerfeld |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/region-aachen/aachen/ich-bin-die-ziege-von-picasso/6461882.html |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=aachener-zeitung.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andrea Zuleger |date=2 January 2024 |title=Künstler Hacki Ritzerfeld in Stolberg gestorben |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/region-aachen/aachen/hacki-ritzerfeld-gestorben/6439840.html |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=aachener-zeitung.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance 73.

== nune-nunen ==
Ayyukan Hartmut Ritzerfeld an nuna su a nune-nune da yawa, musamman a Jamus:

* 1976 Galerie Arno Kohnen, Düsseldorf
* 1986-1989 {{Interlanguage link|Leopold-Hoesch-Museum|de}}, Düren, Katalog
* 1986–1989 Neue Galerie, Sammlung Ludwig, Aachen
* 1988 Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum, Aachen
* 1988 Kunstmuseum Bonn
* 1988 Städtisches Museum Ulm
* 1988 Landesmuseum für Kunst-und Kulturgeschichte, Oldenburg
* 1988 Neue Galerie, Sammlung Murken, Meerbusch
* 1989 Museum Wiesbaden
* 1989-1998 Städtische Galerie Regensburg
* 1995–2000 Kunst und Breinig, Solberg
* 1993 {{Interlanguage link|Leopold-Hoesch-Museum|de}}, Düren
* 1997–1998 Ludwig Forum für internationale Kunst, Aachen
* 1998 Haubrichforum, Köln
* 1998 Kunsthalle Barmen
* 1998 Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal
* 1998 Kunstmuseum Thun, Schweiz
* 1998 Städtische Galerie Albstadt
* 1999 Landgericht Aachen
* 1999 Städtische Galerie Aschaffenburg
* 1999 Städtische Galerie Delmenhorst, Haus Coburg
* 2000 Schloss Babenhausen, Hessischer Kulturverein
* 2000-2001 Städtisches Museum Leverkusen, Schloss Morsbroich
* 2001 Museum Zitadelle, Jülich
* 2002 Dorotheum-Palais, Wien, Österreich
* 2004 Museum Zinkhütter Hof, Stolberg
* 2004 Museumsinsel Lüttenheid, Klaus Groth Museum, Heide
* 2007 La otra Galeríà, Port d'Andratx, Mallorca, Spanien
* 2007 Associacio Cultural, &quot;Sa Taronja&quot;, Port d'Andratx, Mallorca, Spanien
* 2008 Galerie Sommer, Graz, Österreich
* 2008 Galerie S, Aachen
* 2008 Planet Vivid Gallery, Frankfurt a. M.
* 2009 PostForum, Düren
* 2020 {{Interlanguage link|Burg Stolberg|de}}, Stolberg

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* Hartmut Ritzerfeld, 4 akustische Arbeiten
* [http://www.galerie.de/rudifredlinkegalerie/kuenstler_details-10428.html Kurzbiografie, Abbildungen] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.galeriemarcojansen.de/hartmut-ritzerfeld.html Kurzbiografie, Galerie Marco Jansen]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://planet-vivid-gallery.de/artist.php?artist_code=hartmut_ritzerfeld Abbildungen]
* [https://www.denkmalplatz.de/hartmut-ritzerfeld/ Yanar Gizo Hartmut Ritzerfeld]
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]]</text>
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'''Joel-Onowakpo Thomas''' (an haife shi 27 ga watan Afrilu 1967) ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne  akanta, ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa. Sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[Delta South|Delta ta Kudu]] a majalisa ta 10 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Joel-Onowakpo Beats Okowa’s Ally, Ejele, to Emerge Delta South Senator-elect |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/01/joel-onowakpo-beats-okowas-ally-ejele-to-emerge-delta-south-senator-elect/amp/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=NASS POLLS: Okumagba Congratulates Joel-Onowakpo Thomas |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/nass-polls-okumagba-congratulates-joel-onowakpo-thomas/amp/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=vanguardngr.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance shugaban zartarwa na farko kuma shugaban zartarwa na biyar na hukumar tattara haraji ta jihar Delta daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2009 zuwa 22 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=Board of Internal Revenue |url=https://deltabir.com/en/AboutUs |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=deltabir.com }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Delta Former Revenue Board Chairman, Joel-Onowakpo Emerges APC Senatorial Candidate |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/05/29/delta-former-revenue-board-chairman-joel-onowakpo-emerges-apc-senatorial-candidate |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=saharareporters.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-24 |title=Delta Revenue Board chairman promises to make office ICT compliant |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/delta-revenue-board-chairman-promises-to-make-office-ict-compliant/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=vanguardngr.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1967]]
[[Rukuni:Rayyayun Mutane]]</text>
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'''Joel-Onowakpo Thomas''' (an haife shi 27 ga watan Afrilu 1967) ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne  akanta, ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa. Sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[Delta South|Delta ta Kudu]] a majalisa ta 10 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Joel-Onowakpo Beats Okowa’s Ally, Ejele, to Emerge Delta South Senator-elect |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2023/03/01/joel-onowakpo-beats-okowas-ally-ejele-to-emerge-delta-south-senator-elect/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=NASS POLLS: Okumagba Congratulates Joel-Onowakpo Thomas |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/nass-polls-okumagba-congratulates-joel-onowakpo-thomas/amp/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=vanguardngr.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance shugaban zartarwa na farko kuma shugaban zartarwa na biyar na hukumar tattara haraji ta jihar Delta daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2009 zuwa 22 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=Board of Internal Revenue |url=https://deltabir.com/en/AboutUs |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=deltabir.com }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Delta Former Revenue Board Chairman, Joel-Onowakpo Emerges APC Senatorial Candidate |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/05/29/delta-former-revenue-board-chairman-joel-onowakpo-emerges-apc-senatorial-candidate |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=saharareporters.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-05-24 |title=Delta Revenue Board chairman promises to make office ICT compliant |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/delta-revenue-board-chairman-promises-to-make-office-ict-compliant/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=vanguardngr.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1967]]
[[Rukuni:Rayyayun Mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Jerin gidajen tarihi da aka mayar da hankali ga Afrikawan Amurka</title>
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      <text bytes="13853" sha1="s8q5filnozv70vhktx84azvho6u2u0n" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Dr._Carter_G._Woodson_Museum.jpg|thumb|Misali na gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka ta Amirka: Gidan Tarihin Tarihin Afirka ta Amirka na Dokta Carter G. Woodson . Woodson shine wanda ya kafa Black History Month, kuma sanannen malami.]]
Wannan jerin gidajen tarihi ne a Amurka wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan al'adun Afirka da tarihin Afirka. Irin waɗannan gidajen tarihi an fi sani da gidajen tarihi na Afirka. A cewar masanin kimiyya Raymond Doswell, gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka shine &quot;ma'aikata da aka kafa don adana al'adun Afirka&quot;.{{Sfn|Doswell|2008}}

Gidajen tarihi suna da manufa ta &quot;tattara da adana kayan tarihi game da tarihi da al'adun al'adu&quot;. Gidajen kayan gargajiya na Afirka na Amurka suna raba waɗannan manufofi tare da ɗakunan ajiya, ƙungiyoyin asali, ƙungiyoyin tarihi, da ɗakunan karatu na bincike.{{Sfn|Dickerson|1991}} Gidajen tarihi sun bambanta da ɗakunan ajiya, ƙungiyoyin asali, ƙungiyoyin tarihi, abubuwan tunawa, da ɗakunan karatu na bincike saboda suna da ainihin manufar ilimi ko kyakkyawa tattarawa da nuna abubuwa, da nune-nunen yau da kullun ga jama'a.{{Sfn|Burcaw|1997}} Kasancewa a buɗe ga jama'a (ba kawai masu bincike ba ko ta hanyar alƙawari) da kuma samun sa'o'i na yau da kullun ya sa gidajen tarihi ban da wuraren tarihi ko wasu wurare waɗanda zasu iya kiran kansu gidajen tarihi.{{Sfn|Burcaw|1997}}

== Tarihin gidajen tarihi na Afirka a Amurka ==
[[Fayil:NMAAHC_(33628525655).jpg|thumb|Nunin a Gidan Tarihi da Al'adu na Afirka ta Amirka. Gidajen tarihi ba kawai suna tattarawa da adana kayan tarihi da al'adu ba, ainihin manufar su ilimi ne ko kyawawan abubuwa.]]
Gidan kayan gargajiya na farko na Afirka na Amurka shine Gidan Tarihin Kwalejin a Hampton, Virginia, wanda aka kafa a 1868.  Kafin 1950, akwai kimanin gidajen tarihi 30 da aka sadaukar da su ga al'adun Afirka da tarihin Amurka a Amurka. Wadannan sun kasance da farko a kwalejoji da jami'o'i na baƙar fata na tarihi ko a ɗakunan karatu waɗanda ke da mahimman al'adun Afirka da tarihin tarihin Afirka.

An haɓaka mahimman tarin a Kwalejin Bennett a Greensboro, North Carolina; Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee; Jami'an Howard a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]; Jami'in Lincoln a Chester County, Pennsylvania; Jami'iyyar Jihar Morgan a Baltimore, Maryland; Kwalejin Talladega a Talladega, Alabama; da Jami'ar Tuskegee a Tuskegee, Alabama.{{Sfn|Dickerson|1991}} Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin tarihi na gida, kungiyoyin tarihi, da kungiyoyin karatu a cikin al'ummomi na Afirka na Amurka suma sun tattara kuma sun nuna kayan tarihi na al'adun Afirka na Amurka.{{Sfn|Coleman|2006}}

Gidan kayan gargajiya na farko mai zaman kansa, ba tare ba riba ba a Amurka shine Gidan Tarihin Afirka na Amurka a Cleveland, Ohio (wanda aka kafa a 1956), Gidan Tarihi na DuSable na Tarihin Afirka na Amurka a [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] (wanda aka gina a 1960), da Gidan Tarijin Tarihin Afirka ya Charles H. Wright a [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] (wanda aka Kafa a 1965). A cikin shekarun 1960s, makamashi na [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Amurka]] ya haifar da kafa gidajen tarihi na Afirka da yawa.{{Sfn|Coleman|2006}} Tsakanin 1868 da 1991, akwai kimanin gidajen tarihi na Afirka 150 da aka kafa a jihohi 37.{{Sfn|Dickerson|1991}}

Tun lokacin da aka buɗe shi a cikin 2016, gidan kayan gargajiya na Afirka mafi girma a Amurka shine Gidan Tarihi da Al'adun Afirka na Smithsonian Institution. Mai riƙe da rikodin da ya gabata shine Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History a Detroit, Michigan . {{Sfn|Dagbovie|2010}}

== Jerin gidajen tarihi ==
''Wannan tebur ne mai rarrabawa. Danna kan shafi da kuke so an tsara shi ta hanyar.''
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Sunan Gidan Tarihi
! Birni
! Jihar
! Shekarar Kafuwa
! Madogara
! Hoto
|-
| Gidan Tarihi da Al'adu na Bakar fata a Waterloo
| [[Waterloo]]
| [[Iowa]]
| 1997
| 
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Ma'aikatan Jirgin Ƙasa na Pullman
| [[Chicago]]
| [[Illinois]]
| 1995
| 
| [[File:Randolph Museum.jpg|110px]]
|-
| The Africa Center
| [[New York City]] ([[Manhattan]])
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
| 1984
| 
| [[File:The Africa Center (48052806767).jpg|100px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Yaƙin Basasa na Bakar fata
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| [[Washington, D.C.|D.C.]]
| 1999
| 
| 
|-
| Cibiyar Bincike da Al'adu ta Bakar fata
| [[Fort Lauderdale]]
| [[Florida]]
| 2002
| 
| [[File:Picture of Broward County's African American Research Library.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Ma'aikatan Wuta Bakar fata
| [[Los Angeles]]
| [[California]]
| 1997
| 
| [[File:Fire Station No. 30 (African American Firefighters Museum).jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Sojojin Bakar fata
| [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi|Hattiesburg]]
| [[Mississippi]]
| 2000
| 
| [[File:AfricanAmericanMilitaryHistoryMuseum Exterior.jpg|100px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Al'adu da Harsuna na Bakar fata
| [[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]]
| [[Arizona]]
| 2005
| 
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata a Dallas
| [[Dallas]]
| [[Texas]]
| 1974
| 
| [[File:African American Museum August 2016 03.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi da Laburare na Bakar fata a Oakland
| [[Oakland, California|Oakland]]
| [[California]]
| 1994
| 
| [[File:African American Museum and Library at Oakland (2008).jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata a Cleveland
| [[Cleveland]]
| [[Ohio]]
| 1956
| 
| [[File:Afommus.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata a Philadelphia
| [[Philadelphia]]
| [[Pennsylvania]]
| 1976
| 
| [[File:African American Museum in Phila.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata a Iowa
| [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa|Cedar Rapids]]
| [[Iowa]]
| 2003
| 
| [[File:African American Museum of Iowa.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata na Nassau County
| [[Hempstead, New York|Hempstead]]
| [[New York (state)|New York]]
| 1970
| 
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata na Arts
| [[DeLand, Florida|DeLand]]
| [[Florida]]
| 1994
| 
| [[File:Deland AAMA01.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Bakar fata na Kudancin Illinois
| [[Carbondale, Illinois|Carbondale]]
| [[Illinois]]
| 1997
| 
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi da Al'adu na Afro-American a Jersey City
| [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]
| [[New Jersey]]
| 1984
| 
| [[File:Greenville Library n museum 1841 JFKB jeh.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Cibiyar Tarihi da Bincike ta Bakar fata ta Jihar Alabama
| [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]]
| [[Alabama]]
| 1990
| 
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Bakar fata a Alexandria
| [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]]
| [[Virginia]]
| 1987
| 
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Bakar fata a Amurka
| [[Milwaukee]]
| [[Wisconsin]]
| 1988
| 
| [[File:America's Black Holocaust Museum.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Anacostia
| [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]
| [[Washington, D.C.|D.C.]]
| 1967
| 
| [[File:Anacostia-Museum B&amp;W.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi da Lambu na Anne Spencer
| [[Lynchburg, Virginia|Lynchburg]]
| [[Virginia]]
| 1997
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Faulconer|first=Justin|title=Area around Anne Spencer House and Garden Museum added to national historic register|work=Lynchburg News and Advance|date=September 8, 2014|access-date=August 10, 2015|url=http://www.newsadvance.com/news/local/area-around-anne-spencer-house-garden-museum-added-to-national/article_c793864c-37cd-11e4-b06c-001a4bcf6878.html|postscript=none}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; {{cite news|last=Higgins|first=Adrian|title=A Virginia Haven of the Harlem Renaissance|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 29, 2014|page=C1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Spencer House Lynchburg Nov 08.JPG|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na APEX (African American Panoramic Experience)
| [[Atlanta]]
| [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| 1978
| {{sfn|Lefever|Page|2008|page=80}}
|
|-
| Makarantar Sakandaren Armstead T. Johnson
| [[Montross, Virginia|Montross]]
| [[Virginia]]
| 2000
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Steven|title=Segregation to Preservation: Northern Neck school made a big difference|work=Cooperative Living|date=February 2020|pages=14–15|access-date=March 13, 2021|url=http://www.qgdigitalpublishing.com/publication/?m=59300&amp;i=647176&amp;p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Armstead T. Johnson High School.jpg|100px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Backstreet Cultural
| [[New Orleans]]
| [[Louisiana]]
| 1999
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Reckdahl|first=Katy|title=With founder ailing, fundraiser will seek to aid Treme's Backstreet Cultural Museum|work=The Advocate|date=December 2, 2015|access-date=March 11, 2021|url=https://www.nola.com/news/article_8406b62a-1b3d-5b9e-8610-4089e5bf46c1.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:TremeBackstreet.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Banneker-Douglass
| [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]]
| [[Maryland]]
| 1984
| {{sfn|Holland|2007|page=121}}
| [[File:Mt Moriah Jul 09.JPG|110px]]
|-
| Benjamin Banneker Historical Park da Gidan Tarihi
| [[Oella, Maryland|Oella]]
| [[Maryland]]
| 1998
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Susan|title=A Banneker plan: Museums named for scientist to be lent artifacts|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 4, 1997|page=B1|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|first=Dianne|last=Burch|title=Picture This: Vintage Poster Promotes a Nearby National Treasure: America's first African-American man of science made his home in Oella|work=Catonsville Patch|date=June 5, 2012|access-date=July 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719160002/http://patch.com/maryland/catonsville/picture-this-vintage-poster-promotes-a-nearby-national-treasure|archive-date=July 19, 2016|url=http://patch.com/maryland/catonsville/picture-this-vintage-poster-promotes-a-nearby-national-treasure}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Benjamin Banneker Historical Park and Museum Feb 18, 2017, 1-09 PM edit (33082346766).jpg|110px]]
|-
| [[Beck Cultural Exchange Center]]
| [[Knoxville, Tennessee]]
| [[Tennessee]]
| 1975
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Hannah|title=Beck Cultural Center preserves Black history in Knoxville|work=WATE|date=October 4, 2021|access-date=March 29, 2022|url=https://www.wate.com/news/tennessee-treasures/beck-cultural-center-preserves-black-history-in-knoxville/|archive-date=November 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130155618/https://www.wate.com/news/tennessee-treasures/beck-cultural-center-preserves-black-history-in-knoxville/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| Bertha Lee Strickland Cultural Museum
| [[Seneca, South Carolina]]
| [[South Carolina]]
| 2015
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Dorsett|first=Chad|title=Ribbon cutting at Bertha Lee Strickland Cultural Museum|work=WSNW|date=November 17, 2015|access-date=December 1, 2016|url=http://wsnwradio.com/ribbon-cutting-at-bertha-lee-strickland-cultural-museum/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[Birmingham Civil Rights Institute]]
| [[Birmingham, Alabama]]
| [[Alabama]]
| 1992
| {{sfn|Romano|2006|page=28}}
| [[File:Sixteenth Street Baptist Church section of the Milestone exhibition gallery in the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.jpg|110px]]
|-
| [[Black American West Museum and Heritage Center]]
| [[Denver, Colorado]]
| [[Colorado]]
| 1971
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Wenzel|first=John|title=Paul Stewart, founder of Black American West Museum, dies at 89|work=The Denver Post|date=November 12, 2015|access-date=December 6, 2015|url=http://www.denverpost.com/lifestyles/ci_29109022/paul-stewart-founder-black-american-west-museum-dies}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Justina Ford House.JPG|110px]]
|-
| Black Cowboy Museum
| [[Rosenberg, Texas]]
| [[Texas]]
| 2017
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Nir|first=Sarah Maslin|title=Restoring Black Cowboys to the Range|work=The New York Times|date=September 14, 2019|access-date=September 15, 2019|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/travel/black-cowboy-museum-texas.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| Tarihin Baƙar fata 101 Mobile Museum
| [[Detroit, Michigan]]
| [[Michigan]]
| 1995
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=McCollum|first=Brian|title=Ex-DPS Teacher's Black History 101 Mobile Museum Carves a Niche|work=Detroit Free Press|date=February 28, 2012|access-date=March 2, 2012|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20120228/ENT05/202280367/Ex-DPS-teacher-s-Black-History-101-Mobile-Museum-carves-a-niche}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| Gidan Tarihi na Black History da Cibiyar Al'adu na Virginia
| Richmond
| [[Virginia]]
| 1981
| {{sfn|Curtis|1996|page=248}}
| [[File:Black History Museum, Richmond.JPG|110px]]
|-
| Blanchard House Museum
| [[Punta Gorda, Florida]]
| [[Florida]]
| 2004
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Kridel|first=Kristen|title=Blanchard House reopens|work=Sarasota Herald Tribune|date=February 5, 2006|access-date=March 8, 2021|url=https://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20060205/blanchard-house-reopens}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| Bontemps Gidan kayan tarihi na Amurka
| [[Alexandria, Louisiana]]
| [[Louisiana]]
| 1988
| {{sfn|Shuman|2002|page=194}}
| 
|-
| Brazos Valley African American Museum
| Bryan
| [[Texas]]
| 2006
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Welch|first=Arena|title=Museum celebrates a dream on opening day|work=The Brazos Valley Eagle|date=July 26, 2006|access-date=September 22, 2017|url=http://www.theeagle.com/news/local/museum-celebrates-a-dream-on-opening-day/article_937150d7-1b0e-5549-80e2-3e4420eb716e.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201155401/https://theeagle.com/news/local/museum-celebrates-a-dream-on-opening-day/article_937150d7-1b0e-5549-80e2-3e4420eb716e.html|archive-date=December 1, 2024|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Brazos valley african american museum.jpg|110px]]
|-
| Bronzeville Children's Museum
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
| [[Illinois]]
| 1998
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mathie|first=Frank|title=Bronzeville Children's Museum reopens after move|website=WLS-TV|date=August 18, 2008|access-date=May 11, 2010|url=https://abc7chicago.com/archive/6335587/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629025432/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news%2Flocal&amp;id=6335587|archive-date=June 29, 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:20100409 Bronzeville Childrens Museum.jpg|110px]]
|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Surfing</title>
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      <text bytes="1334" sha1="ocskl30wu60m2mkvpp0drtwgjm40ldr" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}Surfing wasa ne na ruwa wanda mutum, mai hawan igiyar ruwa (ko biyu a cikin hawan igiya), yana amfani da allon don hawa a kan sashi na gaba, ko fuska, na motsi na ruwa, wanda yawanci ke ɗaukar mai hawan ruwa zuwa bakin teku. Ana samun raƙuman ruwa da suka dace don hawan igiyar ruwa a bakin teku, amma kuma ana iya samun su a matsayin raƙuman raƙuman da ke tsaye a cikin teku, a cikin tabkuna, a cikin koguna a cikin nau'in ruwa, ko tafkunan raƙuman.&lt;ref&gt;https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&amp;to=ha&amp;page=Surfing&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin hunturu a arewacin arewa, Arewacin Kogin Oahu, tsibirin na uku mafi girma na [[Hawaii]], an san shi da samun wasu raƙuman ruwa mafi kyau a duniya. Masu hawan igiyar ruwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna taruwa zuwa hutu kamar Backdoor, Waimea Bay, da Pipeline. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai wuraren raƙuman ruwa da yawa a duniya: Teahupo'o, wanda ke bakin tekun Tahiti; [[California]]&quot; id=&quot;mwTw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Mavericks, California&quot;&gt;Mavericks, California, Amurka; Cloudbreak, Tavarua Island, Fiji; Superbank, Gold Coast, [[Asturaliya|Australia]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2022/5/sebastian-steudtner-surfs-giant-wave-and-smashes-world-record-705874&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/50-surf-spots/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;
==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun, 1991</title>
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      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[1991 Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun]] to [[Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun, 1991]]</comment>
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Zaben gwamna na Jihar Ogun na 1991 ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1991. Dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]] [[Olusegun Osoba]] ya lashe zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shettima |first=Kole Ahmed |date=December 1995 |title=Engendering Nigeria's Third Republic |journal=African Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=38 |pages=61–98 |jstor=524793}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - The Third Republic |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/76.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=countrystudies.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elections in Nigeria |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=africanelections.tripod.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halin da ake yi ==
An gudanar da zaben gwamna ta amfani da tsarin zabe mai budewa. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani ga jam'iyyun biyu don zabar masu ɗaukar tutar su a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How we politicked in the past, by veterans |url=https://dailytrust.com/how-we-politicked-in-the-past-by-veterans |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427235835/https://dailytrust.com/how-we-politicked-in-the-past-by-veterans |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CONTRADICTING ITSELF An Undemocratic Transition Seeks To Bring Democracy Nearer |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/pdfs/n/nigeria/nigeria924.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210080216/http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/pdfs/n/nigeria/nigeria924.pdf |archive-date=February 10, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GOVERNORSHIP AND HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS, DECEMBER 14, 1991 |url=https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/ce01273.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204145243/http://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/ce01273.pdf |archive-date=December 4, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zaben ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1991. Dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar SDP|SDP]] [[Olusegun Osoba]] ya lashe zaben.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: Corroboration of state assembly and gubernatorial election results for Lagos State, December 1991 |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6aae538.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Refworld |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blemmyes</title>
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[[File:Blemmyes map.jpg|thumb|Location of the Blemmyes in Late Antiquity]]
'''Blemmyes''' (tsohon Girkanci: Βλέμμυες ko Βλέμυες, Blémues [blé.my.es], Latin: Blemmyae) mutane ne na Hamada ta Gabas waɗanda suka bayyana a rubuce-rubuce tun daga karni na 7 BC har zuwa karni na 8 AD.&lt;ref&gt;Christides, Vassilios (1980). &quot;Ethnic Movements in Southern Egypt and Northern Sudan: Blemmyes-Beja in Late Antique and Early Arab Egypt until 707 A. D.&quot;. Listy filologické. 103 (3): 129–143. JSTOR 23464092.&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen karni na 4, sun mamaye Lower Nubia kuma sun kafa masarauta. Daga rubuce-rubucen a cikin haikalin Isis a Philae, an san adadi mai yawa game da tsarin mulkin Blemmyan.&lt;ref&gt;Welsby, Derek (2002), The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia: Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile, British Museum, pp. 16–17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafi yawa ana gano Blemmyes a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan al'adun X-Group na archaeological waɗanda suka bunƙasa a cikin Late Antiquity.[1] Ganewar su tare da mutanen Beja waɗanda suka zauna yanki ɗaya tun daga Tsakiyar Tsakiya ana yarda da su gaba ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Dijkstra, Jitse H.F. (2018), &quot;Blemmyes&quot;, The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, p. 253&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dijkstra, Jitse H.F. (2013), &quot;Blemmyes&quot;, The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Wiley, pp. 1145–1146&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalin ==
Kusan 1000 BC wani rukuni na mutane, wanda masana ilimin kimiya suka kira C-group, sun yi hijira daga Lower Nubia (yankin da ke tsakanin Aswan na yau da Wadi Halfa) suka zauna a Upper Nubia (kwarin Nilu a arewacin Dongola a Sudan), inda suka ci gaba da mulkin Napata daga kimanin 750 BC. Na wani lokaci wannan masarauta ta mallaki Masar ma, tana ba da daularta ta 25. Na zamani tare da su akwai ragowar kayan tarihi na wani rukunin al'adu, &quot;mutanen kabari.&quot; An gano su da Medjay na rubuce-rubucen kafofin.&lt;ref&gt;Bietak 1986: 17 f.&lt;/ref&gt; An samo wuraren da ke da alaƙa da su a Khor Arba'at da Erkowit a cikin tsakiyar yankin Beja na yau. Shaidun sun nuna cewa wasu tsiraru ne kawai na &quot;mutanen kaburbura&quot; sun rayu a cikin kwarin Nilu, inda suka kasance a cikin ƙananan al'ummomin da ke tsakanin Masarawa da C-group, ana amfani da su lokaci-lokaci a matsayin masu leken asirin hamada, mayaka ko ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai. Galibin tabbas makiyayan hamada ne, jakuna masu kiwo, tumaki da awaki. Bayan 600 BC, daular Napatan, daular C-group ta rasa iko a kan Masar da kuma ƙananan Nubia ta zama kango. Yankin na ƙarshe ya kasance fiye ko žasa ba tare da matsuguni na dindindin ba tsawon ƙarni huɗu. Babban bayani na dakatar da zaman jama'a a Lower Nubia shi ne bushewar wannan yanki na duniya, yana sa noman kwarin kogin wahala. Saboda sauyin yanayi, an rage matakin kogin Nilu zuwa wani mataki wanda ba za a iya biya shi kawai a farkon karni na farko miladiyya ba, lokacin da aka samar da keken ruwa na saqiyah. Har zuwa lokacin, yankin ba shi da yawa daga makiyayan hamada. A siyasance, “wata kasa ce ta ba kowa inda ayari, sai dai idan an ba su rakiyar masu yawa, aka kai su ga ‘yan bindiga”.&lt;ref&gt;Dahl, Gudrun (2006). &quot;Precolonial Beja: A Periphery at the Crossroads&quot; (PDF). njas.helsinki. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-06-10&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimin kalmomi ==
Ilimin sanin ilimin asali wanda Joseph Halévy ya fara gabatarwa ya haɗa sunan Blemmyes tare da kalmar Beja ta zamani bálami &quot;mazaunan hamada, nomad&quot;, wanda aka samo daga bal &quot;hamada&quot;.

== Tarihi ==
Mutanen da ake magana a cikin rubutun Helenanci kamar Blemmyes na iya samun farkon ambaton su a matsayin Masarawa Bwrꜣhꜣyw a cikin kushite na gadon sarauta na Anlamani daga Kawa daga ƙarshen karni na bakwai BC. Wakilin Brhrm a cikin takardar koke daga El Hiba daga baya karni ɗaya na iya yin nuni da tushe iri ɗaya. Irin waɗannan kalmomin suna sake faruwa a cikin kafofin Masar daga ƙarni na baya tare da ƙarin takamaiman wasiƙu zuwa ga kalmar Blemmyes ta Girka. A cikin 'yan Koftik, Ⲃɩ

Kalmar Helenanci ta fara bayyana a karni na uku BC a cikin ɗayan waƙar Theocritus da kuma a cikin Eratosthenes, wanda aka ambata a cikin Strabo's Geographica (ƙarni na farko AD). Eratosthenes ya bayyana Blemmyes kamar yadda suke zaune tare da Megabaroi a cikin ƙasa tsakanin Kogin Nilu da Bahar Maliya a arewacin Meroë. Strabo da kansa, inda ya same su a kudancin Syene (Aswan), ya bayyana su a matsayin mahara makiyaya amma ba bellicose. A cikin rubuce-rubucen da suka biyo baya, an kwatanta Blemmyes a cikin stereotypical kalmomi a matsayin ƴan baranda mazauna kudancin Masar. Pomponius Mela da Pliny dattijo sun bayyana su a matsayin wasu marasa kai da fuskokinsu a kan ƙirji.&lt;ref&gt;Barnard, Hans (2005). &quot;Sire, il n'y a pas de Blemmyes: A Re-Evaluation of Historical and Archaeological Data&quot;. In Starkey, Janet (ed.). People of the Red Sea: Proceedings of Red Sea Project II Held in the British Museum October 2004. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–40. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 1-84171-833-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jerome Foster na II</title>
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{{Databox}}

Jerome Foster II (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2002) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare muhalli ne na Amurka. Shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta mai ba da shawara a Fadar White House a tarihin Amurka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title='I'm hopeful': Jerome Foster, the 18-year-old helping to craft US climate policy |url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/13/jerome-foster-us-biden-climate-crisis |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;spyscape.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster II: The Teen White House Advisor Who Speaks Truth to Power |url=https://spyscape.com/article/jerome-foster-ii-the-19-year-old-white-house-advisor-with-big-plans-to-save-the-earth |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=spyscape.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910073214/https://spyscape.com/article/jerome-foster-ii-the-19-year-old-white-house-advisor-with-big-plans-to-save-the-earth |archive-date=2024-09-10 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Shari'a ta Muhalli a cikin Gwamnatin Biden.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=Jerome Foster II: Climate activists you should know |url=https://www.mic.com/impact/who-is-jerome-foster-climate-activist |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Mic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foster babbar murya ce ga al'ummomin da aka ware da masu aiki a wurare da ke turawa ga adalci na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Newsela {{!}} Climate and social activist: An interview with Jerome Foster II |url=https://newsela.com/read/interview-youth-activist-jerome-foster |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=newsela.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foster na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu shirya Jumma'a don Makomar; gudanar da yajin aikin yanayi na mako-mako a ƙofofin gaba na Fadar White House sama da makonni 57.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chaney |first=Kathy |date=2022-01-24 |title=Meet Teen Climate Hero: Jerome Foster II |url=https://yr.media/news/teen-climate-hero-jerome-foster-ii-jeremiah-griffith-true-star/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=YR Media |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya taba aiki a matsayin mai horar da majalisa ga wakilin Amurka John Lewis yana da shekaru 16 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Washington DC yana da shekaru 14.

Foster ya taimaka wajen shirya wasu manyan tafiye-tafiye na yanayi a Washington, DC,  kuma ya yi magana a Babban Kwamitin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan 'Yancin Dan Adam a watan Afrilun 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster II |url=https://www.globalcitizenyear.org/speaker/jerome-foster-ii/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Global Citizen Year |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424004411/https://www.globalcitizenyear.org/speaker/jerome-foster-ii/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Taron Matasan Majalisar Dinkinobho na Yanayi a watan Satumbar 2019. Foster ya sami karbuwa a duniya bayan ya shirya Yajin aikin yanayi a waje da Fadar White House kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban kasar Al Gore ya yi masa tambayoyi a [[Atlanta]] Climate Reality Leadership Training a watan Maris na shekara ta 2019.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Jerome Foster II a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]],  a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2002, ta mahaifiyarsa René Foster, da mahaifinsa, Jerome Foster Sr.  &lt;ref name=&quot;age&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=JeromeFosterII|title=I am so excited be 18 years old tomorrow. That means I will be vote in this November Presidential Election!}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Earth Day inside movement2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-18 |title=Planning protests, not prom: Inside today's youth climate strike movement |url=https://www.earthday.org/inside-youth-climate-strike-movement/ |access-date=2020-02-03 |publisher=Earth Day |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foster ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Washington Leadership Academy, ta kammala karatu a watan Yunin 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;spyscape.com&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2019, Ofishin DC na Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta Jiha ne ya zaba shi don halartar [[Jami'ar Harvard]] a lokacin bazara na goma sha ɗaya.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster II |url=https://earthoptimism.si.edu/2020-summit/speakers/jerome-foster-ii/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919102504/https://earthoptimism.si.edu/2020-summit/speakers/jerome-foster-ii/ |archive-date=19 September 2020 |access-date=2020-03-24 |website=earthoptimism.si.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 January 2020 |title=Jerome Foster II, The American Greta Thunberg |url=http://www.thegreenmarketoracle.com/2020/01/fifty-shades-of-greta.html |access-date=2020-03-24 |publisher=The Green Market Oracle}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foster ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a watan Yunin 2020  kuma tana karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Pace.  &lt;ref name=&quot;spyscape.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=JeromeFosterII|title=I GRADUATED HIGH SCHOOL!!&lt;br&gt; I am incredibly excited to have graduated AND even prouder to be a part of the Class 2020, forever marked as a class of resiliency. We didn't get a proper prom or graduation but we still graduated together as peers. #ClassOf2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yunkurin fafutuka ==

=== TAU VR ===
Lokacin da Foster ke da shekaru 14, ya kafa wata kungiya ta fasaha mai zurfi, TAU VR, wacce ta gina yanayin gaskiya game da Tarihin Amurka, Canjin Yanayi, da Shige da Fice na Latin Amurka zuwa Amurka, da sauransu. A watan Satumbar 2017, an nuna TAU VR a kan XQ Super School Live, wanda aka watsa a kan ABC, CBS, NBC, da FOX wanda ya nuna labarinsa na sanya 3rd a World Series of Entrepreneurship .

=== Mai ba da rahoto game da yanayi ===
Foster, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, ya kafa The Climate Reporter, wata hanyar labarai ta duniya da ke mai da hankali kan yanayi da ke ba da rahoto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2019 |title=Global Climate Strike: 5 Youth Activists Who Are Leading the Charge on Climate Action |url=https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/articles/global-climate-strike-5-youth-activists-who-are-leading-the-charge-on-climate-action |access-date=2020-03-06 |publisher=Rainforest Alliance |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Terri |date=2019-09-20 |title=Four Climate Scientists on How to Take on Climate Change Today |url=https://www.nationofchange.org/2019/09/20/four-climate-scientists-on-how-to-take-on-climate-change-today/ |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=NationofChange |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yunkurin Yanayi na Fadar White House ===
A matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Greta Thunberg]]'s School Strike for Climate protest, Foster ya gudanar da yajin aikin yanayi na mako-mako a gaban [[White House|Fadar White House]] a Lafayette Square . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez/ABC7 |first=Ashlie |date=2020-03-06 |title=DC HS student has held climate change rally in front of White House for 57 weeks in a row |url=https://wjla.com/news/local/dc-hs-student-climate-change-rally-white-house |access-date=2020-03-23 |publisher=WJLA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yes taking to Capitol2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=First-Arai |first=Leanna |date=May 24, 2019 |title=This 16-Year-Old Is Taking the School Climate Strike to the U.S. Capitol |url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/environment/2019/05/24/climate-strike-american-capitol-student |access-date=2020-02-03 |website=Yes! Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2019, Thunberg a matsayin wani ɓangare na tafiyarta ta Amurka zuwa [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2019|COP 25]] a Santiago, [[Chile]] ta shiga yajin aikin yanayi na Foster na White House wanda ya jawo dubban mutane zuwa shafin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kelsey Juliana v. U.S.: Meet the Young Woman Suing the Federal Government over the Climate Crisis |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2019/9/20/youth_climate_lawsuit_juliana_v_united |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=Democracy Now! |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-09-13 |title=&quot;Our future is a right&quot;. Youth climate activists strike outside White House |url=https://www.earthday.org/our-future-is-a-right-youth-climate-activists-strike-outside-white-house/ |access-date=2020-03-24 |publisher=Earth Day |language=en |archive-date=2020-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418072946/https://www.earthday.org/our-future-is-a-right-youth-climate-activists-strike-outside-white-house/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar shirya wadannan yajin aikin yanayi, Foster ta sadu da Jane Fonda kuma ta ci gaba da yin aiki tare da Fonda a ranar Jumma'a ta Fire Drill.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-05 |title=50 Years of Fighting: Jane Fonda talks activism with rising star Jerome Foster II |url=https://grist.org/fix/50-years-of-fighting-jane-fonda-talks-activism-with-rising-star-jerome-foster-ii/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=Fix |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== OneMillionOfUs ===
Foster ya kafa OneMillionOfUs a farkon 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=OneMillionOfUs |url=https://www.c-span.org/organization/?135483/OneMillionOfUs |access-date=2020-02-03 |publisher=C-SPAN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-14 |title=19 youth climate activists you should be following on social media |url=https://www.earthday.org/19-youth-climate-activists-you-should-follow-on-social-media/ |access-date=2020-02-03 |publisher=Earth Day |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster |url=https://www.c-span.org/person/?123171 |access-date=2020-02-03 |publisher=C-SPAN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta da kuma bayar da shawarwari. Manufarta ita ce &quot; ilimantarwa, karfafawa da kuma tattara motsi na matasa don yin aiki a cikin jama'a da shiga cikin gida da na duniya ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar matasa da suka mayar da hankali&quot;,  OneMillionOfUs ya gina babban hadin gwiwa wanda zai samar da matasa da kayan aikin da suke bukata don haifar da canjin tsarin a cikin al'ummominsu, gine-ginen makarantu da ofisoshin siyasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=How Youth Climate Activist Jerome Foster II Became the Voice for One Million Young People |url=https://xqsuperschool.org/rethinktogether/youth-climate-activist-jerome-foster-ii/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Rethink Together |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606225009/https://xqsuperschool.org/rethinktogether/youth-climate-activist-jerome-foster-ii/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kungiyar ta kuma kirkiro &quot;Uniting Youth Coalition&quot;  wanda ke wakiltar ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar matasa 5: tashin hankali na bindiga, [[Canjin yanayi]], sake fasalin shige da fice, [[Daidaiton jinsi|daidaito tsakanin jinsi]], da daidaiton launin fata don samun sarari a cikin gida da na duniya don daidaita abubuwan da suka faru da kamfen tsakanin ƙungiyoyi. 

=== COP27 Bincike kan 'Yancin LGBTQ+ ===
A watan Yulin 2022, Foster da abokin aikinsa, Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, sun rubuta wasika  don yin kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta matsa taron kolin yanayi na COP27 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Atmos |date=2022-08-03 |title=The Dangers of a COP27 in Egypt |url=https://atmos.earth/cop27-egypt-human-rights-climate-justice/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Atmos |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; saboda &quot;LGBTQ + azabtarwa, yankan mata, da kuma hana haƙƙin jama'a&quot; ya ce &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-07-15 |title=UN urged to move Cop27 from Egypt over 'LGBTQ+ torture' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jul/15/un-cop27-egypt-lgbtq-climate-crisis |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bayan sun fara bincika tsarin tafiye-tafiye zuwa Sharm El-Sheikh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=The Dangers of a COP27 in Egypt |url=https://atmos.earth/cop27-egypt-human-rights-climate-justice/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Atmos |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar yadda Foster ya kasance mai nuna bambanci da bambanci a bayyane,  shi da abokin aikinsa &quot;za a iya yin niyya&quot;  a cewar Guardian News.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-14 |title=Finding Love in the Apocalypse |url=https://atmos.earth/climate-activists-dating-couples-valentines-day/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Atmos |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

Wasikar, wacce aka yi wa Babban Sakataren UNFCCC, Patricia Espinosa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nexus |first=Climate |date=2022-08-11 |title=COP27 in Egypt Subjects LGBTQIA+ Climate Activists to Human Rights Abuses |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/cop27-egypt-human-rights.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=EcoWatch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; fitattun masu fafutuka kamar Nadya Tolokonnikova, Ahmed Alaa, da [[Eric Njuguna]] ne suka sanya hannu. Ma'auratan suna kiran UNFCCC ba tare da aiki ba cin amanar al'umma da kuma &quot; nuna bambanci na asali&quot;.  Foster ya jaddada cewa, &quot;akwai mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka na ƙasashe a Afirka waɗanda har yanzu za su haɗa da muryoyin Afirka. Mutane kada su zama abincin canon don motsi na yanayi. Cop27 zai kasa idan yana cikin Masar saboda za a bar muryoyin masu mahimmanci&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-08-11 |title=COP27 in Egypt Subjects LGBTQIA+ Climate Activists to Human Rights Abuses |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/cop27-egypt-human-rights.html |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=EcoWatch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=Why Cop27 Has Already Let Us Down |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/cop27-viewpoint-jerome-foster-elijah-mckenzie-jackson |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==

=== Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Columbia ===
A shekara 15, Foster ya zama wakilin dalibai guda daya da ke aiki a Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta Jihar Columbia, yana aiki don inganta bukatun kammala karatun sakandare tun daga aji na 2030 a fadin Gundumar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rethinking the District's High School Graduation Requirements {{!}} sboe |url=https://sboe.dc.gov/gradreqs |access-date=2021-05-07 |website=sboe.dc.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ayyukan horar da majalisa ===
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Foster ya nemi zama mai horar da wakilin Amurka John Lewis, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin wata hira a ƙarshen 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=Karenna |date=2020-08-20 |title=Activist Jerome Foster II Shares the Valuable Lessons Congressman John Lewis Taught Him |url=https://www.popsugar.com/node/47705929 |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=POPSUGAR News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar Jumma'a a lokacin karatunsa, ya gudanar da taron yanayi na mako-mako a ƙofofin gaba na [[White House|Fadar White House]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Greta Thunberg]]'s Jumma'ana For Future movement don ba da shawara don aiwatar da Dokar Ilimi ta Canjin Yanayi wanda zai kara ilimin muhalli a matsayin babban batun a duk makarantun Amurka da kuma samar da kudade ga kwalejoji don ci gaba da bincike kan [[Matsalar Yanayi|Rikicin yanayi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dingell |first=Debbie |date=2019-04-23 |title=H.R.2349 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Climate Change Education Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2349 |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=www.congress.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gwamnatin Biden ===
A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2021, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa Foster zai yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Shari'ar Muhalli ta Fadar White, yana ba da shawarwari game da [[Adalcin Muhalli|Rashin adalci na muhalli]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=White House Announces Environmental Justice Advisory Council Members |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ceq/news-updates/2021/03/29/white-house-announces-environmental-justice-advisory-council-members/ |access-date=26 April 2021 |website=The White House}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-29 |title=White House Announces Environmental Justice Advisory Council Members |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ceq/news-updates/2021/03/29/white-house-announces-environmental-justice-advisory-council-members/ |access-date=2021-04-15 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Foster tana cikin dangantaka da mai fafutukar yanayin yanayi na Burtaniya Elijah McKenzie-Jackson tun daga 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-08-12 |title=Exclusive – Jerome Foster and Elijah McKenzie-Jackson talk intersectional activism |url=https://thred.com/exclusives/exclusive-jerome-foster-and-elijah-mckenzie-jackson-talk-intersectional-activism/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Thred Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun sanar da alkawarinsu a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster II on LinkedIn: 🤍💍 Elijah McKenzie-Jackson, I love you to the stars and back!! |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jfosterii_elijah-mckenzie-jackson-i-love-you-activity-7073773802374975488-Ckfo |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==

* Jerin Kasuwanci na Duniya - 2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alumni |url=http://worldseriesofe.com/alumni/ |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=World Series of Entrepreneurship {{!}} Changing the Trajectory of Lives |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* DC Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Jagora da Kyautar sadaukarwa - 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster Rethinking the District's High School Graduation Requirements |url=https://sboe.dc.gov/gradreqs |access-date=2020-03-20 |publisher=D.C. State Board of Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Union of Concerned Scientists' Defender of Science Award 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2019 UCS Science Defenders |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/2019-ucs-science-defenders |access-date=2020-03-20 |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Audubon Naturalist Society 2020 Kyautar Gwarzon Muhalli na Matasa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster II {{!}} 2020 Youth Environmental Champion |url=https://anshome.org/2020/02/jerome-foster-ii-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320043435/https://anshome.org/2020/02/jerome-foster-ii-2/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |access-date=2020-03-20 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Grist 50! Nasarar da aka samu a cikin muhalli - 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jerome Foster II Grist 50: 2020: Celebrating 5 Years of Fixers |url=https://grist.org/grist-50/2020/#jerome-foster-ii |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=Grist |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nasarar Matasan Futurist na Tushen - 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2020 |title=Young Futurists 2020: America Needs Leaders Now More Than Ever. Here Are 25 Who Are Already About That Life |url=https://www.theroot.com/young-futurists-2020-america-needs-leaders-now-more-th-1842641788 |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=The Root |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Gidauniyar Kyaftin Planet Young Superhero for Earth Award - 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chuba |first=Kirsten |date=2022-01-10 |title=Jane Fonda, Bill Nye to Be Honored at Captain Planet Foundation Gala |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/jane-fonda-bill-nye-captain-planet-foundation-1235070913/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kasuwanci na ciki Yanayi Aiki 30 Nasarar - 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Climate Action 30: Top global leaders working toward climate solutions |url=https://businessinsider.com/climate-action-30-top-global-leaders-working-toward-climate-solutions-2022 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=businessinsider.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Fim / Nuna Title
!Matsayi
!Fim / Nuna Nau'in
|-
|2017
|XQ Super School Live 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Kamar yadda kansa
|Rayuwa Abin da ya faru
|-
|2020
|Ni ne Greta 
|Hotuna
|-
|2021
|Ranar Duniya! Musical 
|Talabijin na musamman
|-
|2021
|Hulu's Your Attention Don Allah: Innitiative 29 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Your Attention Please |url=https://www.hulu.com/series/your-attention-please-c071cab4-090a-44e0-8173-af39a1a955e0 |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Hulu |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Jerin Rarraba
|}

== Bayanan littattafai ==

* &quot;Me zan iya yi?: Hanyar da nake da ita daga Yanayi zuwa Aiki&quot; na Jane Fonda; Biography, 2020 
* &quot;Soup na dutse don Duniya mai dorewa: Labaran Rayuwa na Matasa Jarumai&quot; na Marianne Larned; Tarihi, 2021  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 October 2021 |title=Voting rights advocate Jerome Foster is raising youth climate awareness {{!}} Greenbiz |url=https://www.greenbiz.com/article/voting-rights-advocate-jerome-foster-raising-youth-climate-awareness |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=www.greenbiz.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stone Soup for a Sustainable World |url=https://soup4youngworld.com/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Stone Soup for a Sustainable World |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Amara da Bats&quot; na Emma Reynolds; Littafin Hotunan Yara, 2021   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amara and the Bats |url=http://www.bookbairn.com/2021/11/amara-and-bats.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=BookBairn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musselman |first=Sean |date=2021-09-30 |title=Amara and the Bats |url=https://teachersbooksreaders.com/2021/09/30/amara-and-the-bats/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Teachers {{!}} Books {{!}} Readers |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111221502/https://teachersbooksreaders.com/2021/09/30/amara-and-the-bats/ |archive-date=2023-01-11 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amara and the Bats |url=https://www.plt.org/recommended-reading/amara-and-the-bats/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Project Learning Tree |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Noble |first=Barnes &amp; |title=Amara and the Bats{{!}}Hardcover |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/amara-and-the-bats-emma-reynolds/1137937535 |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Barnes &amp; Noble |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Hornsea</title>
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'''Hornsea''' wani gari ne da ke bakin teku da kuma cocin farar hula a Gabashin Riding na Yorkshire, Ingila . Ginin ya kasance aƙalla a farkon zamanin da. An faɗaɗa garin a [[Zamanin Victorian]] tare da zuwan Hull da Hornsea Railway a 1864. A cikin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]], kawai ya kasance ɗan gajeren shafin RNAS Hornsea Mere, sansanin jirgin ruwa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], an gina garin da rairayin bakin teku sosai don hana mamayewa.

Ikklisiyar farar hula ta ƙunshi garin Hornsea; tafkin halitta, Hornsea Mere; da ƙauyukan da suka ɓace ko waɗanda aka watsar na '''''Hornsea Beck''''', '''''Northorpe''''' da '''''Southorpe'''''. Tsarin rubutu a cikin Ikklisiya sun haɗa da cocin Ikklisiya na St Nicholas, Bettison's Folly, Hornsea Mere da kuma bakin teku.

Tattalin arzikin ya hada da cakuda yawon bude ido da kananan masana'antu. Mafi mahimmanci, an kafa Hornsea Pottery a Hornsea a cikin 1949 kuma an rufe shi a cikin 2000. Hornsea na zamani har yanzu yana aiki a matsayin wurin shakatawa na bakin teku kuma yana da manyan wuraren tafiye-tafiye a arewa da kudu.

Ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mai laushi suna haifar da lalacewar bakin teku wanda ke barazana ga wasu kayan aikin al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Angus |date=1 August 2019 |title='Only option left for some living on crumbling coast is to move' |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/climate-change-crumbling-coast-move-3163584 |access-date=10 March 2021 |website=HullLive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana sa ran wannan zai kara muni yayin da [[Canjin yanayi]] ke haifar da hauhawar matakin teku.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A wasu yankuna, an riga an tilasta mazauna su yi ritaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ma'anar asali da sunan ==
Sunan ''Hornsea'' mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga tsoffin abubuwa na Norse horn (&quot;''ƙaho''&quot;), nes (&quot;ƙauye, tudu&quot;) da sæ (&quot;teku, tafki&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;UNotts&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Key to English Place Names - Hornsea |url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Yorkshire%20ER/Hornsea |access-date=19 March 2023 |website=University of Nottingham }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hornsea na iya kasancewa shafin yanar gizon Cornu Vallis, sunan wuri wanda aka samo daga Brittonic corno (&quot;''ƙaho''&quot;) &lt;ref name=&quot;oxac&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pickles |first=Thomas |title=Kingship, Society, and the Church in Anglo-Saxon Yorkshire |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10326/chapter-abstract/158087985?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=19 March 2023 |website=Oxford Academic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Yawancin majami'ar farar hula suna tsakanin 33 da 66 feet (10 da 20  sama da matakin teku, tare da mafi girman maki a cikin majami'a a ƙarƙashin {{Convert|98|ft}} . Hanyar B1242 tana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu daidai da bakin teku ta hanyar Ikklisiya kuma A1035 tana gudana zuwa yamma ta haɗa da A165 kusa da Leven. Bugu da ƙari hanyar ƙafa da zagaye, Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Hornsea, wani ɓangare na Hanyar Trans Pennine Trail tana gudana kudu maso yamma daga tsakiyar garin zuwa Hull.

Hornsea Mere tafki ne mai nisan kilomita 1.2 da 0.6 (2 da 1  tare da fitowa zuwa teku ta hanyar Stream Dike Drain . Wannan magudanar ruwa kuma ta raba Hornsea daga yankin Hornsea Bridge.

Dangane da Ƙididdigar Burtaniya ta 2011, Ikklisiyar Hornsea tana da yawan mutane 8,432. Hornsea tana cikin mazabar majalisar dokoki ta Beverley da Holderness .

=== Geology da rushewa ===
[[Fayil:South_Cliff_Hornsea.jpg|thumb|Dutsen da aka rushe a Kudancin Cliff, Hornsea]]
[[Fayil:Hornsea_groyne_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1483884.jpg|thumb|Gwargwadon Hornsea]]
[[Fayil:Groynes_on_Hornsea_Sands_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1059682.jpg|thumb|Groynes a kan Hornsea Sands]]
Ilimin ilimin ƙasa da ke ƙasa shine yumɓu na dutse.{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}} Manyan wurare a yankin an kafa su ne da dutse.{{Sfn|Stephenson|1847}}  (Dubi ''moraine''.) Ƙasa mai tsawo tana da kyau kuma tana da laka, yayin da dutsen da ke ƙarƙashin dutsen yumbu an sanya shi a matsayin Flamborough Chalk daga lokacin Upper Cretaceous.{{Sfn|RCZAS|2008}} A tarihi an cire manyan duwatsu a cikin yumbu na dutse don amfani a cikin ginin hanya - wannan aikin an haramta shi a Hornsea ta hukumar kasuwanci ta . {{Sfn|Reid|1885}} An kuma yi amfani da yashi da yumɓu a cikin gida a cikin gini ({{Circa|1885}} 1885), kodayake an sami kayan inganci mafi kyau a wasu wurare.{{Sfn|Reid|1885}}

Borings ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa chalk yana kusa da 60 zuwa 70 feet (18 zuwa 21  a ƙarƙashin yashi, dutse da gadajen yumɓu a Hornsea, kodayake mai yiwuwa ya fi zurfi.{{Sfn|Reid|1885}} An samo ruwa a Hornsea daga rijiyoyi da ramuka, kodayake wasu ramuka sun samar da ruwa da aka gurɓata da baƙin ƙarfe, yayin da wasu suka kasa isa wani ruwa har ma a zurfin ƙafa 976 (297 .{{Sfn|Reid|1885}}

Mere ita ce ta ƙarshe daga cikin tabkuna da yawa a yankin Holderness - sauran an zubar da su a ƙarshen karni na 19.{{Sfn|Reid|1885}} A cikin teku an sami ragowar gandun daji a cikin gado na peat da aka samu a kusa da rabi tsakanin dutse da ruwa mai zurfi.{{Sfn|Poulson|1840}} Bishiyoyi da aka samu sune itacen oak, alder da willow.{{Sfn|Reid|1885}} An samo burbushin halittu iri-iri a cikin ajiya, gami da na tsohuwar zaki na Eurasian (''Felis spelaea''), Woolly Mammoth (Elephas primigenius), Aurochs (Bos primigeniis) da Red Deer (''Cervus elaphus'') da Horse species (''Equus'').{{Sfn|Reid|1885}} Molluscs da aka samo a cikin dutsen karkashin kasa sun bayyana sun kasance nau'in Ruwa mai laushi.{{Sfn|Reid|1885}} An yi tunanin tushen gandun daji na karkashin ruwa da aka rubuta a bakin tekun a Hornsea na iya zama na biyu kawai a gefen gabas na tafkin na yanzu wanda aka yi laushi kuma ya ɓace cikin teku a wani lokaci.{{Sfn|RCZAS|2008}}&amp;nbsp;

=== Garin Hornsea ===
[[Fayil:Hornsea_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_325670.jpg|thumb|Gidan kayan gargajiya na Hornsea da gidaje a kan Newbegin (2007) ]]
Tsohon garin Hornsea yana tsakiyar Kasuwanci, kuma ya haɗa da Southgate, Westgate da Mere Side; wurin shakatawa da promenade suna da alaƙa da tsohon garin ta Newbegin da New Road, kuma sun haɗa da yawancin ci gaban Victorian na garin.{{Sfn|Pevsner|Neave|1995}} Gine-gine a cikin garin galibi jan tubali ne, tare da rufin pantile ko slate; wasu gine-gine suna amfani da shimfidar gida a matsayin kayan gini.{{Sfn|ERYC CAA|2006}} Har ila yau, Hornsea na zamani ya ƙunshi shafuka da yawa, galibi a gefen arewa da kudu.{{Sfn|ERYC CAA|2006}} Akwai sanannun wuraren shakatawa guda biyu a Hornsea, Hall Garth Park wanda ya haɗa da wurin tarihi, da lambunan tunawa.{{Sfn|ERYC CAA|2006}}

Yawancin gine-ginen da aka fi ƙarfafawa ba su wanzu ba, tsaron da aka rubuta sun haɗa da: batirin kare bakin teku, tare da batirin bindigogi na inci 4.7,  wasu wuraren bindigogi,  akwatuna masu yawa,  tubalan hanya da kuma hanyoyin jirgin kasa masu hana tanki, gami da manyan wuraren yaki da tanki a kan rairayin bakin teku,  Royal Observer Corps da / ko ramukan sojan ƙasa, [4] hanyoyin da aka kare su da kuma sansanin sojan ƙasa da ke kusa da su, [4] sansanin &quot;Rolston da su, sun lalace, [4] sansanonin Hornbbarbarbarbar da ke kusa, [4] sansani, [4] sansaniwa da sansanin 'yan ƙasa da su, da su da sansanin nan, sun lalacewa na Horn, [4] sansni masu karfi da ke kusa Sauran tsarin yakin duniya na biyu sun hada da mafaka na iska,  da kuma batirin 'Diver' mai kashe jirgin sama wanda aka tsara don lalata bama-bamai masu tashi na V1.  A tsakiyar karni na 20 Hornsea ya ci gaba da girma, tare da sababbin gidaje da aka gina ko kuma a karkashin gini a kudancin tashar Hornsea Town, da kuma wurin shakatawa na bakin teku. An kuma kafa sabbin makarantu.&amp;nbsp;

Yawan mutanen Hornsea ya karu a kai a kai a cikin karni na 20, tare da ci gaban da ya kai daruruwan mutane a kowace shekara goma - a shekara ta 1951 yawan jama'a ya karu da kusan 3,000 daga matakan 1900 zuwa 5,324. {{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}}&amp;nbsp;
[[Fayil:Roman_Catholic_Church_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Hornsea.jpg|left|thumb|Cocin Katolika na Zuciya Mai Tsarki, wanda aka gina 1956 (2007) ]]
An kafa Hornsea Pottery a shekara ta 1949. A shekara ta 1953 an tura kasuwancin zuwa tsohon gidan tubali na Wade (Marlborough Avenue), kuma Hornsea Pottery Co. Ltd. ta kafa a shekara ta 1955. Kamfanin ya zama babban ma'aikaci na gida tare da mutane 200 da ke aiki a cikin shekarun 1960.{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}}

Ci gaban jama'a a rabi na biyu na karni na 20 sun haɗa da sabon [[Fire station|tashar wuta]] a kan Southgate (1965); rufe ayyukan iskar gas, da canja wurin zuwa iskar North Sea (ƙarshen shekarun 1960); da kuma sabon tashar fitarwa da famfo (1970s).{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}} An gina ƙananan masana'antu a kan Cliff Road a ƙarshen shekarun 1960, kuma kusa da Rolston Road a kan tsohuwar ƙasar jirgin ƙasa a cikin shekarun 1980.{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}}  (Hornsea Bridge Masana'antu, Old Bridge Road) &amp;nbsp;

Yawancin fadada yakin bayan ya kasance a kusa da kudu da tashar Hornsea Bridge, da yammacin Cliff Road zuwa arewa. A shekara ta 1970 fadada biranen Hornsea ya kai kusa da matakin da aka kiyaye har zuwa ƙarshen 20th.&amp;nbsp;karni.  An faɗaɗa gidaje zuwa yamma da garin daga B1244/Westgate akan Cheyne Walk daga baya Cheyne Garth bayan 1970s.  {{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}} An faɗaɗa yankin kudancin garin tare da ƙarin Tansley Lane {{Circa|2000}} . {{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}}
[[Fayil:Hornsea_Fire_Station.jpg|alt=A grey and red, very angular and clean looking prefabricated building of two bays.|left|thumb|Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Hornsea]]
An kafa gidan kayan gargajiya, The North Holderness Museum of Village Life (Hornsea Museum) a 1978, a kan Newbegin.{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}} Hornsea Pottery ya shiga karɓar karɓa a cikin 1984 kuma bayan sauye-sauye da yawa na samar da mai shi ya ƙare a cikin 2000. An gina jan hankalin baƙi a shafin - a cikin 1994 'Hornsea Freeport', jan hankalin siyayya, an buɗe shi a shafin.{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}} Garin ya sami wurin yin iyo a 'Hornsea Leisure Center' a cikin shekara ta 1996.{{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}}

=== Karni na 21 ===
[[Fayil:Hornsea_Town_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5545201.jpg|thumb|Gidan Gidan Gida na Hornsea]]
A cikin 2009 Tesco ya gabatar kuma ya yarda da aikace-aikacen don gina babban shagon kusa da Southgate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Property History – 010070618448 – Tesco Southgate Hornsea East Riding Of Yorkshire HU18 1RE |url=https://newplanningaccess.eastriding.gov.uk/newplanningaccess/propertyDetails.do?activeTab=relatedCases&amp;keyVal=KDF4PBBJ0JK00 |access-date=31 January 2016 |publisher=East Riding of Yorkshire Council |archive-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207122312/https://newplanningaccess.eastriding.gov.uk/newplanningaccess/propertyDetails.do?activeTab=relatedCases&amp;keyVal=KDF4PBBJ0JK00 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An buɗe shagon a watan Janairun 2012. 

A shekara ta 2011, yawan mutanen Hornsea ya kai 8,432,  yana ƙaruwa daga 8,243 a shekara ta 2001,  kuma daga mutane 7,934 a shekara ta 1991. {{Sfn|Allison|Baggs|Cooper|Davidson-Cragoe|2002}}

A cikin shekara ta 2012, an canza tsohon ɗakin sujada na Methodist don amfani da shi a matsayin sabon jiki na Hornsea Town Hall . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kemp |first=Garry |title=Conversion of Methodist Chapel into Town Hall – Hornsea, East Yorkshire |url=https://kempdevelopments.co.uk/hornsea-town-hall/ |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Kemp Developments}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙauyuka da suka ɓace ==

=== Hornsea Beck ===
Hornsea Beck ƙaramin ƙauye ne ko ƙauye kusa da teku - an rubuta shi tun farkon 1367, kuma yazayar gabar teku ta lalata shi gaba ɗaya ta {{Circa|1747}} .  An rubuta asarar tekun gidaje 38 daga 1546 zuwa 1609. {{Sfn|Stephenson|1847}}

=== Hornsea Burton ===
Hornsea Burton yana kudu maso gabashin garin Hornsea. Hanyar 'Hornsea Burton Road' ta yanzu tana jagorantar gabas zuwa gabar teku inda ta tsaya, amma ta taɓa ci gaba da rabin mil zuwa ƙauyen Hornsea Burton, yanzu tun lokacin da teku ta mamaye shi. A shekara ta 1840 an rasa sauran yammacin ƙauyen. 
{{Sfn|Sheppard|1912}}

=== Northorpe ===
Northorpe tana arewacin Hornsea. Shafin ya kasance cikakke a wani lokaci tsakanin ƙarshen 1600s da 1809. 

=== Southorpe ===
Garin ya taɓa zama a Southorpe, a gefen kudu na kawai - ƙauyen an rubuta shi ta hanyar binciken Domesday, kuma ya wanzu har zuwa karni na 17. A farkon karni na 19 an watsar da ƙauyen.&amp;nbsp;

== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Hornsea_Mere.jpg|Swan Island on Hornsea Mere (2007)
Fayil:The_Alexandra,_Railway_Street,_Hornsea_-_geograph.org.uk_-_322172.jpg|Alexandra Hotel, built 1867 (2007)
Fayil:The_Pike_and_Heron_Hornsea.jpg|The Pike and Heron, Market Place, built {{Circa|1830}} (2007)
Fayil:Hornsea_Folly.jpg|Bettison's Folly, built 1844 (2007)
Fayil:Atwick_Road_Water_Works.jpg|Atwick Road water works, established 1878 (2008)
Fayil:United_Reformed_Church,_New_Road,_Hornsea_-_geograph.org.uk_-_322237.jpg|Congregational church, built 1874 (2007)
Fayil:Hornsea_Methodist_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_324118.jpg|Methodist (Wesleyan) church, built 1870 (2007)
Fayil:Hornsea_Sea_Wall_and_Promenade_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1779332.jpg|Marine Hotel and Monument commemorating the opening of the seawall and promenade, 6 July 1907 (2010).
Fayil:Hall_Garth_Park,_Hornsea_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317013.jpg|Hall Garth Park, variations in the ground may be former earthworks of a medieval moated site
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Wasanni ==
Kungiyar Cricket ta Hornsea tana taka leda a filin wasa na Hollis. Shahararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa sun hada da Johnny Briggs (Ingila),  da Tom Kohler-Cadmore (Worcestershire da Yorkshire).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tom Kohler-Cadmore profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/tom-kohler-cadmore-470633 |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hornsea ita ce gidan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Hornsea Rugby Union . Suna wasa a filin shakatawa na Hollis kuma ana kiransu da lakabi da 'Hollismen'. A halin yanzu suna wasa a yankin Yorkshire 4 na Kudu maso Gabas.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=James |title=How East Yorkshire inspired the worlds of The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/history/how-east-yorkshire-inspired-worlds-5720627 |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=[[Hull Daily Mail]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hornsea RUFC - The Hollismen |url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/hornsearufc/ |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=Pitchero.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hornsea Town FC kungiya ce ta kwallon kafa wacce ke taka leda a filin wasa na Hollis . Sunayensu na lakabi sun hada da 'Town' ko 'The Seasiders'. Kungiyar tana taka leda a rukunin firaministan Humber Premier League bayan samun ci gaba ta hanyar lashe kashi daya a kakar 2016-17. Hornsea Town yana da ƙungiyoyi takwas;  ciki har da ƙungiyar farko (HPL Premier Div), masu ajiya (East Riding County League), tsoffin sojoji (Hull &amp; District Veterans Football League) da ƙungiyar Lahadi (Hull Men's Sunday Football League).

== Kafofin watsa labarai ==
BBC Yorkshire da Lincolnshire da ITV Yorkshire ne ke ba da labarai da shirye-shiryen talabijin na cikin gida. Ana karɓar siginar talabijin daga mai watsa shirye-shiryen Belmont. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 May 2004 |title=Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Belmont |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=UK Free TV |archive-date=4 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204160943/https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Belmont |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tashoshin rediyo na gida na Hornsea sune BBC Radio Humberside, Hits Radio East Yorkshire &amp; North Lincolnshire, Capital Yorkshire, Greatest Hits Radio Gabashin Yorkshire, Nation Radio East Yorkshir, da kuma tashar Seaside FM.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Seaside FM - About Us |url=https://www.seasideradio.co.uk/about-us |access-date=2 October 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Holderness da Hornsea Gazette da Hornsea Community News sune jaridu na gari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 March 2014 |title=Holderness and Hornsea Gazette |url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-yorks/holderness-gazette/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=British Papers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hornsea and District Community News |url=https://hornseacommunitynews.uk/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615030845/https://hornseacommunitynews.uk/ |archive-date=15 June 2023 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makamai ==
{{Infobox COA wide|image=Hornsea Achievement.png|escutcheon=Or three Bars wavy Azure issuant from the base a Sun in splendour Gules a Chief wavy Sable thereon a Fountain between two Roses Argent barbed and seeded proper.|crest=Issuant from a Mural Crown Or a Sun in splendour Gules surmounted of a Rose Argent barbed and seeded proper; Mantled Gules doubled Or.|motto=HEALTH AND HAPPINESS|notes=Granted 24 June 1955, to the Hornsea Urban District Council.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://civicheraldry.co.uk/yorkshire.html |title=Civic Heraldry of England |publisher=Robert Young |access-date=11 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>mnsah0zgo2foxevpc499iodmzi9x04l</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Huk, Norway</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>111820</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:15:18Z</timestamp>
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        <id>13371</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>971013</origin>
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      <text bytes="1850" sha1="oqtces2j2h9qgy7b0j2or2i692euhpj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Huk,_Oslo_-_bay_with_beach.jpg|thumb|bakin tekun jama'a]]
'''Huk''' filin shakatawa ne kuma bakin teku mai yashi (Hukodden) a kudu mafi nisa na tsibirin Bygdøy yamma da tsakiyar birnin [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] .

gundumar Aker ta mallaki yankin a cikin 1921.  An raba bakin tekun wanka zuwa rairayin bakin teku na jama'a na yau da kullun da yankin bakin tekun naturist . Tekun naturist yana kan shank &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nudist.no/nudiststrender/9-nudiststrender-i-norge/2-huk-nudiststrand-pa-bygdoy-i-oslo.html Huk naturiststrand på Bygdøy] www,nudist.no {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.oslofjorden.com/badesteder/oslo/huk_naturiststrand.html Huk Naturiststrand] www.oslofjorden.com {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt; arewa maso yamma da Hukodden, tsohon lambun masana'antar goga ta Jordan .  &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.visitnorway.com/uk/product/?pid=28952 Huk &amp; Paradisbukta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531144028/http://www.visitnorway.com/uk/product/?pid=28952 |date=2014-05-31 }} www.visitnorway.com {{In lang|en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gwamnati ta biyu ta Jens Stoltenberg ta siya a cikin 2005 wani katafaren gida wanda ke da iyaka da bakin tekun jama'a a Huk, kuma a cikin 2006 ya buɗe sabon bakin tekun jama'a a wurin.  Daga baya aka sake siyar da villa amma har yanzu bakin tekun a bude yake ga kowa. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.oslofjorden.com/badesteder/oslo/huk.html Huk badeplass, Bygdø] {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kusa da yankin rairayin bakin teku akwai zane-zane, ''Large Arch'' (1963-1969) na [[Henry Moore]]  da ''Icarus'' (1965) da ''Døhlen'' na Anne Sofie Døhlen (1967). 

Ana iya samun wurin ta hanyar bas mai lamba 30 daga tsakiyar Oslo. 
[[Fayil:Huk_seen_from_fjord.JPG|right|thumb|Huk kamar yadda aka gani daga Oslofjord . Tekun Naturist hagu, babban rairayin bakin teku da sabon bakin teku zuwa dama]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|2}}</text>
      <sha1>oqtces2j2h9qgy7b0j2or2i692euhpj</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Jerin girgizar ƙasa da tsunami</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>113151</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971280</id>
      <parentid>955501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:09:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>971280</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149198" sha1="4h7ermps2webanwj3rc3iwbbc5hfnv9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kusan 1600 BC, fashewar Thira ya lalata wuraren Aegean ciki har da Akrotiri (birni na farko).  Wasu wuraren Minoan a gabashin Crete ƙila sun lalace ta hanyar tsunami da ya biyo baya.

Tsunami mafi tsufa da aka yi rikodin ya faru a cikin 479 BC.  Ya halaka sojojin Farisa da suke kai hari a garin Potidaea a ƙasar Girka.

A farkon 426 BC, masanin tarihin Girka Thucydides ya yi tambaya a cikin littafinsa History of the Peloponnesia War (3.89.1-6) game da musabbabin Tsunami.  Ya yi nuni da cewa irin wadannan abubuwan ba za a iya bayyana su ba ne kawai a sakamakon girgizar kasa na teku, kuma ba zai iya ganin wasu dalilai masu yiwuwa ba..

== Kafin Tarihi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-3260000000&quot; |≈3,260 Ma
|[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]
|S2 impact
|Impact event
|An astronomical object between {{Convert|37|and|58|km}} wide traveling at {{Convert|20|km/s}} struck the [[Duniya|Earth]] east of what is now [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]], near South Africa's border with [[Eswatini]], in what was then an Archean ocean that covered most of the planet, creating a crater about {{Convert|500|km}} wide. The impact generated a megatsunami that probably extended to a depth of thousands of metres beneath the surface of the ocean and rose to the height of a skyscraper when it reached shorelines.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sleep |first=Norman H. |last2=Lowe |first2=Donald R. |date=3 March 2014 |title=Physics of crustal fracturing and chert dike formation triggered by asteroid impact, ∼3.26 Ga, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014GC005229 |journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=1054–1070 |bibcode=2014GGG....15.1054S |doi=10.1002/2014GC005229 |s2cid=129591235 |access-date=19 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 April 2014 |title=Scientists Reconstruct Ancient Impact That Dwarfs Dinosaur-Extinction Blast |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/scientists-reconstruct-ancient-impact-that-dwarfs-dinosaur-extinction-blast/ |access-date=19 December 2023 |website=AGU Advancing Earth and Space Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-66000000&quot; |≈66 Ma
|Yucatán Peninsula
|Chicxulub event
|Impact event
|An asteroid {{Convert|10|km}} in diameter struck the Earth, generating a megatsunami with an initial wave height of {{Convert|1500|m|ft}} which struck coastlines in the Gulf of Mexico with waves {{Convert|100|m|ft}} tall and reached heights of up to {{Convert|14|m|0}} in the North Atlantic and South Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goto |first=Kazuhisa |last2=Tada |first2=Ryuji |last3=Tajika |first3=Eiichi |last4=Bralower |first4=Timothy J. |last5=Hasegawa |first5=Takashi |last6=Matsui |first6=Takafumi |year=2004 |title=Evidence for ocean water invasion into the Chicxulub crater at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary |journal=Meteoritics &amp; Planetary Science |language=en |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=1233–1247 |bibcode=2004M&amp;PS...39.1233G |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00943.x |s2cid=55674339 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gulick |first=Sean P. S. |last2=Bralower |first2=Timothy J. |last3=Ormö |first3=Jens |last4=Hall |first4=Brendon |last5=Grice |first5=Kliti |last6=Schaefer |first6=Bettina |last7=Lyons |first7=Shelby |last8=Freeman |first8=Katherine H. |last9=Morgan |first9=Joanna V. |author-link9=Joanna Morgan |last10=Artemieva |first10=Natalia |author-link10=Natalia Artemieva |last11=Kaskes |first11=Pim |date=2019-09-24 |title=The first day of the Cenozoic |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=116 |issue=39 |pages=19342–19351 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11619342G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1909479116 |pmc=6765282 |pmid=31501350 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Created A Mile-High Tsunami That Swept Through The World's Oceans |url=https://www.iflscience.com/environment/dinosaurkilling-asteroid-created-a-milehigh-tsunami-that-swept-through-the-worlds-oceans/ |publisher=iflscience.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 December 2018 |title=Huge Global Tsunami Followed Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Impact |url=https://eos.org/articles/huge-global-tsunami-followed-dinosaur-killing-asteroid-impact |access-date=2021-07-22 |website=Eos |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The impact also triggered giant [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|landslides]] and slumps which produced additional megatsunamis of various sizes in the region,&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanford2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanford |first=Jason C. |last2=Snedden |first2=John W. |last3=Gulick |first3=Sean P. S. |date=March 2016 |title=The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary deposit in the Gulf of Mexico: Large-scale oceanic basin response to the Chicxulub impact |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |language=en |volume=121 |issue=3 |pages=1240–1261 |bibcode=2016JGRB..121.1240S |doi=10.1002/2015JB012615 |s2cid=130978191 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; and seismic waves from it caused seiches of {{Convert|10|to|100|m|ft}} in height in an inland sea at Tanis, {{Convert|3000|km|mi}} away.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=DePalma |first=Robert A. |last2=Smit |first2=Jan |last3=Burnham |first3=David A. |last4=Kuiper |first4=Klaudia |last5=Manning |first5=Phillip L. |last6=Oleinik |first6=Anton |last7=Larson |first7=Peter |last8=Maurrasse |first8=Florentin J. |last9=Vellekoop |first9=Johan |last10=Richards |first10=Mark A. |last11=Gurche |first11=Loren |date=2019-04-23 |title=A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=116 |issue=17 |pages=8190–8199 |bibcode=2019PNAS..116.8190D |doi=10.1073/pnas.1817407116 |pmc=6486721 |pmid=30936306 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-5330000&quot; |≈5.33 Ma
|Algeciras, [[Ispaniya|Spain]]
|Zanclean Flood
|Reservoir-induced seismicity
|At the end of or shortly after the Zanclean Flood, which rapidly filled the Mediterranean Basin with water from the [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantic Ocean]], a megatsunami with a height of nearly {{Convert|100|m|ft}} struck the coast of Spain near what is now Algeciras.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Silva |first=P.G. |last2=Elez |first2=Javier |last3=Huerta |first3=Pedro |last4=Llovera |first4=Jorge |last5=Perucha |first5=Maria Angeles |last6=Roquero |first6=Elvira |last7=Rodriguez-Pascua |first7=Miguel |last8=Martínez-Graña |first8=A |last9=Azcárate |first9=Teresa |last10=Reicherter |first10=Klaus |date=6 November 2017 |title=Sedimentary record of pre-Quaternary tsunamis in the Gibraltar Strait area after the Zanclean flooding |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320868709 |format=PDF |journal=IX Reunião do Quaternário Ibérico, Faro |pages=137–140 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-1400000&quot; |≈1.4 Ma
|Molokai, Hawaii
|East Molokai Volcano
|Landslide
|One-third of the East Molokai volcano collapsed into the Pacific Ocean, generating a tsunami with an estimated local height of {{Convert|2000|ft|m}}. The wave traveled as far as [[California]] and Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 October 2015 |title=Hawaiian landslides have been catastrophic |url=http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Hawaii/HR-Landslides.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527191642/http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Hawaii/HR-Landslides.htm |archive-date=2009-05-27 |access-date=2020-07-01 |website=mbari.org |publisher=[[Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=Kalaupapa Settlement Boundary Study. Along North Shore to Halawa Valley, Molokai |url=https://www.nps.gov/kala/learn/management/upload/MinkVI.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216125954/https://www.nps.gov/kala/learn/management/upload/MinkVI.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2017 |access-date=29 June 2020 |publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|≈220,000–170,000 BC
|Tenerife, [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|Canary Islands]]
|Mount Teide
|Eruption and landslide
|A destructive series of eruptions caused a large collapse of part of the northern flank of the island and the central pre-Teide volcanic structure (known as the Cañadas edifice), causing a megatsunami in two phases, leaving deposits {{Convert|132|m|ft}} high on the north-west of the island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Paris |first=Raphaël |last2=Bravo |first2=Juan J. Coello |last3=González |first3=María E. Martín |last4=Kelfoun |first4=Karim |last5=Nauret |first5=François |date=2017-05-15 |title=Explosive eruption, flank collapse and megatsunami at Tenerife ca. 170 ka |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=15246 |doi=10.1038/ncomms15246 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=5440666 |pmid=28504256}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-105000&quot; |≈103,000 BC
|[[Hawaii]]
|
|Submarine landslide
|A tsunami at least {{Convert|400|m}} in height deposited marine sediments at a modern-day elevation of {{Convert|326|m|0}} – {{Convert|375|to|425|m|0}} above [[sea level]] at the time the wave struck – on Lanai. The tsunami also deposited such sediments at an elevation of {{Convert|60|to|80|m}} on Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the island of Hawaii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Carl |last2=Mader |first2=Charles L. |date=January 1995 |title=Modeling the 105 KA Lanai Tsunami |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264038439 |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-73000&quot; |≈71,000 BC
|[[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde Islands]]
|
|Landslide
|The eastern flank of the island of Fogo collapsed into the sea, generating a megatsunami. The wave struck Santiago, {{Convert|55|km|mi nmi|0}} away, where it was at least {{Convert|170|m}} tall and a had a run-up height of {{Convert|270|m}}. The wave deposited giant boulders on Santiago at elevations of up to {{Convert|220|m}} and as far as {{Convert|650|m}} inland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ramalho |first=Ricardo S. |last2=Winckler |first2=Gisela |last3=Madeira |first3=José |last4=Helffrich |first4=George R. |last5=Hipólito |first5=Ana |last6=Quartau |first6=Rui |last7=Adena |first7=Katherine |last8=Schaefer |first8=Joerg M. |date=2 October 2015 |title=Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |journal=Science Advances |volume=1 |issue=9 |pages=e1500456 |bibcode=2015SciA....1E0456R |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1500456 |pmc=4646801 |pmid=26601287 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-10000&quot; |≈7,910–7,290 BC
|Dor, Israel
|
|Unknown
|A megatsunami had a run-up of at least {{Convert|16|m}} and traveled between {{Convert|1.5|and|3.5|km|1}} inland from the ancient Eastern Mediterranean coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shtienberg |first=Gilad |last2=Yasur-Landau |first2=Assaf |last3=Norris |first3=Richard D. |last4=Lazar |first4=Michael |last5=Rittenour |first5=Tammy M. |last6=Tamberino |first6=Anthony |last7=Gadol |first7=Omri |last8=Cantu |first8=Katrina |last9=Arkin-Shalev |first9=Ehud |last10=Ward |first10=Steven N. |last11=Levy |first11=Thomas E. |date=23 December 2020 |title=A Neolithic mega-tsunami event in the eastern Mediterranean: Prehistoric settlement vulnerability along the Carmel coast, Israel |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=15 |issue=12 |at=e0243619 |bibcode=2020PLoSO..1543619S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0243619 |pmc=7757801 |pmid=33362214 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-7000&quot; |≈7000–6000 BC
|[[Lisbon]], Portugal
|
|Unknown
|A series of giant rocks and cobblestones have been found {{Convert|14|m}} above mean sea level near Guincho Beach.&lt;ref name=&quot;nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Baptista |first=M. A. |last2=Miranda |first2=J. M. |year=2009 |title=Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis |url=http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/25/2009/nhess-9-25-2009.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=25–42 |bibcode=2009NHESS...9...25B |doi=10.5194/nhess-9-25-2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403154431/http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/25/2009/nhess-9-25-2009.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2013 |access-date=30 September 2012 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-6370&quot; |≈6370 BC
|Eastern Mediterranean
|
|Unknown
|A {{Convert|25|km3|0}} landslide on the eastern slope of Mount Etna in [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] reached the [[Bahar Rum|Mediterranean Sea]] and triggered a megatsunami in the Eastern Mediterranean with an initial wave height of {{Convert|40|m}} along the eastern coast of Sicily, where it felled millions of trees. Models indicate it had heights of {{Convert|30|m}} near Syracuse, Sicily; {{Convert|15|to|34|m}} along the southern coast of [[Italiya|Italy]]; {{Convert|20|m}} along the southeastern coast of Sicily; {{Convert|15|m}} at the northeastern tip of Sicily; {{Convert|18|m}} at [[Malta]]; {{Convert|12|m}} on the western coast of [[Girka (ƙasa)|Greece]]; {{Convert|6|m}} in southern [[Girka (ƙasa)|Greece]]; {{Convert|5|to|10|m}} along the coast of [[Libya]]; {{Convert|1|m|ft|0}} on the south coast of [[Crete]]; {{Convert|0.5|m|ft|0}} at [[Cyprus]]; and {{Convert|2.5|m|ft}} at the Neolithic village of Atlit Yam off the coast of [[Isra'ila|Israel]], prompting the village's permanent abandonment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pareschi |first=Maria Teresa |last2=Boschi |first2=Enzo |last3=Mazzarini |first3=Francesco |last4=Favalli |first4=Massimiliano |date=July 2006 |title=Large submarine landslides offshore Mt. Etna |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=33 |issue=13 |bibcode=2006GeoRL..3313302P |doi=10.1029/2006GL026064 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pareschi |first=Maria Teresa |last2=Boschi |first2=Enzo |last3=Favalli |first3=Massimiliano |date=November 2006 |title=Lost tsunami |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=33 |issue=22 |bibcode=2006GeoRL..3322608P |doi=10.1029/2006GL027790 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CISEM News |date=December 2006 |title=From the Etna to the Levantine shore – an ancient tsunami? |url=https://ciesm.org/news/mscience/12.htm |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=ciesm.org |publisher=CISEM: The Mediterranean Science Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pareschi |first=Maria Teresa |last2=Boschi |first2=Enzo |last3=Favalli |first3=Massimiliano |date=28 August 2007 |title=Holocene tsunamis from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic communities |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=34 |issue=16 |bibcode=2007GeoRL..3416317P |doi=10.1029/2007GL030717 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Frébourg |first=Gregory |last2=Hasler |first2=Claude-Alain |last3=Davaud |first3=Eric |date=March 2010 |title=Catastrophic event recorded among Holocene eolianites (Sidi Salem Formation, SE Tunisia) |journal=Sedimentary Geology |volume=224 |issue=1–4 |pages=38–48 |bibcode=2010SedG..224...38F |doi=10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.12.006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-6225&quot; |≈6225–6170 BC
|Norwegian Sea
|Storegga Slide
|Landslide
|The Storegga Slides, {{Convert|100|km}} northwest of the coast of Møre in the Norwegian Sea, triggered a large tsunami in the [[Tekun Atalanta|North Atlantic Ocean]]. The collapse involved around {{Convert|290|km}} of coastal shelf, and a total volume of {{Convert|3500|km3}} of debris.&lt;ref name=&quot;stein&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bondevik |first=Stein |last2=Dawson, Sue |last3=Dawson, Alastair |last4=Lohne, Øystein |date=5 August 2003 |title=Record-breaking Height for 8000-Year-Old Tsunami in the North Atlantic |url=http://bora.uib.no/bitstream/1956/729/1/Bondevik-al-03-EOS.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union |volume=84 |issue=31 |pages=289, 293 |bibcode=2003EOSTr..84..289B |doi=10.1029/2003EO310001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807130511/https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/1956/729/1/Bondevik-al-03-EOS.pdf |archive-date=7 August 2011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Based on carbon dating of plant material in the sediment deposited by the tsunami, the latest incident occurred around 6225–6170&amp;nbsp;BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bondevik, S |last2=Stormo, SK |last3=Skjerdal, G |year=2012 |title=Green mosses date the Storegga tsunami to the chilliest decades of the 8.2 ka cold event |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=45 |pages=1–6 |bibcode=2012QSRv...45....1B |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Scotland, traces of the tsunami have been found in sediments from Montrose Basin, the [[Firth of Forth]], up to {{Convert|80|km}} inland and {{Convert|4|m}} above current normal tide levels.
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-7650&quot; |≈5650 BC
|Alluttoq Island, [[Greenland]]
|
|Landslide
|A large landslide into Sullorsuaq Strait (known in Danish as Vaigat Strait) generated a megatsunami which had a run-up height of {{Convert|41|to|66|m}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Korsgaardetal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Korsgaard |first=Niels J. |last2=Svennevig |first2=Kristian |last3=Søndergaard |first3=Anne S. |last4=Luetzenburg |first4=Gregor |last5=Oksman |first5=Mimmi |last6=Larsen |first6=Nicolaj K. |date=13 March 2023 |title=Giant mid-Holocene landslide-generated tsunamis recorded in lake sediments from Saqqaq, West Greenland |url=https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2023-32/ |publisher=European Geosciences Union |doi=10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024 |access-date=12 October 2023 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-7350&quot; |≈5350 BC
|Alluttoq Island, [[Greenland]]
|
|Landslide
|A large landslide into Sullorsuaq Strait (known in Danish as Vaigat Strait) generated a megatsunami which had a run-up height of {{Convert|45|to|70|m|0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Korsgaardetal&quot; /&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-3500&quot; |5,500 BP
|Northern Isles, Scotland
|Garth tsunami
|Unknown
|The tsunami may have been responsible for contemporary mass burials.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Genevieve |last2=Goff |first2=James |last3=McFadgen |first3=Bruce |date=1 June 2019 |title=Prehistoric Coastal Mass Burials: Did Death Come in Waves? |journal=Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=714–754 |doi=10.1007/s10816-018-9386-y |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-3800&quot; |≈1800 BC
|[[Chile]]
|
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 9.5 earthquake generated tsunamis {{Convert|15|to|20|m}} in height that struck {{Convert|1000|km}} of the coastline of the Atacama Desert. People fled the area and did not begin to return until around 800&amp;nbsp;BC; some pre-tsunami settlements were not reoccupied until between 1000 and 1500&amp;nbsp;AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Michael |date=6 April 2022 |title=Ancient Chilean tsunami scared local people away for 1000 years |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315204-ancient-chilean-tsunami-scared-local-people-away-for-1000-years/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=New Scientist}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-1700&quot; |≈1600 BC
|Santorini, Greece
|Minoan eruption
|Volcanic eruption
|The volcanic eruption in Santorini, Greece triggered tsunamis which caused damage to some Minoan sites in eastern [[Crete]].
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-3171&quot; |1171 BC
|[[Tekun Baltic|Baltic Sea]]
|
|Unknown
|A tsunami with wave heights of at least {{Convert|10|m}} had run-up heights in [[Sweden]] of up to {{Convert|14.5|to|16.5|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mörner |first=Nils-Axel |last2=Ambrosiani |first2=Björn |last3=Anderson Ambrosiani |first3=Phyllis |year=2020 |title=A mega-tsunami in the Baltic Sea 1171 BC: geological records with special reference to the Lake Mälaren area in Sweden |url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1517786&amp;dswid=-3357 |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-3100&quot; |≈1100 BC
|Lake Crescent, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], United States
|
|Landslide
|An earthquake generated the {{Convert|7200000|m3|cuyd}} Sledgehammer Point Rockslide, which fell from Mount Storm King and entered waters at least {{Convert|140|m}} deep, generating a megatsunami with an estimated maximum run-up height of {{Convert|82|to|104|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wegmann |first=Karl |date=12 January 2021 |title=HazBlog-007: Landslide generated tsunami – the 2007 Chehalis Lake, B.C. Canada Example |url=https://hazmapper.org/2021/01/12/hazblog-007-landslide-generated-tsunami-the-2007-chehalis-lake-b-c-canada-example/ |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=hazmapper.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kafin 1000 AD ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-479&quot; |479 BC
|Potidaea, Greece
|479 BC Potidaea earthquake
|
|The oldest recorded tsunami in history. During the [[Daular Achaemenid|Persian]] siege of the maritime city of Potidaea, Greece, Herodotus reports how Persian attackers attempting to take advantage of an unusual retreat of the water were suddenly surprised by &quot;a great tide, higher, as the locals say, than any one of many that had been before&quot;. Herodotus attributes the cause of the flash flood to Poseidon's wrath.
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-426&quot; |426 BC
|Malian Gulf, Greece
|426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami
|
|In the summer of 426&amp;nbsp;BC, a tsunami struck the gulf between the northwestern tip of Euboea and Lamia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Antonopoulos |first=John |year=1992 |title=The Tsunami of 426 BC in the Maliakos Gulf, Eastern Greece |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_natural-hazards_1992-01_5_1/page/83 |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=83–93 |bibcode=1992NatHa...5...83A |doi=10.1007/BF00127141 |s2cid=129459786}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Greek historian Thucydides (3.89.1–6) described how the tsunami and a series of earthquakes affected the Peloponnesian War (431–404&amp;nbsp;BC) and, for the first time, associated earthquakes with waves in terms of cause and effect.
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-373&quot; |373 BC
|Helike, Greece
|
|Earthquake
|An earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city of Helike, {{Cvt|2|km}} from the sea. The fate of the city, which remained permanently submerged, was often commented on by ancient writers&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Paul Kronfield |title=The Lost Cities of Ancient Helike: Principal Ancient Sources |url=http://www.helike.org/sources2.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130309/http://www.helike.org/sources2.shtml |archive-date=9 May 2008 |access-date=11 March 2011 |publisher=Helike.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; and may have inspired contemporary [[Plato]] to create the myth of Atlantis.
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;-60&quot; |60 BC
|Portugal and Galicia
|
|Earthquake
|An earthquake of intensity IX and an estimated magnitude of 6.7 caused a tsunami on the coasts of Portugal and Galicia.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;/&gt; Little else is known due to the paucity of records of Roman possession of the Iberian Peninsula.
|-
|79 AD
|Gulf of Naples, Italy
|[[Fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius a cikin 79 AD|Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD]]
|Volcanic eruption
|Pliny the Younger witnessed a smaller tsunami in the Bay of Naples during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on 24 October 79 AD.
|-
|115 AD
|Caesarea, Israel
|115 Antioch earthquake
|Earthquake
|Underwater geoarchaeological excavations on the shallow shelf – around {{Convert|10|m|ft}} depth – at Caesarea, Israel, documented a tsunami hitting the ancient port. Talmudic sources record a tsunami on 13 December 115&amp;nbsp;AD that affected Caesarea and Yavneh. The tsunami was likely triggered by an earthquake that destroyed Antioch, and was generated somewhere along the Cyprian Arch fault system.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Reinhardt |first=E. G. |last2=Goodman |first2=B. N. |last3=Boyce |first3=J. I. |last4=Lopez |first4=G. |last5=van Hengstum |first5=P. |last6=Rink |first6=W. J. |last7=Mart |first7=Y. |last8=Raban |first8=A. |year=2006 |title=The tsunami of 13 December A.D. 115 and the destruction of Herod the Great's harbor at Caesarea Maritima, Israel |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geology_2006-12_34_12/page/1061 |journal=Geology |volume=34 |pages=1061–1064 |bibcode=2006Geo....34.1061R |doi=10.1130/G22780A.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|262 AD
|Southwest Anatolia (Turkey)
|262 Southwest Anatolia earthquake
|Earthquake
|Many cities were inundated by the sea, with cities in Roman Asia reporting the worst tsunami damage. In many places fissures appeared in the earth and filled with water; in others, towns were inundated by the sea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Altınok |first=Y. |last2=Alpar |first2=B. |last3=Özer |first3=N. |last4=Aykurt |first4=H. |year=2011 |title=Revision of the tsunami catalogue affecting Turkish coasts and surrounding regions |url=http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/11/273/2011/nhess-11-273-2011.html |journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=273–291 |bibcode=2011NHESS..11..273A |doi=10.5194/nhess-11-273-2011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|365 AD
|Alexandria, Southern and Eastern Mediterranean
|365 Crete earthquake
|Earthquake
|On the morning of 21 July 365&amp;nbsp;AD, an earthquake triggered a tsunami more than {{Convert|100|ft|m}} high, devastating [[Alexandria]] and the eastern and southern shores of the [[Bahar Rum|Mediterranean]], killing thousands, and throwing ships nearly {{Convert|2|mi|km}} inland.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kelly, Gavin (2004)&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kelly |first=Gavin |date=November 2004 |title=Ammianus and the Great Tsunami |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/11934968/Ammianus_and_the_Great_Tsunami.pdf |journal=Journal of Roman Studies |volume=94 |pages=141–167 |doi=10.2307/4135013 |jstor=4135013}}&lt;/ref&gt; This tsunami also devastated many large cities in what is now [[Libya]] and [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]]. The anniversary of the disaster was still commemorated annually in the late sixth century in Alexandria as a &quot;day of horror.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stiros |first=S. C. |year=2001 |title=The AD 365 Crete earthquake and possible seismic clustering during the fourth to sixth centuries AD in the Eastern Mediterranean: a review of historical and archaeological data |journal=Journal of Structural Geology |volume=23 |issue=2–3 |pages=545–562 |bibcode=2001JSG....23..545S |doi=10.1016/s0191-8141(00)00118-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Researchers at the University of Cambridge recently carbon dated corals off the coast of [[Crete]] that were raised {{Convert|10|m|ft}} and out of the water during the earthquake, indicating that the tsunami was generated by an earthquake on a pronounced fault in the Hellenic Trench. Scientists estimate that such an uplift is likely to only occur once every 5,000&amp;nbsp;years; however, the other segments of the fault could slip on a similar scale every 800&amp;nbsp;years or so.
|-
|551 AD
|Lebanese coast
|551 Beirut earthquake
|Earthquake
|The earthquake of 9 July 551&amp;nbsp;AD was one of the largest seismic events in and around Lebanon during the Byzantine period. The earthquake was associated with a tsunami along the Lebanese coast and a local landslide near Al-Batron. A large fire in Beirut also continued for almost two months.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darawcheh&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Darawcheh |first=Ryad |last2=Sbeinati |first2=Mohamed Reda |last3=Margottini |first3=Claudio |last4=Paolini |first4=Salvatore |date=October 2000 |title=The 9 July 551 Ad Beirut Earthquake, Eastern Mediterranean Region |journal=Journal of Earthquake Engineering |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=403–414 |bibcode=2000JEaEn...4..403D |doi=10.1080/13632460009350377}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|563 AD
|Lake Geneva, Switzerland and France
|Tauredunum event
|Underwater mudslide
|Probably generated by a landslide that triggered a collapse of sediments at the mouth of the River Rhône, the tsunami traveled the length of Lake Geneva, reaching a height of {{Convert|16|m|0}} in some places. The wave probably killed hundreds, or even thousands, of people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Favrod |first=Justin |date=28 August 2012 |title=Tauredunum |url=http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F13170.php |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=[[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kremer |first=Katrina |last2=Simpson |first2=Guy |last3=Girardclos |first3=Stéphanie |date=28 October 2012 |title=Giant Lake Geneva tsunami in AD 563 |journal=Nature Geoscience |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=2–3 |bibcode=2012NatGe...5..756K |doi=10.1038/ngeo1618}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Jessica |date=28 October 2012 |title=Ancient tsunami devastated Lake Geneva shoreline |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11670}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|684 AD
|Nankai, Japan
|684 Hakuhō earthquake, Nankai earthquake
|Earthquake
|The first recorded tsunami in Japan struck on 29 November 684&amp;nbsp;AD off the coast of the Kii, [[Shikoku]], and Awaji region. The earthquake, estimated at a magnitude of 8.4,&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;/&gt; was followed by a large tsunami, but there are no estimates of the number of deaths. From then on, the Japanese would keep meticulous records of tsunamis.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2021}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|701 AD
|Tanba, Japan
|
|Earthquake
|On 12 May 701&amp;nbsp;AD, an earthquake and a tsunami measuring up to {{Convert|40|m|ft}} hit the coast of Tanba Province (Kyoto Prefecture).
|-
|869 AD
|Sanriku, Japan
|869 Jōgan earthquake
|Earthquake
|The Sanriku region was hit by a large tsunami on 13 July 869&amp;nbsp;AD, causing floods to spread {{Cvt|4|km}} inland from the coast. Tagajō was destroyed, with an estimated 1,000 casualties.
|-
|887 AD
|Nankai, Japan
|887 Ninna Nankai earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 26 August 887&amp;nbsp;AD, there was a strong commotion in the [[Kyoto]] region, causing great destruction. A tsunami inundated the coastal region and some people died. The coast of Settsu Province (Osaka Prefecture) suffered especially, and the tsunami was also observed on the coast of the Sea of Hyūga (Miyazaki Prefecture).&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot; /&gt;
|}

== 1000-1700 AD ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
|1026
|Iwami, Japan
|1026 Manju tsunami
|Earthquake or landslide
|On 16 June 1026, a {{Cvt|10|m|ft}} tsunami struck the Sea of Japan coast of then Iwami Province, killing more than 1,000 people.
|-
|1033
|Jordan Valley, Levant
|1033 Jordan Valley earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 5 December 1033, a large earthquake struck along the Dead Sea Transform, causing extreme devastation. At least 70,000 killed. Several killed by a moderate tsunami.
|-
|1169
|Sicily, Italy
|1169 Sicily earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 4 February 1169, a tsunami affected most of the Ionian coast of Sicily.&lt;ref name=&quot;De Martini&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=De Martini |first=P.M. |last2=Barbano |first2=M.S. |last3=Smedile |first3=A. |last4=Gerardi |first4=F. |last5=Pantosti |first5=D. |last6=Del Carlo |first6=P. |last7=Pirrotta |first7=C. |date=October 2010 |title=A unique 4000 year long geological record of multiple tsunami inundations in the Augusta Bay (eastern Sicily, Italy) |journal=Marine Geology |volume=276 |issue=1–4 |pages=42–57 |bibcode=2010MGeol.276...42D |doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2010.07.005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1202
|Eastern Mediterranean
|1202 Syria earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 20 May 1202, a tsunami probably associated with this event was observed in eastern Cyprus and along the Syrian and Lebanese coasts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sbeinati&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mohamed Reda Sbeinati |last2=Ryad Darawcheh |last3=Mikhail Mouty |date=June 2005 |title=The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. |url=http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/3206/3251 |url-status=dead |journal=Annals of Geophysics |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=381, 389–391, 410 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627043553/http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/3206/3251 |archive-date=27 June 2015 |access-date=3 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bssa.geoscienceworld.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salamon |first=A. |last2=Rockwell |first2=T. |last3=Ward |first3=S. N. |last4=Guidoboni |first4=E. |last5=Comastri |first5=A. |year=2007 |title=Tsunami Hazard Evaluation of the Eastern Mediterranean: Historical Analysis and Selected Modeling |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=705–724 |bibcode=2007BuSSA..97..705S |doi=10.1785/0120060147}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1293
|Kamakura, Japan
|1293 Kamakura earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 27 May 1293, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake and tsunami hit Kamakura, then the ''de facto'' capital of Japan, killing 23,000 in the resulting fires.
|-
|1303
|Eastern Mediterranean
|1303 Crete earthquake
|Earthquake
|A team from Southern Cross University in Lismore, New South Wales, Australia, has found evidence of five tsunamis hitting Greece in the last 2000 years. &quot;Most were small and local, but on August 8, 1303 a larger one hit Crete, Rhodes, Alexandria and Acre in Israel.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Scheffers |first=Anja |year=2008 |title=Late Holocene tsunami traces on the western and southern coastlines of the Peloponnesus (Greece) |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=269 |issue=1–2 |pages=271–279 |bibcode=2008E&amp;PSL.269..271S |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.021}}. In: &quot;Fault found for Mediterranean 'day of horror'.&quot; ''New Scientist'' magazine, 15 March 2008, p. 16.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1343
|Gulf of Naples, Italy
|1343 Naples tsunami
|Landslide (possibly volcanic)
|A 2019 study attributes the event to a massive submarine landslide caused by the collapse of the flank of the Stromboli volcano on 25 November 1343.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rosi |first=M. |last2=Levi |first2=S. T. |last3=Pistolesi |first3=M. |last4=Bertagnini |first4=A. |last5=Brunelli |first5=D. |last6=Cannavò |first6=V. |last7=Di Renzoni |first7=A. |last8=Ferranti |first8=F. |last9=Renzulli |first9=A. |last10=Yoon |first10=D. |date=24 January 2019 |title=Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=677 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9..677R |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-37050-3 |pmc=6346119 |pmid=30679656 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1361
|Nankai, Japan
|1361 Shōhei earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 3 August 1361, during the Shōhei era, an 8.4 earthquake struck Nankaidō, followed by a tsunami. A total of 660 deaths were reported. The earthquake struck Awa, Settsu, Kii, Yamato and Awaji Provinces provinces (Tokushima, Osaka, Wakayama and Nara Prefectures and Awaji Island). A tsunami hit Awa and Tosa Provinces (Tokushima and Kōchi Prefectures), in Kii Strait and in Osaka Bay. The hot spring of Yunomine, Kii (Tanabe, Wakayama) stopped. The port of Yuki, Awa (Minami, Tokushima) was destroyed and more than 1,700 houses were razed.
|-
|1420
|Caldera, Chile
|1420 Caldera earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 31 August 1420, a huge earthquake shook what is now the Atacama Region of Chile. Landslides occurred along the coast and tsunamis affected not only Chile but also Hawaii and Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abad, 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Manuel Abad |last2=Tatiana Izquierdo |last3=Miguel Cáceres |last4=Enrique Bernárdez |last5=Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal |name-list-style=and |date=13 December 2018 |title=Coastal boulder deposit as evidence of an ocean-wide prehistoric tsunami originated on the Atacama Desert coast (northern Chile) |journal=Sedimentology |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=1505–1528 |doi=10.1111/sed.12570 |s2cid=135386871}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1454
|Mutsu Province, Japan
|1454 Kyōtoku earthquake and tsunami
|Earthquake
|On 23 November 1454, during the Kyōtoku era, an earthquake, possibly 8.4 or higher, shook the Kantō and Tōhoku regions at midnight, generating a tsunami that inundated {{Convert|1|-|2.5|km|1}} of land, sweeping people away in Mutsu Province.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Records of Miyako City |url=https://iwate-archive.pref.iwate.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/records_of_miyako_city.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sawai |first=Yuki |last2=Namegaya |first2=Yuichi |last3=Tamura |first3=Toru |last4=Nakashima |first4=Rei |last5=Tanigawa |first5=Koichiro |date=2015-06-28 |title=Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash: TSUNAMI INTERVALS ALONG THE JAPAN TRENCH |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |language=en |volume=42 |issue=12 |pages=4795–4800 |doi=10.1002/2015GL064167 |s2cid=128184505 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1498
|Nankai, Japan
|1498 Meiō earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 20 September 1498, during the Meiō era, a 7.5 earthquake occurred. The ports of Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture) were damaged by a tsunami of several metres in height. Between 30,000 and 40,000 deaths were estimated.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;/&gt; The building around the great Buddha of Kamakura (at an altitude of {{Cvt|7|m|ft}}) was swept away by the tsunami.
|-
|1531
|Lisbon, Portugal
|1531 Lisbon earthquake
|Earthquake
|The earthquake of 26 January 1531 was accompanied by a tsunami in the Tagus River that destroyed ships in the port of [[Lisbon]].
|-
|1541
|Nueva Cadiz, Venezuela
|
|Earthquake
|In 1528, [[Cristóbal Guerra]] founded Nueva Cádiz on the island of Cubagua, the first Spanish settlement in Venezuela. Nueva Cádiz, with a population of 1,000 to 1,500, may have been destroyed by an earthquake followed by tsunami on 25 December 1541; it could also have been a major hurricane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vila |first=P. |year=1948 |title=La destrucción de Nueva Cádiz ¿terremoto o huracán? |journal=Boletín de la Academia National de la Historia |volume=31 |pages=213–19}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ruins were declared a National Monument of Venezuela in 1979.
|-
|1585
|Aleutian Islands, Alaska
|1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 11 June 1585, a moderate tsunami struck the Japanese coast of Sanriku. At the same time, several native Hawaiians died after their settlements were hit by a tsunami-like event described in oral traditions. Evidence of a paleotsunami was also found in the Hawaiian Islands corresponding to a large tsunami in the 16th century. Modelling of a magnitude 9.25 earthquake in the Aleutian Islands matched descriptions and geological evidence in Japan and Hawaii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Butler_2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rhett Butler |last2=David A. Burney |last3=Kenneth H. Rubin |last4=David Walsh |year=2017 |title=The orphan Sanriku tsunami of 1586: new evidence from coral dating on Kaua'i |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=797–819 |bibcode=2017NatHa..88..797B |doi=10.1007/s11069-017-2902-7 |s2cid=134237666}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1586
|Honshu, Japan
|1586 Tenshō earthquake
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck central Honshu on 18 January 1586.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot; /&gt; The earthquake triggered tsunami waves in Lake Biwa, Wakasa Bay and Ise Bay, destroying villages and drowning residents. Waves of up to {{Convert|5|m}} were estimated.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hatori&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hatori |first=Tokutaro |year=2015 |title=1586 年天正地震の震源域と津波 |trans-title=Estimated Source Area of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake and Tsunami |url=http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |journal=Historical Earthquake |language=ja |volume=30 |pages=75–80}}&lt;/ref&gt; The events killed 8,000 people.
|-
|1605
|Nankai, Japan
|1605 Keichō earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 3 February 1605, in the Keichō era, an 8.1 magnitude earthquake and tsunami struck Japan. A tsunami with a known maximum height of {{Convert|30|m}} was observed from the Bōsō Peninsula to the eastern part of [[Kyushu|Kyushu Island]]. The eastern part of the Bōsō Peninsula, Edo Bay (Tokyo Bay), Sagami and Tōtōmi Provinces (Kanagawa and Shizuoka Prefectures), and the southeastern coast of Tosa Province (Kōchi Prefecture) suffered particularly severely.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot; /&gt; 700 houses (41%) in Hiro, Kii (Hirogawa, Wakayama) were razed and 3,600 people drowned in Shishikui, Awa (Kaiyō, Tokushima) area. Wave heights reached {{Convert|5|to|6|m}} in Kannoura, Tosa (Tōyō, Kōchi) and {{Convert|8|to|10|m}} in Sakihama, Tosa (Muroto, Kōchi). 350 drowned in Kannoura and 60 at Sakihama. In total more than 5,000 drowned.
|-
|1608
|Sendai Plains, Japan
|
|
|On 23 November 1608, a major earthquake hit Sendai beach, generating a tsunami that swept away and killed over 50 people.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1611
|Sanriku, [[Japan]]
|1611 Sanriku earthquake
|Earthquake
|An 8.1&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:Tooltip/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Ms earthquake in the [[Pacific Ocean]] off the [[Sanriku Coast]] on 2 December 1611&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA_EQ&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=[[National Centers for Environmental Information]] |year=1972 |title=Significant earthquake information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/856 |doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K |access-date=28 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Danger in the Lowground: The Japan Earthquake in Historical Context |url=http://hnn.us/articles/139314.html |website=hnn.us}}&lt;/ref&gt; generated a tsunami that reached its maximum estimated height of about {{Convert|20|m|ft}} at [[Ōfunato]], Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=図16 1611年12月2日の慶長三陸地震の津波波高分布と震度分布（羽鳥，1975b） |url=http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/09mar_sanriku/f16.htm |publisher=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion}}&lt;/ref&gt; About 5,000 people were killed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Utsu |first=T. |year=2004 |title=Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World |url=http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html |access-date=26 November 2011 |publisher=IISEE |archive-date=18 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918042738/http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1674
|Banda Sea, Indonesia
|1674 Ambon earthquake and megatsunami
|Earthquake
|On 17 February 1674, an earthquake triggered a landslide that generated waves of up to {{Convert|100|m|ft}} along the coast of Ambon Island, killing more than 2,000.
|-
|1677
|Bōsō Peninsula, Japan
|1677 Bōsō earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 4 November 1677, a low-intensity earthquake was felt in the area around the Bōsō Peninsula, but was followed by a large tsunami, which killed an estimated 569 people.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yanagisawa_etal_2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Yanagisawa |first=H. |last2=Goto |first2=K. |last3=Sugawara |first3=D. |last4=Kanamaru |first4=K. |last5=Iwamoto |first5=N. |last6=Takamori |first6=Y. |year=2016 |title=Tsunami earthquake can occur elsewhere along the Japan Trench—Historical and geological evidence for the 1677 earthquake and tsunami |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |volume=121 |issue=5 |pages=3504–3516 |bibcode=2016JGRB..121.3504Y |doi=10.1002/2015JB012617 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1693
|[[Sisiliya|Sicily]]
|1693 Sicily earthquake
|Earthquake
|A major earthquake on 9 January 1693 was followed on 11 January 1693 by the most powerful earthquake in Italian history. The ensuing tsunami devastated the Ionian Sea coast and the Strait of Messina. The wave struck about {{Convert|230|km}} of the coast of Sicily, reaching a height of between {{Convert|2.4|and|26|m|ft|0}} at Augusta and penetrating {{Convert|1.5|km|1}} inland at Mascali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gerardi |first=P. |last2=Barbano M.S. |last3=De Martini P.M. |last4=Pantosti D. |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=Discrimination of Tsunami Sources (Earthquake versus Landslide) on the Basis of Historical Data in Eastern Sicily and Southern Calabria |url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/4119/2/Gerardi%20manuscript%202007192.pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=2795–2805 |bibcode=2008BuSSA..98.2795G |doi=10.1785/0120070192 |access-date=20 November 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513081020/https://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/4119/2/Gerardi%20manuscript%202007192.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is unclear whether the tsunami was caused directly by the earthquake or by a large underwater landslide triggered by the event.
|}

== Shekaru na 1700 ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Shekara
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Wurin da yake
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Babban labarin
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Dalili na farko
!Bayyanawa
|-
|1700
|Pacific Northwest, Amurka da Kanada
|1700 Girgizar kasa ta Cascadia
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1700, [[Cascadia subduction zone|C]]=&quot;cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;610&quot; href=&quot;./1700_Cascadia_earthquake&quot; id=&quot;mwBEc&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;1700 Cascadia earthquake&quot;&gt;Girgizar kasa ta Cascadia, tare da kimanin girman 9.0, ta rushe yankin Cascadia (C SZ) daga [[Vancouver Island|Tsibirin Vancouver]] zuwa California, kuma ta haifar da babbar tsunami da aka rubuta a Japan da kuma al'adun baki na 'yan asalin Pacific Northwest. Ruwa ya kama Jafananci ba tare da sanin asalinsa ba, kuma an bayyana shi a cikin littafin, The Orphan Tsunami . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Brian Atwater}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1703
|Kanto, Japan
|1703 Girgizar ƙasa ta Genroku
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 1703, girgizar kasa mai girman 8.2 ta auku a Edo. An yi rikodin tsunami har zuwa mita 11.7 (38  a bakin tekun Yankin Kantō. Rahotanni na hukuma sun sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a bala'in girgizar kasa a mutane 5,233, amma wasu kimantawa sun sanya shi sama da 200,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1163 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509081441/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1163 |archive-date=2023-05-09 |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=www.ngdc.noaa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1707
|Nankai, Japan
|1707 Girgizar ƙasa ta Hōei
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1707, a lokacin zamanin Hōei, girgizar ƙasa da tsunami mai girman 8.4 har zuwa mita 10 (30   ya buge Lardin Tosa (Kōchi Prefecture).&lt;ref name=&quot;Hatorib&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hatori |first=T. |year=1981 |title=Field investigations of the Nankaido Tsunamis in 1707 and 1854 along the South-west coast of Shikoku |url=http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12817/1/ji0563006.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Bulletin Earthquake Research Institute |language=ja |volume=56 |pages=547–70 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006004423/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/12817/1/ji0563006.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2011 |access-date=23 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fiye da gidaje 29,000 sun lalace, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 30,000. A Tosa, an rushe gidaje 11,170 zuwa ƙasa, kuma mutane 18,441 sun nitse. Kimanin mutane 700 sun nitse kuma an rushe gidaje 603 zuwa ƙasa a Osaka. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi na Yunomine, Kii (Tanabe, Wakayama), Sanji, Ryujin, Kii (tanabe, wakayama) Kanayana (Shirahama, Wakayam) da Dōgo, Iyo (Matsuyama, Ehime) sun daina gudana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) |date=20 September 2005 |title=NOAA/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database |url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214012534/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_db.shtml |archive-date=14 February 2013 |access-date=25 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1731
|Storfjorden, Norway
|Storfjorden
|Rushewar ƙasa
|A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1731, wani rushewa a cikin Storfjorden daga Stranda ya haifar da tsunami har zuwa mita 100 (300  tsawo, ya kashe mutane 17.
|-
|1737
|[[Yankin Kamchatka]], [[Rasha]]
|1737 Girgizar kasa ta Kamchatka
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1737, girgizar kasa ta 9.0-9.3 M&lt;sub&gt;W&lt;/sub&gt; a cikin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] a gudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Kamchatka ta haifar da tsunami. Tsunami ya kai tsawo na mita 30 (100  a Avacha Bay, kuma a wasu wurare a kan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na bakin tekun na mita 6.3 (21  da mita 63 (207  an ruwaito kuma an sami shaidar tsayin mita 70 (200  a kan tudu ɗaya. A arewacin Tsibirin Kuril, raƙuman ruwa sun kai mita 20 (70 ft) tsawo, yayin da a Amchitka a cikin Tsibirin Aleutian ya kai mita 12 zuwa 16 (39 zuwa 52 ft).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/412 |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NCEI}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1741
|Yammacin Oshima, Japan
|1741 fashewar Oshima-Ōshima da tsunami na Kampo
|Dutsen wuta
|A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1741, wani tsunami ya faru da yammacin Yankin Oshima, Ezo ([[Hokkaido]]) wanda ya haifar da fashewar dutsen mai fitattun wuta a tsibirin Ōshima. Tsunami kanta an yi imanin cewa sakamakon rushewar wani bangare ne na rushewar ruwa wanda fashewar ta haifar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Satake&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Satake |first=Kenji |date=May 2007 |title=Volcanic origin of the 1741 Oshima-Oshima tsunami in the Japan Sea |journal=Earth, Planets and Space |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=381–390 |bibcode=2007EP&amp;S...59..381S |doi=10.1186/bf03352698 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutane 1,467 sun mutu a Ezo.
|-
|1743
|Apulia, Italiya
|1743 Girgizar kasa ta Salento
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1743, girgizar ƙasa mai girman 7.1 a cikin Strait of Otranto ta haifar da tsunami har zuwa mita 11 (36 .&lt;ref name=&quot;Mastronuzzi&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mastronuzzi |first=G. |last2=Pignatelli |first2=C. |last3=Sansò |first3=P. |last4=Selleri |first4=G. |date=August 2007 |title=Boulder accumulations produced by the 20th of February, 1743 tsunami along the coast of southeastern Salento (Apulia region, Italy) |journal=Marine Geology |volume=242 |issue=1–3 |pages=191–205 |bibcode=2007MGeol.242..191M |doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.025 |s2cid=140604522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin mutane 180 da 300 sun mutu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nappi |first=R. |last2=Gaudiosi |first2=G. |last3=Alessio |first3=G. |last4=De Lucia |first4=M. |last5=Porfido |first5=S. |date=April 2017 |title=The environmental effects of the 1743 Salento earthquake (Apulia, southern Italy): a contribution to seismic hazard assessment of the Salento Peninsula |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=86 |issue=S2 |pages=295–324 |bibcode=2017NatHa..86S.295N |doi=10.1007/s11069-016-2548-x |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1755
|Lisbon, Portugal
|1755 Girgizar ƙasa ta Lisbon
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Dubban dubban mutanen Portugal da suka tsira daga girgizar kasa mai girma a Lisbon a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1755 tsunami ta kashe su bayan minti 40 bayan haka. Mutane da yawa sun gudu zuwa gabar teku, wani yanki mai aminci daga gobara da tarkace a lokacin girgizar ƙasa. Wadannan mutane sun kalli teku ta koma baya, suna nuna zurfin teku da ke cike da kayan da suka ɓace da kuma fashewar jirgin ruwa. Tsunami din ya kai hari da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 15 (49 , yana tafiya cikin ƙasa. 

Girgizar ƙasa, tsunami, da gobara sun kashe mutane 40,000 zuwa 50,000.[13] Tarihin tarihi na masu ba da hanya na farko kamar Vasco da Gama sun ɓace, kuma daga cikin gine-ginen da aka rushe sune mafi yawan misalai na Portugal na gine-ginin Manueline. Mutanen Turai na ƙarni na goma sha takwas sun yi ƙoƙari su fahimci bala'in a cikin tsarin imani na addini da tunani, kuma masana falsafa na Haskakawa, musamman Voltaire, sun rubuta game da taron. Tunanin falsafa na mafi girma, kamar yadda Immanuel Kant ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga yunkurin fahimtar girman girgizar kasa da tsunami na Lisbon. Tsunami ya ɗauki sama da awanni 4 don tafiya sama da mil 1,000 (kilomita 1,600) zuwa Cornwall a Ƙasar Ingila. Wani asusun da Arnold Boscowitz ya yi ikirarin &quot;babban asarar rai&quot;. Har ila yau, ya buge Galway, Ireland, kuma ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga ɓangaren Arch na Mutanen Espanya na bangon birnin.
Tsunami ya ɗauki sama da awanni 4 don tafiya sama da mil 1,000 (kilomita 1,600) zuwa Cornwall a Ƙasar Ingila. Wani asusun da [[Arnold Boscowitz]] ya yi ikirarin &quot;babban asarar rai&quot;. Har ila yau, ya buge Galway, Ireland,  ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga ɓangaren Arch na Mutanen Espanya na bangon birnin.
|-
|1756
|Langfjorden, Norway
|Langfjorden
|Rushewar ƙasa
|A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1756, wani rushewa a Langfjorden ya haifar da megatsunamis uku a Langfjordin da Eresfjorden tare da tsawo na mita 40 zuwa 50 (130 zuwa 160 . Raƙuman ruwa sun kashe mutane 32 kuma sun lalata gine-gine 168, jiragen ruwa 196, gandun daji mai yawa, hanyoyi da saukowar jirgin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hoel, Christer, &quot;The Tjelle Rock Avalanche in 1756,&quot; fjords.com Retrieved 22 June 2020 |url=https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-tjelle/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804005621/https://www.fjords.com/rock-avalanches-tjelle/ |archive-date=2020-08-04 |access-date=2020-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1761
|Lisbon, Portugal
|1761 Girgizar kasa ta Lisbon
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Fiye da shekaru biyar bayan girgizar kasa ta 1755, a ranar 31 ga Maris 1761, wani abin da ya faru tare da kimanin girman 8.5 ya girgiza yankin Iberian. Ya haifar da tsunami har zuwa mita 2.4 (7.9  a Lisbon. A Cornwall, tsunami ya kai sama da mita 1 (3  a tsawo. Ba a san cikakkun bayanai game da wannan girgizar ƙasa ba, gwamnatin Portugal ta tantance ta don hana tsoro.
|-
|1762
|Rahkin, Burma
|1762 Girgizar kasa ta Arakan
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1762, girgizar kasa ta mamaye gabar yammacin Myanmar (Burma) da Chittagong tare da kimanin girman 8.8, wanda ya haifar da tsunami a Bay of Bengal kuma ya kashe fiye da mutane 200.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Yu Wang |year=2013 |title=Permanent upper-plate deformation in western Myanmar during the great 1762 earthquake: Implications for neotectonic behavior of the northern Sunda megathrust |url=https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7853/6/Ch%204-1762%20earthquake.pdf |journal=Dissertation |volume=118 |issue=3 |page=1277 |bibcode=2013JGRB..118.1277W |doi=10.1002/jgrb.50121 |via=Caltech |doi-access=free |access-date=2025-08-11 |archive-date=2025-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503063255/https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7853/6/Ch%204-1762%20earthquake.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1771
|Tsibirin Yaeyama, Ryūkyū
|1771 Babban Tsunami na Yaeyama
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Girgizar ƙasa a karkashin ruwa tare da kimanin 7.4 ya faru a kusa da Tsibirin Yaeyama a cikin tsohon Masarautar Ryūkyū (a yau Okinawa, Japan) a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 1771 a kusan 08:00. Ba a yi imanin cewa girgizar kasa ta haifar da mutuwar kai tsaye ba, amma tsunami da ya haifar ya kashe kimanin mutane 12,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=沖縄県 |url=http://www3.pref.okinawa.jp/site/view/contview.jsp?cateid=41&amp;id=3360&amp;page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526114121/http://www3.pref.okinawa.jp/site/view/contview.jsp?cateid=41&amp;id=3360&amp;page=1 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |access-date=11 March 2011 |publisher=.pref.okinawa.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kimanin ci gaba a Tsibirin Ishigaki ya kasance daga mita 30 zuwa 85.4 (100 zuwa 280 . Tsunami ya biyo bayan annobar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da gazawar amfanin gona. Ya ɗauki shekaru 148 don yawan jama'a su koma matakan da suka gabata.
|-
|1781
|Pingtung, Taiwan
|
|
|A watan Afrilu ko Mayu na shekara ta 1781, bisa ga bayanan Taiwan County, a Jiadong, Pingtung, raƙuman ruwa na mita 3 (10  sun mamaye birnin. Kifi da shrimp sun yi yawa a bakin teku kuma an shafe ƙauyukan kamun kifi da ke kusa. Koyaya, ba a bayar da rahoton girgizar ƙasa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;scweb.cwb.gov.tw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=交通部中央氣象局 |date=5 March 2008 |title=中央氣象局-地震測報地理資訊系統首頁 |url=http://scweb.cwb.gov.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ItemId=37&amp;CId=199&amp;loc=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307131030/http://scweb.cwb.gov.tw/NewsContent.aspx?ItemId=37&amp;CId=199&amp;loc=en |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=7 March 2014 |website=通部中央氣象局中文}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wata majiya daban ta yi iƙirarin cewa raƙuman ruwa na mita 30 (100  sun buga [[Tainan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;taipeitimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 December 2004 |title=Taiwan has a scattered history of tsunamis – Taipei Times |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/12/29/2003217195 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307140340/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/12/29/2003217195 |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=7 March 2014 |website=Taipei Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar shine kuskuren rikodin kwanan wata, wanda ya dace da Babban taron Yaeyama da aka ambata a sama.
|-
|1783
|[[Calabria]], Italiya
|1783 Girgizar ƙasa ta Calabria
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Girgizar kasa ita ce ta biyu a cikin jerin girgizar kasa biyar da ta girgiza Calabria tsakanin 5 ga Fabrairu da 28 ga Maris 1783. Jama'ar Scilla sun kwashe dare bayan girgizar kasa ta farko a bakin rairayin bakin teku, inda tsunami ta wanke su, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 1,500. Tsunami ya samo asali ne daga rushewar Monte Paci cikin teku, kusa da birnin. Kimanin mutuwar daga girgizar kasa da tsunami sun kai 32,000 zuwa 50,000.
|-
|1792
|Kyūshū, Japan
|1792 Girgizar ƙasa da tsunami
|Tsarin dutsen wuta
|Tsunamis sune babban dalilin mutuwar a cikin mafi munin bala'in dutsen wuta a tarihin Japan, fashewar Dutsen Unzen, Lardin Hizen (Nagasaki Prefecture), [[Kyushu]], Japan. Zuwa ƙarshen shekara ta 1791, jerin girgizar ƙasa a gefen yammacin Dutsen Unzen sun koma zuwa ''Fugen-dake'', ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan Dutsen Uncen. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1792, ''Fugen-dake'' ya fashe, ya fara watanni biyu na kwararar dutse. Girgizar kasa ta ci gaba, ta kusanci garin Shimabara. A daren 21 ga Mayu 1792, manyan girgizar ƙasa guda biyu sun riga sun rushewar gabashin Dutsen Unzen na Mayuyama. Ruwan sama ya mamaye Shimabara da Ariake Bay, ya haifar da tsunami. Tsunami ta mamaye Lardin Higo (Kumamoto Prefecture) tare da Ariake Bay kafin ta murmure. Daga cikin kimanin mutuwar 15,000, kimanin 5,000 an yi imanin sun mutu daga rushewar ƙasa, kusan 5,000 daga tsunami a Lardin Higo, kuma kusan 5,000 daga tsuntsu da ya koma Shimabara. Raƙuman ruwa sun kai tsawo na {{Convert|100|m|ft}} m (300 , suna mai da shi karamin megatsunami.
|-
|1793
|Sanriku, Japan
|
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1793, wata babbar girgizar kasa ta auku a kusa da karfe 12:00 a kudancin Sanriku. Ya kwashe gidaje 72 kuma ya kashe mutane 11 a Otsuchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1797
|Sumatra, Indonesia
|1797 Girgizar kasa ta Sumatra
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1797, wani babban girgizar kasa da aka kiyasta kusan 8.4 a kan girman girman lokacin da ya buge Sumatra a Indonesia. Mutane da yawa sun mutu, kodayake ba a san yawan su ba.
|}

== Shekaru na 1800 ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
|1806
|Goldau, Switzerland
|1806 Goldau landslide
|Landslide
|On 2 September 1806, a landslide of 120,000,000 tons of rock, much of which displaced water from Lake Lauerz and caused a tsunami that inundated lakeside villages, killing 457 people.
|-
|1812
|Santa Barbara Channel, Alta California
|1812 Ventura earthquake
|Earthquake or landslide
|On 21 December 1812, a magnitude 7.1 to 7.5 earthquake triggered a {{Convert|3.4|m}} tsunami (eyewitness reported more than {{Convert|15|m}}) in the Lompoc area, leveling homes and missions in the area. It left a ship inland before taking it back out to sea. Its origin may be due to faults or landslides.
|-
|1815
|Tambora, Indonesia
|1815 eruption of Mount Tambora
|Volcanic eruption
|On 10 April 1815, an eruption of VEI 7 caused a localized tsunami. Tsunami of {{Convert|4|m|ft}} in Sanggar, {{Cvt|1 to 2|m|ft}} in Besuki, Java Island and 2&amp;nbsp;m in the Molucca Islands.
|-
|1819
|[[Gujarat]], India
|1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 16 June 1819, a local tsunami inundated the Great Rann of Kutch
|-
|1833
|Sumatra, Dutch East-Indies
|1833 Sumatra earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 25 November 1833, an earthquake with an estimated moment magnitude between 8.8 and 9.2 struck [[Sumatra]] in the Dutch East-Indies. The coast of Sumatra, near the epicenter of the earthquake, was the most affected by the resulting tsunami.
|-
|1837
|Valdivia, Chile
|1837 Valdivia earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 7 November 1837, an earthquake hit south-central Chile, also striking Hawaii, French Polynesia, and Japan. In Japan, it was considered strange as they had felt no earthquake prior to the tsunami.
|-
|1841
|[[Yankin Kamchatka|Kamchatka Peninsula]], Russia
|1841 Kamchatka earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 17 May 1841, an earthquake with an estimated moment magnitude of at least 9.0 in the [[Pacific Ocean]] off the Kamchatka Peninsula generated a tsunami with a maximum run-up height of {{Convert|15|m|ft}} along the peninsula's eastern coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Joanne Bourgeois |last2=Tatiana K. Pinegina |year=2017 |title=The 1997 Kronotsky earthquake and tsunami and their predecessors, Kamchatka, Russia |url=https://nhess.copernicus.org/preprints/nhess-2017-172/nhess-2017-172-RC2-supplement.pdf |journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=335–350 |bibcode=2018NHESS..18..335B |doi=10.5194/nhess-18-335-2018 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЕ 17 МАЯ 1841 г. |trans-title=EARTHQUAKE MAY 17, 1841 |url=http://www.wdcb.ru/sep/seismology/method/Kamchatka/1841_may.17.ru.html |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=wdcb.ru |publisher=World Data Center for Solid Earth Physics |language=Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tsunami  reached Hilo, [[Hawaii]], where it measured {{Convert|4.6|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/723 |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1843
|Sumatra, Dutch East-Indies
|1843 Nias earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 5 January 1843, a 7.8 earthquake collapsed many homes in Sumatra and Nias, also generating a tsunami.
|-
|1843
|Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles
|1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 8 February 1843, an 8.5 earthquake generated a {{Convert|1.2|m|ft}} high tsunami which hit Antigua.
|-
|1843
|Honshu, Japan
|1843 Tokachi earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 26 March 1843, an 8.0 earthquake hit around 6:00, causing waves {{Convert|4|to|7|m|0}} high. It damaged houses in Akamae, Miyako, as well as damaging 14 or 15 huts in Shirogane, Hachinohe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1853–1854
|Lituya Bay, Alaska
|
|Landslide
|Sometime between August 1853 and May 1854, a large tsunami traveled through the bay. The wave had a maximum height of {{Convert|120|m|ft}} and inundated the bay shoreline up to {{Convert|750|ft|m}} inland.[102]
|-
|1854
|Nankai, Tōkai, and Kyushu, Japan
|Ansei great earthquakes
|Earthquake
|The Ansei earthquakes which hit the south coast of Japan, were actually a series of three earthquakes over the course of several days.

* An 8.4 magnitude earthquake on 23 December 1854, near Mikawa Province (Aichi Prefecture) and Tōtōmi Province (Shizuoka Prefecture) produced tsunami heights of {{Convert|4|to|6|m|0}}, with localized heights of up to {{Convert|16.5|m|0}}, which is believed to be due to the shape of the port.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sugawara&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sugawara |first=D. |last2=Minoura K. |last3=Imamura F. |last4=Takahashi T. |last5=Shuto N. |year=2005 |title=A huge sand dome, ca. 700,000&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in volume, formed by the 1854 Earthquake Tsunami in Suruga Bay, Central Japan |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset462.pdf |url-status=live |journal=ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=147–58 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716100414/http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset462.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=14 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Another magnitude 8.4 earthquake on 24 December 1854 in Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture). The resulting tsunami reached a height of {{Convert|8.4|m|0}}, and swept away 15,000 homes away.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2011}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; The number of homes directly destroyed by the earthquake was 2,598; 1,443 people died.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;/&gt;
* A magnitude 7.4 earthquake on 26 December 1854 in Iyo Province (Ehime Prefecture) and Bungo Province (Ōita Prefecture).

The total result was 80,000 to 100,000 deaths.
|-
|1855
|Edo, Japan
|1855 Edo earthquake
|Earthquake
|The following year, on 11 November 1855, the Great Ansei Edo earthquake of 1855 struck the Edo ([[Tokyo]]) region of Japan, killing between 4,500 and 10,000 people. Popular stories of the time blamed the earthquakes and tsunamis on a wallowing giant catfish named ''Namazu'' thrashing about. The name of the Japanese era was changed to bring good luck after four disastrous earthquakes and tsunamis in two years.
|-
|1856
|Sanriku, Japan
|
|Earthquake
|On 23 July 1856, at around 12:00, an earthquake generated a tsunami affecting communities similar to the 1896 Sanriku earthquake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Case Details &gt; The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami |url=https://www.shippai.org/fkd/en/cfen/CA1000616.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=shippai.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 108 houses were damaged in the vicinity of what is now Miyako City.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1856
|Jijel, Algeria
|1856 Djijelli earthquakes
|Earthquake
|On August 22, 1856, an earthquake generated a tsunami that affected the Mediterranean Sea.
|-
|1867
|Virgin Islands
|1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
|Earthquake
|On 18 November 1867, a large doublet earthquake occurred in the Virgin Islands archipelago. The crash likely occurred between the islands of Saint Thomas and Saint Croix. The highest run of {{Cvt|7.6|m}} was observed at Frederiksted on Saint Croix, and occurred within minutes of the tremors.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Barkan |first=R. |last2=ten Brink |first2=U. |year=2010 |title=Tsunami Simulations of the 1867 Virgin Island Earthquake: Constraints on Epicenter Location and Fault Parameters |url=https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/staffpages/utenbrink/my%20publications/BSSA-D-09-00211.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=100 |pages=995–1009 |bibcode=2010BuSSA.100..995B |citeseerx=10.1.1.544.6624 |doi=10.1785/0120090211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131042407/https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/staffpages/utenbrink/my%20publications/BSSA-D-09-00211.pdf |archive-date=31 January 2017 |access-date=3 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1867
|Keelung, Taiwan
|1867 Keelung earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 18 December 1867, a major earthquake struck Keelung, Taiwan, causing the crust of the mountains to deform and fissures to open. The water drained out of Keelung Harbor to reveal the sea floor, then returned in a large wave. The boats were dragged to the center of the city. In many places, the ground and the mountains split open and water gushed out of fissures. Hundreds of deaths resulted.&lt;ref name=&quot;scweb.cwb.gov.tw&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;taipeitimes.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1868
|Hawaiian Islands
|1868 Hawaii earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 2 April 1868, a local earthquake estimated to be between 7.5 and 8.0 magnitude struck off the southeastern coast of the island of Hawaii. It triggered a landslide on the slopes of the [[Dutsen Volcano|volcano]] [[Mauna Loa]], {{Convert|5|mi|km}} north of Pahala, killing 31 people. Then a tsunami claimed an additional 46 lives. The villages of Punaluu, Ninole, Kawaa, Honuapo, and Keauhou Landing were heavily damaged, and the village of Apua was destroyed. According to one account, the tsunami &quot;passed over the tops of coconut palms, probably 60 feet [18 m] high .... inland for a distance of a quarter of a mile [0.4 km] in places, carrying into the sea as it returned, houses, men, women, and almost all furniture.&quot;
|-
|1868
|Arica, Peru (now part of Chile)
|1868 Arica earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 13 August 1868, an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 struck the Peru–Chile Trench. A resulting tsunami hit the port of Arica, then part of Peru, killing an estimated 25,000 in Arica and 70,000 in total. Three military ships anchored in Arica, the American warship USS Wateree and the freighter ''Fredonia'', and the Peruvian warship ''America'', were swept away by the tsunami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The 1868 Arica Tsunami |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/tsunamis/peru/ptsu_1868.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525062840/http://www.usc.edu/dept/tsunamis/peru/ptsu_1868.html |archive-date=25 May 2011 |access-date=11 March 2011 |publisher=Usc.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1871
|Molucca Sea
|1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami
|Volcanic eruption
|In March 1871, an explosive eruption from the Ruang volcano triggered a locally devastating tsunami measuring {{Convert|25|m|ft}}. It flooded many villages on nearby islands, killing about 400 people.
|-
|1874
|Lituya Bay, Alaska
|
|Landslide
|Sometime around 1874, perhaps in May 1874, a megatsunami occurred in Lituya Bay. It had a maximum rise height of {{Convert|80|ft|m}}, flooding the bay shoreline as far as {{Convert|2100|ft|m}} inland.[110]
|-
|1877
|Iquique, Chile
|1877 Iquique earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 9 May 1877, an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 occurred off the coast of what is now Chile, causing a tsunami that killed an estimated 2,541 people. This event followed the destructive earthquake and tsunami at Arica by only nine years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Delouis |first=B. |last2=Pardo |first2=M. |last3=Legrand |first3=D. |last4=Monfret |first4=T. |year=2009 |title=The Mw 7.7 Tocopilla Earthquake of 14 November 2007 at the Southern Edge of the Northern Chile Seismic Gap: Rupture in the Deep Part of the Coupled Plate Interface |url=http://www.saferproject.net/doc/publications_safer/Tocopilla_BSSA.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=99 |issue=1 |pages=87–94 |bibcode=2009BuSSA..99...87D |doi=10.1785/0120080192 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724051908/http://www.saferproject.net/doc/publications_safer/Tocopilla_BSSA.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1881
|Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands
|1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 31 December 1881 a tsunami caused by an earthquake was recorded on all the coasts of the Bay of Bengal by tide gauges. This information has been used to estimate the rupture area and magnitude of the earthquake.
|-
|1883
|Krakatoa, Sunda Strait, Netherlands East Indies
|[[1883 fashewar Krakatoa|1883 eruption of Krakatoa]]
|Volcanic eruption
|The volcano on the island of Krakatoa in the Dutch East-Indies (present-day Indonesia) exploded on 27 August 1883, partially emptying its subterranean [[magma]] chamber, causing much of the land and seabed to collapse onto it. The collapse generated a series of large tsunami waves, some more than {{Convert|40|m}} above sea level. Tsunami waves were observed throughout the [[Tekun Indiya|Indian Ocean]], the Pacific Ocean, and as far away as the west coast of the United States and South America. On the opposing coasts of [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]] flooding from the sea reached many miles inland and caused such loss of life that one area was never resettled, reverting to jungle and is now the Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve.
|-
|1888
|Ritter Island, Netherlands East Indies
|1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami
|Volcanic eruption
|On 13 March 1888, a significant portion of Ritter Island collapsed into the sea, generating tsunamis up to {{Convert|12|to|15|m|ft|0}} high that struck nearby islands and traveled as far south as [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]], where they were {{Convert|8|m|ft|0}} high. The waves killed about 3,000 people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wardandday&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ward, S.N. |last2=Day, S. |name-list-style=amp |year=2003 |title=Ritter Island Volcano—lateral collapse and the tsunami of 1888 |url=http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~ward/papers/gji_Ritter_final.pdf |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=154 |issue=3 |pages=891–902 |bibcode=2003GeoJI.154..891W |doi=10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.02016.x |access-date=11 June 2007 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ritter Island at Volcano World |url=http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/group.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721213536/http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/group.html |archive-date=2006-07-21 |access-date=2020-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1896
|Sanriku, Japan
|1896 Sanriku earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 15 June 1896, at around 19:32 local time, a large undersea earthquake off the coast of Sanriku, northeastern [[Honshu]], Japan, triggered tsunami waves that hit the shore approximately half an hour later. Although the earthquake itself is not believed to have caused any deaths, the waves, which reached a height of {{Convert|100|ft|m}}, killed an estimated 27,000 people. In 2005, the same general area was hit by the 2005 Sanriku Japan earthquake, but without a major tsunami.
|}

== 1900–1950 ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
|1905
|Loenvatnet, Norway
|
|Rockfall
|On 15 January 1905, a rockslide hit lake Loenvatnet in Sogn og Fjordane, creating a {{Convert|40|m|ft}} flood wave that destroyed the villages of Ytre Nesdal and Bødal, killing 61 people. The slide, which started {{Convert|500|m|ft|0}} up the side of Mount Ramnefjell, had a mass of about {{Convert|870000|MT|LT ST}} when it entered the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Lodal catastrophes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Lodal catastrophes |url=https://en.nordfjord.no/things-to-do/the-lodal-catastrophes-p916503 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729020745/https://en.nordfjord.no/things-to-do/the-lodal-catastrophes-p916503 |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=2017-07-28 |website=Nord Fjord}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1905
|Disenchantment Bay, Alaska
|
|Glacier collapse
|On 4 July 1905, a tsunami at Disenchantment Bay in [[Alaska]] snapped tree branches {{Convert|110|ft|m}} above ground level {{Convert|0.5|mi|km|1}} away from its source, killed vegetation to a height of {{Convert|65|ft|m}} as far as {{Convert|3|mi|km|0}} away, and reached heights of {{Convert|50|to|115|ft|m|0}} at various locations on the Haenke Island shoreline. At a distance of {{Convert|15|mi|km|0}}, observers at Russell Fjord reported a series of large waves that caused the water level to rise and fall {{Convert|15|to|20|ft|m|0}} for a half an hour.[120]
|-
|1906
|Tumaco-Esmeraldas, Colombia-Ecuador
|1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 31 January 1906 an earthquake caused a tsunami that killed 500 people in Tumaco and Esmeraldas and hit [[Kolombiya|Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[California]], [[Hawaii]], and Japan. The waves were {{Convert|5|m|ft}} high.
|-
|1907
|Simeulue, Nias off [[Sumatra]]
|1907 Sumatra earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 4 January 1907, an earthquake triggered a transoceanic tsunami, causing 2,188 deaths in Simeulue and Nias.&lt;ref name=&quot;Martin_etal_2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Martin S.S. |last2=Li L. |last3=Okal E.A. |last4=Morin J. |last5=Tetteroo A.E.G. |last6=Switzer A.D. |last7=Sieh K.E. |date=26 March 2019 |title=Reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra 'Tsunami Earthquake' Based on Macroseismic, Seismological, and Tsunami Observations, and Modeling |journal=Pure and Applied Geophysics |language=en |volume=176 |issue=7 |pages=2831–2868 |bibcode=2019PApGe.176.2831M |doi=10.1007/s00024-019-02134-2 |s2cid=135197944 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1908
|Messina, Italy
|1908 Messina earthquake
|Earthquake-triggered underwater landslide
|[[File:Messina_earthquake.jpg|thumb|The aftermath of the tsunami that struck Messina in 1908]] On 28 December 1908 an earthquake combined with a tsunami claimed an estimated 80,000 lives.&lt;ref name=&quot;CFTI5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Guidoboni E. |last2=Ferrari G. |last3=Mariotti D. |last4=Comastri A. |last5=Tarabusi G. |last6=Sgattoni G. |last7=Valensise G |title=1908 12 28, 04:20:27 Calabria meridionale-Messina (Italy) |url=https://storing.ingv.it/cfti/cfti5/quake.php?21318IT |website=CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1917
|Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, [[Kanada|Canada]]
|Halifax Explosion
|Explosion
|After the cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc caught fire on 6 December 1917, her cargo of high explosives detonated in a massive explosion that displaced water around the ship and briefly exposed the bottom of Halifax Harbour. Water rushing in to fill the void generated a tsunami which reached a height of {{Convert|18|m|0}} along the harbour's western shore at Halifax.
|-
|1918
|[[Puerto Rico]]
|1918 San Fermín earthquake
|Earthquake-triggered underwater landslide
|On 11 October 1918 an underwater earthquake in the Mona Passage which may have been associated with an underwater landslide generated a tsunami with a run-up height of {{Convert|6|m|0}} along the northern and western coasts of Puerto Rico, killing 116 people and leaving 100 missing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hornback |first=M. J. |last2=Mondziel |first2=S. A. |last3=Grindlay |first3=N. R. |last4=Frohlich |first4=C. |last5=Mann |first5=P. |year=2008 |title=Did a submarine landslide trigger the 1918 Puerto Rico tsunami? |url=http://www.tsunamisociety.org/272Hornbach.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Science of Tsunami Hazards |volume=27 |pages=22–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070054/http://www.tsunamisociety.org/272Hornbach.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tsunamitravelatlantic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Travel Time Maps: Tsunami Sources |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu_travel_time_events.shtml |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] National Centers for Environmental Information}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1923
|[[Nha Trang]], French Indochina
|
|Volcano
|Generated by either a 6.1-magnitude earthquake in the [[Hon Tro Islands]] or a volcanic eruption, the tsunami flooded the coast, reportedly damaging a [[Barga|stable]] {{Convert|5|to|6|m}} from the shoreline.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=VietNamNet News |title=Báo VietnamNet |url=https://vietnamnet.vn/en/tsunami-in-vietnam-is-the-real-risk-E20958.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=VietNamNet News |language=vietnamese}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1923
|[[Yankin Kamchatka|Kamchatka Peninsula]], [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]]
|February 1923 Kamchatka earthquake
|Underwater earthquake
|An 8.4-magnitude earthquake in the Pacific Ocean east of the Kamchatka Peninsula on 4 February 1923 generated a tsunami which reached a height of {{Convert|8|m}} along the peninsula's coast. The wave caused property damage there and in [[Hawaii]], and also was observed in [[Japan]] and [[California]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tsunamitravelatlantic&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1923
|Kantō, Japan
|1923 Great Kantō earthquake
|Earthquake
|The Great Kantō earthquake, which occurred in eastern Japan on 1 September 1923, and devastated [[Tokyo]], [[Yokohama]], and surrounding areas, triggered tsunamis that struck the Shōnan coast, the Bōsō Peninsula, the [[Tsibirin Izu|Izu Islands]] and the east coast of the Izu Peninsula, in a matter of minutes in some cases. In Atami, waves that reached {{Convert|12|m}} were recorded. Examples of tsunami damage include about 100 people killed along Kamakura's Yuigahama beach and about 50 people on the Enoshima causeway. However, tsunamis only accounted for a small proportion of the final death toll of more than 100,000, most of whom died in fires.
|-
|1927
|Southern California, United States
|1927 Lompoc earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 4 November 1927 a 7.3 earthquake struck Southern California causing a {{Convert|2|m|ft|0}} tsunami that caused some damage.
|-
|1929
|Venezuela
|1929 Cumaná earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 17 January 1929 a 6.9 earthquake hit the city of Cumaná in [[Venezuela]] causing major damage and a {{Convert|3|m|0}} tsunami that swept away homes and killed 40 people.
|-
|1929
|Newfoundland
|1929 Grand Banks earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 18 November 1929, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred below the Laurentian Slope on the Grand Banks. The earthquake was felt throughout Canada's Atlantic provinces and as far away as [[Ottawa]] and Claymont, Delaware. The resulting tsunami measured more than {{Convert|7|m}} high and took about   hours to reach the Burin Peninsula on the south coast of Newfoundland, where 28 people in various communities were killed. It also broke telegraph cables laid under the Atlantic Ocean.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fine&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fine |first=I.V. |last2=Rabinovich A.B. |last3=Bornhold B.D. |last4=Thomson R.E. |last5=Kulikov E.A. |year=2005 |title=The Grand Banks landslide-generated tsunami of November 18, 1929: preliminary analysis and numerical modeling |url=http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/oceans/tsunamis/documents/1929.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Marine Geology |volume=215 |issue=1–2 |pages=45–57 |bibcode=2005MGeol.215...45F |doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526105051/http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/oceans/tsunamis/documents/1929.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1930
|Gulf of Martaban, Burma (Myanmar)
|1930 Bago earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 5 May 1930, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake along the Sagaing Fault triggered a {{Convert|1.06|m|ft}} high tsunami that inundated the southern coast of Myanmar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/3052 |access-date=19 November 2020 |website=NOAA NCEI}}&lt;/ref&gt; It traveled up rivers, destroying harbors and anchored ships. The earthquake killed more than 500 people in Bago, [[Yangon|Rangoon]], and many other cities.
|-
|1932
|Mexico
|1932 Jalisco earthquakes
|Earthquake
|Three very large to large earthquakes off the coast of Jalisco in June 1932 each generated tsunamis. The last and smallest event in the series occurred upslope relative to the mainshock and generated the largest tsunami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okal |first=E. A. |last2=Borrero |first2=J. C. |year=2011 |title=The 'tsunami earthquake' of 1932 June 22 in Manzanillo, Mexico: seismological study and tsunami simulations |journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]] |volume=187 |issue=3 |pages=1443–59 |bibcode=2011GeoJI.187.1443O |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05199.x |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1933
|Sanriku, Japan
|1933 Sanriku earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 3 March 1933, the coast of Sanriku in northeastern [[Honshu]], Japan, which suffered a devastating tsunami in 1896 (see above), was struck again by tsunami waves resulting from a magnitude 8.1 offshore earthquake. The earthquake destroyed around 5,000 homes and killed 3,068 people, the vast majority as a result of the tsunami waves. The coastal town of Tarō (now part of Miyako city) in Iwate Prefecture was particularly hard hit, losing 42% of its total population and 98% of its buildings. Tarō is now protected by a tsunami wall, currently {{Convert|10|m|ft}} high and over {{Convert|2|km|mi}} long.
|-
|1934
|Tafjorden, Norway
|Tafjorden
|Rockslide
|On 7 April 1934, a rockslide of about {{Convert|2000000|m3|yd3}} of rock fell from Langhamaren Mountain from a height of about {{Convert|700|m}}.  The rock landed in Tafjorden creating a local tsunami that killed 40 people living on the fjord's shore. Waves reached a height of {{Convert|62|m|ft}} near the landslide, about {{Convert|7|m}} at Sylte, and about {{Convert|16|m}} at Tafjord.  It was one of the worst natural disasters in Norway in the 20th century.
|-
|1936
|Loenvatnet, Norway
|
|Rockfall
|On 13 September 1936, approximately {{Cvt|1,000,000|m3|cuyd}} of mountain broke off the Mount Ramnefjell at a height of {{Convert|800|m}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Lodal catastrophes&quot; /&gt; and fell into lake Loenvatnet in Sogn og Fjordane, creating a {{Convert|70|m|ft}} flood wave that destroyed several farms, killing 74 people. The second such incident in 31 years, the disaster caused the permanent depopulation of the area.
|-
|1936
|Lituya Bay, Alaska
|
|Unknown
|On 27 October 1936, a megatsunami occurred in Alaska's Lituya Bay with a maximum breakthrough height of {{Convert|490|ft|m|0}} in Crillon Inlet at the head of the bay. All four eyewitnesses to the wave in Lituya Bay survived and described it as being between {{Convert|100|and|250|ft|m}} high as it traveled across the bay. The maximum flood distance was {{Convert|2000|ft|m|0}} inland along the north shore of the bay. The cause of the megatsunami remains unclear, but it may have been an underwater landslide.[135]
|-
|1944
|Columbia Reservoir, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], United States
|
|Landslide
|A {{Convert|4000000|to|5,000,000|cuyd}} landslide along the shore of what later was renamed Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake about {{Convert|98|mi}} above Grand Coulee Dam on 8 April 1944 generated a tsunami which reached a maximum height of {{Convert|30|ft}} along the opposite shore {{Convert|5000|ft|0}} away.&lt;ref name=&quot;inlandtsunami&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt; |date=1 February 2009 |title=&quot;Inland Tsunami&quot; at Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area Wasn't the First of Its Kind |url=https://www.nationalparkstraveler.org/2009/02/inland-tsunami-lake-roosevelt-national-recreation-area-wasnt-first-its-kind |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=National Parks Traveler |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204221721/https://www.nationalparkstraveler.org/2009/02/inland-tsunami-lake-roosevelt-national-recreation-area-wasnt-first-its-kind |archive-date=4 December 2024 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1944
|Tōnankai, Japan
|1944 Tōnankai earthquake
|Earthquake
|An 8.0 magnitude earthquake on 7 December 1944, about {{Convert|20|km|1}} off Japan's Shima Peninsula, striking the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast of central Japan, primarily Mie, Aichi, and Shizuoka Prefectures. Authorities downplayed news of the event to protect wartime morale during [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|World War II]], and as a result the full extent of the damage is unknown, but the earthquake is estimated to have killed 1,223 people, with the tsunami being the main cause of deaths.
|-
|1945
|Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean
|1945 Balochistan earthquake
|Earthquake
|The earthquake with a moment magnitude of 8.1 and a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale, occurred in British India at 01:26 on 28 November 1945. It was the result of a fault near the Makran Trench. The resulting tsunami caused damage along the Makran coastal region affecting Pakistan, Iran, Oman and India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rajendran&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rajendran |first=C. P. |author-link=C. P. Rajendran |last2=Ramanamurthy |first2=M. V. |last3=Reddy |first3=N. T. |last4=Rajendran |first4=K. |author-link4=Kusala Rajendran |year=2008 |title=Hazard implications of the late arrival of the 1945 Makran tsunami |url=https://www.academia.edu/1762587 |url-status=live |journal=Current Science |volume=95 |pages=1739–1743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405184552/http://www.academia.edu/1762587/Hazard_implications_of_the_late_arrival_of_the_1945_Makran_tsunami |archive-date=5 April 2017 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IOTIC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1945 Makran Tsunami |url=http://iotic.ioc-unesco.org/1945makrantsunami/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113012836/http://iotic.ioc-unesco.org/1945makrantsunami/ |archive-date=13 January 2017 |access-date=28 November 2016 |publisher=[[Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1946
|Aleutian Islands
|1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|[[Fayil:Tsunami_large.jpg|thumb|Residents running from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii]]

On 1 April 1946, the Aleutian Islands tsunami killed 159 people in Hawaii and five in [[Alaska]] (the lighthouse keepers of the Scotch Cap Light in the Aleutian Islands). The wave reached Kauai, Hawaii,   hours after the quake, and Hilo, Hawaii, almost 5 hours later. Residents of these islands were completely caught off guard by the onset of the tsunami due to the inability to broadcast any warnings from the destroyed poles at the Scotch Cap Light on Unimak Island in Alaska. The tsunami is known as the Hawaii April Fools' Day Tsunami because it happened on 1 April and many people thought it was an April Fool's Day prank. The result was the creation of a tsunami warning system known as the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), established in 1949 for the countries of [[Osheniya|Oceania]].
|-
|1946
|Nankai, Japan
|1946 Nankai earthquake
|Earthquake
|The Nankai earthquake of 21 December 1946 had a magnitude of 8.4 and occurred at 04:19 (local time) to the southwestern Japan in the Nankai Trough. This event was one of the Nankai megathrust earthquakes, periodic earthquakes observed off the southern coast of the Kii Peninsula and [[Shikoku]], Japan, every 100 to 150 years. The subsequent tsunami leveled 1451 houses and caused 1500 deaths in Japan, and was observed on tide gauges in California, Hawaii, and Peru.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;/&gt; The coastal cities of Kushimoto and Kainan on the Kii Peninsula were particularly hard hit. The earthquake caused more than 1400 deaths, with the tsunami being the main cause.
|-
|1947
|Gisborne, New Zealand
|1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami
|Earthquake
|On 26 March 1947 a Mw 7.0-7.1 earthquake struck west of Gisborne, New Zealand, which caused a maximum run-up height of {{Convert|10|m|0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;GeoNet_26Mar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 Gisborne, Wed Mar 26 1947: Tsunami |url=https://www.geonet.org.nz/tsunami/story/1542993 |access-date=14 November 2020 |publisher=[[GeoNet (New Zealand)|GeoNet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Almost two months later, a Mw 6.9-7.1 earthquake occurred, which caused a maximum run-up height of {{Convert|6|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 Gisborne, Sat May 17 1947 |url=https://www.geonet.org.nz/tsunami/story/1543047 |access-date=27 October 2024 |publisher=[[GeoNet (New Zealand)|GeoNet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1949
|Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], United States
|
|Landslide
|A {{Convert|2000000|to|3,000,000|cuyd}} landslide near the mouth of Hawk Creek, about {{Convert|35|mi|0}} north of Grand Coulee Dam, entered the lake on 27&amp;nbsp;July 1949 and generated a {{Convert|65|ft}} tsunami that struck the town of Lincoln. The wave was noted by observers as far as {{Convert|20|mi|0}} away.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petley |first=Dave |date=25 January 2009 |title=Two interesting recent landslides |url=https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2009/01/25/two-interesting-recent-landslides/ |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=agu.org |publisher=AGU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brewster |first=Aj |date=23 September 2023 |title=Real 65+ Foot Tsunami Dangers Lie in the Center of Washington |url=https://97rockonline.com/tsunami-danger-central-washington/ |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=97Rock}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== 1950–2000 ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
|1952
|[[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]
|1952 Tokachi earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 4 March 1952 a magnitude 8.1 earthquake off the southeast coast of Hokkaido generated a tsunami that reached it greatest height of {{Convert|6.5|m}} in Akkeshi Bay. A {{Convert|2|m}} wave struck Hachinohe. The earthquake and tsunami combined killed 28 people, injured 287, and left five missing. Property damage included 815 houses completely destroyed, 1,324 half-damaged, and 6,395 partially damaged, with 20 lost to fire and 1,621 rendered uninhabitable. The tsunami swept away 91 houses, flooded 328 others, and damaged 451 ships and boats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Utsu |first=T. |year=2004 |title=Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World (Through 2010) |url=http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html |access-date=13 November 2011 |publisher=IISEE |archive-date=18 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918042738/http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2012 |title=Earthquake History for March 4th |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=3&amp;day=4&amp;submit=View+Date |access-date=23 June 2013 |website=Today in Earthquake History}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Hamanaka. where it destroyed numerous homes, the tsunami apparently pushed drift ice ashore, exacerbating the damage.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGDC_T&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event |url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3993&amp;t=101650&amp;s=18&amp;d=99,91,95,93&amp;nd=display |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220131849/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3993&amp;t=101650&amp;s=18&amp;d=99,91,95,93&amp;nd=display |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2013-06-23 |publisher=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1952
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], United States
|
|Landslide
|A {{Convert|15000000|cuyd}} landslide {{Convert|3|mi}} below the Kettle Falls Bridge in April 1952 generated a tsunami which reached a maximum height of {{Convert|65|ft|0}} along the opposite shore of the lake. The wave was observed on the lake as far as {{Convert|6|mi}} away.&lt;ref name=&quot;inlandtsunami&quot;/&gt;
|-
|1952
|Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, USSR
|1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 5 November 1952, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the coast of the [[Yankin Kamchatka|Kamchatka Peninsula]] triggered a tsunami. Three waves with heights of {{Convert|12|to|18|m|0}} killed 2,336 people at Severo-Kurilsk on the Kuril Islands in the [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]]. The tsunami also caused property damage in [[Hawaii]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SEofPetropavlovsk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=&lt;!--Undated--&gt; |title=M 9.0 – 89&amp;nbsp;km ESE of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official19521104165830_30/region-info |access-date=25 November 2024 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1952
|Sullorsuaq Strait, Greenland
|
|Landslide
|On 15 December 1952, a landslide that began at an elevation of {{Convert|500|to|700|m|0}} on a slope of the mountain [[Niiortuut]] on the southern coast of western [[Greenland]]′s Nuussuaq Peninsula deposited between {{Convert|1800000|and|4,500,000|m3|cuyd}} of material in Sullorsuaq Strait (known in Danish as Vaigat Strait), generating a tsunami. With a run-up height of {{Convert|4.5|to|7.7|m}}, it struck a group of four fishermen {{Convert|10|km}} away on the southern coast of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, killing one. Then it struck the town of Qullissat {{Convert|30|km}} away across the strait on Disko Island, where it had a run-up height of {{Convert|2.2|to|2.7|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Svennevig |first=Kristian |last2=Keiding |first2=Marie |last3=Korsgaard |first3=Niels Jákup |last4=Lucas |first4=Antoine |last5=Owen |first5=Matthew |last6=Poulsen |first6=Majken Djurhuus |last7=Priebe |first7=Janina |last8=Sørensen |first8=Erik Vest |last9=Morino |first9=Costanza |date=February 2023 |title=Uncovering a 70-year-old permafrost degradation induced disaster in the Arctic, the 1952 Niiortuut landslide-tsunami in central West Greenland |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=859 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=160110 |bibcode=2023ScTEn.85960110S |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160110 |pmid=36370780 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1953
|Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], United States
|
|Landslides
|A series of landslides about {{Convert|100|mi|0}} upstream from Grand Coulee Dam in February 1953 generated a series of tsunamis with a maximum run-up height of {{Convert|16|ft|1}} along the opposite shore of the lake. Waves crossed the {{Convert|5000|ft}} wide lake in an average of 90 seconds,&lt;ref name=&quot;inlandtsunami&quot; /&gt; indicating an average speed of almost {{Convert|38|mph}}.
|-
|1953
|Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], United States
|
|Landslides
|A series of landslides at Reed Terrace between April and August 1953 generated tsunamis at least 11 times. The largest of them reached a maximum height of {{Convert|65|ft|0}} along the opposite shore of the lake and was observed as far as {{Convert|6|mi}} away. One of the waves reached a speed of {{Convert|45|mph}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;inlandtsunami&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1956
|Amorgos, Greece
|1956 Amorgos earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 9 July 1956, 53 deaths occurred during the largest earthquake of the 20th century in Greece. Santorini was damaged, and a localized tsunami affected the Cyclades and Dodecanese island groups. A maximum run-up of {{Convert|30|m}} was observed off the south coast of Amorgos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Okal |first=E. A. |last2=Synolakis |first2=C. E. |last3=Uslu |first3=B. |last4=Kalligeris |first4=N. |last5=Voukouvalas |first5=E. |year=2009 |title=The 1956 earthquake and tsunami in Amorgos, Greece |url=http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/emile/PDF/EAO202.pdf |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=178 |issue=3 |pages=1533–54 |bibcode=2009GeoJI.178.1533O |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04237.x |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1957
|Andreanof Islands, United States
|1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 9 March 1957 an 8.6 earthquake struck the Andreanof Islands, triggering a tsunami. The wave was highest on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands, where it was as high as {{Convert|23|m}},&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsunami1957&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2017 |title=Tsunami Historical Series: Aleutian Islands – 1957 Dataset {{!}} Science on a Sphere |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/tsunami-historical-series-aleutian-islands-1957/ |access-date=24 January 2020 |website=sos.noaa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; and where a run-up height of {{Convert|12|to|15|m|0}} was observed at Scotch Cap Light,{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}} Trappers Cove recorded a wave height of {{Convert|13.7|m}},{{Sfn|Lander|1996}} and an {{Convert|8|m|0}} wave hit Sand Bay.{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}} In [[Hawaii]], the wave was {{Convert|16.1|m}} tall at Haena, Kauai,{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}} {{Convert|7|m}} along the north coast of Oahu,{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}} {{Convert|1.8|m}} at Kahului, Maui, {{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}} and up to {{Convert|9.8|m}} along the coast of the island of Hawaii,{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}} including {{Convert|3.9|m}} at Hilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;UWTsunami&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1957 Aleutian Tsunami |url=https://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/tsunami/general/historic/aleutian57.html |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=Earthweb |publisher=University of Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt; The highest wave to strike [[Chile]] was {{Convert|6.7|ft}} at [[Valparaiso|Valparaíso]].{{Sfn|Salsman|1959}} Smaller waves were observed on the coasts of mainland [[Alaska]], [[California]], [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], Central America, [[Peru]], American Samoa, the [[Tsibiran Mashal|Marshall Islands]], Chuuk, and [[Guam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2017 |title=Tsunami Historical Series: Aleutian Islands – 1957 Dataset {{!}} Science on a Sphere |url=https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/tsunami-historical-series-aleutian-islands-1957/ |access-date=24 January 2020 |website=sos.noaa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}}{{Sfn|Lander|1996}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1957 Aleutian Tsunami |url=https://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/tsunami/general/historic/aleutian57.html |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=Earthweb |publisher=University of Washington}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1958
|Lituya Bay, Alaska, U.S.
|1958 Lituya Bay, Alaska earthquake and megatsunami
|Earthquake-triggered landslide
|On the night of 9 July 1958, an earthquake on the Fairweather Fault in Alaska loosened about 40 million cubic yards (30 million cubic metres) of rock {{Convert|3000|ft}} above the northeast shore of Lituya Bay. The impact in the waters of Gilbert Inlet generated a local tsunami that crashed against the southwest coast and swept the spur separating Gilbert Inlet from the main Lituya Bay. The wave continued through Lituya Bay, over La Chaussee Spit and into the Gulf of Alaska. The force of the wave removed all trees and vegetation from a height of {{Convert|1720|feet}} above sea level. This is the highest wave ever recorded. The scale of this wave was much larger than ordinary tsunamis, eventually leading to the new category of ''megatsunamis''.
|-
|1958
|Kuril Islands, [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]]
|1958 Kuril Islands earthquake
|Earthquake-triggered landslide
|A magnitude 8.3 to 8.4 earthquake in the [[Pacific Ocean]] off Iturup in the Kuril Islands on 6&amp;nbsp;November 1958 generated a tsunami with a height of up to {{Convert|5|m|0}} at Shikotan, {{Convert|2|to|4|m|ft|0}} at Iturup, and up to {{Convert|2|m|ft|1}} in northern [[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]. The wave also was noted at Wake Island, Midway Atoll, [[Hawaii]], Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands, [[Alaska]], the [[Tsibiran Mashal|Marshall Islands]], American Samoa, [[California]], and [[Peru]]. An aftershock on 12&amp;nbsp;November produced a {{Convert|1|m}} tsunami at Iturup, with wave action also noted at Hachinohe, Japan, and on Adak Island in the Aleutians.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Catalog of Tsunamis in Japan and Its Neighboring Countries |url=https://tsunami-dl.jp/document/111 |access-date=30 July 2023 |website=Tsunami Digital Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Lander|Lockridge|1989}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2024)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|1960
|Valdivia, Chile, and Pacific Ocean
|1960 Valdivia earthquake or Great Chilean earthquake
|Earthquake
|The magnitude 9.5 earthquake of 22 May 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded, generated one of the most destructive tsunamis of the 20th century. The tsunami spread across the Pacific Ocean, with waves measuring up to {{Convert|25|m}} high in places. The first tsunami wave hit Hilo, Hawaii, approximately 15 hours after its origin. The highest wave at Hilo Bay was measured at around {{Cvt|10.7|m}}. 61 people died, allegedly due to people not heeding the warning sirens. Nearly 22 hours after the earthquake, waves up to {{Convert|3|m|0}} above high tide hit the coast of Sanriku in Japan, killing 142 people. Up to 6,000 people died in total worldwide from the earthquake and tsunami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emergency &amp; Disasters Data Base |url=http://www.em-dat.net |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811021537/http://www.em-dat.net/ |archive-date=11 August 2008 |access-date=30 May 2006 |publisher=CRED}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1963
|Vajont Dam, Monte Toc, Italy
|Vajont Dam
|Landslide
|[[Fayil:La_diga_del_Vajont_vista_da_Longarone_18-8-2005.jpg|thumb|The Vajont Dam as seen from Longarone on 25 September 2012, showing the top {{Convert|60|to|70|m|0}}. The 200–250-metre (656–820-foot) megatsunami would have obscured virtually all of the sky in this picture.]]

The Vajont Dam was completed in 1961 under Monte Toc, {{Cvt|100|km}} north of [[Venezia|Venice]], Italy. At {{Convert|262|m}}, it was one of the tallest dams in the world. On 9 October 1963 a landslide of some {{Convert|260000000|m3|cuyd}} of forest, dirt, and rock fell into the reservoir at speeds of up to {{Cvt|110|km/h}}. The resulting water displacement caused {{Convert|50000000|m3|cuyd}} of water to overflow the dam in a megatsunami wave {{Convert|250|m}} high. The resulting flood destroyed the villages of Longarone, [[Pirago]], Rivalta, Villanova, and [[Faè]], killing 1,450 people. Almost 2,000 people perished in total.
|-
|1963
|Urup, {{Nowrap|[[Kuril Islands]]}}
|
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 8.5 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off Urup on 13&amp;nbsp;October 1963 generated a tsunami in the Pacific Ocean and Sea of Okhotsk with run-up heights of as much as {{Convert|4|to|5|m|ft|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;SEofPetropavlovsk&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1964
|Alaska, U.S. and Pacific Ocean
|1964 Alaska earthquake
|Earthquake
|After the magnitude 9.2 Good Friday earthquake of 27 March 1964, tsunamis hit [[Alaska]], [[British Columbia]], [[California]], and coastal cities in the Pacific Northwest, killing 121 people. Waves reached {{Convert|100|ft|m}} high and killed 11 people as far away as Crescent City, California.
|-
|1964
|Niigata, Japan
|1964 Niigata earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 16 June 1964, 28 people died, and entire apartment buildings were destroyed by soil liquefaction. The subsequent tsunami destroyed the port of Niigata.
|-
|1965
|Shemya Island, Alaska
|1965 Rat Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|The Rat Islands earthquake of 3 February 1965, generated a {{Convert|10.7|m}} tsunami on Shemya Island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Historic Earthquakes: Rat Islands, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1965_02_04.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007063037/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1965_02_04.php |archive-date=7 October 2015 |access-date=31 October 2015 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1968
|Aomori and Hokkaido, Japan
|1968 Tokachi earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 16 May 1968, an 8.3 earthquake occurred off Aomori and Hokkaido Prefecture. A tsunami as high as 6&amp;nbsp;m (20&amp;nbsp;ft) hit the shores.
|-
|1969
|Portugal, Morocco
|1969 Portugal earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 28 February 1969, a large underwater earthquake off the coast of Portugal generated a tsunami that affected both Portugal and Morocco.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Guesmia |first=M. |last2=Heinrich |first2=Ph. |last3=Mariotti |first3=C. |year=1998 |title=Numerical Simulation of the 1969 Portuguese Tsunami by a Finite Element Method |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_natural-hazards_1998-01_17_1/page/31 |journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=31–46 |doi=10.1023/A:1007920617540 |s2cid=129669492}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1975
|Hawaii, United States
|1975 Hawaii earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 29 November 1975 a 7.4 earthquake affected Hawaii, triggering a {{Convert|14|m|0}} tsunami and a small brief eruption of the Kilauea volcano.
|-
|1976
|Moro Gulf, Mindanao, Philippines
|1976 Moro Gulf earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 17 August 1976 at 00:11, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck the island of Mindanao, Philippines. The resulting tsunami devastated more than {{Cvt|700|km}} of coastline bordering the Gulf of Moro in the North Celebes Sea. Estimated casualties included 5,000 dead, 2,200 missing, 9,500 injured, and 93,500 homeless. Affected cities include Cotabato, Pagadian, and Zamboanga, and the provinces of Basilan, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, and Zamboanga del Sur.
|-
|1979
|Tumaco, Colombia
|1979 Tumaco earthquake
|Earthquake
|An 8.1 magnitude earthquake occurred on 12 December 1979 at 02:59 along the Pacific coast of [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]]. The earthquake and resulting tsunami destroyed at least six fishing villages and killed hundreds of people in the Colombian Department of Nariño. The earthquake was felt in [[Bogotá]], Cali, Popayán, Buenaventura, Guayaquil, Esmeraldas, and [[Quito]]. The tsunami caused great destruction in the city of Tumaco, as well as in the towns of El Charco, San Juan, Mosquera, and Salahonda on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Casualties included 259 dead, 798 injured and 95 missing or presumed dead.
|-
|1980
|Spirit Lake, Washington, U.S.
|Spirit Lake (Washington), 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Mount St. Helens
|Volcanic eruption
|On 18 May 1980, in the course of a major eruption of Mount St. Helens, the upper {{Convert|460|m}} of the mountain failed, causing a major landslide. One lobe of the landslide rose into nearby Spirit Lake, creating a megatsunami {{Convert|260|m}} high.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Voight |first=B. |last2=Janda |first2=R. J. |last3=Glicken |first3=H&gt; |last4=Douglass |first4=P. M. |date=25 May 2015 |title=Nature and mechanics of the Mount St Helens rockslide-avalanche of 18 May 1980 |journal=Géotechnique |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=243–273 |doi=10.1680/geot.1983.33.3.243}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1983
|Sea of Japan
|1983 Sea of Japan earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 26 May 1983 at 11:59 local time, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurred in the Sea of Japan, about {{Cvt|100|km}} west of the Noshiro coast in Akita Prefecture. Of the 107 fatalities, all but four were killed by the resulting tsunami, which hit communities along the coast, especially Aomori and Akita Prefectures and the Noto Peninsula. Footage of the tsunami hitting the fishing port of Wajima on Noto Peninsula was broadcast on TV. The waves exceeded {{Convert|10|m}} in some areas. Three of the deaths occurred along the east coast of South Korea (whether North Korea was affected is not known). The tsunami also hit Okushiri Island.
|-
|1992
|Nicaragua
|1992 Nicaragua earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 1 September 1992 a 7.2 earthquake struck off the coast of Nicaragua and sent a devastating tsunami to the coast of the department of Rivas, killing an estimated 116 people. The magnitude of the wave, {{Cvt|9.9|m}} high, was unusually large given the magnitude of the earthquake.
|-
|1992
|Indonesia
|1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck [[Fure-fure|Flores]], Indonesia, on 12 December 1992. The earthquake produced a devastating {{Convert|25|m}} high tsunami that hit the island and ran inland up to {{Convert|300|m}} shortly after the earthquake. About 2,500 people were killed or missing, including 1,490 at Maumere and 700 in Babi. More than 500 people were injured and 90,000 left homeless. Damage was assessed at more than 100 million US dollars.
|-
|1993
|Okushiri, Hokkaido, Japan
|1993 Hokkaido earthquake
|Earthquake
|A devastating tsunami wave hit [[Hokkaido]] in Japan as a result of a magnitude 7.8 offshore {{Convert|80|mi|km}} on 12 July 1993. Within minutes, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a tsunami warning that was broadcast on NHK in English and Japanese (archived at [https://web.archive.org/web/20071214051020/http://library.skr.jp/19930712_nanseioki.htm NHK library]). However, on Okushiri, a small island near the epicenter, some waves reaching {{Convert|30|m}} hit two to five minutes after the earthquake. Despite being surrounded by tsunami barriers, Aonae, a town on a low-lying peninsula, was hit over the next hour by 13 waves over {{Convert|2|m}} high that came from multiple directions, including waves that bounced off Hokkaido. Of the 250 people killed as a result of the earthquake, 197 were victims of the tsunami that hit Okushiri; the waves also caused deaths in Hokkaido. While many residents, recalling the May 1983 tsunami (see above), survived by evacuating on foot, many others underestimated how soon the waves would arrive (the 1983 tsunami took 17 minutes to hit Okushiri) and died trying to evacuate by car. The highest tsunami wave was {{Convert|31|m}} high.
|-
|1994
|Java
|1994 Java earthquake
|Earthquake
|250 dead as a magnitude 7.8 earthquake and tsunami hit east Java and Bali on 3 June 1994.
|-
|1994
|Shikotan, {{Nowrap|[[Kuril Islands]]}}
|
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 8.3 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off Shikotan on 4&amp;nbsp;October 1994 generated a tsunami with a run-up height of as much as {{Convert|10|m|ft|0}} on Shikotan.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEofPetropavlovsk&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1998
|Papua New Guinea
|1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 17 July 1998, a tsunami in [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]] killed an estimated 2,200 people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunamis and Earthquakes – 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami Descriptive Model – USGS WCMG |url=http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/PNG.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817230204/http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/PNG.html |archive-date=17 August 2007 |access-date=11 March 2011 |publisher=Walrus.wr.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; An earthquake of magnitude 7.1, {{Cvt|24|km}} from the coast was followed in 11 minutes by a tsunami about {{Convert|15|m}} high. The tsunami was generated by an underwater landslide, which was triggered by the earthquake. The towns of Arop and Warapu were destroyed.
|-
|1999
|Sea of Marmara
|1999 İzmit earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 17 August 1999 an earthquake caused a tsunami in the Sea of Marmara, with a maximum water height of 2.52 m. 150 people died when the city of Degirmendere was flooded and another five were washed into the sea in Ulaşlı.
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Shekara
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Wurin da yake
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Babban labarin
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Dalili na farko
!Bayyanawa
|-
|2000
|Paatuut, [[Greenland]]
|
|Rushewar ƙasa
|A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2000, wani 90,000,000--metre (120,000  yd) da aka rushe tare da taro na 260,000,000 ton ya fadi daga tsawo na 1,000 zuwa 1,400 mita (3,300 zuwa 4,600  a Paatuut a kan Nuussuaq Peninsula a yammacin gabar [[Greenland]], ya kai gudu 140 kilomita a kowace awa (87 . Kimanin cubic mita 30,000,000 (39,000,000 cu yd) na kayan da ke da nauyin tan 87,000,000 sun shiga Sullorsuaq Strait (wanda aka sani a cikin Danish kamar Vaigat Strait), suna haifar da megatsunami. Raƙuman ruwa suna da tsawo na mita 50 (160  kusa da rushewar ƙasa da mita 28 (92  a Qullissat, shafin da aka watsar a fadin ƙuƙwalwar Tsibirin Disko, kilomita 20 (11 nmi; ) daga nesa, inda ya mamaye bakin tekun har zuwa mita 100 (300  a cikin ƙasa. Rashin makamashi daga tsunami ya haifar da guguwa tare da tsayin mita 3 (10 ft) wanda ya lalata jiragen ruwa a ƙauyen da ke kusa da shi, Saqqaq, a kudu maso yammacin gabar tekun Nuussuaq kilomita 40 (25  daga rushewar ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dahl-Jensen |first=Trine |last2=Larsen |first2=Lotte Melchior |last3=Pedersen |first3=Stig A. Schack |last4=Pedersen |first4=Jerrik |last5=Jepsen |first5=Hans F. |last6=Pedersen |first6=Gunver |last7=Nielsen |first7=Tove |last8=Pedersen |first8=Asger Ken |last9=Von Platen-Hallermund |first9=Frants |last10=Weng |first10=Willy |date=January 2004 |title=Landslide and Tsunami 21 November 2000 in Paatuut, West Greenland |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=277–287 |bibcode=2004NatHa..31..277D |doi=10.1023/b:nhaz.0000020264.70048.95}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2002
|Tekun Tyrrhenian
|Tsunami na Stromboli na 2002
|Rushewar ƙasa
|A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2002, tsibirin Stromboli ya shiga sabon mataki na aikin fashewa wanda da farko ya kasance da iskar gas da ash daga craters na taron. A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, cibiyar sadarwa ta girgizar kasa ta yi rikodin manyan rushewa biyu na babban ɓangare na Sciara del Fuoco, wanda ya haifar da tsunami.
|-
|2002
|Yankin Tsuntsu, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]
|Girgizar kasa ta Yammacin Papua ta 2002
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Girgizar ƙasa mai girman 7.6 a gabashin gabar tekun {{Cvt|1|m|ft}} ta haifar da tsunami wanda ya buge garuruwan Ransiki da Oranbaru a tsawo na 3-5 m (10-16 , tare da hauhawar 1  ft) wanda ya lalata gidaje da yawa a Manokwari da sauran yankunan da ke kewaye da Doreri Bay.
|-
|2003
|[[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]
|Girgizar ƙasa ta 2003 a Tokachi
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Girgizar ƙasa mai girman 8.3 a cikin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] a kudu maso gabashin [[Hokkaido]] a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2003 ya haifar da tsunami wanda ya buge Hokkaido da tsawo har zuwa mita 4 (13 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=List of 2003 tsunamis |url=http://ioc3.unesco.org/itic/categories.php?category_no=89 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213185013/http://ioc3.unesco.org/itic/categories.php?category_no=89 |archive-date=2012-02-13 |access-date=12 July 2008 |publisher=International Tsunami Information Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
|2004
|Tekun Indiya
|Girgizar kasa da tsunami ta Tekun Indiya ta 2004
|Girgizar ƙasa
|[[Fayil:2004_Indonesia_Tsunami_Complete.gif|thumb|120x120px|Hoton da ke nuna radiation na tsunami daga tsagewar kilomita {{Convert|1600|km|mi}} (1,000  ]]Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Indiya ta 2004 (matsayi mai girma 9.1-9.3)  ta haifar da jerin tsunami a ranar 26 ga Disamba 2004 wanda ya lalata bakin tekun da ke kewaye da Tekun Indiya, ya kashe kimanin mutane 227,898 (167,540 a Indonesia kadai), ya sa ya zama tsunami mafi muni kuma daya daga cikin bala'o'in halitta mafi muni a Tarihin da aka rubuta.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOAA&quot;/&gt; Girgizar kasa ita ce girgizar ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma a tarihin da aka rubuta. An auna hauhawar farko a tsawo na kimanin mita 33 (108 , yana mai da shi daya daga cikin mafi girman tsunami da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar a tarihin da aka rubuta. Tsunami ta kashe mutane daga kusa da girgizar kasa a Indonesia, Thailand, da arewa maso yammacin Malaysia, zuwa dubban mil a Bangladesh, Indiya, Sri Lanka, Maldives, da kuma nesa kamar Somalia, Kenya, da Tanzania. Wannan tsunami da ta haye Tekun Indiya misali ne na teletsunami, wanda ke tafiya mai nisa a fadin teku, da kuma tsunami a fadin teku. Ya zama sananne da &quot;Boxing Day Tsunami&quot; saboda ya faru a ranar Boxing (26 Disamba).

Ba kamar Tekun Pacific ba, babu wani sabis na gargadi da aka tsara wanda ke rufe [[Tekun Indiya]]. Wannan ya faru ne saboda wani bangare na rashin manyan tsunamis tun watan Agustan 1883 (farkawar Krakatoa, duba sama). Dangane da tsunami na Tekun Indiya na 2004, [[UNESCO]] da sauran hukumomin duniya sun yi kira ga Tsarin sa ido na tsunami na duniya.
|-
|2006
|Kudancin tsibirin Java
|2006 Girgizar ƙasa da tsunami na Pangandaran
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Girgizar ƙasa mai girmansa 7.7 ta girgiza zurfin Tekun Indiya a ranar 17 ga Yulin {{Cvt|200|km}}, kilomita 200 (120  kudu da Pangandaran, rairayin bakin teku da aka sani tsakanin masu hawan igiyar ruwa saboda cikakkiyar raƙuman ruwa. Wannan girgizar kasa ta haifar da tsunamis tare da tsawo daga mita 2 (7  a Cilacap zuwa mita 6 (20  a rairayin bakin teku na Cimerak, inda ya shimfiɗa kuma ya daidaita gine-gine har zuwa mita 400 (1,300  daga bakin teku. Fiye da mutane 800 sun bace ko sun mutu.
|-
|2006
|Tsibirin Kuril
|Girgizar kasa ta tsibirin Kuril ta 2006
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2006, girgizar kasa mai girman 8.3 ta faru a bakin tekun USD da Tsibirin Kuril. An samar da tsunami mai girma, tare da raƙuman ruwa da suka kai {{Cvt|21.9|m|ft}}  . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: KURIL ISLANDS |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/3016 |publisher=NGDC}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma lura da wannan tsunami a Japan da kuma wurare masu nisa a duk faɗin Pacific. A Crescent City, California, babban tsunami mai tsayi {{Cvt|1.76|m|ft}}   ya haifar da kimanin dala miliyan 10 a cikin lalacewa.
|-
|2007
|Tsibirin Solomon
|Girgizar kasa ta tsibirin Solomon ta 2007
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2007, girgizar kasa mai girman 8.1 ta auku kusan kilomita {{Convert|40|km|mi}} (25  kudu da tsibirin Ghizo a yammacin Solomon Islands a 07:39, wanda ya haifar da tsunami har zuwa mita 12 (39  tsawo. Ruwa, wanda ya kai gabar [[Tsibiran Solomon|Tsibirin Solomon]] (musamman Choiseul, tsibirin Ghizo, Ranongga, da Simbo), ya haifar da agogon tsunami da gargadi da suka bazu daga Japan zuwa New Zealand, Hawaii da gabashin Australia. Tsunami ta kashe mutane 52 kuma da yawa sun ji rauni yayin da raƙuman ruwa suka mamaye birane. An ayyana dokar ta baci ta kasa ga Tsibirin Solomon. A tsibirin Choiseul, an ruwaito wani bangon ruwa mai tsawon mita 9.1 (30  ya mamaye kusan mita 400 (1,300  a cikin ƙasa. Babban raƙuman ruwa sun kai ga arewacin tsibirin Simbo, inda ƙauyuka biyu, Tapurai da Riquru, suka lalace gaba ɗaya ta hanyar raƙuman mita 12 (39 , inda suka kashe mutane 10. Hukumomi sun kiyasta cewa tsunami ta kori mazauna sama da 5,000 a duk faɗin tsibirin.
|-
|2007
|Chile
|Girgizar kasa ta Aysén Fjord ta 2007
|Girgizar ƙasa da rushewar ƙasa
|A ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2007, girgizar ƙasa mai girman 6.2 ta faru a cikin Aysén Fjord . A cikin duwatsu da ke kewaye da fjord, girgizar ƙasa ta haifar da [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|rushewar ƙasa]] wanda hakan ya haifar da raƙuman ruwa har zuwa {{Cvt|50|m|ft}}  , wanda ya lalata wasu wuraren Kiwon kifi na salmon. Tsarin ruwan sha na biranen Puerto Chacabuco da Puerto Aisén ya lalace, ya tilasta masu kashe gobara da sojoji su samar da ruwa. An kuma yanke hanyar wutar lantarki ta Puerto Chacabuco. An bayar da rahoton mutane goma sun mutu ko sun bace.
|-
|2007
|British Columbia
|
|Rushewar ƙasa
|A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, wani rushewa ya shiga Tafkin Chehalis a British Columbia, ya haifar da babban tsunami a cikin tafkin wanda ya lalata sansanoni da ciyayi da yawa mita sama da bakin teku. Raƙuman ruwa suna da tsawo na {{Cvt|37.8|m|}}   a gefen tafkin, {{Cvt|0.8|km|1}}   daga slide, kuma yana da {{Cvt|6.3|m|}}   tsawo a wurin fita na tafkin, {{Cvt|7.5|km}}   daga kudu. Ruwa ya ci gaba da gangara a Kogin Chehalis na kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|15|km}} (9.3 . 
|-
|2009
|Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka
|
|Rushewar ƙasa
|Wani bangare na bakin teku game da hekta 7 (17 acres) a yankin da ke kusa da bakin Kogin Spokane ya rushe cikin tafkin a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 2009, ya haifar da tsunami wanda ya kai matsakaicin tsawo na mita 9.1 (30  tare da gefen bakin teku 900 (3,000  nesa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;inlandtsunami&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kelsey |first=Adam |date=27 January 2009 |title=Landslide Causes Destructive 30-Foot Wave |url=https://npshistory.com/morningreport/incidents/laro.htm |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=Lake Roosevelt: Incidents |publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka
|
|Rushewar ƙasa
|Wani bangare na tudun ya rushe cikin tafkin a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, 2009, wanda ya haifar da tsunami tare da tsawo na farko na mita 6.1 (20  wanda ya kai ga gefen da ke ƙasa da mita 900 (3,000  tare da tsawon mita 3.7 (12 . Ya bugi sansanin a can kuma ya wanke mutane da yawa cikin tafkin, amma duk sun tsira.&lt;ref name=&quot;inlandtsunami&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bird |first=Debbie |date=31 August 2009 |title=Slide-Caused Tsunami Damages Park Facilities |url=https://npshistory.com/morningreport/incidents/laro.htm |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=Lake Roosevelt: Incidents |publisher=National Park Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|Samoa
|Girgizar ƙasa da tsunami ta Samoa ta 2009
|Girgizar ƙasa
|Wani girgizar kasa ta karkashin ruwa ta faru a yankin Tsibirin Samoa a 06:48 lokacin gida a ranar 29 ga Satumba 2009. Wannan girgizar ƙasa mai girman 8.1 a cikin tsawo na waje na yankin Kermadec-Tonga ita ce girgizar kasa mafi girma a shekara ta 2009. Tsunami da ya biyo baya ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa da asarar rayuka a Samoa, Samoa ta Amurka, da Tonga. Cibiyar Gargadi ta Tsunami ta Pacific ta yi rikodin hauhawar 76 mm (3.0 in) a matakin teku kusa da cibiyar, kuma masana kimiyya na New Zealand sun lura da raƙuman ruwa har zuwa 14 m (46 ft) daga bakin tekun Samoa. Fiye da mutane 189, musamman yara, an kashe su, mafi yawansu a Samoa. An bayar da rahoton manyan raƙuman ruwa ba tare da mummunar lalacewa ba a Fiji, arewacin New Zealand da Rarotonga a Tsibirin Cook. Mutanen da ke cikin tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci na Tokelau sun koma ƙasa mafi girma a matsayin matakan kariya.
Tsunami da ya biyo baya ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa da asarar rayuka a Samoa, Samoa ta Amurka, da Tonga. Cibiyar Gargadi ta Tsunami ta Pacific ta yi rikodin hauhawar {{Convert|76|mm|in|}}  in) a matakin teku kusa da cibiyar, kuma masana kimiyya na New Zealand sun lura da raƙuman ruwa har zuwa {{Convert|14|m|ft|}}   daga bakin tekun Samoa. Fiye da mutane 189, musamman yara, an kashe su, mafi yawansu a Samoa. An bayar da rahoton manyan raƙuman ruwa ba tare da mummunar lalacewa ba a Fiji, arewacin New Zealand da Rarotonga a Tsibirin Cook. Mutanen da  tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci na Tokelau sun koma ƙasa mafi girma a matsayin matakan kariya.
|-
|2010
|Chile
|Girgizar ƙasa ta 2010 a Chile
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2010, girgizar kasa ta 8.8 a bakin tekun Chile ta haifar da tsunami wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa da asarar rayuka, wanda ya haifar le ƙananan sakamako a wasu ƙasashen Pacific.
|-
|2010
|Sumatra
|Girgizar ƙasa da tsunami ta Mentawai ta 2010
|Girgizar ƙasa
|A ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2010, girgizar kasa ta 7.7 ta auku a kusa da tsibirin South Pagai a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], ta haifar da tsunami wanda ya kashe akalla mutane 408.
|-
|}

== 2011–2020 ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
|2011
|New Zealand
|2011 Christchurch earthquake
|Earthquake-triggered ice fall
|On 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. About {{Convert|200|km|mi}} from the epicenter of the earthquake, around 30 million tons of ice fell from the Tasman Glacier into Tasman Lake, producing a series of {{Convert|3.5|m}} high tsunami waves, which hit tourist boats on the lake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 February 2011 |title=Ice breaks off glacier after Christchurch quake |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/22/3146052.htm?section=world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226193457/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/22/3146052.htm?section=world |archive-date=26 February 2011 |access-date=11 March 2011 |publisher=ABC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2011
|Pacific coast of Japan
|2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
|Earthquake
|[[Fayil:20110311Houshu.ogv|thumb|[[Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwa na ƙasa|NOAA]] animation of the tsunami's propagation]]

On 11 March 2011, off the Pacific coast of Japan, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake produced a {{Convert|10|m|ft}} high tsunami along the northeast coast of Japan. The wave caused widespread devastation, with an official count of 18,550 people confirmed dead or missing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2013 |title=Damage Situation and Police Countermeasures associated with 2011 Tohoku district – off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake |url=http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo_e.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613070838/http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo_e.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2013 |access-date=28 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The highest recorded tsunami in Miyako, Iwate, reached a total height of {{Convert|40.5|m|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 March 2011 |title=Researchers: 30-meter tsunami in Ofunato |url=http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_03.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110331004955/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_03.html |archive-date=31 March 2011 |access-date=29 March 2011 |website=NHK World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, the tsunami precipitated multiple hydrogen and hydrogen/oxygen explosions at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant. Tsunami warnings were issued for the entire Pacific Rim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Japan Earthquake: before and after |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/events/japan-quake-2011/beforeafter.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313114752/http://www.abc.net.au/news/events/japan-quake-2011/beforeafter.htm |archive-date=13 March 2011 |access-date=13 March 2011 |publisher=ABC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Philippines
|2012 Negros earthquake
|Earthquake
|The 6.7 earthquake on February 6, 2012, earthquake in the Tañon Strait generated a tsunami up to {{Convert|5|m|ft}} high on the coast of Negros which swept away houses and cars in several small villages.
|-
|2012
|El Salvador and Nicaragua
|2012 El Salvador earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 26 August 2012, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake triggered local tsunami waves of up to {{Convert|6|m|ft}} along a small stretch of the coast of El Salvador, injuring at least 40 people. Smaller waves were recorded in Nicaragua and the Galápagos Islands.
|-
|2013
|Solomon Islands
|2013 Solomon Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 6 February 2013, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Moment Magnitude scale struck the island nation of the Solomon Islands. This earthquake created tsunami waves up to around {{Convert|1|m|ft|0}} high. The tsunami also affected other islands such as New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
|-
|2014
|[[Ayislan|Iceland]]
|Askja
|Landslide
|At 23:24 on 21 July 2014, in a period experiencing an earthquake swarm related to the upcoming eruption of Bárðarbunga, an {{Convert|800|m}} wide section gave way on the slopes of the Icelandic volcano Askja. Starting at {{Convert|350|m|ft}} above water height, it caused a tsunami {{Convert|20 to 30|m|ft}} high through the caldera and potentially larger at localized impact points. Thanks to the late hour, there were no tourists present; however, search and rescue personnel noted a cloud of steam rising from the volcano, apparently geothermal steam released by the landslide. It is not known if geothermal activity played a role in the landslide. The landslide involved a total of {{Convert|30|to|50|e6m3|e6cuyd}} of material, which raised the water level in the caldera by {{Convert|1 to 2|m|ft|0}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jón Kristinn Helgason |last2=Sveinn Brynjólfsson |last3=Tómas Jóhannesson |last4=Kristín S. Vogfjörð |last5=Harpa Grímsdóttir |last6=Ásta Rut Hjartardóttir |last7=Þorsteinn Sæmundsson |last8=Ármann Höskuldsson |last9=Freysteinn Sigmundsson |date=5 August 2014 |title=Frumniðurstöður rannsókna á berghlaupi í Öskju 21. júlí 2014 |url=http://www.vedur.is/ofanflod/frodleikur/greinar/nr/2927 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715094328/http://www.vedur.is/ofanflod/frodleikur/greinar/nr/2927 |archive-date=15 July 2017 |access-date=9 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|Chile
|2015 Chile earthquake
|Earthquake
|On Wednesday 16 September 2015, a large earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Moment Magnitude scale struck the west coast of Chile, causing a tsunami up to {{Convert|44.6|ft|m}} high along the Chilean coast.
|-
|2015
|Taan Fiord, Alaska, U.S.
|Icy Bay (Alaska)
|Landslide
|On Saturday 17 October 2015, a large landslide occurred at the head of Taan Fiord, a finger of Icy Bay. It triggered a mega-tsunami with an initial height of {{Convert|100|m|ft}} and a breakthrough on the opposite shore of the fjord of {{Convert|193|m|ft}}. As the wave traveled up Taan Fiord towards Icy Bay, surges along the fjord's shoreline ranged from {{Convert|20|m|ft}} to more than {{Convert|100|m|ft}}.
|-
|2016
|New Zealand
|2016 Kaikōura earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 14 November 2016, a major earthquake struck the South Island of New Zealand with a magnitude of 7.5 to 7.8. A {{Convert|2.5|m|ft}} tsunami hit Kaikōura and other small waves of less than {{Convert|1|m|ft|0}} hit several New Zealand coasts.
|-
|2017
|Greenland
|
|Landslide
|On 17 June 2017, a {{Convert|300|x|1100|m|ft}} landslide fell approximately {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} into Karrat Fjord in the Uummannaq area of western [[Greenland]]. The resulting tsunami hit the Nuugaatsiaq settlement, killing four people, injuring nine, and dragging eleven buildings into the water.&lt;ref name=&quot;Geus&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kokkegård, H. |date=19 June 2017 |title=Geus: Uklart, om jordskælv udløste grønlandsk tsunami [Unclear if earthquake caused Greenlandic tsunami] |url=https://ing.dk/artikel/geus-uklart-jordskaelv-udloeste-groenlandsk-tsunami-200534 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801183329/https://ing.dk/artikel/geus-uklart-jordskaelv-udloeste-groenlandsk-tsunami-200534 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=26 July 2017 |publisher=Ingeniøren}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GTect2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 July 2017 |title=After recon trip, researchers say Greenland tsunami in June reached 300 feet high |url=http://www.ce.gatech.edu/news/after-recon-trip-researchers-say-greenland-tsunami-june-reached-300-feet-high |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801033519/http://www.ce.gatech.edu/news/after-recon-trip-researchers-say-greenland-tsunami-june-reached-300-feet-high |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=26 July 2017 |publisher=[[Georgia Institute of Technology]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tsunami was initially {{Convert|300|ft|m}} high, but was significantly lower once it hit the settlement.&lt;ref name=&quot;GTect2017&quot; /&gt; It was initially unclear if the landslide was caused by a small earthquake (magnitude 4),&lt;ref name=&quot;Geus&quot; /&gt; but it was later confirmed that the landslide had caused the tremors.&lt;ref name=&quot;GTect2017&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2018
|Sulawesi
|2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami
|Earthquake-triggered underwater landslide
|On 28 September 2018, a localized tsunami struck Palu, sweeping away homes and buildings on the coast in its way; the earthquake, tsunami and soil liquefaction killed at least 4,340 and injured more than 10,670.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Central Sulawesi disasters killed 4,340 people, final count reveals – National – The Jakarta Post |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/30/central-sulawesi-disasters-killed-4340-people-final-count-reveals.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waves up to {{Cvt|10.7|m|ft}} hit the cities of Palu, Donggala and Mamuju.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: SULAWESI, INDONESIA |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5689 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108173756/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5689 |archive-date=8 January 2022 |access-date=8 January 2022 |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Java and Sumatra
|2018 Sunda Strait tsunami
|Volcanic-eruption-triggered landslide
|At 21:03 local time (14:03 UTC) on 22 December 2018, Anak Krakatoa erupted, damaging local seismographic equipment, although a nearby seismographic station detected continuing tremors.&lt;ref name=&quot;terjang&quot; /&gt; BMKG detected a tsunami event around 21:27 local time (14:27 UTC) off the western coast of Banten, but the agency had not detected any previous tectonic event. On 23 December it was confirmed via satellite data and helicopter footage that the southwestern sector of the Anak Krakatoa had collapsed, triggering the tsunami and the main conduit is now erupting underwater producing Surtseyan-style activity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 December 2018 |title=22-23 Dec 2018 eruption &amp; tsunami in aluiakbe Krakatoa – updates |url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatoa/2018/dec/eruption-tsunami/updates.html |access-date=26 December 2018 |publisher=Volcano Discovery}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Indonesian National Disaster Management Board initially reported 20 deaths and 165 injuries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indonesia 'volcano tsunami': At least 43 dead and 600 injured amid Krakatoa eruption |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/22/indonesia-tsunami-least-20-dead-165-injured-waves-hit-beaches/amp/ |access-date=23 December 2018 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; By 29 December, the number of dead had risen to 426, while the wounded numbered 7,202 and the missing 24.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Number of people injured by tsunami soars to 7,200 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/number-of-people-injured-by-tsunami-soars-to-7200 |access-date=29 December 2018 |website=The Straits Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|Aegean Sea
|2020 Aegean Sea earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 30 October 2020, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake triggered a tsunami that inundated the Greek islands of Ikaria, Kos, Chios, and Samos as well as several other islands and coastal areas in Greece and Turkey, where it mainly affected Sığacık in Seferihisar. An 87-year-old woman drowned in Sığacık, Turkey. Tsunami heights were as high as {{Convert|6|m|ft}}.
|-
|2020
|Elliot Creek, [[British Columbia]], Canada
|
|Landslide
|On 28 November 2020, unseasonably heavy rainfall triggered an {{Convert|18|e6m3|e6cuyd}} [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|landslide]] into a glacial lake at the head of Elliot Creek, generating a magnitude 5.0 earthquake and a {{Cvt|100|m|ft}} high megatsunami that rushed down Elliot Creek and the Southgate River to the head of Bute Inlet, covering a total distance of over {{Cvt|60|km|mi}} and destroying over {{Cvt|8.5|km|mi}} of salmon habitat along Elliot Creek.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Landslide caused by melting B.C. glacier created massive tsunami, destroyed salmon habitat: study |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8723389/bc-glacier-landslide-study/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== 2021-yanzu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Location
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Main Article
! style=&quot;width:6em;&quot; |Primary Cause
!Description
|-
|2021
|South Pacific
|2021 Kermadec Islands earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 5 March 2021, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake occurred in the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, generating a minor tsunami that primarily affected [[Tsibirin Norfolk|Norfolk Island]] and New Zealand. Major evacuations were carried out along the New Zealand coast in Northland, [[Auckland]], Bay of Plenty, and Gisborne following tsunami warnings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title=A morning of large offshore earthquakes – what happened and future scenarios |url=https://www.geonet.org.nz/news/2SEHsNpMPFY7LyLkduIPNJ |access-date=6 March 2021 |publisher=[[GeoNet (New Zealand)|GeoNet]] News}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tsunami surge {{Convert|64|cm|in}} high hit Norfolk Island and tsunami waves {{Convert|30|to|40|cm|in}} high hit New Zealand,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 March 2021 |title=Tsunami waves hit New Zealand's coastline |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI1m46fLztU |access-date=6 March 2021 |publisher=7NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt; while a much larger tsunami {{Cvt|2.64|m|ft}} in height hit Raoul Island, closest to the epicentre of the earthquake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 8.1 Earthquake and Tsunami in Kermadec Islands, New Zealand on 04 Mar 2021 19:28 UTC |url=https://www.gdacs.org/Tsunamis/calculations_overall.aspx?eventtype=EQ&amp;eventid=1258647&amp;episodeid=1362590 |publisher=GDACS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|Ambon
|
|Earthquake-triggered underwater landslide
|On 17 June 2021, a magnitude 5.9 (USGS) or 6.1 (BMKG) undersea earthquake near Ambon Island in [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], triggered an underwater landslide. The landslide then triggered a small tsunami up to {{Convert|0.5|m|ft}} high that hit the shoreline four minutes later. Both the earthquake and tsunami caused some damage to homes, but there were no casualties.
|-
|2021
|Alaska
|2021 Chignik earthquake
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 8.2 earthquake struck the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. The earthquake was the seventh largest to strike the United States and was preceded by a magnitude 7.8 foreshock in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 7.8 – 99&amp;nbsp;km SSE of Perryville, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asvb/executive |access-date=July 29, 2021 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}&lt;/ref&gt; The mainshock triggered a tsunami that reached {{Convert|2.63|m|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 8.2 Earthquake and Tsunami (2.6 m) in United States on 29 Jul 2021 06:15 UTC |url=https://www.gdacs.org/Tsunamis/report.aspx?eventid=1279046&amp;episodeid=1388004&amp;eventtype=EQ |website=[[Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|South Atlantic
|2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes
|Earthquake
|On 12 August 2021, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake, followed several minutes later by a magnitude 8.1 mainshock struck the South Atlantic,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jia |first=Zhe |last2=Zhongwen |first2=Zhan |last3=Kanamori |first3=Hiroo |year=2022 |title=The 2021 South Sandwich Island Mw 8.2 Earthquake: A Slow Event Sandwiched Between Regular Ruptures |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=49 |issue=3 |bibcode=2022GeoRL..4997104J |doi=10.1029/2021GL097104 |s2cid=244736464 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the South Sandwich Islands archipelago, a British Overseas Territory. They were some of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded, and generated a tsunami that was quite small for the quakes' size, reaching a maximum height of {{Cvt|0.75|m|ft}}. However the tsunami reached detectable wave heights as far as Portugal and [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hubbard |first=Judith |date=7 September 2021 |title=Mixed earthquake signals in the South Sandwich Islands |url=https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/mixed-earthquake-signals-in-the-south-sandwich-islands-13283/ |journal=Temblor |location=Earth Observatory of Singapore, [[Nanyang Technological University]] |publisher=[[Temblor, Inc.]] |doi=10.32858/temblor.202 |s2cid=244092196 |access-date=10 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; becoming the first tsunami to be detected in four or more oceans since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=South Sandwich Islands Tsunami, August 12, 2021 |url=https://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/sandwichislands20210812 |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=nctr.pmel.noaa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|Tonga
|2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
|Volcanic-eruption
|[[Fayil:January_15,_2022_Tonga_volcano-generated_tsunami_propagation.webm|thumb|[[Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwa na ƙasa|NOAA]] animation of the tsunami's propagation]]
A major eruption of Hunga Tonga, a volcanic island in [[Tonga]] in the Pacific Ocean, occurred on 15 January 2022. The eruption caused tsunamis in Tonga and [[Fiji]]. Tsunami warnings were issued for Fiji, Samoa, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, Japan and Canada. The tsunami reached {{Convert|15|m|ft}} in Tonga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=DrAndreasS|title=With a first unofficial report at hand (link below), I revisited my first tsunami simulation and compared it. Inundation for Hihifo seems close to observation. Inundation in Nuku'alofa probably overestimated. Some areas still with question marks. #Tonga #Tsunami #Nukualofa|date=16 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Tsunami hits Tonga after giant volcano eruption |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60007119 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|Philippines
|Tropical Storm Megi
|Landslide
|On 12 April 2022, a landslide caused by heavy rain due to Tropical Storm Megi created tsunami waves in Abuyog that killed two people and injured dozens more.
|-
|2022
|Mexico
|2022 Michoacán earthquake
|Earthquake
|A magnitude 7.6-7.7 earthquake struck near the coast of western Mexico on 19 September 2022. A tsunami about {{Cvt|1.75|m|ft}} high was reported near the epicentre. The tsunami was detected as far away as Ecuador, where tsunami waves as high as {{Cvt|12|cm}} were observed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/runup-more-info/36764 |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|Greenland
|2023 Greenland landslide
|Landslide
|On 16 September 2023 a large landslide originating {{Cvt|300–400|m|ft|-2}} above sea level entered Dickson Fjord, triggering a megatsunami exceeding {{Cvt|200|m|ft}} in run-up height. A run-up of {{Cvt|60|m}} was observed along a {{Cvt|10|km|mi|0}} stretch of coast, forming a seiche oscillation that decayed over a period of nine days.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carrillo-Ponce |first=Angela |last2=Heimann |first2=Sebastian |last3=Petersen |first3=Gesa M. |last4=Walter |first4=Thomas R. |last5=Cesca |first5=Simone |last6=Dahm |first6=Torsten |year=2024 |title=The 16 September 2023 Greenland Megatsunami: Analysis and Modeling of the Source and a Week-Long, Monochromatic Seismic Signal |journal=The Seismic Record |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=172–183 |doi=10.1785/0320240013 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Svennevig |first=Kristian |last2=Hicks |first2=Stephen P. |last3=Forbriger |first3=Thomas |last4=Lecocq |first4=Thomas |last5=Widmer-Schnidrig |first5=Rudolf |last6=Mangeney |first6=Anne |last7=Hibert |first7=Clément |last8=Korsgaard |first8=Niels J. |last9=Lucas |first9=Antoine |last10=Satriano |first10=Claudio |last11=Anthony |first11=Robert E. |last12=Mordret |first12=Aurélien |last13=Schippkus |first13=Sven |last14=Rysgaard |first14=Søren |last15=Boone |first15=Wieter |date=13 September 2024 |title=A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:842c8e73-1555-43fe-80d7-0fa9940d639c |journal=Science |volume=385 |issue=6714 |pages=1196–1205 |doi=10.1126/science.adm9247 |pmid=39264997 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|Japan
|2024 Noto earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 1 January 2024, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck the western coast of Japan, triggering the first major tsunami warning since the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tsunami warnings and advisories issued in regions along Sea of Japan Coast |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240101_27/ |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=NHK WORLD |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107014552/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240101_27/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; being issued for Ishikawa Prefecture at an estimated height of {{Convert|5|m|ft}}. Joetsu city in Niigata Prefecture observed a tsunami with a height of more than {{Convert|6.6|m|1}}, Wajima experienced a tsunami wight a height of more than {{Convert|11.3|m|1}}. Kanazawa City in Ishikawa Prefecture observed a tsunami at a height of {{Convert|0.9|m|in}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Massive quake hits Japan, major tsunami warning temporarily issued for Ishikawa {{!}} NHK WORLD-JAPAN News |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240102_03/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=NHK WORLD |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101150605/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240102_03/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toyama City in Toyama Prefecture and Sakata City in Yamagata Prefecture both observed a tsunami with a height of {{Convert|0.8|m|in}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; In Suzu City in Ishikawa Prefecture, some homes were left with only their foundations, being washed inland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-02 |title=根こそぎ倒壊のビル、転覆した船... 能登の上空から見た甚大な被害: 朝日新聞デジタル |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASS123VWTS12UTIL00M.html?iref=ogimage_rek |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=朝日新聞デジタル |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Small towns such as Shiromaru and Ukai reported severe damage with houses swept off their foundations several blocks inland. Research found that at least 26 of the 645 deaths from the earthquake were likely caused by the tsunami.
|-
|2024
|Pedersen Lagoon, [[Alaska]], United States
|
|Landslide
|On 7 August 2024, a landslide originating from north of Pedersen Glacier entered a lagoon, triggering a localised tsunami that damaged wooden boardwalks in the tidal zone at a lodge and struck a National Park Service campsite easement. The tsunami reached a maximum height of {{Convert|17|m|ft}}.
|-
|2025
|Kamchatka, Russia
|2025 Kamchatka Peninsula earthquake
|Earthquake
|On 30 July 2025, a magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck off the eastern coast of the Kamchatka peninsula. 15m - 19m waves were estimated along sections of unpopulated Kamchatka coastline, though in populated areas waves were limited to 5m - 6m and triggered tsunami warnings across the Pacific.
|}

* Tsunami tare da mafi girma shine 1958 Lituya Bay megatsunami, wanda ke da rikodin tsawo na {{Convert|524|m|ft}}  .
* Tsunami da ya haifar da rushewar ƙasa a lokacin girgizar ƙasa ta Alaska ta 1964 ya kai tsawo na {{Convert|70|m|ft}} m (230 , yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsunamis a tarihin da aka rubuta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alaska1964&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Christensen |first=Doug |title=The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964 |url=http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/quakes/Alaska_1964_earthquake.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706212449/http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/quakes/Alaska_1964_earthquake.html |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=21 March 2019 |publisher=Alaska Earthquake Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mafi Muni ==</text>
      <sha1>4h7ermps2webanwj3rc3iwbbc5hfnv9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rotimi Salami</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>114444</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971350</id>
      <parentid>970481</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T11:55:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361382271|Rotimi Salami]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971350</origin>
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'''Rotimi Salami''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Nollywood]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai wanda aka girmama shi ta hanyar [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (AMVCA).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
Shi ɗan asalin [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] ne kuma ya kammala karatun zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jihar Legos . Har ila yau, yana da takardar shaidar difloma daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2007 inda ya fito a fim dinsa na farko, Unknown Revenge, kuma daga baya ya shiga cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Fim dinsa na farko a matsayin darektan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne da ake kira Kuti's career Palace . 

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ya yi aure a 2015 ga Jumoke Salami kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu.

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Ya fito a cikin jerin daban-daban kamar [[Tinsel (TV series)|Tinsel]], Superstory, Silent Night, About to Wed, Dear Mother, Kuti's Career Palace, Emerald, Alan Poza, Bella's Place, Leave My Boyfriend, 11th Hour, Papa Ajasco da Crack in the Wall;  da kuma fina-finai daban-daban:

* [[Omoye]] (2017) a matsayin Femi
* Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Akinola
* [[Just Not Married|Ba a Yi Aure Ba]] (2016) a matsayin Lati
* Mirage (2019) 
* Saki Ba a Ba da izini ba (2018) a matsayin Joe
* [[Fate of Alakada|Makomar Alakada]] (2020) a matsayin Lucky Accessbet
* Magadan da ya ɓace (2018) 
* Jaridar wata Mace 'yar Najeriya mai banƙyama (2017) a matsayin Chibuzor
* Fiye da Wasiƙu Hudu (2020) 
* Rashin Lokaci (2017) 
* Sarauniyar Afirka (2018) 
* Ba a Rarraba ba (2018) 
* [[Lugard (fim)|Lugard]] (2021) a matsayin Usman
* Zuciya mai guguwa (2017) 
* [[The Miracle Centre|''Cibiyar Mu'ujiza'']] (2021) 
* Rashin Ruwa (2017) 
* A hankali (2017) a matsayin Udi
* Rashin amincewa (2016) 
* Maƙiya a Cikin (1994) 
* Dare Kafin (2015) 
* Hey You (2022) a matsayin Lanre
* Oko Rere (2023) a matsayin Alex
* Rush (2023) a matsayin Banji
* Open Marriage (2024) a matsayin Adeyanju
* Hanyar Hanyar (2024) a matsayin Gbenga's Squad
* Soja da ba a sani ba (2024) a matsayin Galala

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>j79yvqt4yn0zf1z6p9sd5cmm5w997rr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe, Kumo</title>
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      <id>971101</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359510944|Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe''', Kumo jami'a ce ta jama'a da aka kafata a shekarar 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-08 |title=Gombe converts abandoned college to university campus |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/488855-gombe-converts-abandoned-college-to-university-campus.html |access-date=2022-03-22 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;Tana cikin [[Kumo, Najeriya|Kumo]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gombe State University of Science and Technology {{!}} Ranking &amp; Review |url=https://www.unirank.org/ng/uni/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=www.unirank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-10-26 |title=UPDATED: NUC approves Gombe State University of Science and Technology {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/247385-nuc-approves-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology.html |access-date=2022-03-22 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An amince da Jami’ar ta hannun Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa (NUC) a matsayin jami’a ta biyu mallakar gwamnatin Jihar Gombe. Hakan ya sanya ta zama jami’a ta 46 mallakar jihohi, jami’a ta 86 ta gwamnati, da jami’a ta 154 a Najeriya.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |publisher=National Universities Commission |language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

[[Gombe (jiha)|Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe]] a karkashin jagorancin Gwamna [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya|Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya]] ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tarihi tare da [[Malaysia]]&quot; id=&quot;mwLg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Lincoln University College, Malaysia&quot;&gt;Kwalejin Jami'ar Lincoln ta Malaysia don kunnawa da inganta Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar, Kumo a matsayin cibiyar ƙwarewar ilimi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Blueprint |date=2022-04-11 |title=The advent of Lincoln University Kumo |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/the-advent-of-lincoln-university-kumo/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en-US |location=Abuja, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Release |first=Press |date=2022-03-05 |title=Much Ado about the Gombe State Government, Lincoln University MoU |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/515386-much-ado-about-the-gombe-state-government-lincoln-university-mou.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa shi a cikin 2017, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe wata cibiyar ilimi ce ta jama'a da ke Kumo, Gombe . [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|Hukumar Jami'o'i ta Kasa]] (NUC), Najeriya, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe (GSUST) ta amince da ita kuma ta amince da ta. Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe (GSUST) tana ba da darussan da shirye-shiryen da ke haifar da digiri na ilimi mafi girma a fannoni da yawa na karatu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gombe State University of Science and Technology Nigeria |url=https://www.campus.africa/university/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=campus.africa |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jerin darussan da aka bayar a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe, Kumo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Academy |first=Samphina |date=2022-11-28 |title=GSUST Courses - Gombe State University of Science &amp; Technology |url=https://samphina.com.ng/gsutech-gombe-state-university-science-technology-undergraduate-courses/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Samphina Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Lissafi / Lissafi
# Gudanar da Kasuwanci
# Gudanar da Jama'a
# Nazarin Addini na Kirista
# Harshen Turanci
# [[Tarihi]]
# Nazarin Musulunci
# Ilimi da ilmin halitta
# Ilimi da ilmin sunadarai
# Ilimi da Nazarin Addini na Kirista
# Ilimi da Harshen Turanci
# Ilimi da Yanayi
# Ilimi da Nazarin Musulunci
# Ilimi da Lissafi
# Ilimi da Ilimin Jiki
# Ilimi da Tarihi
# [[Biochemistry]]
# Ilimin halittu
# [[Kimiyya|Sanyen sunadarai]]
# Botany
# Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta
# [[Ilmin duwatsu|Ilimin ƙasa]]
# Ilimin halittu
# Lissafi
# Ilimin lissafi
# Kididdiga
# [[Zoology|Ilimin dabbobi]]
# Tattalin Arziki
# [[Labarin kasa|Yanayin ƙasa]]
# Ilimin zamantakewa
# [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta Siyasa]]

== Manazarta ==
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'''Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe''', Kumo jami'a ce ta jama'a da aka kafata a shekarar 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-10-08 |title=Gombe converts abandoned college to university campus |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/488855-gombe-converts-abandoned-college-to-university-campus.html |access-date=2022-03-22 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;Tana cikin [[Kumo, Najeriya|Kumo]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gombe State University of Science and Technology {{!}} Ranking &amp; Review |url=https://www.unirank.org/ng/uni/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=www.unirank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-10-26 |title=UPDATED: NUC approves Gombe State University of Science and Technology {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/247385-nuc-approves-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology.html |access-date=2022-03-22 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An amince da Jami’ar ta hannun Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa (NUC) a matsayin jami’a ta biyu mallakar gwamnatin Jihar Gombe. Hakan ya sanya ta zama jami’a ta 46 mallakar jihohi, jami’a ta 86 ta gwamnati, da jami’a ta 154 a Najeriya.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |publisher=National Universities Commission |language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

[[Gombe (jiha)|Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe]] a karkashin jagorancin Gwamna [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya|Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya]] ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tarihi tare da [[Malaysia]]&quot; id=&quot;mwLg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Lincoln University College, Malaysia&quot;&gt;Kwalejin Jami'ar Lincoln ta Malaysia don kunnawa da inganta Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar, Kumo a matsayin cibiyar ƙwarewar ilimi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Blueprint |date=2022-04-11 |title=The advent of Lincoln University Kumo |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/the-advent-of-lincoln-university-kumo/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en-US |location=Abuja, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Release |first=Press |date=2022-03-05 |title=Much Ado about the Gombe State Government, Lincoln University MoU |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/515386-much-ado-about-the-gombe-state-government-lincoln-university-mou.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa shi a cikin 2017, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe wata cibiyar ilimi ce ta jama'a da ke Kumo, Gombe .. [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|Hukumar Jami'o'i ta Kasa]] (NUC), Najeriya, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe (GSUST) ta amince da ita kuma ta amince da ta. Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe (GSUST) tana ba da darussan da shirye-shiryen da ke haifar da digiri na ilimi mafi girma a fannoni da yawa na karatu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gombe State University of Science and Technology Nigeria |url=https://www.campus.africa/university/gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology/ |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=campus.africa |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jerin darussan da aka bayar a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe, Kumo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Academy |first=Samphina |date=2022-11-28 |title=GSUST Courses - Gombe State University of Science &amp; Technology |url=https://samphina.com.ng/gsutech-gombe-state-university-science-technology-undergraduate-courses/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Samphina Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Lissafi / Lissafi
# Gudanar da Kasuwanci
# Gudanar da Jama'a
# Nazarin Addini na Kirista
# Harshen Turanci
# [[Tarihi]]
# Nazarin Musulunci
# Ilimi da ilmin halitta
# Ilimi da ilmin sunadarai
# Ilimi da Nazarin Addini na Kirista
# Ilimi da Harshen Turanci
# Ilimi da Yanayi
# Ilimi da Nazarin Musulunci
# Ilimi da Lissafi
# Ilimi da Ilimin Jiki
# Ilimi da Tarihi
# [[Biochemistry]]
# Ilimin halittu
# [[Kimiyya|Sanyen sunadarai]]
# Botany
# Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta
# [[Ilmin duwatsu|Ilimin ƙasa]]
# Ilimin halittu
# Lissafi
# Ilimin lissafi
# Kididdiga
# [[Zoology|Ilimin dabbobi]]
# Tattalin Arziki
# [[Labarin kasa|Yanayin ƙasa]]
# Ilimin zamantakewa
# [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta Siyasa]]

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Swansea City A.F.C.</title>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League a 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League a 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League a 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="21977" sha1="l8mnrl8t8rzkrjcpscv092hm6aqgjvi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku a 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku acikin  1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku acikin shekara ta 1925 da 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku acikin shekara ta 1925 dakuma  1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku acikin shekara ta 1925 dakuma cikin 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Swansea City Association Football Club''' (/ˈswɒnzi/ SWON-zee; Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Ystafell arbennig yn rhoi cyfle i bobl ag anghenion ychwanegol wylio pêl-droed byw |url=https://newyddion.s4c.cymru/article/15978 |website=newyddion.s4c.cymru |language=cy}}&lt;/ref&gt;) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Welsh da ke zaune a garin '''Swansea''', [[Wales]] . Suna fafatawa a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na kasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa kulob din acikin shekara ta 1912 a matsayin Swansea Town amma sun canza sunansu a 1970 don nuna sabon matsayin Swansea a matsayin birni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Swansea.com (wanda aka fi sani da filin wasa na Liberty) tun cikin shekara ta 2005, bayan sun buga wasa a Filin Vetch tun lokacin da aka kafa su. 

Swansea ta shiga Kudancin League acikin shekara ta 1912 kafin ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1920. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta Kudu ta Uku acikin shekara ta 1925 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1949, amma sun fada cikin Sashe na Uku bayan da aka sake su a 1965 da 1967. Kungiyar Swansea ta lashe ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu don isa ga Sashen Farko a 1981, ta kammala ta shida a saman jirgin (rikodin kulob din), amma sun dawo cikin Sashen Na huɗu a 1986. Kungiyar ta lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekara ta 2000 amma ta guje wa koma baya zuwa Taron a shekara ta 2003. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta hudu a 2008 bayan sun lashe League One . 

A shekara ta 2011, an meda kungiyar Swansea zuwa Premier League kuma ta lashe Kofin League shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta cancanci gasar UEFA Europa League . Wannan shi ne babban zakara na farko a tarihin kulob din; sauran zakara sun hada da Kofin Welsh goma, kofin kwallon kafa guda biyu da kofin FAW guda biyu. Har ila yau, kulob din ya cancanci gasar cin kofin Turai sau bakwai tsakanin 1961 da 1991. An sake su daga Premier League a shekarar 2018, kuma tun daga lokacin sun taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai.

Hawan kungiyar Swansea daga rukuni na huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila zuwa Premier League an rubuta shi a cikin fim ɗin 2014, Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . 'Yan wasa da yawa sun lashe kwallo ga ƙasarsu yayin da suke wasa ga kulob din, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=The Cymru connection – Swans on the biggest stage |url=https://faw.cymru/news/the-cymru-connection-swans-on-the-biggest-stage |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=FAW Cymru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea City Supporters' Trust ta mallaki hannun jari a cikin kulob din;  Supporters Direct sun yaba da shigarsu a cikin 2012 a matsayin &quot;mafi girman misali na amincewar magoya baya a cikin gudanar da kulob din kai tsaye&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2012 |title=Swansea City fans a major influence as government encourages role of supporters' trusts |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716045715/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/swanseacityfc/swansea-city-fc/2012/02/19/swansea-city-fans-a-major-influence-as-government-encourages-role-of-supporters-trusts-91466-30358541/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |publisher=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Shekaru na farko (1912-1945) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_AFC_1912-13_Squad_Photo.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kungiyar Swansea Town a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, 1912-13]]
Bayan karuwar sha'awar kwallon kafa a yankin Swansea, an kafa kulob din kwallon kafa na farko na garin, Swansea Town, a shekarar 1912. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day Swansea City is formed |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-swansea-city-formed |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John William Thorpe, lauya na gida, an zabe shi shugaban kulob din na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; An dauki 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya kuma kungiyar ta shiga Kudancin Kudancin a karkashin kocin dan wasan farko na kulob din, Walter Whittaker . &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;On this day&quot; /&gt; Swansea ta shiga wasu kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rukuni, gami da Cardiff City, wadanda suka kasance abokan adawar Swansea na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Wasan, wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1912 a Filin Vetch na Swansea, ya ƙare a 1-1 draw tare da Billy Ball ya zira kwallaye na farko na Swansea.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin kakar wasa ta farko, Swansea ta lashe Kofin Welsh, gasar Welsh kuma ta zo ta uku a Kudancin Kudancin . &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa, kulob din ya kai zagaye na farko na FA Cup kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; John William Bartlett ya maye gurbin Whittaker a shekara ta 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; A karkashin jagorancinsa, kulob din ya doke zakarun Ingila Blackburn Rovers 1-0 a zagaye na farko na Kofin FA na 1914-15, tare da burin kulob din Swansea ya zo daga Ben Beynon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan yakin (1945-1970) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_Town_Football_Club_(20740154461).jpg|left|thumb|Ivor Allchurch ya zira kwallaye 164 a wasanni 445 na Swans tsakanin 1947-1958 da 1965-1968]]
Lokacin da aka sake fara kwallon kafa bayan yakin, an sake komawa Swansea zuwa Sashe na Uku a 1947 amma an sake dawowa zuwa Sashe ya Biyu a matsayin zakara a 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, Swansea ta ga 'yan wasa matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin babbar kungiyar, gami da kyaftin din kulob din Ivor Allchurch. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kungiyar ta haɓaka goyon baya mai ƙarfi na gida a wannan lokacin, tare da babban halartar wasannin league, kamar rikodin halartar league a gida da kungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt; Kungiyar ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayar kudi, duk da haka, amma sun sake guje wa sakewa a ranar karshe ta kakar 1957-58. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1960, Swansea ta buga wasan farko a gasar cin Kofin League kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a shekara mai zuwa, ta cancanci gasar cin kocin masu cin kofin. Wannan ya sanya Swansea kulob din Welsh na farko da ya shiga gasar Turai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manajan Trevor Morris ya kuma jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin FA a shekarar 1964, biyo bayan tseren da ya hada da nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a wasan kusa da karshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An sake komawa Swansea zuwa kashi na uku a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma yanayin kudi a kulob din ya zama mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;

Duk da kammala na goma sha bakwai a gasar a karkashin Glyn Davies, kulob din ya sake lashe Kofin Welsh kuma ya cancanci kasadar Turai ta biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1967, duk da haka, an sake komawa kulob din zuwa Sashe na huɗu, karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Duk da wannan, kungiyar Swansea ta ga mafi yawan halarta a filin Vetch (32,796) don wasan da suka yi da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1968, wanda kungiyar Swansea ta rasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bala'i ya auku kulob din a watan Janairun 1969 lokacin da 'yan wasan Roy Evans da Brian Purcell suka mutu a hadarin mota a kan hanyar zuwa wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigel's WebSpace – English Football Cards, Player death notices |url=http://cards.littleoak.com.au/rip_notices/rip_1970.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nasara da raguwa (1970-1986) ===
[[Fayil:Swansea_City_AFC_League_Performance.svg|thumb|300x300px|Shafin da ke nuna ci gaban Swansea City AFC ta hanyar [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]]]
Bayan Swansea ta zama birni a shekarar 1969, kulob din ya canza sunansu zuwa Swansea City a farkon shekarar 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Roy Bentley ta yi bikin ta hanyar samun ci gaba zuwa Sashe na Uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Bayan kammala tsakiyar tebur a ƙarshen lokutan biyu masu zuwa, kulob din ya fara da mummunan farawa zuwa kakar 1972-73, wanda ya ga Harry Gregg ya maye gurbin Bentley. Gregg ya kasa dakatar da faduwar tawagar kuma kulob din ya dawo cikin Sashe na huɗu a kakar 1973-74. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Harry Griffiths ne ya maye gurbinsa, likitan kulob din wanda ya kuma buga wa Swansea wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt; Batutuwan kudi sun ci gaba da addabar kulob din kuma an tilasta wa Swansea neman sake zaben zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Swansea ta kasa samun ci gaba a shekarar 1977, kuma Griffiths ya yi murabus a shekara mai zuwa duk da kyakkyawar farawa ga kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; John Toshack ne ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers2&quot; /&gt; An ci gaba da Swansea a shekara ta 1978, kuma Toshack ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa Sashe na Biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa da kuma Sashe na Farko a shekara ta 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 1002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun doke Preston North End 3-1 don tabbatar da ci gaban su, tare da burin daga Tommy Craig, Leighton James da Jeremy Charles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: Promotion at Preston |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-promotion-preston-0 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea Promotion Glory 19812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Swansea City's 1981 promotion glory: Toshack, Shankly, Deepdale drama and a giant headline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56901010 |access-date=14 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea ta tashi shekaru hudu zuwa saman rukuni ya zama rikodin a kwallon kafa na Ingila, wanda aka gudanar tare da Wimbledon. Swansea kuma ta lashe kofin Welsh a wannan kakar, ta cancanci Turai a karo na farko tun daga kakar 1965-66. 

=== mallakar Amurka da dawowa gasar zakarun Turai (2016-yanzu) ===
[[Fayil:02_Football_Remembers_IMG_3728_(38034383782).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Swansea ta yi wasa da Arsenal a Filin wasa na Emirates a shekarar 2017]]
A watan Yulin 2016, wata kungiya ta kasar [[Amurka]] karkashin jagorancin Jason Levien da Steven Kaplan ta sayi iko a kulob din,  amma shugaban Huw Jenkins ya kasance. Watanni uku bayan haka, an kori Guidolin kuma Bob Bradley ya maye gurbinsa, wanda shine karo na farko da kulob din [[Premier League]] ya hayar kocin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 October 2016 |title=Swansea sack Francesco Guidolin and appoint Bob Bradley manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37542434 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kori Bradley bayan kwanaki 85; ya lashe wasanni biyu kawai daga cikin wasanni goma sha ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swansea sack manager Bob Bradley after 11 games in charge |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/10709787/swansea-sack-manager-bob-bradley-after-11-games-in-charge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Clement ne ya maye gurbinsa,  wanda ya sami matsayin Swansea na Premier League a watan Mayu 2017.  Wani talauci na farko na kakar 2017-18 ya ga Clement ya kore shi kuma Carlos Carvalhal ya maye gurbinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2017 |title=Carvalhal named Swans boss |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/carvalhal-named-swans-boss |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Muddled moves and a woeful window – how Swansea landed back in trouble |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/nov/03/swansea-city-transfer-window-relegation-fight |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da nasarar da suka samu a gida a jere a kan kungiyoyin Liverpool (1-0),  Arsenal (3-1),  Burnley (1-0),  da West Ham (4-1),  Swansea ba su da nasara a wasanninsu tara na karshe (sun rasa biyar) a karkashin Carvalhal, sun bar su a matsayi na goma sha takwas a ranar karshe ta kakar. An sake su a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2018, biyo bayan da aka ci Stoke City 2-1 da aka riga aka sake su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Swansea 1–2 Stoke&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin farko a gasar zakarun Turai ya samar da matsayi na goma a karkashin sabon kocin Graham Potter, &lt;ref name=&quot;Graham Potter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=Graham Potter named new Swansea City manager |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44437583 |access-date=11 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; gami da bayyanar kwata-kwata a gasar cin kofin FA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Swansea City 2-3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47505051 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a cikin zargi game da sayar da kulob din ga ƙungiyar Amurka a cikin 2016 da kuma sakewa daga Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins Resigns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2019 |title=Swansea City chairman Huw Jenkins resigns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47105213 |access-date=2 February 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan da Potter ya tafi ya gudanar da Brighton, tsohon kocin [[Ingila]] U17 Steve Cooper ya maye gurbinsa. A watan Satumbar 2019, Swansea ta zauna a saman teburin bayan wata na farko da ba a ci nasara ba; wannan shine mafi kyawun farawa na kulob din zuwa kakar a cikin shekaru 41.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=Steve Cooper: That was our best performance yet |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/steve-cooper-was-our-best-performance-yet |access-date=29 September 2019 |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar karshe ta kakar, Swansea ta doke Reading 4-1 don kammala ta shida, ta shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gaban Nottingham Forest a bambancin burin, amma daga baya Brentford ta ci su a wasan kusa da na karshe.

A ƙarshen kakar 2020-21, Swansea ta kammala ta huɗu a gasar kuma ta sami matsayi na biyu a jere. Sun ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe bayan sun doke Barnsley 2-1 a jimillar, amma sun rasa Brentford a filin wasa na Wembley. Bayan Cooper ya bar kulob din, Russell Martin ya zama kocin a shekarar 2021, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa tsakiyar tebur kafin ya koma Southampton a shekarar 2023. Shekaru masu zuwa sun ga manajoji da yawa da aka hayar da su kuma aka kore su, tare da ƙungiyar da ke gwagwarmaya a gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Luke Williams: Head coach leaves Swansea City after slump in form |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwyjy75xz8po |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 November 2025 |title=Sheehan sacked as Swansea City head coach |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c0exyp40n5jo |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swansea kuma ta ga canje-canje a cikin mallakar lokacin da Levien da Kaplan suka sayar da mafi yawan hannun jari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Swansea chairman hails 'new era' as takeover completed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cqxw11w3egro |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin watanni masu zuwa, dan wasan kwallon kafa na [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] [[Luka Modrić]] da rapper na Amurka [[Snoop Dogg]] sun shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar masu mallakar kulob din.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Snoop Dogg becomes Swansea co-owner and investor |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c8rpnj45llzo |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:342px;max-width:342px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:161px;max-width:161px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:Vetch_Field.DSC00100.JPG|alt=|159x159px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:177px;max-width:177px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; style=&quot;height:119px;overflow:hidden&quot;&gt;[[File:New_Morfa_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_32243.jpg|alt=|175x175px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot; style=&quot;display:flex&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[Vetch Field|Filin Vetch]] (hagu) ya kasance gidan Swansea City na tsawon shekaru 93, yayin da aka buɗe [[Liberty Stadium|Filin wasa na Liberty]] a 2005 kuma an sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a 2021&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Vetch Field ita ce gidan Swansea tsakanin 1912, shekarar da aka kafa kulob din, da 2005. Gidan ya ga masu halartar 32,796 a wasan FA Cup na hudu na 1968 da kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Swans 100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A history of the club |url=https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swans100.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://swans100.com/history/a-history-of-the-club &quot;A history of the club&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan karshe a Vetch shine nasarar Swansea a kan Wrexham a gasar cin kofin FAW ta 2004-05. &lt;ref name=&quot;Our managers&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our managers |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.swanseacity.com/history/our-managers &quot;Our managers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an bude sabon filin kungiyar Swansea, Filin wasa na Liberty.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=On this day: The Liberty era begins |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/day-liberty-era-begins |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=swanseacity.com |publisher=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan farko da aka buga a filin wasa shine Wasan sada zumunci na kulob din Swansea da Fulham . &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Liberty ta zama filin wasa na farko na gasar Premier League a Wales lokacin da aka inganta Swansea zuwa Premier League. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibertyStadium&quot; /&gt; Baya ga kasancewa gidan Swansea City, filin wasan ya dauki bakuncin wasannin kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Welsh kuma ya kasance gidan kungiyar rugby ta Ospreys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Swansea has previous for hosting Wales internationals |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/swansea-has-previous-for-hosting-wales-internationals/39081821.html |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=Belfast Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Ospreys choose St Helen's as new stadium home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/articles/c98q79j7y90o |access-date=12 September 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake masa suna filin wasa na Swansea.com a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, biyo bayan yarjejeniyar haƙƙin suna na shekaru 10. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=SWANSEA.COM BECOME STADIUM NAMING RIGHTS PARTNER |url=https://www.swanseacity.com/news/swanseacom-become-stadium-naming-rights-partner |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Swansea City}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2025, damar filin wasan ya kai 21,000.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>4sg8o7cd18sz9uvo4y9th2zrje64zdw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Rise (fim na Amurka na 2022)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>122403</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971353</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T11:57:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369188806|Rise (2022 American film)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8487" sha1="ebb6037t0wgltfk8kyixayipmz4hhvr" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vevent&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;&quot; |Tashi da Ɗauki
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Hoton fitarwa&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An ba da umarni daga
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Akin Omotoso]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Rubuce-rubuce
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Arash Amel]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An samar da shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Bernie Goldmann
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Fitowa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Uche Tsofaffi
* Ral Tsofaffi
* Jaden Osimuwa
* Iliya Shomanke
* [[Yetide Badaki]]
* [[Dayo Okeniyi]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Hotuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Kabelo Thathe
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An shirya shi ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Vuyani Sondlo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Waƙoƙi ta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ré Olunuga
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Kamfanoni masu samarwa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* Hotunan Walt Disney
* Farin Gidan Faliro
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |An rarraba ta hanyar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Disney+
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Ranar fitarwa&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist film-date&quot;&gt;
* Yuni 24, 2022 &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated itvstart&quot;&gt;2022-06-24&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;&quot;&gt;Lokacin gudu&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Minti 111
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Kasashe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Amurka Girka&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;&quot; |Harsuna
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Turanci Girkanci&lt;br /&gt;
|}
Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali.

Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022. &lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar.

== Tsari ==
A cikin 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica &quot;Vera&quot; Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su 'yan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.

Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa.

Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa.

Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa.

== 'yan wasa ==

* [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo
* [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica &quot;Vera&quot; Antetokounmpo
* Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]]
** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis
* Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios &quot;Thanasis&quot; Antetokounmpo
** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis
** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis
* Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros &quot;Alex&quot; AntetokounmpoIskandari &quot;Alex&quot; Antetokounmpo
** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros
* Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos &quot;Kostas&quot; Antetokounmpo
** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas
* Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou
* Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas
* Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo
* Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco
* Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele
* Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo
* Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks
* [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki
* Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis
* Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sani Maikatanga</title>
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      <text bytes="7479" sha1="5qkqy4b0d00mkvkvnwp6ajgwnen1y12" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''[[File:Sani Maikatanga.jpg|thumb|Shahararren Mai daukar hoto a arewacin najariya]]''''''Sani Mohammed Maikatanga''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1975) ɗan Najeriya ne mai ɗaukar hoto &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya lashe Gasar daukar Hotuna ta Duniya (GLF) Afirka ta 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prime Time News |date=2022-06-14 |title=MAAUN congratulates famous Photojournalist, Maikatanga for winning GLF Africa Award 2022 Photo Competition |url=https://primetimenews.ng/maaun-congratulates-famous-photojournalist-maikatanga-for-winning-glf-africa-award-2022-photo-competition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909164137/https://primetimenews.ng/maaun-congratulates-famous-photojournalist-maikatanga-for-winning-glf-africa-award-2022-photo-competition/ |archive-date=2022-09-09 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=Prime Time News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maikatanga an fi saninsa da aikinsa tare da 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomin da ke a Arewacin Najeriya, da kuma ayyukan gargajiya da shahararrun wurare. Shirin da ya yi game da shahararren bikin kamun kifi na Argungu ya ba shi lambar yabo ta GLF Africa ta 2022 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DailyNews24 |date=2022-06-12 |title=Photojournalist, Maikatanga wins GLF Africa Award 2022 Photo Competition |url=https://dailynews24.ng/photojournalist-maikatanga-wins-glf-africa-award-2022-photo-competition/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=DailyNews24 |archive-date=2022-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909145455/https://dailynews24.ng/photojournalist-maikatanga-wins-glf-africa-award-2022-photo-competition/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
 
An haifi Sani Maikatanga a karamar hukumar [[Nasarawa (Kano)|Nasarawa]], [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya. Da ga Alhaji Muhammadu Maikatanga da Hajiya Hauwa Gumel . Ya yi Makarantar Firamare ta Musamman ta Giginyu tsakanin 1983 da 1989, Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati a [[Tarauni]] tsakanin 1989-1991 kuma ya ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi da Fasaha ta Bichi inda ya karanta injiniyan lantarki.

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Kano_Golden_Jubilee_Round_About.jpg|thumb|Sani Maitanga ya sami lambar yabo ta Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 a Najeriya Winners 2022 don zagaye na Jubilee na Zinariya na Kano . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Maikatanga ya fara aikinsa bayan ya bar makara[[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|NTA]] tare da Salisu Baso da Tijjani NTA studio a Kawo, sannan ya koma Babson Studio a kan Laraba Road da Galaxy Photo Studio a Giginyu kafin ya shiga aikin jarida a shekarar 2000.

Maikatanga ya fara aikinsa na daukar hoto a shekara ta 2000 a matsayin mai ba da rahoto da mai daukar hoto ga shahararren littafin fim na Hausa FIM Magazine . Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto mai zaman kansa na Jaridar Leadership daga 2005 zuwa 2006 kafin ya shiga Media Trust, masu wallafa jaridar Daily Trust, a cikin 2009.

Bayan barin Media Trust a cikin 2021, Sani Maikatanga ya kafa kamfaninsa, Sani Maikatang Photography, kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin mai daukar hoto, yana mai da hankali kan 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomin da ke ware a arewacin Najeriya. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya dauka akwai shahararren bikin kamun kifi na Argungu, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo tare da hotonsa, Fishers on the Run, wanda aka dauka a bikin Argungu, a matsayin mai nasara na farko bayan ya sami mafi yawan kuri'u.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maikatanga ya zama sananne da farko ta hanyar hotunan tseren doki, wanda aka fi sani da [[Durbar]] a arewacin Najeriya. Ya kuma rufe yawancin abubuwan da suka faru na [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Nijar]], kamar bikin Salt Cure a In-Gall da bikin Bianou a Agadez . Shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai kamar su [[BBC Hausa]], Media Trust, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Associated Press,  Deutsche Welle, Reuters, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DailyNews24 |date=2022-06-12 |title=Photojournalist, Maikatanga wins GLF Africa Award 2022 Photo Competition |url=https://dailynews24.ng/photojournalist-maikatanga-wins-glf-africa-award-2022-photo-competition/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=DailyNews24 |archive-date=2022-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909145455/https://dailynews24.ng/photojournalist-maikatanga-wins-glf-africa-award-2022-photo-competition/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; New York Post, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[The Guardian (Najeriya)|The Guardian]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt; suna amfani da hotunansa.

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==
Maikatanga sanannen mai daukar hoto ne a arewacin Najeriya wanda ya zama sunan gida tsakanin matasa da mata. Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, takaddun shaida, da kuma karbuwa daga hukumomi daban-daban da manufofi na kasashen waje, wanda mafi kwanan nan daga Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) Afirka ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kyaututtuka ===

* Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) wasika ta godiya don taimakawa, aiki, da kuma motsawa a lokacin shirin kwalara na MSF Holland a Kano a cikin 2000.
* Kyautar Taimako ta Farko, wanda [[Kungiyar Red Cross ta Najeriya]] ta shirya.
* Kyautar kyawawan halaye da kungiyar fina-finai ta Hausa ta bayar sama da shekaru goma na gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga masana'antar fina-fakka.
* Kyautar Kyauta daga Northern Trendz don gudummawa ga karfafa matasa.
* Wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta uku a gasar daukar hoto a gasar cin kofin kasar Sin da Najeriya a gasar daukar hotuna a shekarar 2019.
* Ceto Kyautar Gidauniyar Mata ta Inspirational da Creativity (REWOFO) 2020.
* Kyautar Kyaututtuka ta hanyar Inspire Arewa Youth Initiative 2020.
* Kyautar Kyaututtuka ta FASHMEX 2020
* Gidan Tarihi na Duniya (GLF) Gasar Hotuna ta Afirka Mai cin nasara na farko 2022 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[BBC Hausa]] |date=2022-06-10 |title=BBC Hausa Facebook |url=https://web.facebook.com/watch/?extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C-GK2C&amp;v=1423437058148879 |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=BBC Hausa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 a Najeriya / Kyautar masu cin nasara 2022

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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    <title>Harin Quetta a watan Yuni, 2013</title>
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      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[Yunin 2013 Harin Quetta]] to [[Harin Quetta a watan Yuni, 2013]]</comment>
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 {{Pakistan terrorist attacks}}A ranar 15 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2013, jerin bama-bamai da kuma kewaye da suka biyo baya sun haifar da mutuwar mutane 26 da raunin da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Bomb on Pakistani women's university bus kills 14 |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/15/3452663/militants-destroy-house-used-by.html |access-date=2013-06-15 |website=Miami Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2013 |title=Pakistani city of Quetta in shock after double attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22925058 |access-date=2013-06-16 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan rana, 'yan tawaye sun kai hari kuma sun rushe tarihin Quaid-e-Azam Residency a Ziarat.

== Tarihi ==
Quetta, wani birni a kudu maso yamma tare da yawan mutane 900,000, ya fuskanci tashin hankali mai tsanani, da farko an yi wa 'yan tsirarun Musulmi Shia, sau da yawa ana danganta su ga kungiyoyi kamar Laskar-e-Jhangvi . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2013 |title=Pakistani city of Quetta in shock after double attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22925058 |access-date=2013-06-16 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, wani fashewar bam a wani zauren wasan snooker ya kashe akalla mutane 81, galibi Musulmai Shia. Hakazalika, a watan Fabrairu, kusan mutane 90 sun mutu a fashewar bam a wani kasuwa da ke cikin yankin Hazara Shia na birnin.[1]

== Hare-haren ==
 
Hare-haren sun fara ne da fashewar na'urar fashewa da ke haɗe da bas da ke dauke da dalibai daga Jami'ar Mata ta Sardar Bahadur Khan . &lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes&quot; /&gt; Fashewar ta lalata motar gaba daya, ta kashe mata 14 kuma ta jikkata wasu 19. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, wani mai fashewa da bam ya kai hari a kusa da Bolan Medical Complex, inda ake kula da wadanda ke fama da fashewar bam na farko. Wata kungiya ta 'yan bindiga biyar ta tilasta shiga cikin fili, yayin da manyan jami'an siyasa na Quetta ke ziyartar wadanda suka ji rauni, wanda ya haifar da harbi na tsawon sa'o'i tare da jami'an tsaro. Siege din ya ƙare tare da akalla mutane 12 da suka mutu, ciki har da maharan hudu, sojoji hudu na Sojojin Pakistan da ma'aikatan asibiti hudu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan bindigar ya tsira daga harin kuma sojojin gwamnati sun kama shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Attacks Test New Pakistan Government |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/asia/attacks-in-baluchistan-province-shake-pakistan.html |access-date=2013-06-17 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Bomb on Pakistani women's university bus kills 14 |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/15/3452663/militants-destroy-house-used-by.html |access-date=2013-06-15 |website=Miami Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Bomb on Pakistani women's university bus kills 14 |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/15/3452663/militants-destroy-house-used-by.html |access-date=2013-06-15 |website=Miami Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi imanin cewa wadanda aka yi niyyar fashewar bam din sun kasance Shia daga 'yan tsirarun kabilun Hazara, wadanda suka kasance wadanda aka yi wa hare-haren da suka gabata a Balochistan. Koyaya, saboda canjin hanyar da ya gabata, bas ɗin ya ɗauki ƙungiyar ƙabilu kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mafarki mara kyau&quot; na masu aikata laifin.

== Dubi kuma ==
{{Reflist|33em}}

* Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Balochistan
* Hare-haren Quetta

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quetta attacks, 2013}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3402" sha1="f1dwyupq4f13spfco1oo747uxhqpksu" xml:space="preserve">A ranar 15 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2013, jerin bama-bamai da kuma kewaye da suka biyo baya sun haifar da mutuwar mutane 26 da raunin da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Bomb on Pakistani women's university bus kills 14 |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/15/3452663/militants-destroy-house-used-by.html |access-date=2013-06-15 |website=Miami Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2013 |title=Pakistani city of Quetta in shock after double attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22925058 |access-date=2013-06-16 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan rana, 'yan tawaye sun kai hari kuma sun rushe tarihin Quaid-e-Azam Residency a Ziarat.

== Tarihi ==
Quetta, wani birni a kudu maso yamma tare da yawan mutane 900,000, ya fuskanci tashin hankali mai tsanani, da farko an yi wa 'yan tsirarun Musulmi Shia, sau da yawa ana danganta su ga kungiyoyi kamar Laskar-e-Jhangvi . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2013 |title=Pakistani city of Quetta in shock after double attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22925058 |access-date=2013-06-16 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, wani fashewar bam a wani zauren wasan snooker ya kashe akalla mutane 81, galibi Musulmai Shia. Hakazalika, a watan Fabrairu, kusan mutane 90 sun mutu a fashewar bam a wani kasuwa da ke cikin yankin Hazara Shia na birnin.[1]

== Hare-haren ==
 
Hare-haren sun fara ne da fashewar na'urar fashewa da ke haɗe da bas da ke dauke da dalibai daga Jami'ar Mata ta Sardar Bahadur Khan . &lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes&quot; /&gt; Fashewar ta lalata motar gaba daya, ta kashe mata 14 kuma ta jikkata wasu 19. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, wani mai fashewa da bam ya kai hari a kusa da Bolan Medical Complex, inda ake kula da wadanda ke fama da fashewar bam na farko. Wata kungiya ta 'yan bindiga biyar ta tilasta shiga cikin fili, yayin da manyan jami'an siyasa na Quetta ke ziyartar wadanda suka ji rauni, wanda ya haifar da harbi na tsawon sa'o'i tare da jami'an tsaro. Siege din ya ƙare tare da akalla mutane 12 da suka mutu, ciki har da maharan hudu, sojoji hudu na Sojojin Pakistan da ma'aikatan asibiti hudu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan bindigar ya tsira daga harin kuma sojojin gwamnati sun kama shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Attacks Test New Pakistan Government |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/asia/attacks-in-baluchistan-province-shake-pakistan.html |access-date=2013-06-17 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Bomb on Pakistani women's university bus kills 14 |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/15/3452663/militants-destroy-house-used-by.html |access-date=2013-06-15 |website=Miami Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Bomb on Pakistani women's university bus kills 14 |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/15/3452663/militants-destroy-house-used-by.html |access-date=2013-06-15 |website=Miami Herald}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi imanin cewa wadanda aka yi niyyar fashewar bam din sun kasance Shia daga 'yan tsirarun kabilun Hazara, wadanda suka kasance wadanda aka yi wa hare-haren da suka gabata a Balochistan. Koyaya, saboda canjin hanyar da ya gabata, bas ɗin ya ɗauki ƙungiyar ƙabilu kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mafarki mara kyau&quot; na masu aikata laifin.

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist|33em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quetta attacks, 2013}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Rikicin cikin gida a Saudi Arabia</title>
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      <text bytes="9373" sha1="gvokyw4c0uhuug6jqa81mdenr21hdvm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
An kiyasta yaduwar tashin hankali na gida a Saudi Arabia tsakanin 20%-39% ga mata, dangane da yankin da suke zaune. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na mata da suka ziyarci cibiyoyin kulawa na farko a [[Riyadh]] sun fuskanci tashin hankali a cikin gida a shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=AlJuhani |first=Sarah |last2=AlAteeq |first2=Mohammed |date=2020-02-28 |title=Intimate partner violence in Saudi Arabia: A topic of growing interest |journal=Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=481–484 |doi=10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1139_19 |issn=2249-4863 |pmc=7113974 |pmid=32318368 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, Saudi Arabia tana da tsarin kula da mata. Mutum, yawanci miji ko uba, yana da alhakin zaɓin mace. Baya ga iyakance 'yancin mata sosai, wannan yana haifar da matsala ga mata da ke son bayar da rahoton tashin hankali na gida. Kimanin kashi 90% na masu cin zarafin su ma masu kula da mata ne. Sau da yawa ba a yarda mata su yi amfani da wayar ko barin gidan ba tare da izinin mai kula da su ba, yana sa rahoto mai hankali ba zai yiwu ba ga mutane da yawa a cikin yanayi mai cin zarafi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Throneburg Butler |first=Tom |date=2015 |title=The Times: Are They a-Changin'? Saudi Law Finally Addresses Domestic Violence with Its Regulation on Protection from Abuse |url=https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/sites/ilr.law.uiowa.edu/files/2023-02/ILR-100-3-Butler.pdf |journal=[[Iowa Law Review]] |volume=100:1233 |pages=1233–1257}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2013, Saudi Arabia ta haramta tashin hankali na cikin gida a karo na farko bayan kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a na DV. Kudin, wanda ake kira ''Dokar Karewa daga Cin zarafi'', ya aikata laifuka a jiki, tunani, da cin zarafin jima'i, tare da buƙatar ma'aikata su bayar da rahoton duk wani cin zarafin da suka gani a wurin aiki. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jama'a ta kuma kafa Shirin Kare Rikicin Cikin Gida, da kuma wayar tarho ta kasa don bayar da rahoton wadanda ake zargi da cin zarafin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=AlJuhani |first=Sarah |last2=AlAteeq |first2=Mohammed |date=2020-02-28 |title=Intimate partner violence in Saudi Arabia: A topic of growing interest |journal=Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=481–484 |doi=10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1139_19 |issn=2249-4863 |pmc=7113974 |pmid=32318368 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yana da wahala a tabbatar da tasirin da doka ta yi a kan yawan tashin hankali na gida. Rahotanni na abubuwan da suka faru na DV sun karu, wanda mai yiwuwa shine sakamakon karuwar rahoto maimakon karuwar cin zarafi. Akwai matsaloli wajen aiwatar da doka, gami da cikas da tsarin kula da maza da kuma ikon shari'a mai zurfi suka kawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Throneburg Butler |first=Tom |date=2015 |title=The Times: Are They a-Changin'? Saudi Law Finally Addresses Domestic Violence with Its Regulation on Protection from Abuse |url=https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/sites/ilr.law.uiowa.edu/files/2023-02/ILR-100-3-Butler.pdf |journal=[[Iowa Law Review]] |volume=100:1233 |pages=1233–1257}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babban Shari'a a Saudi Arabia ==
Cin zarafin gida a [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] ya fara karɓar hankalin jama'a a shekara ta 2004 bayan wani shahararren mai gabatar da talabijin, Rania al-Baz, mijinta ya buge shi sosai, kuma an buga hotunan fuskarta da ya kumbura a cikin manema labarai. A cewar Al-Baz, mijinta ya buge ta, da niyyar kashe ta, bayan ta amsa wayar ba tare da izininsa ba.

Rikicin da aka yi wa mata da yara a cikin gida ba a gan shi a matsayin batun laifi a Saudi Arabia ba har zuwa 2013. A cikin shekara ta 2008, Firayim Minista ya umarci &quot;ƙungiyoyin kariya ta zamantakewa&quot;, sigar Saudi Arabia ta mafaka ta mata, don fadada manyan biranen Saudiyya da yawa. A wannan shekarar Firayim Minista ya kuma umarci gwamnati da ta tsara dabarun kasa don magance tashin hankali na cikin gida. Wasu tushe na sarauta na Saudiyya, kamar su Cibiyar Tattaunawar Kasa ta Sarki Abdulaziz da Gidauniyar Sarki Khalid, sun kuma jagoranci ilimi da kokarin wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali na cikin gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;washingtonpost.com&quot; /&gt; Shekaru biyar bayan haka, a cikin 2013, Saudi Arabia ta kaddamar da babban yunkurin ta na farko game da tashin hankali na cikin gida, kamfen ɗin talla na &quot;Babu Ƙari&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;washingtonpost.com&quot; /&gt;

A watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, majalisar ministocin Saudiyya ta amince da dokar da ta sanya tashin hankali na gida ya zama laifi a karon farko. Dokar ta bukaci a hukunta shi har zuwa shekara guda a kurkuku da kuma tarar har zuwa rials 50,000 (US $ 13,000).  Za'a iya ninka mafi girman hukunci sau biyu ga masu maimaita laifi. Dokar ta haramta cin zarafin tunani da jima'i, da kuma cin zarafin jima'i. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da tanadin da ke tilasta ma'aikata su ba da rahoton lokuta na cin zarafi a wurin aiki ga ma'aikatansu. Wannan matakin ya biyo bayan kamfen ɗin [[Twitter]]. Sabbin dokoki sun sami maraba daga masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata na Saudiyya.

Adadin shari'o'in cin zarafin da aka ruwaito a kan mata da yara a Saudi Arabia ya kai 2,797 a cikin shekara guda, wata jarida ta bayyana a kan ambaton kididdigar hukuma.

Yawancin tashin hankali na gida ga mata a Saudi Arabia yana da alaƙa da rashin ikon cin gashin kansu a rayuwarsu. Misali na wannan shine kula da namiji, wanda ke buƙatar mace ta sami mai kula da namijin don yin muhimman yanke shawara kamar tafiya, aure da kuma wani lokacin ma'amaloli na shari'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ertürk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Council |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Yakin Ertürk* |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G09/128/22/pdf/G0912822.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=documents.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kula da mata ==
Wani nau'i na tashin hankali na gida wanda ya shahara ga mata a Saudi Arabia shine kula da namiji wanda aka fi sani da Mahram . [1] Wannan tsarin kula da maza yana haifar da mace mai girma da ake bi da ita a matsayin ƙarami tare da ƙaramin iko a rayuwarsu. Wannan tsarin ya dogara ne akan tarurrukan zamantakewa da kuma bukatun addini kodayake babu wata doka ta hukuma da ta ba da umarni.[1] Wadannan nau'ikan ƙuntatawa sun haɗa da tafiya da wanda suka auri. Mata kuma suna samun matsala wajen yin ma'amaloli ba tare da mai kula da su ba kamar sanya hannu kan kwangila don dukiyar haya.[2] Maza masu kula na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mutane iri-iri kamar uba, miji ko ɗa. Kamar yadda Human Rights Watch ta tattauna, wata mace da ta saki wacce mahaifinta ya mutu za ta sami ɗansu a matsayin mai kula da su.[3] A cikin wannan rahoto an sanya wata mace a ƙarƙashin kulawar ɗanta mai shekaru 23.[3]￼

Kamar yadda Yakin Ertürk (Mai ba da rahoto na musamman game da cin zarafin mata) ya tattauna, akwai martani daban-daban ga wannan tsarin daga mata da ke zaune a Saudi Arabia. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa wannan tsarin ya zama dole don kariya kuma suna jin mai kula da su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ertürk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Council |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Yakin Ertürk* |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G09/128/22/pdf/G0912822.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=documents.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa yana iyakance rayuwarsu sosai. Kulawa yana iyakance ikon cin gashin kanta na mata, 'yancin motsi da kuma yin amfani da ikon shari'a a yanayi kamar aure.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ertürk&quot; /&gt; Wannan kuma yana tasiri ga yanke shawara na sirri kamar yanke shawara a cikin al'amuran iyali, ilimi da aiki. Ba tilas ba ne a sami izinin mai kula da namiji don ilimi da aiki amma Cibiyoyin da wasu ma'aikata suna neman hakan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ertürk&quot; /&gt;

Kodayake ba a tilasta wa dokar Saudi Arabiya ba, har yanzu akwai bangarori da yawa na al'umma waɗanda ke buƙatar mai kula don wasu ayyuka na duniya. A cikin rahoton Human Rights Watch na 2008 an lura cewa ko da babu doka game da yanke shawara, masarautar tana ba da wani ɓangare mai yawa na yanke shawara ga mai kula da mace.&lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=19 April 2008 |title=Perpetual Minors Human Rights Abuses Stemming from Male Guardianship and Sex Segregation in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2008/04/19/perpetual-minors/human-rights-abuses-stemming-male-guardianship-and-sex |journal=Human Rights Watch |access-date=5 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yake gwamnati ta dauki matakai don hana irin wannan iyakancewa ga mata, akwai ƙananan shaidu cewa ana aiwatar da su a cikin al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot; /&gt; Ko da a lokuta na hanyoyin kiwon lafiya wanda shine yanke shawara na mutum a wasu ƙasashe, ana barin wannan a kai a kai ga mai kula don yanke shawara ga matar da ake tambaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;HRW&quot; /&gt; Wannan zai kasance musamman idan asibitin ko cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta gudanar da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na addini. Akwai shari'o'in da suka hada da mace da ke fuskantar barazanar fuskantar tuhumar aikata laifuka saboda yin jima'i ba tare da aure ba idan ta shiga asibiti don haihuwa ba tare da mai kula da ita ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew Hammond&quot; /&gt; Kamar yadda ma'aikatan asibiti zasu iya zargin yaron daga zina ne kuma ya sanar da 'yan sanda. 

== Manazarta  ==
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    <title>Janairu 2019 Harbe-harbe na Louisiana</title>
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A ranar 26 ga [[Louisiana]]&quot; id=&quot;mwCw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Ascension Parish, Louisiana&quot;&gt;Hawan Janairun 2019, wani dan bindiga ya harbe shi ya kashe mutane biyar a majami'un Ascension da Livingston, Louisiana, kafin a kama shi a [[Virginia]].

== Abin da ya faru ==
Bayan 'yan makonni kafin lamarin, dangin budurwarsa ne suka dauki Dakota Theriot, bayan iyayensa sun kore shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakota Theriot fled Louisiana to apologize to relatives, attorney says |url=https://www.nola.com/crime/2019/02/dakota-theriot-fled-louisiana-to-apologize-to-relatives-attorney-says.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202223909/https://www.nola.com//crime/2019/02/dakota-theriot-fled-louisiana-to-apologize-to-relatives-attorney-says.html |archive-date=2019-02-02 |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=nola.com |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu bincike sun yi iƙirarin cewa Theriot, ta amfani da bindiga da ya sace daga mahaifinsa, ya kashe 'yan uwan budurwarsa uku a Livingston Parish, kafin ya sace babbar mota ya tuka zuwa makwabcin Ascension Parish kuma ya kashe iyayensa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grueskin |first=Caroline |date=29 January 2019 |title=Louisiana sheriff says 'a monster,' Dakota Theriot, admits killing 5 with stolen gun |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116004112/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |archive-date=2019-11-16 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=The Advocate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deslatte |first=Melinda |last2=Santana |first2=Rebecca |last3=Vincent |first3=Mykal |date=29 January 2019 |title=Autopsy results released for Dakota Theriot's parents |url=https://www.kalb.com/content/news/Sheriff-Suspect-confesses-to-killing-5-used-dads-gun-505031811.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206060615/https://www.kalb.com/content/news/Sheriff-Suspect-confesses-to-killing-5-used-dads-gun-505031811.html |archive-date=2019-12-06 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.kalb.com |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Paris |first=Francesca |date=January 27, 2019 |title=Police Arrest Louisiana Man Suspected Of Killing Parents, Girlfriend and 2 Others |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/27/689140199/louisiana-police-arrest-man-suspected-of-killing-parents-girlfriend-and-2-others |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127174141/https://www.npr.org/2019/01/27/689140199/louisiana-police-arrest-man-suspected-of-killing-parents-girlfriend-and-2-others |archive-date=2019-01-27 |access-date=2019-01-27 |website=[[National Public Radio]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadanda abin ya shafa a Livingston Parish sune Billy Ernest, mai shekaru 43, Summer Ernest, mai shekara 20, da Tanner Ernest, mai myaka 17; Elizabeth da Keith Theriot, dukansu a farkon shekaru hamsin, an kashe su a Gonzales.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hartung |first=Kaylee |last2=Chavez |first2=Nicole |date=26 January 2019 |title=5 dead after shooting spree in Louisiana |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/26/us/louisiana-shootings/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126235825/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/26/us/louisiana-shootings/index.html |archive-date=2019-01-26 |access-date=2019-01-27 |website=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dukkanin wadanda abin ya shafa biyar an harbe su a kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grueskin |first=Caroline |date=2019-01-30 |title=Autopsies for murder suspect Dakota Theriot's parents reveal shots to the head, sheriff says |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/ascension/autopsies-for-murder-suspect-dakota-theriots-parents-reveal-shots-to-the-head-sheriff-says/article_2c8e1702-24e5-11e9-95b4-f74d4688e1fe.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The Advocate |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103104156/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/ascension/autopsies-for-murder-suspect-dakota-theriots-parents-reveal-shots-to-the-head-sheriff-says/article_2c8e1702-24e5-11e9-95b4-f74d4688e1fe.html |archive-date=2025-11-03 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makwabcin iyalin Ernest ya gaya wa manema labarai cewa yaran Ernest guda biyu da suka tsira; masu shekaru 7 da 1, sun gudu zuwa gidanta don kiran 9-1-1 kuma ba su ji rauni a lamarin ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bacon |first=John |date=January 27, 2019 |title=Dakota Theriot, suspect in 5 killings in Louisiana, arrested in Virginia |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/01/27/louisiana-shooting-deaths/2694185002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127165303/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/01/27/louisiana-shooting-deaths/2694185002/ |archive-date=2019-01-27 |access-date=2019-01-27 |website=USA TODAY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yan sanda sun sami Elizabeth da Keith Theriot da rai a gidansu bayan Keith ya kira 911. Keith ya bayyana ɗansa a matsayin mai harbi. Ma'auratan daga baya sun mutu a asibiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot; /&gt;

Bayan farautar mutum na tsawon rana, 'Yan sanda na Jihar Virginia sun kama Theriot a Richmond County, Virginia, kimanin mil 1,000 (1,600  daga wurin mikawa laifuka, &lt;ref name=&quot;npr&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TheriotArrestPeopleMagPasquini&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pasquini |first=Maria |date=January 27, 2018 |title=Louisiana Man Suspected of Shooting 5 — Including His Parents &amp; Girlfriend — Arrested in Virginia |url=https://people.com/crime/louisnana-man-suspected-shooting-5-arrested-virgina/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128004130/https://people.com/crime/louisnana-man-suspected-shooting-5-arrested-virgina/amp/ |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |access-date=January 27, 2018 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin hanyar gidan kakarsa a Warsaw. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grueskin |first=Caroline |date=29 January 2019 |title=Louisiana sheriff says 'a monster,' Dakota Theriot, admits killing 5 with stolen gun |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116004112/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |archive-date=2019-11-16 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=The Advocate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An yi zargin cewa ya nuna bindigar a kan jami'an, yana ƙoƙarin sa ya harbe shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheAdvocate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DeRobertis |first=Jacqueline |date=24 June 2019 |title=Report: Dakota Theriot said he killed 5 people in 'pure, cold blood;' attorney says trial may be halted |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_8f0e9804-96d5-11e9-9752-2bb8582d6512.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206055911/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_8f0e9804-96d5-11e9-9752-2bb8582d6512.html |archive-date=2019-12-06 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=The Advocate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WBRZ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy: Theriot admitted to killing 5 in 'pure, cold blood' |url=https://www.wbrz.com/news/deputy-theriot-admitted-to-killing-5-in-pure-cold-blood-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206055832/https://www.wbrz.com/news/deputy-theriot-admitted-to-killing-5-in-pure-cold-blood-/ |archive-date=2019-12-06 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=WBRZ |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ruwaito cewa ya tafi can don &quot;hug da sumbace kawunsa biyu da kakarsa&quot; kuma bai yi yaƙi da extradition ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Mai aikata laifin ==
Dakota Michael Theriot mai shekaru 21 (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1997) [1] an gano shi a matsayin wanda ake zargi a cikin harbe-harbe. Ya riga ya yi hulɗa da doka da kuma gajeren lokacin da ba a son rai ba. Abokai da dangi sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya ba da rahoton jin muryoyi, ya yi barazanar ƙone gidan iyayensa, kuma tsohuwar matarsa ta yi iƙiri ga 'yan sanda na Kenner cewa yana da schizophrenic.[2] Tsohuwar matarsa ta kuma gabatar da ikirarin cin zarafi a duk lokacin da suke da alaƙa da shekaru uku da auren kwana goma sha ɗaya. A wani sauraron kotu da ke neman umarni na kariya a kan Theriot, ta yi zargin cewa ba wai kawai ya gurgunta ta ba, ya buge ta, kuma ya buge ta duka, har ma ya karya wuyan hannu lokacin da ya jefa ta ta taga. Da yake jayayya da matar ba ta tabbatar da zargin da ta yi ba, alƙalin ya rushe umarnin kariya na wucin gadi daga Theriot; alƙalin a maimakon haka ya umarci bangarorin biyu ba su da wata hulɗa da juna ta hanyar umarnin hadin gwiwa.[3]￼

Theriot ya furta harbi ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kama shi, yana mai cewa ya yi shi da &quot;tsarkakewa, jini mai sanyi,&quot; a cewar mataimakin da ya ba da shaida a kotu.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheAdvocate&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WBRZ&quot;/&gt;

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, ya shigar da karar da ba shi da laifi a kan laifuka uku na kisan kai na farko a Livingston Parish kuma daga baya ya shiga wannan roƙon don laifuka biyu na kisan gilla na farko a Ascension Parish wata daya bayan haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grueskin |first=Caroline |date=29 January 2019 |title=Louisiana sheriff says 'a monster,' Dakota Theriot, admits killing 5 with stolen gun |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116004112/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |archive-date=2019-11-16 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=The Advocate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lauyoyinsa sun nemi alƙalin Ascension Parish ya dakatar da shari'ar har sai an sami hanyoyin samun kudade don kare shi, saboda suna aiki pro bono a watan da ya gabata kuma Theriot [[Talauci|matalauta]] ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=David |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Lawyers for accused killer Dakota Theriot request funding for his defense, halt in prosecution |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/ascension/article_564e9b60-6a91-11e9-8b21-0f0bf88e4510.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511195359/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/ascension/article_564e9b60-6a91-11e9-8b21-0f0bf88e4510.html |archive-date=2019-05-11 |access-date=2019-05-11 |website=The Advocate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2023, Theriot ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka kuma an yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grueskin |first=Caroline |date=29 January 2019 |title=Louisiana sheriff says 'a monster,' Dakota Theriot, admits killing 5 with stolen gun |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116004112/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/crime_police/article_300ca8b8-23d6-11e9-9ece-0712638679f3.html |archive-date=2019-11-16 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=The Advocate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deslatte |first=Melinda |last2=Santana |first2=Rebecca |last3=Vincent |first3=Mykal |date=29 January 2019 |title=Autopsy results released for Dakota Theriot's parents |url=https://www.kalb.com/content/news/Sheriff-Suspect-confesses-to-killing-5-used-dads-gun-505031811.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206060615/https://www.kalb.com/content/news/Sheriff-Suspect-confesses-to-killing-5-used-dads-gun-505031811.html |archive-date=2019-12-06 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.kalb.com |language=english}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin harbe-harbe a Amurka a cikin 2019

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>9nb5ennya47bj4lfe4hnd9r7dri6wle</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jerin hanyoyi a Uganda</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:14:25Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="33865" sha1="f4xlprm835thnnu11n4xv485yk09ffv" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Waɗannan sune jerin tituna ko kuma '''Hanyoyin ƙasa a Uganda''', waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Kula da Hanyoyi ta Ƙasa ta Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=28 July 2017 |title=Overview of UNRA |url=http://www.unra.go.ug/about/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA) |archive-date=27 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727232345/http://www.unra.go.ug/about/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jerin ba cikakke ba ne.

== Hanyoyin ƙasa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+List of national roads In Uganda
!Number
!Name of road
!Distance
!Designated
!Completed
|-
|1
|Kampala Northern Bypass Highway
|{{Convert|24|km|0}}
|
|2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frederic Musisi |date=6 March 2013 |title=Northern Bypass upgrade to start next financial year |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/Northern-Bypass-upgrade-to-start-next-financial-year/-/688610/1712156/-/1dgjloz/-/index.html |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Kampala–Jinja Highway
|{{Convert|86|km|0}}
|
|
|-
|3
|Entebbe–Kampala Expressway&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ojambo |first=Fred |date=10 November 2009 |title=China to Build, Manage Toll Road in Ugandan Capital (Update1) |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&amp;sid=apRMn6epIhMU |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=David Rupiny |date=21 November 2012 |title=Museveni Launches Construction of Kampala-Entebbe Expressway |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=47583 |access-date=18 July 2015 |website=[[Uganda Radio Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=New Vision |date=15 June 2018 |title=Entebbe Express Highway Breathes Life |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1479745/entebbe-express-highway-breathes-life |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
|Gayaza–Ziroobwe Road&lt;ref name=&quot;Bitumen&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baguma |first=Raymond |date=25 November 2008 |title=Uganda: Gayaza Road Gets Tarmac |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200811260062.html |access-date=24 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2008&lt;ref name=&quot;Bitumen&quot; /&gt;
|2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mena Report |date=14 July 2011 |title=UGANDA: Conclusion of Gayaza-Zirobwe road construction |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-261338716.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329170212/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-261338716.html |archive-date=29 March 2015 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Highbeam.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|5
|Matugga–Kapeeka Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frederick Kiwanuka |date=22 January 2009 |title=New road to boost Nakaseke agriculture |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1228437/road-boost-nakaseke-agriculture |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|-
|6
|Kabale–Kisoro–Bunagana Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Uganda National Roads Authority |date=17 July 2015 |title=Kabale-Kisoro-Bunagana Road (100KM) |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=255:kabale-kisoro-bunagana-road-100km&amp;catid=45:completed-projects&amp;Itemid=69 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034857/https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=255%3Akabale-kisoro-bunagana-road-100km&amp;catid=45%3Acompleted-projects&amp;Itemid=69 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 July 2015 |website=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Samuel Balagadde |date=7 October 2012 |title=Kabale-Kisoro road upgraded |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636068-kabale-kisoro-road-upgraded.html |access-date=11 July 2015 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|7
|Kabarole–Bundibugyo Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Billy Rwothungeyo |date=24 June 2013 |title=Fort Portal-Bundibugyo-Lamia road almost complete |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/644285-fort-portal-bundibugyo-lamia-road-almost-complete.html |access-date=11 July 2015 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|-
|8
|Gulu–Nimule Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Martin Okudi and Cissy Makumbi |date=3 March 2013 |title=Locals protest over dust on Gulu-Nimule highway |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Locals-protest-over-dust-on-Gulu-Nimule-highway/-/688334/1710416/-/tx8lipz/-/index.html |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=[[Daily Monitor]] |archive-date=30 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130140640/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Locals-protest-over-dust-on-Gulu-Nimule-highway/-/688334/1710416/-/tx8lipz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sudan Tribune |date=11 May 2012 |title=Ugandan president commissions Gulu-Juba highway |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article42552 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|9
|Mbarara Northern Bypass Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aidah Nanyonjo |date=26 May 2010 |title=Mbarara gets sh459b bypass |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1289569/mbarara-sh459b-bypass |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joshua Nahamya |date=1 March 2015 |title=Mbarara Bypass Construction Underway |url=http://chimpreports.com/mbarara-bypass-construction-underway |access-date=11 July 2015 |website=Chimpreports.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|10
|Hoima–Kaiso–Tonya Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Francis Mugerwa |date=2 July 2013 |title=Oil opens new chapter for Hoima residents |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Oil-opens-new-chapter-for-Hoima-residents/-/688342/1901520/-/c36gqtz/-/index.html |access-date=11 July 2015 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=New Vision |date=11 August 2011 |title=Hoima-Kaiso Tonya road works start |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1006884/hoima-kaiso-tonya-road-start |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oil In Uganda |date=17 December 2014 |title=Hoima-Kaiso Tonya road completed |url=http://www.oilinuganda.org/features/economy/hoima-kaiso-tonya-road-completed.html |access-date=11 July 2015 |website=Oilinuganda.org |archive-date=29 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629083423/http://www.oilinuganda.org/features/economy/hoima-kaiso-tonya-road-completed.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|11
|Mukono–Katosi Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alinange |first=Daniel |date=20 January 2015 |title=Press Release: CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DISMISSES EUTAW/APOLO SENKEETO APPLICATION TO STOP MUKONO-KYETUME –KATOSI ROAD PROJECT |url=https://www.facebook.com/UgandaNationalRoadsAuthority/posts/784401508314903:0 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA) via [[Facebook.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yoweri Museveni Facebook Page |date=7 July 2014 |title=President Museveni commissions Ugshs 165 bn Mukono-Katosi/Kisoga-Nyenga road works, calls on Ugandans to concentrate on household incomes, July 7th 2014 |url=https://www.facebook.com/kagutamuseveni/posts/770134626358453 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[Facebook.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Uganda State House |date=7 July 2014 |title=President commissions Shs 165 billion Mukono-Katosi road works, tells Ugandans to concentrate on household income |url=http://www.statehouse.go.ug/media/news/2014/07/07/president-commissions-shs-165-billion-mukono-katosi-road-works-tells-ugandans- |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda State House Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|12
|Vurra–Oraba Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Batre |first=Ronald |date=19 December 2014 |title=UNRA fails to Beat December Deadline for Vurra-Arua-Koboko-Oraba Road |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/unra-fails-to-beat-december-deadline-for-vurra-arua-koboko-oraba-road |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=USHMU |date=11 May 2012 |title=Use the road for making wealth – President urges West Nile people |url=http://www.statehouse.go.ug/media/news/2012/05/11/use-road-making-wealth-%E2%80%93-president-urges-west-nile-people |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda State House Media Unit (USHMU)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2015 (expected)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |title=ongoing major projects |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=474&amp;Itemid=66 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA) |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040849/https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=474&amp;Itemid=66 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|13
|Hoima–Wanseko Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rwothungeyo |first=Billy |date=2 January 2015 |title=Hoima-Butiaba-Wanseko road for upgrade |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/651047-hoima-butiaba-wanseko-road-for-upgrade.html |access-date=11 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kasaija |first=Matia |date=11 June 2015 |title=Full Budget Speech 2015/2016 |url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/business/12/jun/2015/full-budget-speech-20152016-6657 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=NTV Uganda |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070817/http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/business/12/jun/2015/full-budget-speech-20152016-6657 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|14
|Moroto–Nakapiripirit Road
|
|
|2016 (expected)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wanyama |first=Olandason |date=12 November 2013 |title=Moroto - Nakapiripirit Road Construction Commissioned |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=58024 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|15
|Mbarara–Kikagati Road
|{{Convert|74|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=11 July 2015 |title=Travel Distance Between Mbarara And Kikagati With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Mbarara%2C%20Western%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Kikagati%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJ49OcDbIb2RkRGcUA7OoNOog&amp;dt2=ChIJz9SXVn7Y2xkRZ_9N-UG9Rak |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UMWT |date=11 July 2015 |title=Upgrade of Mbarara – Kikagati – Murongo Bridge (74 Km) |url=http://works.go.ug/index.php/component/k2/item/23-upgrade-mbarara-kikagati-murongo-bridge-74-km |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712090457/http://works.go.ug/index.php/component/k2/item/23-upgrade-mbarara-kikagati-murongo-bridge-74-km |archive-date=12 July 2015 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda Ministry of Works &amp; Transport (UMWT)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Administrator |date=2 October 2014 |title=Mbarara-Kikagati-Murongo Bridge Road Completed |url=http://chimpreports.com/mbarara-kikagati-murongo-bridge-road-completed |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Chimpreports.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|16
|Masaka–Bukakata Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mugera |first=Isaac |date=16 May 2008 |title=Hundreds Stranded On Blocked Masaka–Bukakata Road |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com.dedi3883.your-server.de/a/story.php?s=16492 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|41|km|mi}}
|
|
|-
|17
|Rukungiri–Kanungu Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oirere |first=Shem |date=September 2014 |title=Two new road links will help boost Uganda's economy |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/categories/road-highway-structures/features/two-new-road-links-will-help-boost-ugandas-economy |access-date=12 July 2015 |publisher=Worldhighways.com }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|-
|18
|Ishaka–Kagamba Road
|
|2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=30 June 2012 |title=ISHAKA-KAGAMBA ROAD (35.4KM) |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=267%3Aishaka-kagamba-road-354km&amp;catid=43%3Aon-going-projects&amp;Itemid=66 |access-date=12 July 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA) |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713070321/https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=267%3Aishaka-kagamba-road-354km&amp;catid=43%3Aon-going-projects&amp;Itemid=66 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2015 (expected)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=31 March 2015 |title=Uganda National Roads Authority: Update of Ongoing Major Projects |url=http://www.eagle.co.ug/ads/UNRA2015.pdf |access-date=12 July 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA) |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232311/http://www.eagle.co.ug/ads/UNRA2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|19
|Ntungamo–Mirama Hills Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfred Tumushabe |first=and Perez Rumanzi |date=8 October 2015 |title=Museveni commissions Ntungamo-Mirama road |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni-commissions-Ntungamo-Mirama-road/-/688334/2478210/-/13hs2qcz/-/index.html |access-date=14 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TMEA |date=6 October 2014 |title=Ntungamo-Mirama Hills Ground Breaking road ceremony expected to boost cross border trade between Uganda and Rwanda |url=https://www.trademarkea.com/news/ntungamo-mirama-hills-ground-breaking-road-ceremony-expected-to-boost-cross-border-trade-between-uganda-and-rwanda |access-date=14 July 2015 |publisher=TradeMark East Africa (TMEA) |archive-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715075825/https://www.trademarkea.com/news/ntungamo-mirama-hills-ground-breaking-road-ceremony-expected-to-boost-cross-border-trade-between-uganda-and-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|20
|Kayunga–Galiraya Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=ADB |date=July 2009 |title=African Development Fund: Uganda - Road Sector Support Project 3: Project Appraisal Report |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Uganda_-_Road_Sector_Support_Project_3_-_Appraisal_Report.pdf |access-date=15 July 2015 |publisher=[[African Development Bank]] (ADB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=28 July 2009 |title=Road Sector Support Project (Phase III) In Uganda: Feasibility Study And Detailed Engineering Design |url=https://www.devex.com/projects/tenders/road-sector-support-project-phase-iii-in-uganda-feasibility-study-and-detailed-engineering-design/34683 |access-date=15 July 2015 |publisher=Devex.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2016 (expected)&lt;ref name=&quot;Expected&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Administrator |date=4 November 2014 |title=UNRA to begin works on 16 roads next year |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/news/201411/unra-to-begin-works-on-16-roads-next-year.html |access-date=15 July 2015 |publisher=Sunrise.ug}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|21
|Mbale–Lwakhakha Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Robert Ndyabarema |display-authors=etal |date=November 2013 |title=Bumbobi-Bubulo-Lwakhakha Road: Environment And Social Impact Statement (ESIS) - Updated Final Report November 2013 |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/Uganda_-_Upgrading_of_Mbale__Bumbobi_-Bubulo-Lwakhakha_Road_-_ESIA_Report.pdf |access-date=15 July 2015 |publisher=[[African Development Bank]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2016 (expected)&lt;ref name=&quot;Expected&quot; /&gt;
|
|-
|22
|Acholibur–Olwiyo Road&lt;ref name=&quot;Italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=AICPI |date=April 2013 |title=Feasibility Study, Detailed Engineering Design, Tender Assistance And Project Management for The Upgrading to Bituminous Standards of Lot A: (i) Rwenkunye-Apac-Lira-Kitgum-Musingo (350 km) And (ii) Olwiyo-Gulu-Kitgum (167 km) |url=http://www.aicprogetti.it/en/progetti/strada-rwenkunye-apac-lira-kitgum-musingo-olwiyo-gulu-kitgum |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Aicprogetti.it (AICPI)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2015&lt;ref name=&quot;Launch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Komakech |first=Dan Michael |date=23 February 2015 |title=Museveni launches road works |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni--launches--road--works/-/688334/2632064/-/9cjcp8/-/index.html |access-date=15 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2018 (expected)&lt;ref name=&quot;Launch&quot; /&gt;
|-
|23
|Rwekunye–Musingo Road&lt;ref name=&quot;Italy&quot; /&gt;
|
|2015&lt;ref name=&quot;Launch&quot; /&gt;
|TBD&lt;ref name=&quot;Launch&quot; /&gt;
|-
|24
|Nyakahita–Fort Portal Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nanyonjo A. |first=Balagadde S. |date=1 September 2010 |title=Four firms bid for Kamwenge road works |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1283594/firms-bid-kamwenge-road |access-date=24 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|208|km|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Go&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Press Release |date=27 February 2015 |title=President Launches Construction of Kamwenge–Fort Portal Road |url=http://mediacentre.go.ug/press-release/president-launches-construction-kamwenge-%E2%80%93fort-portal-road |access-date=25 July 2015 |publisher=Uganda Media Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260814153006/https://mediacentre.go.ug/press-release/president-launches-construction-kamwenge-%25E2%2580%2593fort-portal-road |archive-date=14 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2016&lt;ref name=&quot;Three3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=EAAB |date=January 2015 |title=IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NRM – MANIFESTO 2011-2016 |url=http://ea-agribusiness.co.ug/implementation-of-the-nrm-manifesto-2011-2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715041608/http://ea-agribusiness.co.ug/implementation-of-the-nrm-manifesto-2011-2016/ |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=25 July 2015 |publisher=East Africa Agribusiness (EAAB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|25
|Mpigi–Sembabule Road
|{{Convert|135|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=4 August 2015 |title=Map Showing Mpigi And Sembabule With Route Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Mpigi%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Sembabule%20Town%20Coucil%20Polling%20Station%2C%20Sembabule%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJ35TCKA91fRcRQZ2yqHnSj48&amp;dt2=ChIJv1Wqn5MF2BkRGDX_nNSB1DA |access-date=4 August 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2014&lt;ref name=&quot;Implmnt&quot; /&gt;
|2017&lt;ref name=&quot;Implmnt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=EAAB |date=12 July 2015 |title=Implementation of the NRM Manifesto 2011-2016: Mpigi–Kabulasoke–Maddu–Sembabule Road And Sembale–Villa Maria Road |url=http://ea-agribusiness.co.ug/implementation-of-the-nrm-manifesto-2011-2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715041608/http://ea-agribusiness.co.ug/implementation-of-the-nrm-manifesto-2011-2016/ |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=4 August 2015 |publisher=East Africa Agribusiness (EAAB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|26
|Kigumba–Kabwoya Road
|{{Convert|135|km|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Study&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ADB |date=May 2013 |title=Upgrading of Kigumba–Masindi–Hoima–Kabwoya Road (135Km): General Procurement Notice |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Procurement/Project-related-Procurement/Uganda%20-%20Upgrading%20of%20Kigumba%E2%80%93Masindi-Hoima%E2%80%93Kabwoya%20%20-%20GPN.pdf |access-date=4 August 2015 |publisher=[[African Development Bank]] (ADB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rwothungeyo |first=Billy |date=10 June 2013 |title=Kigumba-Masindi-Hoima road to be upgraded to tarmac |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/643758-kigumba-masindi-hima-road-to-be-upgraded-to-tarmac.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|27
|Musita–Busia Road
|{{Convert|105|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=EAAB |date=March 2015 |title=UNRA PAVES 1200KM ROADS; 5,000KM FOR TARMACKING BY 2016 |url=http://ea-agribusiness.co.ug/unra-paves-1200km-roads-5000km-for-tarmacking-by-2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712134336/http://ea-agribusiness.co.ug/unra-paves-1200km-roads-5000km-for-tarmacking-by-2016/ |archive-date=12 July 2015 |access-date=4 August 2015 |publisher=East African Agribusiness (EAAB)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2015&lt;ref name=&quot;Inside&quot; /&gt;
|2017&lt;ref name=&quot;Inside&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=The Insider Reporter |date=23 February 2015 |title=Enthusiasm as Mayuge welcomes Museveni |url=http://www.theinsider.ug/enthusiasm-as-mayuge-welcomes-museveni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723033301/http://www.theinsider.ug/enthusiasm-as-mayuge-welcomes-museveni/ |archive-date=23 July 2015 |access-date=4 August 2015 |publisher=The Insider (Uganda)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|28
|Mubende–Kagadi Road
|
|2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mugerwa |first=Francis |date=4 May 2015 |title=Kagina will rid UNRA of den of thieves, says Museveni |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kagina-will-rid-UNRA-of-den-of-thieves--says-Museveni/-/688334/2705382/-/dlfaftz/-/index.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|29
|Kyenjojo–Kabwoya Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=14 January 2013 |title=Specific Procurement Notice: Upgrading of Kyenjojo-Kabwoya Road (100km) from Gravel to Paved (Bituminous) Standard |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/images/stories/tenders/proc_notice.pdf |access-date=25 August 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA) |archive-date=23 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123111658/https://www.unra.go.ug/images/stories/tenders/proc_notice.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Namutebi |first=Joyce |date=7 January 2014 |title=Govt seeks sh290b loan from World Bank |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/651204-govt-seeks-sh290b-loan-from-world-bank.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|-
|30
|Ziroobwe–Wobulenzi Road
|{{Convert|24|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=25 August 2015 |title=Map Showing Ziroobwe And Wobulenzi With Route Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Zirobwe%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Wobulenzi%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJ_ad3QTlHfBcRh48CoDncNEY&amp;dt2=ChIJGdFYprZcfBcRptRIxJVtlwI |access-date=25 August 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|31
|Tororo–Mbale–Soroti Road.&lt;ref name=&quot;Delayed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sekanjako |first=Henry |date=25 July 2012 |title=Delayed Tororo-Mbale-Soroti road to cost more money |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/633376-delayed-tororo-mbale-soroti-road-to-cost-more-money.html |access-date=29 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|158|km|mi}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=29 August 2015 |title=Road Distance Between Tororo And Soroti With Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Tororo%2C%20Eastern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Soroti%2C%20Eastern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJRQ1SWT5rfxcRHKUwuxEqdEY&amp;dt2=ChIJVzXWw_-5eRcR-S68lCiiI3k |access-date=29 August 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2010&lt;ref name=&quot;Delayed&quot; /&gt;
|2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Newvision |date=29 August 2015 |title=Infrastructure devt will solve youth unemployment – President |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/672794-infrastructure-devt-will-solve-youth-unemployment-president.html |access-date=29 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|32
|Mbarara–Ntungamo–Kabale–Katuna Road&lt;ref name=&quot;Grant&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Faridah Kulabako. |first=and John Njoroge |date=30 December 2010 |title=Mbarara-Katuna road Gets Shs325b |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/-/688610/1080646/-/bwxnb2/-/index.html |access-date=17 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|125|km|mi}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Grant&quot; /&gt;
|2011&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maseruka |first=Josephine |date=2 January 2012 |title=Corruption cited In Mbarara-Katuna road reconstruction |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/628126-corruption-cited-in-mbarara-katuna-road-reconstruction.html |access-date=17 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|33
|Soroti–Dokolo–Lira Road
|{{Convert|125|km|mi}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=17 December 2015 |title=Road Distance Between Soroti And Lira With Interactive Map |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Soroti%2C%20Eastern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Lira%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJVzXWw_-5eRcR-S68lCiiI3k&amp;dt2=ChIJD4MBzJ-wcBcRlyfrgw_T_N0 |access-date=17 December 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2007&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kiwawulo |first=Chris |date=29 March 2007 |title=Soroti-Lira Road Works for May |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/17/556856 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222135822/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/17/556856 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nankya |first=Vivian |date=7 June 2009 |title=Soroti-Lira road to be ready on time |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/683926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630192507/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/683926 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=2010 |title=Soroti–Dokolo–Lira Road (123 Km) |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=261:soroti-dokolo--lira-road-123km&amp;catid=45:completed-projects&amp;Itemid=69 |access-date=17 December 2015 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA) |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033002/https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=261:soroti-dokolo--lira-road-123km&amp;catid=45:completed-projects&amp;Itemid=69 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|34
|Kapchorwa–Suam Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murumba |first=Stellar |date=31 December 2015 |title=Kenya, Uganda seek transport corridor funds with eye on trade |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya--Uganda-seek-transport-corridor-funds-with-eye-on-trade/-/2560/3014256/-/136xd56z/-/index.html |access-date=31 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|77|km|mi}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |title=Road Distance Between Kapchorwa And Suam With Route Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kapchorwa%2C%20Eastern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Suam%20Church%20of%20Uganda%2C%20Kongasis%2C%20Eastern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJ4ZTVWRKDeBcRTFBzeAS91yo&amp;dt2=ChIJUQshGAATghcRA4PEKmLe9RI |access-date=31 December 2015 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2016 (expected)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stellar Murumba |first=and Mark Keith Muhumuza |date=1 January 2016 |title=Uganda seeks Shs270b for Kapchorwa-Suam road to boost regional trade |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/Uganda-seeks-Shs270b-for-Kapchorwa-Suam-road-/-/688606/3016962/-/9tx7k6z/-/index.html |access-date=1 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|35
|Muyembe–Nakapiripirit Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nakatudde |first=Olive |date=11 March 2015 |title=Parliament Okays Shs330billion Loan for Nakapiripirit Road |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/parliament-okays-shs330billion-loan-for-nakapiripirit-road |access-date=21 January 2016 |publisher=Uganda Radio Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|117|km|mi}}
|2016 (expected)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=IDB |date=6 December 2015 |title=Tenders Opportunities for Projects Financed by IDB: Tender Title: SPN - CIVIL WORKS FOR THE UPGRADING OF 92KM MUYEMBE – NAKAPIRIPIRIT ROAD AND 25KM SECONDARY LINK ROADS |url=http://www.isdb.org/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://c4c82693972e67d65ff0a824931a31fd&amp;LightDTNKnobID=322071124 |access-date=8 January 2016 |publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]] |archive-date=30 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130003257/http://www.isdb.org/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://c4c82693972e67d65ff0a824931a31fd&amp;LightDTNKnobID=322071124 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|36
|Jinja–Kamuli–Mbulamuti Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kiirya |first=Donald |date=17 February 2012 |title=Jinja residents riot over road |url=http://www.crossroads.co.ug/index.php/library/65.html?fontstyle=f-larger |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127180606/http://www.crossroads.co.ug/index.php/library/65.html?fontstyle=f-larger |archive-date=27 January 2016 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=www.crossroads.co.ug quoting [[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vision Reporter |date=4 March 2015 |title=What is NRM's better service delivery in practice? |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1321758/nrm-service-delivery-practice |access-date=10 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|37
|Mukono–Kayunga–Njeru Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NTV |date=7 June 2015 |title=Road Expansion: Mukono, Kayunga residents to be compensated |url=https://www.facebook.com/NTVUganda/posts/862530217128767 |access-date=11 January 2016 |publisher=[[Facebook.com]] Quoting [[Nation Media Group|Nation TV Uganda]] (NTV)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|94|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kezaabu |first=Carol |date=30 December 2014 |title=The following roads will commence in 2015 |url=https://www.facebook.com/UgandaNationalRoadsAuthority/posts/770412726380448 |access-date=21 January 2016 |publisher=Uganda National Roads Authority |via=[[Facebook]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|38
|Soroti–Katakwi–Moroto–Lokitanyala Road&lt;ref name=&quot;SKMLRd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=UNRA |date=19 January 2016 |title=Upcoming Projects: New Roads for Upgrade to Tarmac |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/index.php/projects/upcoming |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120025132/http://www.unra.go.ug/index.php/projects/upcoming |archive-date=20 January 2016 |access-date=19 January 2016 |publisher=[[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|208|km|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;SKMLRd&quot; /&gt;
|
|
|-
|39
|Ntungamo–Rukungiri Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vision Reporter |date=30 January 2001 |title=Firms Bid For Rukungiri Road |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1040840/firms-bid-rukungiri-road |access-date=24 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|52|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=24 January 2016 |title=Distance between Ntungamo, Western Region, Uganda and Rukungiri Court, Rukungiri, Western Region, Uganda |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Ntungamo%2C%20Western%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Rukungiri%20Court%2C%20Rukungiri%2C%20Western%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJARfQKZJO2RkR_kG4rhhOlUk&amp;dt2=ChIJw7t9yX_H3hkRbUNJUnh9Xzk |access-date=24 January 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2004&lt;ref name=&quot;Besigye&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alfred Tumushabe |first=and Perez Rumanzi |date=13 November 2015 |title=Uganda: Besigye Condemns Museveni On Roads |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201511131560.html |access-date=24 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2005&lt;ref name=&quot;Besigye&quot; /&gt;
|-
|40
|Soroti–Amuria–Abim–Kotido Road&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vision Reporter |date=22 September 2011 |title=Motorists angry over Kotido road |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1001261/news-brief |access-date=11 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|192|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=11 February 2016 |title=Distance between Soroti, Eastern Region, Uganda and Kotido, Northern Region, Uganda |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Soroti%2C%20Eastern%20Region%2C%20Uganda&amp;toplace=Kotido%2C%20Northern%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&amp;dt1=ChIJVzXWw_-5eRcR-S68lCiiI3k&amp;dt2=ChIJNVqRjwRzdhcRk-dfIaB9bQA |access-date=11 February 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
|41
|Kampala–Mpigi Expressway&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musisi |first=Frederic |date=30 December 2016 |title=Kampala-Mpigi Expressway project kicks off in 2018 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kampala-Mpigi-Expressway--project-kicks-2018/688334-3501922-c8okog/index.html |access-date=28 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Convert|36|km|0}}
|2023 (expected)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wanyenya |first=Prisca |date=9 May 2014 |title=UNRA Announces Changes on Kampala-Entebbe Express Highway |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/unra-announces-changes-on-kampala-entebbe-express-highway |access-date=11 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|42
|Lusalira–Nkonge–Lumegere–Sembabule Road
|{{Convert|97|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Global Data |date=13 July 2018 |title=UNRA – Lusalira to Ssembabule Road Upgrade – Uganda |url=https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/unra-lusalira-to-ssembabule-road-upgrade-uganda/ |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Globaldata.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ismail Musa Ladu |date=28 February 2022 |title=All oil roads will be ready by 2025, says Kagina |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/technology/all-oil-roads-will-be-ready-by-2025-says-kagina--3732408 |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|43
|Nakawuka–Kasanje–Mpigi Road
|{{Convert|34|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hafitha Issa |date=9 June 2019 |title=Gov't to Tarmac Mpigi-Kasanje-Nakawuka Road |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/govt-to-tarmac-mpigi-kasanje-nakawuka-road |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[Uganda Radio Network]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kenneth Kazibwe |date=10 August 2021 |title=Museveni directs UNRA to award six road projects to Chinese companies |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/08/10/museveni-directs-unra-to-award-six-road-projects-to-chinese-companies/ |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Nile Post Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|44
|Kitgum–Kidepo Road
|{{Convert|116|km|0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Apollo Mubiru |date=1 May 2024 |title=Parliament Approves Sh450 Billion Loan For Kitgum-Kidepo Road |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/parliament-approves-sh450b-loan-for-kitgum-ki-NV_187050 |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=[[New Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2024
|
|-
|45
|Kabwoya–Buhuka Road
|{{Convert|43|km|0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;B3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elizabeth L. Sule Kusasira |date=4 September 2024 |title=Kabwoya-Buhuka Road Upgrade Commences, Set To Boost Oil Production And Economy |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/news/kabwoya-buhuka-road-upgrade-commences-set-to-boost-oil-production-and-economy |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=[[Uganda  National Roads Authority]] |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202200101/https://www.unra.go.ug/news/kabwoya-buhuka-road-upgrade-commences-set-to-boost-oil-production-and-economy |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|2024
|2027&lt;ref name=&quot;B3R&quot; /&gt;
|-
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Wannan jerin ayyukan diflomasiyya ne na [[Myanmar]]. Myanmar (wanda aka fi sani da [[Myanmar|Burma]]) yana da ɗan gajeren diflomasiyya a duniya, yana nuna shekarun da suka gabata na [[Isolationism|warewa]] kansa.

Gwamnatin hadin kan kasa tana da ofisoshin wakilai a kasashe da yawa, a kan ofisoshin jakadancin da ke tallafawa ko jure wa Majalisar Gudanar da Jiha.
[[Fayil:Diplomatic_missions_of_Myanmar.PNG|center|thumb|500x500px| Ofishin Jakadun Myanmar Ofishin jakadancin Ofishin Jakudancin Kasuwanci Ofishin Jakadisi na girmamawa      ]]

== Ayyukan diflomasiyya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Africa
|-
!Host country
!Host city
!Mission
!Head of mission
!Concurrent accreditation
!References
|-
|{{Flag|Egypt}}
|[[Kairo|Cairo]]
|Embassy
|Kyaw Tin Shein, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Algeria}}|{{Flag|Iraq}}|{{Flag|Morocco}}|{{Flag|Sudan}}|{{Flag|Turkey}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myanmar Missions Abroad |url=https://www.mofa.gov.mm/mofa-3/myanmar-missions/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Cairo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mecairo.org/en/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar / Cairo, The Arab Republic of Egypt |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814145152/http://www.mecairo.org/en/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|[[Addis Ababa]]
|Embassy
|Aung Min Oo, ''Ambassador''
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|South Africa}}
|[[Pretoria]]
|Embassy
|''Vacant''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Ghana}}|{{Flag|Kenya}}|{{Flag|Malawi}}|{{Flag|Mauritius}}|{{Flag|Nigeria}}|{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Pretoria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.myanmarembassypretoria.com/ |access-date=12 March 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Pretoria }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DIRCO-RepsinRSA-M&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Foreign Representation in South Africa |url=https://dirco.gov.za/foreign-representation-in-south-africa-m/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=[[Department of International Relations and Cooperation|Department of International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MFDAKen-DD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2025 |title=Directory of Diplomatic Corps and International Organizations 2024/2025 |url=https://mfa.go.ke/sites/default/files/articles/DIPLOMATIC%20DIRECTORY%20READY%20FOR%20PUBLICATION%202024-%202025%20(1).pdf |access-date=28 July 2025 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs (Kenya)]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Americas
|-
!Host country
!Host city
!Mission
!Head of mission
!Concurrent accreditation
!References
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|[[Brasilia|Brasília]]
|Embassy
|Aung Kyaw Zan, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Argentina}}|{{Flag|Chile}}|{{Flag|Peru}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Brasília&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://myanmarbsb.org/_site/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar in Brazil}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Br.Gov-CD24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lista do Corpo Diplomático e Datas Nacionais |trans-title=List of the Diplomatic Corps and National Dates |url=https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/assuntos/cerimonial/lista-do-corpo-diplomatico-e-datas-nacionais |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Government Portal of Brazil |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|[[Ottawa]]
|Embassy
|Hau Khan Sum, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Ottawa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://meottawa.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Ottawa (Canada)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|[[Havana]]
|Embassy
|Zaw Naing Win, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Cu.MINREX-CD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of the Diplomatic Corps accredited in Cuba |url=https://cubaminrex.cu/en/list-diplomatic-corps-accredited-cuba |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba |language=en, es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flag|United States}}
|[[Washington, D.C.]]
|Embassy
|Thet Win, ''Chargé d'affaires''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-DC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mewashingtondc.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Washington, D.C., USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Los Angeles]]
|Consulate-General
|Win Lei Phyu, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.CG-LA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.myanmarcgla.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Consulate-General of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Los Angeles}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Asia
|-
!Host country
!Host city
!Mission
!Head of mission
!Concurrent accreditation
!References
|-
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Dhaka]]
|Embassy
|Kyaw Soe Moe, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Brunei}}
|[[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|Embassy
|Khin Sandar, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-BSB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Bandar Seri Begawan |url=https://www.mebandarseribegawan.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Bandar Seri Begawan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Cambodia}}
|[[Phnom Penh]]
|Embassy
|Kyaw Soe Min, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-PP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mephnompenh.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Phnom Penh}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MFAICKh-ResInKh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Resident Missions |url=https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/EmbassyResidentMissions |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs &amp; International Cooperation of Cambodia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{Flag|China}}
|[[Beijing]]
|Embassy
|Tin Maung Swe, ''Ambassador''
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Mongolia}}|{{Flag|North Korea}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Beijing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.myanmarembassy.com/index.html |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar / Beijing, China}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chongqing]]
|Consulate-General
|Thwin Htet Lin, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Hong Kong]]
|Consulate-General
|Han Win Naing, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Kunming
|Consulate-General
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Nanning
|Consulate-General
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flag|India}}
|[[New Delhi]]
|Embassy
|Zaw Oo, ''Ambassador''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Bhutan}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-NewDelhi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.myanmedelhi.com/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar / New Delhi, Republic of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhutan-Myanmar Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bt/rbebangkok/bhutan-myanmar-relations/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Royal Bhutanese Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Kolkata]]
|Consulate-General
|Aung Aung Myo Thein, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.CG-Kolkata&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mcgkolkata.org/ |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=Consulate General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Kolkata}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
|[[Jakarta]]
|Embassy
|Mang Hau Thang, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|[[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]
|Embassy
|Maung Maung Lynn, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Cyprus}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-TA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://metelaviv.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=The Embassy of The Republic of The Union of Myanmar, Tel Aviv}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cy.MFA-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2025 |title=Diplomatic List |url=https://www.gov.cy/app/uploads/sites/19/2025/05/Diplomatic-List-May-2025.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Government of Cyprus |publisher=Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus |archive-date=18 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618131454/https://www.gov.cy/app/uploads/sites/19/2025/05/Diplomatic-List-May-2025.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Japan}}
|[[Tokyo]]
|Embassy
|Soe Han, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Tokyo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://myanmarembassytokyo.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Tokyo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Kuwait}}
|[[Kuwaiti (birni)|Kuwait City]]
|Embassy
|Chan Aye, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Kuwait&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mekuwait.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Kuwait}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Laos}}
|[[Vientiane]]
|Embassy
|Aung Ko, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Vientiane&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.myanmarembassy-vte.org/index.php/en/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Vientiane}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}
|[[Kuala Lumpur]]
|Embassy
|Aung Soe Win, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-KL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://myanmarembassykl.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Nepal}}
|[[Kathmandu]]
|Embassy
|Myo Myint Maung, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Kathmandu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.myanmarembassy-vte.org/index.php/en/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar in Kathmandu, Nepal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
|[[Islamabad]]
|Embassy
|Wunna Han, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Islamabad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.me-islamabad.org/index.php |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Islamabad |archive-date=19 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519155054/https://www.me-islamabad.org/index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|[[Manila]]
|Embassy
|Soe Ko Ko, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Manila&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://memanila.org/index.php/en/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Manila (Philippines)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DFAPh-DC25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 July 2025 |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=https://dfa.gov.ph/resources/office-of-protocol/diplomatic-and-consular-list |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=[[Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|[[Riyadh]]
|Embassy
|Tin Yu, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Bahrain}}|{{Flag|Oman}}|{{Flag|Qatar}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Riyadh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://meriyadh.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar (Riyadh)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Om.FM-DLMap&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Foreign embassies and consulates in Oman |url=https://fm.gov.om/ministry/embassies/foreign-embassies-and-consulates-in-oman/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Foreign Ministry of Oman}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Missions of the State of Qatar / Myanmar |url=https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar-and-the-world?country=mm |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Qatar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Singapore}}
|[[Singafora|Singapore]]
|Embassy
|Zaw Minn Aung, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Singapore&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.myanmarembassy.sg/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|[[Seoul]]
|Embassy
|Thant Sin, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Seoul&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://meseoul.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Seoul}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Kolombo|Colombo]]
|Embassy
|Marlar Than Htaik, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Maldives}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lk.MFA-DC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Corps |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/en/diplomatic-corps/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mv.MOFA-E&amp;C&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Embassies and Consulates |url=https://foreign.gov.mv/index.php/en/ministry/embassies-and-consulates |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives |archive-date=19 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119141518/https://foreign.gov.mv/index.php/en/ministry/embassies-and-consulates |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flag|Thailand}}
|[[Bangkok]]
|Embassy
|Zaw Zaw Soe, ''Ambassador''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Bangkok&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mebangkok.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Bangkok}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MFATh-DL25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 2025 |title=Diplomatic and Consular List / June 2025 |url=https://image.mfa.go.th/mfa/0/mkKfL2iULZ/Diplomatic_and_Consular_List_as_of_June_2025/June_2025.pdf |access-date=28 July 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Chiang Mai]]
|Consulate-General
|Ming Kyaw Linn, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.CG-ChiangMai&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mcgchiangmai.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Consulate-General of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Chiang Mai, Kingdom of Thailand}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MFATh-DL25&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|[[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]
|Embassy
|Kyaw Kyaw Min, &quot;Ambassador&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]]
|Consulate-General
|Kyaw Thu Nyein, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.CG-Dubai&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mcgdubai.org/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Consulate General of the Republic of Union of Myanmar in Dubai, United Arab Emirates}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DubaiProt-DC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic &amp; Consular Corps in UAE |url=https://www.protocol.dubai.ae/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-directory-categories/diplomatic-consular-corps-in-uae/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |publisher=Protocol Department of Dubai}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}
|[[Hanoi]]
|Embassy
|Kyaw Soe Win, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Hanoi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.me-hanoi.org/index.php/en/contact-us |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar / Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam |archive-date=7 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007045135/https://www.me-hanoi.org/index.php/en/contact-us |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Europe
|-
!Host country
!Host city
!Mission
!Head of mission
!Concurrent accreditation
!References
|-
|{{Flag|Austria}}
|[[Vienna]]
|Embassy
|Min Thein, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Holy See}}|{{Flag|Lithuania}}}}{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|United Nations}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;BMEIA-DC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2025 |title=Directory of the Diplomatic Corps and other representations in Austria |url=https://www.bmeia.gv.at/fileadmin/user_upload/oracle/gesamtliste_en.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Austria)]] |language=de, en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SDS-CD25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 2025 |title=List du Corps Diplomatique près le Saint-Siège |trans-title=List of the Diplomatic Corps to the Holy See |url=https://www.sdsofficium.va/cd/corpsdiplomatique.html |access-date=8 August 2025 |website=[[Secretariat of State (Holy See)]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;URMLt-ForReps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Find Us Abroad / Foreign representations and honorary consuls |url=https://www.urm.lt/en/about-us/organisation/find-us-abroad/941/c2# |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Belarus}}
|[[Miniska|Minsk]]
|Consulate-General{{Efn|Subordinate to the embassy in Moscow}}
|Moe Kyaw Thu, ''Consul-General''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;By.Emb-Hanoi-Myanmar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Political Cooperation |url=https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/blrM/mpolit/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Socialist Republic of Vietnam |archive-date=8 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208041302/https://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/blrM/mpolit/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Belgium}}
|Brussels
|Embassy
|Soe Lynn Han, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Croatia}}|{{Flag|Luxembourg}}|{{Flag|Netherlands}}|{{Flag|Slovakia}}}}{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|European Union}}|[[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]]}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Brussels&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.embassyofmyanmar.be/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar / Brussels}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HunMFA-DC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Corps |url=http://www.kulugyminiszterium.hu/dtwebe/Irodak.aspx |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MVEPHr-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatska Lista / Diplomatic List |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/UserDocsImages//2025/datoteke//DIPLOMATSKA%20LISTA%20(2025),%2007.07.2025.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Affairs of Croatia |language=Serbo-Croatian, en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sk.MVZ-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 May 2025 |title=Diplomatická Listina |trans-title=Diplomatic List |url=https://www.mzv.sk/documents/10182/13139588/diplomaticka-listina.pdf/6d4b0603-d139-408c-8abb-b38bab8523da?t=1680284631883 |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia |language=sk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HE U Soe Lynn Han, Ambassador of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Republic of Croatia and the European Union (Myanmar) |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/204726 |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=International Court of Justice}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Republic of the Union of Myanmar |url=https://www.opcw.org/about-us/member-states/myanmar |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Czechia}}
|[[Prag|Prague]]
|Embassy
|Htuann Naung, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Georgia}}|{{Flag|Hungary}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Prague&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.meprague.org/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar - Prague}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ge.MFA-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=Diplomatic List |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/pfiles/files/DIPLOMATIC%20LIST_%20April%202025.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|France}}
|[[Faris|Paris]]
|Embassy
|Kyaw Zeya, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Andorra}}|{{Flag|Spain}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Paris&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://meparis.org/index.php/en/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Paris}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MAEUEC-CD25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 July 2025 |title=Lista del Cuerpo Diplomático |trans-title=List of the Diplomatic Corps |url=https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/Ministerio/Protocolo/Documents/2ALISTA.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|[[Berlin]]
|Embassy
|Han Thein Kyaw, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Estonia}}|{{Flag|Finland}}|{{Flag|Poland}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Berlin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.meberlin.com/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Berlin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Myanmar / Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar |url=https://vm.ee/en/country-page/EGY |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Estonia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fi.UM-RepsInFin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Representation of foreign states in Finland or in the nearest country to Finland |url=https://um.fi/representation-of-foreign-states-in-finland-or-in-the-nearest-country-to-finland |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pl.Gov-DP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Protocol |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/diplomatic-protocol |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Government of Poland}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|[[Rum|Rome]]
|Embassy
|Hmway Hmway Khyne, ''Ambassador''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Greece}}|{{Flag|Portugal}}|{{Flag|Romania}}}}{{Collapsible list|[[File:FAO logo.svg|25px]] [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|[[File:IFAD logo.svg|25px]] [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]]|[[World Food Programme]]}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Rome&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://merome.org/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Rome}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDLisboa25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=Corpo Diplomático Acreditado em Lisboa |trans-title=Diplomatic Corps Accredited in Lisbon |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/images/Livro_Corpo_Diplom%C3%A1tico/Livro_Corpo_Diplomatico_-_Abril_2025_v2.pdf |access-date=8 May 2025 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)]] |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Norway}}
|[[Oslo]]
|Embassy
|Moe Kyaw Aung, ''Ambassador''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Oslo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://meoslo.org/index.php/en/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Oslo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OsloDL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=The Oslo Diplomatic List |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/3818fa2f0ec449689f40fd6fbeb99df2/the-oslo-diplomatic-list-april-2025.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Government of Norway}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|Serbia}}
|[[Belgrade]]
|Embassy
|Aung Min Oo, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Bulgaria}}|{{Flag|Slovakia}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Belgrade&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mebelgrade.org/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Belgrade}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bg.MFA-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Corps List |url=https://www.mfa.bg/en/topical-information/protocol-guide/diplomatic-corps-list |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Flag|Russia}}
|[[Moscow]]
|Embassy
|Thit Linn Ohn, ''Ambassador''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{Flag|Belarus}}|{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}|{{Flag|Latvia}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Moscow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://memoscow.org/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Moscow (Russia)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;By.Emb-Hanoi-Myanmar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Az.MFA-DL25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2025 |title=Diplomatic List |url=https://mfa.gov.az/files/file/MXM_MFA_Diplomatic_List_Feb_2025.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=State Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lv.MFA-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 July 2025 |title=Diplomatic missions in Latvia |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/diplomatic-missions-latvia |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Novosibirsk]]
|Consulate-General
|Pyae Phyo Wai, ''Consul-General''
|
|-
|[[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]]
|Consulate-General
|Aung Pe Thet, ''Consul-General''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;GNLM-020325&quot; /&gt;
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|[[Landan|London]]
|Embassy
|Win Zeyar Tun, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Denmark}}|{{Flag|Ireland}}|{{Flag|Sweden}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-London&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://londonmyanmarembassy.com/index.php |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar / London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dk.UM-DL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Protocol Department |url=https://um.dk/en/about-us/the-protocol-department |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Government of Denmark |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ie.DFA-DL25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 2025 |title=Diplomatic List |url=https://assets.ireland.ie/documents/Updated_Diplomatic_List_July_2025.pdf |access-date=29 July 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Ireland }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Se.Gov-DL25&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 July 2025 |title=Stockholm Diplomatic List |url=https://www.government.se/contentassets/fbe729b57a7b4cd8a6cc2ebb882fff02/stockholm-diplomatic-list-22-july-2025.pdf |access-date=2 July 2025 |publisher=[[Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Oceania
|-
!Host country
!Host city
!Mission
!Head of mission
!Concurrent accreditation
!References
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|[[Kanberra|Canberra]]
|Embassy
|Myat Thuzar Than, ''Chargé d'affaires''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|New Zealand}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.Emb-Canberra&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mecanberra.org/index.php/en/ |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Canberra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124013344/http://www.mecanberra.org/index.php/en/ |archive-date=24 January 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Au.DFAT-EmbsInAu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Foreign Embassies in Australia |url=https://protocol.dfat.gov.au/Public/MissionsInAustralia |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NZ.MFAT-Embs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Embassies |url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/embassies |access-date=28 July 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of New Zealand}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Multilateral organizations
|-
!Organization
!Host city
!Mission
!Head of mission
!Concurrent accreditation
!References
|-
|{{Flag|Association of Southeast Asian Nations}}
|[[Jakarta]]
|Permanent Mission
|Aung Myo Myint, ''Permanent Representative''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.PM-ASEAN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://mmaseanjkt.org/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Union of Myanmar to ASEAN / Jakarta}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flag|United Nations}}
|[[New York (birni)|New York City]]
|Permanent Mission
|Hau Do Suan, ''Permanent Representative''
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to the United Nations |url=https://www.un.int/myanmar/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Geneva]]
|Permanent Mission
|Myint Thu, ''Permanent Representative''
|{{Collapsible list|{{Flag|Switzerland}}}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.MOFA-Missions&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Me.PM-UNOG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.myanmargeneva.org/ |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Union of Myanmar to the United Nations Office in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FDFA-Dipcorps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular Corps |url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/foreign-policy/diplomatie/diplomatisches-corps.html |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;149&quot; heights=&quot;149&quot;&gt;
Fayil:สถานทูตพม่า_ถนนสาทร_Burmese_Embassy,_Bangkok,_Sathon_Rd.jpg|Embassy in Bangkok
Fayil:Myanmar_Embassy_in_Belgrade_2024.jpg|Embassy in Belgrade
Fayil:Botschaft_Myanmar_Berlin_Thielallee_19.jpg|Embassy in Berlin
Fayil:Embassy_of_Myanmar_in_Canberra.jpg|Embassy in Canberra
Fayil:Embassy_of_Myanmar_in_London_1.jpg|Embassy in London
Fayil:B_Nikitskaya_41,43_dusk_May_2009_02.JPG|Embassy in Moscow
Fayil:Consulate-General_of_the_Republic_of_the_Union_of_Myanmar,_Nanning_(20180715).jpg|Consulate-General in Nanning
Fayil:Le_Parthénon,_60_rue_de_Courcelles,_Paris_8e_2.jpg|Embassy in Paris
Fayil:ミャンマー大使館正門.jpg|Embassy in Tokyo
Fayil:Embassy_of_Myanmar_-_Washington,_D.C.jpg|Embassy in Washington, D.C.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dangantakar kasashen waje ta Myanmar
* Jerin ayyukan diflomasiyya a Myanmar
* Manufofin biza na Myanmar

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jirgin kasa na Victoria</title>
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'''Jirgin ƙasan Victoria''' ya kai {{Convert|55.52|mi|km|2}}tsawon  &lt;ref name=&quot;CNRinONtarioHaliburtonSub&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jeffrey P |date=2011-07-27 |title=CNR Haliburton Subdivision |url=http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Subdivisions/Haliburton.html |access-date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=CNR in Ontario |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155406/http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Subdivisions/Haliburton.html |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; layin dogo [[Kanada|na Kanada]] wanda ke aiki a Tsakiyar Ontario . Ginawa a ƙarƙashin Babban Injiniya James Ross ya fara ne a shekarar 1874 daga Lindsay, Ontario, tare da ikon ginawa ta cikin gundumar Victoria zuwa Haliburton, Ontario, inda aka buɗe shi a {{Start date|1878|11|24}} . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jeffrey P |date=2011-05-05 |title=Haliburton |url=http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/index.html?http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/Haliburton.html |access-date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=CNR in Ontario |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155424/http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/index.html?http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/Haliburton.html |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Victoria Railway |url=http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_GHI/Plaque_Haliburton04.html |access-date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=Ontario's Historical Plaques}}&lt;/ref&gt; Layin ya fi shahara da cewa wani babban rukuni na baƙi 'yan [[Ayislan|Iceland]] ne suka gina shi, waɗanda suka ga lokacin hunturu na Kinmount yana da tsauri sosai, don haka duk suka ƙaura zuwa Gimli, Manitoba .  Layin ya zama wani ɓangare na Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Midland na Kanada sannan daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Kanada . An yi watsi da layin gaba ɗaya a farkon shekarun 1990. &lt;ref name=&quot;CNRinONtarioHaliburtonSub&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An fara tsara layin dogo na Victoria a matsayin layin dogo na Lindsay, Fenelon Falls, da Ottawa River, wanda aka yi hayar a shekarar 1872. Layin ya ratsa arewa daga Lindsay ta tsohuwar gundumar Victoria kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wani layin dogo na Kanada Pacific da ke kusa da garin Mattawa . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an canza ma'aunin daga ƙaramin ma'auni zuwa ma'auni na yau da kullun, kuma aka sake sanya wa layin dogo suna &quot;Layin dogo na Victoria.&quot; Da farko layin dogo ya fuskanci adawa mai yawa daga garin Peterborough yayin da Lindsay da ƙauyen Fenelon Falls wanda ba a haɗa shi ba, suka goyi bayan aikin da himma. An cire shingen da aka yi wa layin dogo a shekarar 1874 ta hanyar sanya Fenelon Falls ƙauye mai haɗin gwiwa da kuma ƙirƙirar Gundumar Wucin Gadi ta Haliburton daga cikin garuruwan arewacin gundumar Peterborough da Victoria. Tare da kuɗaɗen da aka ware don gina layin dogo a Lindsay a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1874, ta hanyar umarnin Mai Girma Christopher Finlay Fraser, Kwamishinan Ayyukan Jama'a na Ontario a lokacin. 

Gina layin ya fara ne da ɓangaren da ke tsakanin Lindsay da Kinmount, inda cire manyan kututtun bishiyoyin pine ke haifar da matsala ga ma'aikatan. Baya ga wannan, ana buƙatar gina gadoji da yawa tsakanin garuruwan biyu. Wannan ya haɗa da gada mai tsawon ƙafa 200 a kan Distillery Creek, gada mai tsawon ƙafa 500 da kuma cika ƙafa 3000 a McLaren's Creek, gada mai darajar dala $20,000 a kan Kogin Fenelon, da gada mai tsawon ƙafa 133 a kan Kogin Burnt . An katse aikin layin dogo sau biyu saboda matsalar kuɗi a shekarar 1875. Al'ummar baƙi 300 'yan Iceland ne suka gina layin dogo, waɗanda suka zauna a Kinmount a shekarar 1874. Duk da haka, tare da koma bayan tattalin arziki a shekarar 1875, ciwon ciki ya lalata ƙoƙarin gini. Wannan ya sa baƙi 'yan Iceland suka ƙaura zuwa Manitoba a watan Satumba na 1875. Duk da haka, ginin ya sake ci gaba da ƙaruwa bayan isowar ƙarfe, duk da takunkumin kuɗi a kan aikin. Layin dogo ya sami ƙarin kuɗi lokacin da shugaban aikin, George Laidlaw, ya sami tallafin dala 8,000 a kowace mil daga gwamnatin lardin Ontario da kuma ƙarin dala 3,000 a kowace mil daga Kamfanin Kanada Land and Emigration, wanda ke da mafi yawan Gundumar Haliburton. Babban cikas ga aikin ya zo ne lokacin da wani babban yankan dutse da rami mai nisan mil huɗu a arewacin Kinmount suka tsoma baki a cikin mil 22 na ƙarshe na layin dogo. Layin dogo mai nisan mil 56 daga ƙauyen Lindsay zuwa Haliburton ya buɗe ga zirga-zirga a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1878. 

== Tsarin lokaci ==

* 1871: Kafa Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Fenelon Falls 
* 1872: An sake masa suna zuwa Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Lindsay, Fenelon Falls da Ottawa River 
* 1873: An sake masa suna zuwa Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Victoria 
* 1880: Saye ta hanyar Midland Railway na Kanada
* 1882: Haɗakar Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Victoria, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Midland na Kanada, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Toronto da Nipissing, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Whitby, Port Perry da Lindsay, Layin [[Toronto and Ottawa Railway|Jirgin Ƙasa na Toronto da Ottawa]] da kuma Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Grand Junction . 

== Manyan tashoshi ==

* Lindsay, Ontario
* Cameron, Ontario
* Fenelon Falls, Ontario
* Fell(s), Ontario
* Kogin Burnt, Ontario
* Watsons, Ontario
* Kinmount, Ontario
* Gelert, Ontario
* Lochlin, Ontario
* Donald, Ontario
* Haliburton, Ontario

=== Mahadar Howland ===
Hanyar Howland ita ce mahadar layin dogo na Victoria da layin dogo na Irondale, Bancroft da Ottawa (IB&amp;O). Tashar ita ce tashar kudu ta IB&amp;O. Wurin da farko tasha ce ta tuta a kan layin dogo na Victoria wanda aka sani da Kendrick's, kuma ya samo sunansa daga kogin Kendrick da ke kusa. &lt;ref name=&quot;kinmount&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Friends &amp; Neighbours: Howland Junction |url=http://www.kinmount.ca/Friends_Vol_1_iss_6.php |access-date=October 27, 2022 |website=Kinmount.ca |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027161732/http://www.kinmount.ca/Friends_Vol_1_iss_6.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da William Myles ya gina hanyar jirgin kasa mai jan dawaki, wato hanyar Tram ta Reshen Myles, wannan wurin musayar da Jirgin Kasa na Victoria ya zama sananne da suna Myles Junction. &lt;ref name=&quot;cnr-howland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jeffrey P. |date=March 20, 2021 |title=C.N.Rys. Howland |url=http://www.cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/Howland.html |access-date=October 27, 2022 |website=CNE-in-Ontario.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602080236/http://www.cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/Howland.html |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake canza wurin zuwa Kinmount Junction bayan durkushewar harkokin kasuwancin Myles a yankin, sannan aka sake canza masa suna zuwa Howland Junction.
[[Fayil:IB&amp;O_3_at_Myles_Junction.jpg|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa na IB&amp;O mai lamba 3 a kan teburin juyawa a Howland Junction, {{Circa|1902}} .]]

== Rufewa ==
Layin ya zama wani ɓangare na Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Kanada a shekarar 1923 bayan ya sayi tsohon [[Grand Trunk Railway|Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Grand Trunk]] na Kanada. Jirgin ƙasa mai haɗakar kaya/fasinja ya ci gaba har zuwa Satumba, 1960. CN ta nemi a yi watsi da shi a shekarar 1978. Hukumar Sufuri ta Kanada ta amince da yin watsi da layin a shekarar 1981, kuma an fara amfani da mafi yawan layin a shekarar 1983; an fara wani ɗan gajeren sashe na ƙarshe a kudu da Kent St Lindsay a watan Oktoban 1992. &lt;ref name=&quot;CNRinONtarioHaliburtonSub2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jeffrey P |date=2011-07-27 |title=CNR Haliburton Subdivision |url=http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Subdivisions/Haliburton.html |access-date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=CNR in Ontario |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155406/http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Subdivisions/Haliburton.html |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsawon layin yanzu shine Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Haliburton County da kuma [[Rail trail|hanyoyin nishaɗi na jama'a]] na Victoria Rail Trail. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jeffrey P |date=2011-05-05 |title=Haliburton |url=http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/index.html?http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/Haliburton.html |access-date=November 11, 2011 |publisher=CNR in Ontario |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155424/http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/index.html?http://cnr-in-ontario.com/Stations/Haliburton.html |archive-date=2012-04-25 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>duzm50xmg5axdeja7uegbqm9u6o2ux7</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Howard Rayner</title>
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'''Howard Luscombe Rayner''' (12 Maris 1896 - 13 Yuni 1975) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na Australiya, ɗan wasan ƙwallo na Australiya kuma likita.

Rayner ɗan iyayen addini ne, mahaifinsa ministan Methodist ne kuma mahaifiyarsa mai wa'azi ce a Fiji.&lt;ref name=&quot;OBIT&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=1975-07-19 |title=Obituary Notices |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/3/5976/163 |journal=Br Med J |volume=3 |issue=5976 |pages=164 |doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5976.163 |s2cid=220179921 |url-access=subscription |access-date=26 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haife shi a [[Adelaide]], ya yi karatu a birnin a Kwalejin Prince Alfred, kafin ya tafi Jami'ar Adelaide don karatun likita, &lt;ref name=&quot;OBIT&quot; /&gt; inda ya sami digiri na farko.  Wani dan wasa mai ƙwazo, bayan ya zama kyaftin din kungiyar wasan kurket ta Prince Alfred College, ya ci gaba da buga wasan kwallon kafa na Australiya a Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Sturt a matsayin dan wasan gaba,  yana yin babban bayyanar kulob din a gasar kwallon kafa ta Kudancin Australiya ta 1915.  Ya kasance Jami'ar Adelaide ta [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Rhodes Scholar]] a shekara ta 1916, &lt;ref name=&quot;OBIT&quot; /&gt; amma bai yi tafiya zuwa Ingila ba don karɓar tallafinsa a Kwalejin Balliol, Oxford har zuwa 1918.[1]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=University of Adelaide Rhodes Scholars |url=http://www.alumni.adelaide.edu.au/s/923/media.aspx?sid=923&amp;gid=1&amp;pgid=1233 |access-date=2019-08-26 |publisher=University of Adelaide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325200849/http://www.alumni.adelaide.edu.au/s/923/media.aspx?sid=923&amp;gid=1&amp;pgid=1233 |archive-date=2016-03-25 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan ya isa Ingila, ya yi aiki a takaice a cikin Royal Navy kafin sanya hannu kan Armistice a watan Nuwamba 1918. Bayan armistice ya koma Kwalejin Balliol kuma ya ci gaba da horar da likitanci a asibitin King's College.&lt;ref name=&quot;OBIT&quot;/&gt; A shekara mai zuwa, ya bayyana sau ɗaya a cikin wasan kurket na farko na P. F. Warner's XI a kan [[University Parks#Cricket ground|Oxford]]_University_Cricket_Club&quot; id=&quot;mwQQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Oxford University Cricket Club&quot;&gt;Jami'ar Oxford a Oxford.&lt;ref&gt;The Advertiser (Adelaide), 24 November 1915, p. 14&lt;/ref&gt; Da yake bugawa sau biyu a wasan, an kore shi don gudu 2 a cikin P. F. Warner's XI na farko da Vyvyan Pearse ya yi, yayin da a cikin na biyu ya zira kwallaye 21 da ba a ci nasara ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rayner ya kammala karatu daga Oxford a 1921, ya shiga aikin likita a Twickenham a 1923 kuma ya yi aikin likita a twickenham a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930, kafin ya canza ƙwarewa a 1938 don ya zama likitan rigakafi a Asibitin St John.&lt;ref name=&quot;OBIT&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya kula da sauyawar likita na Makarantar Orleans da Filin wasa na Twickenham, yana kula da ƙarshen a duk lokacin yakin.[1] Bayan yakin, an nada shi a matsayin likita ga Rugby Football Union, tare da komawa matsayinsa na anesthetist a St John's, inda ya kasance har zuwa shekaru biyu bayan ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1965. [1] Daga baya a rayuwarsa ya fara golf kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Fulwell Golf Course . Rayner ya mutu a Twickenham a watan Yunin 1975 kuma matarsa ta tsira.[1]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kim Jae-kyung</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>130054</id>
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Kim Jae-kyung (Yaren mutanen Koriya: 김재경; an haifeshi Disamba 24, 1988) yar wasan Koriya ta Kudu ce kuma tsohuwar mawaƙa. Kafin ta koma yin cikakken lokaci, ta kasance memba kuma shugabar ƙungiyar 'yan matan Koriya ta Kudu Rainbow.[1]

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Kim a Gundumar Seodaemun, Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1988. Ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Deungchon da Jami'ar Mata ta Dongduk, inda ta yi karatu a fannin zane-zane. Ɗan'uwanta shi ne Jaehyun na N.Flying . [1]


== Rayuwar Sirri ==
A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, 2024, 'yan wasan Namoo sun tabbatar da rahotanni cewa Kim ta auri saurayinta wanda ba sananne ba a lokacin rani da ya gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2018 |title= |script-title=ko:'최파타' 엔플라잉 김재현 &quot;태어나보니 누나가 김재경&quot; |trans-title='Best Fata' N.Flying Kim Jae-hyun &quot;I was born with an older sister Kim Jae-kyung&quot; |url=https://www.xportsnews.com/article/935668 |access-date=December 25, 2022 |website=Xports News |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka yi ==

=== Bayyanar sauti ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Album
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ina son ka, ina son ka&quot; (tare da Cho Hyun-matashi) &lt;br /&gt;{{Small|(with Cho Hyun-young)}}
|2010
|''Wakilin Asirin Miss Oh OST''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Ni da kai&quot;
|2011
|''City Hunter OST''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Wataƙila&quot;
|2014
|''Tambayar Allah 4 OST''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Shin Farawa ce?&quot; (tare da Sung Hoon) &lt;br /&gt;{{Small|(with [[Sung Hoon (actor)|Sung Hoon]])}}
|2015
|''Mai daraja, Ƙaunar Ni OST''
|}

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Shekara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Taken
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Bayani
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2010
|''Zuciya tana bugun''
|Yarinyar ƙungiyar
|Cameo
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Tashar Hanyar''
|Han Ji-ah
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Héctor D. Abruña</title>
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'''Héctor Daniel Abruña''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1953) masanin kimiyyar sinadarai ne na Puerto Rico wanda aikinsa ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin sinadarai na lantarki, na'urorin lantarki na kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin mai, batura, da kuma nazarin lantarki. Abruña shine darektan ''Cibiyar Kayan Makamashi'' kuma farfesa Emile M. Chamot a fannin ilmin sinadarai a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . Ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2006, &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;AAAS 2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AAAS Fellows 2016 |url=https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AnnualReports/2006/aaas_ar06_2223_fellows.pdf |access-date=April 25, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2007, &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;AmAcad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hector Daniel Abruna - American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/hector-daniel-abruna |access-date=April 25, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa a shekara ta 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abruña yana gudanar da bincike kan tsarin batir da ƙwayoyin mai ta amfani da dabarun lantarki da na'urar hangen nesa ta X-ray da hanyoyin nazarin spectroscopy. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;NAS Cornell Chronicle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Two on faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/05/two-faculty-elected-national-academy-sciences |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Abruña a Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico, a shekarar 1953 &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;vitae&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Héctor D. Abruña |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/3525/5_H%3Fctor_D_Abru%3Fa.pdf |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya girma a Puerto Rico. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Cornell Sun NAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Cornell Chemistry Prof Elected to National Academy of Sciences |url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/05/09/cornell-chemistry-prof-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences/ |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi karatu a Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute da ke Troy, New York, inda ya kammala karatunsa na farko a fannin kimiyya a shekarar 1975 da kuma digirin masters a fannin kimiyya a shekarar 1976. Daga nan ya sami digirin PhD a fannin nazarin sinadarai a Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill a shekarar 1980 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Thomas Meyer. A matsayinsa na babban digiri, Abruña ya yi aiki tare da Allen J. Bard a Jami'ar Texas da ke Austin . &lt;ref name=&quot;vitae&quot; /&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A shekarar 1982, Abruña ya zama farfesa a Jami'ar Puerto Rico . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Cornell Sun NAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Cornell Chemistry Prof Elected to National Academy of Sciences |url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/05/09/cornell-chemistry-prof-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences/ |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cornellsun.com/2018/05/09/cornell-chemistry-prof-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences/ &quot;Cornell Chemistry Prof Elected to National Academy of Sciences&quot;]. [[The Cornell Daily Sun]]. May 9, 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ya shiga jami'ar [[Cornell]] a shekarar 1983. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Bard Award AS Cornell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2018 |title=Abruña honored by Electrochemical Society |url=https://as.cornell.edu/news/abruña-named-recipient-bard-medal-electrochemical-society |access-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201035341/https://as.cornell.edu/news/abru%C3%B1a-named-recipient-bard-medal-electrochemical-society |archive-date=February 1, 2020 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abruña ya jagoranci Sashen Kimiyyar Sinadarai da Kimiyyar Halittu daga 2004–2008. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Bard Award 235th ECS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Society Awards - 235th ECS Meeting |url=https://www.electrochem.org/235/society-awards |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[Electrochemical Society]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne darektan Cibiyar Kayan Makamashi a Cornell (wanda a da Cibiyar Kwayoyin Man Fetur ta Cornell ce). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2009 |title=Chair Sutley Visits Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and Energy Materials Center |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/11/19/chair-sutley-visits-cornell-fuel-cell-institute-and-energy-materials-center |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2018, Abruña ya zama shugaban Cibiyar Maganin Makamashi ta Alkaline (CABES) a Jami'ar Cornell, wanda [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka]] ke tallafawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=$10.75M grant aids next-gen fuel cell development |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/07/1075m-grant-aids-next-gen-fuel-cell-development |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abruña ya kasance shugaban ''taron bita kan kimiyyar makamashi na asali kan adana makamashin lantarki'' wanda [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka]] ta shirya a shekara ta 2007 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban edita kan rahoton ''Bukatun Bincike na asali don Ajiye Makamashin Lantarki'' .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya jagoranci taron bincike na Electrochemistry Gordon na 2006, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka tallafawa ta hanyar NSF da [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka|DOE]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2009 |title=Chair Sutley Visits Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and Energy Materials Center |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/11/19/chair-sutley-visits-cornell-fuel-cell-institute-and-energy-materials-center |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abruña yana fafutukar ganin an bai wa 'yan tsiraru marasa wakilci su shiga kimiyyar Cornell, kuma yana ɗaukar ɗalibai daga jami'o'in Puerto Rican da himma don samun damar bincike da jagoranci a Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source. &lt;ref name=&quot;CHESS hispanic-serving&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2018 |title=Hispanic-serving institutions partner with CHESS |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/10/hispanic-serving-institutions-partner-chess |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗalibai goma sha biyar daga cikin 55 da suka kammala karatunsu daga ƙungiyar Abruña a shekarar 2018 sun fito ne daga Puerto Rico. &lt;ref name=&quot;CHESS hispanic-serving&quot; /&gt; Yana haɗin gwiwa kan ayyukan wayar da kan jama'a tare da Casa Pueblo a Adjuntas, Puerto Rico . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abruña ya kafa kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Lionano tare a shekarar 2013, tare da tallafin farko daga PowerBridgeNY. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma kafa kamfanin Ecolectro tare da Geoffrey W. Coates, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2009 |title=Chair Sutley Visits Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and Energy Materials Center |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/11/19/chair-sutley-visits-cornell-fuel-cell-institute-and-energy-materials-center |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=$10.75M grant aids next-gen fuel cell development |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/07/1075m-grant-aids-next-gen-fuel-cell-development |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya sami tallafi daga Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike ==
Abruña yana haɓaka kayan aiki don haɓaka aikin ƙwayoyin mai, musamman amsawar rage iskar oxygen, kuma yana bincike kan kayan aiki don amfani da batir. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cornell Sun NAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Cornell Chemistry Prof Elected to National Academy of Sciences |url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/05/09/cornell-chemistry-prof-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences/ |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[The Cornell Daily Sun]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://cornellsun.com/2018/05/09/cornell-chemistry-prof-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences/ &quot;Cornell Chemistry Prof Elected to National Academy of Sciences&quot;]. [[The Cornell Daily Sun]]. May 9, 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2016, Abruña ta ƙirƙiro wata na'ura da ta haɗa babban ƙarfin adana makamashi na [[Batirin lantarki|batura]] tare da yawan caji da fitar da ruwa mai yawa na supercapacitors . Fasahar ta dogara ne akan sanya wani fim mai sirara na polymer mai sarrafa lantarki cikin tsarin covalent organic (COF), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da haɗa halayen COF masu sauƙi tare da mafi kyawun ƙarfin lantarki na polymer.

Abruña kuma yana aiki a kan wasu binciken lantarki. A shekara ta 2002, ya yi aiki tare a kan wani aiki wanda ya ƙirƙiri transistor na atom guda ɗaya tare da Paul McEuen a Cornell. Abruña ya ƙirƙiri ƙananan tushen haske masu girman ɗaruruwan nanometers kawai ta hanyar sanya zare-zaren polymer masu fitar da haske a kan wani abu mai silicon wanda aka tsara shi da electrodes na zinariya.

== Daraja ==
Abruña shine masanin kimiyya na biyu da aka haifa a Puerto Rico da aka shigar da shi cikin Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 1984: Presidential Young Investigator Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1987: Sloan Research Fellowship of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1987: Tajima Prize of the International Society of Electrochemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1992: Guggenheim Fellowship&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2009 |title=Chair Sutley Visits Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and Energy Materials Center |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/11/19/chair-sutley-visits-cornell-fuel-cell-institute-and-energy-materials-center |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science&lt;ref name=&quot;AAAS 2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AAAS Fellows 2016 |url=https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AnnualReports/2006/aaas_ar06_2223_fellows.pdf |access-date=April 25, 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AnnualReports/2006/aaas_ar06_2223_fellows.pdf &quot;AAAS Fellows 2016&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007: Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences&lt;ref name=&quot;AmAcad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hector Daniel Abruna - American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/hector-daniel-abruna |access-date=April 25, 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.amacad.org/person/hector-daniel-abruna &quot;Hector Daniel Abruna - American Academy of Arts and Sciences&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007: Electrochemistry Award of the American Chemical Society, Division of Analytical Chemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=$10.75M grant aids next-gen fuel cell development |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/07/1075m-grant-aids-next-gen-fuel-cell-development |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: Charles N. Reilley Award of The Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: David C. Grahame Award of the Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry Division of the Electrochemical Society&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: Faraday Medal (electrochemistry) of the Electrochemistry Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012: Brian Conway Prize for Physical Electrochemistry of the International Society of Electrochemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2009 |title=Chair Sutley Visits Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and Energy Materials Center |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/11/19/chair-sutley-visits-cornell-fuel-cell-institute-and-energy-materials-center |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: Fellow of The Electrochemical Society&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: Electrochimica Acta Gold Medal of the International Society of Electrochemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: Member of the National Academy of Sciences&lt;ref name=&quot;NAS 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2018 |title=News from the National Academy of Sciences |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/May-1-2018-NAS-Election.html |access-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015204017/http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/May-1-2018-NAS-Election.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NAS Cornell Chronicle&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Two on faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/05/two-faculty-elected-national-academy-sciences |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/05/two-faculty-elected-national-academy-sciences &quot;Two on faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences&quot;]. [[Cornell Chronicle]]. May 2, 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cornell Sun NAS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Allen J. Bard Award in Electrochemical Science of the Electrochemical Society&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bard Award AS Cornell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2018 |title=Abruña honored by Electrochemical Society |url=https://as.cornell.edu/news/abruña-named-recipient-bard-medal-electrochemical-society |access-date=April 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201035341/https://as.cornell.edu/news/abru%C3%B1a-named-recipient-bard-medal-electrochemical-society |archive-date=February 1, 2020 |url-status=dead}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://as.cornell.edu/news/abruña-named-recipient-bard-medal-electrochemical-society &quot;Abruña honored by Electrochemical Society&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201035341/https://as.cornell.edu/news/abru%C3%B1a-named-recipient-bard-medal-electrochemical-society |date=2020-02-01 }}. October 31, 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bard Award 235th ECS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Society Awards - 235th ECS Meeting |url=https://www.electrochem.org/235/society-awards |access-date=April 25, 2020 |publisher=[[Electrochemical Society]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electrochem.org/235/society-awards &quot;Society Awards - 235th ECS Meeting&quot;]. [[Electrochemical Society]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Frumkin Medal of the International Society of Electrochemistry&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2009 |title=Chair Sutley Visits Cornell Fuel Cell Institute and Energy Materials Center |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/11/19/chair-sutley-visits-cornell-fuel-cell-institute-and-energy-materials-center |access-date=April 26, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=$10.75M grant aids next-gen fuel cell development |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/07/1075m-grant-aids-next-gen-fuel-cell-development |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Global Energy Prize&lt;ref name=&quot;gloen24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=А. Yemelianenkov |date=2024-07-03 |title=В Волгограде назвали лауреатов международной премии &quot;Глобальная энергия&quot; |trans-title=In Volgograd, the laureates of the international Global Energy Prize were announced |url=https://rg.ru/2024/07/03/reg-ufo/v-volgograde-nazvali-laureatov-mezhdunarodnoj-premii-globalnaia-energiia.html |access-date=2024-07-03 |publisher=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]] |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Enrico Fermi Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2025: Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NAS - Hector Abruna |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |access-date=April 26, 2020 |publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]] |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035439/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/2540456.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'Yan Puerto Rica

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>7l2zwvbyuz719mriwa3lb2t07r1p0qk</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Joan Jara</title>
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      <text bytes="2352" sha1="kjxc4j7iyqit8i45nub6yjyee51577l" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Joan Alison Turner Roberts''' (an haife ta '''Joan Alison Turner''', 20 ga Yuli 1927 - 12 ga Nuwamba 2023), wacce aka fi sani da '''Joan Jara''' ko '''Joan de Jara''' 'yar rawa ce 'yar Burtaniya-Chile, mai fafutuka, kuma bazawara ga fitaccen ɗan ƙasar Chile, ɗan gurguzu na dimokuraɗiyya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙi, ɗan rawa kuma marubucin waƙoƙin gargajiya Víctor Jara .  Bayan rasuwarsa, ta sadaukar da kanta ga ci gaba da tunawa da shi, aikinsa, da kuma ɗabi'unsa.  Ta rubuta ''An Unfinished Song: The Life of Victor Jara'' a 1984,  kuma ta kafa Gidauniyar Víctor Jara. 

== Rayuwar farko da aiki ==
An haifi Joan Alison Turner a Landan, Ingila, a ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1927. [1] Ta haɗu da Víctor Jara a Jami'ar Chile a 1961: ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta ba da darussan rawa a makarantar wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin, Joan ta yi rawa a gasar rawa ta ƙasa . Lokacin da take murmurewa daga rashin lafiya sau ɗaya, Víctor ta kawo mata furanni waɗanda ta yi zaton ya sata daga wurin shakatawa saboda kasafin kuɗinsa. Joan tana da 'ya mace ƙasa da shekara ɗaya a wannan lokacin daga wani tsohon miji, wanda ta rabu da shi. 'Yar da Víctor sun kasance abokai.

== Mutuwa ==
Joan Jara ta mutu a [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2023, tana da shekaru 96.  &lt;ref&gt;Basulto, Alejandro (12 November 2023), [https://www.adnradio.cl/nacional/2023/11/12/joan-jara-muere-destacada-bailarina-y-activista-por-los-dd-hh.html &quot;Muere Joan Jara: destacada bailarina, incansable activista por los derechos humanos y leal viuda de Víctor Jara&quot;], ADN {{In lang|es}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://copano.news/fallece-joan-turner-jara-96-anos &quot;Murió Joan Turner de Jara a los 96 años&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113093611/https://copano.news/fallece-joan-turner-jara-96-anos |date=2023-11-13 }}, Copano News, 12 November 2023 {{In lang|es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta mutu makonni biyu kafin a shirya korar Barrientos daga Amurka.  Bayan mutuwar Joan, gawarta tana kwance a Centro de Danza Espiral, makarantar rawa da ta kafa tare da mijinta na farko, mai horar da mawakan Chilean Patricio Bunster, kafin a binne ta a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba. &lt;ref name=&quot;joanjara&quot; /&gt; An binne ta a Makabartar Janar kusa da Víctor Jara.  
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927]]
===MANAZARTA===</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mari Kvien Brunvoll</title>
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'''Mari Kvien Brunvoll''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1984 a Molde, [[Norway]]) mawaƙiya ce ta mutanen Norway da jazz wacce ta ja hankalin mutane a bukukuwan duniya tare da ra'ayinta na solo, inda muryar ta cika da ƙananan kayan lantarki da sauti a cikin sauti da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da jazz, pop da kiɗa na gargajiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;kalleklev&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214101352/http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html |archive-date=2012-12-14 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=Kalleklev.no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Mari_Kvien_Brunvoll.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Mari Kvien Brunvoll a Sardinen, USF Verftet 2012.]]
Brunvoll is a 2010 graduate of the Grieg Academy in [[Bergen]]. She won the Vital Award at the Nattjazz, Bergen 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;ballade&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll tildelt Vitals talentpris |url=http://www.ballade.no/nmi.nsf/doc/art2009053115102870048065 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115233443/http://www.ballade.no/nmi.nsf/doc/art2009053115102870048065 |archive-date=2010-01-15 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=Ballade.no |language=Norwegian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her first appearance at Moldejazz was in 2010 with her solo project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.moldejazz.no/2010/index.php?page_id=11948 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213120/http://www.moldejazz.no/2010/index.php?page_id=11948 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=[[Moldejazz]].no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brunvoll is known for her amazing solo project, which has received critical acclaim through concerts at Nattjazz, Moldejazz, and a number of jazz clubs around Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;kalleklev&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214101352/http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html |archive-date=2012-12-14 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=Kalleklev.no}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121214101352/http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html &quot;Mari Kvien Brunvoll&quot;]. Kalleklev.no. Archived from [http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html the original] on 14 December 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 November&lt;/span&gt; 2012&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.nattjazz.no/index.php?Dag=2&amp;Konsert=74 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529225302/http://nattjazz.no/index.php?Dag=2&amp;Konsert=74 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=[[Nattjazz]].no |language=Norwegian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinta na daliba a cikin shirin jazz a Kwalejin Grieg ta kasance wakilin Norway a bikin 12 Points na Duniya a [[Stavanger]] a cikin 2010. Taron kwana huɗu na masu fasaha da ƙungiyoyi daga ƙasashe goma sha biyu sun nuna bambancin da ikon matasa masu ba da kide-kide na Turai na yau. An rubuta aikin Brunvoll a cikin kundi na farko mai taken kansa daga shekarar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.moldejazz.no/2010/index.php?page_id=11948 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213120/http://www.moldejazz.no/2010/index.php?page_id=11948 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=[[Moldejazz]].no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugge Wesseltoft ya zaɓi &quot;mai basira sosai&quot; Brunvoll a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa uku masu alƙawari don gabatarwa a Bylarm 2010. Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo biyu tare da ita a [[Amsterdam]] 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;kalleklev&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214101352/http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html |archive-date=2012-12-14 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=Kalleklev.no}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121214101352/http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html &quot;Mari Kvien Brunvoll&quot;]. Kalleklev.no. Archived from [http://www.kalleklev.no/artists/1-artists/1442-mari-kvien-brunvoll.html the original] on 14 December 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 November&lt;/span&gt; 2012&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jazzinoslo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bugge presenterer Mari Kvien Brunvoll, Stian Westerhus og Moe + Bugges Organ Club |url=http://www.jazzinoslo.no/kalender/2010-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714175102/http://www.jazzinoslo.no/kalender/2010-02-20 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=JazzInOslo.no |language=Norwegian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Brunvoll tun daga shekara ta 2000 ya yi aiki sosai a bukukuwa a Norway da kuma ko'ina cikin Turai. Gudummawar da ta bayar a Nattjazz (ta lashe kyautar baiwa a Nattyazz a shekara ta 2009), Moldejazz da Øyafestivalen a Oslo shine kawai saman jerin. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Vozzajazz a shekara ta 2011, ta taka leda a bikin fasaha na Kilkenny a wannan shekarar [1] kuma ta ba da hadin kai a duo tare da Stein Urheim, wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo na Vossajazz a cikin 2010 don aikinsa daban-daban a fagen jazz na Norway. [2][3]

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ita 'yar lauya ce Knut Anker Brunvoll (an haife ta a shekara ta 1945) kuma mawaƙan jazz kuma pianist Inger Johanne Brunvoll (wanda aka haife ta Kvien a shekara ta 1945), kuma ƙaramar 'yar'uwar marubucin waƙa, guitarist da vocalist Ane Brun (an haifu ta a shekara de 1976) da kuma mai daukar hoto Bjørn Brunvoll (ya haifu ta 1973). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mari Kvien Brunvoll |url=http://www.moldejazz.no/2010/index.php?page_id=11948 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213120/http://www.moldejazz.no/2010/index.php?page_id=11948 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=2012-11-17 |publisher=[[Moldejazz]].no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Brian Welch</title>
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      <text bytes="6908" sha1="omw3rvyb8shknd9fya11kujyltj2wfi" xml:space="preserve">'''Brian Philip Welch''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1970), wanda kuma aka sani da sunansa na mataki '''Head''', mawaƙi ne ɗan Amurka. Shi ɗan guitar ne kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar mawakan Nu metal Korn &lt;ref name=&quot;lvrj.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2009 |title=Highs and Lows – Entertainment / Neon – ReviewJournal.com |url=http://www.lvrj.com/neon/55668777.html |access-date=June 8, 2011 |publisher=Lvrj.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma aikinsa na kaɗaici Love and Death, inda yake ba da waƙoƙi. Tare da abokin aikinsa James &quot;Munky&quot; Shaffer, Welch ya taimaka wajen haɓaka sautin Korn na musamman (haɗuwar gitar mai kama da siren wanda ya kwaikwayi tasirin turntablist daban-daban da kuma ruri mai raguwa) wanda ya bayyana kyawun ƙarfe na nu tun daga tsakiyar '90s. &lt;ref name=&quot;lvrj.com&quot; /&gt;

Bayan ya zama [[Kirista]], Welch ya bar ƙungiyar a shekarar 2005 don mayar da hankali kan rayuwa a matsayin uba da kuma ci gaba da aikinsa na kaɗaici. Ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na Kirista, ''Save Me from Myself'', a shekarar 2008. Ya sake haɗuwa da Korn a kan dandamali a Carolina Rebellion a watan Mayun 2012 a karon farko cikin shekaru bakwai; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brandon Geist |date=May 8, 2012 |title=Exclusive Photos: Korn with Founding Guitarist Head |url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/exclusive-photos-korn-with-founding-guitarist-head.html |access-date=May 6, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Welch ya sanar a hukumance a watan Mayun 2013 cewa zai sake shiga ƙungiyar. Welch da Munky sun kasance a matsayi na 26 a cikin manyan masu guitar na ƙarfe 100 mafi girma a duniya {{'}} ''Guitar World'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guitar World's &quot;100 Greatest Metal Guitarists of All Time&quot; – Blogcritics Music |url=http://blogcritics.org/music/article/guitar-worlds-100-greatest-metal-guitarists/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605132029/http://blogcritics.org/music/article/guitar-worlds-100-greatest-metal-guitarists/ |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |access-date=June 8, 2011 |publisher=Blogcritics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Welch a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1970 a Harbor City, [[Los Angeles]] [1] ko Torrance, California, [2] kuma ya girma a Bakersfield . [3] [4] Ya bambanta da yawancin yara, kuma an yi masa cin zarafi a makaranta. Yana son kiɗa, kuma babban mai son Ozzy Osbourne ne. Da farko, Welch ya nuna sha'awar buga ganguna, amma mahaifinsa ya shawo kansa ya buga guitar don kada ya jawo kayan ganga. Ya fara buga guitar yana ɗan shekara 10. Gitarsa ta farko ita ce Peavey Mystic, wanda ya ambata a cikin littafinsa Save Me from Myself a matsayin &quot;watakila ita ce gitar da ta fi kama da ƙarfe da ka taɓa gani.&quot;

Da yake bayyana yadda ya sami laƙabinsa &quot;The Head&quot;, Welch ya ce,

: &quot;Saurayi sun ce kaina ya yi kama da girman jikina, don haka suka fara kirana 'Kai.' Ina tsammanin ya makale&quot;. 

== Korn (1993–2005, 2013–yanzu) ==
[[Fayil:Brian_&quot;Head&quot;_Welch,_Belle_Vernon,_PA_(15_May_2013).png|thumb|Welch yana wasa tare da Korn a shekarar 2013]]

=== Tsarin aiki ===
Korn ya kafa ƙungiyar LAPD bayan rabuwar ƙungiyar saboda [[Addiction|shan ƙwayoyi]] ga mawaƙin Richard Morrill. Mawakan Reginald Arvizu, James Shaffer, da David Silveria sun so su ci gaba, kuma suka ɗauki Welch don ya buga guitar a cikin sabuwar ƙungiyarsu mai suna &quot;Creep&quot;. A farkon 1993, ƙungiyar ta lura da mawaƙin Jonathan Davis bayan ya ga ƙungiyarsa ta Sexart kuma ta yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukarsa aiki. Da farko Davis bai so ya shiga ƙungiyar ba, amma bayan ya tuntuɓi wani mai ilimin halin ɗan adam sai ya canza ra'ayinsa ya yi gwaji. Bayan an ɗauki Davis aiki, ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar sake suna ga kansu. &quot;Jonathan yana da ra'ayin sabon suna nan take. Ya ba da shawarar mu kira ƙungiyar &quot;Korn,&quot; kuma duk mun ji daɗinsa. Ya yi kama da abin tsoro domin ya tunatar da mu wannan fim ɗin ban tsoro ''na Children of the Corn'' . 

Farawa da kundin wakokin Korn mai taken kansa da kuma kundin wakokin da suka biyo baya ''Life Is Peachy'', ''Follow The Leader'', ''Issues'', ''Untouchables'', da ''Take A Look in the Mirror'', ƙungiyar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin nu metal masu sayarwa a hankali, inda ta sami dala miliyan 25 a cikin kuɗin sarauta da kuma sayar da filayen wasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;lvrj.com&quot;/&gt;

=== Juyawa zuwa Kiristanci da kuma ficewa daga Korn ===
A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2005, shugabannin Korn sun sanar da cewa bayan kusan shekaru 12, Welch ya bar Korn, yana mai ambaton cewa &quot;...ya zaɓi Ubangiji [[Isa|Yesu]] Kiristi a matsayin mai cetonsa, kuma zai sadaukar da ayyukansa na kiɗa don wannan manufar.&quot;    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guitar World's &quot;100 Greatest Metal Guitarists of All Time&quot; – Blogcritics Music |url=http://blogcritics.org/music/article/guitar-worlds-100-greatest-metal-guitarists/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605132029/http://blogcritics.org/music/article/guitar-worlds-100-greatest-metal-guitarists/ |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |access-date=June 8, 2011 |publisher=Blogcritics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wata hira ta rediyo a 2009 da The Full Armor of God Broadcast, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pridgen |first=Andrew |title=Korn guitarist cuts chaotic ad for Bakersfield furniture store |url=https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/brian-head-welch-guitarist-nu-metal-18327645.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526041718/https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/brian-head-welch-guitarist-nu-metal-18327645.php |archive-date=2024-05-26 |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=SFGATE |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Welch ya bayyana: &quot;Wata rana ina tafiya, kawai ina yin abin da nake yi na Rock &amp; Roll ina samun miliyoyin daloli, kun san nasara da komai, na kamu da miyagun ƙwayoyi, sannan washegari na sami Ru'ya ta Almasihu kuma na ce, komai yana canzawa yanzu!&quot; A ranar 10 ga Maris, 2005, an yi wa Welch baftisma a Kogin [[Jodan|Jordan]] tare da ƙungiyar masu bi daga cocinsa da ke Bakersfield, California . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-08-19 |title=Bakersfield's Brian 'Head' Welch discusses Korn and the band's experience during quarantine |url=https://www.turnto23.com/news/23abc-morning-show/bakersfields-brian-head-welch-discusses-korns-new-release |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=KERO 23 ABC News Bakersfield |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya bayyana cewa ya kawar da dukkan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin &quot;sake lafiyarsa&quot; tare da Allah, inda ya shiga ɗakin otal ya zauna a kan gadonsa na tsawon sa'o'i.

Welch da Davis sun kai wa juna hari a kafafen yada labarai bayan tafiyar tsohon. Bayan Welch ya ce Davis da sauran Korn suna damuwa ne kawai da kuɗi, Davis ya mayar da martani da kansa, inda ya buɗe musu rashin jituwa wanda tun daga lokacin aka warware shi. A wata hira da aka yi da Welch, an tambayi Welch game da littafinsa da kuma martanin Korn ga littafin da kuma hare-haren da ya kai a kafofin watsa labarai a baya a ƙungiyar mawakan:
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miltiadis Papaioannou</title>
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        <username>BnHamid</username>
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      <text bytes="1096" sha1="b55fmtdu6nqbni5vmkkvh9fxtvkwxzu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Miltiadis Papaioannou''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]], an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) ɗan siyasan Girka ne na Ƙungiyar Socialist ta Panhellenic (PASOK).

An haife shi a ƙauyen Lykouria (yanzu wani ɓangare na garin Kalavryta) a Akaya . Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya. Ya zama memba na kungiyar siyasa ta PASOK tun daga kafuwarta, kuma an zabe shi a cikin majalisar dokokin Hellenic daga 1981 don mazabar Athens B ban da zaben 1989, 1993 da 2007. Ya yi aiki a cikin mukamai masu zuwa: Mataimakin Ministan Cikin Gida (1982), Ministan Shari'a (1985), Mataimakin Ministar Shugabancin Gwamnati da Kakakin Gwamnati (1986), Babban Sakataren Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki ta Kasa (1993), Ministan Ayyuka da Tsaron Jama'a (1996), Ministan Jiha (2000). Daga 17 ga Yuni 2011 har zuwa 17 ga Mayu 2012 ya rike mukamin Ministan Shari'a, Bayyanawa da 'Yancin Dan Adam.

== Haɗin waje ==

* Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a Helenanci) 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fim din Fifty</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971290</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971291</id>
      <parentid>971290</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

== 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971295</id>
      <parentid>971294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:50:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971296</id>
      <parentid>971295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:50:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===</text>
      <sha1>fxvvhwr0k99tyceo1297eu3pg3yhkwf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971297</id>
      <parentid>971296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:51:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971297</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7055" sha1="hkae4v6h8ue6tim3zs1v4wnv9nkp1xh" xml:space="preserve">
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hkae4v6h8ue6tim3zs1v4wnv9nkp1xh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971298</id>
      <parentid>971297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:51:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7069" sha1="ll87dpxjlsqc3ttcd7s5dnt4y56n28t" xml:space="preserve">
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitowa ==</text>
      <sha1>ll87dpxjlsqc3ttcd7s5dnt4y56n28t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971299</id>
      <parentid>971298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:52:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971299</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7712" sha1="rzpf6vsoh8jydt984l7mks8v2gas923" xml:space="preserve">
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitowa ==
''Fifty'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Fifty a Landan a watan Oktoban 2015, wanda ya ƙare cikin kwana huɗu, kuma an gudanar da wani gwaji na sirri a Legas a wannan watan. An gudanar da babban taron a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba, 2015, a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal ɗin Eko da Suites]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fifty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971300</id>
      <parentid>971299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:52:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971300</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7753" sha1="1jbgd8fojh7fd64304keslnkhifoc5e" xml:space="preserve">
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitowa ==
''Fifty'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Fifty a Landan a watan Oktoban 2015, wanda ya ƙare cikin kwana huɗu, kuma an gudanar da wani gwaji na sirri a Legas a wannan watan. An gudanar da babban taron a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba, 2015, a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal ɗin Eko da Suites]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fifty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. 

== Karɓar girmamawa mai mahimmanci ==</text>
      <sha1>1jbgd8fojh7fd64304keslnkhifoc5e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971301</id>
      <parentid>971300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:52:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347090059|Fifty (film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971301</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8031" sha1="c622hhpsjkin0dhuxrfr3jk2y7mmbtl" xml:space="preserve">
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitowa ==
''Fifty'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Fifty a Landan a watan Oktoban 2015, wanda ya ƙare cikin kwana huɗu, kuma an gudanar da wani gwaji na sirri a Legas a wannan watan. An gudanar da babban taron a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba, 2015, a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal ɗin Eko da Suites]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fifty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. 

== Karɓar girmamawa mai mahimmanci ==
Fim ɗin ya gamu da sharhi masu ban sha'awa da dama. Nollywood Reinvented ta ba fim ɗin maki 52% kuma ta nuna rashin abubuwan da ke ciki da zurfinsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c622hhpsjkin0dhuxrfr3jk2y7mmbtl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971302</id>
      <parentid>971301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:53:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
        <id>38014</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8042" sha1="39j85zdurmr0iym35hpnswgntlxrovx" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitowa ==
''Fifty'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Fifty a Landan a watan Oktoban 2015, wanda ya ƙare cikin kwana huɗu, kuma an gudanar da wani gwaji na sirri a Legas a wannan watan. An gudanar da babban taron a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba, 2015, a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal ɗin Eko da Suites]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fifty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. 

== Karɓar girmamawa mai mahimmanci ==
Fim ɗin ya gamu da sharhi masu ban sha'awa da dama. Nollywood Reinvented ta ba fim ɗin maki 52% kuma ta nuna rashin abubuwan da ke ciki da zurfinsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971303</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:53:48Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Umar Rabiuu</username>
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      <text bytes="8057" sha1="ldn7qzlgw0itc5vll3dhooezwalb68k" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Fifty''''' fim ne na soyayya na Najeriya da aka yi a shekarar 2015, wanda [[Biyi Bandele]] ya ba da umarni kuma aka fitar a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Labari ==
Fifty ya nuna wasu muhimman kwanaki na mata huɗu da suka yi fice a aikinsu. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, da Kate abokai huɗu ne da aka tilasta musu tun suna tsakiyar rayuwa su yi nazarin rayuwarsu ta kashin kansu yayin da suke haɗa rayuwarsu da iyalansu a kan yanayin unguwannin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tola tauraro ne na talabijin na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; Elizabeth fitacciyar likitar haihuwa ce wadda sha'awar samari ya raba ta da 'yarta. Maria, mai shekaru arba'in da tara, tana da wata irin soyayya da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da daukar ciki ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yakin da Kate ta yi da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwarta ya sanya ta cikin sha'awar addini.

=== Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ===

* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] a matsayin Elizabeth, wacce likita ce mai kula da haihuwa wadda sha'awarta ga samari ya haifar da matsala ga dangantakarta da 'yarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] a matsayin Tola, wanda tauraron talabijin ne na gaskiya wanda aurensa da lauya Kunle bai taɓa samun nasara ba saboda wani sirrin iyali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Maria wacce mace ce mai shekaru arba'in da tara wacce ta yi lalata da wani mutum mai aure wanda hakan ya haifar da ciki ba zato ba tsammani &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Kate wacce ke fama da wata cuta mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ta jefa ta cikin sha'awar addini &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Wale Ojo]] a matsayin Kunle &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kachi Nnochiri a matsayin Chike &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Emmanuel Ikubese]] a matsayin Sammy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju|Kemi 'Lala' Akindoju]] as Chi Chi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Timini Egbuson]] a matsayin Jamal &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Uzor Kogin|Uzor Osimpa]] a matsayin Sade &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taurarin baƙi ===

* [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Adé]] a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Femi Kuti a matsayinsa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nneka a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Tiwa Savage]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Waje]] a matsayinta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitowa ==
''Fifty'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Fifty a Landan a watan Oktoban 2015, wanda ya ƙare cikin kwana huɗu, kuma an gudanar da wani gwaji na sirri a Legas a wannan watan. An gudanar da babban taron a ranar Lahadi, 13 ga Disamba, 2015, a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal ɗin Eko da Suites]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fifty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015. 

== Karɓar girmamawa mai mahimmanci ==
Fim ɗin ya gamu da sharhi masu ban sha'awa da dama. Nollywood Reinvented ta ba fim ɗin maki 52% kuma ta nuna rashin abubuwan da ke ciki da zurfinsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

==Manazarta</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Janeen L. Birckhead</title>
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'''Janeen L.''' '''Birckhead''' jami'ar sojan Amurka ce da ke aiki a matsayin janar na riƙon ƙwarya na Maryland tun daga watan Afrilun 2023. Ita ce Manjo Janar na Rundunar Tsaron Sojojin Sama ta Maryland . A da, ta kasance babbar mai ba da shawara a Ofishin Gudanar da Asusun Amincewa da Kuɗi kuma mataimakiyar janar na riƙon ƙwarya daga watan Yunin 2018 zuwa Afrilun 2023.

== Sana'a ==
An haifi Birckhead ga Fannie Mae (née Ward) da Lewis Birckhead. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-11 |title=Birckhead Appointed Adjutant General By Governor; Snow Hill Alumna Becomes Nation's First Black Woman To Lead State Military In Country |url=https://mdcoastdispatch.com/2023/04/11/birckhead-appointed-adjutant-general-by-governor/ |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=News Ocean City Maryland Coast Dispatch Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mahaifiyarta, 'yar siyasa ta gida, ita ce Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ta farko da aka zaɓa a ofishin gundumar a Gundumar Worcester, Maryland kuma ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a Gabashin Tekun Maryland . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hine |first=Hunter |date=2023-05-04 |title=Snow Hill native named 31st adjutant general last month |url=https://www.oceancitytoday.com/lifestyle/snow-hill-native-named-31st-adjutant-general-last-month/article_c0fbeee8-ea9b-11ed-8d87-73f646bf19b5.html |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Ocean City Today |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Birckhead ta girma ne a Snow Hill, Maryland inda ta halarci Makarantar Firamare, Tsakiya, da Sakandare ta Snow Hill. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Demko |first=Keith |date=April 6, 2023 |title=Snow Hill native Birckhead tapped by Gov. Wes Moore to lead Maryland's military |url=https://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/maryland/2023/04/06/gov-wes-moore-taps-snow-hills-birckhead-to-lead-marylands-military/70087623007/ |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Salisbury Daily Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tun tana da shekaru 14, ta fara aiki a wani gidan cin abinci mai sauri a Ocean City, Maryland a lokacin bazara.  Tana cikin ƙungiyar masu ba da gudummawa ta ƙwallon kwando a makarantar sakandare kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar 4-H . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

A shekarar 1991, ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Hampton inda ta kasance memba a cikin Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve .  Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin gudanarwa daga Kwalejin Jami'ar Maryland da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin dabarun yaƙi a Kwalejin Yaƙin Sojojin Amurka . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Birckhead ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Amurka a matsayin Laftanar na biyu a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1991. Daga watan Yuni zuwa Nuwamba a wannan shekarar, ta halarci makarantar koyon sinadarai a Fort McClellan . Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in sinadarai a rundunar 419th Chemical Detachment da ke Washington, DC har zuwa watan Mayu 1993. Daga nan aka mayar da ita zuwa Cibiyar Ayyuka ta 29th Rear Area har zuwa watan Agusta 1995. Daga 1995 zuwa 1996, ta kasance mataimakiyar sansani ga James F. Fretterd, Janar Janar a Baltimore Maryland. 
[[Fayil:Leaders_visit_National_Guard_troops_supporting_Capitol_Response_II_(50898376128).jpg|left|thumb|Birckhead tare da membobin National Guard da 'Yan sandan Capitol na Amurka, Janairu 2021]]
Daga Afrilu 2017 zuwa Mayu 2018, Birckhead ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan harkokin majalisa na Maryland National Guard . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-11 |title=Birckhead Appointed Adjutant General By Governor; Snow Hill Alumna Becomes Nation's First Black Woman To Lead State Military In Country |url=https://mdcoastdispatch.com/2023/04/11/birckhead-appointed-adjutant-general-by-governor/ |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=News Ocean City Maryland Coast Dispatch Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar janar mai kula da tsaro daga Yuni 2018 zuwa Afrilu 2023.  Ta yi aiki mai hula biyu daga Maris 2020 zuwa Mayu 2023 a matsayin mataimakiyar kwamandan harkokin babban bankin Kwalejin Yaƙin Sojojin Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; A lokacin mulkinta, Birckhead ta taimaka wa gwamnatin Hogan wajen magance matsalolin daidaito wajen rarraba [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] a Maryland,  kuma DC National Guard ta zaɓe ta don zama Kwamandan Task Force Capitol Fields don rantsar da Joe Biden a matsayin shugaban ƙasa .   Ta kuma kasance babbar mai ba da shawara a Ofishin Gudanar da Asusun Amincewa a Ofishin Harkokin Indiya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; A watan Maris 2023, an shigar da Birckhead cikin Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Maryland . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Brigadier General Janeen L. Birckhead |url=https://www.capitalgazette.com/photos/ac-cn-anne-arundel-women-in-hall-of-fame-vg-20230327-wlo6yckrmrfibpxnuqtrqswn5y-photogallery.html |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=Capital Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Afrilun 2023, an ƙara wa Birckhead matsayi zuwa Manjo Janar kuma gwamna Wes Moore ya naɗa shi a matsayin mataimakin janar na 31 na Maryland .  Ita ce ke jagorantar Ma'aikatar Soja ta Maryland . Ita ce kaɗai mace baƙar fata da ke jagorantar rundunar sojin jiha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-11 |title=Birckhead Appointed Adjutant General By Governor; Snow Hill Alumna Becomes Nation's First Black Woman To Lead State Military In Country |url=https://mdcoastdispatch.com/2023/04/11/birckhead-appointed-adjutant-general-by-governor/ |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=News Ocean City Maryland Coast Dispatch Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin manyan janar-janar na rundunar tsaron kasa ta Amurka
* Tarihin soja na 'yan Afirka na Amurka
* Mata a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur</title>
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Qazan (ya mutu a shekara ta 1346) shi ne khan na Chagatai Khanate daga c. 1343 har zuwa rasuwarsa.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
Qazan ɗan Yasa'ur ne, yarima Chagatayid wanda ya yi tawaye a cikin 1310s. Bayan ya hau gadon sarauta, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kara ikonsa a cikin ul''Us''. Wadannan matakan sun haifar da fushin manyan mutane, wadanda suka ba da goyon baya a bayan Qara'unas Amir Qazaghan. Su biyu sun tafi yaƙi a shekara ta 1345; Qazan ya ci Qazaghan a yaƙi a arewacin Iron Gates . Da aka ci nasara kuma ya ji rauni, Qazaghan ya janye, amma maimakon ya bi Qazan ya yanke shawarar yin hunturu a fadarsa a Qarshi, ya ba Qazaghana damar sake gina sojojinsa. A shekara mai zuwa Qazaghan ya sake yaƙi da sojojin Qazan kuma a wannan lokacin ya ci su; An kashe Qazan a lokacin yakin.

Mutuwar Qazan ta nuna ƙarshen tasirin ikon gidan Chagatai a cikin Transoxiana (sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga 1360 har zuwa 1363); amirs sun kwace iko da ul''Us'' kuma khans sun yi mulki da suna kawai. Khan na gaba, Danishmandchi, ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Qazaghan, wanda ya zama babban jagora na ul''Us''.

== Manazarta ==
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Qazan (ya mutu a shekara ta 1346) shi ne khan na Chagatai Khanate daga c. 1343 har zuwa rasuwarsa.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
Qazan ɗan Yasa'ur ne, yarima Chagatayid wanda ya yi tawaye a cikin 1310s. Bayan ya hau gadon sarauta, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kara ikonsa a cikin ul''Us''. Wadannan matakan sun haifar da fushin manyan mutane, wadanda suka ba da goyon baya a bayan Qara'unas Amir Qazaghan. Su biyu sun tafi yaƙi a shekara ta 1345; Qazan ya ci Qazaghan a yaƙi a arewacin Iron Gates . Da aka ci nasara kuma ya ji rauni, Qazaghan ya janye, amma maimakon ya bi Qazan ya yanke shawarar yin hunturu a fadarsa a Qarshi, ya ba Qazaghana damar sake gina sojojinsa. A shekara mai zuwa Qazaghan ya sake yaƙi da sojojin Qazan kuma a wannan lokacin ya ci su; An kashe Qazan a lokacin yakin.

Mutuwar Qazan ta nuna ƙarshen tasirin ikon gidan Chagatai a cikin Transoxiana (sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga 1360 har zuwa 1363); amirs sun kwace iko da ul''Us'' kuma khans sun yi mulki da suna kawai. Khan na gaba, Danishmandchi, ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Qazaghan, wanda ya zama babban jagora na ul''Us''.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

===Madogara===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Grousset |first = René |author-link = René Grousset |orig-year = 1939 |title = The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia |title-link = The Empire of the Steppes |translator-first = Naomi |translator-last = Walford |location = New Brunswick, NJ |publisher = Rutgers University Press |publication-date = 1970 |ISBN = 0-8135-1304-9 }}
* {{cite book |last = Manz |first = Beatrice Forbes |title = The Rise and Rule of Tamberlane |publisher = Cambridge University Press |location = Cambridge, England |publication-date = 1989 |ISBN = 0-521-63384-2 }}
{{refend}}
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Qazan (ya mutu a shekara ta 1346) shi ne khan na Chagatai Khanate daga c. 1343 har zuwa rasuwarsa.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
Qazan ɗan Yasa'ur ne, yarima Chagatayid wanda ya yi tawaye a cikin 1310s. Bayan ya hau gadon sarauta, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kara ikonsa a cikin ul''Us''. Wadannan matakan sun haifar da fushin manyan mutane, wadanda suka ba da goyon baya a bayan Qara'unas Amir Qazaghan. Su biyu sun tafi yaƙi a shekara ta 1345; Qazan ya ci Qazaghan a yaƙi a arewacin Iron Gates . Da aka ci nasara kuma ya ji rauni, Qazaghan ya janye, amma maimakon ya bi Qazan ya yanke shawarar yin hunturu a fadarsa a Qarshi, ya ba Qazaghana damar sake gina sojojinsa. A shekara mai zuwa Qazaghan ya sake yaƙi da sojojin Qazan kuma a wannan lokacin ya ci su; An kashe Qazan a lokacin yakin.&lt;ref&gt;Grousset, p. 342&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutuwar Qazan ta nuna ƙarshen tasirin ikon gidan Chagatai a cikin Transoxiana (sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga 1360 har zuwa 1363); amirs sun kwace iko da ul''Us'' kuma khans sun yi mulki da suna kawai.&lt;ref&gt;Manz, p. 43&lt;/ref&gt; Khan na gaba, Danishmandchi, ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Qazaghan, wanda ya zama babban jagora na ul''Us''.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

===Madogara===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Grousset |first = René |author-link = René Grousset |orig-year = 1939 |title = The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia |title-link = The Empire of the Steppes |translator-first = Naomi |translator-last = Walford |location = New Brunswick, NJ |publisher = Rutgers University Press |publication-date = 1970 |ISBN = 0-8135-1304-9 }}
* {{cite book |last = Manz |first = Beatrice Forbes |title = The Rise and Rule of Tamberlane |publisher = Cambridge University Press |location = Cambridge, England |publication-date = 1989 |ISBN = 0-521-63384-2 }}
{{refend}}
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'''n&quot;&gt;''Islamkundliche Untersuchungen''''' (est. 1970) [[Book series|jerin]] wallafe-wallafen ilimi ne a fagen nazarin Islama wanda {{Interlanguage link|Klaus Schwarz Verlag|de}} [de] na [[Berlin]], Jamus ya bayar. Yawancin matani suna [[Discipline (academia)|filin]] Jamusanci, tare da wasu a Turanci, Faransanci ko wasu harsuna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=[[Cornell University Library]] |title=Middle East &amp; Islamic Studies Collection: Academic &amp; Scholarly Journals |url=https://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/acadjour.htm |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106113830/https://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/acadjour.htm |archive-date=6 January 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jerin lakabi ==

=== Adadin 1-99 (1970-1984) ===

# Quellenstudien zur frühen Mamlukenzeit / Ulrich Haarmann. Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1970
# Prophetenwunder in der Aschariyya|Aš'arīya bis al-Ġazālī: Algazel. / Peter Antes. Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1970.
# Osmanische Polemik gegen die Safawiden im 16. Jahrhundert nach arabischen Handschriften / Elke Eberhard. - Freiburg i.Br.: Schwarz, 1970
# Erziehung und Bildung im Schahname von Firdousi: eine Studie zur Geschichte der Erziehung im alten Iran / Dariusch Bayat-Sarmadi. - Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1970
# Die frühen Safawiden nach Qāẓī Aḥmad Qumī / Erika Glassen, Freiburg i. Br. 1970
# Turkmenen|Turkmenische Herrscher des 15. Jahrhunderts in Persien und Mesopotamien nach dem Tārīẖ al-Ġiyāṯī / Marianne Schmidt-Dumont. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1970
# Osmanen|Osmanische Sultansurkunden des Katharinenkloster (Sinai)|Sinai-Klosters in türkischer Sprache / Klaus Schwarz. - Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1970
# Beiträge zur Ayyubiden|ayyubidischen Diplomatik / Hein, Horst-Adolf, Freiburg i.Br.. Schwarz. 1971
# Der arabische Dialekt von Mekka: Abriß d. Grammatik mit Texten u. Glossar. Giselher Schreiber. Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1971
# Die Kapitel über Traumtheorie und Traumdeutung aus dem kitāb at-taḥrīr fī'ilm at-tafsīr des Ḍiyā'ad-Dīn al-Ǧazīrī: (7./13. Jh.) / Diyā'ad-dīn al- Ǧazīrī; Cherifa Magdi. Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1971.
# Der aserbeidschanische Dialekt von Schahpur: Phonologie und Morphologie / Manutschehr Amirpur-Ahrendjani. - Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1971
# Die Frauen im Schahname: ihre Geschichte und Stellung unter gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung vor- und nachislamischer Quellen / Djalal Khaleghi Motlagh. - Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1971
# Der osmanische Historiker Ḥüseyn b. Ǧaʿfer, genannt Hezārfenn, und die Istanbuler Gesellschaft in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts / Heidrun Wurm. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1971
# Briefe und Reden des Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ġazzālī / Abū-Ḥāmid Muḥammad Ibn-Muḥammad al- Ġazzālī. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1971
# Beiträge zur Mamluken|mamlukischen Historiographie nach dem Tode al-Malik an-Nāṣirs / Barbara Schäfer. - Freiburg (i. B.): Schwarz, 1971
# Zur Theologie der Schiʿa: eine Untersuchung des Ǧāmiʿ al-asrār wa-manbaʿ al-anwār von Sayyid Ḥaidar Āmolī / Peter Antes. - Freiburg (im Breisgau): Schwarz, 1971
# Athanasius von Qūṣ Qilādat at-taḥrīr fī ʿilm at-tafsīr: eine koptische Grammatik in arabischer Sprache aus dem 13./14. Jh. / Athanasius &lt;von Qūṣ&gt;. - 1972
# Die Kopten in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft: von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 1923 / Doris Behrens-Abouseif. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1972
# Die Terminologie Ibn ʿArabīs im &quot;Kitāb wasāʾil as-sāʾil&quot; des Ibn-Saudakīn: Text, Übersetzung und Analyse / Manfred Profitlich. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1973
# Geschichte und Geschichtsschreiber der ʿAbd al-Wādiden: Algerien im 13.-15. Jahrhundert; mit einer Teiledition des Naẓm ad-Durr des Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Ǧalīl at-Tanasī / Hars Kurio. - Freiburg im Breisgau: K. Schwarz, 1973
# Abū 'l-Ḥasan ʿAlī: Merinidenpolitik zwischen Nordafrika und Spanien in den Jahren 710-752 H./1310-1351 / Rudolf Thoden. - Freiburg (im Breisgau): Schwarz, 1973
# Leben und Weltbild des altosmanischen Dichters Aḥmedī unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seines Diwans / Tunca Kortantamer. - Freiburg (im Breisgau): Schwarz, 1973
# Ägypten und Syrien zwischen 1317 und 1341 in der Chronik des Mufaḍḍal b. Abī l-Faḍā'il / Samira Kortantamer. - Freiburg Br.: Schwarz, 1973
# Edirne vakasi = Das Ereignis von Edirne / Heinrich Georg Baum. - Freiburg im Br.: Schwarz, 1973
# Transoxanien und Turkestan zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts: das Mihmān-nāma-yi Buḫārā des Faḍlallāh b. Rūzbihān Ḫunǧī; Übersetzung und Kommentar / Faḍlallāh Ibn-Rūzbihān Ḫunǧī. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1974
# Der Islam in Werken moderner türkischer Schriftsteller: 1923 – 1950 / Kerim Yavuz. - Freiburg i.Br.: Schwarz, 1974
# Leben und Dichtung des Omaiyadenkalifen al-Walīd Ibn-Yazīd: ein quellenkritischer Beitrag / Dieter Derenk. - Freiburg i.Br.: Schwarz, 1974
# Aus den Aufzeichnungen des Saʿīd Giray Sulṭān: eine zeitgenössische Quelle zur Geschichte des Khanat der Krim|Chanats der Krim um die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts / Barbara Kellner-Heinkele. - Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1975
# Briefe und Urkunden aus der Kanzlei Uzun Hasans: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte Ost-Anatoliens im 15. Jahrhundert / Mehmet Şefik Keçik. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1976
# Die Ortsnamen der europäischen Türkei nach amtlichen Verzeichnissen und Kartenwerken / Klaus Kreiser. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1975
# Zur Soziologie des Schiiten|schiitischen Chiliasmus: ein Beitrag zur Erforschung des irakischen Schiitische Passionsspiele|Passionsspiels / Ibrahim al- Haidari. - Freiburg im Br.: Schwarz, 1975
# Die altosmanischen Chroniken als Quelle zur türkischen Volkskunde / Hasan Özdemir. - Freiburg i. Br.: Schwarz, 1975
# Edirne im 17. Jahrhundert nach Evliyā Çelebī: ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der osmanischen Stadt / Klaus Kreiser. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1975
# Riʾāsa und qaḍāʾ: Institutionen als Ausdruck wechselnder Kräfteverhältnisse in syrischen Städten vom 10. bis zum 12. Jahrhundert / Axel Havemann. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1975
# Verdienst und Rang: die Fadā'il|Faḍā'il als literarisches und gesellschaftliches Problem im Islam / Ernst August Gruber. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1975
# Ibn ar-Rāhibs Leben und Werk: ein Kopten|koptisch-arabischer Enzyklopädist des 7./13. Jahrhunderts / Adel Y. Sidarus. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1975
# Krimtatarische Sprache|Krimtatarische Urkunden im Reichsarchiv zu Kopenhagen: mit historisch-diplomatischen und sprachlichen Untersuchungen / Josef Matuz. - Freiburg im Breisgau: K. Schwarz, 1976
# Über die Steine: das 14. Kapitel aus dem &quot;Kitāb al-Muršid&quot; des Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad at-Tamīmī, nach dem Pariser Manuskript herausgegeben, übersetzt und kommentiert / Jutta Schönfeld. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1976
# Beiträge zur Geschichte des osmanischen Ägyptens: nach arabischen Sultans- und Statthalterurkunden des Katharinenkloster (Sinai)|Sinai-Klosters / Robert Humbsch. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1976
# Die Territorialverwaltung im östlichen Teil der europäischen Türkei vom Erlass der Vilayetsordnung (1864) bis zum Berliner Kongress (1878) nach amtlichen osmanischen Veröffentlichungen / Hans-Jürgen Kornrumpf. - Freiburg Br.: Schwarz, 1976
# Die Staats- und Gesellschaftstheorie bei Sayyid Gamāladdīn, &quot;Al Afghāni&quot;, als Beitrag zur Reform der islamischen Gesellschaften in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts / Hani Srour. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1977
# Zum Verhältnis von Autor und Werk bei dem modernpersischen Erzähler Ṣâdeq Hedâyat / Eberhard Krüger. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1977
# Der Briefwechsel Abbas Mirzas mit dem britischen Gesandten MacDonald Kinneir im Zeichen des Zweiter russisch-persischer Krieg|zweiten russisch-persischen Krieges: (1825-1828). Ein Beitr. z. Geschichte d. persisch-englischen Beziehungen i. d. frühen Kadscharenzeit / Ekbal, Kamran, Freiburg. Schwarz. 1977
# Studien zum Diwan (Ra'i)|Diwan des Ra'i an-Numairi|Ra'i / Reinhard Weipert. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1977
# Die Revolte des Ibn al-Ašʿaṯ und die Koranleser: ein Beitrag zur Religions- und Sozialgeschichte der frühen Umayyadenzeit / Redwan Sayed. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1977
# Kitbuġā und Lāǧīn: Studien zur Mamluken-Geschichte nach Baibars al-Mansūrī und an-Nuwairī / Shah Morad Elham. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1977
# Untersuchungen zum persischen Papageienbuch des Naḫšabī / Mahroo Hatami. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1977
# Zu den Osmanische Sprache|osmanischen Verbformen des 16. Jahrhunderts nach dem Mecmūʿ-i Menāzil des Maṭrāqçī Naṣūḥ / Irene Waetzoldt. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1978
# Formantien im Krimtatarische Sprache|Krimtatarischen / Ilhan Çeneli. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1979
# Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca: Weltschöpfung und Tiersymbolik / Gisela Kraft. - Freiburg i.Br.: Schwarz, 1978
# Die Siedlungsnamen Westthrakiens nach amtlichen Verzeichnissen und Kartenwerken / Klaus Kreiser. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1978
# Kritische Untersuchungen zum Dīwān|Diwan des Kumait_Ibn_Zaid / Kathrin Müller. - Freiburg: Schwarz, 1979
# Gesellschaftlicher Rang und ethnische Legitimation: der arabische Schriftsteller Abū ʿUṯmān al-Ǧāḥiẓ (gest. 868) über die Afrikaner, Perser und Araber in der islamischen Gesellschaft / Susanne Enderwitz. - Freiburg i.Br.: Schwarz, 1979
#  
# Ideologie und Politik der Muslimbrüder Syriens: von den Wahlen 1947 bis zum Verbot unter Adib asch-Schischakli|Adīb aš-Šīšaklī 1952 / Johannes Reissner. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1980
# The Ottoman Jewish communities and their role in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries / Mark A. Epstein. - Freiburg im Breisgau: Schwarz, 1980
# Die Kunst des Sklavenkaufs: nach arabischen, persischen und türkischen Ratgebern vom 10. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert / Hans Müller. - Freiburg i.Br.: Schwarz, 1980
# Al-Ḥakīm at-Tirmiḏi: ein islamischer Theosoph des 3./9. Jahrhunderts / Bernd Radtke. - Freiburg: Schwarz Verl., 1980
# Der geistige Hintergrund des türkischen Historikers Ahmed Zeki Velidi Togan: nach seinen Memoiren / Friedrich Bergdolt. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1981
# Das Kitāb ar-rauḍ al-ʿāṭir des Ibn-Aiyūb: Damaskus|Damaszener Biographien des 10./16. Jahrhunderts, Beschreibung und Edition / Mūsā Ibn-Yūsuf Ibn-Aiyūb al-Anṣārī. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1981
# Frankreich und die Syrische Christen|syrischen Christen 1799-1861: Minoritäten und europäischer Imperialismus im Vorderer Orient|Vorderen Orient / Alfred Schlicht. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1981
# Waṣf bei Kušāǧim: eine Studie zur beschreibenden Dichtkunst der Abbasidenzeit / Alma Giese. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1981
#  
# Die Türkei: das Phänomen des abhängigen Kapitalismus / Judit Balázs. - Berlin [u.a.]: Schwarz, 1984
# Artisans and guild life in the later Safavid period: contributions to the social-economic history of Persia / Mehdi Keyvani. - Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1982
# Candid penstrokes: the lyrics of Me'ālī, an Ottoman poet of the 16th century / Me'ālī. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1982
# L'enseignement religieux dans la Turquie moderne / P. Xavier Jacob. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1982
# Regesten publizierter Safawiden|safawidischer Herrscherurkunden: Erlasse und Staatsschreiben der frühen Neuzeit Irans / Renate Schimkoreit. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1982
# Soziale Beziehungen und ihr wirtschaftlicher Ausdruck: Untersuchungen zur städtischen Gesellschaft des Naher Osten|Nahen Ostens am Beispiel Deir ez-Zor|Dair az-Zōr (Ostsyrien) / Annegret Nippa. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1982
# Quellenuntersuchungen zum Kitāb al-ʿIqd al-farīd des Andalusien|Andalusiers Ibn ʿAbdrabbih (246/860 - 328/940): ein Beitrag zur arabischen Literaturgeschichte / Walter Werkmeister. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Schejch Nureddin al-Dscherrahi|Nureddin Mehmed Cerrahî und sein Orden: (1721 - 1925) / Şenay Yola. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1982
# {{Cite book|last3=:de:Monika Gronke}}
# Regionale Reformen im Osmanisches Reich|Osmanischen Reich am Vorabend der Tanzimat: Reformen der rumelischen Provinzialgouverneure im Gerichtssprengel von Bitola|Monastir (Bitola) zur Zeit der Herrschaft Sultan Mahmud II.|Mahmuds II. (1808–39) / Michael Ursinus. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1982
# Untersuchungen zur historischen Volkskunde Ägyptens nach Mamluken|mamlukischen Quellen / Barbara Langner. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Männer um Bāyezīd: Eine prosopograph. Studie über d. Epoche Sultan Bayezid II.|Bāyezīds II. &lt;1481-1512&gt; / Hedda Reindl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Die Entstehung und Entwicklung der osmanisch-türkischen Paläographie und Diplomatik: mit einer Bibliographie / Valery Stojanow. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Egypt and the Palestine question 1936 – 1945 / Thomas Mayer. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Osmanische Sprache|Osmanisches Wortgut im Ägyptisch-Arabischen / Erich Prokosch. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Rurale Bewegungen im Libanongebirge des 19. Jahrhunderts: ein Beitrag zur Problematik sozialer Veränderungen / Axel Havemann. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Die Stiftungen des Osmanisches Reich|osmanischen Großwesirs Koca Sinan Pascha|Koǧa Sinān Pascha (gest. 1596) in Uzunǧaova, Bulgarien / Klaus Schwarz. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Egypt, Islam and social change: Al-Azhar in conflict and accommodation / A. Chris Eccel. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Talikizâde|Taʿlīḳī-zāde's Şehnāme-i hümāyūn: a history of the Osmanisches Reich|Ottoman campaign into Ungarn|Hungary 1593 – 94 / Taʿlīḳī-zāde. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Celali-Aufstände|The great Anatolian rebellion: 1000-1020/1591-1611 / William J. Griswold. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Die Ibāḍiten im Maġrib (2./8. - 4./10. Jh.): die Geschichte einer Berberbewegung im Gewand des Islam / Ulrich Rebstock. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Mädchennamen - verrätselt: 100 Rätsel-Epigramme aus d. adab-Werk Alf ǧāriya wa-ǧāriya (7./13. Jh.) / Jürgen W. Weil. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Das Problem der transzendenten sinnlichen Wahrnehmung in der spätmu'tazilitischen Erkenntnistheorie nach der Darstellung des Taqiaddin an-Nagrani. Elshahed (Elsayed) - Berlin, Schwarz, 1983
# Auxiliarfunktionen von Hauptverben nach Konverb in der Uigurische Sprache|neuuigurischen Schriftsprache von Xinjiang|Sinkiang / Wolfgang-Ekkehard Scharlipp. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Die Kurden|kurdische Nationalbewegung im Irak: eine Fallstudie zur Problematik ethnischer Konflikte in d. Dritte Welt|Dritten Welt / Ferhad Ibrahim. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Osmanische Sprache|Osmanisches Wortgut im Sudanesisch-Arabisch|Sudan-Arabischen / Erich Prokosch. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Sabahattin Ali, Mystiker und Sozialist: Beiträge zur Interpretation eines modernen türkischen Autors / Elisabeth Siedel. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# The origins and development of the Osmanisches Reich|Ottoman-Safawiden|Ṣafavid conflict: &lt;906-962/1500-1555&gt; / Adel Allouche. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1983
# Untersuchungen zu einer Sammlung persischer Erzählungen: Čihil wa-šiš ḥikāyat yā ǧāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt / Roxane Haag-Higuchi. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Unsere Wirtschaft: eine gekürzte kommentierte Übersetzung des Buches ʿIqtisādunā / Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr|Muḥammad Bāqir aṣ- Ṣadr. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1984
# Der Bedeutungswandel der Hedschasbahn: eine historisch-geographische Untersuchung / Ulrich Fiedler. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Die islamisch-rechtlichen Auskünfte der Millî Gazete im Rahmen des &quot;Fetwa-Wesen&quot; der Türkische Republik|Türkischen Republik. Debus, Esther. Berlin: Schwarz
# Die Siedlungsnamen Griechisch-Makedoniens nach amtlichen Verzeichnissen und Kartenwerken / Eberhard Krüger. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Seldschuken|Seldschukische Geschichte und türkische Geschichtswissenschaft: die Seldschuken im Urteil moderner türkischer Historiker / Martin Strohmeier. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Arabic literary works as a source of documentation for technical terms of the material culture / Dionisius A. Agius. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# The Egyptian elite under Evelyn Baring, 1. Earl of Cromer|Cromer, 1882 – 1907 / Collins, Jeffrey G. Berlin. Schwarz. 1984
# The office of Qādī|qâḍî al-quḍât in Kairo|Cairo under the Bahri-Dynastie|Baḥrî Mamlûks / Joseph H. Escovitz. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1984
# Ottoman rule in Jerusalem: 1890-1914 / Haim Gerber. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Die Türkei im Spannungsfeld extremer Ideologien: (1973-1980): e. Unters. d. polit. Verhältnisse. Otmar Oehring. Berlin: Schwarz, 1984.
# Türkische Sprache|Türkische Freitagspredigten: Studien zum Islam in der heutigen Türkei / Sabine Prätor. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Untersuchungen zur Verfassung der Islamischen Republik Iran vom 15. November 1979 / Silvia Tellenbach. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Libya between Ottomanism and nationalism: the Ottoman involvement in Libya during the war with Italy (1911-1919) / Rachel Simon. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1987
# Labsal dessen, der bei Tag und bei Nacht reist / Sabine Schupp. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Volksmacht und Islam: eine terminologie- und ideologieanalytische Untersuchung zum Politik- und Religionsverständnis bei Muammar al-Gaddafi|Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī / Eva Hager. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Die Chronik des ʿİsazade: ein Beitrag zur osmanischen Historiographie des 17. Jahrhunderts / Johann Strauß. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1991
# The reign of Sultan Selim I.|Selīm I in the light of the Selīm-nāme literature / Ahmet Uğur. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Reinkarnatio|Seelenwanderung in der islamischen Häresie / Rainer Freitag. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Zum schriftlichen Gebrauch des kairinischen Dialekts anhand ausgewählter Texte von Saʿdaddīn Wahba / Renate Malina. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1987
# Sultan Abdulhamid II. im Spiegel der arabischen Dichtung: eine Studie zu Literatur und Politik in der Spätperiode des Osmanisches Reich|Osmanischen Reiches / Turki Mugheid. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1987
# Al-Quds al-Mamlûkiyya: a history of Mamluken|Mamlûk Jerusalem based on the Haram-Urkunden|Ḥaram documents [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1571005?uid=3737864&amp;uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=21101712485017 *] / Huda Lutfi. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Economic survey of Syria during the tenth and eleventh centuries: survey / Muhsin D. Yusuf. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1985
# Die religiöse Lage in der Türkei: Perspektiven des islamischen Religionsunterrichts für türkische Kinder in der Diaspora / Saliha Scheinhardt. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1986
# Loġaz und Moʿammā: eine Quellenstudie zur Kunstform des persischen Rätsels / Šams Anwarī-al-Ḥusainī. - [Berlin]: [Schwarz], [1986]
# Die schiitische Gemeinschaft des Südlibanon (Jabal Amel|Ǧabal ʿĀmil) innerhalb des libanesischen konfessionellen Systems / Monika Pohl-Schöberlein. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1986
# Der Teufel in der modernen arabischen Literatur: Die Rezeption e. europ. Motivs in d. arabischen Belletristik, Dramatik und Poesie d. 19. u. 20. Jhs / Ḫalīl Šaiḫ. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1986
# Le châh et les Kizilbasch|qizilbāš: le systeme militaire safavide / Masashi Haneda. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1987
# Ein hagiographisches Zeugnis zur persischen Geschichte aus der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts: das achte Kapitel des Ṣafwat aṣ-ṣafā in kritischer Bearbeitung / Heidi Zirke. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1987
# Die Geschichte der Artuqiden|artuqidischen Fürstentümer in Syrien und der Ǧazīra'l-Furātīya &lt;496-812/1002-1409&gt; / Gerhard Väth. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1987
# Liebe und Mannesehre: Szenen einer muslimischen Kleinbürgerehe beleuchtet anhand des Romans &quot;Der Ölzweig&quot; (Ġuṣn az-zaytūn) von M. ʻAbdalḥalīm ʻAbdallāh / Stephan Guth. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1987.
# Das Verhältnis von Poesie und Prosa in der arabischen Literaturtheorie des Mittelalters / Zijād ar-Ramaḍān az- Zuʿbī. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1987
# Azeri and Persian literary works in twentieth century Iranian Azerbaijan / Sakina Berengian. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1988
# Das Buch der schlagfertigen Antworten = Al-Aǧwibat al-muskitat / Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad Ibn Abī ʻAwn; May A Yūssif. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1988.
# Die Kizilbasch|Kızılbaş-Aleviten: Untersuchungen über eine esoterische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Anatolien / Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1988
# Die Stadt in der arabischen Poesie, bis 1258 n. Chr. / Ḥusain Baijūd. - Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1988
# Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalāt bei Esfarāyen / Sultan Tulu. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1989
# Die Epitome der Universalchronik Ibn ad-Dawādārīs im Verhältnis zur Langfassung: eine quellenkritische Studie zur Geschichte der ägyptischen Mamluken / Gunhild Graf. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1990
# Die Moschee Nuruosmaniye-Moschee|Nûruosmâniye in Istanbul: Beitr. zur Baugeschichte nach osman. Quellen / Pia Hochhut. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1986
# The Ottoman Ulama|ʿulemā in the mid-17th century: an analysis of the Vaḳāʾi ʿüʾl-fużalā of Meḥmed Şeyḫī Ef. / Ali Uğur. - Berlin: Schwarz Verlag, 1986
# Al-Muntahā fi l-kamāl des Muḥammad Ibn Sahl Ibn al-Marzubān al-Karẖī (gest. ca. 345/956): Untersuchung und kritische Edition von Bd. 4-5 und 9-10 / Muḥammad Ibn-Sahl Ibn-al-Marzubān. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1988
# The Fatimid vizierate: 969 – 1172 / Leila S. al- Imad. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1990
# The evolution of a Sufi institution in Mamluk Egypt: the Khanqah / Leonor Fernandes. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1988
# Muṣṭafā ʿĀlī's Furṣat-nāme: Edition und Bearbeitung einer Quelle zur Geschichte des persischen Feldzugs unter Koca Sinan Pascha|Sinān Paša 1580 – 1581 / Muṣṭafā Ibn-Aḥmed ʿĀlī. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1989
# Der Orientalist Johann Gottfried Wetzstein als preussischer Konsul in Damaskus, 1849-1861: dargestellt nach seinen hinterlassenen Papieren / Ingeborg Huhn. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1989.
# Westliche Islamwissenschaft im Spiegel muslimischer Kritik: Grundzüge und aktuelle Merkmale einer innerislamischen Diskussion / Ekkehard Rudolph. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1991
# The Yaresan: a sociological, historical and religio-historical study of a Kurdish community / M. Reza Hamzeh'ee . - Berlin: Schwarz, 1990
# Die persische Gesellschaft unter Nāṣiru'd-Dīn Šāh: (1848 - 1896) / Heinz-Georg Migeod. Berlin: Schwarz, 1990
# ʿAlī Mubārak und seine Ḫiṭaṭ: kommentierte Übersetzung der Autobiographie und Werkbesprechung / Stephan Fliedner. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1990
# Die Kritik der Prosa bei den Arabern: (vom 3./9. Jahrhundert bis zum Ende des 5./11. Jahrhunderts) / Mahmoud Darabseh. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1990
# Les mouvements révolutionnaires et la constitution de 1906 en Iran / Djafar Shafiei-Nasab. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1991
# Der Handel im mālikitischen Recht: am Beispiel des k. al-buyūʿ im Kitāb al-Muwaṭṭaʾ des Mālik b. Anas und des salam aus der Mudawwana al-kubrā von Saḥnūn / Rüdiger Lohlker. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1991
# Die mamlukische Architektur der Stadt Gaza (Stadt)|Gaza / Mohamed-Moain Sadek. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1991
# Von Kairo nach Mekka: Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Pilgerfahrt nach den Berichten des Ibrāhīm Rifʻat Bāšā, Mirʼāt al-Ḥaramain / Rita Stratkötter. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1991
# Avicennas Bearbeitungen der aristotelischen Rhetorik: ein Beitrag zum Fortleben antiken Bildungsgutes in der islamischen Welt / Renate Würsch. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1991
# Das Fest des Fastenbrechens (ʿīd al-fiṭr) in Ägypten: Untersuchungen zu theologischen Grundlagen und praktischer Gestaltung / Laila Nabhan. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1991
# Das erzählerische Werk der türkischen Autorin Sevgi Soysal: (1936 - 1976) / Priska Furrer. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Bamberger Mittelasienstudien: Konferenzakten, Bamberg 15. - 16. Juni 1990 / Bert G. Fragner. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Festgabe an Josef Matuz: Osmanistik - Turkologie – Diplomatik / Christa Fragner. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Nomadenstämme in Perserreich|Persien im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Marina Kunke. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1991.
# The theology of al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī: (d. 726/1325) / Sabine Schmidtke. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1991
# Timuriden|Timuridische Emire nach dem Muʿizz al-ansāb: Untersuchung zur Stammesaristokratie Zentralasiens im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert / Shiro Ando. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Qanāʿa (Genügsamkeit) in der arabischen Literatur anhand des Kitāb al-Qanāʿa wa-t-taʿaffuf von Ibn-Abī-d-Dunyā / Stefan Weninger. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Studien zum ältesten alchemistischen Schrifttum: auf der Grundlage zweier erstmals edierter arabischer Hermetica / Ingolf Vereno. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Die Juden in der Palästinensische Literatur|palästinensischen Literatur zwischen 1913 und 1987 / Adel al- Osta. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# Islam und Unterentwicklung: konzeptionelle Ansätze zur Überwindung der Unterentwicklung in islamischen Wirtschaftstheorien - das Beispiel Iran / Irina Hetsch. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Iran und die Reformbewegung im Osmanisches Reich|Osmanischen Reich: persische Staatsmänner, Reisende und Oppositionelle unter dem Einfluss der Tanẓīmāt / Anja Pistor-Hatam. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Eine Stadtgeschichte Alexandrias von 564/1169 bis in die Mitte des 9./15. Jahrhunderts: Verwaltung und innerstädtische Organisationsformen / Martina Müller-Wiener. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Zeugen einer Endzeit: fünf Schriftsteller zum Umbruch in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft nach 1970 / Stephan Guth. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Zerfall der Staatsmacht Perserreich|Persiens unter Nāṣir-ad-Dīn Schah Qāğār (1848 - 1896): Einblicke in die Machtverhältnisse am Teheraner Hof nach den Tagebüchern Iʿtimād as-Salṭanas / Mostafa Edjtehadi. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Mit den Waffen des Gegners: christlich-muslimische Kontroversen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert; dargestellt am Beispiel der Auseinandersetzung um Karl Gottlieb Pfander. &quot;Mîzân al-ḥaqq&quot; und Rahmatallāh al-Kairānawī|Raḥmatullâh Ibn Halîl al-ʿUtmânî al-Kairânawîs &quot;Izhâr al-ḥaqq&quot; und der Diskussion über das Barnabasevangelium / Christine Schirrmacher. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1992
# Die Frau in Saudi-Arabien zwischen Tradition und Moderne / Holger Vagt. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1992
# Tod und Trauer in der Poesie des Palästinensers Maḥmūd Darwīš / Ibrahim M Abu-Hashhash. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1994.
# Die Beschreibung Indiens in der &quot;Riḥla&quot; des Ibn-Baṭṭūṭa: Aspekte einer herrschaftssoziologischen Einordnung des Delhi-Sultanates unter Muḥammad Ibn-Tuġluq / Stephan Conermann. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 1993
# Aḥmadu Bamba und die Entstehung der Murīdīya: Analyse religiöser und historischer Hintergründe; Untersuchung seines Lebens und seiner Lehre anhand des biographischen Werkes von Muḥammad al-Muṣṭafā Ān / Rüdiger Seesemann. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# Doppelte Heimat?: zur literarischen Produktion arabischsprachiger Immigranten in Argentinien / Margot Scheffold. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# Adam und Eva|Adam im Islam: ein Beitrag zur Ideengeschichte der Sunna / Cornelia Schöck. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# Die Geschichte von Kain und Abel (Hābīl wa-Qābīl) in der sunnitisch-islamischen Überlieferung: Untersuchung von Beispielen aus verschiedenen Literaturwerken unter Berücksichtigung ihres Einflusses auf den Volksglauben / Waltraud Bork-Qaysieh. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# Der arabische Faktor in der jungtürkischen Politik: eine Studie zum osmanischen Parlament der II. Konstitution (1908 - 1918) / Sabine Prätor. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# &quot;Islamischer Fundamentalismus&quot; - Rückfall ins Mittelalter oder Wegbereiter der Moderne?: Die Stellungnahme der Forschung / Hanna Lücke. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1993
# Die Seeaktivitäten der muslimischen Beutefahrer als Bestandteil der staatlichen Flotte während der osmanischen Expansion im Mittelmeer im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert / Andreas Rieger. - Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1994
# The village novel in modern Egyptian literature / Ami Elad. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Kamāl Ğunbulāṭ: das arabisch-islamische Erbe und die Rolle der Drusen in seiner Konzeption der libanesischen Geschichte. Bernadette Schenk. Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Dichtung - Brücke zur Aussenwelt: Studien zur Autobiographie Fadwā Ṭūqāns / Nadja Odeh. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Die Islamisten Ägyptens in der Regierungszeit von Anwar as-Sādāt: (1970 - 1981) / Franz Kogelmann. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Strange bedfellows: mutʿat al-nisāʾ and mutʿat al-ḥajj: a study based on Sunnī and Shīʿī sources of Tafsīr (Koranexegese)|tafsīr, ḥadīth and fiqh / Arthur Gribetz. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Zentralismus und Autonomie: Gelehrte und Staat in Marokko, 1900 – 1931 / Ralf Elger. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Göttliche Karriere eines syrischen Hirten: Sulaiman Murschid|Sulaimān Muršid (1907 - 1946) und die Anfänge der Muršidiyya / Patrick Franke. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Zwischen Charisma und Ratio: Entwicklungen in der frühen imāmitischen Theologie / Paul Sander. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Zwischen Glaube, Nation und neuer Gemeinschaft: Aleviten|alevitische Identität in der Türkei der Gegenwart / Karin Vorhoff. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1995
# Bamberger Zentralasienstudien: Konferenzakten/ESCAS IV, Bamberg 8. - 12. Oktober 1991 / Ingeborg Baldauf. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Filastin, Filistin und Eretz Israel: die späte osmanische Herrschaft über Palästina in der arabischen, türkischen und israelischen Historiographie / Maurus Reinkowski. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1995
# Rückzug in Ehren?: Die Nahostpolitik der Briten nach der Suezkrise, 1957 - 60 / Philip Anderson. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1994
# Die Revision der Historiographie des Osmanischen Reiches am Beispiel von Abdülhamid II.: das späte Osmanische Reich im Urteil türkischer Autoren der Gegenwart (1930 - 1990) / Claudia Kleinert. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1995
# Von der Kritik des arabischen Denkens zum panarabischen Aufbruch: das philosophische und politische Denken Muḥammad ʿĀbid al-Ǧābirīs / Michael Gaebel. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1995
# Islamische Heiligenverehrung im urbanen Kontext am Beispiel von Aleppo (Syrien) / Julia Gonnella. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1995
# Politische Parteien und Bevölkerung in Iran: die Ḥezb-e Demūkrāt-e Īrān und ihr Führer Ahmad Qavām|Qavāmo s-Salṭanä / Ralph Kauz. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1995
# al-Ibtihālāt ad dīnīya: eine Form der islamischen, religiösen Vokalmusik Ägyptens; Untersuchungen zu Ursprung und Gestalt der heutigen Praxis / Peter Bruns. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1995
# Evolution des pratiques alimentaires en Turquie: analyse comparative. Marie-Hélène Sauner-Nebioglu. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1995
# Politik zwischen den Zeilen: arabische Handschriften der Wandalá in Nordkamerun: deutsch-arabische Texte. Hermann Forkl; Reinhard Weipert. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1995
# Das Christentum aus der Sicht zeitgenössischer iranischer Autoren: eine Untersuchung religionskundlicher Publikationen in persischer Sprache / Isabel Stümpel-Hatami. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Islamisches Recht in Theorie und Praxis: Analyse einiger kaufrechtlicher Fatwas von Taqī'd-Dīn Aḥmad b. Taymiyya / Benjamin Jokisch. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Nicht-Muslime und Fremde in Aleppo und Damaskus im 18. und in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts / Yoram Shalit. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Die koranische Herausforderung: die taḥaddī-Verse im Rahmen der Polemikpassagen des Korans / Matthias Radscheit. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Geschichte und Ideologie: Mehmed Murad und Celal Nuri über die historischen Ursachen des osmanischen Niedergangs / Christoph Herzog. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Muslim culture in Russia ...; [Vol. 1] Muslim culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the early 20th centuries / Michael Kemper. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Muṣṭafā Maḥmūd (geb. 1921) und der modifizierte islamische Diskurs im modernen Ägypten / Stephan Conermann. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Die Berber in der historischen Entwicklung Algeriens von 1949 bis 1990: zur Konstruktion einer ethnischen Identität / Gabi Kratochwil. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1996.
# Fāṭima von Qum: ein Beispiel für die Verehrung heiliger Frauen im Volksglauben der Zwölfer-Schia / Zohreh Sadeghi. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Annäherung und Distanz: Schia, Azhar und die islamische Ökumene im 20. Jahrhundert / Rainer Brunner. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Reislamisierung und Familienrecht in Algerien: der Einfluß des malikitischen Rechts auf den &quot;Code Algérien de la famille&quot; / Silvia Kuske. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# ʿAbd or-Raḥīm H̱ān-e H̱ānān (964 - 1036/1556 - 1627): Staatsmann und Mäzen / Eva Orthmann. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Authentisch arabisch und dennoch modern?: Zakī Naǧīb Maḥmūds kulturtheoretische Essayistik als Beitrag zum euro-arabischen Dialog / Margot Scheffold. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# Konstantinopel und Damaskus: Gesandtschaften und Verträge zwischen Kaisern und Kalifen 639 - 750; Untersuchungen zum Gewohnheits-Völkerrecht und zur interkulturellen Diplomatie / Andreas Kaplony. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1996
# &quot;Die Farbe des Regens&quot;: Entstehung und Entwicklung der modernen jeminitischen Kurzgeschichte: Muḥammad ʻAbdalwalī, Zaid Muṭǐʻ Dammāǧ und Aḥmad Maḥfūẓ ʻUmar. / Günther Orth. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1997
# Atatürk und die türkische Reformpolitik im Spiegel der ägyptischen Presse: eine Inhaltsanalyse ausgewählter Pressereaktionen auf Massnahmen zur Umgestaltung des politischen, religiösen und kulturellen Lebens in der Türkei zwischen 1922 und 1938 / Richard Hattemer. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1997
# The Seldschuken|Saljūqs of Syria during the crusades 463 - 549 A.H., 1070 - 1154 A.D. / Taef Kamal el- Azhari. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1997
# Emanzipation oder Isolation vom westlichen Lehrer?: Die Debatte um Ḥanafīs &quot;Einführung in die Wissenschaft der Okzidentalistik. Thomas Hildebrandt. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1998
# Entbehrung und Lebenskampf: die Autobiographie des marokkischen Autors Mohamed Choukri / Barbara Sigge. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1997
# Islamische Solidarität: Geschichte, Politik, Ideologie der Organisation der Islamischen Konferenz (OIC) 1969 – 1981 / Ellinor Schöne. Berlin Schwarz 1997
# Das Opferfest (ʿīd al-aḍḥā) im heutigen Ägypten / Mohammed Rashed. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1998
# Muslim culture in Russia ... / Vol. 2 / Inter-regional and inter-ethnic relations / Anke von Kügelgen. - 1998
# Hālid und ʻUmar: quellenkritische Untersuchung zur Historiographie der frühislamischen Zeit. Klaus Klier. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1998
# Sufis und Gelehrte in Tatarien und Baschkirien, 1789 - 1889: der islamische Diskurs unter russischer Herrschaft / Michael Kemper. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1998
# American literature and orientalism. Marwan M Obeidat. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 1998
# Zur Problematik des Demokratisierungsprozesses in Iran: eine sozio-kulturelle Analyse anhand von Entstehung und Scheitern der konstitutionellen Bewegung von 1906 / Hamid Khosravi Sharoudi. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1998
# Islamisches Recht und sozialer Wandel in Algerien: zur Entwicklung des Personalstatuts seit 1962 / Bettina Dennerlein. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1998
# Individuum und Gesellschaft in der Türkei: Leylâ Erbils Roman Tuhaf Bir Kadın (Eine sonderbare Frau) / Karin Schweißgut. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1999
#  
# Fliegen die Seelen der Heiligen?: Muslimische Reform und staatliche Autorität in der Republik Mali seit 1960 / Carsten Hock. - Berlin: Schwarz, 1999
# ''&quot;Unser Weg schließt tausend Wege ein&quot;: Derwische und Gesellschaft im islamischen Mittelasien im 16. Jahrhundert''. Florian Schwarz. Schwarz, Berlin 2000, {{ISBN|3-87997-278-8}}.
# ''al-Juwaynī's thought and methodology: with a translation and commentary on Lumaʻ al-Adillah.'' Mohammad Moslem Adel Saflo. Schwarz, Berlin 2000, {{ISBN|3-87997-278-8}}.
# Galenos|Galen: ''&quot;Über die Anatomie der Nerven&quot;: Originalschrift und alexandrinisches Kompendium in arabischer Überlieferung''. Ahmad M Al-Dubayan. Schwarz, Berlin 2000, {{ISBN|3-87997-280-X}}.
# Die Risāla fī l-ḥudūṯ (Die Abhandlung über die Entstehung) von Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Ibn Ibrāhīm aš-Šīrāzī (1572 - 1640): mit Übersetzung und Erläuterung / Sayed M. Bagher Talgharizadeh. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2000
# Muslime und Franken (Volk)|Franken: ethnische, soziale und religiöse Gruppen im Kitāb al-Iʾtibār des Usāma ibn Munqiḏ / Alexander Schauer. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2000
# Bagdad nach dem Sturz des Kalifats: die Geschichte einer Provinz unter Ilchane|ilḫānischer Herrschaft (656 - 735/1258 - 1335) / Hend Gilli-Elewy. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2000
# Politische Entwicklung in einem arabischen Golfstaat: die Rolle von Interessengruppen im Emirat Kuweit / Christian Koch. Berlin: Schwarz, 2000.
# Muslim culture in Russia ... / Vol. 3 / Arabic, Persian and Turkic manuscripts (15th - 19th centuries)/ Anke von Kügelgen. - 2000
# Der Dichter Faiḍī und die Religion Akbars / Gerald Grobbel. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# Nationalismus und Modernismus in Iran in der Periode zwischen dem Zerfall der Qāğāren-Dynastie und der Machtfestigung Reżā Schahs: eine Untersuchung über die intellektuellen Kreise um die Zeitschriften Kāweh, Īrānšahr und Āyandeh / Keivandokht Ghahari. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# Image of the &quot;Turk&quot; in Italy: a history of the &quot;other&quot; in early modern Europe, 1453-1683 / Mustafa Soykut. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2001
# Die politische Entwicklung der Kurden im Irak von 1975 bis 1993: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Saddam Husseins Kurdenpolitik. Sarbest Bahjat. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 2001
# Methoden mittelalterlicher arabischer Qur'ānexegese am Beispiel von Q 53, 1-18 / Regula Forster. Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# Die gesetzlichen Umgehungen im islamischen Recht (ḥiyal): unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ǧannat al-aḥkām wa-ǧunnat al-ẖuṣṣām des Ḥanafīten Saʿīd b. ʿAlī as-Samarqandī (gest. 12. Jhdt.) / Satoe Horii. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# ʻAbdarraḥmān al-Auzāʻī - ein Rechtsgelehrter des 2. Jahrhunderts d.H. und sein Beitrag zu den Siyar: erarbeitet auf der Grundlage des k. ar-Radd ʻalā siyar al-Auzāʻī / Anke Bouzenita. Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# Ehe und Ehescheidung in Tunesien: zur Stellung der Frau in Recht und Gesellschaft / Stephanie Waletzki. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# Die Entwicklung der islamischen Gemeinschaft in Deutschland seit 1961 / Marfa Heimbach. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2001
# Wolgatataren im Deutschland des Zweiten Weltkriegs: deutsche Ostpolitik und tatarischer Nationalismus / Sebastian Cwiklinski'. Berlin: Schwarz, 2002
# Der historische Roman Ägyptens: eine literaturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung am Beispiel der Mamlukenromane / Abier Bushnaq. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2002
# Tendenzen und Entwicklungen in der modernen drusischen Gemeinschaft des Libanon: Versuche einer historischen, politischen und religiösen Standortbestimmung / Bernadette Schenk. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2002
# Geistliche Autorität und islamische Gesellschaft im Wandel: Studien über Frauenälteste (otin und xalfa) im unabhängigen Usbekistan. Annette Krämer. Berlin Schwarz 2002
# Die Berberbewegung in Marokko: zur Geschichte der Konstruktion einer ethnischen Identität (1912 - 1997) / Gabriele Kratochwil. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2002
# Die Juden Hebrons von der Lokalgesellschaft zur &quot;Nationalen Heimstätte&quot; (1904 - 1938): die Desintegration einer peripheren jüdischen Gemeinde. Andreas Wagner. Berlin: Schwarz, 2002.
# Abū l-Hudā aṣ-Ṣayyādī: eine Studie zur Instrumentalisierung sufischer Netzwerke und genealogischer Kontroversen im spätosmanischen Reich / Thomas Eich. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2003
# Anerkennung des Iǧtihād - Legitimation der Toleranz: Möglichkeiten innerer und äußerer Toleranz im Islam am Beispiel der Iǧtihād-Diskussion / Abbas Poya. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2003
# Zeitgenössische türkische Frauenliteratur: eine vergleichende Literaturanalyse ausgewählter Werke von Leylâ Erbil, Füruzan, Pınar Kür und Aysel Özakın / Mediha Göbenli. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2003
# Islamische Fernsehsender in der Türkei: zur Entwicklung des türkischen Fernsehens zwischen Staat, Markt und Religion / Christine Jung. Berlin Schwarz 2003
# The stories of the Prophets by Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī / Ibn-Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2003
# Der Herrscherwechsel im Mamlukensultanat: historische und historiographische Untersuchungen zu Abū Ḥāmid al-Qudsī und Ibn Taġrībirdī / Henning Sievert. Berlin: Klaus-Schwarz-Verlag GmbH, 2003
# Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon - Where to belong? / Dorothee Klaus. 2003
# Der Wille zur Macht: der fatimidische Wesir Yaʻqūb ibn Killis. Susanne Saker. Berlin Schwarz 2003
# Mamlukische Sultansstiftungen des 9./15. Jahrhunderts: nach den Urkunden der Stifter al-Ašraf Īnāl und al-Mu'ayyad Aḥmad Ibn Īnāl / Lucian Reinfandt. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2003
# Devout societies vs. impious states?: transmitting Islamic learning in Russia, Central Asia and China, through the Twentieth Century: proceedings of an international colloquium held in the Carré des Sciences, French Ministry of Research, Paris, November 12–13, 2001 / Stéphane A. Dudoignon. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2004
# Muslim culture in Russia ... / Vol. 4 / Die Islamgelehrten Daghestans und ihre arabischen Werke: Naḏīr ad-Durgilīs (st. 1935) Nuzhat al-aḏhān fī tarāǧim ʿulamāʾ Dāġistān / Michael Kemper. - 2004
# The European powers' plans regarding Jerusalem towards the middle of the 19th century / Yoram Shalit. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2004
# Elitenzirkulation in Transformationsgesellschaften: eine soziologische Fallstudie zur Zirkulation der Eliten im Iran. Afsaneh Gächter. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2004
# Transkription arabischer Schriften: Vorschläge für eine einheitliche Umschrift arabischer Bezeichnungen / Achim Schlott-Kotschote. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2004
# Syrien nach dem Irak-Krieg: Bastion gegen Islamisten oder Staat vor dem Kollaps ? / Carsten Wieland. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 2004
# Moral und Disziplin: Seyyed Ḥasan Taqīzāde und die Konstruktion eines &quot;progressiven Selbst&quot; in der frühen iranischen Moderne / Tim Epkenhans. Berlin Schwarz 2005
# Die persische Volk im Wandel. Heinz-Georg Migeod. Berlin: K. Schwarz, cop. 2006
# Frieden im Islam: die Instrumentalisierung des Islam im irakisch-iranischen Krieg / Majid S. Moslem. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2005
# al-Ǧawbarī und sein Kašf al-asrār: ein Sittenbild des Gauners im arabisch-islamischen Mittelalter (7./13. Jahrhundert); Einführung, Edition und Kommentar / al- Ǧawbarī. - 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2006
# Der unermessliche Schatz, oder, die wirtschaftliche Lage Irans: Ǧamālzādes Studie zur iranischen Volkswirtschaft am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges / Muḥammad ʻAlī Jamālzādah; Leila Nabieva. K. Schwarz, Berlin: ©2006
# Die Beduinen in der Vorgeschichte Tunesiens: die &quot;Invasion&quot; der Banū Hilāl und ihre Folgen. Gerald Schuster. Berlin: K. Schwarz Verl., cop. 2006
# Selbstbild und Weltsicht islamistischer Selbstmord-Attentäter tödliche Implikationen eines theozentrischen Menschenbildes unter selbstwertbedrohenden Bedingungen / Dawud Gholamasad. Berlin Schwarz 2006
# Die sufische Koranauslegung: Semantik und Deutungsmechanismen der Ishari exegese / Hussein Ali Akash. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 2006.
# By the soft lyres: the search for the prophet Elijah. Mishael Caspi; Gerda Neu-Sokol; Mohammad Jiyad. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, ©2006
# Salamon und Rabeka: Judenstereotype in Karikaturen der türkischen Zeitschriften &quot;Akbaba&quot;, &quot;Karikatür&quot; und &quot;{{Abbr|Milli Inkilap|Millî İnkılâp}}&quot;, 1933-1945 / Hatice Bayraktar. Berlin: K. Schwarz, 2006
# Die osmanischen Ulema des 17. Jahrhunderts: eine geschlossene Gesellschaft? / Denise Klein. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, cop. 2007
# Der Rifkrieg (1921)|Rif-Krieg 1921-1926: eine kritische Untersuchung des gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozesses unter Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Karīm al Ḫaṭṭābī. Fouzia El-Asrouti. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, ©2007
# Ein osmanischer Almanach für das Jahr 1239/1240 (1824/1825) / Marlene Kurz. Berlin: Schwarz, 2007
# Abbildung und Anpassung: das Türkenbild in safawidischen Chroniken des 16. Jahrhunderts / Tilmann Trausch. Berlin: Schwarz, 2008
# Qurrat al-ʿAyn: eine Studie der religiösen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen ihres Wirkens / Soraya Adambakan. - Erstausg., 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2008
# Die Entwicklung des Osmanischen Reiches zwischen 1839 und 1908. Marcin Marcinkowski. Berlin: Schwarz, cop. 2007
# Narrativität im Kitāb al-Faraǧ baʿda š-šidda des Abū ʿAli al-Muḥassin at-Tanūḫī: eine literaturwissenschaftliche Studie abbasidischer Prosa / Hakan Özkan. - Erstausg., 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 2008
# Muslime in Europa: Staatsbürgerschaft und Islam in einer liberalen und säkularen Demokratie / Ursi Schweizer. Berlin: K. Schwarz, cop. 2008
# Das Bild Afghanistans im 20. Jahrhundert: das Werk des Schriftstellers und Diplomaten Ostād ʿAbdol Raḥmān Pažwāk (1919 - 1995) / Chaled Malekyar. - 1. Aufl., Erstausg. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2008
# Scheich Muḥsin bin Zahrān al-ʻAbrī: tribale Macht im Oman des 19. Jahrhunderts / Michaela Hoffmann-Ruf. Klaus Schwarz c2008
# Der Nativist Dschalāl Āl-e Ahmad|Ǧalāl-e Āl-e Aḥmad und die Verwestlichung Irans im 20. Jahrhundert: eine Analyse der ethnographischen Monographien Awrāzān, Tātnešīnhā-ye bolūk-e Zahrā und Ǧazīre-ye Ḫārg, dorr-e yatīm-e ḫalīg unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Programmschrift Ġarbzadegī / Franz Lenze. Berlin: Schwarz, 2008
# &quot;We are here to stay&quot;: Pashtun migrants in the Northern Areas of Pakistan / Matthias Weinreich; photographs by Silvia Delogu. Klaus Schwarz c2009
# &quot;Allāh ist das Licht von Himmel und Erde&quot;: der Lichtvers Sura 24 an-Nūr 35; seine Bedeutung im Kontext der Offenbarung und Grundzüge seiner Auslegung in der islamischen Gelehrsamkeit / Ayşe Başol-Gürdal. - 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2008
# Celâl Esad Arseven: ein Leben zwischen Kunst, Politik und Wissenschaft / Dieter F Kickingereder. Berlin: Schwarz, ©2009.
# I have a very good trust in my God: la construction de la religiosité des jeunes gens Sunnites à Beyrouth. Eva-Maria Zeis. Berlin: K. Schwarz, cop. 2009.
# Müneccimbaşı als Historiker: arabische Historiographie bei einem osmanischen Universalgelehrten des 17. Jahrhunderts: Ǧami' ad-duwal (Teiledition 982/1574 - 1082/1672) / Müneccimbaşı; Hatice Arslan-Sözüdoǧru. Berlin: Schwarz Verlag, 2009.
# Muslim cultures in the Indo-Iranian world during the early-modern and modern periods / Denis Hermann. - Erstausg., 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 2010
# Ein Mann spricht für die Frauen: aṭ-Ṭahir al-Haddād und seine Schrift &quot;Die tunesische Frau in Gesetz und Gesellschaft&quot; / Iman Hajji; al-Ṭāhir Ḥaddād. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, ©2009
# Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the Muslim cause in British India / Belkacem Belmekki. - 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, c 2010
# Islamische Ökumene als Mittel der Politik: aktuelle Tendenzen in der Annäherungsdebatte zwischen Sunna und Schia auf der Doha-Konferenz 2007. Behnam Said. Berlin: K. Schwarz, ©2009
# Von Ackerwinde bis Zypresse: das Pflanzenreich im &quot;Königsbuch&quot; des Ferdousï / Fatemeh Hamidifard-Graber. Berlin: Schwarz, 2009.
# &quot;Orientierungen&quot;: über die Entstehung europäischer Bilder vom Orient und von Arabien in der Antike; Einflussfaktoren und stereotype Fortführungen im Mittelalter / Uta Bellmann. - Erstausg., 2., durchges. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2011
# Die Daštakīs: die Familiengeschichte des Autors Ḥasan Fasāʹī im Fārsnāma-yi Nāṣirī / Elke Niewöhner. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, ©2009.
# &quot;Zweideutige Individuen in schlechter Absicht&quot;: die antisemitischen Ausschreitungen in Ostmakedonien und Thrakien|Thrakien 1934 und ihre Hintergründe / Hatice Bayraktar. Berlin: Schwarz, 2011
# Eine Biographie als politisches Mittel: Muḥammad ʿAbduh (1849 - 1905) und die Rebellion des Aḥmad ʿUrābī in der Rezeption Ṭāhir aṭ-Ṭanāḥīs (Muḏakkirāt al-Imām Muḥammad ʿAbduh) / Christopher Radler. - 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2010
# &quot;Rassischer&quot; Feind - politischer Freund?: Inszenierung und Instrumentalisierung des Araberbildes im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland / Sophie Wagenhofer. - Erstausg., 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2010
# Der mystische Pfad zu Gott: ʻUmar as-Suhrawardīs Schrift &quot;Der versiegelte Wein&quot; (ar-Raḥīq al-maḫtūm): Einleitung, Text und Übersetzung / ʻUmar Ibn Muḥammad as-Suhrawardī; Armin Eschraghi. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2011
# Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali|Ben Ali's &quot;New Tunisia&quot; (1987 - 2009): a case study of authoritarian modernization in the Arab world / Steffen Erdle. - Erstausg., 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz, 2010
# Die südkaspischen Provinzen des Iran unter den Safawiden im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert: soziale und wirtschaftliche Verhältnisse / Yukako Goto. Berlin: Schwarz, 2011
# Dawn for Islam in eastern Nigeria: a history of the arrival of Islam in Igboland / Egodi Uchendu. Berlin: K. Schwarz, cop. 2011
# Nāyeb Ḥoseyn Kāšī - Straßenräuber oder Revolutionär?: eine Untersuchung zur neueren iranischen Geschichte; (1850 - 1920) / Abolhassan Hadjiheidari. Berlin: Schwarz, 2011
# Gottes Wesen - Gottes Wirken: Ontologie und Kosmologie im Denken von Šams-al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Ḫafrī (gest. 942/1535): eine philosophische Analyse nach seinen Schriften &quot;al-Risāla fī it̲bāt wāǧib al-wuǧūd bi-l-d̲āt wa-ṣifātihī&quot; und &quot;al-Risāla fī l-ilāhiyyāt&quot;. Firouzeh Saatchian; Šams ad-Dīn Muḥammad al-Ḫafrī. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2011.
# Die jüdische Gemeinde im Damaskus des 19. Jahrhunderts: städtische Sozialgeschichte und osmanische Gerichtsbarkeit im Spiegel islamischer und jüdischer Quellen / Christina Weber. - Erstausg., 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Klaus-Schwarz-Verl., 2011
# Mit Gott und Frankreich: Bestimmungen Algeriens in Schriften des muslimischen Reformtheologen Ibn Badis zur Zeit der Volksfrontregierung (1936-1938) / Daniel Zakrzewski. 2012
# Central Asian pilgrims: hajj routes and pious visits between Central Asia and the Hijaz; [proceedings of an international conference held in Tashkent] / Alexandre Papas. - 1. Aufl. - Berlin: Schwarz [u.a.], 2012 [erschienen] 2011
# Palästinensische Märtyrerinnen: Selbstdarstellung und innerislamische Wahrnehmung weiblicher Selbstmordattentäter / Britt Ziolkowski. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, ©2012
# Zwei arabische Dialoge zur Alchemie: Die Unterredung des Aristoteles mit dem Inder Yūhīn und das Lehrgespräch der Alchemisten Qaydarūs und Mitāwus mit dem König Marqūnus. Edition, Übersetzung, Kommentar / Juliane Müller. 2012
# Seafarers of the Seven Seas: The Maritime Culture in the Kitab 'Aja'ib al-Hind by Buzurg Ibn Shahriyar (d. 399/1009) / Suhanna Shafiq. 2013
# Jurisdiktion als Mikrogeschichte.: Transkription, Übersetzung und Kommentierung von Auszügen aus dem Qādī|Kadiamtsregister 247 der Stadt Mardin um 1760. / Isabel Niemöller. Berlin: Klaus-Schwarz-Vlg 2012
# Red Pomegranates: Love, Beauty, and Deceit: Arabic Poetry about, for, and by Women. Mishael M. Caspi / John T. Greene / Mohammad Jiyad (eds.).
# Allah's Kolkhozes Migration, De-Stalinisation, Privatisation and the New Muslim Congregations in the Soviet Realm (1950s-2000s) Stéphane A. Dudoignon / Christian Noack (eds.) - 2014
# Die Rezepte der Freiburger alchemistischen Handschrift des Abd al-Gabbar al-Hamadani Edition, Übersetzung und Kommentar Georg Leube - 2013
# Family Portraits with Saints Hagiography, Sanctity, and Family in the Muslim World Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen / Alexandre Papas (eds.) - 2013
# A Life in Parables and Poetry: Mishael Maswari Caspi Essays in Memory of a Pedagogue, Poet, and Scholar John T. Greene (ed.) - 2014
# Pogrom in Istanbul, 6./7. September 1955 Die Rolle der türkischen Presse in einer kollektiven Plünderungs- und Vernichtungshysterie Ulkü Ağır - 2014
# Moderne, Subjekt, Staat Zur Rolle der Bildung in der Kontroverse zwischen Individuum und Staat im Iran Parvin Javadi - 2014
# Religious Communities and Modern Statehood The Ottoman and post-Ottoman World at the Age of Nationalism and Colonialism Michalis N. Michael, Tassos Anastassiadis, Chantal Verdeil (eds.) - 2015
# British Policy and the Nationalist Movement in Egypt, 1914-1924 A Political Study Majid Salman Hussain - 2015
# Feuerfunken im Orient 1914 –1916 Arabisch-osmanische Offiziere und haschimitische Aristokraten vor dem Großen Arabischen Aufstand Jasmina Jäckel de Aldana - 2015
# Die ersten 11 Suren des Koran Übersetzt von Johann Gottfried Wetzstein, erster preußischer Konsul in Damaskus 1849-1861 Ingeborg Huhn / Hars Kurio (Hg.) - 2015
# His Majesty's Consul in Saloniki Charles Blunt (1800-1864), ein europäischer Konsul als Agent der Modernisierung in der osmanischen Provinz Gülay Tulasoglu - 2015
# Ein traditionalistischer Korandeuter im Dienste des Kemalismus Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (1878–1942) Benjamin Flöhr - 2015
# Das Kitāb Sidrat al-muntahā des Pseudo-Ibn Waḥšīya Einleitung, Edition und Übersetzung eines hermetisch-allegorischen Traktats zur Alchemie Christopher Braun - 2016
# Irans Führungsanspruch (1979–2013) Mission, Anhängerschaft und islamistische Konzepte im Diskurs der Politik-Elite Oliver Borszik - 2016
# Pers-Andalus: iranische Kulturdenkmäler in &quot;al-Andalus al-aqṣā&quot; : Bewertung der Forschungsergebnisse für das 8.-12. Jahrhundert  Gabriele Dold-Ghadar - 2016
# Maritime terminology of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast: a lexical semantic study Muhammad Zafer Alhazmi - 2016

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz''' (25 ga Oktoba 1920 - 14 ga Fabrairu 2002) ta kasance memba na Resistance na Faransa a yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin da aka tura ta sansanin Ravensbrück . Bayan yakin, ta kasance [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|Mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam]] kuma shugabar kungiyar agaji ta ATD Quart Monde don Rage talauci. Kakanta Janar Charles de Gaulle ne, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Faransa daga 1959 zuwa 1969.

== Tsayayyar Faransa ==
[[Fayil:Rennes_-_Maison_de_Gaulle-Anthonioz_plaque.jpg|thumb|Alamar tunawa a gidan Geneviève de Gaulle, 10 Rue de Robin, Rennes[[Rennes|Dabbobin daji]]]]
Geneviève de Gaulle ta shiga Resistance bayan mamaye [[Faransa]] a watan Yunin 1940 kuma ta fadada hanyoyin sadarwar ta, musamman na Défense de la France . Pierre Bonny na Gestapo ta Faransa ne ya kama ta a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1943, ya ɗaure ta a Fresnes kuma ya kore ta zuwa sansanin Ravensbrück a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1944. 'Yan uwanta fursunoni sun hada da Jacqueline Fleury da Germaine Tillion .

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1944, an sanya de Gaulle a ware a cikin sansanin sansanin. Heinrich Himmler ya yanke shawarar kiyaye ta da rai don amfani da ita a matsayin mai yiwuwa fursuna. An sake ta a watan Afrilun shekara ta 1945. A shekara ta 1946 ta auri Bernard Anthonioz, ɗan'uwan adawa kuma editan fasaha, tare da shi ta haifi 'ya'ya huɗu.

== Ayyuka ==
A matsayinta na memba mai aiki kuma daga baya shugaban ADIR (Association of Deportées and Internées of the Résistance), ta shigar da kara a kan masu aikata laifukan yaki na Nazi, sannan ta shiga cikin tasowa na yunkurin siyasa da kawunta ya kaddamar, Rassemblement du peuple français (Rally of the French People).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=Panthéon : qui est Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz ? |url=https://www.cnews.fr/racines/2015-05-26/pantheon-qui-est-genevieve-de-gaulle-anthonioz-704827 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=CNEWS |language=fr}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1958, de Gaulle-Anthonioz ta yi aiki tare da majalisar André Malraux wanda mijinta ya kasance memba. Ta sadu da Uba Joseph Wresinski, a lokacin malamin garin Noisy-le-Grand. Rashin wahalar iyalan da ta sadu da su a can ya farfado da waɗanda ita da sauran waɗanda aka kwashe suka fuskanta.[1]

Da farko a matsayin mai sa kai na dindindin, de Gaulle-Anthonioz ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ATD Quart Monde daga 1964 zuwa 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;atd-quartmonde&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Geneviève de Gaulle Anthonioz |url=https://www.atd-quartmonde.fr/qui-sommes-nous/notre-histoire/60-genevieve-de-gaulle-anthonioz/ |website=ATD (Agir Tous pour la Dignité) Quart Monde}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1988 ta zama memba na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Faransa, kuma shekaru goma ta yi gwagwarmaya don karɓar dokar yaki da talauci. An jinkirta shi a shekara ta 1997 saboda rushewar Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, an kafa dokar ta a shekarar 1998.

== Kyauta ==
[[Fayil:Germaine_Tillion,_Geneviève_de_Gaulle-Anthonioz,_Pierre_Brossolette_et_Jean_Zay_rentrent_au_Panthéon_03.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tsayawa a Pantheon]]
A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, Shugaban Faransa [[François Hollande]] ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a binne Mme. de Gaulle-Anthonioz a cikin Pantheon . 

An binne ta a can a watan Mayu 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angelique Chrisafis |date=27 May 2015 |title=France president Francois Hollande adds resistance heroines to Panthéon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/27/french-president-hollande-honours-female-resistance-heroes-in-pantheon |access-date=25 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; a cikin jana'izar alama. Akwatin Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz a Panthéon ba ya dauke da gawarwakinta amma ƙasa daga kabarinta,  saboda iyalinta ba sa son a raba gawar ta da na mijinta. 

== Ayyuka ==

* Za a iya samun [[Faris|Paris]] bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org.
* Allah ya kasance a waje - An Echo of Ravensbruck (Fassara), 1999,  {{ISBN|0-285-63530-1}}
* [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan.

== Kayan ado ==

* Medal na Resistance
* Gicciye na Yaƙi 1939-1945
* Grand-Croix de la Légion d'honneur (de Gaulle-Anthonioz ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba da wannan matsayi). 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]]</text>
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'''Sheena Elizabeth Radford''' masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Burtaniya, kuma Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na Astbury kuma Farfesa ne a fannin binciken Royal Society a Cibiyar Astbury don Ilimin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Kwalejin, Makarantar Kwalejin kwayar Kwaleji da Kwalejin a Jami'ar Leeds .   &lt;ref&gt;{{YouTube|title=Folding proteins – from Astbury to Amyloid and Ageing}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology |url=https://astbury.leeds.ac.uk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000303025546/http://www.astbury.leeds.ac.uk:80/ |archive-date=2000-03-03 |access-date=2025-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radford shi ne Mataimakin Edita na Jaridar Molecular Biology . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=biologicalsciences |title=Professor Sheena Radford {{!}} Faculty of Biological Sciences {{!}} University of Leeds |url=https://biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk/biological-sciences/staff/127/professor-sheena-radford |access-date=2021-03-14 |website=biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Radford ta sami BSc a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Birmingham &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=biologicalsciences |title=Professor Sheena Radford {{!}} Faculty of Biological Sciences {{!}} University of Leeds |url=https://biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk/biological-sciences/staff/127/professor-sheena-radford |access-date=2021-03-14 |website=biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a shekarar 1984, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sheena E Radford {{!}} Faculty Member {{!}} Faculty Opinions |url=https://facultyopinions.com/prime/thefaculty/member/1378631921375221 |access-date=2021-03-14 |website=facultyopinions.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta sami PhD a fannin ilimin sunadarai na ilmin sunada a Jami'war Cambridge a shekarar 1987.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof Sheena Radford &amp;#124; Faculty of Biological Sciences |url=http://www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/staff/profile.php?tag=Radford |access-date=2014-06-10 |publisher=University of Leeds}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radford ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Oxford.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka da bincike ==
Radford ya kasance postdoc kuma Royal Society University Research Fellow a Jami'ar Oxford, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin Malami a Biochemistry da Molecular Biology a Jami'an Leeds a 1995, ya ci gaba zuwa Reader a 1998 da Farfesa a 2000. Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Cibiyar Astbury ta Tsarin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar halitta a cikin 2009 sannan Daraktan a cikin 2012 - 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=biologicalsciences |title=Professor Sheena Radford {{!}} Faculty of Biological Sciences {{!}} University of Leeds |url=https://biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk/biological-sciences/staff/127/professor-sheena-radford |access-date=2021-03-14 |website=biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binciken Radford  yayi bincike kan ninkawar furotin, Haɗin furotin da cutar amyloid. Binciken da ta yi na fannoni da yawa ya haɗa da fannoni kamar su biochemistry, ilmin sunadarai da magani.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali ga bincike shine rawar da furotin ke takawa a farkon cututtukan amyloidogenic, gami da amyloidosis da ke da alaƙa da dialysis, Alzheimer, Parkinson da Type II ciwon sukari. An yi wannan ne tare da amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na asali, NMR da hanyoyin kwayoyin guda ɗaya don nuna alamun matsakaici na ninkawar furotin da kuma a cikin samar da amyloid.[1] Bincike na biyu da aka mayar da hankali shine a kan ninkawar sunadarai na membrane na waje na kwayoyin Gram-negative. Fahimtar injiniyoyin yadda waɗannan sunadarai suka ninka zai taimaka wajen samun sabbin maganin rigakafi. Hannun na uku yana kallon yadda za'a iya tsawaita rayuwar magunguna.

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==
An zabi Radford a matsayin Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya (FMedSci) a cikin 2010, &lt;ref name=&quot;fmedsci&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2010 |title=Professor Sheena Radford FRS FMedSci |url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-sheena-radford/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125147/http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/professor-sheena-radford/ |archive-date=2014-10-06 |website=acmedsci.ac.uk |publisher=[[Academy of Medical Sciences]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a cikin 2014 &lt;ref name=&quot;royal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2014 |title=Professor Sheena Radford FMedSci FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/fellowship/2014/sheena-radford/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032918/https://royalsociety.org/people/fellowship/2014/sheena-radford |archive-date=2014-05-02 |publisher=royalsociety.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma memba na kasa da kasa na Kwaleji ta Kimiyya ta Kasa, Amurka, a cikin 2024.

Radford memba ne na Faculty na 1000 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sheena Radford: Section Head in Protein Chemistry &amp; Proteomics |url=http://f1000.com/prime/thefaculty/member/1378631921375221 |access-date=2014-06-10 |publisher=f1000.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada Radford a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2020 don hidimomi ga binciken ilmin halitta.&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|issue=63135|date=10 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Jerin Caroline</title>
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      <text bytes="5432" sha1="fvxcs4y0y6jcb54wpkgci45iumjfm5g" xml:space="preserve">Caroline Mary Series CBE FRS (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1951 ) masanin lissafi ne na Ingila wanda aka sani da aikinta a cikin lissafin hyperbolic, Ƙungiyoyin Kleinian da tsarin ƙarfi.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Caroline_Series.jpg|right|thumb|Caroline a cikin 1976]]
An haifi jerin ne a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1951, a Oxford ga Annette da George Series .  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Oxford don 'yan mata kuma daga 1969 ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, inda Anne Cobbe ta yi mata tamBA don shiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Interview with Professor Caroline Series |url=http://europeanwomeninmaths.org/sites/default/files/documents/portraits/ima_-mathematics-today.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215727/http://europeanwomeninmaths.org/sites/default/files/documents/portraits/ima_-mathematics-today.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=28 August 2018 |website=European Women in Maths}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami B.A. a cikin Lissafi a 1972 kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta lissafi ta jami'a. An ba ta Kyautar Kennedy Scholarship kuma ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] daga 1972, ta sami Ph.D. a 1976  wanda George Mackey ke kula da shi a kan Ergodicity na kungiyoyin samfur. 

== Ayyuka da bincike ==
A cikin 1976-77 ta kasance malama a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, kuma a cikin 1977-78 ta kasance mai bincike a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge . Daga 1978 ta kasance a Jami'ar Warwick, da farko a matsayin malami, sannan, daga 1987, a matsayin mai karatu, kuma daga 1992 a matsayin farfesa. Daga 1999 zuwa 2004 ta kasance Babban Binciken Bincike na Injiniya da Kimiyya na Jiki (EPSRC) a Jami'ar Warwick .

A cikin shekarun 1970s, Series ya sami zane-zane na Rufus Bowen's Theory of Dynamic Systems a cikin lissafin ci gaba da raguwa da lissafin hyperbolic mai girma biyu, tasirin Ƙungiyoyin Fuchsian. Bayan haka ta bincika irin wannan, gami da fractal, alamu na lissafi a cikin sararin samaniya guda uku, tare da Ƙungiyoyin Kleinian a matsayin Ƙungiyoyin daidaituwa. Hotunan kwamfuta sun haifar da aikin littafi tare da David Mumford da David Wright, wanda ya ɗauki sama da shekaru goma. Sauran marubuta tare da waɗanda ta buga a wannan yanki sun haɗa da Linda Keen da Joan Birman .

Series ta zama mace ta uku da ta zama shugabar kungiyar London Mathematical Society lokacin da ta rike mukamin a shekarar 2017-2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Female Presidents for Three Maths Societies |url=https://ima.org.uk/8604/female-presidents-three-maths-societies/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=IMA |publisher=[[Institute of Mathematics]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407012009/https://ima.org.uk/8604/female-presidents-three-maths-societies/ |archive-date=7 April 2023 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 February 2020 |title=THE JEREMIAH HORROCKS LECTURE- Indra's Pearls: A mathematical adventure – CANCELLED |url=https://www.star.uclan.ac.uk/2020/02/19/the-jeremiah-horrocks-lecture-indras-pearls-a-mathematical-adventure/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |publisher=[[University of Central Lancashire]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita ce farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Warwick . 

=== Littattafan da aka zaɓa ===

* tare da David Mumford da David Wright: Lu'u-lu'u na Indra . Jami'ar Cambridge Press 2002.
* {{Cite journal |last=Series |first=Caroline |year=1985 |title=The geometry of Markoff numbers |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematical-intelligencer_1985_7_3/page/20 |journal=The Mathematical Intelligencer |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=20–29 |doi=10.1007/bf03025802 |issn=0343-6993 |s2cid=122241136}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Series |first=Caroline |year=1982 |title=Non-euclidean geometry, continued fractions, and ergodic theory |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematical-intelligencer_1982_4_1/page/24 |journal=The Mathematical Intelligencer |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=24–31 |doi=10.1007/bf03022992 |issn=0343-6993 |s2cid=120656792}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Series |first=C. |date=8 September 1987 |title=Some geometrical models of chaotic dynamics |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences |publisher=The Royal Society |volume=413 |issue=1844 |pages=171–182 |bibcode=1987RSPSA.413..171S |doi=10.1098/rspa.1987.0108 |issn=0080-4630 |s2cid=125057548}}
* [http://plus.maths.org/issue43/features/serieswright/index.html Jerin, Wright Ba Euclidean Geometry da Indra's Pearls, Plus Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015095136/http://plus.maths.org/issue43/features/serieswright/index.html |date=2009-10-15 }}
*  

=== Daraja da kyaututtuka ===
A shekara ta 1987 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Junior Whitehead ta London Mathematical Society . A shekara ta 1992 ta gudanar da Lecture na Rouse Ball a Cambridge, kuma a shekara ta 1986 ta kasance mai ba da jawabi a Taron Kasa da Kasa na Mathematicians a Berkeley (Symbolic Dynamics for Geodesic Flows). Daga 1990 zuwa 2001 ta kasance edita na Rubutun Dalibai na London Mathematical Society . A shekara ta 1986 ta kasance memba na kafa kungiyar mata ta Turai a lissafi (EWM).

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ita ce 'yar masanin kimiyyar lissafi George Series . 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]]
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    <title>Ifeoma Ajunwa</title>
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Ifeoma Yvonne Ajunwa (an haife ta a 26 ga Oktoba 1980) [1] marubuciya ce ta Najeriya-Amurka, masanin shari'a na AI Ethics, masanin zamantakewa, kuma Asa Griggs Candler Farfesa na Shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Emory inda ita ma Mataimakin Dean ce kuma Darakta na Kafa A.I. da Shirin Aiki na Makomar. [2] Ta kasance Mazauniyar Fellow a Yale Law School's Information Society Project (ISP) kuma ta kasance Mataimakin Ma'aikata a Cibiyar Berkman Klein a Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard tun daga shekara ta 2017. [3][4] Daga 2021-2022, ta kasance Fulbright Scholar a Najeriya inda ta yi karatun matsayin doka don farawa na fasaha.[5] Ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin aiki da aiki a Jami'ar Cornell daga 2017-2020, inda ta sami aiki a can a shekarar 2020. [6][7] Ita memba ce ta Zaɓaɓɓen Cibiyar Shari'a ta Amurka kuma Zaɓaɓɓon Rayuwa na Gidauniyar Bar ta Amurka . Ita ce marubucin The Quantified Worker, wanda Cambridge University Press ta buga a 2023.
== Ilimi ==
Ajunwa ta kammala karatu a Yale Law School (LLM) da Jami'ar Columbia (M.Phil da Ph.D.) Ta kuma kammala Fellowship a Cibiyar Berkman Klein ta Jami'ar Harvard &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-05 |title=Berkman Klein Center Announces 2016-2017 Community {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/newsroom/2016_2017_community |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; daga 2016-2017. Ajunwa ya kasance McNair Scholar a matsayin dalibi na digiri, ya sami AAUW Selected Professions Fellowship a makarantar shari'a, kuma ya kasance Paul F. Lazersfeld Fellow a matsayin daliban PhD.&lt;ref name=&quot;datasociety&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa |url=https://datasociety.net/people/ajunwa-ifeoma/ |access-date=2019-04-13 |archive-date=2019-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414005924/https://datasociety.net/people/ajunwa-ifeoma/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Josh Whitford ne ya ba da shawara kan rubutun PhD na Ajunwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Josh Whitford |url=https://sociology.columbia.edu/content/josh-whitford |access-date=2019-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Award Abstract #1602900 – Doctoral Dissertation Research: Re-entry organizations and the formally incarcerated |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1602900 |access-date=2019-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Ajunwa marubuci ne, masanin shari'a, mai binciken ka'idojin AI, kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a. Ta rike gajerun mukamai da yawa a makarantu daban-daban kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Asa Griggs Candler Farfesa na Shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Emory . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Emory Law Faculty Profiles |url=https://law.emory.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/ajunwa-profile.html |access-date=2021-06-24 |website=UNC School of Law |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin wannan, Ajunwa ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Makarantar Masana'antu da Harkokin Aiki ta Jami'ar Cornell  kuma memba ne na ma'aikata a Makarantar Shari'a ta Cornell . &lt;ref name=&quot;ilr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa |url=https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/people/ifeoma-ajunwa |access-date=2019-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124184408/http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/people/ifeoma-ajunwa |archive-date=2018-01-24 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lawschool&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa |url=https://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/faculty/bio.cfm?id=864 |access-date=2019-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002144642/http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/faculty/bio.cfm?id=864 |archive-date=2017-10-02 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce Mataimakiyar Ma'aikata a Cibiyar Berkman Klein don Intanet &amp; Society a [[Jami'ar Harvard]],  inda a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Fellow daga 2016-2017 kuma a matsayin Malami a Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard,  &lt;ref name=&quot;lawschool&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-03-24 |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/iajunwa |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/iajunwa |access-date=2019-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jami'ar Cornell ce ta ba Ajunwa lambar yabo a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cornell University ILR School |url=https://www.facebook.com/ILRSchool/posts/3200246816664479 |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan barin Cornell, ta ɗan koyar da Yarjejeniya a Jami'ar North Carolina School of Law. A cikin semester dinta na farko a UNC, ta karbi matsayi a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Emory, wanda ta fara a 2023.

Binciken Ajunwa yana kan haɗuwa da doka da fasaha tare da mai da hankali kan tsarin mulki na yau da kullun na fasahar aiki, kabilanci da fasaha, AI da nuna bambanci (musamman a yankin Afirka), shugabancin kamfanoni, DEI, daidaito na kiwon lafiya da sirri. Binciken da ta yi ya kuma mayar da hankali kan bambancin da hadawa a kasuwar ma'aikata da wurin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;lawschool&quot;/&gt; Littafinta na farko - The Quantified Worker - an buga shi ne ta Cambridge University Press a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifeomaajunwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa, J.D., Ph.D. |url=http://ifeomaajunwa.com |access-date=2019-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajunwa babban mai magana ne mai aiki, memba na kwamitin, mai ba da shawara, kuma gwani kan batutuwan AI da Da'a. Ta ba da shaida a gaban Majalisa da hukumomin gwamnati da yawa. A ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2023, ta ba da shaida a gaban taron Hukumar Daidaitaccen Aiki (EEOC) na ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2023 - Gudanar da nuna bambanci ga ma'aikata a cikin AI da Tsarin Aiki. A ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Ajunwa ya ba da shaida a kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a kan &quot;The Future of Work: Protecting Workers' Civil Rights in the Digital Age&quot;. Ta tattauna nuna bambancin launin fata da ke da ikon fasaha na wucin gadi a cikin ayyukan daukar ma'aikata kuma ta ba da shawara ga dokokin da ke kare sirrin bayanan mutum da na kwayar halitta a wurin aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2020 |title=Ajunwa to Congress: Help stop employers' AI-fueled bias |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2020/02/ajunwa-congress-help-stop-employers-ai-fueled-bias |access-date=2020-05-18 |publisher=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2020 |title=Hearing on The Future of Work: Protecting Workers' Civil Rights in the Digital Age – Prepared Testimony of Professor Ifeoma Ajunwa, J.D., Ph.D. |url=https://edlabor.house.gov/imo/media/doc/AjunwaTestimony02052020.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727194915/https://edlabor.house.gov/imo/media/doc/AjunwaTestimony02052020.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=2020-05-18 |publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]] [[United States House Committee on Education and Labor|Committee on Education and Labor]], Joint Hearing of Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Human Services}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2018, Ajunwa ta kasance Kakakin TEDx a Jami'ar Cornell  inda ta gabatar da jawabi game da Rashin jituwa na Da'a da Fasaha a Wurin Aiki na zamani. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=TEDxCornell to Host 'Eclectic' Fourth Conference |url=https://cornellsun.com/2018/04/26/tedxcornell-to-host-eclectic-fourth-conference/ |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Cornell, Ajunwa ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin a kan kwamitocin ba da shawara da yawa, gami da Cibiyar Ci gaban Afirka  da Shirin Ilimi na Kurkuku na Cornell (CPEP). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=People {{!}} Institute for African Development {{!}} Einaudi Center |url=https://einaudi.cornell.edu/programs/institute-african-development/people |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=einaudi.cornell.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our People {{!}} Cornell Prison Education Program |url=https://cpep.cornell.edu/about-us/advisory-board/ |access-date=2020-07-07 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618033214/https://cpep.cornell.edu/about-us/advisory-board/ |archive-date=2020-06-18 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce ta kwamitin kafa kungiyar Labor Tech Research Network kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin ba da shawara ko mai ba da shawara ga kamfanonin fasaha na Fortune 500.

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==

* 2025 - Shahararren mace ta Afirka a cikin fasaha - AWIT
* 2023 - Zababben Life Fellow na American Bar Foundation
* 2023 - An zabe shi memba na Cibiyar Shari'a ta Amurka
* 2023-2024- Mazaunin Mazaunin, Yale Law's Information Society Project
* 2022 - 2023: Mai ziyara Fellow, Yale Law School's Information Society Project &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa – Yale Law School |url=https://law.yale.edu/ifeoma-ajunwa |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=law.yale.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021-2022: Fulbright Scholar (ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin: Najeriya) &lt;ref name=&quot;law.unc.edu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ajunwa Selected for Nigeria Fulbright Scholar Award |url=https://law.unc.edu/news/2021/05/ajunwa-nigeria-fulbright-scholar-award/ |access-date=2021-06-24 |website=UNC School of Law |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020: Kyautar Kyautar Kwalejin, Jami'ar Cornell &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Graduate Diversity &amp; Inclusion Awardees : Graduate School |url=https://gradschool.cornell.edu/diversity-inclusion/graduate-diversity-inclusion-awards/graduate-diversity-inclusion-awardees-2020/ |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=gradschool.cornell.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710170945/https://gradschool.cornell.edu/diversity-inclusion/graduate-diversity-inclusion-awards/graduate-diversity-inclusion-awardees-2020/ |archive-date=2020-07-10 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Kyautar NSF CAREER &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 September 2019 |title=National Science Foundation research award received by Ajunwa |url=https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/news/national-science-foundation-research-award-received-ajunwa |access-date=2019-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Award Abstract #1848213 – CAREER: The Development, Design, and Ethical Issues of Algorithmic Hiring Tools |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1848213 |access-date=2019-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 November 2019 |title=Using Artificial Intelligence to Select Job Candidates |url=https://research.cornell.edu/research/using-artificial-intelligence-select-job-candidates |access-date=2019-11-26 |publisher=Cornell Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207162119/https://research.cornell.edu/research/using-artificial-intelligence-select-job-candidates |archive-date=2019-12-07 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018-2019: Keeton House Fellow, Jami'ar Cornell &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=William Keeton House – House Fellows |url=https://williamkeetonhouse.cornell.edu/people/House-Fellows.cfm |access-date=2019-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615191245/http://williamkeetonhouse.cornell.edu/people/House-Fellows.cfm |archive-date=2014-06-15 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: Kyautar Derrick A. Bell daga Ƙungiyar Makarantun Shari'a ta Amurka &lt;ref name=&quot;ilr&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ifeomaajunwa&quot;/&gt;
* 2016-2017: Fellow, Cibiyar Berkman Klein a Jami'ar Harvard &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-07-05 |title=Berkman Klein Center Announces 2016–2017 Community {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/newsroom/2016_2017_community |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010-2015: Paul F. Lazersfeld Fellow, Jami'ar Columbia
* 1999-2003: Masanin McNair, UC Davis

== Ayyukan da aka zaɓa ==
Binciken doka:

# A.I. da Captured Capital, 134 Yale L.J. Forum (2025) 
# Genetic Privacy, 100 Ind. L.J. 583 (2025) (tare da Forrest Briscoe) 
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5135563 Bayanai Sirri ta Yarjejeniya], 45 Cardozo L.Rev. 1436 (2024) (tare da Austin Kamer) 
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4934901 Ilimin Artificial, Afrofuturism, da Adalci na Tattalin Arziki], 112 Geo L. J. 1267 (2024).
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4342125 Gudanarwa ta atomatik], 101 N.C. L. REV. 355 (2023)
# Tattaunawar Bidiyo ta atomatik a matsayin New Phrenology, 36 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1173 (2022) 
# Wani Bincike Mai Muhimmanci don Tsarin Hanyar Hanyar Hoto, 34 Harv. J.L. &amp; Tech. 1 (2021).
# Kare 'Yancin Jama'a na Ma'aikata a cikin Digital Age, 21 N.C.J.L &amp; Tech. 1 (2020).
# Paradox na Automation a matsayin Anti-Bias Intervention, 41 Cardozo. L. Rev.1671 (2020) 
# Rashin nuna bambanci na Shekaru ta hanyar Platforms, 40 Berkeley J. Emp. &amp; Lab. L.1 (2019).
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3247286 Algorithms a Aiki: Aikace-aikacen Kula da Ayyuka da Fasahar Wearable], 63 St. Louis U. L.J. 21 (2019). Ife
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3192617 Yaki da nuna bambanci da aka yi wa wadanda aka yi wa fursuna a kasuwar ma'aikata], 112 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1385 (2018).  (tare da Farfesa Angela Onwuachi-Willig).
# Kula da Ma'aikata marasa iyaka, 105 Cal. L. Rev. 736 (2017) (tare da Farfesa Jason Schultz da Kate Crawford).
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2460897 Bayanan Kwayar halitta da 'Yancin Bil'adama], 51 Harv. C.R.-C. L. L. Rev. 75 (2016).
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2460898 Wasikar Scarlet ta zamani], 83 Fordham L. Rev. 2999 (2015).
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2460891 Gwajin Kwayar halitta ya haɗu da Babban Bayani: Tort da Dokar Yarjejeniya], 75 Ohio St. L. J. 1225 (2014).
# [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2460859 Bad Barrels: Binciken Ƙungiya na Cin zarafin 'Yancin Dan Adam A cikin Tsarin Kurkuku na Amurka], 17 U. PA. J. L. &amp; Soc. Canji 75 (2014).

Peer reviewed da sauran wallafe-wallafen:

# &quot;Race, Labor, and the Future of Work,&quot; Oxford Handbook of Race and Law in the United States, Eds. Devon Carbado, Emily Houh, da Khiara Bridges (baƙon gudummawa) (mai zuwa 2020) 
# &quot;The Black Box at Work&quot; Bayani na Musamman na Babban Bayani da Al'umma, Eds. Frank Pasquale da Benedetta Brevini (baƙon gudummawa) (mai zuwa 2020) 
# Canjin ra'ayoyin jama'a game da darajar DNA na mutum da tsammanin don mulkin bayanan genomic: Sakamakon binciken ƙasa Briscoe F, Ajunwa I, Gaddis A, McCormick J (2020) PLOS ONE 15 (3): e0229044. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229044&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# &quot;Tsarin aiki: Tsarin Hanyar Hanyar Hoto da Sauran Sabbin Tsakanin a cikin Ƙungiyar Wurin Aiki. &quot; (tare da Daniel Greene) A A Aiki da Aiki a cikin Digital Age. Bincike a cikin ilimin zamantakewa na aiki. An buga shi a kan layi: 14 Yuni 2019; 61-91.
# [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Fasahar DNA. SAGE Encyclopedia of Surveillance, Security and Privacy .  (baƙon gudummawa).
# &quot;Lafiya da Babban Bayani: Tsarin Da'a don Tarin Bayanai na Lafiya Ta Shirye-shiryen Kiwon Lafiya na Kamfanin&quot;, Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics, 44 (2016): 474-480 (tare da Kate Crawford da Joel Ford).

Labaran Magana / Labaran kafofin watsa labarai:

* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Afirka tana jiran abin da kuka yi alkawari,&quot; NYTimes, Disamba 1, 2022 
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Ikon Ketanji Brown Jackson's African Name,&quot; '''Slate''', Maris 24, 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ajunwa |first=Ifeoma |date=2022-03-24 |title=The Power of Ketanji Brown Jackson's African Name |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2022/03/ketanji-brown-jackson-name-african.html |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Slate Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Za mu iya amincewa da alkawuran kamfanoni ga daidaito na launin fata?&quot;, '''Forbes''', Fabrairu 23, 2021 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2021 |title=Can We Trust Corporate Commitments to Racial Equity? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ifeomaajunwa/2021/02/23/can-we-trust-corporate-commitments-to-racial-equity/ |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=[[Forbes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, Forrest Briscoe, &quot;Amsar rigakafin COVID-19 Za ta kasance a cikin kwayoyinmu, amma ...&quot;, '''Masanin kimiyya na Amurka''', Mayu 13, 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2020 |title=The Answer to a COVID-19 Vaccine May Lie in Our Genes, But ... |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-answer-to-a-covid-19-vaccine-may-lie-in-our-genes-but/ |access-date=2020-06-18 |publisher=[[Scientific American]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Ka kula da aikin haya na atomatik&quot;, The New York Times, 8 ga Oktoba, 2019 
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;The Rise of Platform Authoritarianism&quot;, '''ACLU,''' Afrilu 10, 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 April 2018 |title=The Rise of Platform Authoritarianism |url=https://www.aclu.org/issues/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/rise-platform-authoritarianism |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=ACLU}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;masu amfani da Facebook ba shine dalilin da ya sa Facebook ke cikin matsala yanzu&quot;, '''Washington Post''', Maris 23, 2018 
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Binciken Kamfanin Yana Juya Ma'aikatan Dan Adam zuwa Cogs Fungible&quot;, The Atlantic, Mayu 19, 2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=Corporate Surveillance Is Turning Human Workers Into Fungible Cogs |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/05/corporate-surveillance-is-turning-human-workers-into-fungible-cogs/524961/ |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=The Atlantic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Tsarin Kula da Lafiya na Aiki Zai Iya Sa Bayanan Lafiya a Haɗari&quot;, '''Harvard Business Review''', Janairu 19, 2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ajunwa |first=Ifeoma |date=19 January 2017 |title=Workplace Wellness Programs Could Be Putting Your Health Data at Risk |url=https://hbr.org/2017/01/workplace-wellness-programs-could-be-putting-your-health-data-at-risk |journal=Harvard Business Review |access-date=2019-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Kiran da za a 'ƙuntata akwatin' a aikace-aikacen kwaleji&quot;, Washington Examiner, Nuwamba 10, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2015 |title=A call to 'ban the box' on college applications |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/a-call-to-ban-the-box-on-college-applications |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=Washington Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Wani babban hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Amurka da ya kamata mu yi murna shi ne wanda babu wanda yake magana game da shi&quot;, '''Quartz''', Yuni 29, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 June 2015 |title=The other big US Supreme Court decision we should be celebrating is one no one's talking about |url=https://qz.com/438704/the-other-big-supreme-court-decision-we-should-be-celebrating-is-one-no-ones-talking-about/ |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=Quartz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Babu tabbacin rashin suna&quot;, The New York Times, Maris 4, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=There's No Guarantee of Anonymity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2015/03/02/23andme-and-the-promise-of-anonymous-genetic-testing-10/theres-no-guarantee-of-anonymity |access-date=2019-04-13 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Shin kun san inda bayanan kiwon lafiya yake?&quot;, '''Huffington Post''', Fabrairu 13, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2015 |title=Do You Know Where Your Health Data Is? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/do-you-know-where-your-he_b_6673304 |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Don Amsawar Ebola - Tunanin Infrastructure, Ba Gudummawa ba&quot;, '''Huffington Post''', Nuwamba 30, 2014 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 November 2014 |title=For Ebola Response – Think Infrastructure, Not Donations |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/for-ebola-response-think_b_6244344 |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ifeoma Ajunwa, &quot;Yammacin Afirka Ba ta Bukatar Kyautarku don Yaki da Ebola&quot;, '''Huffington Post''', Nuwamba 13, 2014 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 November 2014 |title=West Africa Does Not Need Your Donations to Fight Ebola |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/west-africa-does-not-need_b_6152094 |access-date=2019-04-13 |publisher=Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* Ifeoma Ajunwawallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google
* Ifeoma Ajunwa &quot;Rashin jituwa game da Da'a da Fasaha a cikin Gudanar da Wurin aiki na zamani&quot;, Jami'ar TedxCornell, Mayu 2018
* {{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Ajunwa – Writer, Professor |url=https://ifeomaajunwa.com |access-date=2020-06-18}}
* {{Cite web |title=NSF Award Search: Advanced Search Results – Ifeoma Ajunwa |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/advancedSearchResult?PIId=&amp;PIFirstName=ifeoma&amp;PILastName=ajunwa&amp;IncludeCoPI=true&amp;BooleanElement=All&amp;BooleanRef=All&amp;ActiveAwards=true&amp;ExpiredAwards=true |access-date=2020-06-18 |publisher=[[National Science Foundation]]}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajunwa, Ifeoma}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
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{{Databox}}

'''''Amaranthus hybridus''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''kore amaranth''',  '''siririn amaranth''',  '''santsi amaranth''', '''santsi pigweed''', ko '''ja amaranth''', nau'in shukar fure ne na shekara-shekara. Nau'i ne mai ciyawa da ake samu a yawancin Arewacin Amurka kuma an shigar da shi Turai da Eurasia.

== Bayani ==
[[Fayil:Amaranthushybridus.jpg|left|thumb|409x409px|''Amaranthus hybridus'']]
''Amaranthus hybridus'' yana tsiro daga ɗan gajeren tushen taproot kuma yana iya kaiwa tsawon mita 2.5. Itace ce mai ƙyalli ko kuma mai walƙiya .

== Rarrabawa ==
Asalin ''Amaranthus hybridus'' shuka ce ta farko a gabashin [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] . An ruwaito cewa an same ta a kowace jiha banda [[Wyoming]], [[Utah]], da [[Alaska]] . Haka kuma ana samunta a larduna da yawa na [[Kanada]], da kuma a wasu sassan [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], West Indies, Central America, da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . An samar da ita a wurare da yawa da ke da yanayi mai zafi. Tana girma a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da wuraren da ke da matsala.

== Tsarin Haraji ==
Yana da matuƙar bambancin ra'ayi, kuma ana kyautata zaton sauran nau'ikan ''Amaranthus'' da yawa sun kasance masu haɗakar halitta ko kuma sun samo asali ne daga ''A. hybridus'' .

== A matsayin ciyawa ==
Duk da cewa ana iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi kuma ba shi da gasa sosai, ana gane shi a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa ga amfanin gona na Arewacin Amurka.

== Amfani ==
Ana iya cin iri da ganyen da aka dafa. 

An yi amfani da shukar don abinci da magani ta ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin Amurka da dama da kuma a [[Magungunan gargajiya na Afirka|fannin maganin gargajiya na Afirka]] . Tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a matsayin ''Quelite quintonil'' a kasuwannin abinci na Mexico. Tana da ƙarancin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta, amma tana ɗauke [[Phytochemical|da sinadarai]] masu kyau na hana cutar kansa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Romero-Benavides |first=Juan Carlos |last2=Guaraca-Pino |first2=Evelyn |last3=Duarte-Casar |first3=Rodrigo |last4=Rojas-Le-Fort |first4=Marlene |last5=Bailon-Moscoso |first5=Natalia |date=December 2023 |title=Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L.: Ancestral Andean Food Security and Modern Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity |journal=Pharmaceuticals |language=en |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=1728 |doi=10.3390/ph16121728 |issn=1424-8247 |pmc=10747716 |pmid=38139854 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nassoshi ==
{{Commons category-inline}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141210224057/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?290,294,303 Maganin Jepson da Manual]
* [http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/amaranthus_hybridus.htm Hotuna daban-daban na kore amaranth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610023745/http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/amaranthus_hybridus.htm |date=2008-06-10 }} Archived  
* [http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Amaranthus+hybridus Ethnobotany]</text>
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    <title>Gustavo Henrique Sauerbeck</title>
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[[Fayil:16 11 2019 Partida de futebol Santos e São Paulo Gustavo Henrique.jpg|thumb]]
'''Gustavo Henrique Sauerbeck de Almeida''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ya shahara da suna '''Gustavo Sauer'''. Yana taka leda a matsayin mai kai hari ko kuma ɗan wasan gefe. Ya yi fice wajen saurin gudu, iya sarrafa ƙwallo da kuma kirkirar damar cin ƙwallaye a wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gustavo Sauer Profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/gustavo-sauer/profil/spieler/225674 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Gustavo Sauer a birnin [[São Paulo]] na ƙasar Brazil. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awa sosai ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya fara buga wasa a ƙananan makarantu da kungiyoyin matasa a yankinsa. Hazakarsa ta taimaka masa wajen samun damar shiga tsarin horaswa na ƙwararrun kungiyoyi tun yana matashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gustavo Sauer Biography |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/gustavo-henrique-sauerbeck-de-almeida/178180/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙungiya ==

=== Goiás ===
Gustavo Sauer ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru tare da kungiyar [[Goias Esporte Clube|Goiás]]. A lokacin da yake kungiyar ya samu damar nuna bajintarsa a gasar Serie A ta Brazil da kuma Serie B. Salon wasansa na kai hari daga gefe ya sanya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da ake sa ran za su yi fice a lokacin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Goiás player statistics |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/gustavo-sauer/profil/spieler/225674 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tafiya zuwa Turai ===
Bayan ya bar Goiás, Gustavo Sauer ya koma Turai domin ci gaba da buga ƙwallo. Ya fara taka leda a Portugal tare da kungiyar [[Nacional Futebol Clube|Nacional]], inda ya samu gogewa a gasar Primeira Liga. Duk da cewa bai dade sosai a kungiyar ba, lokacinsa a Portugal ya taimaka wajen daidaita wasansa da tsarin kwallon Turai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gustavo Sauer at Nacional |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/gustavo-henrique-sauerbeck-de-almeida/178180/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Çaykur Rizespor da Sivasspor ===
A shekarar 2016, Gustavo Sauer ya koma kungiyar [[Çaykur Rizespor]] ta ƙasar Turkiyya. A can ya fara nuna bajinta sosai ta fuskar kirkirar dama da cin ƙwallaye. Daga baya ya taka leda a kungiyar [[Sivasspor]], inda ya ci gaba da habaka kwarewarsa a gasar Super Lig ta Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Turkish Super Lig Profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/gustavo-sauer/profil/spieler/225674 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lokacinsa mafi armashi ya kasance bayan dawowarsa Rizespor, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan kungiyar. Ya taimaka wajen samar da kwallaye da dama tare da nuna ƙwarewa wajen bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da taimakawa abokan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gustavo Sauer Performance Data |url=https://www.sofascore.com/player/gustavo-sauer/254174 |website=Sofascore |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Botafogo ===
A shekarar 2022, Gustavo Sauer ya koma kungiyar [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] ta Brazil. Komawarsa gida ya jawo hankalin magoya baya saboda irin gogewar da ya samu a Turai. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar wajen wasannin cikin gida da kuma gasannin nahiyar Kudancin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Botafogo signs Gustavo Sauer |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/botafogo/ |website=Globo Esporte |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
Gustavo Sauer ya shahara wajen taka leda a matsayin ɗan gefe mai kai hari. Yana amfani da sauri da iya sarrafa ƙwallo wajen wuce abokan hamayya. Haka kuma yana iya taka rawa a matsayin mai shirya hari saboda iya bayar da taimakon ƙwallaye da hangen nesa a fili.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Player Analysis: Gustavo Sauer |url=https://www.sofascore.com/player/gustavo-sauer/254174 |website=Sofascore |access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kididdiga ==
=== Aikin ƙungiya ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Kungiya
! Shekaru
! Wasanni
! Kwallaye
|-
| [[Goias Esporte Clube|Goiás]]
| 2011–2015
| 77
| 9
|-
| [[Nacional Futebol Clube|Nacional]]
| 2015–2016
| 13
| 1
|-
| [[Çaykur Rizespor]]
| 2016
| 15
| 3
|-
| [[Esporte Clube Bahia|Bahia]]
| 2017
| 10
| 0
|-
| [[Sivasspor]]
| 2017–2018
| 33
| 5
|-
| [[Çaykur Rizespor]]
| 2018–2022
| 101
| 29
|-
| [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]
| 2022–2023
| 30
| 4
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* {{Soccerway|gustavo-henrique-sauerbeck-de-almeida}}
* {{Transfermarkt|gustavo-sauer}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jailson Marques Siqueira</title>
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[[Fayil:Jailson Siqueira (Cropped - Copa Libertadores Semifinal 2017).jpg|thumb]]
'''Jailson Marques Siqueira''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1995) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya. An san shi da ƙarfin jiki, iya kare ƙwallo da kuma iya fara kai farmaki daga baya.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Jailson ya fara rayuwarsa a Caçapava do Sul, wani gari a ƙasar Brazil. Ya girma yana sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya fara buga wasa a ƙananan matakai kafin daga baya ya shiga tsarin matasa na kulob ɗin kwallon kafa a Brazil.

&lt;ref&gt;Bayani daga tarihin 'yan wasa na Brazil da bayanan kulob-kulob&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fara Aikin Kwallon Kafa ==
Ya fara fitowa a matakin ƙwararru ne a shekarar 2014. Bayan gwaje-gwaje da dama, ya samu damar shiga manyan kulob-kulob a Brazil, inda ya fara bayyana a gasar Serie A ta Brazil. A wannan lokaci, ya nuna ƙwarewa wajen kare tsakiya da hana kai farmaki.

&lt;ref&gt;Rahotanni daga gasar Serie A Brazil da bayanan kulob&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin Kulob (Club Career) ==
Jailson ya yi fice sosai a kulob ɗin Figueirense kafin daga baya ya koma Grêmio, inda ya samu damar buga manyan wasanni a matakin ƙasa da na nahiyar Amurka ta Kudu. A shekarar 2018, ya koma kulob ɗin Palmeiras, inda ya samu ci gaba mai kyau a aikinsa.

A Palmeiras, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da gasar Copa Libertadores. Salon wasansa ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ‘yan wasan tsakiyar kulob ɗin.

&lt;ref&gt;Rahoton Copa Libertadores da bayanan Palmeiras&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon Wasa ==
Jailson yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya. Yana da ƙarfi wajen satar ƙwallo, yin tackles masu tsabta, da kuma rarraba ƙwallo cikin hikima. Hakanan yana da iya bin wasan da kyau da kuma kare baya.

&lt;ref&gt;Analysis daga masu sharhin kwallon kafa na Brazil&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Kasa (International Career) ==
Har zuwa yanzu, Jailson bai samu damar zama ɗan wasan ƙasar Brazil na farko ba a manyan gasa, amma an rika kiransa a matakan matasa da jerin ‘yan wasa masu jiran gayyata.

&lt;ref&gt;Brazil Football Federation records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori (Honours) ==
* Copa Libertadores – Palmeiras
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série A – Palmeiras
* Wasu kofuna na cikin gida a Brazil

&lt;ref&gt;Kungiyar Palmeiras official records&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin Waje ==
* Shafin kulob ɗin Palmeiras
* Bayanan 'yan wasa a rumbun bayanan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Henrique Adriano Buss</title>
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[[Fayil:Henrique2013.jpg|thumb]]
'''Henrique Adriano Buss''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1986) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ya yi fice a matsayin mai tsaron baya. An fi saninsa da sunan '''Henrique''', kuma ya taka leda a manyan kungiyoyi kamar [[FC Barcelona]], [[SSC Napoli]], [[SE Palmeiras]], [[Coritiba]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Brazil. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan bayan Brazil masu ƙarfi da iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na baya.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_(footballer,_born_October_1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_%28footballer,_born_October_1986%29)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Henrique Adriano Buss a garin Marechal Cândido Rondon da ke jihar Paraná a ƙasar Brazil. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, inda daga baya ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta kulob din Coritiba. Kwarewarsa wajen kare baya da kuma iya karanta wasan cikin sauri ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da ake sa ran za su yi fice a Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kulob ==
=== Coritiba ===
Henrique ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru tare da kungiyar Coritiba a shekara ta 2006. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar wajen samun nasarar lashe gasar Série B ta Brazil a shekarar 2007. Haka kuma, bajintarsa a baya ta sa manyan kungiyoyi suka fara nuna sha’awarsu a kansa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_(footballer,_born_October_1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_%28footballer,_born_October_1986%29)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Palmeiras ===
A shekarar 2008 Henrique ya koma kungiyar Palmeiras, inda ya ci gaba da nuna kwarewa sosai a matsayin mai tsaron baya. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar wajen lashe gasar Campeonato Paulista ta shekarar 2008. Salon wasansa ya haɗa da ƙarfi, saurin dakile hare-hare da kuma iya tura kwallo daga baya zuwa gaba.&lt;ref&gt;[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Barcelona da zaman aro ===
A cikin shekarar 2008 kungiyar [[FC Barcelona]] ta sayi Henrique kan kuɗi mai yawa saboda ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan masu tsaron baya mafi hazaka daga Brazil. Duk da haka bai samu damar buga wasa sosai a Barcelona ba saboda yawan manyan ‘yan baya a kungiyar. Saboda haka an tura shi aro zuwa Bayer Leverkusen ta Jamus da kuma Racing Santander ta Spain domin samun ƙarin lokaci a fili.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_(footballer,_born_October_1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_%28footballer,_born_October_1986%29)&lt;/ref&gt;

A Bayer Leverkusen, Henrique ya buga wasanni masu yawa a Bundesliga inda ya nuna iya kare baya da kuma kwantar da hankali yayin fuskantar matsin lamba. Bayan haka ya koma Racing Santander a matsayin aro, inda ya samu damar taka leda a gasar La Liga ta Spain. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen samun gogewa a manyan lig-lig na Turai.&lt;ref&gt;[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Komawa Palmeiras ===
Daga baya Henrique ya sake komawa Palmeiras, inda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen lashe Copa do Brasil ta shekarar 2012. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta fuskanci ƙalubale a wasu lokuta, Henrique ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan bayan kungiyar saboda jagoranci da kwarewarsa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_(footballer,_born_October_1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_%28footballer,_born_October_1986%29)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Napoli ===
A shekarar 2014 Henrique ya koma kungiyar [[SSC Napoli]] ta Italiya. A lokacin da yake Napoli ya taimaka wajen lashe Coppa Italia da kuma Supercoppa Italiana. Kodayake bai kasance babban tauraro a kungiyar ba, amma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa garkuwar baya ta kungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fluminense, Corinthians da sauran kungiyoyi ===
Bayan barinsa Napoli, Henrique ya ci gaba da taka leda a Brazil tare da kungiyar Fluminense sannan daga baya Corinthians. Ya kuma taka leda a ƙasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tare da Ittihad Kalba da kuma a Portugal tare da Belenenses SAD. Daga ƙarshe ya koma Coritiba kafin ya yi ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_(footballer,_born_October_1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_%28footballer,_born_October_1986%29)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin tawagar ƙasa ==
Henrique ya buga wa tawagar ƙasar Brazil wasa a tsakanin shekarar 2008 zuwa 2014. Ya kasance cikin jerin ‘yan wasan Brazil da suka halarci Gasar Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta shekarar 2014. Duk da cewa bai kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun taurarin tawagar ba, amma ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa tsaron baya a wasu wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Adriano_Buss)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An san Henrique da ƙarfin jiki, iya tsalle, da kuma iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na baya. Baya ga matsayin mai tsaron baya na tsakiya, yana iya taka rawa a matsayin mai tsaron baya na dama ko kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kare baya. Hakan ya sa masu horaswa suka yawaita amfani da shi saboda sauƙin dacewarsa da tsarin wasa daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_(footballer,_born_October_1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_%28footballer,_born_October_1986%29)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
=== Coritiba ===

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2007
* Campeonato Paranaense: 2022

=== Palmeiras ===

* Campeonato Paulista: 2008
* Copa do Brasil: 2012
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2013

=== Napoli ====
* Cop</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tolunay Kafkas</title>
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[[Fayil:Tolunay Kafkas (cropped).JPG|thumb]]
'''Hakkı Tolunay Kafkas''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Maris 1968 a Ankara) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya kuma ƙwararren mai horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kare baya kuma ya shahara sosai a lokacin da yake taka wa kungiyar Trabzonspor wasa. Bayan ritayarsa daga buga ƙwallo, ya shiga harkar horaswa inda ya jagoranci kungiyoyi da dama a Turkiyya tare da jagorantar tawagar matasa ta ƙasar Turkiyya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolunay_Kafkas|title=Tolunay Kafkas|website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Tolunay Kafkas a birnin Ankara na ƙasar Turkiyya. Ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami kuma ya fara taka leda a ƙananan kungiyoyi kafin ya zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa. Asalinsa daga mutanen Circassian ne waɗanda suke zaune a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolunay_Kafkas|title=Tolunay Kafkas|website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa ==
Kafkas ya fara sana’arsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa a kungiyar Türk Telekom a shekarar 1987. Daga baya ya buga wa kungiyoyi irin su Keçiörengücü, Diyarbakırspor, Erzurumspor da Konyaspor wasa. Ya yi suna sosai lokacin da ya koma Trabzonspor a shekarar 1993 inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan kungiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.haberler.com/tolunay-kafkas/biyografisi/|title=Tolunay Kafkas Kimdir?|website=Haberler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin da yake Trabzonspor, ya taimaka wa kungiyar wajen lashe kofin Türkiye Kupası da kuma Türkiye Süper Kupası. Salon wasansa na kare baya da kuma iya sarrafa tsakiyar fili ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Turkiyya a shekarun 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/spor/tolunay-kafkasin-kariyeri-463628|title=Tolunay Kafkas'ın kariyeri|website=Yeni Şafak}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1997 ya koma Galatasaray inda ya lashe gasar Süper Lig sau biyu da kuma kofin Türkiye Kupası. Bayan wannan ya ci gaba da taka leda a kungiyoyin Bursaspor da Denizlispor kafin ya koma Austria domin ci gaba da taka leda a kungiyoyin ASKÖ Pasching, LASK Linz da Admira Wacker.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolunay_Kafkas|title=Tolunay Kafkas|website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2005 bayan ya shafe shekaru masu yawa yana taka leda a Turkiyya da Austria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hatirlatalimdedik.com/tolunay-kafkas|title=Tolunay KAFKAS|website=Hatırlatalım Dedik}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ƙasa ==
Tolunay Kafkas ya fara buga wa tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya wasa a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1994 a wasan sada zumunci da Italiya. Ya buga wasanni 33 ga ƙasar Turkiyya kuma ya ci ƙwallaye uku a tsawon aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolunay_Kafkas|title=Tolunay Kafkas|website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance cikin ‘yan wasan da suka wakilci Turkiyya a gasar UEFA Euro 1996, wanda ya taimaka wajen ƙara masa kima a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolunay_Kafkas|title=Tolunay Kafkas|website=German Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin horaswa ==
Bayan ritayarsa daga buga ƙwallo, Kafkas ya fara aikin horaswa a kungiyar Kayserispor a shekarar 2007. A kakarsa ta farko ya jagoranci kungiyar zuwa lashe kofin Türkiye Kupası ta shekarar 2007–08 sannan ya kai kungiyar zuwa gasar UEFA Cup bayan sun kare a matsayi na biyar a gasar lig.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.haberler.com/tolunay-kafkas/biyografisi/|title=Tolunay Kafkas Kimdir?|website=Haberler}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya ya horar da Gaziantepspor inda ya jagoranci kungiyar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar Süper Lig ta shekarar 2010–11. Wannan nasara ta sa an fara kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masu horarwa na Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brt.com.tr/biyografiler/tolunay-kafkas-3200|title=TOLUNAY KAFKAS Biyografisi|website=BRT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2011 an naɗa shi a matsayin mai kula da tawagar ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 21 ta Turkiyya tare da aikin bunkasa matasan ‘yan wasa a hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya (TFF).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahaber.com.tr/spor/2017/08/16/tffden-tolunay-kafkasa-gorev|title=TFF'den Tolunay Kafkas'a görev|website=A Haber}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2013 ya zama kocin Trabzonspor, kungiyar da ya yi fice a cikinta a matsayin ɗan wasa. UEFA ta bayyana dawowarsa a matsayin wani babban mataki a rayuwarsa ta horaswa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0205-0f8859891ba8-b99c0d4683ed-1000--kafkas-returns-to-take-charge-of-trabzonspor/|title=Kafkas returns to take charge of Trabzonspor|website=UEFA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya ya horar da Kardemir Karabükspor inda ya kai kungiyar zuwa gasar Turai لأول مرة a tarihinta. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a Kayserispor, Akhisarspor, Ankaragücü da Fatih Karagümrük.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brt.com.tr/biyografiler/tolunay-kafkas-3200|title=TOLUNAY KAFKAS Biyografisi|website=BRT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== A matsayin ɗan wasa ===
;Galatasaray
* Süper Lig: 1997–98, 1998–99
* Türkiye Kupası: 1998–99

;Trabzonspor
* Türkiye Kupası: 1994–95
* Türkiye Süper Kupası: 1995

=== A matsayin mai horarwa ===
;Kayserispor
* Türkiye Kupası: 2007–08

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Trabzonspor]]
* [[Galatasaray S.K.]]
* [[Tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya]]

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kafkas, Tolunay}}
[[Category:Haihuwar 1968]]
[[Category:Mutanen Ankara]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya]]
[[Category:Masu horar da ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan Galatasaray]]
[[Category:'Yan wasan Trabzonspor]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Heartland F.C.</title>
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{{Infobox football club
| clubname      = Heartland F.C.
| fullname      = Heartland Football Club
| nickname      = ''Naze Millionaires'', ''Soccer Scientists'', ''The Hearts''
| founded       = 1976
| ground         = [[Dan Anyiam Stadium]]
| capacity      = 10,000
| chairman       = Emmanuel Amunike
| manager        = Emmanuel Amunike
| league         = Nigeria National League
| position       = Nigeria Premier Football League, 19th (2023–24)
| website        = https://www.heartlandfc.com.ng/
| pattern_la1    = _whiteborder
| pattern_b1     = _heartlandfc2425h
}}

'''Heartland F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a birnin [[Owerri]] na jihar Imo. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1976 da sunan ''Spartans F.C.'' kafin daga baya aka sauya mata suna zuwa ''Iwuanyanwu Nationale'' a shekarar 1985. A shekarar 2006 ne aka sake canja sunanta zuwa Heartland F.C. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin shahararrun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya kuma tana amfani da [[Dan Anyiam Stadium]] a matsayin filin wasanninta na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_F.C. |title=Heartland F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa ƙungiyar ne daga gwamnatin tsohuwar jihar Imo, inda aka fara saninta da Spartans FC. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1985, ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa Emmanuel Iwuanyanwu ya mallaki ƙungiyar sannan aka sauya mata suna zuwa ''Iwuanyanwu Nationale''. Wannan lokaci ne da ƙungiyar ta fara samun manyan nasarori a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://heartland.sitesng.com/en_History.html |title=Heartland Football Club History |website=Heartland FC |access-date=2026-05-15 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakanin shekarun 1987 zuwa 1990, Heartland ta lashe kofin gasar firimiyar Najeriya sau huɗu a jere, abin da ya sanya ta cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya a tarihi. Haka kuma ta sake lashe gasar a shekarar 1993, wanda ya kawo jimillar kofunan lig guda biyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_F.C. |title=Heartland F.C. Honours |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta yi fice sosai a gasannin nahiyar Afirka, inda ta kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar ''African Cup of Champions Clubs'' a shekarar 1988. Har ila yau, ta sake kaiwa wasan ƙarshe na [[CAF Champions League]] a shekarar 2009, lamarin da ya ƙara tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://tnffsports.ng/joomsport_team/heartland-f-c/ |title=Heartland F.C. |website=TNFF Sports |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heartland F.C. na da manyan abokan hamayya a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, musamman ƙungiyoyin [[Enyimba F.C.]] da [[Rangers International F.C.]] Wasanninsu kan kasance masu ɗaukar hankalin masoya ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya saboda tarihin ƙungiyoyin uku a gasar lig ta ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_F.C. |title=Heartland F.C. Rivalries |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar, wato [[Dan Anyiam Stadium]], yana cikin birnin Owerri kuma yana ɗaukar kusan mutane 10,000. An sanya wa filin sunan Daniel Anyiam, wanda ya kasance tsohon ɗan wasan Najeriya kuma tsohon kocin tawagar ƙasa. Filin yana daga cikin manyan wuraren wasanni a jihar Imo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Anyiam_Stadium |title=Dan Anyiam Stadium |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2016, Heartland ta fuskanci ƙalubale bayan da aka fitar da ita daga babban rukunin gasar Najeriya a karon farko a tarihinta. Kafin wannan lokaci, ƙungiyar na daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ba su taɓa sauka daga babbar gasar Najeriya ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_F.C. |title=Heartland F.C. Relegation History |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin kofunan da ƙungiyar ta taɓa lashewa akwai gasar firimiyar Najeriya sau biyar, kofin FA na Najeriya sau uku, da kuma Nigerian Super Cup sau biyu. Har ila yau ta lashe Nigeria National League a shekarar 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_F.C. |title=Heartland F.C. Honours |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
* An kafa ƙungiyar da sunan ''Spartans F.C.'' a 1976.
* An canja suna zuwa ''Iwuanyanwu Nationale'' a 1985.
* An sake sauya suna zuwa ''Heartland F.C.'' a 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://heartland.sitesng.com/en_History.html |title=Heartland FC History |website=Heartland FC |access-date=2026-05-15 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Nasarori ==
=== Gasar cikin gida ===
* '''Nigeria Premier League'''
** Zakara (5): 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993
* '''Nigerian FA Cup'''
** Zakara (3): 1988, 2011, 2012
* '''Nigeria National League'''
** Zakara (1): 2023
* '''Nigerian Super Cup'''
** Zakara (2): 2011, 2012&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartland_F.C. |title=Heartland F.C. Honours |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
Heartland F.C. na buga wasanninta na gida a [[Dan Anyiam Stadium]] da ke Owerri, jihar Imo. Filin wasan yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun filayen wasa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Anyiam_Stadium |title=Dan Anyiam Stadium |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Enyimba F.C.]]
* [[Rangers International F.C.]]
* [[Nigeria Premier Football League]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250503130020/https://www.heartlandfc.com.ng/ Official website]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Inter Lagos FC</title>
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'''Inter Lagos FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Najeriya]] wacce ke da hedikwata a birnin [[Lagos]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2023 domin bunkasa ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin jihar Lagos tare da bai wa matasan ‘yan wasa damar bunƙasa ƙwarewarsu zuwa matakin ƙwararru. Ƙungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin [[Mobolaji Johnson Arena]] wanda aka fi sani da Onikan Stadium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/firm-unveils-new-football-club-inter-lagos-fc/inter-lagos-fc/ |title=Firm Unveils New Football Club, Inter Lagos FC |publisher=Leadership Newspaper |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An ƙaddamar da Inter Lagos FC ne a hukumance a shekarar 2023 ta hannun Lanre Vigo tare da wasu abokan hulɗarsa ciki har da Olumide Fayankin da Gatumi Aliyu. Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce samar da sabon salo na gudanar da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya wanda zai haɗa da bunƙasa matasa, kyakkyawan tsarin gudanarwa da kuma jawo hankalin masoya ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa filayen wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/02/01/inter-lagos-fc-formally-launched-with-vision-to-become-beacon-of-hope-for-footballers/ |title=Inter Lagos FC Formally Launched with Vision to Become Beacon of Hope for Footballers |publisher=ThisDay |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A farkon kakarta ta farko a gasar [[Nigeria National League]] (NNL), ƙungiyar ta nuna bajinta inda ta samu nasarori masu yawa a rukuninta. Inter Lagos ta fara fafatawa a gasar NNL a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2023, kuma ta samu nasarar farko a gida ne a watan Janairu 2024 bayan ta doke Gateway United da ci 1–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_Lagos_F.C. |title=Inter Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2024 ƙungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar '''Nigeria Federation Cup''' bayan taka rawar gani a gasar kofin jihar Lagos. Inter Lagos ta yi fice sosai a gasar inda ta kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe bayan ta doke kungiyoyi irin su Hammola FC da Ikorodu City FC ta hanyar bugun fanareti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_Lagos_F.C. |title=Inter Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Maris na shekarar 2025, Inter Lagos ta sanar da haɗin gwiwa da bankin Lotus Bank wanda ya zama babban mai ɗaukar nauyin rigar ƙungiyar. A wannan shekarar ne kuma aka nada Shakiru Biodun Giwa a matsayin sabon kocin ƙungiyar bayan sallamar Gabriel Ezema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_Lagos_F.C. |title=Inter Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inter Lagos ta lashe kofin '''Lagos State FA Cup''' na shekarar 2025 bayan doke Ikorodu City ta hanyar bugun fanareti da ci 5–4 bayan an tashi babu ci a lokacin wasa. Wannan nasara ta ba ƙungiyar damar sake wakiltar jihar Lagos a gasar Federation Cup ta ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportmage.com/football/inter-lagos/ |title=Inter Lagos Football Club - Profile, History &amp; Stats 2025 |publisher=Sportmage |access-date=2026-05-15}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2026, Inter Lagos ta samu nasarar hawa zuwa gasar [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] (NPFL) bayan kammala kakar NNL cikin nasara. Ƙungiyar ta tabbatar da samun gurbin hawa ne bayan kunnen doki 1–1 da Smart City FC, lamarin da ya tabbatar da kasancewarta ta ɗaya a rukuninta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2026/04/07/inter-lagos-seal-npfl-promotion-after-smart-city-draw/ |title=Inter Lagos Seal NPFL Promotion After Smart City Draw |publisher=Naija News |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Filin wasa ==
Inter Lagos FC tana amfani da [[Mobolaji Johnson Arena]] da ke Lagos a matsayin filin wasanta na gida. Filin wasan yana daga cikin tsofaffin filayen wasa a Najeriya kuma yana iya ɗaukar kusan mutane 10,000. Ƙungiyar ta yi ƙoƙarin mayar da wasannin gida zuwa abubuwan nishaɗi na iyalai domin jawo hankalin magoya baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportmage.com/football/inter-lagos/ |title=Inter Lagos Football Club - Profile, History &amp;Stats 2025 |publisher=Sportmage |access-date=2026-05-15}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manufofi da ci gaba ==
Inter Lagos FC ta bayyana cewa tana da manufar zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya ta hanyar zuba jari wajen haɓaka matasa da kyautata walwalar ‘yan wasa. Shugabannin ƙungiyar sun bayyana cewa suna son gina kulob ɗin da zai kasance abin alfahari ga matasan Lagos da Najeriya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/excitement-as-inter-lagos-football-club-is-formally-launched/ |title=Excitement As Inter Lagos Football Club Is Formally Launched |publisher=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |access-date=2026-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Nigeria National League]]
* [[Nigeria Premier Football League]]
* [[Lagos]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Lagos]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Nigeria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium</title>
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[[Fayil:Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium.jpg|thumb]]
'''Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium''' wani babban filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne da ke Omagwa a jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Filin wasan yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa mafi zamani a Najeriya, kuma yana ɗaukar kusan mutane 40,000. An sanya masa suna ne domin girmama tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya, '''Adokiye Amiesimaka''', wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;“Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium.” ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 2026-05-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

An fara gina filin wasan ne a shekarar 2013 a lokacin gwamnatin Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi domin bunƙasa harkokin wasanni da samar da ingantaccen wajen gudanar da manyan wasanni a jihar Rivers. An buɗe filin wasan a hukumance a shekarar 2015, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan more rayuwa da gwamnatin jihar ta aiwatar a lokacin. &lt;ref&gt;Rivers State Government Sports Development Reports, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan yana da kayan more rayuwa na zamani ciki har da kujeru masu yawa, manyan allunan lantarki, ɗakunan ‘yan wasa, da tsarin hasken zamani da ke bai wa filin damar ɗaukar wasannin dare. Har ila yau, an tsara shi domin karɓar wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa da sauran manyan bukukuwa na wasanni. &lt;ref&gt;Confederation of African Football (CAF) Stadium Infrastructure Review, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2018, filin wasan ya karɓi wasu daga cikin wasannin gasar '''African Women Cup of Nations''' da aka gudanar a Najeriya. Wannan ya ƙara wa filin suna a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa saboda ingancin kayan aikinsa da tsarinsa. &lt;ref&gt;CAF Official Tournament Guide, Women Africa Cup of Nations Nigeria 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, ana amfani da Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium wajen shirya tarukan gwamnati, bukukuwa, da sauran manyan al’amuran jama'a a jihar Rivers. Wannan ya sa filin ya zama muhimmin cibiyar nishaɗi da tarukan jama'a a yankin kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;“Major Events at Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium.” ''The Guardian Nigeria'', 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An gina filin wasan ne domin maye gurbin tsoffin wuraren wasanni da kuma ƙara bunƙasa harkokin wasanni a jihar Rivers. Tsarin gine-ginen filin ya yi kama da na wasu manyan filayen wasa na duniya, tare da mayar da hankali kan tsaro da jin daɗin masu kallo. &lt;ref&gt;Sports Infrastructure Development in Nigeria, Journal of African Sports Studies, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amfani ==
* Wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa
* Gasar ƙasa da ƙasa
* Tarukan gwamnati
* Bukukuwa da kide-kide

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Godswill Akpabio International Stadium]]
* [[Moshood Abiola National Stadium]]
* [[Football in Nigeria]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Football venues in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2015]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Rivers State]]
[[Category:Sport in Rivers State]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A</title>
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Cututtukan da suka shafi ''SCN2A'' rukuni ne na cututtukan neurodevelopmental da ba a saba gani ba wanda ya haifar da bambance-bambance na cututfofi a cikin kwayar halitta ta SCN2 A, wanda ke ƙunshe da wani sashi na tashar sodium mai ƙarfin lantarki NaV1.2 . Canje-canje a cikin kwayar halitta ta SCN2A na iya haifar da rikice-rikice masu yawa da ake kira SCN2B. Wadannan sun hada da lokuta na autism, epilepsy mai iyakance kai, ci gaban jarirai da epileptic encephalopathy, daga baya farawar ci gaba da epileptics encephalupathy, spasms na jarirai, '''Cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A''' ba Rare da epilepsy ba, episodic ataxia, da ci gaba da rikice-rikice.rikicewar motsi.

== Muhimmancin asibiti ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Canje-canje a cikin Kwayar halitta ta SCN2A na iya haifar da rikice-rikice masu yawa da ake kira SCN2B. Wadannan sun hada da lokuta na autism, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Stephan J. |last2=Murtha |first2=Michael T. |last3=Gupta |first3=Abha R. |last4=Murdoch |first4=John D. |last5=Raubeson |first5=Melanie J. |last6=Willsey |first6=A. Jeremy |last7=Ercan-Sencicek |first7=A. Gulhan |last8=DiLullo |first8=Nicholas M. |last9=Parikshak |first9=Neelroop N. |last10=Stein |first10=Jason L. |last11=Walker |first11=Michael F. |last12=Ober |first12=Gordon T. |last13=Teran |first13=Nicole A. |last14=Song |first14=Youeun |last15=El-Fishawy |first15=Paul |date=May 2012 |title=De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=485 |issue=7397 |pages=237–241 |bibcode=2012Natur.485..237S |doi=10.1038/nature10945 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=3667984 |pmid=22495306}}&lt;/ref&gt; mai iyakance farfajiya, farkon ci gaban jarirai da epileptic encephalopathy, daga baya farawar ci gaba da farfajiya encephalóathy, spasms na jarirai, cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A ba tare da farfaɗiya ba, episodic ataxia, da ƙarin rikicewar motsi.  Za'a iya rarrabe manyan rukuni biyu na maye gurbin SCN2A bisa ga sakamakon aikinsu da kuma martani ga maganin kamuwa: samun maye gurbin aiki, yawanci yana da alaƙa da farawar kamuwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na rayuwa, da kuma asarar maye gurbin aikin, wanda kamuwa ke farawa bayan watanni uku na asali ko kuma ba zai taɓa faruwa ba. Tsohon rukuni yana amfana daga magani tare da masu toshe tashar sodium, yayin da a cikin ƙarshen, irin wannan magani sau da yawa ba shi da tasiri ko ma yana iya kara fashewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;academic.oup.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wolff |first=Markus |last2=Johannesen |first2=Katrine M. |last3=Hedrich |first3=Ulrike B. S. |last4=Masnada |first4=Silvia |last5=Rubboli |first5=Guido |last6=Gardella |first6=Elena |last7=Lesca |first7=Gaetan |last8=Ville |first8=Dorothée |last9=Milh |first9=Mathieu |last10=Villard |first10=Laurent |last11=Afenjar |first11=Alexandra |last12=Chantot-Bastaraud |first12=Sandra |last13=Mignot |first13=Cyril |last14=Lardennois |first14=Caroline |last15=Nava |first15=Caroline |date=2017-05-01 |title=Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity suggest therapeutic implications in SCN2A-related disorders |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/140/5/1316/3098477 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=140 |issue=5 |pages=1316–1336 |doi=10.1093/brain/awx054 |issn=0006-8950 |pmid=28379373 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman, SCN2A an san shi ne mafi mahimmancin haɗarin kwayar halitta don cututtukan autism-spectrum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Hakanan an gano maye gurbin kwayar halitta na SCN2A a cikin hipometabolism na glucose na lokaci, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sundaram |first=Senthil K. |last2=Chugani |first2=Harry T. |last3=Tiwari |first3=Vijay N. |last4=Huq |first4=A. H. M. M. |date=2013-07-01 |title=SCN2A Mutation Is Associated With Infantile Spasms and Bitemporal Glucose Hypometabolism |url=https://www.pedneur.com/article/S0887-8994(13)00186-0/abstract |journal=Pediatric Neurology |language=English |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=46–49 |doi=10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.002 |issn=0887-8994 |pmc=3868437 |pmid=23827426}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma rikicewar bipolar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stahl |first=Eli A. |last2=Breen |first2=Gerome |last3=Forstner |first3=Andreas J. |last4=McQuillin |first4=Andrew |last5=Ripke |first5=Stephan |last6=Trubetskoy |first6=Vassily |last7=Mattheisen |first7=Manuel |last8=Wang |first8=Yunpeng |last9=Coleman |first9=Jonathan R. I. |last10=Gaspar |first10=Héléna A. |last11=de Leeuw |first11=Christiaan A. |last12=Steinberg |first12=Stacy |last13=Pavlides |first13=Jennifer M. Whitehead |last14=Trzaskowski |first14=Maciej |last15=Byrne |first15=Enda M. |date=May 2019 |title=Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder |journal=Nature Genetics |language=en |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=793–803 |doi=10.1038/s41588-019-0397-8 |issn=1546-1718 |pmc=6956732 |pmid=31043756}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fabrairu 24 - Ranar Sanarwar SCN2A ta Duniya ==
'''Ranar Sanarwar SCN2 ta Duniya''' an san ta a duniya a matsayin 24 ga Fabrairu a kowace shekara. Manufar ita ce wayar da kan jama'a game da cututtukan da ke haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin Kwayar halitta ta SCN2A, gami da [[Farfaɗiya|farfajiya]], autism, nakasa ta hankali, da kuma iyakancewar farfajiya ta iyali (SelFIE). Manufofin bayar da shawarwari don Ranar Sanarwa ta SCN2A sun haɗa da inganta kulawa, bincike na kuɗi da ƙoƙarin tallafawa al'umma, da inganta gwajin kwayar halitta da ba da shawara.

== ICD-10-CM Code ==
Daga ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2025, lambar ICD-10-CM don rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da SCN2A shine QA0.0101.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICD-10 Code for SCN2A-related neurodevelopmental disorder- QA0.0101- Codify by AAPC |url=https://www.aapc.com/codes/icd-10-codes/QA0.0101 |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=www.aapc.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haɗin waje ==

=== SCN2A Ƙungiyoyin Taimako na Marasa Lafiya (PAOs / PAGs) ===

* [https://cure-scn2a.raiselysite.com/ Magani SCN2A (Australia)]
* [https://www.scn2a.org/ Gidauniyar FamilieSCN2A (Amurka / Duniya)]
* [https://scn2aaustralia.org/ SCN2A Ostiraliya]
* [https://scn2a.org.br/ SCN2A Brazil]
* [https://www.facebook.com/SCN2AGeorgia SCN2A Georgia]
* [https://www.scn2a.eu/ SCN2A Turai]
* [https://www.scn2afoundation.org/ Gidauniyar SCN2A (Amurka)]
* [https://scn2a.de/ SCN2A Jamus e. V.]
* [https://scn2a-italia.it/ SCN2A Italiya]
* [https://www.facebook.com/scn2auk SCN2A Burtaniya]
* [https://scn2a-ukraine.com.ua/ SCN2A Ukraine]

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

=== Labaran Bincike ===

* SCN2A-Related Disorders - Abubuwa a cikin Kwayoyin Kwayar cuta a cikin Haɗuwa 

=== Genotype / Phenotype ===

* Yaduwar fasalin asibiti yana da alaƙa da aiki daban-daban a cikin cututtukan da suka shafi ''SCN2A'' &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=Anne T |last2=Thompson |first2=Christopher H |last3=Myers |first3=Leah Schust |last4=Anderson |first4=Erica |last5=Evans |first5=Lindsey |last6=Kaiser |first6=Ariela J E |last7=Paltell |first7=Katherine |last8=Nili |first8=Amanda N |last9=DeKeyser |first9=Jean-Marc L |last10=Abramova |first10=Tatiana V |last11=Nesbitt |first11=Gerry |last12=Egan |first12=Shawn M |last13=Vanoye |first13=Carlos G |last14=George |first14=Alfred L |date=2024-08-01 |title=Expanded clinical phenotype spectrum correlates with variant function in SCN2A -related disorders |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/147/8/2761/7656659 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=147 |issue=8 |pages=2761–2774 |doi=10.1093/brain/awae125 |issn=0006-8950 |pmc=11292900 |pmid=38651838}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Binciken raunin sadarwa a cikin rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyi mai ban mamaki: Nazarin Shirye-shiryen Gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na SCN2A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=Anne T. |last2=Nili |first2=Amanda N. |last3=Evans |first3=Lindsey |last4=Paltell |first4=Katherine C. |last5=Kaiser |first5=Ariela J.E. |last6=Anderson |first6=Erica L. |last7=Egan |first7=Shawn M. |last8=Kaat |first8=Aaron J. |last9=Nesbitt |first9=Gerry |last10=Myers |first10=Leah S. |date=February 2025 |title=Assessing Communication Impairments in a Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorder |journal=Neurology Clinical Practice |volume=15 |issue=1 |doi=10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200391 |pmc=11492899 |pmid=39439575}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bayyanawa SCN2A Bambance-bambance: Bridging Genetics da Phenotypes a cikin Autism Spectrum Disorder &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=DiStefano |first=Nicholas |last2=Cooper |first2=Jaimee N. |last3=Elisha |first3=David H. |last4=Zalta |first4=Max |last5=Mittal |first5=Jeenu |last6=Cohen |first6=David |last7=Monterrubio |first7=Andrea |last8=Hossain |first8=Ryan |last9=Sangadi |first9=Akhila |last10=Mittal |first10=Rahul |last11=Eshraghi |first11=Adrien A. |date=2025-05-28 |title=Decoding SCN2A Variants: Bridging Genetics and Phenotypes in Autism Spectrum Disorder |journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine |language=en |volume=14 |issue=11 |page=3790 |doi=10.3390/jcm14113790 |issn=2077-0383 |pmc=12156426 |pmid=40507552 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Yaduwar fasalin asibiti yana da alaƙa da aiki daban-daban a cikin cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;
* Tasirin bambancin kwayoyin halitta a duk faɗin sodium channelopathies suna hango aikin da jagorantar maganin daidaito &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Brunklaus |first=Andreas |last2=Feng |first2=Tony |last3=Brünger |first3=Tobias |last4=Perez-Palma |first4=Eduardo |last5=Heyne |first5=Henrike |last6=Matthews |first6=Emma |last7=Semsarian |first7=Christopher |last8=Symonds |first8=Joseph D |last9=Zuberi |first9=Sameer M |last10=Lal |first10=Dennis |last11=Schorge |first11=Stephanie |date=2022-12-19 |title=Gene variant effects across sodium channelopathies predict function and guide precision therapy |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/145/12/4275/6509259 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=145 |issue=12 |pages=4275–4286 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac006 |issn=0006-8950 |pmc=9897196 |pmid=35037686}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Binciken kwamfuta na 10,860 phenotypic annotations a cikin mutane da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan SCN2A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Crawford |first=Katherine |last2=Xian |first2=Julie |last3=Helbig |first3=Katherine L. |last4=Galer |first4=Peter D. |last5=Parthasarathy |first5=Shridhar |last6=Lewis-Smith |first6=David |last7=Kaufman |first7=Michael C. |last8=Fitch |first8=Eryn |last9=Ganesan |first9=Shiva |last10=O'Brien |first10=Margaret |last11=Codoni |first11=Veronica |last12=Ellis |first12=Colin A. |last13=Conway |first13=Laura J. |last14=Taylor |first14=Deanne |last15=Krause |first15=Roland |date=2021-07-01 |title=Computational analysis of 10,860 phenotypic annotations in individuals with SCN2A-related disorders |url=https://www.gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)05028-0/fulltext |journal=Genetics in Medicine |language=English |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=1263–1272 |doi=10.1038/s41436-021-01120-1 |issn=1098-3600 |pmc=8257493 |pmid=33731876}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nazarin jerin abubuwan da suka faru na babban abu yana nuna sauye-sauye na ci gaba da aiki a cikin neurobiology na autism &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Satterstrom |first=F. Kyle |last2=Kosmicki |first2=Jack A. |last3=Wang |first3=Jiebiao |last4=Breen |first4=Michael S. |last5=Rubeis |first5=Silvia De |last6=An |first6=Joon-Yong |last7=Peng |first7=Minshi |last8=Collins |first8=Ryan |last9=Grove |first9=Jakob |last10=Klei |first10=Lambertus |last11=Stevens |first11=Christine |last12=Reichert |first12=Jennifer |last13=Mulhern |first13=Maureen S. |last14=Artomov |first14=Mykyta |last15=Gerges |first15=Sherif |date=2020-02-06 |title=Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism |journal=Cell |language=English |volume=180 |issue=3 |pages=568–584.e23 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.036 |issn=0092-8674 |pmc=7250485 |pmid=31981491}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Phenotypic spectrum da kwayoyin halitta na cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A, zaɓuɓɓukan magani, da kuma sakamakon a cikin farfajiya da bayan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wolff |first=Markus |last2=Brunklaus |first2=Andreas |last3=Zuberi |first3=Sameer M. |date=2019 |title=Phenotypic spectrum and genetics of SCN2A-related disorders, treatment options, and outcomes in epilepsy and beyond |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/epi.14935 |journal=Epilepsia |language=en |volume=60 |issue=S3 |pages=S59–S67 |doi=10.1111/epi.14935 |issn=1528-1167 |pmid=31904126}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* An samo shi a cikin fassarar: Autism genetics da neman Rosetta Stone &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goldstein |first=Jonathan |last2=Ross |first2=David A. |last3=Luca |first3=Daniel Moreno De |date=2019-04-01 |title=Found in Translation: Autism Genetics and the Quest for Its Rosetta Stone |url=https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(19)30076-9/abstract |journal=Biological Psychiatry |language=English |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=e29–e30 |doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.001 |issn=0006-3223 |pmc=6698908 |pmid=30871690}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ci gaba a fahimtar da kuma magance cututtukan da ke tattare da SCN2A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Stephan J. |last2=Campbell |first2=Arthur J. |last3=Cottrell |first3=Jeffrey R. |last4=Moller |first4=Rikke S. |last5=Wagner |first5=Florence F. |last6=Auldridge |first6=Angie L. |last7=Bernier |first7=Raphael A. |last8=Catterall |first8=William A. |last9=Chung |first9=Wendy K. |last10=Empfield |first10=James R. |last11=George |first11=Alfred L. |last12=Hipp |first12=Joerg F. |last13=Khwaja |first13=Omar |last14=Kiskinis |first14=Evangelos |last15=Lal |first15=Dennis |date=2018-07-01 |title=Progress in Understanding and Treating SCN2A-Mediated Disorders |journal=Trends in Neurosciences |language=English |volume=41 |issue=7 |pages=442–456 |doi=10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.011 |issn=0166-2236 |pmc=6015533 |pmid=29691040}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Halitta da bambancin halittar suna ba da shawarar tasirin warkewa a cikin cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A &lt;ref name=&quot;academic.oup.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wolff |first=Markus |last2=Johannesen |first2=Katrine M. |last3=Hedrich |first3=Ulrike B. S. |last4=Masnada |first4=Silvia |last5=Rubboli |first5=Guido |last6=Gardella |first6=Elena |last7=Lesca |first7=Gaetan |last8=Ville |first8=Dorothée |last9=Milh |first9=Mathieu |last10=Villard |first10=Laurent |last11=Afenjar |first11=Alexandra |last12=Chantot-Bastaraud |first12=Sandra |last13=Mignot |first13=Cyril |last14=Lardennois |first14=Caroline |last15=Nava |first15=Caroline |date=2017-05-01 |title=Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity suggest therapeutic implications in SCN2A-related disorders |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/140/5/1316/3098477 |journal=Brain |language=en |volume=140 |issue=5 |pages=1316–1336 |doi=10.1093/brain/awx054 |issn=0006-8950 |pmid=28379373 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SCN2A - sabuntawa ta 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dechene |first=Elizabeth |date=2016-03-21 |title=SCN2A – a 2016 update |url=https://epilepsygenetics.blog/2016/03/21/scn2a-a-2016-update/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Beyond the Ion Channel |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Labari na canza fasalin kwayoyin halitta: SCN2A a cikin kamuwa da cuta, autism da epileptic encephalopathy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Helbig |first=Ingo |date=2014-01-05 |title=Story of a genetic shape-shifter: SCN2A in benign seizures, autism and epileptic encephalopathy |url=https://epilepsygenetics.blog/2014/01/05/story-of-a-genetic-shape-shifter-scn2a-in-benign-seizures-autism-and-epileptic-encephalopathy/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Beyond the Ion Channel |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Magani (Na yanzu da Mai Fitowa) ===

* Cutar CRISPR don cututtukan ci gaban jijiyoyin da suka shafi ''SCN2A'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tamura |first=Serena |last2=Nelson |first2=Andrew D. |last3=Spratt |first3=Perry W. E. |last4=Hamada |first4=Elizabeth C. |last5=Zhou |first5=Xujia |last6=Kyoung |first6=Henry |last7=Li |first7=Zizheng |last8=Arnould |first8=Coline |last9=Barskyi |first9=Vladyslav |last10=Krupkin |first10=Beniamin |last11=Young |first11=Kiana |last12=Zhao |first12=Jingjing |last13=Holden |first13=Stephanie S. |last14=Sahagun |first14=Atehsa |last15=Keeshen |first15=Caroline M. |date=2025-09-17 |title=CRISPR activation for SCN2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09522-w |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=646 |issue=8086 |pages=983–991 |bibcode=2025Natur.646..983T |doi=10.1038/s41586-025-09522-w |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=40963013 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Magani na oligonucleotide na antisense a cikin jariri mara haihuwa tare da farkon farawa SCN2A ci gaba da epileptic encephalopathy &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wagner |first=Matias |last2=Berecki |first2=Géza |last3=Fazeli |first3=Walid |last4=Nussbaum |first4=Claudia |last5=Flemmer |first5=Andreas W. |last6=Frizzo |first6=Silvana |last7=Heer |first7=Farina |last8=Heinen |first8=Florian |last9=Horton |first9=Robert |last10=Jacotin |first10=Henry |last11=Motel |first11=William |last12=Spar |first12=Brian |last13=Klein |first13=Christoph |last14=Siegel |first14=Corinna |last15=Hübener |first15=Christoph |date=July 2025 |title=Antisense oligonucleotide treatment in a preterm infant with early-onset SCN2A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=31 |issue=7 |pages=2174–2178 |doi=10.1038/s41591-025-03656-0 |issn=1546-170X |pmc=12283366 |pmid=40263630}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shirye-shiryen Bincike, Binciken Sakamakon Asibiti, da Tsarin Gwajin Asibiti ===

* Halin Kungiyar Marasa Lafiya: tsara hanyar zuwa magani don cututtukan da suka shafi SCN2A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schust |first=Leah F. |last2=Burke |first2=Jennifer |last3=SanInocencio |first3=Christina |last4=Bryan |first4=Brad A. |last5=Ho |first5=Karen S. |last6=Egan |first6=Shawn M. |date=2024-05-01 |title=A patient organization perspective: charting the course to a cure for SCN2A-related disorders |journal=Therapeutic Advances in Rare Disease |language=EN |volume=5 |doi=10.1177/26330040241292645 |issn=2633-0040 |pmc=11555743 |pmid=39533986}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Samun yiwuwar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙayyadamuran ƙayyadamsun ƙayƙwalwa don ƙayyadakkishwar cututtuka masu ban sha'awa: binciken matukin jirgi na ƙayyadardun ƙayayyadaddwar ƙayƙwarar ƙayyadyadaddun SCN2A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sevinc |first=Gunes |last2=Knox |first2=Kari |last3=George |first3=Michelle |last4=Evans |first4=Lindsey |last5=Kaiser |first5=Ariela |last6=Paltell |first6=Katherine Charlotte |last7=Myers |first7=Leah Schust |last8=Ludwig |first8=Natasha N. |last9=Wojnaroski |first9=Mary |last10=Conecker |first10=Gabrielle |last11=Hecker |first11=JayEtta |last12=Downs |first12=Jenny |last13=Chapman |first13=Chere A. T. |last14=Berg |first14=Anne T. |date=2025-03-01 |title=The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes for Rare Diseases: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy |url=https://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/article/S1098-3015(24)06795-0/fulltext?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1098301524067950%3Fshowall%3Dtrue |journal=Value in Health |language=English |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=441–448 |doi=10.1016/j.jval.2024.12.004 |issn=1098-3015 |pmid=39733836 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Vineland-3 sikelin girma dabi'u: psychometric kaddarorin don shirye-shiryen gwaji na asibiti a cikin SCN2A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kaat |first=Aaron J. |last2=Evans |first2=Lindsey |last3=Nili |first3=Amanda N. |last4=Paltell |first4=Katherine |last5=Kaiser |first5=Arielle |last6=Anderson |first6=Erica |last7=Myers |first7=Leah Schust |last8=Berg |first8=Anne T. |date=September 2025 |title=Vineland-3 Growth Scale Values: Psychometric Properties for Clinical Trial Readiness in SCN2A |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cap.2024.0107 |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=416–423 |doi=10.1089/cap.2024.0107 |issn=1044-5463 |pmid=39887012 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Menene ya fi kyau a cikin mutanen da ke da mummunar rauni na ci gaban jijiyoyi? Binciken kwatanci mai inganci game da ci gaban da ke da alaƙa da SCN2A da kuma ciwon farfajiya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Downs |first=Jenny |last2=Ludwig |first2=Natasha N. |last3=Wojnaroski |first3=Mary |last4=Keeley |first4=Jessica |last5=Schust Myers |first5=Leah |last6=Chapman |first6=Chere A. T. |last7=Hecker |first7=JayEtta |last8=Conecker |first8=Gabrielle |last9=Berg |first9=Anne T. |date=2024-02-01 |title=What does better look like in individuals with severe neurodevelopmental impairments? A qualitative descriptive study on SCN2A-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy |journal=Quality of Life Research |language=en |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=519–528 |doi=10.1007/s11136-023-03543-6 |issn=1573-2649 |pmc=10850209 |pmid=38064015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Hanyoyin da za a iya auna fahimta a cikin mutane masu fama da mummunar rauni: Nazarin matukin jirgi a cikin rikicewar da ke da alaƙa da ''SCN2A'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ludwig |first=Natasha N. |last2=Wojnaroski |first2=Mary |last3=Suskauer |first3=Stacy J. |last4=Slomine |first4=Beth S. |last5=Kaiser |first5=Ariela |last6=Paltell |first6=Katherine |last7=Evans |first7=Lindsey |last8=Tucker |first8=Karis |last9=Chapman |first9=Chere A. T. |last10=Conecker |first10=Gabrielle |last11=Hecker |first11=JayEtta |last12=Myers |first12=Leah Schust |last13=Downs |first13=Jenny |last14=Berg |first14=Anne T. |date=2024-11-01 |title=Novel approaches to measuring cognition in individuals with severe to profound functional impairment: A pilot study in SCN2A-related disorder |url=https://www.epilepsybehavior.com/article/S1525-5050(24)00356-1/abstract |journal=Epilepsy &amp; Behavior |language=English |volume=160 |doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109975 |issn=1525-5050 |pmid=39305725}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Binciken mai kula da ingancin rayuwa a cikin mutane da ke fama da ci gaban kwayar halitta da ciwon farfajiya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Stacey R. |last2=Helbig |first2=Ingo |last3=Kaufman |first3=Michael C. |last4=Schust Myers |first4=Leah |last5=Conway |first5=Laura |last6=Helbig |first6=Katherine L. |date=2022 |title=Caregiver assessment of quality of life in individuals with genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies |journal=Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology |language=en |volume=64 |issue=8 |pages=957–964 |doi=10.1111/dmcn.15187 |issn=1469-8749 |pmc=10305579 |pmid=35229292}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SCN2A-Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: Kalubale ga shirye-shiryen gwaji don sakamakon da ba na fashewa ba &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=Anne T. |last2=Palac |first2=Hannah |last3=Wilkening |first3=Greta |last4=Zelko |first4=Frank |last5=Schust Meyer |first5=Leah |date=January 2021 |title=SCN2A -Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: Challenges to trial-readiness for non-seizure outcomes |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/epi.16750 |journal=Epilepsia |language=en |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=258–268 |doi=10.1111/epi.16750 |issn=0013-9580 |pmid=33236786 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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[[Fayil:University_and_Jepson_Herbaria_-_University_of_California,_Berkeley_-_DSC04681.JPG|thumb|Jami'ar da Jepson Herbaria a Jami'ar California, Berkeley]]
'''Jami'ar''' da '''Jepson herbaria''' sune herbaria guda biyu waɗanda ke da haɗin gwiwa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley da ke riƙe da samfuran tsire-tsire sama da 2,200,000, mafi girman irin wannan tarin a Yammacin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of the University and Jepson Herbaria |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/history/historyoftheherbaria/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=ucjeps.berkeley.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan gidajen tarihi na Tarihin halitta suna kan bene na Valley Life Sciences Building a babban harabar jami'ar a Berkeley, California. Akwai tarin kayan aiki irin su Marine Algal Collection, Fruit &amp; Cone Collection, Horticultural Herbarium da Spirit Collection.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=University and Jepson Herbaria: About the Collections |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/main/collections.html |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=ucjeps.berkeley.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Herbaria tana da nau'ikan samfurori da yawa, musamman na tsire-tsire na Yammacin Arewacin Amurka da Pacific Rim. Ana kiyaye holotypes daban don duka herbaria. Makarantar Herbarium ta Charterhouse tana cikin Jami'ar Herbarium. Herbaria tana da gidan budewa a kowace shekara a ranar Cal tare da ayyuka da yawa ga yara da manya, kuma Jepson Herbarium yana gudanar da jerin bita da shirye-shiryen jama'a da ke mai da hankali kan ilimin [[Botany|botanical]] da tsire-tsire na California a duk shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jepson Herbarium Workshops 2021 |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/workshops/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=ucjeps.berkeley.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jami'ar Herbarium ==
An kafa shi a shekarar 1890 tare da sabuwar Sashen Tsirrai, kuma cibiyar Herbarium ta Jami'ar ta fi mayar da hankali a duk duniya kuma ta haɗa da tsire-tsire masu jijiyoyin jini, bryophytes, algae, da fungi. Asalin wurin da aka shuka ciyawar Jami'ar yana cikin South Hall (UC Berkeley), kuma yanzu yana ɗauke da samfura sama da miliyan 2.2. Duk da cewa ba a naɗa shi a hukumance 'Darakta' ba, William Albert Setchell, wanda babban abin da ya fi burge shi shi ne algae na ruwa, ya kafa Jami'ar Herbarium a hukumance kuma shi ne shugaban Sashen Tsirrai. Herbert L. Mason ya gaje shi a shekarar 1933, Lincoln Constance a shekarar 1963 da Robert Ornduff a shekarar 1975. A shekarar 1982, Thomas Duncan a matsayin Darakta ya jagoranci manyan yunƙurin digitization. An ƙara wa waɗannan yunƙurin gwiwa tare da naɗa Brent Mishler (masanin ilimin tsirrai kuma Farfesa a Sashen Ilimin Halittu Mai Haɗaka) a matsayin Darakta a shekarar 1993. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mishler, an kafa cibiyar adana bayanai ta Consortium of California Herbaria a shekarar 2003 don zama hanyar samun bayanai daga samfuran tsire-tsire masu jijiyoyin jini na California waɗanda ke cikin herbaria a duk faɗin jihar.  A halin yanzu Herbaria tana da sama da samfuran dijital 1,000,000 tare da jimillar jimlar ga ƙungiyar samfuran sama da miliyan 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CCH Main Page |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/ |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=ucjeps.berkeley.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraktoci ==

* William Albert Setchell (ba bisa ka'ida ba; -1933) 
* Herbert L. Mason 1933-1966
* Lincoln Constance (1966-1975) 
* Robert Ornduff (1975-1982) 
* Thomas Duncan (1982-1993) 
* Brent Mishler (1993-2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brent Drennen Mishler (CV) |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/people/mishler_CV.pdf |access-date=12 August 2022 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809233613/https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/people/mishler_CV.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2022 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Lúcia Lohmann (2023-2024) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lúcia Lohmann {{!}} Research UC Berkeley |url=https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/lucia-lohmann |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=vcresearch.berkeley.edu |archive-date=2024-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613004607/https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/lucia-lohmann |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* J. Keith Gilless (2024-

== Gidan kayan gargajiya na Jepson ==
[[Fayil:Arnica_fulgens_JEPS109911_(4498229837).jpg|thumb|samfurin Jepson Herbarium na ''Arnica fulgens'', tsire-tsire na jijiyoyi daga California]]
Abin da aka mayar da hankali ga Jepson Herbarium shine tsire-tsire na California, gami da tsire-shire na California. An kafa shi ne don &quot;kiyayewa da kiyaye tsire-tsire na California. &quot; Baya ga samfurori na herbarium ma'aikatan bincike suna aiki a kan ayyukan tsire-shuke waɗanda suka haɗa da sabunta The Jepson Manual, da kuma albarkatun kan layi masu alaƙa don gano tsire-tire na California . An tsara jerin bita a kan batutuwan botanical da muhalli kuma suna gudana don karɓar masu sha'awar botanical daga masu farawa zuwa masu sana'a. Willis Linn Jepson ne ya kafa shi a cikin 1950, kuma an sanya masa suna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jepson About...&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Jepson Herbarium |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jeps/ |access-date=12 August 2022 |publisher=Jepson Herbarium}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jepson Herbarium yana tallafawa Jepson eFlora, bayanan lissafi wanda ke ginawa da faɗaɗa bugu na biyu na The Jepson Manual. Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin &quot;mafi girman iko a kan tsire-tsire na asali da na halitta na California&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;JeF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021 |editor-last=Jepson Flora Project |title=Jepson eFlora |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora |access-date=2021-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Willis Jepson
* Littafin Jepson

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Nyassachromis boadzulu</title>
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'''''Nyassachromis boadzulu''''' nau'in haplochromine cichlid ne. Yana da yawa a [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] inda yake faruwa a gefen Tsibirin Boadzulu da White Rock a yankin kudu maso gabashin tafkin.

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Sunshine (fim na 1999)</title>
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        <username>Abdulrahman tahir shika</username>
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      <comment>Nayi gyara</comment>
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Sunshine fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na 1999 wanda István Szabó ya jagoranta kuma [[Isra'ila]] Horovitz da Szabó ne suka rubuta shi. Ya biyo bayan ƙarni biyar na dangin Yahudawa na Hungary, wanda ake kira Sonnenschein (Jamusanci: &quot;&quot;), daga baya ya canza zuwa Sors (Hungarian: &quot;ƙaddamarwa&quot;), yayin canje-canje a Hungary, yana mai da hankali ga ƙarni uku daga ƙarshen karni na 19 zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Labarin iyali ya ratsa halittar Daular Austro-Hungary har zuwa lokacin bayan Juyin Juya Halin 1956, yayin da aka tilasta wa haruffa su mika yawancin asalin su kuma su jimre da rikice-rikicen iyali. Ralph Fiennes ne ya nuna babban namiji na dukkan tsararraki uku. Taurari na fim din sun hada da Rachel Weisz da John Neville, tare da 'yar rayuwa ta ainihi da ƙungiyar mahaifiyar Jennifer Ehle da Rosemary Harris suna wasa iri ɗaya a cikin labarin shekaru shida.

The film was an international co-production among companies from Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Canada. It won three European Film Awards, including Best Actor for Fiennes, and three Canadian Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture.

The mid-19th-century patriarch of the Hungarian-Jewish Sonnenschein (meaning &quot;Sunshine&quot; in German) family is a tavern owner who makes his own popular distilled herb-based tonic in Austria-Hungary. The tonic, called Taste of Sunshine, is later commercially made by his son, Emmanuel, bringing the family great wealth and prestige. He builds a large estate where his oldest son, Ignatz, falls in love with his first cousin, Valerie, despite the disapproval of Emmanuel and Rose, his wife. Ignatz, while studying in law school, begins an affair with Valerie. Ignatz graduates and later earns a place as a respected district judge, when he is asked by the chief judge to change his Jewish surname to a Hungarian one in order to be promoted to the central court. The entire generation &amp;#x2013; Ignatz, his physician brother Gustave and photographer cousin Valerie &amp;#x2013; change their last name to Sors (meaning &quot;fate&quot; in Hungarian). Ignatz then gets promoted when he tells the Minister of Justice a way to delay the prosecution of corrupt politicians.

Istvan and Adam both join the Jewish-run Civic Fencing Club. Adam becomes the best fencer in Hungary, and General Jakofalvy invites him to convert to Roman Catholicism in order to join the nation's top military, non-Jewish, fencing club. While Adam and Istvan are converting, Adam meets Hannah, who is converting at the request of her fiancé and woos her into marrying him. Adam wins the national fencing championship two years in a row and goes on to lead the national team to the 1936 Olympic gold medal in Team Sabre in Nazi Germany, becoming a national hero in Hungary. Istvan's wife, Greta, pursues Adam until they start a secret affair.

New Hungarian laws are passed discriminating against people with any near Jewish ancestors, and the Sors family is initially shielded by the exceptions in the laws. However, Adam is soon expelled from the military fencing club. Greta finally convinces the family that they must emigrate to save their children, but they are too late to get exit visas.

When [[Germany]] occupies Hungary, Valerie and Hannah are immediately moved into the Budapest Ghetto. Valerie escapes and hides in a friend's attic, but nobody knows how or where Hannah died. Adam and his son Ivan are sent to a labor camp, where Adam is beaten, stripped naked, and hosed with water until he freezes to death. Istvan, Greta, and their son are summarily shot by Nazis.

After the war, the surviving Sors family returns to the Sonnenschein estate. The elderly Gustave returns from exile and is invited into the communist government, Valerie manages the household, and Ivan becomes a state policeman, working for police Major General Knorr and rounding up fascists from the wartime regime. Ivan rises quickly in the communist ranks and begins an affair with Carole, the wife of a high-ranking communist official. Later, Army General Kope asks Ivan to start vigorously arresting Jews, including Knorr, who are suspected of inciting conspiracies against the current government. After Gustave dies, Kope informs Ivan that his uncle would have been next to be investigated.

When [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] dies in 1953, Ivan feels guilty for helping Kope and not saving Knorr. He leaves the police force and swears to fight the communist regime. In the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, he steps up as a leader but is imprisoned after it fails. Released at the end of the decade, he returns to live together with Valerie in a single room of the former family estate. She falls ill while they search for the tonic recipe. After she dies, he continues the search but accidentally disposes of the book while cleaning out the apartment.

While searching, he uncovers an old letter written by Emanuel to Ignatz telling him never to make being accepted by others his main goal in life. Inspired, Ivan goes to the legal office to change his name from Sors to Sonnenschein. He concludes his storytelling after the end of the communist regime in 1989. While walking down the street afterward, he feels free for the first time in his life.

== Cast ==
 
Psychologist Diana Diamond identified themes in the film as &quot;Trauma, familial and historical&quot;, and how it has lasting effects on the individual's psychology.{{Sfn|Diamond|2005}} The character Ivan's status as narrator reflects this theme, as he witnesses Adam's death in the concentration camp.{{Sfn|Diamond|2005}} In exploring the relationship between Ignatz, Valerie and their brother Gustave and alleged adultery, the film portrays &quot;Oedipal rivalries&quot; and incest.{{Sfn|Diamond|2005}}  Author Christian Schmitt adds ''Sunshine'' may also strive to add a message of hope to the tragedies of history.{{Sfn|Schmitt|2013}}

Professor Dragon Zoltan writes the film starts by contrasting the title ''Sunshine'' with clouds as a backdrop, to communicate a force standing in the way of the sunshine.{{Sfn|Zoltan|2009}} He argues the name of the family's brand, Taste of Sunshine, which is also the literal translation of the film's Hungarian title, suggests that the family's happiness stays with those who have tasted it, even after it is finished.{{Sfn|Zoltan|2009}} The name Sonnenschein is also said in the film to underline the family's Jewish background, while Sors (''fate'') maintains the first two letters while erasing the Jewish traces.{{Sfn|Zoltan|2009}} Ivan becomes a Sonnenschein again after reading a letter telling him how to live, representing the lost recipe of the family brand.{{Sfn|Zoltan|2009}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
[[Fayil:Petschauer_Attila.jpg|thumb|164x164px|Olympian Attila Petschauer was an inspiration to the film.]]
Although the story is a work of fiction, the film draws inspiration from historic events. The Sonnenschein family's liquor business was based on the Zwack family's liquor brand Unicum.{{Sfn|Portuges|2016}} One of Fiennes's three roles is based at least partly on Hungarian Olympian Attila Petschauer.{{Sfn|Soros|2001}} Another role in the film which is similar to that of a historic person is the character Andor Knorr, played by [[William Hurt]], which closely resembles the latter part of the life of László Rajk.{{Sfn|Reeves|2011}} Sonnenschein itself was a name in director István Szabó's family.

Hungarian-born Canadian producer Robert Lantos aspired to help make a film reflecting his family background of Hungarian Jews. ''Sunshine'' was his first project after leaving the position of CEO in Alliance Films.

Szabó shared his idea for the story with Lantos, a friend, in a restaurant, and Lantos was interested. Szabó submitted a screenplay of 400 pages in Hungarian, with Lantos persuading him to condense it and translate to [[Turanci|English]]. The budget was $26 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlaybackStaff&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Playback Staff |date=24 January 2000 |title=Sunshine rising in Europe |url=http://playbackonline.ca/2000/01/24/27871-20000124/ |access-date=20 March 2017 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Sonnenschein2.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Apartment building still bearing the film's markings of the fictional 1870 Sonnenschein mansion and distillery, at 15 Bokréta Street, in [[Budapest]]'s central Ferencváros district (2008).]]
Shooting took place mainly in [[Budapest]]. The Berlin Olympics scene was shot in Budapest and required 1,000 extras. The exterior of the Budapest estate of the Sonnenschein family, with a large mansion and distillery, was filmed at an apartment building at 15 Bokréta Street (Bokréta utca 15), in the city's central Ferencváros district. The filmmakers painted a sign near the top of the building's façade to identify it, for purposes of the story, as belonging to &quot;Emmanuel Sonnenschein &amp; tsa. Liquer&quot; (where tsa. translates to co., for Company).&lt;ref name=&quot;mansion&quot; /&gt; In July 2008, director Szabó and cinematographer Koltai were on hand as invited guests for the grand re-opening of the apartment complex, as the municipal and district governments chose to maintain the fictional company name on the façade and officially name it ''The Sonnenschein House'', after the governments spent 300 million forints renovating the building. Interior shots of the family mansion were filmed at a nearby building, on Liliom Street.&lt;ref name=&quot;Renovation&quot; /&gt;

Fiennes described Szabó as very specific in how scenes were staged and how performances were given. On some shooting days, Fiennes would play all three of his characters, particularly if a specific location was only available for a limited time.

== Release ==
The film premiered in the Toronto International Film Festival in September 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ebert&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=23 June 2000 |title=Sunshine |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/sunshine-2000 |access-date=20 March 2017 |website=Chicago Sun-Times |via=Rogerebert.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alliance Atlantis distributed the film in Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Fiona |date=17 December 1999 |title=Sunshine tells Hungarian tale |url=http://playbackonline.ca/1999/12/17/27565-19991217/ |access-date=20 March 2017 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It opened in [[Vancouver]], [[Toronto]] and [[Montréal|Montreal]] from 17 to 19 December 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;Playback&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Playback Staff |date=10 January 2000 |title=Sunshine tops $300K, Laura $1M |url=http://playbackonline.ca/2000/01/10/27782-20000110/ |access-date=20 March 2017 |website=[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Kisan kwari</title>
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'''Ectoparasiticicide''' magani ne na rigakafin cututtukan cututtukani da aka yi amfani da shi wajen magance cututtuken cututtukansun cututtukano.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11352483&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Taylor MA |date=May 2001 |title=Recent developments in ectoparasiticides |journal=Vet. J. |volume=161 |issue=3 |pages=253–68 |doi=10.1053/tvjl.2000.0549 |pmid=11352483}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna don kashe kwayar cutar da ke zaune a jikin mutum. Permethrin, sulfur, Lindane, dicophane, benzyl benzoate, ivermectin da crotamiton sanannun ectoparasiticides ne. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da ectoparasiticides don gurɓata ƙaho na rhinoceros tare da fatan hakan yana hana buƙatar waɗannan ƙaho a kasuwar baƙar fata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Henriques |first=Martha |date=2016-01-13 |title=Ectoparasiticides |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/ectoparasiticides/9338.article |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Chemistry World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bambance-bambance ==

=== Permethrin ===
Kyakkyawan nau'ikan da kuma maganin kashe kwari na pyrethroid mai ƙarfi kuma ya fi dacewa ga duka scabies da lice. Magungunan da aka zaɓa na farko. Permethrin yana nuna tasirin warkarwa ta hanyar rushe jigilar sodium a fadin membranes na neuronal a cikin arthropods, yana haifar da depolarization. Wannan hanyar ta ƙarshe tana haifar da gurgunta ta numfashi a cikin arthropod da ya shafa, kafa permethrin a matsayin wakili mai ƙarfi wajen sarrafa scabies da pediculosis.

Ƙarin bayani game da ƙimar gazawar magani tsakanin magungunan da aka yi amfani da su don magance ectoparasites:

[https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/news/scabies-treatment-failure-rates-increasing-among-children-and-adults/ https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/news/scabies-warke-karin-tsarin-ƙaruwa-tsarin yara-da-manyan/]

Labarin binciken da ke sama, wanda aka lura daga binciken yanzu, ya nuna cewa Permethrin yana da tasiri 89.2% kawai. Akwai lura da juriya wanda ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin labarin.

=== Crotamiton ===
Magungunan da aka zaɓa na biyu. Kyakkyawan scabicide, pediculicide da antipruritic. Adadin warkewa 60-88%. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Benzyl benzoate ===
Magungunan layi na 2 don scabies kuma ba a amfani dashi sosai don pediculosis. Adadin warkewa 76-100% [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

=== Lindane ===
Yana da tasiri wajen magance kwari (67-92% warkewa) da scabies (84-92% warkarwa) tare da magani guda ɗaya. Yana shiga ta hanyar murfin chitinous kuma yana shafar tsarin juyayi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Sulfur ===
Tsohon scabicide da rauni pediculicide, antiseptic, fungicide da keratolytic. An yi amfani da shi ga fata, ana rage shi a hankali zuwa H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; kuma an yi amfani da su zuwa SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; da pentathionic acid, wanda ke narkar da cuticle na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ya kashe shi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ivermectin ===
Magungunan antihelminthic sun sami tasiri sosai a cikin scabies da pediculosis. Yana aiki ta hanyar tashar Cl&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; ion mai ɗauke da glutamate wanda aka samo kawai a cikin invertebrates. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Dicophan ===
Insecticide ga sauro, kwari da sauran kwari. Yana shiga ta hanyar exoskeleton kuma yana aiki azaman neurotoxin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Sauran Aikace-aikacen ==

=== Halin da za a iya yi amfani da shi wajen hana shi ===
Ectoparasiticides sun ga amfani a matsayin sinadarai a Afirka ta Kudu tare da manufar rage darajar ƙahonin rhinoceros da yaki da farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba. Lorinda Hern, wanda ya kafa aikin ceto na Rhino, ya tsara wani shiri don shayar da ƙahonin rhino tare da ectoparasiticides kuma ya nuna alamar waje tare da launi mai launin ruwan kasa. Wannan sabon tsarin yana neman hana masu farauta ta hanyar haifar da damuwa game da kiwon lafiya tsakanin al'ummomin masu sayarwa. Hanyar ta haɗa da hakowa a cikin ƙaho na rhinoceros, yin allurar da shi da fili na ectoparasiticide, da kuma sanya shi da launi mai ruwan hoda. Ana ɗaukar hanyar hakowa da allura ba tare da lahani ga nau'in rhinoceros ba saboda ƙaho da aka ware daga tsarin juyayi da jini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poisoning rhino horns doesn't hurt the rhinos, but it may keep poachers away |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2015/03/18/help-insure-life-rhinos-parks-are-poisoning-their-horns |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=The World from PRX |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971072</id>
      <parentid>971070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:30:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971072</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4640" sha1="p89xmm12u41ldo89u8gz7bcmupdbjt7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Ectoparasiticicide''' magani ne na rigakafin cututtukan cututtukani da aka yi amfani da shi wajen magance cututtuken cututtukansun cututtukano.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11352483&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Taylor MA |date=May 2001 |title=Recent developments in ectoparasiticides |journal=Vet. J. |volume=161 |issue=3 |pages=253–68 |doi=10.1053/tvjl.2000.0549 |pmid=11352483}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna don kashe kwayar cutar da ke zaune a jikin mutum. Permethrin, sulfur, Lindane, dicophane, benzyl benzoate, ivermectin da crotamiton sanannun ectoparasiticides ne. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da ectoparasiticides don gurɓata ƙaho na rhinoceros tare da fatan hakan yana hana buƙatar waɗannan ƙaho a kasuwar baƙar fata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Henriques |first=Martha |date=2016-01-13 |title=Ectoparasiticides |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/ectoparasiticides/9338.article |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Chemistry World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bambance-bambance ==

=== Permethrin ===
Kyakkyawan nau'ikan da kuma maganin kashe kwari na pyrethroid mai ƙarfi kuma ya fi dacewa ga duka scabies da lice. Magungunan da aka zaɓa na farko. Permethrin yana nuna tasirin warkarwa ta hanyar rushe jigilar sodium a fadin membranes na neuronal a cikin arthropods, yana haifar da depolarization. Wannan hanyar ta ƙarshe tana haifar da gurgunta ta numfashi a cikin arthropod da ya shafa, kafa permethrin a matsayin wakili mai ƙarfi wajen sarrafa scabies da pediculosis.

Ƙarin bayani game da ƙimar gazawar magani tsakanin magungunan da aka yi amfani da su don magance ectoparasites:

[https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/news/scabies-treatment-failure-rates-increasing-among-children-and-adults/ https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/news/scabies-warke-karin-tsarin-ƙaruwa-tsarin yara-da-manyan/]

Labarin binciken da ke sama, wanda aka lura daga binciken yanzu, ya nuna cewa Permethrin yana da tasiri 89.2% kawai. Akwai lura da juriya wanda ke ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin labarin.

=== Crotamiton ===
Magungunan da aka zaɓa na biyu. Kyakkyawan scabicide, pediculicide da antipruritic. Adadin warkewa 60-88%. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

=== Benzyl benzoate ===
Magungunan layi na 2 don scabies kuma ba a amfani dashi sosai don pediculosis. Adadin warkewa 76-100% [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

=== Lindane ===
Yana da tasiri wajen magance kwari (67-92% warkewa) da scabies (84-92% warkarwa) tare da magani guda ɗaya. Yana shiga ta hanyar murfin chitinous kuma yana shafar tsarin juyayi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

=== Sulfur ===
Tsohon scabicide da rauni pediculicide, antiseptic, fungicide da keratolytic. An yi amfani da shi ga fata, ana rage shi a hankali zuwa H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; kuma an yi amfani da su zuwa SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; da pentathionic acid, wanda ke narkar da cuticle na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ya kashe shi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

=== Ivermectin ===
Magungunan antihelminthic sun sami tasiri sosai a cikin scabies da pediculosis. Yana aiki ta hanyar tashar Cl&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; ion mai ɗauke da glutamate wanda aka samo kawai a cikin invertebrates.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

=== Dicophan ===
Insecticide ga sauro, kwari da sauran kwari. Yana shiga ta hanyar exoskeleton kuma yana aiki azaman neurotoxin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}

== Sauran Aikace-aikacen ==

=== Halin da za a iya yi amfani da shi wajen hana shi ===
Ectoparasiticides sun ga amfani a matsayin sinadarai a Afirka ta Kudu tare da manufar rage darajar ƙahonin rhinoceros da yaki da farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba. Lorinda Hern, wanda ya kafa aikin ceto na Rhino, ya tsara wani shiri don shayar da ƙahonin rhino tare da ectoparasiticides kuma ya nuna alamar waje tare da launi mai launin ruwan kasa. Wannan sabon tsarin yana neman hana masu farauta ta hanyar haifar da damuwa game da kiwon lafiya tsakanin al'ummomin masu sayarwa. Hanyar ta haɗa da hakowa a cikin ƙaho na rhinoceros, yin allurar da shi da fili na ectoparasiticide, da kuma sanya shi da launi mai ruwan hoda. Ana ɗaukar hanyar hakowa da allura ba tare da lahani ga nau'in rhinoceros ba saboda ƙaho da aka ware daga tsarin juyayi da jini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poisoning rhino horns doesn't hurt the rhinos, but it may keep poachers away |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2015/03/18/help-insure-life-rhinos-parks-are-poisoning-their-horns |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=The World from PRX |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Jhpiego</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971037</id>
      <parentid>861701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:05:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
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      <origin>971037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5978" sha1="kk6a1ylay07s681ex5q69ykcmn5nfb4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Jhpiego''' kungiya ce mai zaman kanta don kiwon lafiya ta duniya da ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Johns Hopkins . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/about-us/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa kungiyar ne a shekara ta 1973  kuma da farko ana kiranta Shirin Johns Hopkins na Ilimi na Duniya a cikin Gynecology da Obstetrics, amma yanzu ana kiranta kawai da Jhpiego (mai suna &quot;ja-pie-go&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/about-us/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan shirye-shiryen yanzu ==
A farkon shekarunta, an san Jhpiego a matsayin gwani a lafiyar uwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/about-us/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayinda kungiyar ta girma kuma ta zama mafi yawan filin, wuraren shirye-shiryenta sun girma kuma sun fadada. Ya zuwa 2025, yankunan shirin farko na Jhpiego sune: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our Expertise |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/our-expertise/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Matar uwa, jariri, da lafiyar yara
* HIV / AIDS da tarin fuka
* Rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro da magani
* Ciwon daji na mata
* Lafiyar matasa da matasa
* Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya
* Kula da lafiya na farko
* Nursing da kuma haihuwa
* Aikin tiyata mai aminci
* Koyon karatu da aiki
* Sabbin abubuwa

== Aiki a nahiyoyi daban-daban ==
Jhpiego yana aiki a kasashe sama da 38 a duk faɗin Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Countries We Support |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/countries-we-support/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Afirka ===
A shekara ta  2023, Jhpiego yana aiki sosai a kasashe 30 na Afirka: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Countries We Support |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/countries-we-support/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Kasar
!Yankin Fasaha na Farko
|-
|Benin
|Rigakafin Malaria da Magani
|-
|Botswana
|HIV / AIDS &amp; TB
|-
|Burkina Faso
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, Tsaron Lafiya na Duniya, Rigakafin Zazzabin cizon sauro da Magunguna, Ciwon daji na Mata
|-
|Kamaru
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, Rigakafin Malaria &amp; Magani
|-
|Chadi
|HIV &amp; TB, Rigakafin Zazzabin cizon sauro &amp; Magani
|-
|Ivory Coast
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Rigakafin Malaria da Magani, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai da Yara, Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Ciwon daji na Mata
|-
|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, rigakafi, Rigakafin Malaria da Magani, Lafiyar Uwa, Jarirai da Yara
|-
|Eswatini
|HIV &amp; TB
|-
|Habasha
|Ƙarfafa Tsarin Lafiya, Tsaron Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, Rigakafi, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai &amp; Yara, Aiki Mai Tsaro
|-
|Ghana
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Rigakafin Malaria da Magani, Lafiyar Uwa, Jarirai &amp; Yara
|-
|Guinea
|HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, lafiyar uwa, jarirai &amp; jarirai
|-
|Kenya
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, sababbin abubuwa, Rigakafin Malaria da Magani, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai da Yara, Aiki Mai Tsaro
|-
|Lesotho
|HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Kula da Lafiya ta Farko
|-
|Laberiya
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, Tsaron Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Rigakafin Malaria da Magunguna, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai da Yara
|-
|Madagascar
|Matar, Jarirai da Lafiyar Yara
|-
|Malawi
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Matasa, Jarirai da Lafiya na Yara
|-
|Mali
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, Rigakafin Zazzabin cizon sauro da Magunguna, Lafiyar uwaye, jarirai da jarirai
|-
|Mozambique
|HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, sababbin abubuwa, Ciwon daji na Mata
|-
|Namibia
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB
|-
|Nijar
|Rigakafin Malaria da Magani, Lafiyar Uwa, Jarirai da Yara
|-
|Najeriya
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Lafiyar uwaye, jarirai &amp; jarirai
|-
|Rwanda
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB, Rigakafin Zazzabin cizon sauro da Magunguna, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai da Yara
|-
|Saliyo
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, Innovation, Rigakafin Malaria &amp; Magani, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai &amp; Yara, Ciwon daji na Mata
|-
|Afirka ta Kudu
|HIV &amp; TB
|-
|Sudan ta Kudu
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB
|-
|Tanzania
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Matasa, Jarirai da Lafiya na Yara
|-
|Togo
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, Rigakafi
|-
|Uganda
|HIV &amp; TB
|-
|Zambia
|HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro da magani, lafiyar uwa, jarirai &amp; yara, cutar kansa ta mata
|-
|Zimbabwe
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, Tsaron Lafiya na Duniya, HIV &amp; TB, Rigakafin Malaria da Magani
|}

=== Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya ===
Ya zuwa 2025, Jhpiego yana aiki sosai a kasashe 7 na Asiya: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Countries We Support |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/countries-we-support/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kasar
!Yankin Fasaha na Farko
|-
|Afghanistan
|Matar, Jarirai da Lafiyar Yara
|-
|Bangladesh
|Rigakafin rigakafi, Lafiyar Uwa, Jarirai &amp; Yara
|-
|Kambodiya
|Matar, Jarirai da Lafiyar Yara
|-
|Indiya
|Matasa da Lafiya ta Matasa, HIV &amp; TB, rigakafi, Sabuntawa, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai da Yara, Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Ciwon daji na Mata
|-
|Indonesia
|Rigakafi, Sabuntawa, Lafiyar Uwa, Jarirai da Yara, Kula da Lafiyar Farko
|-
|Pakistan
|Tsaro na Lafiya na Duniya, Rigakafi
|-
|Philippines
|Matasa &amp; Lafiya ta Matasa, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai &amp; Yara, Ciwon daji na Mata
|}

=== Amurka ===
Ya zuwa 2025, Jhpiego yana aiki sosai a kasashe 2 a Amurka: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Countries We Support |url=https://www.jhpiego.org/countries-we-support/ |access-date=10 February 2025 |website=jhpiego.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kasar
!Yankin Fasaha na Farko
|-
|Ecuador
|COVID-19 da cututtukan da ke tasowa, Tsaron Lafiya na Duniya
|-
|Guatemala
|Matasa &amp; Lafiya ta Matasa, Lafiya ta Uwa, Jarirai &amp; Yara, Ciwon daji na Mata
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Samuel R. Delany</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>159821</id>
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      <id>971226</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T05:08:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

'''Samuel R.''' &quot; '''Chip''' &quot; '''Delany''' / / dəˈleɪni / , də - də- -nee ; an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, a shekarar 1942) &lt;ref name=&quot;porter&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Porter |first=Lavelle |date=February 22, 2023 |title=Ode to Samuel Delany |url=https://daily.jstor.org/ode-to-samuel-delany/ |journal=JSTOR Daily |access-date=May 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; marubuci ne ɗan asalin Afirka kuma mai sukar adabi . Ayyukansa sun haɗa da almara (musamman almarar kimiyya), tarihin rayuwa, suka, da kasidu kan almarar kimiyya, adabi, jima'i, da al'umma.

Littafinsa na almara ya haɗa da ''Babel-17'', ''The Einstein Intersection'' (waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nebula Award a shekarun 1966 da 1967, bi da bi); ''Hogg'', ''Nova'', ''Dhalgren'', jerin littattafan ''Return to Nevèreon'', da kuma ''Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders'' . Littafinsa na almara ya haɗa da ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'', ''About Writing'', da littattafai takwas na muƙaloli. Ya lashe kyaututtukan Nebula guda huɗu da kyaututtukan Hugo guda biyu, kuma an shigar da shi cikin [[Gidan Tarihi na Al'adun Pop|Fim ɗin Kimiyya da Fantasy Hall of Fame]] a 2002.

Daga Janairu 1975 zuwa Mayu 2015, &lt;ref name=&quot;Retirement party&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retirement party announcement |url=http://www.cla.temple.edu/event/samuel-r-delany-celebration/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204457/http://www.cla.temple.edu/event/samuel-r-delany-celebration/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=August 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ya kasance farfesa a fannin Turanci, Adabin Kwatanta, da/ko Rubutu Mai Kirkire-kirkire a SUNY Buffalo, SUNY Albany, Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst, da Jami'ar Temple .

A shekarar 1997, ya lashe kyautar Kessler Award ; sannan kuma, a shekarar 2010, ya lashe kyautar J. Lloyd Eaton Lifetime Achievement Award a fannin Kimiyyar Almara daga taron Eaton Science Fiction Conference a UCR Laburare .  Marubutan Fiction na Kimiyya na Amurka sun nada shi a matsayin Babban Jagora na SFWA na 30 a shekarar 2013,  kuma a shekarar 2016, an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun Marubutan Jihar New York . Delany ya sami kyautar Anisfield-Wolf Lifetime Achievement Award na 2021. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2025, an shigar da Delany cikin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-03 |title=Samuel Ray Delany {{!}} American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/samuel-ray-delany |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.amacad.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Samuel Ray Delany, Jr. kuma ya girma a Harlem. Mahaifiyarsa, Margaret Carey (Boyd) Delany (1916–1995), magatakarda ce a tsarin Laburaren Jama'a na New York . Mahaifinsa, Samuel Ray Delany Sr. (1906–1960), ya gudanar da Gidan Jana'izar Levy &amp; Delany da ke kan titin 7th a Harlem, daga 1938 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1960. Iyalin sun zauna a hawa biyu na sama na wani gida mai hawa uku tsakanin gine-ginen gidaje na Harlem mai hawa biyar zuwa shida. 

An haifi Delany a cikin iyali mai hazaka da buri na manyan 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa . Kakansa, Henry Beard Delany (1858-1928), an haife shi cikin bauta, amma bayan 'yantar da shi ya sami ilimi, firist kuma bishop baƙar fata na farko na Cocin Episcopal . [1] Magoya bayan kare haƙƙin jama'a Sadie da Bessie Delany suna cikin goggon mahaifinsa. [2] (Ya ɗauko daga rayuwarsu a matsayin tushen haruffan Elsie da Corry a cikin &quot;Atlantis: Model 1924&quot;, littafin farko a cikin tarin tarihin rayuwarsa na Atlantis: Tatsuniyoyi Uku .) Sauran fitattun 'yan uwa sun haɗa da goggonsa, mawaƙin Harlem Renaissance Clarissa Scott Delany, da kawunsa, alkali Hubert Thomas Delany . [3]

Delany ya halarci Makarantar Dalton mai zaman kanta, kuma daga 1951 zuwa 1956, ya yi bazara a Camp Woodland da ke Phoenicia, New York.  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Bronx da ke da ƙwarewa, inda aka zaɓe shi don halartar Camp Rising Sun, shirin tallafin karatu na ƙasa da ƙasa na Gidauniyar Louis August Jonas. Labarin Delany na farko da aka buga, &quot;Salt&quot;, ya bayyana a ''Dynamo'', mujallar adabi ta Bronx Science, a 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;bxsci202202&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=Bronx Science Alumni Foundation Newsletter: February 2022 |url=http://go.pardot.com/webmail/513921/754861096/ec3880b7785560ee469c58219bfe5385a4accaf8a8958cfa34567a1845df4c4a |access-date=February 2, 2022 |website=Bronx Science Alumni Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahaifin Delany ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a watan Oktoban 1960. A shekara mai zuwa, a watan Agustan 1961, Delany ta auri mawaƙiya/fassara Marilyn Hacker, kuma ma'auratan sun zauna a unguwar East Village da ke New York a lamba 629 East 5th Street. Hacker yana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar edita a Ace Books, kuma shiga tsakani na ya taimaka wa Delany ta zama marubuciyar labaran kimiyya da aka buga tana da shekaru 20.  Ya gama rubuta wannan littafin na farko ( ''The Jewels of Aptor'', wanda aka buga a 1962) &lt;ref name=&quot;porter&quot;/&gt; yana da shekaru 19, jim kaɗan bayan ya bar Kwalejin City ta New York bayan zangon karatu ɗaya.

== Sana'a ==
Aikinsa na gaba shine littafin &quot;The Fall of the Towers&quot;, sai kuma littafin &quot;The Ballad of Beta-2&quot; da &quot;Babel-17&quot; ; ya bayyana rubutunsa a wannan lokacin, da kuma aurensa da Hacker, a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa mai suna &quot;The Motion of Light in Water&quot; . A shekarar 1966, yayin da Hacker ya ci gaba da zama a New York, Delany ya yi tafiya ta tsawon watanni biyar zuwa Faransa, Ingila, Italiya, Girka, da Turkiyya. [1] A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta &quot;The Einstein Intersection &quot;. [1] Ya yi amfani da waɗannan wurare a cikin ayyuka da dama, ciki har da Nova da gajerun labarai &quot; Aye, da Gomorrah &quot; da &quot;Kare a cikin Net ɗin Masunta&quot;. Waɗannan ayyukan sun sami yabo mai zafi: Algis Budrys ya kira Delany haziki kuma mawaƙi kuma ya lissafa shi tare da JG Ballard, Brian W. Aldiss, da Roger Zelazny a matsayin &quot;sabon nau'in marubuci mai girgiza duniya&quot;, [2] yayin da Judith Merril ya laƙaba masa &quot;TNT (The New Thing)&quot;. [3] Babel-17 da The Einstein Intersection sun lashe kyautar Nebula Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Littafin Novel a 1966 da 1967, bi da bi. [4] [5]

&quot;The Star-Pit&quot;, ɗan gajeren labari na farko na Delany, Frederick Pohl ne ya buga shi a cikin fitowar Fabrairu 1967 ta ''Worlds of Tomorrow'', kuma ya sanya ƙarin uku a wasu mujallu a wannan shekarar.  A shekarar 1968, ya buga ƙarin gajerun labarai guda huɗu (ciki har da &quot; Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones &quot;, wanda ya lashe kyautar Hugo don Mafi Kyawun Labari Mai Gajere a 1970) &lt;ref name=&quot;hugoawards70&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2007 |title=1970 Hugo Awards |url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1970-hugo-awards/ |access-date=February 27, 2023 |website=The Hugo Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt; da ''Nova'' . Doubleday ne ya buga wannan, wanda ke nuna rabuwar Delany daga Ace; shine littafinsa na ƙarshe na almara na kimiyya har zuwa ''Dhalgren'' a 1975.

Makonni bayan dawowar Delany, shi da Hacker suka fara zama daban. Delany ya yi wasa kuma ya zauna tare na tsawon watanni biyar a Lower East Side tare da Heavenly Breakfast, wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta folk-rock wadda sauran membobinta su ne Susan Schweers, Steven Greenbaum (wanda aka fi sani da Wiseman), da Bert Lee (wanda daga baya ya zama memba na Central Park Sheiks ). Delany ya rubuta tarihin abubuwan da ya fuskanta da ƙungiyar mawaƙa da rayuwar al'umma, wanda daga ƙarshe aka buga a matsayin Heavenly Breakfast (1979). Bayan shi da Hacker sun sake haɗuwa na ɗan lokaci, ta ƙaura zuwa San Francisco. A ranar Sabuwar Shekara a 1968, Delany ta haɗu da ita; sannan suka ƙaura zuwa London. A lokacin bazara na 1971, Delany ya koma New York, inda ya zauna a Albert Hotel da ke Greenwich Village .

A shekarar 1972, Delany ta jagoranci wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna ''The Orchid'' (wanda aka fara yi wa lakabi da ''The Science Fim in the Latter Twentieth Century'' ), wanda Barbara Wise ta shirya.  An ɗauki fim ɗin a cikin 16 mm tare da launi da sauti, fim ɗin ya kuma yi amfani da David Wise, Adolfas Mekas, kuma John Herbert McDowell ne ya ba shi kyautar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Maxin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maxin |first=Tyler |date=May 18, 2019 |title=Three Films by Samuel R. Delaney [sic] |url=https://www.screenslate.com/features/1238 |website=Screen Slate |language=en |access-date=June 25, 2026 |archive-date=January 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118031230/https://www.screenslate.com/features/1238 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Nuwamba, Delany marubuci ne mai ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Bil Adama ta Jami'ar Wesleyan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany by K. Leslie Steiner |url=https://www.pseudopodium.org/repress/KLeslieSteiner-SamuelRDelany.html |publisher=pseudopodium.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wannan shekarar, Delany ta rubuta fitowa biyu na littafin barkwanci mai suna Wonder Woman, [1] a lokacin da ake takaddama kan lokacin da jarumin ya bar manyan jaruman ta ya zama wakili na sirri. [2] Delany ta rubuta fitowa ta 202 da ta 203 a cikin jerin. [3] Da farko an yi tsammanin zai rubuta wani labari mai fitowa shida wanda zai kai ga yaƙi kan asibitin zubar da ciki, amma an soke labarin bayan da Gloria Steinem ta jagoranci wani yunƙuri na yin zanga-zanga kan cire ikon Wonder Woman, wani sauyi da ya faru kafin shigar Delany. [4] Malama Ann Matsuuchi ta kammala da cewa ra'ayoyin Steinem &quot;sun dace da amfani da su a matsayin uzuri&quot; daga shugabannin DC. [5]

Daga Disamba 1972 zuwa Disamba 1974, Delany da Hacker sun zauna a Marylebone, London. A wannan lokacin, Delany ta fara aiki da jigogi na jima'i da gaske kuma ta rubuta ayyuka biyu na batsa, ''Equinox'' (wanda aka buga a farko a matsayin ''The Tides of Lust'' ), da ''Hogg'', wanda ba za a iya bugawa a lokacin ba saboda abubuwan da ke cikinsa na keta haddi; ba a sami bugawa ba sai a shekarar 1995.

An buga littafin Delany na sha ɗaya, ''Dhalgren'', a shekarar 1975, inda aka yaba masa a fannin adabi (daga ciki da wajen al'ummar almarar kimiyya) da kuma ba'a (galibi daga cikin al'umma). Ya sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan ɗaya. Bayan dogon musayar wasiƙu da Leslie Fiedler, Delany ya koma Amurka bisa umarnin Fiedler don koyarwa a Jami'ar Buffalo a matsayin Farfesa na Visiting Butler na Turanci a zangon karatu na bazara na 1975. A wannan bazarar ya koma birnin New York.

Duk da cewa ya buga wasu manyan littattafan almara guda biyu na kimiyya ( ''Triton'' da ''Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand'' ) a cikin shekaru goma bayan ''Dhalgren'', Delany ya fara aiki a cikin sukar almara da kimiyya. Ya fara da ''The Jewel-Hinged Jaw'' (1977), tarin kasidu masu suka waɗanda suka yi amfani da ka'idar adabi ta lokacin a cikin nazarin almara na kimiyya, ya buga littattafai da yawa na suka, tambayoyi, da kasidu. Ya kuma kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Wisconsin–Milwaukee a 1977 da Jami'ar Albany a 1978. Babban aikin adabinsa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 da 1980 shine ''Komawa zuwa Nevèrÿon'', jerin tatsuniyoyi da sihiri guda huɗu.

A shekarar 1987, Delany ya kasance abokin ziyara a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya zama farfesa a fannin adabi na kwatantawa a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin na tsawon shekaru 11, kafin ya yi shekara ɗaya da rabi a matsayin farfesa a Turanci a Jami'ar da ke Buffalo .

Ayyukan Delany a shekarun 1990 sun haɗa da ''They Fly at Çiron'', wani sabon rubutu da aka sake rubutawa kuma aka faɗaɗa shi na wani ɗan gajeren labari da ba a buga ba da ya rubuta a 1962, da kuma littafinsa na ƙarshe a cikin nau'ikan almara na kimiyya ko na tatsuniya tsawon shekaru da yawa. Ya kuma buga littafinsa ''The Mad Man'' da tarin muƙaloli da dama, ciki har da ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' (1999), muƙaloli biyu waɗanda Delany ya yi amfani da su daga gogewarsa don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙoƙarin sake haɓaka Times Square da rayuwar jima'i ta jama'a ta maza masu aiki a birnin New York. Delany ya sami kyautar Bill Whitehead don cimma nasara ta rayuwa daga Publishing Triangle a 1993; ya bayyana wannan a matsayin kyautar da yake alfahari da ita. 

Bayan an gayyace shi ya zauna a unguwar mawakan Yaddo, ya koma Sashen Turanci na Jami'ar Temple a watan Janairun 2001, inda ya koyar har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a watan Afrilun 2015. A shekarar 2007, Delany ya kasance batun wani fim na gaskiya, ''The Polymath, ko kuma, The Life and Ra'ayoyin Samuel R. Delany, Gentleman'', wanda Fred Barney Taylor ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 25 ga Afrilu a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca na 2007, kuma a shekarar 2008, an yi masa ado da kyautar Jury Award don Mafi Kyawun Takardar Documentary a bikin fina-finan 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi na duniya na Philadelphia. Haka kuma a shekarar 2007, Delany shi ne &quot;ɗan kalandar&quot; na watan Afrilu a kalandar &quot;Legends of the Village&quot; da Village Care of New York ta fitar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 22–28, 2006 |title=A legendary night for Village Care |url=http://www.thevillager.com/villager_186/alegendarynightfor.html |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=thevillager.com |archive-date=June 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612092628/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_186/alegendarynightfor.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2008, littafinsa mai suna ''Dark Reflections'' ya lashe kyautar Stonewall Book Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2009 |title=Stonewall Book Awards List |url=https://www.ala.org/rt/rrt/award/stonewall/honored |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Stonewall Book Awards List |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2010, Delany ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalai biyar (tare da Andrei Codrescu, Sabina Murray, Joanna Scott da Carolyn See ) a rukunin almara na kyaututtukan littattafai na ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2010 |title=2010 National Book Awards web page |url=http://www.nationalbook.org/nba2010.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722143226/http://www.nationalbook.org/nba2010.html#.WbbszsaQw-U |archive-date=July 22, 2017 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |website=nationalbook.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Delany_encyc.png|thumb|251x251px|A wani karatu a The Kitchen a watan Yunin 2011]]
Magnus Books ne ya buga littafinsa na almara na kimiyya ''mai suna &quot;Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders&quot;'' a ranar haihuwarsa a shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2013 ya sami kyautar Brudner daga Jami'ar Yale, saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga adabin 'yan luwadi. A wannan shekarar, abokinsa na marubucin littafin barkwanci kuma mai tsara aiwatar da adabi, Robert Morales, ya mutu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delany, Samuel R. as interviewed by Junot Diaz |date=May 9, 2017 |title=Radicalism Begins in the Body |url=http://bostonreview.net/literature-culture/junot-d%C3%ADaz-samuel-r-delany-radicalism-begins-body |website=Boston Review |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Mai Ziyartar ''Binciken Bincike Mai Mahimmanci'' a Jami'ar Chicago a lokacin kwata na hunturu na 2014.  A shekarar 2015, shekarar da Delany ya yi ritaya daga koyarwa a Jami'ar Temple, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=College of Liberal Arts – Archive |url=http://www.cla.temple.edu/english/event-type/creative-writing/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204452/http://www.cla.temple.edu/english/event-type/creative-writing/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar Falsafar Caribbean ta ba shi kyautar Nicolás Guillén Lifetime Achievement Award. &lt;ref name=&quot;cpa-nga&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nicholas Guillen Award |url=https://caribbeanphilosophy.org/nicolas-guillen |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201053413/https://caribbeanphilosophy.org/nicolas-guillen |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=caribbeanphilosophicalassociation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga shekarar 2018, tarihinsa yana nan a ɗakin karatu na Beinecke da ke Yale, inda ake shirya shi a yanzu. Kafin wannan lokacin, takardunsa suna nan a Cibiyar Bincike ta Tarihin Howard Gotlieb . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center web page listing collections for Samuel R. Delany |url=http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/archives-cc/app/details.php?id=7645&amp;return=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fphpbin%2Farchives-cc%2Fapp%2Fbrowse.php%3Fletter%3DD%26sort_column%3Dcomposite_name%26sort_direction%3DASC%26per_page%3D10%26offset%3D10%26set_page%3Dnext |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427214554/http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/archives-cc/app/details.php?id=7645&amp;return=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fphpbin%2Farchives-cc%2Fapp%2Fbrowse.php%3Fletter%3DD%26sort_column%3Dcomposite_name%26sort_direction%3DASC%26per_page%3D10%26offset%3D10%26set_page%3Dnext |archive-date=April 27, 2011 |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Tun yana yaro, Delany yana kishin yara da laƙabi. Ya ɗauki ɗaya a ranar farko ta sabon sansanin bazara, Camp Woodland, yana da shekaru 11, ta hanyar amsa &quot;Kowa yana kirana Chip!&quot; lokacin da aka tambaye shi sunansa.  Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, Frederik Pohl ya kira shi &quot;mutumin da abokansa ba sa kiransa da Sam, Samuel ko wani nau'in sunan da iyayensa suka ba shi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;pohl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pohl, Frederik |date=November 20, 2010 |title=Chip Delany |url=http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2010/11/chip-delany/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123023245/http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2010/11/chip-delany/ |archive-date=November 23, 2010 |access-date=November 20, 2010 |website=The Way The Future Blogs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan Delany yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi rubutawa a cikin almarar kimiyya, bayan an yi kuskuren rubuta shi sau sama da 60 a cikin sharhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bravard |first=Robert S. |last2=Peplow |first2=Michael W. |year=1984 |title=Through a Glass Darkly: Bibliographing Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2904129 |journal=Black American Literature Forum |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=69–75 |doi=10.2307/2904129 |jstor=2904129 |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 27, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mawallafinsa Doubleday ya rubuta sunansa a shafin taken ''Driftglass'', kamar yadda masu shirya Balticon suka yi a 1982 inda Delany ya kasance baƙon girmamawa.

Delany ta gano cewa ita 'yar luwaɗi ce tun tana ƙarama.  Duk da haka, Delany ta shafe shekaru 19 tana aure da mawaƙiya/fassara Marilyn Hacker, wacce ta san yanayin Delany kuma ta gane cewa 'yar madigo ce tun bayan rabuwarsu. 

Delany da Hacker sun haifi ɗa ɗaya a shekarar 1974, Iva Hacker-Delany, wacce yanzu likita ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anders |first=Tisa M. |date=November 18, 2013 |title=Samuel Ray Delany Jr. (1942- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/delany-samuel-ray-jr-1942/ |access-date=May 25, 2024 |website=BLACKPAST.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 1991, Delany ta shiga dangantaka mai kyau da Dennis Rickett, wanda a da ba shi da gidaje, wanda a da yake sayar da littattafai ne. An rubuta soyayyarsu a cikin littafin tarihi mai suna ''Bread and Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York'' (1999), wanda ya haɗa kai da marubuciya kuma mai zane [[Mia Wolff]] .

Delany ba [[Mulhidanci|ya yarda da Allah]] . 

A shekarar 2004, ya bayyana cewa yana goyon bayan NAMBLA . 

An adana takardun Delany a Jami'ar Yale . 

== Jigogi ==
[[Fayil:Loz_delany_2015.png|thumb|Delany a wani karatu a shekarar 2015.]]
Kayan ado, tunani, da kuma jan hankali&amp;nbsp;- ba wai kawai hotunan ba, har ma da tunani da kuma raguwar rubutu da ra'ayoyi&amp;nbsp;– kuma jigogi ne masu ƙarfi da misalai a cikin aikin Delany. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |last2=Tatsumi |first2=Takayuki |year=1986 |title=Interview: Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/464950 |journal=Diacritics |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=27–45 |doi=10.2307/464950 |issn=0300-7162 |jstor=464950 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lakabi kamar su ''Jewels of Aptor'', ''The Jewel-Hinged Jaw'', &quot;Time Considered As as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones&quot;, ''Driftglass'', da ''Dark Reflections'', tare da sarkar gani na prisms, madubai, da ruwan tabarau da haruffa da dama ke sawa a cikin ''Dhalgren'', wasu misalai ne na wannan; kamar yadda yake a cikin &quot;Mu (...) muna tafiya akan layi mai tsauri&quot; kusan ana bayyana zobe a cikin damuwa a kowane juyi da juyawa na labarin. An bincika tunani da rabewa a cikin labarin a cikin ''Dhalgren'' kuma suna ɗaukar matsayi na tsakiya a cikin jerinsa na Return to Nevèreon.

Bayan buga littafin ''Nova'' na shekarar 1968, ba wai kawai akwai babban gibi a cikin ayyukan da Delany ya wallafa ba (bayan ya fitar da littattafai takwas da wani labari tsakanin 1962 da 1968, fitowarsa da aka buga ta tsaya cak har zuwa 1973), akwai kuma wani ƙarin bayani mai mahimmanci ga jigogi da aka samu a cikin labaran da aka buga bayan wannan lokacin. A wannan lokacin ne Delany ya fara mu'amala sosai da jigogi na jima'i . ''Dhalgren'' da ''Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand'' sun haɗa da sassa da yawa na jima'i, kuma wasu daga cikin littattafansa kamar ''Equinox'' (wanda aka buga a farko a matsayin ''The Tides of Lust'', taken da Delany bai amince da shi ba), ''The Mad Man'', ''Hogg'' da ''Phallos'' za a iya ɗaukar su a matsayin batsa, wani lakabi da Delany da kansa ke amfani da shi. 

Littattafai kamar ''Triton'' da shafuka sama da dubu waɗanda suka ƙunshi jerin littattafansa na Return to Nevèreon guda huɗu sun yi nazari dalla-dalla kan yadda jima'i da halayen jima'i ke da alaƙa da tushen tattalin arziki na asali.&amp;nbsp;- ko kuma, a yanayin ''Triton'', abin da ke {{'}} a nan gaba&amp;nbsp;– al'umma.  Ko da a cikin ayyukan da ba su da almarar kimiyya ko abubuwan tatsuniya da za a yi magana a kansu, kamar ''Atlantis: Three Tales'', ''The Mad Man'', da ''Hogg'', Delany ya bi waɗannan tambayoyin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar hotuna masu haske na New York da sauran biranen Amurka, waɗanda yanzu suke cikin Zamanin Jazz, waɗanda yanzu suke cikin shekaru goma na farko na annobar cutar kanjamau, makarantun masu zaman kansu na New York a shekarun 1950, da kuma Girka da Turai a shekarun 1960,  da&amp;nbsp;- a cikin ''Hogg''&amp;nbsp;– ƙaramin gari a Amurka.  ''Phallos'' ya yi cikakken bayani game da neman farin ciki da tsaro da wani ɗan luwaɗi daga tsibirin Syracuse ya yi a zamanin mulkin Sarki [[Hadrian]] na ƙarni na biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Linds&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Linds |first=Justin |date=October 10, 2013 |title='Phallos' by Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.lambdaliterary.org/reviews/10/10/phallos-by-samuel-r-delany/ |access-date=July 13, 2018 |website=[[Lambda Literary Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Dark Reflections'' wani labari ne na zamani, wanda ke magana game da jigogi na danniya, tsufa, da rayuwar marubucin mara lada. 

Marubuci kuma masanin ilimi C. Riley Snorton ya yi magana game ' batun ''Triton'' game da bambancin jinsi, jima'i, da launin fata da kuma yadda ake amfani da su wajen kula da dangantakar zamantakewa ta jiha da kuma ta hukumomi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Snorton |first=C. Riley |date=Summer 2014 |title='An Ambiguous Heterotopia': On the Past of Black Studies' Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_2014_summer_44_2/page/29 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=29–36 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2014.11413685 |jstor=10.5816/blackscholar.44.2.0029 |s2cid=141748700}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yawan matsayi da asalin da littafin ya samu ta hanyar shiga tsakani na fasaha, Snorton ya yi jayayya cewa yaduwar asalin Delany &quot;yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin karuwar tsarin halittu da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar fasaha, inda aka tsara jikuna zuwa rukuni-zane-zane na rayuwar (ɗan adam), kamar yadda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta da aka amince da su a zamantakewa da kimiyya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Snorton |first=C. Riley |date=Summer 2014 |title='An Ambiguous Heterotopia': On the Past of Black Studies' Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_2014_summer_44_2/page/33 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=33 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2014.11413685 |jstor=10.5816/blackscholar.44.2.0029 |s2cid=141748700}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Triton'' ya yi tambaya game da ƙa'idodin zamantakewa da siyasa game da adawa da ka'ida muddin waɗannan ayyukan ba sa ƙalubalantar amma a zahiri suna sake fasalin nau'ikan ɗan adam masu tsauri. A cikin littafinsa ''Afro-Fabulations'', Tavia Nyong'o ta yi irin wannan hujja a cikin nazarinsa na ''The Einstein Intersection'' . Da yake ambaton Delany a matsayin mai ra'ayin Queer, Nyong'o ya yi nuni da &quot;binciken da aka yi na tsawon lokaci game da ƙarfin ƙa'idodi, wanda aka rubuta a daidai lokacin - ' shekarun 1960 ' - lokacin da ƙungiyoyin hana tsari, masu adawa da tsari a Amurka da duniya baki ɗaya suka kai kololuwarsu.&quot;  Kamar ''Triton'', ''The Einstein Intersection'' yana nuna haruffa waɗanda ke wanzuwa a cikin bambance-bambance daban-daban tsakanin jinsi, jima'i, da iyawa. Wannan yaduwar asali &quot;yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙoƙari na haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da tsarin zamantakewa mai alaƙa da jinsi da kuma isar da makoma mai dorewa ta hanyar harshe&quot; a cikin ɓoyewar al'ummar Lo na &quot;kages&quot; marasa aiki waɗanda aka hana su harshe da kulawa.  Nyong'o da Snorton sun haɗa aikin Delany da &quot;nau'ikan zama ɗan adam&quot; na Sylvia Wynter,  suna jaddada dangantakar da Delany ke da ita da bambancin ra'ayi, daidaito, da yuwuwar rugujewa ko sake fasalin su, da kuma sanya shi a matsayin muhimmin mai shiga tsakani a fannin ka'idar Queer da [[Nazarin baƙar fata|nazarin Baƙar fata]] .

''Mahaukacin Mutum'', ''Phallos'', da ''Duhu Tunani'' suna da alaƙa ta ƙananan hanyoyi. Dabbar da aka ambata a farkon ''Mahaukacin Mutum'' tana ɗauke da murfin ''Phallos'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Scott&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Darieck |date=September 13, 2012 |title=Delany's Divinities |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-literary-history_winter-2012_24_4/page/702 |journal=American Literary History |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=702–722 |doi=10.1093/alh/ajs045 |s2cid=145175953}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da karramawa ==

* 1985: Kyautar Mahajjata, wadda Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Almarar Kimiyya ta Gabatarwa ta Gabatarwa ta bayar a fannin tallafin karatu na almarar kimiyya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The SFRA Award for Lifetime Contributions to SF Scholarship {{!}} Science Fiction Research Association |url=https://sfra.org/The-SFRA-Award-for-Lifetime-Contributions-to-SF-Scholarship/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=sfra.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1997: Kyautar David R. Kessler don Nazarin LGBTQ a CLAGS: Cibiyar Nazarin LGBTQ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=...3, 2, 1, CONTACT: Delany Gives Kessler Lecture – CLAGS: Center for LGBTQ Studies |url=https://clags.org/articles/3-2-1-contact-delany-gives-kessler-lecture/ |access-date=May 15, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515152113/https://clags.org/articles/3-2-1-contact-delany-gives-kessler-lecture/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2002: An shigar da shi cikin Almarar [[Gidan Tarihi na Al'adun Pop|Kimiyya da Zauren Shahararrun Labarai]] . 
* 2010: Kyautar J. Lloyd Eaton ta Nasara ta Rayuwa a cikin Almarar Kimiyya daga taron Eaton na Almarar Kimiyya a ɗakunan karatu na UCR . 
* 2012: Kyautar Brudner saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga nazarin LGBT da al'ummomin LGBT, wanda aka bayar ta hanyar Nazarin 'Yan Madigo, 'Yan Luwadi, Masu Juna Biyu, da Masu Canza Jinsi (LGBTS) a Jami'ar Yale. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=James Robert Brudner '83 Memorial Prize and Lectures |url=https://lgbts.yale.edu/brudner |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: Marubutan Fina-finan Kimiyya na Amurka sun nada shi Babban Jagora na SFWA na 30 
* 2016: An shigar da shi cikin Zauren Marubuta na Jihar New York . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany |url=https://luma.org/en/arles/artists-thinkers-a-z/samuel-r.-delany |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=luma.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Kyautar Sir Arthur Clarke ta Tunani a cikin Hidima ga Al'umma saboda Gudummawa Mai Kyau ga Almara, Suka da Makaloli kan Almarar Kimiyya, Adabi da Al'umma ta [[Arthur C. Clarke Foundation|Gidauniyar Arthur C. Clarke]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R Delany |url=https://www.clarkefoundation.org/samuel-r-delany/ |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=The Arthur C Clarke Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Anisfield-Wolf . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2021 |title=Introducing Our Class of 2021 |url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/2021/04/introducing-our-class-of-2021/ |access-date=April 5, 2021 |website=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: Kyautar Duniya ta Fantasy, Nasarar Rayuwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asher-Perrin |first=Emmet |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Announcing the 2022 World Fantasy Award Finalists |url=https://www.tor.com/2022/07/20/announcing-the-2022-world-fantasy-award-finalists-2/ |access-date=July 25, 2022 |website=Tor.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: Kyautar Adabi ta Lambda, LGBTQ Pornica &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2022 Winners |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/awards/2022-winners/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=lambdaliterary.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: An nuna Delany a cikin shirin shirin talabijin [[PBS|na PBS]] ''mai suna Articulate'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What Might Be |url=https://articulateshow.org/videos/what-might-be/ |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=Articulate with Jim Cotter |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Bako mai daraja a taron Sturgeon na 2024 a Cibiyar Nazarin Almarar Kimiyya ta J. Wayne da Elsie M. Gunn, &quot;Taurari a Aljihunmu: Murnar Samuel R. Delany.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2024 Sturgeon Symposium |url=https://sfcenter.ku.edu/2024-sturgeon-symposium |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=sfcenter.ku.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Kyautar MAPACA ta Impact Divine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany {{!}} MAPACA |url=https://mapaca.net/conference/2024/samuel-r-delany |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=mapaca.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Almara ===

==== Labarai ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Name
!Published
!ISBN
!Notes
|-
|''The Jewels of Aptor''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1962
| 
|Published as Ace-Double F-173 together with ''Second Ending'' by James White
|-
|''Captives of the Flame''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1963
| 
|Published as Ace-Double F-199 together with ''The Psionic Menace'' by John Brunner, republished as the more definitive ''Out of the Dead City'' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;included in omnibus edition: ''The Fall of the Towers''
|-
|''The Towers of Toron''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1964
| 
|Published as Ace-Double F-261 together with ''The Lunar Eye'' by Robert Moore Williams, included in omnibus edition: ''The Fall of the Towers''
|-
|''City of a Thousand Suns''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1965
| 
|Published by Ace Books as F-322, included in omnibus edition: ''The Fall of the Towers''
|-
|''The Ballad of Beta-2''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1965
| 
|Published as Ace-Double M-121 together with ''Alpha Yes, Terra No!'' by Emil Petaja; Nebula Award nominee, 1965&lt;ref name=&quot;nebula-1965&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1965 Nebula Awards |url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/award-year/1965 |access-date=August 22, 2018}} /&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Empire Star''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1966
| 
|Published as Ace-Double M-139 together with ''The Tree Lord of Imeten'' by Tom Purdom
|-
|''Babel-17''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1966
| 
|Published by Ace Books as F-388, Nebula Award '''winner''', 1966;&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1966&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1966 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1966 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hugo Award nominee, 1967&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1967&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''The Einstein Intersection''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1967
| 
|Published by Ace Books as F-427, Nebula Award '''winner''', 1967&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1967&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1967 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1967 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hugo Award nominee, 1968&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1968&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1968 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1968 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Nova''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1968
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Hugo Award nominee, 1969&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1969&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1969 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1969 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''The Tides of Lust''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1973
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Published by Lancer Books as #71344, later reprinted under Delany's preferred title ''Equinox'' (1994),  .
|-
|''Dhalgren''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1975
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Nebula Award nominee, 1975&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1975&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1975 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1975 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Locus Award nominee, 1976&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1976 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1976 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Triton''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1976
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Republished as ''Trouble on Triton'' in 1996 by Wesleyan University Press&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nebula Award nominee, 1976&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1976&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Empire''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1978
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|With Howard Chaykin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Graphic novel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Published by Byron Preiss/Berkley Windhover
|-
|''Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1984
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Locus Award nominee, 1985&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1985&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1985 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1985 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arthur C. Clarke Award nominee, 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1987 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1987 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''They Fly at Çiron''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1993
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''The Mad Man''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1994
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''Hogg''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1995
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''Phallos''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2004
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''Dark Reflections''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2007
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Stonewall Book Award '''winner''', 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lambda Award nominee, 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambda-2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cerna, Antonio Gonzales |title=Previous Lammy Award Winners: 20th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_2004_2005.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504233142/http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_2004_2005.html |archive-date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=Lambda Literary}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2012
| 
|Chapter 90 was inadvertently left out by the publisher, and was later published in ''Sensitive Skin'' magazine&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |date=December 2012 |title=Chapter 90 – Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders |url=http://www.sensitiveskinmagazine.com/chapter-90-through-the-valley-of-the-nest-of-spiders/ |website=Sensitive Skin |access-date=2026-06-25 |archive-date=2015-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508061527/http://sensitiveskinmagazine.com/chapter-90-through-the-valley-of-the-nest-of-spiders/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Since then Delany has self-published a corrected edition on Amazon with a new cover by Mia Wolff, the missing chapter, and many cosmetic corrections.
|-
|''The Atheist in the Attic''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-04-01 |title=The Atheist in the Attic (Outspoken Authors) {{!}} Rainy Day Books |url=https://rainydaybooks.com/book/9781629634401 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=rainydaybooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Atheist in the Attic |url=https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;p=897 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=pmpress.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2018
| 
|Novella; includes essay &quot;Racism and Science Fiction&quot;, &quot;'Discourse in an Older Sense': Outspoken Interview&quot;, and Bibliography
|-
|''Shoat Rumblin: His Sensations and Ideas''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |date=2001 |title=Shoat Rumblin: His Sensations and Ideas |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3300519 |journal=Callaloo |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=432–441 |issn=0161-2492 |jstor=3300519}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2020
| 
|
|-
|''Big Joe''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=rile*books |title=BIG JOE by Samuel R. Delany - rile*books |url=https://www.rile.space/books/big-joe |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=www.rile.space |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2021
| 
|Illustrated by Drake Carr and Sabrina Bockler. Published by Inpatient Press&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lambda Literary Award winner, LGBTQ Erotica, 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Current Finalists |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/awards/2022-winners/ |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''This Short Day of Frost and Sun''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LaClaire |first=Scott |date=2022-06-23 |title=To Sleep before Evening (from This Short Day of Frost and Sun) - The Georgia Review |url=https://www.thegeorgiareview.com/posts/to-sleep-before-evening-from-this-short-day-of-frost-and-sun/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2022–
|
|Serially published in ''The Georgia Review'' from Summer 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany to Publish Serial Novel in The Georgia Review |url=https://thegeorgiareview.com/news/samuel-r-delany-to-publish-serial-novel-in-the-georgia-review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527222302/https://thegeorgiareview.com/news/samuel-r-delany-to-publish-serial-novel-in-the-georgia-review/ |archive-date=May 27, 2022 |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=The Georgia Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==== Komawa zuwa jerin Nevèrÿon ====
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; id=&quot;noveltable&quot;
!Suna
! An buga
! ISBN
! Bayanan kula
|-
| ''Tatsuniyoyin Nevère''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1979
| 
| Wanda aka zaɓa don lashe kyautar Locus Award, 1980; &lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1980&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1980 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1980 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wanda ya lashe kyautar littattafai ta ƙasa don labarin kimiyya, 1980 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tales of Neveryon |url=https://www.nationalbook.org/books/tales-of-neveryon/ |access-date=December 6, 2021 |website=National Book Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Neveryóna''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1983
| 
| Labari
|-
| ''Jirgin daga Nevère''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1985
| 
| Novellas
|-
| ''Gadar Sha'awa da Aka Rasa''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1987
| 
| Novellas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An sake fasalin a matsayin ''Komawa zuwa Nevèrÿon'' (1994), 
|}

==== Labarai gajeru ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; width:100%;&quot;
!Story
!First &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publication &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Date&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany&amp;nbsp;– Summary Bibliography |url=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?Samuel_R._Delany |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=Internet Speculative Fiction Database}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Awards
!''Drift-&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwBEc&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;glass'' (1971)
!''Distant Stars'' (1981), illustrated,  
!''The Complete Nebula Award-Winning Fiction'' (1983),  
!''Driftglass/&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwBFU&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;/Starshards'' (1993),  
!''Atlantis: Three Tales'' (1995),  
!''Aye, and Gomorrah, and other stories'' (2003),  
|-
|&quot;Salt&quot;
|1960 in ''Dynamo''{{R|bxsci202202}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;The Star Pit&quot;
|Feb 1967 in ''[[Worlds of Tomorrow]]''
|Hugo (nom)
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Dog in a Fisherman's Net&quot;
|May 1971 in ''[[Quark/3]]'', [[Marilyn Hacker]], Samuel R. Delany (ed.)
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Corona&quot;
|Oct 1967 in ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Aye, and Gomorrah...&quot;
|Oct 1967 in ''[[Dangerous Visions]]'', [[Harlan Ellison]] (ed.)
|Hugo (nom), Nebula ('''win''')
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Driftglass&quot;
|Jun 1967 in ''[[If (magazine)|If]]''
|Nebula (nom)
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;We, in Some Strange Power's Employ, Move on a Rigorous Line&quot;
|May 1968 as &quot;Lines of Power&quot;, ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''
|Hugo (nom), Nebula (nom)
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Cage of Brass&quot;
|Jun 1968 in ''[[If (magazine)|If]]''
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;High Weir&quot;
|Oct 1968 in ''[[If (magazine)|If]]''
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones&quot;
|Dec 1968 in ''[[New Worlds (magazine)|New Worlds]]'' [[Michael Moorcock]] and [[James Sallis]] (eds.)
|Hugo ('''win'''), Nebula ('''win''')
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Tapestry&quot;
|Apr 1970 in ''[[American Review (literary journal)|New American Review 9]] '' (under the title &quot;The Unicorn Tapestry&quot;)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Night and the Loves of Joe Dicostanzo&quot;
|Nov 1970 in ''Alchemy and Academe'', [[Anne McCaffrey]] (ed.)
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Prismatica&quot;
|Oct 1977 in [[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]
|Hugo (nom)
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Empire Star&quot;
|1966 as an Ace Double
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;Omegahelm&quot;
|1981 in ''Distant Stars''
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Ruins&quot;
|1981 in ''Distant Stars''
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Among the Blobs&quot;
|1988 in [[Jami'ar Kudancin Mississippi|Mississippi Review]] 47/48
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;The Desert of Time&quot;
|May 1992 in ''[[Omni (magazine)|Omni]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;Citre et Trans&quot;
|1993 in ''Driftglass/Starshards''
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|&quot;Erik, Gwen, and D.H. Lawrence's Esthetic of Unrectified Feeling&quot;
|1993 in ''Driftglass/Starshards''
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|&quot;Atlantis: Model 1924&quot;
|1995 in ''[[Atlantis: Three Tales]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|&quot;The Spendor and Misery of Bodies, of Cities&quot;
|1996 in ''[[Review of Contemporary Fiction]]''; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
repr. 2021 in ''Out of the Ruins'' ed. by Preston Grassmann
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;In The Valley of the Nest of Spiders&quot;
|2007 in ''[[Black Clock]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;The Hermit of Houston&quot;
|Sep 2017 in ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;F&amp;SF2017Sept&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Van Gelder |first=Gordon |title=Sep–Oct 2017 issue – F&amp;SF Forum |url=https://www.sfsite.com/fsf/blog/forum/topic.php?id=1880545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816235054/https://www.sfsite.com/fsf/blog/forum/topic.php?id=1880545 |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2017 |website=sfsite.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Locus ('''win''')&lt;ref name=&quot;locus2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2018 |title=Announcing the 2018 Locus Awards Winners |url=https://www.tor.com/2018/06/23/announcing-the-2018-locus-awards-winners/ |website=Tor.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;To the Fordham&quot;
|Dec 6, 2019 in ''[[Boston Review]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;bostonreview2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |date=December 6, 2019 |title=To the Fordham |url=https://bostonreview.net/arts-society/samuel-r-delany-fordham |access-date=December 9, 2019 |website=Boston Review |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;The Wyrm&quot;
|January 10, 2022, in ''The Baffler''; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2022 |title=The Wyrm {{!}} Samuel Delany |url=https://thebaffler.com/stories/the-wyrm-delany |access-date=August 7, 2022 |website=The Baffler |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; reprinted 2025 in ''Intergalactic Rejects'' edited by Storm Humbert&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Intergalactic Rejects |url=https://calendaroffools.com/publications/intergalactic-rejects/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Calendar of Fools |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;First Trip to Brewster&quot;
|Nov 2022 in ''Astra Magazine''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2022 |title=First Trip to Brewster {{!}} Samuel R. Delany |url=https://astra-mag.com/articles/first-trip-to-brewster/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712205849/https://astra-mag.com/articles/first-trip-to-brewster/ |archive-date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=July 14, 2023 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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|}

==== Labarun barkwanci/zane-zane ====

* ''Mace Mai Al'ajabi'', 1972 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuuchi |first=Ann |date=2012-01-01 |title=Wonder Woman Wears Pants: Wonder Woman, Feminism and the 1972 'Women's Lib' Issue. |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/lg_pubs/3 |journal=Publications and Research}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Daular'', zane-zane na ''Howard V. Chaykin'', 1978 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Empire (Berkley Books, 1978 series) #12245 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/229126/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827212943/https://www.comics.org/issue/229126/ |archive-date=2025-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.comics.org |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Hasken Wata Bakwai Ya Jefa Inuwar Hadaka&quot; a cikin ''Epic Illustrated'' No. 2, zane na Howard Chaykin, shafuka 67–74, Yuni 1980 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany collection {{!}} Manuscript and Archival Collection Finding Aids |url=https://library.udel.edu/special/findaids/view?docId=ead/mss0618.xml;tab=content |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008034225/https://library.udel.edu/special/findaids/view?docId=ead/mss0618.xml;tab=content |archive-date=October 8, 2023 |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=library.udel.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2022 |title=Look There, and Here: A whole lotta Chaykin goin' on... – Ragged Claws Network |url=https://raggedclaws.com/2010/10/22/look-there-and-here-a-whole-lotta-chaykin-goin-on/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211730/https://raggedclaws.com/2010/10/22/look-there-and-here-a-whole-lotta-chaykin-goin-on/ |archive-date=April 23, 2022 |access-date=April 23, 2022 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Burodi da Giya: Labarin Batsa na New York'', zane na Mia Wolff, gabatarwa ta Alan Moore, 1999 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bread &amp; Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York Updated Edition |url=https://www.fantagraphics.com/products/bread-wine-an-erotic-tale-of-new-york-updated-edition |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Fantagraphics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bread &amp; Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York Updated Edition |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/bread-wine-samuel-r-delany/1147426048}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Takaitattun Labarai ====

* ''Quark/1'' (1970) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker )
* ''Quark/2'' (1971) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker)
* ''Quark/3'' (1971) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker)
* ''Quark/4'' (1971) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker)
* ''Masu Nasara na Nebula 13'' (1980)
* ''Fifties Fictions'' (2003), (an gyara tare da Josh Lukin),  Ya haɗa da rubutun 2003 mai taken &quot;Saurin Sauyi.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No. 18 Fifties Fictions {{!}} Paradoxa |url=https://paradoxa.com/no-18-fifties-fictions/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Labarai na Almara ===

==== Ayyuka masu mahimmanci ====

* ''[[The Jewel-hinged Jaw|Muƙamuƙin Jawo-jawo]] : Bayani Kan Harshen Almarar Kimiyya'' (Dragon Press, 1977; bugu da aka sake duba na Wesleyan University Press 2009, tare da gabatarwa daga Matthew Cheney  )
* ''[[The American Shore|Tekun Amurka]] : Tunani akan Labarin Almara na Kimiyya'' (Dragon Press, 1978; Wesleyan University Press 2014, tare da gabatarwa daga Matthew Cheney  )
* ''[[Starboard Wine|Ruwan inabi na Starboard]] : Ƙarin Bayani Kan Harshen Almarar Kimiyya'' (Dragon Press, 1984; Wesleyan University Press, 2012, tare da gabatarwa daga Matthew Cheney  )
* ''Wagner/Artaud: Wasan kwaikwayo na Almarar Tarihi na ƙarni na 19 da 20'' (Ansatz Press, 1988),  
* ''Mashigar Messina'' (1989), 
* ''Hira da Ba a San Komai Ba'' (1995), 
* ''Ra'ayoyi Masu Dogon Lokaci'' (1996) tare da gabatarwar Kenneth R. James, 
* [http://www.nyrsf.com/racism-and-science-fiction-.html &quot;Wariyar launin fata da Almarar Kimiyya&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526124207/https://www.nyrsf.com/racism-and-science-fiction-.html |date=2025-05-26 }} (1998), ''Bitar New York ta Almarar Kimiyya'', Fitowa ta 120.
* ''Ra'ayoyi Masu Gajeru'' (1999), 
* ''Game da Rubutu'' (2005), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Writing |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819567161/about-writing/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Tattaunawa da Samuel R. Delany'' (2009), wanda Carl Freedman, Jami'ar Mississippi Press ya shirya. 
* ''Ra'ayoyi na Lokaci-lokaci, Juzu'i na 1: &quot;Ƙarin Bayani Game da Rubutu&quot; da Sauran Makaloli'' (Wesleyan University Press, 2015). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Occasional Views Volume 1 |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819579751/occasional-views-volume-1/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780819579751|&lt;bdi&gt;9780819579751&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* ''Ra'ayoyi na Lokaci-lokaci, Juzu'i na 2: &quot;Cike da Wasa&quot; da Sauran Makaloli'' (Wesleyan University Press, 2021). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Occasional Views, Volume 2 |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819579782/occasional-views-volume-2/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780819579782|&lt;bdi&gt;9780819579782&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* ''DUETS: Frederick Weston da Samuel R. Delany a cikin Tattaunawa'' ( Kamuwa da Cutar Kanjamau ta Ganuwa, 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DUETS: Frederick Weston &amp; Samuel R. Delany |url=https://visualaids.org/projects/duets-weston-delany |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Visual AIDS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== Tunawa da haruffa ====

* ''Karin Kumallo na Samaniya'' (1979), tarihin wani gari na birnin New York a lokacin da ake kira bazara ta soyayya, 
* ''Motsin Haske a Ruwa'' (1988), tarihin abubuwan da ya faru a matsayin matashin marubucin almarar kimiyya na 'yan luwadi; wanda ya lashe kyautar Hugo, 
* ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' (NYU Press, 1999; 2019, bugu na cika shekaru 20 tare da gabatarwa daga Robert Reid-Pharr ), tattaunawa kan canje-canje a cikin hulɗar zamantakewa da jima'i a Times Square na New York,  ; 
* ''Burodi da Giya: Labarin Batsa na New York'' (1999), wani barkwanci na tarihin rayuwa wanda Mia Wolff ta zana tare da gabatarwar Alan Moore, 
* ''1984: Zaɓaɓɓun Haruffa'' (2000) tare da gabatarwa daga Kenneth R. James,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1984 [SELECTED LETTERS] . With an Introduction by Kenneth R. James by Delany, Samuel R[ay]: (2000) {{!}} Currey, L.W. Inc. ABAA/ILAB |url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/1984-SELECTED-LETTERS-Introduction-Kenneth-James/32210002804/bd |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1984 |title=1984: Selected Letters by Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780966599817 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.publishersweekly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Neman Shiru: Mujallun Samuel R. Delany. Juzu'i na 1, 1957-1969'' (2017), wanda Kenneth R. James ya shirya kuma tare da gabatarwa,  . Wanda ya lashe kyautar Locus ta 2018 (ba almara ba) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=locusmag |date=April 30, 2018 |title=2018 Locus Awards Finalists |url=http://locusmag.com/2018/04/2018-locus-awards-finalists/ |website=locusmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Wasiku daga Amherst: Wasiku Biyar Masu Ba da Labari'' (Wesleyan University Press, 2019), tare da gabatarwa daga &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Letters from Amherst |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819578211/letters-from-amherst/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nalo Hopkinson, 

==== Gabatarwa ====

* ''Kasadar Alyx'', ta Joanna Russ
* ''Mu Wanda Za Mu Yi...'', na Joanna Russ
* ''Baƙar fata ɗan luwaɗi'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Gay Man |url=https://nyupress.org/9780814775035/black-gay-man/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=NYU Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Robert Reid-Pharr
* ''Burning Sky, Zaɓaɓɓun Labarai'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=jameswharris |date=2022-02-18 |title=&quot;Burning Sky&quot; by Rachel Pollack |url=https://classicsofsciencefiction.com/2022/02/18/burning-sky-by-rachel-pollack/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Classics of Science Fiction |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ta [[Rahila Pollack|Rachel Pollack]]
* ''Conjuring Black Funk: Bayani Kan Al'adu, Jima'i, da Ruhaniya, Juzu'i na 1'' ta Herukhuti &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McGlotten |first=Shaka |date=2011 |title=A Review of: &quot; ''Conjuring Black Funk: Notes on Culture, Sexuality, and Spirituality,'' Volume 1 Herukhuti (Hameed Williams)&quot; |journal=Souls |volume=13 |pages=119–122 |doi=10.1080/10999949.2011.551480}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Fyaɗen Duniya'', na Theodore Sturgeon
* ''Uban Ƙarya'', na Brian Evenson (Sake bugawa a Coffee House Press, 2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Father of Lies |url=https://coffeehousepress.org/products/father-of-lies |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Coffee House Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Father Lies by Evenson Brian - AbeBooks |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/father-lies/author/evenson-brian/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.abebooks.co.uk |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Titin Glory'', na Robert A. Heinlein
* ''Fim ɗin Green Lantern tare da fim ɗin Green Arrow #1'', wanda Dennis O'Neil, Neal Adams, da Gil Kane suka fito a ciki (Paperback Library, 1972) 
* ''Allahn Microcosmic'', na Theodore Sturgeon &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Microcosmic God by Theodore Sturgeon: 9781556436598 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/175007/microcosmic-god-by-theodore-sturgeon/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Sihiri: (Oktoba 1961-Oktoba 1967) Tatsuniyoyi Goma na Roger Zelazny'', wanda Samuel R. Delany ya zaɓa kuma ya gabatar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Magic (October 1961–October 1967) |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-ng/book/209549127/the-magic-october-1961-october-1967/roger-zelazny/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=eBooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Magic |url=https://www.samueldelany.com/the-magic |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Samuel Delany |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Masters of the Pit'', na Michael Moorcock &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Masters Of The Pit (Planet Stories Library) |url=https://redemmas.org/titles/10367-masters-of-the-pit-planet-stories-library/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=redemmas.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Masters Of The Pit (Planet Stories Library): Michael Moorcock, Samuel R. Delany: Amazon.co.uk: Books |url=http://www.amazon.co.uk/Masters-Pit-Planet-Stories-Library/dp/1601251041 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302133529/http://www.amazon.co.uk/Masters-Pit-Planet-Stories-Library/dp/1601251041 |archive-date=2009-03-02 |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.amazon.co.uk |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nebula Winners 13'', wanda Samuel R. Delany ya shirya  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nebula Winners Thirteen by Delany Samuel, First Edition - AbeBooks |url=https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/nebula-winners-thirteen/author/delany-samuel/first-edition/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Jagorar Mai Karatu ga Almarar Kimiyya'', ta Baird Searles, Martin Last, Beth Meacham, da Michael Franklin; gabatarwa ta Samuel R. Delany &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A READer's GUIDE TO SCIENCE FICTION by Baird Searles, Martin Last, Beth Meacham, Michael Franklin on Robert Gavora Fine and Rare Books |url=https://www.robertgavora.com/pages/books/50697/baird-searles-martin-last-beth-meacham-michael-franklin/a-readers-guide-to-science-fiction}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Item no longer available |url=https://www.abebooks.com/books/search |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=AbeBooks |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Sandman: Wasan Kai'', na Neil Gaiman
* ''Inuwa: Littafin Tatsuniyar Almara ta Maza Masu Luwaɗi na Asalin Afirka'', wanda Charles Rowell da Bruce Morrow suka shirya  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shade: An Anthology of Fiction by Gay Men of African Descent · Anthologies of African American Writing · DSCFF |url=https://masonlibraries.gmu.edu/dscff/s/aaaw/item/781 |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=masonlibraries.gmu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Wuraren Bidiyo: Gine-gine Takwas'', na Barbara London (Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, 1995) 

== Duba kuma ==

* Al'adun LGBT a birnin New York
* Jigogi na LGBT a cikin almarar hasashe
* Jerin mutanen LGBT daga birnin New York
* Maris ɗin alfahari na NYC
* ''Labarun Chip: Girmamawa ga Samuel R. Delany'' (2015), wanda SF da marubucin almara mai ban mamaki Nisi Shawl suka shirya, kuma marubuci kuma wanda ya kafa Rosarium Publishing, Bill Campbell ne ya buga. Tare da rubuce-rubuce da gajerun gudummawar almara daga marubuta ciki har da Kim Stanley Robinson, Eileen Gunn, Vincent Czyz, da Michael Swanwick .

== Manazarta ==

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'''Samuel R.''' &quot; '''Chip''' &quot; '''Delany''' / / dəˈleɪni / , də - də- -nee ; an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, a shekarar 1942) &lt;ref name=&quot;porter&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Porter |first=Lavelle |date=February 22, 2023 |title=Ode to Samuel Delany |url=https://daily.jstor.org/ode-to-samuel-delany/ |journal=JSTOR Daily |access-date=May 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; marubuci ne ɗan asalin Afirka kuma mai sukar adabi . Ayyukansa sun haɗa da almara (musamman almarar kimiyya), tarihin rayuwa, suka, da kasidu kan almarar kimiyya, adabi, jima'i, da al'umma.

Littafinsa na almara ya haɗa da ''Babel-17'', ''The Einstein Intersection'' (waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nebula Award a shekarun 1966 da 1967, bi da bi); ''Hogg'', ''Nova'', ''Dhalgren'', jerin littattafan ''Return to Nevèreon'', da kuma ''Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders'' . Littafinsa na almara ya haɗa da ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'', ''About Writing'', da littattafai takwas na muƙaloli. Ya lashe kyaututtukan Nebula guda huɗu da kyaututtukan Hugo guda biyu, kuma an shigar da shi cikin [[Gidan Tarihi na Al'adun Pop|Fim ɗin Kimiyya da Fantasy Hall of Fame]] a 2002.

Daga Janairu 1975 zuwa Mayu 2015, &lt;ref name=&quot;Retirement party&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retirement party announcement |url=http://www.cla.temple.edu/event/samuel-r-delany-celebration/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204457/http://www.cla.temple.edu/event/samuel-r-delany-celebration/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=August 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ya kasance farfesa a fannin Turanci, Adabin Kwatanta, da/ko Rubutu Mai Kirkire-kirkire a SUNY Buffalo, SUNY Albany, Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst, da Jami'ar Temple .

A shekarar 1997, ya lashe kyautar Kessler Award ; sannan kuma, a shekarar 2010, ya lashe kyautar J. Lloyd Eaton Lifetime Achievement Award a fannin Kimiyyar Almara daga taron Eaton Science Fiction Conference a UCR Laburare .  Marubutan Fiction na Kimiyya na Amurka sun nada shi a matsayin Babban Jagora na SFWA na 30 a shekarar 2013,  kuma a shekarar 2016, an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun Marubutan Jihar New York . Delany ya sami kyautar Anisfield-Wolf Lifetime Achievement Award na 2021. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2025, an shigar da Delany cikin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-03 |title=Samuel Ray Delany {{!}} American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/samuel-ray-delany |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.amacad.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Samuel Ray Delany, Jr. kuma ya girma a Harlem. Mahaifiyarsa, Margaret Carey (Boyd) Delany (1916–1995), magatakarda ce a tsarin Laburaren Jama'a na New York . Mahaifinsa, Samuel Ray Delany Sr. (1906–1960), ya gudanar da Gidan Jana'izar Levy &amp; Delany da ke kan titin 7th a Harlem, daga 1938 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1960. Iyalin sun zauna a hawa biyu na sama na wani gida mai hawa uku tsakanin gine-ginen gidaje na Harlem mai hawa biyar zuwa shida. 

An haifi Delany a cikin iyali mai hazaka da buri na manyan 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa . Kakansa, Henry Beard Delany (1858-1928), an haife shi cikin bauta, amma bayan 'yantar da shi ya sami ilimi, firist kuma bishop baƙar fata na farko na Cocin Episcopal . [1] Magoya bayan kare haƙƙin jama'a Sadie da Bessie Delany suna cikin goggon mahaifinsa. [2] (Ya ɗauko daga rayuwarsu a matsayin tushen haruffan Elsie da Corry a cikin &quot;Atlantis: Model 1924&quot;, littafin farko a cikin tarin tarihin rayuwarsa na Atlantis: Tatsuniyoyi Uku .) Sauran fitattun 'yan uwa sun haɗa da goggonsa, mawaƙin Harlem Renaissance Clarissa Scott Delany, da kawunsa, alkali Hubert Thomas Delany . [3]

Delany ya halarci Makarantar Dalton mai zaman kanta, kuma daga 1951 zuwa 1956, ya yi bazara a Camp Woodland da ke Phoenicia, New York.  Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Bronx da ke da ƙwarewa, inda aka zaɓe shi don halartar Camp Rising Sun, shirin tallafin karatu na ƙasa da ƙasa na Gidauniyar Louis August Jonas. Labarin Delany na farko da aka buga, &quot;Salt&quot;, ya bayyana a ''Dynamo'', mujallar adabi ta Bronx Science, a 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;bxsci202202&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=Bronx Science Alumni Foundation Newsletter: February 2022 |url=http://go.pardot.com/webmail/513921/754861096/ec3880b7785560ee469c58219bfe5385a4accaf8a8958cfa34567a1845df4c4a |access-date=February 2, 2022 |website=Bronx Science Alumni Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahaifin Delany ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a watan Oktoban a shekarar 1960. A shekara mai zuwa, a watan Agustan 1961, Delany ta auri mawaƙiya/fassara Marilyn Hacker, kuma ma'auratan sun zauna a unguwar East Village da ke New York a lamba 629 East 5th Street. Hacker yana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar edita a Ace Books, kuma shiga tsakani na ya taimaka wa Delany ta zama marubuciyar labaran kimiyya da aka buga tana da shekaru 20.  Ya gama rubuta wannan littafin na farko ( ''The Jewels of Aptor'', wanda aka buga a 1962) &lt;ref name=&quot;porter&quot;/&gt; yana da shekaru 19, jim kaɗan bayan ya bar Kwalejin City ta New York bayan zangon karatu ɗaya.

== Sana'a ==
Aikinsa na gaba shine littafin &quot;The Fall of the Towers&quot;, sai kuma littafin &quot;The Ballad of Beta-2&quot; da &quot;Babel-17&quot; ; ya bayyana rubutunsa a wannan lokacin, da kuma aurensa da Hacker, a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa mai suna &quot;The Motion of Light in Water&quot; . A shekarar 1966, yayin da Hacker ya ci gaba da zama a New York, Delany ya yi tafiya ta tsawon watanni biyar zuwa Faransa, Ingila, Italiya, Girka, da Turkiyya. [1] A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta &quot;The Einstein Intersection &quot;. [1] Ya yi amfani da waɗannan wurare a cikin ayyuka da dama, ciki har da Nova da gajerun labarai &quot; Aye, da Gomorrah &quot; da &quot;Kare a cikin Net ɗin Masunta&quot;. Waɗannan ayyukan sun sami yabo mai zafi: Algis Budrys ya kira Delany haziki kuma mawaƙi kuma ya lissafa shi tare da JG Ballard, Brian W. Aldiss, da Roger Zelazny a matsayin &quot;sabon nau'in marubuci mai girgiza duniya&quot;, [2] yayin da Judith Merril ya laƙaba masa &quot;TNT (The New Thing)&quot;. [3] Babel-17 da The Einstein Intersection sun lashe kyautar Nebula Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Littafin Novel a 1966 da 1967, bi da bi. [4] [5]

&quot;The Star-Pit&quot;, ɗan gajeren labari na farko na Delany, Frederick Pohl ne ya buga shi a cikin fitowar Fabrairu 1967 ta ''Worlds of Tomorrow'', kuma ya sanya ƙarin uku a wasu mujallu a wannan shekarar.  A shekarar 1968, ya buga ƙarin gajerun labarai guda huɗu (ciki har da &quot; Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones &quot;, wanda ya lashe kyautar Hugo don Mafi Kyawun Labari Mai Gajere a 1970) &lt;ref name=&quot;hugoawards70&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2007 |title=1970 Hugo Awards |url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1970-hugo-awards/ |access-date=February 27, 2023 |website=The Hugo Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt; da ''Nova'' . Doubleday ne ya buga wannan, wanda ke nuna rabuwar Delany daga Ace; shine littafinsa na ƙarshe na almara na kimiyya har zuwa ''Dhalgren'' a 1975.

Makonni bayan dawowar Delany, shi da Hacker suka fara zama daban. Delany ya yi wasa kuma ya zauna tare na tsawon watanni biyar a Lower East Side tare da Heavenly Breakfast, wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta folk-rock wadda sauran membobinta su ne Susan Schweers, Steven Greenbaum (wanda aka fi sani da Wiseman), da Bert Lee (wanda daga baya ya zama memba na Central Park Sheiks ). Delany ya rubuta tarihin abubuwan da ya fuskanta da ƙungiyar mawaƙa da rayuwar al'umma, wanda daga ƙarshe aka buga a matsayin Heavenly Breakfast (1979). Bayan shi da Hacker sun sake haɗuwa na ɗan lokaci, ta ƙaura zuwa San Francisco. A ranar Sabuwar Shekara a 1968, Delany ta haɗu da ita; sannan suka ƙaura zuwa London. A lokacin bazara na 1971, Delany ya koma New York, inda ya zauna a Albert Hotel da ke Greenwich Village .

A shekarar 1972, Delany ta jagoranci wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna ''The Orchid'' (wanda aka fara yi wa lakabi da ''The Science Fim in the Latter Twentieth Century'' ), wanda Barbara Wise ta shirya.  An ɗauki fim ɗin a cikin 16 mm tare da launi da sauti, fim ɗin ya kuma yi amfani da David Wise, Adolfas Mekas, kuma John Herbert McDowell ne ya ba shi kyautar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Maxin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maxin |first=Tyler |date=May 18, 2019 |title=Three Films by Samuel R. Delaney [sic] |url=https://www.screenslate.com/features/1238 |website=Screen Slate |language=en |access-date=June 25, 2026 |archive-date=January 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118031230/https://www.screenslate.com/features/1238 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Nuwamba, Delany marubuci ne mai ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Bil Adama ta Jami'ar Wesleyan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany by K. Leslie Steiner |url=https://www.pseudopodium.org/repress/KLeslieSteiner-SamuelRDelany.html |publisher=pseudopodium.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wannan shekarar, Delany ta rubuta fitowa biyu na littafin barkwanci mai suna Wonder Woman, [1] a lokacin da ake takaddama kan lokacin da jarumin ya bar manyan jaruman ta ya zama wakili na sirri. [2] Delany ta rubuta fitowa ta 202 da ta 203 a cikin jerin. [3] Da farko an yi tsammanin zai rubuta wani labari mai fitowa shida wanda zai kai ga yaƙi kan asibitin zubar da ciki, amma an soke labarin bayan da Gloria Steinem ta jagoranci wani yunƙuri na yin zanga-zanga kan cire ikon Wonder Woman, wani sauyi da ya faru kafin shigar Delany. [4] Malama Ann Matsuuchi ta kammala da cewa ra'ayoyin Steinem &quot;sun dace da amfani da su a matsayin uzuri&quot; daga shugabannin DC. [5]

Daga Disamba 1972 zuwa Disamba 1974, Delany da Hacker sun zauna a Marylebone, London. A wannan lokacin, Delany ta fara aiki da jigogi na jima'i da gaske kuma ta rubuta ayyuka biyu na batsa, ''Equinox'' (wanda aka buga a farko a matsayin ''The Tides of Lust'' ), da ''Hogg'', wanda ba za a iya bugawa a lokacin ba saboda abubuwan da ke cikinsa na keta haddi; ba a sami bugawa ba sai a shekarar 1995.

An buga littafin Delany na sha ɗaya, ''Dhalgren'', a shekarar 1975, inda aka yaba masa a fannin adabi (daga ciki da wajen al'ummar almarar kimiyya) da kuma ba'a (galibi daga cikin al'umma). Ya sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan ɗaya. Bayan dogon musayar wasiƙu da Leslie Fiedler, Delany ya koma Amurka bisa umarnin Fiedler don koyarwa a Jami'ar Buffalo a matsayin Farfesa na Visiting Butler na Turanci a zangon karatu na bazara na 1975. A wannan bazarar ya koma birnin New York.

Duk da cewa ya buga wasu manyan littattafan almara guda biyu na kimiyya ( ''Triton'' da ''Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand'' ) a cikin shekaru goma bayan ''Dhalgren'', Delany ya fara aiki a cikin sukar almara da kimiyya. Ya fara da ''The Jewel-Hinged Jaw'' (1977), tarin kasidu masu suka waɗanda suka yi amfani da ka'idar adabi ta lokacin a cikin nazarin almara na kimiyya, ya buga littattafai da yawa na suka, tambayoyi, da kasidu. Ya kuma kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Wisconsin–Milwaukee a 1977 da Jami'ar Albany a 1978. Babban aikin adabinsa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 da 1980 shine ''Komawa zuwa Nevèrÿon'', jerin tatsuniyoyi da sihiri guda huɗu.

A shekarar 1987, Delany ya kasance abokin ziyara a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya zama farfesa a fannin adabi na kwatantawa a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin na tsawon shekaru 11, kafin ya yi shekara ɗaya da rabi a matsayin farfesa a Turanci a Jami'ar da ke Buffalo .

Ayyukan Delany a shekarun 1990 sun haɗa da ''They Fly at Çiron'', wani sabon rubutu da aka sake rubutawa kuma aka faɗaɗa shi na wani ɗan gajeren labari da ba a buga ba da ya rubuta a 1962, da kuma littafinsa na ƙarshe a cikin nau'ikan almara na kimiyya ko na tatsuniya tsawon shekaru da yawa. Ya kuma buga littafinsa ''The Mad Man'' da tarin muƙaloli da dama, ciki har da ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' (1999), muƙaloli biyu waɗanda Delany ya yi amfani da su daga gogewarsa don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙoƙarin sake haɓaka Times Square da rayuwar jima'i ta jama'a ta maza masu aiki a birnin New York. Delany ya sami kyautar Bill Whitehead don cimma nasara ta rayuwa daga Publishing Triangle a 1993; ya bayyana wannan a matsayin kyautar da yake alfahari da ita. 

Bayan an gayyace shi ya zauna a unguwar mawakan Yaddo, ya koma Sashen Turanci na Jami'ar Temple a watan Janairun 2001, inda ya koyar har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a watan Afrilun 2015. A shekarar 2007, Delany ya kasance batun wani fim na gaskiya, ''The Polymath, ko kuma, The Life and Ra'ayoyin Samuel R. Delany, Gentleman'', wanda Fred Barney Taylor ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 25 ga Afrilu a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca na 2007, kuma a shekarar 2008, an yi masa ado da kyautar Jury Award don Mafi Kyawun Takardar Documentary a bikin fina-finan 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi na duniya na Philadelphia. Haka kuma a shekarar 2007, Delany shi ne &quot;ɗan kalandar&quot; na watan Afrilu a kalandar &quot;Legends of the Village&quot; da Village Care of New York ta fitar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 22–28, 2006 |title=A legendary night for Village Care |url=http://www.thevillager.com/villager_186/alegendarynightfor.html |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=thevillager.com |archive-date=June 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612092628/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_186/alegendarynightfor.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2008, littafinsa mai suna ''Dark Reflections'' ya lashe kyautar Stonewall Book Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2009 |title=Stonewall Book Awards List |url=https://www.ala.org/rt/rrt/award/stonewall/honored |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Stonewall Book Awards List |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2010, Delany ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalai biyar (tare da Andrei Codrescu, Sabina Murray, Joanna Scott da Carolyn See ) a rukunin almara na kyaututtukan littattafai na ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2010 |title=2010 National Book Awards web page |url=http://www.nationalbook.org/nba2010.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722143226/http://www.nationalbook.org/nba2010.html#.WbbszsaQw-U |archive-date=July 22, 2017 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |website=nationalbook.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Delany_encyc.png|thumb|251x251px|A wani karatu a The Kitchen a watan Yunin 2011]]
Magnus Books ne ya buga littafinsa na almara na kimiyya ''mai suna &quot;Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders&quot;'' a ranar haihuwarsa a shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2013 ya sami kyautar Brudner daga Jami'ar Yale, saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga adabin 'yan luwadi. A wannan shekarar, abokinsa na marubucin littafin barkwanci kuma mai tsara aiwatar da adabi, Robert Morales, ya mutu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delany, Samuel R. as interviewed by Junot Diaz |date=May 9, 2017 |title=Radicalism Begins in the Body |url=http://bostonreview.net/literature-culture/junot-d%C3%ADaz-samuel-r-delany-radicalism-begins-body |website=Boston Review |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Mai Ziyartar ''Binciken Bincike Mai Mahimmanci'' a Jami'ar Chicago a lokacin kwata na hunturu na 2014.  A shekarar 2015, shekarar da Delany ya yi ritaya daga koyarwa a Jami'ar Temple, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=College of Liberal Arts – Archive |url=http://www.cla.temple.edu/english/event-type/creative-writing/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204452/http://www.cla.temple.edu/english/event-type/creative-writing/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar Falsafar Caribbean ta ba shi kyautar Nicolás Guillén Lifetime Achievement Award. &lt;ref name=&quot;cpa-nga&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nicholas Guillen Award |url=https://caribbeanphilosophy.org/nicolas-guillen |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201053413/https://caribbeanphilosophy.org/nicolas-guillen |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=caribbeanphilosophicalassociation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga shekarar 2018, tarihinsa yana nan a ɗakin karatu na Beinecke da ke Yale, inda ake shirya shi a yanzu. Kafin wannan lokacin, takardunsa suna nan a Cibiyar Bincike ta Tarihin Howard Gotlieb . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center web page listing collections for Samuel R. Delany |url=http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/archives-cc/app/details.php?id=7645&amp;return=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fphpbin%2Farchives-cc%2Fapp%2Fbrowse.php%3Fletter%3DD%26sort_column%3Dcomposite_name%26sort_direction%3DASC%26per_page%3D10%26offset%3D10%26set_page%3Dnext |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427214554/http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/archives-cc/app/details.php?id=7645&amp;return=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fphpbin%2Farchives-cc%2Fapp%2Fbrowse.php%3Fletter%3DD%26sort_column%3Dcomposite_name%26sort_direction%3DASC%26per_page%3D10%26offset%3D10%26set_page%3Dnext |archive-date=April 27, 2011 |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Tun yana yaro, Delany yana kishin yara da laƙabi. Ya ɗauki ɗaya a ranar farko ta sabon sansanin bazara, Camp Woodland, yana da shekaru 11, ta hanyar amsa &quot;Kowa yana kirana Chip!&quot; lokacin da aka tambaye shi sunansa.  Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, Frederik Pohl ya kira shi &quot;mutumin da abokansa ba sa kiransa da Sam, Samuel ko wani nau'in sunan da iyayensa suka ba shi.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;pohl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pohl, Frederik |date=November 20, 2010 |title=Chip Delany |url=http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2010/11/chip-delany/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123023245/http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2010/11/chip-delany/ |archive-date=November 23, 2010 |access-date=November 20, 2010 |website=The Way The Future Blogs}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan Delany yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi rubutawa a cikin almarar kimiyya, bayan an yi kuskuren rubuta shi sau sama da 60 a cikin sharhi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bravard |first=Robert S. |last2=Peplow |first2=Michael W. |year=1984 |title=Through a Glass Darkly: Bibliographing Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2904129 |journal=Black American Literature Forum |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=69–75 |doi=10.2307/2904129 |jstor=2904129 |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 27, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mawallafinsa Doubleday ya rubuta sunansa a shafin taken ''Driftglass'', kamar yadda masu shirya Balticon suka yi a 1982 inda Delany ya kasance baƙon girmamawa.

Delany ta gano cewa ita 'yar luwaɗi ce tun tana ƙarama.  Duk da haka, Delany ta shafe shekaru 19 tana aure da mawaƙiya/fassara Marilyn Hacker, wacce ta san yanayin Delany kuma ta gane cewa 'yar madigo ce tun bayan rabuwarsu. 

Delany da Hacker sun haifi ɗa ɗaya a shekarar 1974, Iva Hacker-Delany, wacce yanzu likita ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anders |first=Tisa M. |date=November 18, 2013 |title=Samuel Ray Delany Jr. (1942- ) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/delany-samuel-ray-jr-1942/ |access-date=May 25, 2024 |website=BLACKPAST.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 1991, Delany ta shiga dangantaka mai kyau da Dennis Rickett, wanda a da ba shi da gidaje, wanda a da yake sayar da littattafai ne. An rubuta soyayyarsu a cikin littafin tarihi mai suna ''Bread and Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York'' (1999), wanda ya haɗa kai da marubuciya kuma mai zane [[Mia Wolff]] .

Delany ba [[Mulhidanci|ya yarda da Allah]] . 

A shekarar 2004, ya bayyana cewa yana goyon bayan NAMBLA . 

An adana takardun Delany a Jami'ar Yale . 

== Jigogi ==
[[Fayil:Loz_delany_2015.png|thumb|Delany a wani karatu a shekarar 2015.]]
Kayan ado, tunani, da kuma jan hankali&amp;nbsp;- ba wai kawai hotunan ba, har ma da tunani da kuma raguwar rubutu da ra'ayoyi&amp;nbsp;– kuma jigogi ne masu ƙarfi da misalai a cikin aikin Delany. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |last2=Tatsumi |first2=Takayuki |year=1986 |title=Interview: Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/464950 |journal=Diacritics |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=27–45 |doi=10.2307/464950 |issn=0300-7162 |jstor=464950 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lakabi kamar su ''Jewels of Aptor'', ''The Jewel-Hinged Jaw'', &quot;Time Considered As as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones&quot;, ''Driftglass'', da ''Dark Reflections'', tare da sarkar gani na prisms, madubai, da ruwan tabarau da haruffa da dama ke sawa a cikin ''Dhalgren'', wasu misalai ne na wannan; kamar yadda yake a cikin &quot;Mu (...) muna tafiya akan layi mai tsauri&quot; kusan ana bayyana zobe a cikin damuwa a kowane juyi da juyawa na labarin. An bincika tunani da rabewa a cikin labarin a cikin ''Dhalgren'' kuma suna ɗaukar matsayi na tsakiya a cikin jerinsa na Return to Nevèreon.

Bayan buga littafin ''Nova'' na shekarar 1968, ba wai kawai akwai babban gibi a cikin ayyukan da Delany ya wallafa ba (bayan ya fitar da littattafai takwas da wani labari tsakanin 1962 da 1968, fitowarsa da aka buga ta tsaya cak har zuwa 1973), akwai kuma wani ƙarin bayani mai mahimmanci ga jigogi da aka samu a cikin labaran da aka buga bayan wannan lokacin. A wannan lokacin ne Delany ya fara mu'amala sosai da jigogi na jima'i . ''Dhalgren'' da ''Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand'' sun haɗa da sassa da yawa na jima'i, kuma wasu daga cikin littattafansa kamar ''Equinox'' (wanda aka buga a farko a matsayin ''The Tides of Lust'', taken da Delany bai amince da shi ba), ''The Mad Man'', ''Hogg'' da ''Phallos'' za a iya ɗaukar su a matsayin batsa, wani lakabi da Delany da kansa ke amfani da shi. 

Littattafai kamar ''Triton'' da shafuka sama da dubu waɗanda suka ƙunshi jerin littattafansa na Return to Nevèreon guda huɗu sun yi nazari dalla-dalla kan yadda jima'i da halayen jima'i ke da alaƙa da tushen tattalin arziki na asali.&amp;nbsp;- ko kuma, a yanayin ''Triton'', abin da ke {{'}} a nan gaba&amp;nbsp;– al'umma.  Ko da a cikin ayyukan da ba su da almarar kimiyya ko abubuwan tatsuniya da za a yi magana a kansu, kamar ''Atlantis: Three Tales'', ''The Mad Man'', da ''Hogg'', Delany ya bi waɗannan tambayoyin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar hotuna masu haske na New York da sauran biranen Amurka, waɗanda yanzu suke cikin Zamanin Jazz, waɗanda yanzu suke cikin shekaru goma na farko na annobar cutar kanjamau, makarantun masu zaman kansu na New York a shekarun 1950, da kuma Girka da Turai a shekarun 1960,  da&amp;nbsp;- a cikin ''Hogg''&amp;nbsp;– ƙaramin gari a Amurka.  ''Phallos'' ya yi cikakken bayani game da neman farin ciki da tsaro da wani ɗan luwaɗi daga tsibirin Syracuse ya yi a zamanin mulkin Sarki [[Hadrian]] na ƙarni na biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Linds&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Linds |first=Justin |date=October 10, 2013 |title='Phallos' by Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.lambdaliterary.org/reviews/10/10/phallos-by-samuel-r-delany/ |access-date=July 13, 2018 |website=[[Lambda Literary Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Dark Reflections'' wani labari ne na zamani, wanda ke magana game da jigogi na danniya, tsufa, da rayuwar marubucin mara lada. 

Marubuci kuma masanin ilimi C. Riley Snorton ya yi magana game ' batun ''Triton'' game da bambancin jinsi, jima'i, da launin fata da kuma yadda ake amfani da su wajen kula da dangantakar zamantakewa ta jiha da kuma ta hukumomi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Snorton |first=C. Riley |date=Summer 2014 |title='An Ambiguous Heterotopia': On the Past of Black Studies' Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_2014_summer_44_2/page/29 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=29–36 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2014.11413685 |jstor=10.5816/blackscholar.44.2.0029 |s2cid=141748700}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da yawan matsayi da asalin da littafin ya samu ta hanyar shiga tsakani na fasaha, Snorton ya yi jayayya cewa yaduwar asalin Delany &quot;yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin karuwar tsarin halittu da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar fasaha, inda aka tsara jikuna zuwa rukuni-zane-zane na rayuwar (ɗan adam), kamar yadda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta da aka amince da su a zamantakewa da kimiyya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Snorton |first=C. Riley |date=Summer 2014 |title='An Ambiguous Heterotopia': On the Past of Black Studies' Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_black-scholar_2014_summer_44_2/page/33 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=33 |doi=10.1080/00064246.2014.11413685 |jstor=10.5816/blackscholar.44.2.0029 |s2cid=141748700}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Triton'' ya yi tambaya game da ƙa'idodin zamantakewa da siyasa game da adawa da ka'ida muddin waɗannan ayyukan ba sa ƙalubalantar amma a zahiri suna sake fasalin nau'ikan ɗan adam masu tsauri. A cikin littafinsa ''Afro-Fabulations'', Tavia Nyong'o ta yi irin wannan hujja a cikin nazarinsa na ''The Einstein Intersection'' . Da yake ambaton Delany a matsayin mai ra'ayin Queer, Nyong'o ya yi nuni da &quot;binciken da aka yi na tsawon lokaci game da ƙarfin ƙa'idodi, wanda aka rubuta a daidai lokacin - ' shekarun 1960 ' - lokacin da ƙungiyoyin hana tsari, masu adawa da tsari a Amurka da duniya baki ɗaya suka kai kololuwarsu.&quot;  Kamar ''Triton'', ''The Einstein Intersection'' yana nuna haruffa waɗanda ke wanzuwa a cikin bambance-bambance daban-daban tsakanin jinsi, jima'i, da iyawa. Wannan yaduwar asali &quot;yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙoƙari na haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da tsarin zamantakewa mai alaƙa da jinsi da kuma isar da makoma mai dorewa ta hanyar harshe&quot; a cikin ɓoyewar al'ummar Lo na &quot;kages&quot; marasa aiki waɗanda aka hana su harshe da kulawa.  Nyong'o da Snorton sun haɗa aikin Delany da &quot;nau'ikan zama ɗan adam&quot; na Sylvia Wynter,  suna jaddada dangantakar da Delany ke da ita da bambancin ra'ayi, daidaito, da yuwuwar rugujewa ko sake fasalin su, da kuma sanya shi a matsayin muhimmin mai shiga tsakani a fannin ka'idar Queer da [[Nazarin baƙar fata|nazarin Baƙar fata]] .

''Mahaukacin Mutum'', ''Phallos'', da ''Duhu Tunani'' suna da alaƙa ta ƙananan hanyoyi. Dabbar da aka ambata a farkon ''Mahaukacin Mutum'' tana ɗauke da murfin ''Phallos'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Scott&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=Darieck |date=September 13, 2012 |title=Delany's Divinities |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-literary-history_winter-2012_24_4/page/702 |journal=American Literary History |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=702–722 |doi=10.1093/alh/ajs045 |s2cid=145175953}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da karramawa ==

* 1985: Kyautar Mahajjata, wadda Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Almarar Kimiyya ta Gabatarwa ta Gabatarwa ta bayar a fannin tallafin karatu na almarar kimiyya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The SFRA Award for Lifetime Contributions to SF Scholarship {{!}} Science Fiction Research Association |url=https://sfra.org/The-SFRA-Award-for-Lifetime-Contributions-to-SF-Scholarship/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=sfra.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1997: Kyautar David R. Kessler don Nazarin LGBTQ a CLAGS: Cibiyar Nazarin LGBTQ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=...3, 2, 1, CONTACT: Delany Gives Kessler Lecture – CLAGS: Center for LGBTQ Studies |url=https://clags.org/articles/3-2-1-contact-delany-gives-kessler-lecture/ |access-date=May 15, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515152113/https://clags.org/articles/3-2-1-contact-delany-gives-kessler-lecture/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2002: An shigar da shi cikin Almarar [[Gidan Tarihi na Al'adun Pop|Kimiyya da Zauren Shahararrun Labarai]] . 
* 2010: Kyautar J. Lloyd Eaton ta Nasara ta Rayuwa a cikin Almarar Kimiyya daga taron Eaton na Almarar Kimiyya a ɗakunan karatu na UCR . 
* 2012: Kyautar Brudner saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga nazarin LGBT da al'ummomin LGBT, wanda aka bayar ta hanyar Nazarin 'Yan Madigo, 'Yan Luwadi, Masu Juna Biyu, da Masu Canza Jinsi (LGBTS) a Jami'ar Yale. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=James Robert Brudner '83 Memorial Prize and Lectures |url=https://lgbts.yale.edu/brudner |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2013: Marubutan Fina-finan Kimiyya na Amurka sun nada shi Babban Jagora na SFWA na 30 
* 2016: An shigar da shi cikin Zauren Marubuta na Jihar New York . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany |url=https://luma.org/en/arles/artists-thinkers-a-z/samuel-r.-delany |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=luma.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Kyautar Sir Arthur Clarke ta Tunani a cikin Hidima ga Al'umma saboda Gudummawa Mai Kyau ga Almara, Suka da Makaloli kan Almarar Kimiyya, Adabi da Al'umma ta [[Arthur C. Clarke Foundation|Gidauniyar Arthur C. Clarke]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R Delany |url=https://www.clarkefoundation.org/samuel-r-delany/ |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=The Arthur C Clarke Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Anisfield-Wolf . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2021 |title=Introducing Our Class of 2021 |url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/2021/04/introducing-our-class-of-2021/ |access-date=April 5, 2021 |website=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: Kyautar Duniya ta Fantasy, Nasarar Rayuwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asher-Perrin |first=Emmet |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Announcing the 2022 World Fantasy Award Finalists |url=https://www.tor.com/2022/07/20/announcing-the-2022-world-fantasy-award-finalists-2/ |access-date=July 25, 2022 |website=Tor.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: Kyautar Adabi ta Lambda, LGBTQ Pornica &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2022 Winners |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/awards/2022-winners/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=lambdaliterary.org |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: An nuna Delany a cikin shirin shirin talabijin [[PBS|na PBS]] ''mai suna Articulate'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What Might Be |url=https://articulateshow.org/videos/what-might-be/ |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=Articulate with Jim Cotter |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Bako mai daraja a taron Sturgeon na 2024 a Cibiyar Nazarin Almarar Kimiyya ta J. Wayne da Elsie M. Gunn, &quot;Taurari a Aljihunmu: Murnar Samuel R. Delany.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2024 Sturgeon Symposium |url=https://sfcenter.ku.edu/2024-sturgeon-symposium |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=sfcenter.ku.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024: Kyautar MAPACA ta Impact Divine &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany {{!}} MAPACA |url=https://mapaca.net/conference/2024/samuel-r-delany |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=mapaca.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Almara ===

==== Labarai ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Name
!Published
!ISBN
!Notes
|-
|''The Jewels of Aptor''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1962
| 
|Published as Ace-Double F-173 together with ''Second Ending'' by James White
|-
|''Captives of the Flame''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1963
| 
|Published as Ace-Double F-199 together with ''The Psionic Menace'' by John Brunner, republished as the more definitive ''Out of the Dead City'' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;included in omnibus edition: ''The Fall of the Towers''
|-
|''The Towers of Toron''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1964
| 
|Published as Ace-Double F-261 together with ''The Lunar Eye'' by Robert Moore Williams, included in omnibus edition: ''The Fall of the Towers''
|-
|''City of a Thousand Suns''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1965
| 
|Published by Ace Books as F-322, included in omnibus edition: ''The Fall of the Towers''
|-
|''The Ballad of Beta-2''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1965
| 
|Published as Ace-Double M-121 together with ''Alpha Yes, Terra No!'' by Emil Petaja; Nebula Award nominee, 1965&lt;ref name=&quot;nebula-1965&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1965 Nebula Awards |url=https://nebulas.sfwa.org/award-year/1965 |access-date=August 22, 2018}} /&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Empire Star''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1966
| 
|Published as Ace-Double M-139 together with ''The Tree Lord of Imeten'' by Tom Purdom
|-
|''Babel-17''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1966
| 
|Published by Ace Books as F-388, Nebula Award '''winner''', 1966;&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1966&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1966 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1966 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hugo Award nominee, 1967&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1967&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''The Einstein Intersection''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1967
| 
|Published by Ace Books as F-427, Nebula Award '''winner''', 1967&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1967&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1967 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1967 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hugo Award nominee, 1968&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1968&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1968 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1968 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Nova''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1968
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Hugo Award nominee, 1969&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1969&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1969 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1969 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''The Tides of Lust''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1973
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Published by Lancer Books as #71344, later reprinted under Delany's preferred title ''Equinox'' (1994),  .
|-
|''Dhalgren''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1975
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Nebula Award nominee, 1975&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1975&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1975 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1975 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Locus Award nominee, 1976&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1976&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1976 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1976 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Triton''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1976
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Republished as ''Trouble on Triton'' in 1996 by Wesleyan University Press&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nebula Award nominee, 1976&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1976&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Empire''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1978
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|With Howard Chaykin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Graphic novel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Published by Byron Preiss/Berkley Windhover
|-
|''Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1984
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Locus Award nominee, 1985&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1985&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1985 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1985 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arthur C. Clarke Award nominee, 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1987 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1987 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''They Fly at Çiron''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1993
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''The Mad Man''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1994
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''Hogg''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |1995
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''Phallos''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2004
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|
|-
|''Dark Reflections''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2007
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 
|Stonewall Book Award '''winner''', 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lambda Award nominee, 2007&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambda-2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cerna, Antonio Gonzales |title=Previous Lammy Award Winners: 20th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_2004_2005.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504233142/http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_2004_2005.html |archive-date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=Lambda Literary}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2012
| 
|Chapter 90 was inadvertently left out by the publisher, and was later published in ''Sensitive Skin'' magazine&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |date=December 2012 |title=Chapter 90 – Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders |url=http://www.sensitiveskinmagazine.com/chapter-90-through-the-valley-of-the-nest-of-spiders/ |website=Sensitive Skin |access-date=2026-06-25 |archive-date=2015-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508061527/http://sensitiveskinmagazine.com/chapter-90-through-the-valley-of-the-nest-of-spiders/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Since then Delany has self-published a corrected edition on Amazon with a new cover by Mia Wolff, the missing chapter, and many cosmetic corrections.
|-
|''The Atheist in the Attic''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-04-01 |title=The Atheist in the Attic (Outspoken Authors) {{!}} Rainy Day Books |url=https://rainydaybooks.com/book/9781629634401 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=rainydaybooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Atheist in the Attic |url=https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;p=897 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=pmpress.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2018
| 
|Novella; includes essay &quot;Racism and Science Fiction&quot;, &quot;'Discourse in an Older Sense': Outspoken Interview&quot;, and Bibliography
|-
|''Shoat Rumblin: His Sensations and Ideas''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |date=2001 |title=Shoat Rumblin: His Sensations and Ideas |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3300519 |journal=Callaloo |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=432–441 |issn=0161-2492 |jstor=3300519}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2020
| 
|
|-
|''Big Joe''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=rile*books |title=BIG JOE by Samuel R. Delany - rile*books |url=https://www.rile.space/books/big-joe |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=www.rile.space |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2021
| 
|Illustrated by Drake Carr and Sabrina Bockler. Published by Inpatient Press&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lambda Literary Award winner, LGBTQ Erotica, 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Current Finalists |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/awards/2022-winners/ |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''This Short Day of Frost and Sun''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=LaClaire |first=Scott |date=2022-06-23 |title=To Sleep before Evening (from This Short Day of Frost and Sun) - The Georgia Review |url=https://www.thegeorgiareview.com/posts/to-sleep-before-evening-from-this-short-day-of-frost-and-sun/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |2022–
|
|Serially published in ''The Georgia Review'' from Summer 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany to Publish Serial Novel in The Georgia Review |url=https://thegeorgiareview.com/news/samuel-r-delany-to-publish-serial-novel-in-the-georgia-review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527222302/https://thegeorgiareview.com/news/samuel-r-delany-to-publish-serial-novel-in-the-georgia-review/ |archive-date=May 27, 2022 |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=The Georgia Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==== Komawa zuwa jerin Nevèrÿon ====
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; id=&quot;noveltable&quot;
!Suna
! An buga
! ISBN
! Bayanan kula
|-
| ''Tatsuniyoyin Nevère''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1979
| 
| Wanda aka zaɓa don lashe kyautar Locus Award, 1980; &lt;ref name=&quot;WWE-1980&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1980 Award Winners &amp; Nominees |url=http://www.worldswithoutend.com/books_year_index.asp?year=1980 |access-date=July 4, 2009 |website=Worlds Without End}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wanda ya lashe kyautar littattafai ta ƙasa don labarin kimiyya, 1980 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tales of Neveryon |url=https://www.nationalbook.org/books/tales-of-neveryon/ |access-date=December 6, 2021 |website=National Book Foundation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''Neveryóna''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1983
| 
| Labari
|-
| ''Jirgin daga Nevère''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1985
| 
| Novellas
|-
| ''Gadar Sha'awa da Aka Rasa''
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 1987
| 
| Novellas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An sake fasalin a matsayin ''Komawa zuwa Nevèrÿon'' (1994), 
|}

==== Labarai gajeru ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; width:100%;&quot;
!Story
!First &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publication &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Date&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany&amp;nbsp;– Summary Bibliography |url=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?Samuel_R._Delany |access-date=March 19, 2011 |website=Internet Speculative Fiction Database}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Awards
!''Drift-&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwBEc&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;glass'' (1971)
!''Distant Stars'' (1981), illustrated,  
!''The Complete Nebula Award-Winning Fiction'' (1983),  
!''Driftglass/&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br id=&quot;mwBFU&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;/Starshards'' (1993),  
!''Atlantis: Three Tales'' (1995),  
!''Aye, and Gomorrah, and other stories'' (2003),  
|-
|&quot;Salt&quot;
|1960 in ''Dynamo''{{R|bxsci202202}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;The Star Pit&quot;
|Feb 1967 in ''[[Worlds of Tomorrow]]''
|Hugo (nom)
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Dog in a Fisherman's Net&quot;
|May 1971 in ''[[Quark/3]]'', [[Marilyn Hacker]], Samuel R. Delany (ed.)
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Corona&quot;
|Oct 1967 in ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Aye, and Gomorrah...&quot;
|Oct 1967 in ''[[Dangerous Visions]]'', [[Harlan Ellison]] (ed.)
|Hugo (nom), Nebula ('''win''')
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Driftglass&quot;
|Jun 1967 in ''[[If (magazine)|If]]''
|Nebula (nom)
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;We, in Some Strange Power's Employ, Move on a Rigorous Line&quot;
|May 1968 as &quot;Lines of Power&quot;, ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''
|Hugo (nom), Nebula (nom)
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Cage of Brass&quot;
|Jun 1968 in ''[[If (magazine)|If]]''
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;High Weir&quot;
|Oct 1968 in ''[[If (magazine)|If]]''
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones&quot;
|Dec 1968 in ''[[New Worlds (magazine)|New Worlds]]'' [[Michael Moorcock]] and [[James Sallis]] (eds.)
|Hugo ('''win'''), Nebula ('''win''')
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Tapestry&quot;
|Apr 1970 in ''[[American Review (literary journal)|New American Review 9]] '' (under the title &quot;The Unicorn Tapestry&quot;)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Night and the Loves of Joe Dicostanzo&quot;
|Nov 1970 in ''Alchemy and Academe'', [[Anne McCaffrey]] (ed.)
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Prismatica&quot;
|Oct 1977 in [[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]
|Hugo (nom)
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Empire Star&quot;
|1966 as an Ace Double
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;Omegahelm&quot;
|1981 in ''Distant Stars''
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Ruins&quot;
|1981 in ''Distant Stars''
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;Among the Blobs&quot;
|1988 in [[Jami'ar Kudancin Mississippi|Mississippi Review]] 47/48
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
|-
|&quot;The Desert of Time&quot;
|May 1992 in ''[[Omni (magazine)|Omni]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;Citre et Trans&quot;
|1993 in ''Driftglass/Starshards''
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|&quot;Erik, Gwen, and D.H. Lawrence's Esthetic of Unrectified Feeling&quot;
|1993 in ''Driftglass/Starshards''
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|&quot;Atlantis: Model 1924&quot;
|1995 in ''[[Atlantis: Three Tales]]''
|
|
|
|
|
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|&quot;The Spendor and Misery of Bodies, of Cities&quot;
|1996 in ''[[Review of Contemporary Fiction]]''; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
repr. 2021 in ''Out of the Ruins'' ed. by Preston Grassmann
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;In The Valley of the Nest of Spiders&quot;
|2007 in ''[[Black Clock]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;The Hermit of Houston&quot;
|Sep 2017 in ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;F&amp;SF2017Sept&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Van Gelder |first=Gordon |title=Sep–Oct 2017 issue – F&amp;SF Forum |url=https://www.sfsite.com/fsf/blog/forum/topic.php?id=1880545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816235054/https://www.sfsite.com/fsf/blog/forum/topic.php?id=1880545 |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2017 |website=sfsite.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Locus ('''win''')&lt;ref name=&quot;locus2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2018 |title=Announcing the 2018 Locus Awards Winners |url=https://www.tor.com/2018/06/23/announcing-the-2018-locus-awards-winners/ |website=Tor.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;To the Fordham&quot;
|Dec 6, 2019 in ''[[Boston Review]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;bostonreview2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |date=December 6, 2019 |title=To the Fordham |url=https://bostonreview.net/arts-society/samuel-r-delany-fordham |access-date=December 9, 2019 |website=Boston Review |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;The Wyrm&quot;
|January 10, 2022, in ''The Baffler''; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2022 |title=The Wyrm {{!}} Samuel Delany |url=https://thebaffler.com/stories/the-wyrm-delany |access-date=August 7, 2022 |website=The Baffler |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; reprinted 2025 in ''Intergalactic Rejects'' edited by Storm Humbert&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Intergalactic Rejects |url=https://calendaroffools.com/publications/intergalactic-rejects/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Calendar of Fools |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|&quot;First Trip to Brewster&quot;
|Nov 2022 in ''Astra Magazine''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2022 |title=First Trip to Brewster {{!}} Samuel R. Delany |url=https://astra-mag.com/articles/first-trip-to-brewster/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712205849/https://astra-mag.com/articles/first-trip-to-brewster/ |archive-date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=July 14, 2023 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==== Labarun barkwanci/zane-zane ====

* ''Mace Mai Al'ajabi'', 1972 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuuchi |first=Ann |date=2012-01-01 |title=Wonder Woman Wears Pants: Wonder Woman, Feminism and the 1972 'Women's Lib' Issue. |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/lg_pubs/3 |journal=Publications and Research}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Daular'', zane-zane na ''Howard V. Chaykin'', 1978 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Empire (Berkley Books, 1978 series) #12245 |url=https://www.comics.org/issue/229126/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827212943/https://www.comics.org/issue/229126/ |archive-date=2025-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.comics.org |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Hasken Wata Bakwai Ya Jefa Inuwar Hadaka&quot; a cikin ''Epic Illustrated'' No. 2, zane na Howard Chaykin, shafuka 67–74, Yuni 1980 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Samuel R. Delany collection {{!}} Manuscript and Archival Collection Finding Aids |url=https://library.udel.edu/special/findaids/view?docId=ead/mss0618.xml;tab=content |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008034225/https://library.udel.edu/special/findaids/view?docId=ead/mss0618.xml;tab=content |archive-date=October 8, 2023 |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=library.udel.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2022 |title=Look There, and Here: A whole lotta Chaykin goin' on... – Ragged Claws Network |url=https://raggedclaws.com/2010/10/22/look-there-and-here-a-whole-lotta-chaykin-goin-on/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211730/https://raggedclaws.com/2010/10/22/look-there-and-here-a-whole-lotta-chaykin-goin-on/ |archive-date=April 23, 2022 |access-date=April 23, 2022 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Burodi da Giya: Labarin Batsa na New York'', zane na Mia Wolff, gabatarwa ta Alan Moore, 1999 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bread &amp; Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York Updated Edition |url=https://www.fantagraphics.com/products/bread-wine-an-erotic-tale-of-new-york-updated-edition |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Fantagraphics |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bread &amp; Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York Updated Edition |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/bread-wine-samuel-r-delany/1147426048}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Takaitattun Labarai ====

* ''Quark/1'' (1970) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker )
* ''Quark/2'' (1971) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker)
* ''Quark/3'' (1971) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker)
* ''Quark/4'' (1971) (an gyara shi da Marilyn Hacker)
* ''Masu Nasara na Nebula 13'' (1980)
* ''Fifties Fictions'' (2003), (an gyara tare da Josh Lukin),  Ya haɗa da rubutun 2003 mai taken &quot;Saurin Sauyi.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=No. 18 Fifties Fictions {{!}} Paradoxa |url=https://paradoxa.com/no-18-fifties-fictions/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Labarai na Almara ===

==== Ayyuka masu mahimmanci ====

* ''[[The Jewel-hinged Jaw|Muƙamuƙin Jawo-jawo]] : Bayani Kan Harshen Almarar Kimiyya'' (Dragon Press, 1977; bugu da aka sake duba na Wesleyan University Press 2009, tare da gabatarwa daga Matthew Cheney  )
* ''[[The American Shore|Tekun Amurka]] : Tunani akan Labarin Almara na Kimiyya'' (Dragon Press, 1978; Wesleyan University Press 2014, tare da gabatarwa daga Matthew Cheney  )
* ''[[Starboard Wine|Ruwan inabi na Starboard]] : Ƙarin Bayani Kan Harshen Almarar Kimiyya'' (Dragon Press, 1984; Wesleyan University Press, 2012, tare da gabatarwa daga Matthew Cheney  )
* ''Wagner/Artaud: Wasan kwaikwayo na Almarar Tarihi na ƙarni na 19 da 20'' (Ansatz Press, 1988),  
* ''Mashigar Messina'' (1989), 
* ''Hira da Ba a San Komai Ba'' (1995), 
* ''Ra'ayoyi Masu Dogon Lokaci'' (1996) tare da gabatarwar Kenneth R. James, 
* [http://www.nyrsf.com/racism-and-science-fiction-.html &quot;Wariyar launin fata da Almarar Kimiyya&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526124207/https://www.nyrsf.com/racism-and-science-fiction-.html |date=2025-05-26 }} (1998), ''Bitar New York ta Almarar Kimiyya'', Fitowa ta 120.
* ''Ra'ayoyi Masu Gajeru'' (1999), 
* ''Game da Rubutu'' (2005), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Writing |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819567161/about-writing/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Tattaunawa da Samuel R. Delany'' (2009), wanda Carl Freedman, Jami'ar Mississippi Press ya shirya. 
* ''Ra'ayoyi na Lokaci-lokaci, Juzu'i na 1: &quot;Ƙarin Bayani Game da Rubutu&quot; da Sauran Makaloli'' (Wesleyan University Press, 2015). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Occasional Views Volume 1 |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819579751/occasional-views-volume-1/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780819579751|&lt;bdi&gt;9780819579751&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* ''Ra'ayoyi na Lokaci-lokaci, Juzu'i na 2: &quot;Cike da Wasa&quot; da Sauran Makaloli'' (Wesleyan University Press, 2021). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Occasional Views, Volume 2 |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819579782/occasional-views-volume-2/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780819579782|&lt;bdi&gt;9780819579782&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* ''DUETS: Frederick Weston da Samuel R. Delany a cikin Tattaunawa'' ( Kamuwa da Cutar Kanjamau ta Ganuwa, 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DUETS: Frederick Weston &amp; Samuel R. Delany |url=https://visualaids.org/projects/duets-weston-delany |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Visual AIDS |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== Tunawa da haruffa ====

* ''Karin Kumallo na Samaniya'' (1979), tarihin wani gari na birnin New York a lokacin da ake kira bazara ta soyayya, 
* ''Motsin Haske a Ruwa'' (1988), tarihin abubuwan da ya faru a matsayin matashin marubucin almarar kimiyya na 'yan luwadi; wanda ya lashe kyautar Hugo, 
* ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' (NYU Press, 1999; 2019, bugu na cika shekaru 20 tare da gabatarwa daga Robert Reid-Pharr ), tattaunawa kan canje-canje a cikin hulɗar zamantakewa da jima'i a Times Square na New York,  ; 
* ''Burodi da Giya: Labarin Batsa na New York'' (1999), wani barkwanci na tarihin rayuwa wanda Mia Wolff ta zana tare da gabatarwar Alan Moore, 
* ''1984: Zaɓaɓɓun Haruffa'' (2000) tare da gabatarwa daga Kenneth R. James,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1984 [SELECTED LETTERS] . With an Introduction by Kenneth R. James by Delany, Samuel R[ay]: (2000) {{!}} Currey, L.W. Inc. ABAA/ILAB |url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/1984-SELECTED-LETTERS-Introduction-Kenneth-James/32210002804/bd |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1984 |title=1984: Selected Letters by Samuel R. Delany |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780966599817 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.publishersweekly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Neman Shiru: Mujallun Samuel R. Delany. Juzu'i na 1, 1957-1969'' (2017), wanda Kenneth R. James ya shirya kuma tare da gabatarwa,  . Wanda ya lashe kyautar Locus ta 2018 (ba almara ba) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=locusmag |date=April 30, 2018 |title=2018 Locus Awards Finalists |url=http://locusmag.com/2018/04/2018-locus-awards-finalists/ |website=locusmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Wasiku daga Amherst: Wasiku Biyar Masu Ba da Labari'' (Wesleyan University Press, 2019), tare da gabatarwa daga &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Letters from Amherst |url=https://www.weslpress.org/9780819578211/letters-from-amherst/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Wesleyan University Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nalo Hopkinson, 

==== Gabatarwa ====

* ''Kasadar Alyx'', ta Joanna Russ
* ''Mu Wanda Za Mu Yi...'', na Joanna Russ
* ''Baƙar fata ɗan luwaɗi'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Gay Man |url=https://nyupress.org/9780814775035/black-gay-man/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=NYU Press |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Robert Reid-Pharr
* ''Burning Sky, Zaɓaɓɓun Labarai'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=jameswharris |date=2022-02-18 |title=&quot;Burning Sky&quot; by Rachel Pollack |url=https://classicsofsciencefiction.com/2022/02/18/burning-sky-by-rachel-pollack/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Classics of Science Fiction |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ta [[Rahila Pollack|Rachel Pollack]]
* ''Conjuring Black Funk: Bayani Kan Al'adu, Jima'i, da Ruhaniya, Juzu'i na 1'' ta Herukhuti &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McGlotten |first=Shaka |date=2011 |title=A Review of: &quot; ''Conjuring Black Funk: Notes on Culture, Sexuality, and Spirituality,'' Volume 1 Herukhuti (Hameed Williams)&quot; |journal=Souls |volume=13 |pages=119–122 |doi=10.1080/10999949.2011.551480}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Fyaɗen Duniya'', na Theodore Sturgeon
* ''Uban Ƙarya'', na Brian Evenson (Sake bugawa a Coffee House Press, 2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Father of Lies |url=https://coffeehousepress.org/products/father-of-lies |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Coffee House Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Father Lies by Evenson Brian - AbeBooks |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/father-lies/author/evenson-brian/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.abebooks.co.uk |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Titin Glory'', na Robert A. Heinlein
* ''Fim ɗin Green Lantern tare da fim ɗin Green Arrow #1'', wanda Dennis O'Neil, Neal Adams, da Gil Kane suka fito a ciki (Paperback Library, 1972) 
* ''Allahn Microcosmic'', na Theodore Sturgeon &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Microcosmic God by Theodore Sturgeon: 9781556436598 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/175007/microcosmic-god-by-theodore-sturgeon/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''Sihiri: (Oktoba 1961-Oktoba 1967) Tatsuniyoyi Goma na Roger Zelazny'', wanda Samuel R. Delany ya zaɓa kuma ya gabatar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Magic (October 1961–October 1967) |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-ng/book/209549127/the-magic-october-1961-october-1967/roger-zelazny/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=eBooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Magic |url=https://www.samueldelany.com/the-magic |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Samuel Delany |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Masters of the Pit'', na Michael Moorcock &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Masters Of The Pit (Planet Stories Library) |url=https://redemmas.org/titles/10367-masters-of-the-pit-planet-stories-library/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=redemmas.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Masters Of The Pit (Planet Stories Library): Michael Moorcock, Samuel R. Delany: Amazon.co.uk: Books |url=http://www.amazon.co.uk/Masters-Pit-Planet-Stories-Library/dp/1601251041 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302133529/http://www.amazon.co.uk/Masters-Pit-Planet-Stories-Library/dp/1601251041 |archive-date=2009-03-02 |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.amazon.co.uk |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nebula Winners 13'', wanda Samuel R. Delany ya shirya  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nebula Winners Thirteen by Delany Samuel, First Edition - AbeBooks |url=https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/nebula-winners-thirteen/author/delany-samuel/first-edition/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Jagorar Mai Karatu ga Almarar Kimiyya'', ta Baird Searles, Martin Last, Beth Meacham, da Michael Franklin; gabatarwa ta Samuel R. Delany &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A READer's GUIDE TO SCIENCE FICTION by Baird Searles, Martin Last, Beth Meacham, Michael Franklin on Robert Gavora Fine and Rare Books |url=https://www.robertgavora.com/pages/books/50697/baird-searles-martin-last-beth-meacham-michael-franklin/a-readers-guide-to-science-fiction}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Item no longer available |url=https://www.abebooks.com/books/search |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=AbeBooks |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Sandman: Wasan Kai'', na Neil Gaiman
* ''Inuwa: Littafin Tatsuniyar Almara ta Maza Masu Luwaɗi na Asalin Afirka'', wanda Charles Rowell da Bruce Morrow suka shirya  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shade: An Anthology of Fiction by Gay Men of African Descent · Anthologies of African American Writing · DSCFF |url=https://masonlibraries.gmu.edu/dscff/s/aaaw/item/781 |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=masonlibraries.gmu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Wuraren Bidiyo: Gine-gine Takwas'', na Barbara London (Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, 1995) 

== Duba kuma ==

* Al'adun LGBT a birnin New York
* Jigogi na LGBT a cikin almarar hasashe
* Jerin mutanen LGBT daga birnin New York
* Maris ɗin alfahari na NYC
* ''Labarun Chip: Girmamawa ga Samuel R. Delany'' (2015), wanda SF da marubucin almara mai ban mamaki Nisi Shawl suka shirya, kuma marubuci kuma wanda ya kafa Rosarium Publishing, Bill Campbell ne ya buga. Tare da rubuce-rubuce da gajerun gudummawar almara daga marubuta ciki har da Kim Stanley Robinson, Eileen Gunn, Vincent Czyz, da Michael Swanwick .

== Manazarta ==

=== Ambato ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|25em}}{{Samuel R. Delany|state=collapsed}}{{Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Awards}}{{Hugo Award Best Short Story 1961–1980}}{{Nebula Award Best Novel}}{{Nebula Award Best Novelette}}{{Nebula Award for Best Short Story}}{{Inkpot Award 1990s}}{{World Fantasy Award Life Achievement}}{{Authority control}}
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    <title>Ixodes hexagonus</title>
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''''Ixodes hexagonus''''', wanda aka fi sani da sunan hedgehog tick, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UK Ticks - Institute of Infection and Global Health - University of Liverpool |url=https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/infection-and-global-health/research/zoonotic-infections/tick-activity-project/uk-ticks/ |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=www.liverpool.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; nau'in tick ne a cikin jinsin Ixodes . Yana da kwayar cutar Hedgehog na Turai.

== Bayyanawa ==
Tsuntsu na hedgehog yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, amma yana bayyana launin toka ko fari lokacin da aka cika shi. Ana iya gano shi ta hanyar tarsae na kafafu na farko. Matar da ta girma tana da halayyar zuciya- ko hexagon-shaped scutum; scutum na namiji yana rufe dukkan sashi na jiki (idiosoma), kamar yadda ya saba ga ticks masu wuya. Wani gefen gefen yana gudana tare da ɓangaren jiki, kuma ya zama bayyananne lokacin da aka cika ƙwayoyin.

== Rarraba ==
''Ixodes hexagonus'' ana samunsa a ko'ina cikin tsakiya da yammacin Turai, har zuwa gabas kamar Siberia. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, rarraba shi ba shi da yawa zuwa arewa maso yamma, yana ƙaruwa a cikin yawa zuwa kudu maso gabas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tick distribution map: Ixodes hexagonus |url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&amp;HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1317137967012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719082649/http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb%26HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1317137967012 |archive-date=19 July 2013 |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=Health Protection Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayin kwayar cutar da ke zaune a gida na hedgehog na Turai, rarraba ta tana da alaƙa da na mai karɓar bakinta da aka fi so. Hedgehogs ba shine kawai mai masaukin ba, duk da haka; ana iya samun sa a kan foxes, mustelids, karnuka da cats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ixodid Ticks: Family Ixodidae |url=http://influentialpoints.com/Gallery/Ixodid_Ticks_Ixodes.htm |access-date=29 August 2014 |website=influentialpoints.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Beichel |first=Eduard |last2=Petney |first2=Trevor N. |last3=Hassler |first3=Dieter |last4=Brückner |first4=Marcus |last5=Maiwald |first5=Matthias |date=October 1996 |title=Tick infestation patterns and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected at a veterinary clinic in Germany |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304401796009430 |journal=Veterinary Parasitology |volume=65 |issue=1-2 |pages=147–155 |doi=10.1016/0304-4017(96)00943-0 |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gida ==
''Ixodes hexagonus'' ne endophillic; yafi zama kwayar cuta. Yana ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa a cikin gida na babban mai masaukin hedgehog. Ta haka ne aka kare shi daga yanayin muhalli da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa suka fuskanta kamar ''I. ricinus''.

== Matsayi a cikin cutar Lyme ==
Tsuntsu na hedgehog wani muhimmin ajiya ne ga ƙwayoyin cuta na ''Borrelia'', wanda ke haifar da [[Ciwon Lyme|Cutar Lyme]]. Nazarin ya nuna cewa duka hedgehogs da ''I. hexagonus'' sun kai ''Borrelia''. ''I. hexagonus'' na iya aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar mai yaduwar cutar Lyme, yana watsa shi daga rundunonin hedgehog zuwa wasu kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Don haka a ƙarshe zai iya yaduwa ga manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa da mutane. ''I. hexagonus'' na iya zama mahimmanci wajen ci gaba da cutar Lyme a cikin birane inda hedgehogs ke samun kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa akai-akai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walker 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Mark David |date=11 April 2018 |title=The hedgehog tick, ''Ixodes hexagonus'' (Leach, 1815) (Acari: Ixodidae); The natural history and ecology of a nest ectoparasite |journal=Systematic and Applied Acarology |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=680 |doi=10.11158/saa.23.4.9 |s2cid=89704609}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Henri Cole</title>
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 {{Reflist}}'''Henri Cole''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga  Mayu, 1956) mawaki ne na Amurka, wanda ya wallafa tarin shayari da yawa da kuma tarihin rayuwa. An fassara  littattafansa zuwa Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya, Italiyanci,  Jamusanci, da Larabci.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Henri Cole a [[Fukuoka]], [[Japan]], ga mahaifin  Amurka da mahaifiyar Faransa-Armenia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lydon |first=Christopher |date=December 2009 |title=Out of Yearning, Order: Henri Cole's poetry |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3692/is_200405/ai_n9401647/print |access-date=2012-07-03 |website=The Huffington Post |archive-date=2009-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302081651/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3692/is_200405/ai_n9401647 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta girma a [[Virginia]]&quot; id=&quot;mwEQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Virginia&quot;&gt;Virginia,  Amurka. Mahaifinsa, dan Arewacin Carolinian, ya shiga aikin bayan  kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare kuma, yayin da yake aiki a [[Marseille]], ya sadu da mahaifiyar Cole, wacce ke aiki a PX. Tare sun zauna a Japan, [[Jamus]], [[Illinois]], [[California]], [[Nevada]], [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da  Virginia, inda Cole ya halarci makarantun jama'a da Kwalejin William da Maryamu. Ya wallafa tarin waka goma sha biyu a  Turanci.

Daga 1982 har zuwa 1988 ya kasance  babban darektan Kwalejin Waƙoƙin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Henri Cole &amp;#124; Academy of American Poets |url=http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/henri-cole}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga wannan lokacin ya rike mukamai da yawa na  koyarwa kuma ya kasance mai zane-zane a cibiyoyi daban-daban, gami da Jami'ar Brandeis, Jami'ar Columbia, Kwalejin Davidson, Jami'an gwagwalada Harvard, Jami'a ta Jihar Ohio, Kwaleji ta Reed, Kwalejin Smith, Kwalejin William da Maryamu, da Jami'an Yale. Ya yi aiki tare da masu zane-zane Jenny Holzer da [[Kiki Smith]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jenny Holzer collaborations |url=http://www.art21.org/texts/jenny-holzer/interview-jenny-holzer-collaborating-with-poet-henri-cole |access-date=26 April 2015 |website=art21.org |publisher=Art21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuma daga 2010 gwagwalada zuwa 2014, ya kasance editan waka na The New Republic . Cole a halin yanzu yana  koyarwa a Kwalejin Claremont McKenna .

== Littattafan waka ==

* 2025: ''Sauran Ƙaunar'', New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux
* 2023: Gravity da Cibiyar (Zaɓaɓɓen Sonnets, 1994-2022), New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux
* 2023: Blizzard (fassarar Jamusanci ta Henning Ahrens), Munich: Hanser Verlag, Edition Lyrik Kabinett
* 2021: Der sichtbare Mensch, Ausgewählte Gedicht (fassarar Jamusanci ta Hans Raimund), Vienna: Löcker
* 2020: Blizzard, New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blizzard |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374114381 |access-date=20 April 2020 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: Babu wani abu da za a bayyana, New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nothing to Declare |url=http://us.macmillan.com/nothingtodeclare/henricole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117183856/http://us.macmillan.com/nothingtodeclare/henricole |archive-date=17 January 2016 |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015: Le Merle, Le Loup suivi de Toucher (Fassarar Faransanci ta Claire Malroux), Paris: Sautin lokaci &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Le Merle, Le Loup |url=http://www.lebruitdutemps.fr/_auteurs/Cole/HenriCole.htm |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Le bruit du temps}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: Touch, New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Touch |url=http://us.macmillan.com/author/henricole |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: Terre Médiane (Fassarar Faransanci ta Claire Malroux), Paris: Sautin lokaci &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Terre Mediane |url=http://www.lebruitdutemps.fr/_auteurs/Cole/HenriCole.htm |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Le bruit du temps}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: Mirlo y Lobo (Fassarar Mutanen Espanya ta Eduardo López Truco), Cantabria: Quálea Editorial &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 December 2010 |title=Mirlo y Lobo |url=http://www.culturamas.es/blog/2010/12/18/mirlo-y-lobo-de-henri-cole-qualea-editorial/ |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=Culturamas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: Autoritratto con Gatti (fassarar Italiyanci ta Massimo Bacigalupo), Parma: Guanda Editore &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Autoitratto con Gatti |url=http://www.guanda.it/scheda.asp?editore=Guanda&amp;idlibro=6993&amp;titolo=AUTORITRATTO+CON+GATTI |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024032/http://www.guanda.it/scheda.asp?editore=Guanda&amp;idlibro=6993&amp;titolo=AUTORITRATTO+CON+GATTI |archive-date=2015-09-24 |access-date=2015-04-15 |website=Guanda Editore}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: ''Pierce the Skin (Zaɓaɓɓen Waƙoƙi, 1982-2007) '', New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pierce the Skin |url=http://us.macmillan.com/author/henricole |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: La Apariencia de la Cosas (fassarar Mutanen Espanya ta Eduardo López Truco), Cantabria: Quálea Editorial &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 April 2009 |title=La Apariencia de la Cosas |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-apariencia-de-las-cosas-antologia-poetica/9788493690908/1252431 |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=Casa del Libro}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007: ''Blackbird da Wolf'', New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blackbird and Wolf |url=http://us.macmillan.com/blackbirdandwolf/henricole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726170116/http://us.macmillan.com/blackbirdandwolf/henricole |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2005: Vingt-Deux Poèmes (Fassarar Faransanci ta Claire Malroux), Paris: Yvon Lambert &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vingt-Deux Poems |url=http://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/ouvrage.php?id=1303&amp;menu= |access-date=17 April 2015 |website=lesoressesdureel.com |publisher=Les presses du reel}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2003: ''Tsakiyar Duniya'', New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Middle Earth |url=http://us.macmillan.com/middleearth/henricole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726170213/http://us.macmillan.com/middleearth/henricole |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1998: Mutumin da ake gani, New York: Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Visible Man |url=http://us.macmillan.com/thevisibleman/henricole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726170221/http://us.macmillan.com/thevisibleman/henricole |archive-date=2018-07-26 |access-date=2015-04-15 |website=Macmillan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1995: Dubi Abubuwa 
* 1989: The Zoo Wheel of Knowledge &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1989 |title=The Zoo Wheel of Knowledge |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/150311.The_Zoo_Wheel_of_Knowledge |access-date=17 April 2015 |website=goodreads.com |publisher=Good Reads}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1986: ''Sarauniyar Marmara'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1986 |title=The Marble Queen |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/824641.The_Marble_Queen |access-date=17 April 2015 |website=goodreads.com |publisher=Good Reads}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai masu rubutu ==

* 2020: باريس الأورفيّة: السّياحة الأدبية في باريس (''Orphic Paris'', fassarar Larabci ta Amani Lazar), Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa: Rewayat Littattafai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Orphic Paris |url=https://www.kalimatgroup.ae/en/orphic-paris.html |access-date=20 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625012335/https://kalimatgroup.ae/en/orphic-paris.html |archive-date=25 June 2022 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''Orphic Paris'', New York, Littattafan Bincike na New York &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 April 2018 |title=Orphic Paris |url=https://www.nyrb.com/products/orphic-paris?variant=53435509063 |access-date=29 December 2018 |website=New York Review Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''Paris-Orphée'' (Fassarar Faransanci ta Claire Malroux), Paris: Sautin lokaci &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Paris-Orphée |url=http://www.lebruitdutemps.fr/_auteurs/Cole/HenriCole.htm |access-date=29 December 2018 |website=Le bruit du temps}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==

* 2026 - Kyautar Masu sukar Littafin Kasa, Finalist a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Sauran Ƙaunar''
* 2021 - Gidan James Merrill, Marubuci-a-Gidan
* 2017 - Kwalejin Fasaha da Harafi ta Amurka, Zababben memba
* 2016 - Kwalejin Fasaha da Harafi ta Amurka, Kyautar Kyauta a cikin Waƙoƙi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=American Academy of Arts and Letters |url=http://www.artsandletters.org/press_releases/2016literature.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417205340/http://www.artsandletters.org/press_releases/2016literature.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2016 |access-date=15 April 2016 |website=American Academy of Arts and Letters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2014 - Cibiyar Radcliffe don Nazarin Ci gaba a Harvard, Fellow &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fellow |url=http://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/henri-cole |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012 - Kyautar Thom Gunn don Waƙoƙi don Touch,  Triangle na Buga&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Publishing Triangle Winners Unveiled&quot;, ''GalleyCat'', 04/20/2012 |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/publishing-triangle-winners-unveiled_b50462 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426141725/http://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/publishing-triangle-winners-unveiled_b50462 |archive-date=April 26, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012 - Kyautar Waƙoƙin Jackson, Waƙoƙi &amp; Marubutan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 2008 |title=Jackson Poetry Prize |url=http://www.pw.org/about-us/jackson_poetry_prize |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Poets &amp; Writers}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011 - Jami'ar Harvard Phi Beta Kappa mawaki &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 May 2011 |title=Phi Beta Kappa Poet |url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2011/05/henri-cole-joyce-carol-oates-phi-beta-kappa |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=Harvard Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011 - Kyautar Littafin Los Angeles Times, Finalist a cikin Waƙoƙi don Pierce the Skin (Zaɓaɓɓen Waƙoƙoƙi 1982-2007) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LA Times Book Award |url=http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/previous-winners/year-2010/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160158/http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/previous-winners/year-2010/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=17 April 2015 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010 - Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, zaɓaɓɓen memba &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/alphalist.pdf |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=amacad.org |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009 - Sara Teasdale Award a cikin Waƙoƙi, Kwalejin Wellesley
* 2009 - Kyautar Kasa don Fellowship na Littattafai
* 2008 - Kyautar waka ta Lenore Marshall don ''Blackbird da Wolf'', Kwalejin Waƙoƙin Amurka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize |url=http://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/lenore-marshall-poetry-prize |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=poets.org |publisher=Academy of American Poets}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008 - Kyautar Littafin Jakadanci a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Blackbird da Wolf'', Ƙungiyar Turanci ta Amurka 
* 2008 - Kyautar Littafin Massachusetts a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Blackbird da Wolf'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Massachusetts Book Award |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/29815615/press-release-massachusetts-center-for-the-book |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=yumpu.com |publisher=Massachusetts Center for the Book}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008 - Lambda Literary Award a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Blackbird da Wolf'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2007 |title=Lambda Literary Award |url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/winners-finalists/04/30/lambda-literary-awards-2007-2/#lgbtpoetry |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=lambdaliterary.org |publisher=Lambda Literary Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2007 - Masu zane-zane na Amurka Amurka Hildreth / Williams Fellow, Littattafai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=United States Artists Fellowship |url=http://www.unitedstatesartists.org/fellows//henri-cole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416164118/http://www.unitedstatesartists.org/fellows//henri-cole |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=unitedstatesartists.org |publisher=United States Artists}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Kyautar Waƙoƙin Kingsley Tufts don ''Tsakiyar Duniya'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hennessy |first=Christopher |date=May 2005 |title=An Interview by Christopher Hennessy |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3692/is_200405/ai_n9401647/print |access-date=2010-07-12 |publisher=American Poetry Review |archive-date=2009-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302081651/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3692/is_200405/ai_n9401647 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Gidauniyar Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guggenheim Fellowship |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/henri-cole/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525004419/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/henri-cole/ |archive-date=2022-05-25 |access-date=2015-04-16 |website=gf.org |publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Kyauta a cikin wallafe-wallafen, Kwalejin Fasaha da Harafi ta Amurka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Award in Literature |url=http://www.artsandletters.org/press_releases/2004literature.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416214402/http://www.artsandletters.org/press_releases/2004literature.php |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=artsandletters.org |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Letters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Kyautar Pulitzer, Finalist a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Tsakiyar Duniya'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pulitzer |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Poetry |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=pulitzer.org |publisher=Pulitzer |archive-date=4 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104203419/http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Poetry |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Kyautar Littafin Los Angeles Times, Finalist a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Tsakiyar Duniya'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LA Times Book Award |url=http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/press-releases/2004-03-09/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922082938/http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/press-releases/2004-03-09/ |archive-date=2015-09-22 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2004 - Kyautar Littafin Massachusetts a cikin Waƙoƙi don ''Tsakiyar Duniya'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Massachusetts Book Award |url=http://www.bpl.org/research/adultbooklists/massbookawards04.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416165549/http://www.bpl.org/research/adultbooklists/massbookawards04.htm |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=bpl.org |publisher=Boston Public Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2001 - Hukumar Abokantaka ta Japan-Amurka, Creative Artist Fellowship &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Japan Fellowship |url=http://www.jusfc.gov/grant_program/biennial-reports/2001-2002-biennial-report/ |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=jusfc.gov |publisher=Japan-United States Friendship Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2000 - Kyautar Berlin, Kwalejin Amurka a Berlin &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Berlin Prize |url=http://www.americanacademy.de/home/alumni/alumni-directory?page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416164717/http://www.americanacademy.de/home/alumni/alumni-directory?page=1 |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=americanacademy.de |publisher=American Academy in Berlin}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1995 - Kyautar Roma a cikin wallafe-wallafen, Kwalejin Fasaha da Harafi ta Amurka 
* 1993 - Kyautar Kasa don Fellowship na Littattafai &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NEA Fellowship |url=http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/NEA_lit.pdf |website=arts.gov |publisher=National Endowment for the Arts}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1989 - Amy Lowell Poetry Traveling Scholarship &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amy Lowell Poetry Travelling Scholarship |url=http://www.amylowell.org/past_recipients.htm |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=amylowell.org |publisher=Choate, Hall &amp; Stewart}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1985 - Kyautar Gidauniyar Ingram Merrill (kuma 1990) 

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Cole a bayyane yake ɗan luwaɗi, gwagwalada kodayake a cikin aikinsa na farko ya juya zuwa &quot;al'ada a matsayin abin rufe fuska don rubutawa game da ra'ayoyin sirri. &quot;  Ya fito ne yayin da &quot;ya ji bukatar gwagwalada yin magana a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi&quot;, tun har zuwa kwanan nan al'umma ba ta ƙarfafa mu ƙaunaci juna ba, aure, da kuma gwagwalada samun yara. Don haka idan ina da ɗabi'a, kawai ya zama gaskiya, amma ba a kan kuɗin asalin harshe ba. &quot;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]]</text>
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    <title>Hasumiyar Hasumiya</title>
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'''Kamfanin Lighthouse Labs''' wani kamfani ne na ilimin fasaha wanda ke ba da sansanonin horar da ɗalibai na tsawon makonni 12 don haɓaka yanar gizo da kimiyyar bayanai, da kuma darussan haɓaka ƙwarewa na ɗan lokaci, tare da wurare a faɗin [[Kanada]] . A shekarun baya, sun shirya taron koyon-da-lambobi kyauta na shekara-shekara, The HTML500, tare da haɗin gwiwar Telus . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2015 |title=The HTML500 Bootcamp Teaches Free Coding To Promote Digital Literacy |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/01/26/html500-vancouver_n_6542302.html |website=huffingtonpost.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin ya horar da ɗalibai sama da 40,000 tun lokacin da aka kafa shi.

A watan Janairun 2025, Uvaro, wani kamfani mai suna Certified B Corp wanda ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ma'aikata, ya sanar da sayen Lighthouse Labs; ba a bayyana sharuɗɗa ba.  Lighthouse Labs yana aiki a matsayin reshen Uvaro.

== Wurare ==

=== Vancouver ===
An buɗe sansanin horar da matasa na farko na Lighthouse Labs a shekarar 2013, daga Launch Academy, wani wurin horar da matasa a unguwar Gastown da ke birnin, kafin daga baya ya koma sabon ginin da ke tsakiyar birnin Vancouver a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joseph Czikk |date=3 September 2013 |title=New Vancouver-Based Coding Academy to launch this fall |url=http://betakit.com/new-vancouver-based-coding-academy-lighthouse-labs-to-launch-this-fall/ |website=betakit.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya bayar da shirin ci gaban yanar gizo na cikakken lokaci da kuma sansanin horar da matasa na Kimiyyar Bayanai na tsawon makonni 12.

=== Toronto ===
A matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwar ƙasa tare da Highline, dandalin saka hannun jari na tsaba, Lighthouse Labs ya ƙaddamar da ayyukansa na Toronto a watan Fabrairun 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;Toronto Is Awesome&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Toronto's Newest Tech Bootcamp Will Change Your Career Forever |url=[suspicious link removed] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516161031/http://www.torontoisawesome.com/lifestyle/torontos-newest-tech-bootcamp-will-change-your-career-forever |archive-date=2015-05-16 |access-date=2015-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana cikin Devhub a cikin garin Toronto, yana ɗaya daga cikin sansanonin masu haɓakawa da yawa waɗanda ke ba da damar ilmantarwa ga mutane a cikin Babban Yankin Toronto.&lt;ref name=&quot;HackerYou&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 June 2015 |title=Learn to Code in 2015: A List of Toronto's In-Person Learning Opportunities |url=http://hackeryou.com/learn-to-code-in-2015-a-list-of-torontos-in-person-learning-opportunities/ |access-date=2015-06-11 |website=HackerYou}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Montreal ===
Yin aiki daga Spaces Mile End, Lighthouse Labs Montreal ya ba da Bootcamp na Kimiyya na Bayanai na Makonni 12, Bootcamp na Ci gaban Yanar Gizo na Makonni 12.

=== Victoria ===
Kamfanin Lighthouse Labs, wanda ke tsakiyar birnin Victoria a KWENCH, ya haɗu da wasu ƙungiyoyi a yankin kamar Viatech da Ladies Learning Code. Wurin Victoria yana gudanar da sansanin horar da ci gaban yanar gizo da sansanin horar da kimiyyar bayanai sau biyu a shekara da kuma shirye-shiryen nazarin yanar gizo da bayanai guda uku na tsawon makonni 6.

=== Calgary ===
A watan Afrilun 2015, Lighthouse Labs ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri na 'pop-up' a Calgary ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da Highline. Asalinsa shiri ne na ɗan lokaci na makonni 6, ya girma zuwa harabar tauraron ɗan adam wanda ke ba da darussa na cikakken lokaci da na ɗan lokaci a fannin ci gaba na gaba da na baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;HIGHLINE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Partnership with Highline |url=http://www.highline.vc/articles/highline-lighthouse-labs/ |access-date=2015-06-10 |archive-date=2015-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613070354/http://www.highline.vc/articles/highline-lighthouse-labs/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Lighthouse Labs Calgary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lighthouse Labs Calgary |url=https://lighthouselabs.ca/calgary |access-date=2015-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712023319/https://lighthouselabs.ca/calgary |archive-date=2015-07-12 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ottawa ===
Kamfanin Lighthouse Labs ya dauki nauyin darussan na ɗan lokaci a Bayview Yards kuma ya dauki nauyin Bootcamp don zama mai haɓaka shirye-shirye cikin makonni 12 a Spaces Laurier.

== Fatara da rufewa ==
Haɗin gwiwar da Uvaro bai yi nasara ba. Watanni bakwai bayan siyan, a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2025, Lighthouse Labs da kamfaninta na asali, Uvaro, sun shigar da ƙarar fatara kuma nan take suka dakatar da ayyukansu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bankruptcy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alex Riehl |date=August 15, 2025 |title=Bankruptcy docs claim faltering sales pipeline sunk Uvaro and Lighthouse Labs post acquisition |url=https://betakit.com/bankruptcy-docs-claim-faltering-sales-pipeline-sunk-uvaro-and-lighthouse-labs-post-acquisition/ |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=BetaKit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Takardun fatarar sun nuna cewa kamfanin ba shi da isasshen kuɗin shiga da zai ci gaba da zama mai ƙarfi. An danganta rugujewar da gazawar manyan damarmakin bututun mai, ciki har da kudaden shiga da ake hasashen samu daga yarjejeniyar kwangilar gwamnati da ake sa ran samu da kuma tallace-tallacen da ake hasashen samu, waɗanda ba su cika sharuddan da aka tsara ba. Wannan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga ya haifar da raguwar kuɗaɗen shiga sosai, duk da tsauraran matakan rage farashi.

A lokacin fatara, Lighthouse Labs tana da kadarori da basussukan da suka kai kimanin dala $230,000 sama da dala miliyan 3. An kori dukkan ma'aikatan kamfanonin biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Bankruptcy&quot;/&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Coursera
* Mai Haɗa Bayanai
* Cibiyar Kodecami
* Kwalejin Khan
* Babban Taro
* Lynda.com
* Kwalejin Manhaja
* Bloc (makarantar lambar)

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Hedda Morrison</title>
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'''Hedwig Marie''' &quot; '''Hedda''' &quot; '''Morrison''' ( née Hammer ; 13 Disamba 1908 - 3 Disamba 1991) ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ya ƙirƙiri hotuna masu muhimmanci na tarihi na [[Beijing]], [[Hong Kong]] da [[Sarawak]] daga shekarun 1930 zuwa 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maxwell |first=Anne |last2=Grondas |first2=Morfia |last3=Van |first3=Lucy |date=4 July 2017 |title=Morrison, Hedda - Woman - The Australian Women's Register |url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE5976b.htm |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=National Foundation for Australian Women and The University of Melbourne |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Hedda Hammer a [[Stuttgart]], 13 ga Disamba, 1908, shi kaɗai ne ɗan'uwan ƙani Siegfried a cikin wani iyali mai arziki wanda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a wani kamfanin buga littattafai.  Annobar cutar shan inna a shekarar 1911-12 ta shafi tsayinta da tafiyarta, kuma wani babban tiyata da aka yi mata don gyara tasirinta, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; ya kawo wasu matsalolin lafiya da za su shafe ta har abada.  Tana da shekaru 11 an ba ta kyamarar Box Brownie wanda hakan ya ba ta kwarin gwiwar zama mai ɗaukar hoto.

== Horar da daukar hoto ==
Bayan karatun sakandare a Königin Katherina Stift Gymnasium für Mädchen, Stuttgart, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=School report |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131802 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029162400/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131802 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta fara karatu a fannin likitanci a [[Jami'ar Innsbruck]], Austria, amma ta rinjaye iyayenta don shigar da ita (1929-31) a Cibiyar Nazarin Hoto na Jiha ( Bayerische füsenlehchtrand ) [[München|a]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Report from Bavarian State Institute for Photography |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131816 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Makarantar daukar hoto mafi tsufa ta Bavaria, wacce ta kammala kwas ɗin satifiket kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta uku a gasar ɗalibai a 1931. A lokacin da take ɗaliba, an buga hotunanta marasa inganci a cikin littafin Walter de Sager's ''Making Pottery,'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=de Sager |first=Walter |date=1934 |title='Making pottery' book |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131804 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029134638/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131804 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ke nuna sha'awarta a cikin, da kuma takardun aikin hannu a Kudancin Asiya. 

An horar da Hammer a lokacin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci]] a cikin ɗakunan kasuwanci na Adolf Lazi mai ƙwarewa a fasaha a Stuttgart 1931–2, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Portrait of Hedda' by Adolf Lazi |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131778 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031219/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131778 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  duk da cewa bai iya ɗaukar ta aiki ba saboda rikicin tattalin arziki, &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fraulein Hedda Hammer Stuttagrt worked as a volunteer in my studio from September 1, 1931 to August 30, 1932. There was no employment relationship. Fraulein Hammer wanted to have a practical year in my atelier following her studies at the State Institute for Photography in Munich. Her professional skills have strengthened extremely well in this practical year of work and, with suitable professional use, can be expected to perform well. Unfortunately, economic conditions do not allow her to continue to be used as a paid worker. I wish Fraulein Hammer the very best of future.&quot; {{Cite web |title=Work reference, Lazi Studio, Stuttgart |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131811 |access-date=2020-10-27 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019221535/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131811 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; don haka ta nemi ƙarin ƙwarewa a Olga Linckelmann Photographische Werkstätte, Hamburg a 1932.  Duk da cewa an horar da ita kan kyawun Sabon Tsarin Zamani na wannan lokacin wanda ya haɓaka tsarin tsarin mulki, sha'awarta ta kasance ga tarihin al'adun mutane; tana yin rikodin kayan gargajiya na Jamusanci ''na Volk'' a cikin yanayin muhallin karkararsu a cikin hotuna arba'in da huɗu marasa kyau da ta adana kuma ta tsara &quot;Trachtenfest, Stuttgart 1931&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hedda Morrison, b. 1908 |url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/people/hedda-morrison-1908/ |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=National Portrait Gallery people}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hammer (Morrison) |first=Hedda |title=Woman in sheer bonnet at the Stuttgart Folk Festival |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/121712 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029144600/https://collection.maas.museum/object/121712 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kayan kwalliyarta, wadda aka yi ta yi a tsawon aikinta, haɗa waɗannan fannoni ne, zane-zane, da aka tsara da kuma takardar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ba ta ga yanayin siyasa ko tattalin arziki a Jamus ya yi mata daɗi ba, kuma wani labarin taurari ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi doguwar tafiya,  a shekarar 1933, Hammer ta ɗauki matsayi a China don kula da Hartung's Photo Shop, wani ɗakin daukar hoto na kasuwanci mallakar Jamus da ke 3 Legation Street, a tsohon yankin diflomasiyya na birnin da aka sani da Beiping a lokacin. Tana da alhakin ɗaukar hotuna na gida goma sha bakwai kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta koyi yin magana da yaren [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin na kasar Sin]] da kuma ɗan Cantonese, kuma a lokacin hutunta ta yi balaguro ita kaɗai zuwa sassan arewacin China.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1938, saboda mamayar da Japan ta yi wa birnin, Hartung's ya kasa ci gaba da ɗaukarta aiki. A matsayinsa na Bajamushe (ƙasar ƙawance ce ta Japan), kuma ba kamar sauran Turawa da aka kora ba, Morrison ya ji daɗin 'yanci kuma ya yi aiki daga gida a Titin Nanchang a matsayin mai zaman kansa yana sayar da kundin waƙoƙi da kwafi ɗaya na ra'ayoyi da na sana'o'in hannu ga masu yawon buɗe ido masu wadata. Duk da cewa rayuwa tana cikin mawuyacin hali, ta hanyar 'yan uwanta 'yan ƙasashen waje, ta sami aiki daga 1938 zuwa 40 tana samo kayayyakin tarihi ga wata attajiri 'yar Burtaniya a fannin fasaha da sana'o'in hannu ta ƙasar Sin, Caroline Frances Bieber a Beiheyan,  wacce ta tattara don Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn da ke New York, don haka Morrison ta sami damar ci gaba da tafiye-tafiyenta a cikin ƙasar har zuwa shekarun 1940. 

Game da tafiye-tafiyenta shi kaɗai, Morrison ta lura cewa; &quot;Halin da 'yan China ke nunawa mata mai tafiya ita kaɗai ba zai fi dacewa ko taimako ba, kuma ina haɗuwa da ladabi duk inda na je.&quot;  Tare da Bieber da marubuciya Beatrice Kates, ta tattara takardun kayan gida nata na shekarun 1937-8 don wani aiki da aka buga a 1948.  Hotunanta na gine-gine da rayuwar yau da kullum ta kasar Sin da aka yi tsakanin 1933 da 1946, an nuna su a cikin jerin littattafai, waɗanda suka fara da littafin Alfred Hoffman mai ''suna Nanking'' (1945) da kuma nata ''Hua Shan'' (1974). Suna kiyaye bayyanar Peking kafin rushewar da lalatawar da ta fara da lalata ganuwar birnin a ƙarƙashin mulkin Maoist . 

== Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya ==
A shekarar 1941,  Hammer ya haɗu da Alastair Morrison a Peking, inda aka haife shi,  ɗan wakilin London ''Times'' a Peking, ɗan Australiya [[George Ernest Morrison]] wanda ya ba da rahoto game da Tawayen 'Yan Dambe .  Yayin da yake hidima a lokacin [[Yakin Pacific|yaƙin Pacific,]] ta zauna a gidan wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Faransa. Ta auri Morrison a shekarar 1946 kuma sun bar rikicin da ya barke a China jim kaɗan bayan haka, da farko sun tafi Hong Kong na tsawon watanni shida sannan suka tafi [[Sarawak]], inda Alastair ya zama jami'in gundumar gwamnati a lokacin da aka yi rikici a ƙarƙashin [[Mulkin sarauta|ikon mallakar Burtaniya]] (1946-61). A tsawon shekaru 20 da ta shafe tana Sarawak, da kuma yin balaguron daukar hoto mai zaman kanta wanda ya haifar da littattafanta ''Sarawak'' (1957) da ''Life in a Longhouse'' (1962), daga 1960 zuwa 66 ta ɗauki hotuna a madadin Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Gwamnati, Kuching, kuma ta horar da masu ɗaukar hoto na sashen. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Hedda Morrison photographs, [ca. 1950-1985] 2007-2015. |url=https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM04516.html |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=rmc.library.cornell.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419173809/https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM04516.html |archive-date=2022-04-19 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ostiraliya ==
A shekarar 1967, iyalan Morrisons suka ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya kuma inda suka zauna a [[Kanberra|Canberra]], inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa ga Hukumar Ba da Bayani ta Ostiraliya . A shekarar 1990, ƙungiyar masu daukar hoto ta Canberra ta sanya ta zama memba ta rayuwa. 

== Daukar hoto ==
A lokacin da take a Beijing, Morrison ta ɗauki hotuna da yawa na tsohon birnin da mutanensa, haikali da kasuwanni kuma ta ci gaba da yin rikodin muhalli da al'adun ƙasashen da take zaune a ciki. Da yawa daga cikin waɗanda take ɗaukar hotunansu suna ɓacewa yayin da take ɗaukar hotunansu; wayewar ƙasar Sin a ƙarƙashin mamayar Japan da kuma kafin Kwaminisanci; Hong Kong ta sauya daga tasirin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba a kan al'adun gargajiya; da kuma Ibans da suka ɓace da dogayen gidajensu a Sarawak.

A lokacin da take ɗalibi kuma ga wasu daga cikin ayyukanta na Sinanci, ta yi amfani da Linhof Satzplasmat 9 x 12.&amp;nbsp;Kyamarar fim ɗin cm. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Linhof Satzplasmat camera and accessories |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/121767 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029092754/https://collection.maas.museum/object/121767 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Har sai da ta fara amfani da launuka a shekarun 1950, ta yi hotuna baƙi da fari kawai tare da Rolleiflex da Rollecord ɗinta na matsakaicin tsari, tare da ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun, kuma tana ɗauke da kayan aiki kawai da kuma matattarar ruwan tabarau.  Ba kasafai take amfani da walƙiya ko ƙarin haske ba, sannan sai ta yi amfani da walƙiya kawai.  Ta buga nata aikin, kuma a Hong Kong ta sayar da katunan gaisuwa na ra'ayoyinta game da birni, waɗanda aka buga da yawa a cikin ɗakinta mai duhu. A Sarawak, inda ma'auratan ba su da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da batirin mota, dole ta kunna fitilar ƙara girmanta daga batirin mota, kuma tana da hanyoyin da za ta kare ƙwayoyinta daga lalacewa a yanayin zafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Heike Behrend</title>
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'''Heike Behrend''' (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1947, a Stralsund ) ƙwararriyar masaniyar zamantakewar ɗan adam ce ta Jamus, ƙwararriya a fannin nazarin Afirka da kafofin watsa labarai. Daga 1994 zuwa 2012, farfesa ce a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka da Masar a Jami'ar Cologne . Aikinta na kimiyya ya dogara ne akan aikinta a ƙasashen Afirka, musamman [[Kenya]] da [[Uganda]] . Bincikenta ya mayar da hankali ne kan ayyukan ibada, addini, da kuma tunawa, inda ta binciko hanyoyin da ke tsakanin imani na gida na Afirka da kuma tasirin duniya. Bugu da ƙari, ta bayar da gudummawa da dama a kan bincike da kuma shirya nune-nunen daukar hoto a Afirka.

== Rayuwa da aiki ==

=== Aikin ilimi ===
Behrend ya yi karatun ilimin zamantakewa, [[Kimiyar al'umma|zamantakewa]] da kuma addini a LMU Munich, Jami'ar Vienna, da kuma Jami'ar Free ta Berlin . Bayan kammala karatunta a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin a shekarar 1973, ta yi horo kan harkar shirya fina-finai a Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin daga 1980 zuwa 1984.  A shekarar 1987, ta sami digirin digirgir na uku (PhD) daga Jami'ar Free University of Berlin tare da takardar digirin ''Die Zeit geht krumme Wege.'' ''Raum, Zeit und Ritual bei den Tugen a Kenia (Space, Time and Ritual of the Tugen in Kenya'' ). A shekarar 1992, ta sami takardar shaidar zama likita daga Jami'ar Bayreuth tare da takardar digirin ''yaƙi a Arewacin Uganda.'' ''Motsin Ruhu Mai Tsarki na [[Alice Auma Lakwena|Alice Lakwena]]'' . 

In Germany, Behrend taught at the Institutes of Ethnology at the Free University of Berlin, the University of Bayreuth, and the University of Mainz. After a visiting professorship at the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales in Paris in May 1994, she became a tenured professor at the Institute for African Studies at the University of Cologne. During various visiting professorships and senior fellowships, she taught again at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in Paris in 1997, and in 2003 at the Programme of African Studies (PAS) of Northwestern University, Evanston, USA. In 2007, she pursued research at the International Research Center for Cultural Studies in [[Vienna]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fellow - Heike Behrend - IFK |url=https://www.ifk.ac.at/fellows-detail/heike-behrend.html |access-date=2020-05-11 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023055631/http://www.ifk.ac.at/fellows-detail/heike-behrend.html |archive-date=2020-10-23 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in 2010 at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in Japan.

Binciken Behrend ya fi mayar da hankali kan [[Shahararrun al'adu|al'adun da suka shahara]] a Afirka, dangantakar da ke tsakanin addini, yaƙi, da tashin hankali. Ta gudanar da aikin gona a [[Gabashin Afirka]], musamman a Kenya da Uganda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Heike Behrend – AMESA |url=https://amesa.library.columbia.edu/scholars/view/73 |access-date=2020-05-11 |archive-date=2020-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513194651/https://amesa.library.columbia.edu/scholars/view/73 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tafiye-tafiyen da ta yi na bincike sun kai ta [[Najeriya]], [[Ghana]], da sauran ƙasashen Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan bincike na farko na Behrend an gudanar da shi ne a Kenya, inda ta yi nazarin al'ummar Tugen . A cikin ''littafin Mallakar Ruhi, Zamani da Iko a Afirka,'' ta yi nazari kan yadda ake amfani da mallakar ruhi da al'adu a matsayin hanyoyin juriya da kuma jurewa a yayin da ake fuskantar sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da siyasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2001 |title=Reviews: Behrend, Heike and Luig, Ute (eds.), Spirit Possession, Modernity and Power in Africa |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/4/article-p480_6.xml |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=480–491 |doi=10.1163/157006601X00284 |issn=0022-4200 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin ''Alice Lakwena da Ruhohin Tsarki.'' ''Yaƙin Arewacin Uganda daga 1986–97,'' ta yi nazarin tarihin rayuwar [[Alice Auma Lakwena|Alice Lakwena]] mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a Acholi da kuma tarihin Motsin Ruhu Mai Tsarki a Uganda daga mahangar zamantakewa ta ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bräunlein |first=Peter J. |date=1995 |title=Review of Heike Behrend: Alice und die Geister. Krieg im Norden Ugandas. 1993 |url=https://tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/107909/Br%C3%A4unlein_118a.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de/ |pages=306–308 |format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin gabatarwarsa ga fassarar Turanci, farfesa a fannin ilimin ɗan adam na Jami'ar Yale, John FM Middleton, ya yi maraba da cikakken bayanin Behrend game da tsarin cikin gida na ƙungiyar. 

Tarihin rayuwarta na 2020 ''Menschwerdung eines Affen.'' ''Eine Autobiografie der ethnografischen Forschung'' ( ''Incarnation of an Ape. An Autobiography of Ethnographic Research'' ) an yaba masa sosai.  An ba shi kyautar Bikin Baje Kolin Littattafai na Leipzig na 2021  kuma an buga shi da harsunan Italiyanci da Sifaniyanci. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Kirsten John-Stucke</title>
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'''Kirsten John-Stucke''' (an haife shi a 1966 a Unna) masanin tarihin Jamus ne, marubucin da ba na almara ba, kuma darektan Gidan kayan gargajiya na Wewelsburg Museum . Ita ce edita na takardu da yawa game da tarihin Wewelsburg a lokacin National Socialist da kuma tarihin sansanin Niederhagen. An mayar da hankali ga aikinta a cikin al'adun tunawa, aikin tunawa da ilimi, da kuma sake tsara Wewelsburg Memorial da Museum daga 1933 zuwa 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunkkultur.de |title=Burg Wewelsburg in Nordrhein-Westfalen - Die Burg des Bösen |url=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/burg-wewelsburg-in-nordrhein-westfalen-die-burg-des-boesen-100.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Deutschlandfunk Kultur |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Kirsten John ta halarci Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster don nazarin tarihin zamani da na zamani, karatun Jamusanci, da aikin jarida. A lokacin karatunta a shekarar 1990, ta kammala aikin horarwa a Kreismuseum Wewelsburg kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 1993 a matsayin mataimakiyar ilimi don takardun 'Wewelsburg 1933 - 1945: Cult and Terror Site of the SS'.Rubutun ta na biyu ya mayar da hankali kan masu binciken Littafi Mai-Tsarki masu tsanani daga cikin fursunonin sansanin Wewelsburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kirsten John-Stucke neue Leiterin des Kreismuseums Wewelsburg - Kreismuseum Wewelsburg |url=https://www.wewelsburg.de/de/aktuelles/meldungen/2011-08-02-Kirsten-John-Stucke-neue-Leiterin-des-Kreismuseums-Wewelsburg.php |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.wewelsburg.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi shekaru biyu a [[Bremerhaven]], tana gudanar da horo na kimiyya a gidan kayan gargajiya na Morgenstern, Gidan Tarihi na birnin Bremerhaven . Tun daga shekara ta 1995, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike a Kreismuseum Wewelsburg, inda ta yi aiki ne a matsayin mataimakin darakta daga shekara ta 1999. Bayan rasuwar darektan gidan kayan gargajiya na dogon lokaci Wulff E. Brebeck, ta ɗauki matsayin darektan kayan gargajiya a shekara ta 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Heimatkreis Meseritz e.V. |url=https://www.heimatkreis-meseritz.de/3_43.htm |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.heimatkreis-meseritz.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, tana gudanar da bincike da rubuce-rubuce game da tarihin sansanin fursunoni na Niederhagen da kungiyoyin fursunoni daban-daban. A cikin jerin shirye-shiryen ZDF 'Böse Bauten' (Ginin Mugunta), Kirsten John-Stucke ya bayyana yadda ake kula da gine-ginen Nazi a Wewelsburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kirsten John-Stucke neue Leiterin des Kreismuseums Wewelsburg - Kreismuseum Wewelsburg |url=https://www.wewelsburg.de/de/aktuelles/meldungen/2011-08-02-Kirsten-John-Stucke-neue-Leiterin-des-Kreismuseums-Wewelsburg.php |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.wewelsburg.de |language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wewelsburg.de/de/aktuelles/meldungen/2011-08-02-Kirsten-John-Stucke-neue-Leiterin-des-Kreismuseums-Wewelsburg.php &quot;Kirsten John-Stucke neue Leiterin des Kreismuseums Wewelsburg - Kreismuseum Wewelsburg&quot;]. ''www.wewelsburg.de'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-11-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hitlers Architektur - Spuren vom Westwall bis zur Autobahn |url=https://www.zdf.de/uri/8d58342f-5c19-4d76-9b41-5362686eb701 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.zdf.de |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kirsten John-Stucke memba ne na kwamitin aiki na Ƙungiyar Tunawa da Nazi a Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia, wani ɓangare na kwamitin ba da shawara na aikin kimiyya na NS Documentation Vogelsang, kuma memba ne na hukumar ba da shawara ta Paderborn Antiquities Association .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NS-Dokumentation Vogelsang - Vogelsang IP – Internationaler Platz |url=https://vogelsang-ip.de/de/leitmarken/ns-dokumentation-vogelsang/ns-dokumentation-vogelsang/bestimmung-herrenmensch.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=vogelsang-ip.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-05-14 |title=Vorstands und Beirat gewählt {{!}} Altertumsverein Paderborn |url=https://altertumsverein-paderborn.de/2019/05/14/mitgliederversammlung-in-minden/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kirsten John-Stucke ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Heimatkreis Meseritz e.V. |url=https://www.heimatkreis-meseritz.de/3_43.htm |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.heimatkreis-meseritz.de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.heimatkreis-meseritz.de/3_43.htm &quot;Heimatkreis Meseritz e.V.&quot;] ''www.heimatkreis-meseritz.de''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-11-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iris Hanika</title>
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'''Iris Hanika''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1962) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika &amp;#124; EU Prize for Literature |url=http://www.euprizeliterature.eu/authors/iris-hanika |website=www.euprizeliterature.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haife ta a [[Würzburg]], ta girma a Bad Königshofen kuma ta zauna a [[Berlin]] tun 1979, inda ta yi karatun Universal and Comparative Literature a FU Berlin . &lt;ref name=&quot;EU Prize for Literature&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika |url=https://euprizeliterature.eu/author/iris-hanika |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=EU Prize for Literature |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205160345/https://euprizeliterature.eu/author/iris-hanika |archive-date=5 December 2023 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;LiteraturPort&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika – Autorenlexikon |url=https://www.literaturport.de/lexikon/iris-hanika/ |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=LiteraturPort |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Munzinger&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Iris+Hanika/0/28319.html |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=Munzinger Biographie |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa na yau da kullun ga littattafan Jamusanci kamar ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' (mai zaman kansa na Berliner Seiten) da ''Merkur'' (2000–2008: shafi na Tarihi). Hanika ta lashe kyautar LiteraTour Nord da kuma kyautar EU for Literature saboda littafinta mai suna ''Das Eigentliche'' ( ''The Bottom Line'' ). A cikin 2020, an ba ta Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis don littafinta na ''Echos Kammern'' . A shekarar 2021, ta lashe kyautar bikin baje kolin littattafai na Leipzig . &lt;ref name=&quot;ZEIT ONLINE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika gewinnt Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse |url=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/literatur/2021-05/leipziger-buchmesse-belletristik-iris-hanika-echos-kammern |access-date=28 May 2021 |website=ZEIT ONLINE |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hanika ta rubuta gajerun rubuce-rubuce marasa almara a baya, daga baya kuma ta rubuta littattafai, ciki har da littattafai biyu kan nazarin halayyar ɗan adam . &lt;ref name=&quot;Villa Massimo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika |url=https://www.villamassimo.de/de/stipendiaten/iris-hanika |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=Villa Massimo |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==

* Kyautar Hans Fallada ta 2006 &lt;ref name=&quot;Literaturverlag Droschl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iris Hanika |url=https://www.droschl.com/autor/iris-hanika/ |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=Literaturverlag Droschl |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar 2010 na Tarayyar Turai don adabi don ''Das Eigentliche'' &lt;ref name=&quot;Literaturverlag Droschl&quot; /&gt;
* 2011 {{Interlanguage link|Preis der LiteraTour Nord|de}} na ''Das Eigentliche'' &lt;ref name=&quot;Literaturverlag Droschl&quot; /&gt;
* 2017/2018 Villa Massimo &lt;ref name=&quot;Villa Massimo&quot;/&gt;
* 2020 Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis na ''Echos Kammern'' &lt;ref name=&quot;Literaturverlag Droschl&quot; /&gt;
* Kyautar Bajewar Littattafan Leipzig na 2021 don ''Echos Kammern'' &lt;ref name=&quot;Literaturverlag Droschl&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
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    <title>Herta Müller</title>
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'''Herta Müller''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1953 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stefanescu |first=Cristian |date=17 August 2023 |title=Herta Müller: Master seamstress of words at 70 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/herta-m%C3%BCller-master-seamstress-of-words-at-70/a-66561924 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Romania-Jamus, mawaƙi, marubuci kuma wanda ya sami kyautar Nobel ta Adabi ta 2009 . An haife ta a Nițchidorf, gundumar Timiș a Romania; harsunan asalinta Jamusanci ne da Romanianci. Tun farkon shekarun 1990, an kafa ta a ƙasashen duniya, kuma an fassara ayyukanta zuwa harsuna sama da ashirin. 

An san Müller da ayyukanta da ke nuna tasirin tashin hankali, zalunci da ta'addanci, galibi a yanayin Jamhuriyar Gurguzu ta Romania a ƙarƙashin mulkin danniya Nicolae Ceaușescu wanda ta fuskanci kanta. An ba da labarin ayyukanta da yawa daga ra'ayin tsirarun Jamusawa a Romania kuma suna nuna tarihin zamani na Jamusawa a cikin Banat da Transylvania . Littafinta mai suna ''The Hunger Angel'' ( ''Atemschaukel'' ) wanda aka yi wa lakabi da littafin 2009 ya nuna yadda aka kori tsirarun Jamusawa 'yan Romania zuwa ga 'yan Soviet Gulags a lokacin mamayar Soviet a Romania domin a yi amfani da su a matsayin aikin bauta ga Jamusawa .

Müller ta sami kyaututtuka sama da ashirin zuwa yanzu, ciki har da kyautar Kleist (1994), kyautar Aristeion (1995), kyautar adabi ta Dublin ta duniya (1998) da kuma kyautar Franz Werfel Human Rights Award (2009). A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2009, Kwalejin Sweden ta sanar da cewa an ba ta kyautar Nobel a fannin Adabi, inda ta bayyana ta a matsayin mace &quot;wadda, tare da yawan waƙoƙi da kuma faɗin gaskiya a cikin rubutun, ke nuna yanayin waɗanda aka kore su daga aiki&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobelweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2009/ |access-date=8 October 2009 |publisher=Nobelprize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Müller ga manoman Banat Swabian [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]]  a Nițchidorf (Jamusanci: Nitzkydorf; Hungary: Niczkyfalva), har zuwa shekarun 1980s ƙauyen da ke magana da Jamusanci a cikin Banat na Romania a kudu maso yammacin Romania. Kakanta manomi ne mai arziki kuma ɗan kasuwa, amma gwamnatin Kwaminis ta kwace masa kadarorinsa. Mahaifinta memba ne na Waffen-SS a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], kuma yana samun abin rayuwa a matsayin direban babbar mota a ƙasar Kwaminisanci ta Romania. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobelweb&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 1945, mahaifiyarta, wacce aka haifa a shekarar 1928 a matsayin Katarina Gion, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 17, tana cikin 'yan tsirarun Jamus 100,000 da aka kora zuwa sansanonin tilastawa a Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake ta a shekarar 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;nobelweb&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2009 |title=Herta Mueller – Split Between Two Worlds |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Interview_Herta_Mueller_On_Growing_Up_In_Ceausescus_Romania/1848830.html |access-date=11 June 2017 |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Harshen Müller na asali Jamusanci ne; ta koyi harshen Romania ne kawai a makarantar nahawu . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Alumni: Herta Müller |url=https://www.daad.de/en/alumni/gallery/portrait/herta-mueller/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst/[[German Academic Exchange Service]] (DAAD) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212201120/https://www.daad.de/en/alumni/gallery/portrait/herta-mueller/ |archive-date=12 December 2023 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Nikolaus Lenau kafin ta zama ɗalibi a fannin nazarin Jamusanci da adabin Romania a Jami'ar Yammacin Timișoara .

A shekarar 1976, Müller ta fara aiki a matsayin mai fassara a wani masana'antar injiniya, amma an kore ta daga aiki a shekarar 1979 saboda kin amincewa da ta yi da Securitate, 'yan sandan sirri na gwamnatin Kwaminis. Bayan an kore ta daga aiki, ta fara samun abin rayuwa ta hanyar koyarwa a [[Makarantar jariri|makarantar renon yara]] da kuma koyar da darussan Jamusanci na sirri.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sing Street kwaikwayo</title>
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    <id>165764</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971057</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:19:54Z</timestamp>
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        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
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      <text bytes="10507" sha1="i3v55qt37ga5zh7nhafh333m9q7wmfv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Sing Street''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na barkwanci da kiɗa na shekarar 2016 wanda John Carney ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni daga labarin Carney da Simon Carmody. Taurarin Lucy Boynton, [[Maria Doyle Kennedy]], Aidan Gillen, Jack Reynor, Kelly Thornton da Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, labarin ya ta'allaka ne akan wani matashin yaro wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa don burge wata yarinya a shekarun 1980 a Dublin. Haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin ƙasashen Ireland, Burtaniya da Amurka.

An fara nuna fim ɗin a bikin nuna fina-finai na Sundance a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2016. An fitar da shi a Ireland a ranar 17 ga Maris 2016, a Amurka a ranar 15 ga Afrilu da kuma a Burtaniya a ranar 20 ga Mayu. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka, inda ya sami dala miliyan 13.6 a duk duniya akan kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 4, kuma an zaɓe shi don Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Fim – Kiɗa ko Barkwanci a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Golden Globe karo na 74 .

== Labari ==
A shekarar 1985, Conor Lalor mai shekaru 15 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sing Street |url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/movie-reviews/2016/0218/768643-sing-street/ |access-date=1 December 2025 |website=RTE |publisher=RTE}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana zaune a tsakiyar birnin Dublin na Kudu tare da iyayensa, Robert da Penny, da kuma manyan 'yan uwansa biyu, Brendan da Ann. Tunda iyayensa suna ta jayayya akai-akai, Conor yana rubuta waƙa a matsayin hanyar da zai bi don magance matsalolin rayuwarsa ta gida. Saboda matsalolin kuɗi da suka dabaibaye kwanan nan, Robert da Penny sun sanar da cewa za a mayar da Conor daga makarantarsa ta sirri zuwa titin Synge, wata makarantar ' yan'uwa Kiristoci ta gwamnati.

A ranarsa ta farko a Synge Street, ɗan'uwa Baxter, shugaban makarantar mai tsaurin ra'ayi, ya tsawatar wa Conor saboda rashin sanya takalman baƙi da aka wajabta masa, duk da roƙon Conor cewa ba zai iya siyan sabbin takalma ba. Bayan Baxter ya umarce shi da ya cire takalmansa masu launin ruwan kasa, Conor ya yi wa takalman fenti baƙi. Haɗuwa da wani mai zagin makaranta Barry ya gabatar da Conor ga Darren, wani ɗan kasuwa mai tasowa. Daga nan Conor ya haɗu kuma ya fara sha'awar Raphina, wata yarinya 'yar shekara 16 mai son yin tallan kayan kawa wacce ke zaune a gefen titi daga makarantar. A ƙoƙarinsa na burge Raphina, ya yanke shawarar kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma ya ɗauke ta aiki don yin bidiyon waƙa. Darren ya yarda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawakansa kuma ya gabatar da shi ga Eamon mai fasahar kayan kida da yawa.

Ba da daɗewa ba sai Ngig, mai buga gangar kiɗa, Larry, da kuma mai buga bass Garry suka haɗu da su, inda suka sanya wa ƙungiyarsu suna Sing Street. Ƙungiyar mawakan tana yin atisaye a ɗakin zama na Eamon, suna buga murfin waƙa har sai da Brendan, mai sha'awar kiɗa, ya ƙarfafa Conor ya haɓaka salon ƙungiyar. Conor ya rubuta waƙoƙin asali tare da Eamon, yana bayyana kansu a matsayin &quot;masu son makomar gaba&quot;. Sing Street ta ɗauki bidiyon waƙarta na farko sanye da kayan kwalliya na ban mamaki; Raphina ta taka rawa a matsayin mai ''fasaha'' da kuma mai gyaran gashi. Conor ya yi kwalliya washegari zuwa makaranta, kuma Baxter ya cire ta da ƙarfi.

Raphina ta ba wa Conor laƙabi &quot;Cosmo&quot;, wanda ta ce ya fi dacewa da yanayin sabuwar ƙungiyarsa. Ta gaya masa shirinta na tafiya Landan nan ba da jimawa ba tare da babban saurayinta, Evan, wanda take da dangantaka ta kai tsaye da shi. Bayan sun shafe ranar suna ɗaukar bidiyon waƙa don sabuwar waƙa, Conor da Raphina sun sumbaci juna. A makaranta, yana tsayawa tsayin daka ga Barry.

Yayin da Conor da Raphina ke ƙara kusantowa, sai ya kai ta Tsibirin Dalkey a cikin motar kakansa. A can, sun ga jirgin ruwan da ke tashi daga Dún Laoghaire zuwa Burtaniya. A halin yanzu, Robert da Penny sun sanar da iyalan cewa za a raba su bisa doka kuma su sayar da gidan, domin Penny ta kamu da soyayya da shugabanta kuma tana shirin ƙaura tare da shi, yayin da Robert ke da niyyar samar wa kansa gida.

Sing Street tana shirin ɗaukar bidiyon waƙar ''Back to the Future'' wadda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta a ɗakin motsa jiki na makaranta, amma Conor ya yi baƙin ciki lokacin da Raphina ta kasa bayyana, sai kawai ta ga ta tafi Landan ba tare da ta gaya masa ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Raphina ta koma Dublin, tana yi wa Conor bayani cewa Evan ya yi watsi da ita a Landan bayan sun yi faɗa. Lokacin da Raphina ta yi kuka cewa rayuwarta yanzu ta ƙunshi &quot;yin mu'amala da wani yaro ɗan makaranta mai shekara 15&quot;, Conor ya nisanta kansa daga gare ta.

Akwai wata dama da ƙungiyar ta samu don yin rawa a ƙarshen zangon karatu a makaranta. Conor ya ba Barry damar zama ɗan wasan ƙungiyar kuma ya tsere wa iyalinsa masu cin zarafi. Domin ƙarfafa gwiwarsu a rawar makaranta, Sing Street ta yi wata sabuwar waƙa tana yi wa masu cin zarafi kamar Baxter ba'a yayin da take rarraba abin rufe fuska na Baxter ga masu kallo. Raphina ta iso yayin da ƙungiyar ke wasa ga taron jama'a masu cike da farin ciki. Bayan rawa, Conor da Raphina sun sulhunta.

Daga baya a wannan daren, Conor da Raphina sun shawo kan Brendan ya tuka su zuwa Dalkey, don su tsere a cikin motar ɗaukar kaya ta mota su yi tafiya zuwa Landan, tare da ɗaukar hotunan kai na Raphina da kuma kaset ɗin demo da bidiyo na Conor. Kafin ya tafi, Conor ya yi bankwana da mahaifiyarsa da ke barci. Yayin da su ukun suka isa tashar jiragen ruwa da asuba, Conor da Brendan suka rungumi juna. Conor da Raphina sun yi tafiya zuwa teku, suna bin jirgin ruwa a kan Tekun Ireland mai cike da rudani zuwa sabuwar rayuwa a Landan. Brendan yana kallonsu suna ɓacewa daga nesa yana ihu, yana farin ciki da cewa ƙanensa ya ci gaba da manyan abubuwa.

== 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==
 

== Samarwa ==

=== Ci gaba ===
A watan Fabrairun 2014, an sanar da cewa John Carney zai jagoranci fim ɗin, daga wani fim da ya rubuta game da wani yaro da ya fara ƙungiyar mawaƙa domin ya burge wata yarinya. Carney zai shirya ta hanyar tutar fim ɗinsa ta Distressed Films, tare da Anthony Bregman ta hanyar Banner ɗinsa na Labarin da zai iya zama kamar na Sosai, Kevin Frakes na PalmStar Media, da Raj Brinder Singh na Merced Media Partners, tare da Paul Trijbits da Christian Grass na FilmWave.  Fim ɗin wani hoto ne na tarihin rayuwar Carney a Dublin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Dave |date=6 February 2014 |title='Once' director reteaming with U2 on new movie |url=http://www.hitfix.com/news/once-director-reteaming-with-u2-on-new-movie/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125103645/http://www.hitfix.com/news/once-director-reteaming-with-u2-on-new-movie/ |archive-date=25 January 2016 |access-date=19 January 2016 |website=[[HitFix]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jerin 'yan wasa ===
[[Fayil:Sing_Street_cast_at_Dublin_International_Film_Festival.jpg|thumb| Jaruman ''Sing Street'' a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Dublin na shekarar 2016. Hagu zuwa dama: Percy Chamburuka, Mark McKenna, Kelly Thornton, Ben Carolan, Ian Kenny, Conor Hamilton.]]
A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yulin 2014, Carney ya sanar da cewa zai fito da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ba a san su ba a cikin fim ɗin. [1] [2] Jaruman da ba a san ko su waye ba sun fito ne daga Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Ben Carolan, Mark McKenna, Percy Chamburuka, Conor Hamilton, Karl Rice da Ian Kenny. [3] A watan Satumba na 2014, an sanar da cewa Aidan Gillen, Maria Doyle Kennedy da Jack Reynor sun shiga cikin jaruman fim ɗin, inda suka nuna rawar mahaifin Conor, mahaifiyarsa da ɗan'uwansa bi da bi. [4] [5]

=== Yin fim ===
An fara ɗaukar manyan hotuna a watan Satumba na 2014 a Dublin kuma an kammala su a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 October 2014 |title=On the Set for 10/27/14: Russell Crowe &amp; Ryan Gosling Start Shooting 'The Nice Guys', Kate Beckinsale Wraps 'The Disappointments Room' |url=http://www.ssninsider.com/on-the-set-for-102714-russell-crowe-ryan-gosling-start-shooting-the-nice-guys-kate-beckinsale-wraps-the-disappointments-room/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126182645/http://www.ssninsider.com/on-the-set-for-102714-russell-crowe-ryan-gosling-start-shooting-the-nice-guys-kate-beckinsale-wraps-the-disappointments-room/ |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=19 January 2016 |website=SSN Insider}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makarantar da aka fi sani da ita, Synge Street CBS, tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren ɗaukar fim ɗin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2014 |title=Look! Photos from Sing Street set in Dublin |url=http://www.rte.ie/ten/news/2014/1023/654426-sing-street/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126102719/http://www.rte.ie/ten/news/2014/1023/654426-sing-street/ |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=19 January 2016 |website=[[RTÉ TEN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kiɗa ===
Danny Wilson, Gary Clark, &lt;ref name=&quot;prodnotes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sing Street Production Notes |url=http://www.lgukpublicity.co.uk/uk/images/Prodnotes/SING_STREET_PRODUCTION_NOTES_UK_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615195355/http://www.lgukpublicity.co.uk/uk/images/Prodnotes/SING_STREET_PRODUCTION_NOTES_UK_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2016 |publisher=[[Lionsgate UK]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;filmmusic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 March 2016 |title='Sing Street' Soundtrack Details |url=https://filmmusicreporter.com/2016/03/17/sing-street-soundtrack-details/ |website=Film Music Reporter}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya tsara yawancin waƙoƙin asali na ƙungiyar &quot;Sing Street&quot;, tare da Carney, Ken da Carl Papenfus na ƙungiyar Relish, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grace |first=Ryan |date=13 April 2016 |title=How the 80s Pop Sound of Sing Street Continues John Carney's Musical Voyage |url=https://www.headstuff.org/2016/04/sing-street-review/ |website=HeadStuff}}&lt;/ref&gt; Graham Henderson da Zamo Riffman suma sun sami kyaututtukan rubuce-rubuce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sing Street |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/sing-street-mn0003506582 |access-date=31 May 2016 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Adam Levine]] ya rubuta tare (tare da Carney da Glen Hansard ) kuma ya rera waƙa a kan waƙar &quot;Go Now&quot;. 

Fim ɗin ya kuma ƙunshi waƙoƙin lokacin daga Cure, a-ha, Duran Duran, Clash, Hall &amp;amp;amp; Oates, Spandau Ballet, Blades and the Jam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2016 |title=Sing Street Official Trailer #1 (2016) – Aidan Gillen, Maria Doyle Kennedy Movie HD |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYk2Vx1z6lk |access-date=16 January 2016 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes Trailers |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Madina, Arewacin Dakota</title>
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        <username>BnHamid</username>
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      <text bytes="5062" sha1="n2gzpfzp1plj7vv6jmp86b1dp9u8y8c" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Madina''' birni ne a cikin Stutsman County, North Dakota, Amurka . Yawan jama'a ya kai 264 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;2020 Census (City)&quot; /&gt; An kafa Madina a shekara ta 1899.

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
A cewar Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka, garin yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 1.0 (2.64 ), duk ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer files&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=June 14, 2012 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Da farko ana kiran Madina da goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan ƙarshe ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 1870 lokacin da aka faɗaɗa hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa wannan batu. Ofishin gidan waya da ake kira Madina yana aiki tun daga shekara ta 1888.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stutsman County |url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&amp;state=ND&amp;county=Stutsman&amp;searchtext=&amp;pagenum=2 |access-date=October 22, 2015 |publisher=Jim Forte Postal History}}&lt;/ref&gt; Birnin ya ɗauki sunansa bayan Madina, New York . 

Garin ya zama labarai na kasa a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1983 lokacin da aka kashe marshal biyu na Amurka.

== Yawan jama'a ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;US Census population/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{US Census population|1910=343|1920=415|1930=407|1940=500|1950=564|1960=545|1970=488|1980=521|1990=387|2000=335|2010=308|2020=264}}

=== Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010 ===
A ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2010, akwai mutane 308, gidaje 144, da iyalai 82 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan jama'ar garin ya kai 302.0 a kowace murabba'in mil (116.6/km2). Akwai gidaje 182 a matsakaicin yawan jama'a na 178.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (68.9/km2). Yawan kabilun birnin ya kai 96.4% Farare, 0.3% 'Yan Asiya, da kuma 3.2% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila su ne 0.6% na yawan jama'a.

Akwai gidaje 144, daga cikinsu kashi 26.4% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 45.1% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 6.9% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kashi 4.9% suna da namiji mai gida ba, kuma kashi 43.1% ba iyalai ba ne. Kashi 37.5 cikin dari na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 16.7 cikin dari suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.14 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 2.82.

Matsakaicin shekarun a garin ya kasance shekaru 43.3. 25.6% na mazauna ba su kai shekara 18 ba; 5.7% suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 24; 19.8% sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 44; 26% sun kasance daga 45 zuwa 64; kuma 22.7% sun kasance shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Tsarin jinsi na birnin ya kasance 44.5% namiji da 55.5% mace.

=== Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2000 ===
Ya zuwa ƙidayar shekara ta 2000, akwai mutane 335, gidaje 165, da iyalai 99 da ke zaune a cikin birni. Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 331.3 a kowace murabba'in mil (1.9/km2). Akwai gidaje  a matsakaicin matsakaicin 206.7 a kowace murabba'in mil (79.8/km2). Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 99.40% fari, da 0.60% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 0.30% na yawan jama'a.

Akwai gidaje 165, daga cikinsu kashi 19.4% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 52.1% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 3.6% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 39.4% ba iyalai ba ne. Kashi 37.6% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 26.1% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.03 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 2.62.

A cikin garin, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 20.0% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 2.1% daga 18 zuwa 24, 20.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 23.6% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 33.7% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 50. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 79.1. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 78.7.

Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga ga iyali a garin shine $22,059, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga ga iyali shine $31,500. Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $31,458 idan aka kwatanta da $17,500 ga mata. Kudin shiga ga kowane mutum a garin shine $16,860. Kimanin kashi 4.8% na iyalai da kashi 14.1% na al'ummar sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, ciki har da kashi 15.4% na waɗanda ba su kai shekaru 18 ba da kuma kashi 15.0% na waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka.

== Yanayi ==
Wannan yankin yanayi yana kama da babban bambancin yanayin yanayi, tare da lokacin zafi zuwa zafi (kuma sau da yawa danshi) da kuma lokacin sanyi (wani lokacin sanyi mai tsanani). A cewar tsarin rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen, Elm Creek yana da yanayi mai danshi na nahiyar, wanda aka taƙaita shi da &quot;Dfb&quot; a taswirar yanayi..

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rikicin Overtown, 1982</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[1982 Rikicin Overtown]] to [[Rikicin Overtown, 1982]]</comment>
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Rikicin Overtown na 1982 wani lokaci ne na tashin hankali a [[Miami]], [[Florida]], Amurka, daga Disamba 28 zuwa 30, 1982. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga mutuwar wani dan Afirka na Afirka a cikin unguwar Overtown ta birnin da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Latino ya yi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, wanda ya haifar da rikici na kwana uku wanda ya haifar le ƙarin mutuwar daya, raunin da yawa da kamawa, da kuma lalacewar dukiya.

A farkon shekarun 1980s, yawancin unguwanni masu baƙar fata a Miami suna fuskantar batutuwa kamar yawan rashin aikin yi, yanayin rayuwa mara kyau, da yaduwar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, tashin hankali ya kasance mai girma tsakanin al'ummar baƙar fata da Sashen 'yan sanda na Miami (MPD) a kan abubuwan da suka faru na zalunci na' yan sanda, wanda ya kai ga rikice-rikicen Miami na 1980 bayan mutuwar wani dan Afirka na Amurka da jami'an 'yan sanda da yawa suka yi. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, Miami tana fuskantar canji a cikin yawan jama'a saboda karuwar shige da fice daga Latin Amurka, tare da wasu shugabannin baƙar fata suna kallon canje-canjen kamar yadda suke cutar da al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka. A shekara ta 1982, jami'an Hispanic American sun fi yawan 'yan Afirka na Amurka a cikin MPD, kuma mafi yawan Hukumar Miami City, wanda ya hada da Magajin garin Miami Maurice Ferré.

A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, 1982, jami'in MPD na Cuban Luis Alvarez ya shiga wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da abokin aikinsa a Overtown. A ciki, jami'in ya fuskanci Nevell Johnson Jr., wani Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya, a kan bindiga da Johnson ke da shi. A cewar rahotanni na 'yan sanda, bayan da Johnson ya yi wani yunkuri na kwatsam, Alvarez ya harbe shi a fuska a bayyane, ya sanya shi cikin mawuyacin hali. Daga baya ya mutu a asibiti washegari. Bayan harbi, babban taron jama'a sun taru a kusa da gidan wasan kuma sun fara jefa makamai a kan Motocin 'yan sanda da kuma sanya wuta. 'Yan sanda sun kulle tubalan da yawa da ke kewaye da gidan wasan kuma sun fuskanci taron, wanda ya haifar da raunin da yawa da ƙarin mutuwa bayan' yan sanda sun harbe shi kuma sun kashe wani mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin shiga cikin gini. Rikicin ya ci gaba washegari, wanda ya sa jami'an birni su ayyana wani yanki mai ƙuntata wanda ya rufe ɗaruruwan tubalan da ke kewaye da gidan wasan. 'Yan sanda sun shiga cikin harbe-harbe da yawa yayin da suke sintiri a yankin, kuma' yan sanda masu saukar ungulu sun zubar da iskar hawaye a cikin ƙoƙari na watsar da taron. Rikicin ya ci gaba har zuwa daren da ya biyo baya, amma ya fara raguwa, tare da ƙuntataccen yankin da aka buɗe a ranar 31 ga Disamba. Fiye da dare uku na tashin hankali, mutum 1 ya mutu, 26 sun ji rauni, kuma an kama 43. Alvarez, wanda aka dakatar da shi da biyan kuɗi bayan harbi, jihar Florida ta tuhume shi da kisan kai, kodayake duk wani fararen juri ya wanke shi a shekarar 1984. Wani rahoto daga baya da MPD ta bayar a shekarar 1985 ya bayyana cewa an tabbatar da amfani da karfi mai kisa kai, amma yana iya keta wasu hanyoyin 'yan sanda yayin harbi.

Rikicin ya kasance daya daga cikin guguwa da ya kai ba kawai Miami ba, amma manyan birane da yawa a Amurka a cikin shekarun 1980. Bayan wannan, Miami ta fuskanci wani lokaci na tashin hankali na farar hula bayan da aka wanke Alvarez a 1984 da kuma tashin hankali a 1989 kan wani harbi na wani dan Afirka na Amurka da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Hispanic ya kashe. Da yake tattauna abubuwan da ke haifar da waɗannan rikice-rikicen, wasu masana tarihi sun lura da sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a da ke faruwa a yankuna da yawa a cikin birane a lokacin da kuma tsoron karuwar gasa ta tattalin arziki daga wasu kabilun a matsayin dalilai. Bugu da ƙari, wasu sun nuna raguwar kudade don shirye-shiryen zamantakewar gwamnati waɗanda aka tsara don taimakawa yankunan da ba su da wadata kamar Overtown. Rikicin ya cutar da sunan Miami, kamar yadda yawancin shirye-shirye da fina-finai da ke nuna birnin a cikin shekarun 1980 suka nuna shi a matsayin yankin da ke cike da aikata laifuka da miyagun ƙwayoyi. A farkon shekarun 2000, unguwar har yanzu tana da yaduwar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da rashin aikin yi na kusan kashi 50.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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Rikicin Overtown na 1982 wani lokaci ne na tashin hankali a [[Miami]], [[Florida]], Amurka, daga Disamba 28 zuwa 30, 1982. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga mutuwar wani dan Afirka na Afirka a cikin unguwar Overtown ta birnin da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Latino ya yi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, wanda ya haifar da rikici na kwana uku wanda ya haifar le ƙarin mutuwar daya, raunin da yawa da kamawa, da kuma lalacewar dukiya.

A farkon shekarun 1980s, yawancin unguwanni masu baƙar fata a Miami suna fuskantar batutuwa kamar yawan rashin aikin yi, yanayin rayuwa mara kyau, da yaduwar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, tashin hankali ya kasance mai girma tsakanin al'ummar baƙar fata da Sashen 'yan sanda na Miami (MPD) a kan abubuwan da suka faru na zalunci na' yan sanda, wanda ya kai ga rikice-rikicen Miami na 1980 bayan mutuwar wani dan Afirka na Amurka da jami'an 'yan sanda da yawa suka yi. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, Miami tana fuskantar canji a cikin yawan jama'a saboda karuwar shige da fice daga Latin Amurka, tare da wasu shugabannin baƙar fata suna kallon canje-canjen kamar yadda suke cutar da al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka. A shekara ta 1982, jami'an Hispanic American sun fi yawan 'yan Afirka na Amurka a cikin MPD, kuma mafi yawan Hukumar Miami City, wanda ya hada da Magajin garin Miami Maurice Ferré.

A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, 1982, jami'in MPD na Cuban Luis Alvarez ya shiga wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da abokin aikinsa a Overtown. A ciki, jami'in ya fuskanci Nevell Johnson Jr., wani Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya, a kan bindiga da Johnson ke da shi. A cewar rahotanni na 'yan sanda, bayan da Johnson ya yi wani yunkuri na kwatsam, Alvarez ya harbe shi a fuska a bayyane, ya sanya shi cikin mawuyacin hali. Daga baya ya mutu a asibiti washegari. Bayan harbi, babban taron jama'a sun taru a kusa da gidan wasan kuma sun fara jefa makamai a kan Motocin 'yan sanda da kuma sanya wuta. 'Yan sanda sun kulle tubalan da yawa da ke kewaye da gidan wasan kuma sun fuskanci taron, wanda ya haifar da raunin da yawa da ƙarin mutuwa bayan' yan sanda sun harbe shi kuma sun kashe wani mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin shiga cikin gini. Rikicin ya ci gaba washegari, wanda ya sa jami'an birni su ayyana wani yanki mai ƙuntata wanda ya rufe ɗaruruwan tubalan da ke kewaye da gidan wasan. 'Yan sanda sun shiga cikin harbe-harbe da yawa yayin da suke sintiri a yankin, kuma' yan sanda masu saukar ungulu sun zubar da iskar hawaye a cikin ƙoƙari na watsar da taron. Rikicin ya ci gaba har zuwa daren da ya biyo baya, amma ya fara raguwa, tare da ƙuntataccen yankin da aka buɗe a ranar 31 ga Disamba. Fiye da dare uku na tashin hankali, mutum 1 ya mutu, 26 sun ji rauni, kuma an kama 43. Alvarez, wanda aka dakatar da shi da biyan kuɗi bayan harbi, jihar Florida ta tuhume shi da kisan kai, kodayake duk wani fararen juri ya wanke shi a shekarar 1984. Wani rahoto daga baya da MPD ta bayar a shekarar 1985 ya bayyana cewa an tabbatar da amfani da karfi mai kisa kai, amma yana iya keta wasu hanyoyin 'yan sanda yayin harbi.

Rikicin ya kasance daya daga cikin guguwa da ya kai ba kawai Miami ba, amma manyan birane da yawa a Amurka a cikin shekarun 1980. Bayan wannan, Miami ta fuskanci wani lokaci na tashin hankali na farar hula bayan da aka wanke Alvarez a 1984 da kuma tashin hankali a 1989 kan wani harbi na wani dan Afirka na Amurka da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Hispanic ya kashe. Da yake tattauna abubuwan da ke haifar da waɗannan rikice-rikicen, wasu masana tarihi sun lura da sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a da ke faruwa a yankuna da yawa a cikin birane a lokacin da kuma tsoron karuwar gasa ta tattalin arziki daga wasu kabilun a matsayin dalilai. Bugu da ƙari, wasu sun nuna raguwar kudade don shirye-shiryen zamantakewar gwamnati waɗanda aka tsara don taimakawa yankunan da ba su da wadata kamar Overtown. Rikicin ya cutar da sunan Miami, kamar yadda yawancin shirye-shirye da fina-finai da ke nuna birnin a cikin shekarun 1980 suka nuna shi a matsayin yankin da ke cike da aikata laifuka da miyagun ƙwayoyi. A farkon shekarun 2000, unguwar har yanzu tana da yaduwar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da rashin aikin yi na kusan kashi 50.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 

== Karin Karatu ==
* {{Cite book |last=Arsenault |first=Raymond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC |title=Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-First Century |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-516779-5 |editor-last=Finkelman |editor-first=Paul |editor-link=Paul Finkelman |volume=1 |location=Oxford |pages=225–229 |chapter=Florida |author-link=Raymond Arsenault}}
* {{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Gladys L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLoXHHc_uUkC |title=Encyclopedia of American Race Riots |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |others=Foreword by Dominic J. Capeci Jr. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-313-33301-9 |editor-last=Rucker |editor-first=Walter |volume=1: A-M |location=Westport, Connecticut |pages=418–420 |chapter=Miami (Florida) Riot of 1982 |editor-last2=Upton |editor-first2=James Nathaniel}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Helge André Njåstad</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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'''Helge André Njåstad''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1980) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Norway a jam'iyyar Progress Party . Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Storting na Hordaland tun daga shekarar 2013. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Austevoll daga 2003 zuwa 2013.

== Ilimi da aiki na sirri ==
Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Cathedral ta Bergen a shekarar 1999, ya fara aiki a wani kamfanin zane-zane na gida da ke Austevoll  wanda ya ci gaba da jagorantarsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;nrkbio&quot;&gt;Vidar Gudvangen (19 July 2013) [http://www.nrk.no/valg2013/austevoll-ordforaren-ser-mot-tinget-1.11127174 Han vil chatte med deg frå Stortinget] NRK. Retrieved 3 October 2013 {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasar gida ==
Njåstad ya zama memba na Jam'iyyar Progress Party a shekarar 1997. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an zaɓe shi a [[Ƙaramar hukuma|majalisar birni]] ta Austevoll Municipality, inda ya amfana daga tarin ƙuri'u .  Zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na Austervoll a shekara ta 2003 ya zama babban nasara ga jam'iyyar Progress wanda ya ƙara yawan ƙuri'un da suka samu daga kashi 19.6% a shekarar 1999 zuwa kashi 33.2%. Haɗin gwiwa da jam'iyyar Centre Party da Christian Democratic Party ya sa Njåstad ya zama magajin gari. An zaɓe shi a matsayi na biyu a zaɓen jam'iyyar da aka yi a yankin, amma ƙuri'un da aka yi sun sake nuna masa mutumin da ya fi shahara a jam'iyyar. &lt;ref name=&quot;idag&quot; /&gt; Yana da shekaru 23, ya zama magajin garin Norway mafi ƙanƙanta. Shi ne magajin gari na biyu daga jam'iyyar Progress; na farko shi ne Terje Søviknes daga karamar hukumar Os da ke kusa. 

Karamar hukumar mai mazauna kimanin 4,800 da kuma babban masana'antar kamun kifi da kuma dimbin masu hannu da shuni &lt;ref name=&quot;skrytekommune&quot;&gt;Sindre Øye Helgheim and Vidar Gudvangen (4 June 2013) [http://www.nrk.no/hordaland/kan-bli-frp-sin-nye-skrytekommune-1.11062919 Dette kan bli Frp sin nye skrytekommune] NRK. Retrieved 6 November 2013 {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt; a lokacin tana fama da bashi mai yawa kuma tana cikin jerin sunayen kananan hukumomin da ke da rashin daidaiton kasafin kuɗi mai kyau tun lokacin da aka gabatar da jerin a shekarar 2001. Njåstad ta yi kamfen a kan wani dandamali na kawo ƙarin kyawawan halaye ga al'umma. A lokacin mulkin magajin garin Njåstad, an daidaita kasafin kuɗin, ciki har da rage yawan kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa a makarantu, kula da yara da kula da tsofaffi, amma yawancin shawarwari sun sami daidaito sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;profil4&quot;&gt;Jan Inge Krossli et al (29 November 2012) [http://kommunal-rapport.no/artikkel/profil_4 Profil 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731182530/http://kommunal-rapport.no/artikkel/profil_4 |date=2013-07-31 }} Kommunal Rapport. Retrieved 6 November 2013 {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt; An cire karamar hukumar daga jerin ROBEK a shekarar 2012 bayan an mayar da gibin kasafin kuɗi ya zama rara. &lt;ref name=&quot;profil4&quot; /&gt;

An yaba wa Njåstad saboda yadda ya sauya tattalin arzikin yankin a tsawon shekaru 10 da ya yi yana aiki. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ba.no/nyheter/politikk/valg/article6852052.ece Dette er Hordalands-benken]
''[[Bergens Arbeiderblad]]''. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013 {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan takarar gundumar na shekara ta 2012 ta ''Kommunal Rapport'' saboda nasarar da ya samu wajen tafiyar da tattalin arziki da kuma ƙirƙirar sabon fata a Austervoll. &lt;ref name=&quot;profil4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Jan Inge Krossli (8 January 2013) [http://kommunal-rapport.no/artikkel/njastad_ble_arets_kommuneprofil Njåstad ble Årets kommuneprofil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221015/http://kommunal-rapport.no/artikkel/njastad_ble_arets_kommuneprofil |date=2016-03-03 }} ''[[Kommunal Rapport]]''. Retrieved 6 November 2013 {{In lang|no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2013, karamar hukumar ta mayar da dukkan ayyukan kula da tsofaffi masu zaman kansu. Har yanzu karamar hukumar tana da dukkan nauyin kuɗi na kula da lafiya amma dukkan cibiyoyi mallakar kamfanin ƙasar Sweden mai zaman kansa Alaris ne ke gudanar da su. An sauya ma'aikata 170 daga ɓangaren gwamnati zuwa Alaris. Majalisar karamar hukuma ta amince da yarjejeniyar sayar da hannun jari ta hannun masu zaman kansu, amma 'yan jam'iyyar Labour biyu sun kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin amincewa da ita, kuma ƙungiyoyin kwadago sun yi zanga-zanga, suna fargabar cewa sayar da hannun jari zai haifar da raguwar fansho da sauran yanayin aiki ga masu kula da harkokin kuɗi. Karamar hukumar ita ce ta farko kuma ita kaɗai a ƙasar Norway da ta mayar da dukkan kulawar tsofaffi masu zaman kansu. [1]

Njåstad ta kasance memba a majalisar gundumar Hordaland tun daga shekarar 2003.  [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Auriculella ambusta</title>
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'''''Auriculella ambusta''''' kwari nau'in ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ne na wurare masu zafi, ƙwayoyin gastropod na ƙasa a cikin iyalin Achatinellidae . 

; Ƙananan nau'o'in
* ''Auriculella ambusta ambusta'' Pease, 1868&lt;small&gt;Rashin jin daɗi, 1868&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Auriculella ambusta obliqua'' Ancey, 1892&lt;small&gt;Ancey, shekara ta 1892&lt;/small&gt;

== Bayyanawa &amp; Ilimin Halitta ==
Tsawon harsashi ya kai 8.5 mm, diamita 5 mm

(Bayani na asali a Faransanci) Kunshin yana da ƙarfi, ba shi da rami, kuma yana da siffar oval-conic tare da sinistral coil. An rarraba shi sosai a cikin madaidaiciya. Akwai nau'o'i shida a duka, waɗanda suke da layi-convex a cikin bayanin martaba, an raba su da sutura mai kyau wanda ke haifar da taron koli.

Rufin yana tsaye kuma yana da nau'i-nau'i (wani nau'in kunne). peristome yana da kauri sosai kuma yana da nau'i biyu, yayin da parietal lamella yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci. A matsanancin ɓangaren saman columella, akwai wani nau'i mai kauri, mai karkatarwa sosai.

Dangane da launi, harsashi yana da haske mai launin shuɗi, sai dai a tushe, wanda shine launin ruwan kasa. Kwayar tana rufe da launin ruwan kasa wanda ke rabu da sauƙi. Dukkanin peristome da ciki na budewa suna da launin ruwan kasa.

Auriculella yana da fararen harsashi tare da alamomi masu yuwuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Family Achatinellidae, Auriculella ambusta |url=https://www.marinelifephotography.com/marine/mollusks/gastropods/land/auriculella-ambusta.htm |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.marinelifephotography.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suna cin fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta daga ganye.

== Rarraba ==
Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a tsibirin Hawaiian.

== Gida ==
Ana samun su a cikin tsaunukan Waianae a yammacin Oahu . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Holland |first=Brenden S. |last2=Hadfield |first2=Michael G. |date=March 2002 |title=Islands within an island: phylogeography and conservation genetics of the endangered Hawaiian tree snail Achatinella mustelina |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01464.x |journal=Molecular Ecology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=365–375 |bibcode=2002MolEc..11..365H |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01464.x |issn=0962-1083 |pmid=11918776 |s2cid=20957980 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Family Achatinellidae, Auriculella ambusta |url=https://www.marinelifephotography.com/marine/mollusks/gastropods/land/auriculella-ambusta.htm |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=www.marinelifephotography.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ra's al Ghul ne</title>
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        <username>Abdulrahman tahir shika</username>
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      <comment>Nayi gyara</comment>
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Ra's al Ghul (Arabic:رأس الغول,) &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;86&quot; href=&quot;./Batman&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Batman&quot;&gt;Batman: The Animated Series |series-link=Batman: The Animated Series |network=&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; |season=1 |number=60 |airdate=May 3, 1993|quote=&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Ra's al Ghul&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;: &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Allow me to introduce myself. I am he who is called Ra's al Ghul.&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video game|title=[[Batman: Arkham Knight]], \&quot;Season of Infamy\&quot; DLC|developer=[[Rocksteady Studios]]|publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]|date=2022|level=Shadow War|quote='''[[Alfred Pennyworth]]''': ''Civil war amongst the League? How is that possible? Ra's al Ghul is not known for restraint when it comes to punishing dissent.''}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|z|_|ˌ|æ|l|_|ˈ|ɡ|uː|l}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;{{respell|RAHZ|_|al|_|GOOL}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|people=[[Christopher Nolan|Nolan, Christopher]] (Director)|title=[[Batman Begins]]|publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; \&quot;the Head of the &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Ghoul]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;\&quot; or, in a rougher translation, \&quot;the Chief Demon\&quot;.&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-6&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Ra's_al_Ghul#cite_note-6 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; babban mugun mutum ne wanda ke bayyana a cikin Littattafan ban dariya na [[Amurka]] da DC Comics suka buga, galibi a matsayin abokin hamayya na babban jarumi Batman. Edita Julius Schwartz, marubuci Dennis O'Neil, da kuma mai zane Neal Adams ne suka kirkireshi, halin ya fara bayyana a cikin ''Batman'' # 232's &quot;Daughter of the Demon&quot; Yuni 1971. 

Mafi mahimmanci wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar Assassins da ƙungiyoyinta, sunansa a Larabci yana nufin &quot;Shugaban Ghoul&quot;.  Da yake an haife shi da ɗaruruwan ƙarni kafin Karni na 20, halin ya tsawaita rayuwarsa ta hanyar Ramin Li'azaru, tafkin ruwa mai ban mamaki tare da kaddarorin gyarawa wanda ke ba shi damar tsawaita tsawon rayuwarsa. Tare da tsawon rayuwarsa da faɗin iliminsa da rashin mutuwa ya ba shi, yana neman amfani da albarkatun kungiyoyinsa don taimakawa ajanda ta'addanci na muhalli don tsaftace Duniya daga cin hanci da rashawa da kuma maido da muhalli. Hanyoyinsa masu tsananin gaske sun sanya shi a kan Batman, kasancewar yana da ƙarfin zama abokin hamayyarsa a yaƙi. Halin ya haifi yara daban-daban, ciki har da Talia al Ghul da Nysaa Raatko, tsohon mai sha'awar Batman da mahaifiyar jikansa, Damian Wayne. Da yake yana da rikici, halin ya nemi mazajen maza ga kungiyoyinsa (wanda ya hada da Batman da Damian) amma kuma ya soke sha'awar, bayan da 'ya'yansa mata biyu suka yi nasara a lokuta daban-daban. Da aka ba shi matsayi mai girma a matsayin babban mugun, ya kuma shiga rikici tare da Superman da sauran jarumawa a cikin DC Universe.

An nuna Ra's al Ghul a cikin sauye-sauyen kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban. David Warner ne ya nuna halin a cikin DC Animated Universe, Liam Neeson a cikin Dark Knight trilogy, Jason Isaacs a cikin Batman: Under the Red Hood, Dee Bradley Baker a cikin Batman, Arkham video game series, Matt Nable a cikin Arrowverse talabijin series, da Alexander Siddig a ''Gotham''.

Jerin IGN na Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ya sanya Ra's a matsayin lamba bakwai.

== Tarihin wallafe-wallafen ==
Edita Julius Schwartz, marubuci Dennis O'Neil, da kuma mai zane Neal Adams ne suka kirkireshi, an gabatar da shi a cikin ''Batman'' # 232's &quot;Daughter of the Demon&quot; (Yuni 1971).  Adams ya tattauna yadda ya tsara halin a cikin wata hira ta Wizard ta 2007: &quot;Da farko, Denny O'Neil ya fara ne a matsayin ɗan jarida, don haka kwarewarsa tare da halayen kayan ado koyaushe ƙwarewar tilas ne. Lokacin da ra'ayin ya zo ga Julie Schwartz cewa &quot;muna irin farfado da tsoffin halayen. Me muke so mu yi wa sabon hali?&quot;Halin Denny - kuma na fahimci shi gaba ɗaya - ba don zuwa wani hali mai sutura ba tare da manyan iko ba, amma zuwa wani nau'in Moriarty. Lokacin da Denny ya gabatar da shi, a nan na kasance a matsayin mai zane-zane wanda aka saba da yin abubuwa masu gaskiya da za su magance su, &quot;Hey, babu kayan ado.&quot;Ta yaya na sanya shi na musamman? Saboda bayan duk, muna ba da gudummawa ga masu sauraronmu kadan. Ta yaya ya zama na musamman? Don haka, na sauka cikin jerin abubuwan da zan iya yi hakan bai ɓata hankalina a matsayin mai zane ba kuma a matsayin mutumin da ke zaune a duniya. Ta yaya ka sanya mutum na musamman? Sa'an nan kuma na fahimci cewa akwai mutanen da ke kama da na musamman, waɗanda ke gabatar da mutuntakarsu tare da fuskarsu - kamar Jack Palance, misali. Jack Palances yana da ban mamaki a dube shi. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wizard #194 - Grant Morrison and Neal Adams in Conversation - Deep Space Transmissions |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deepspacetransmissions/interviews-1/2006-2010/wizard-194---grant-morrison-and-neal-adams-in-conversation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102173555/https://sites.google.com/site/deepspacetransmissions/interviews-1/2006-2010/wizard-194---grant-morrison-and-neal-adams-in-conversation |archive-date=2022-01-02 |access-date=2022-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani game da halayyar mutum ==
Ra's al Ghul babban mai aikata laifuka ne na kasa da kasa wanda babban burinsa shine duniya da ke cikin cikakkiyar ma'auni na muhalli. Ya yi imanin cewa hanya mafi kyau don cimma wannan daidaituwa ita ce kawar da mafi yawan bil'adama. Ra's yawanci yana ƙoƙari ya kai farmaki ga jama'ar duniya tare da makami na kwayoyin halitta, kamar kwayar cutar injiniya. Ana taimaka masa a cikin wannan binciken ta hanyar Ramin Li'azaru, tafkunan sunadarai masu sabuntawa waɗanda ke dawo da matattu da mutuwa zuwa rayuwa, ambaton labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Li'azatu, wanda [[Isa|Yesu]] ya ta da shi; waɗannan ramuka sun ba shi tsawon rayuwar ƙarni da yawa. Ya ɗauki Batman a matsayin abokin hamayyarsa mafi daraja, yana kiran shi a matsayin &quot;Detective&quot; saboda girmamawa ga basirarsa, kuma yana neman sau da yawa ya sanya Dark Knight magajinsa. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan laifi kalilan a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Batman wanda ya gano sirrinsa a matsayin Bruce Wayne, amma ya yi shiru game da batun saboda irin girmamawa ga Batman. A nasa bangaren, adawar Batman ga Ra's tana da rikitarwa ta hanyar girmama kansa ga basirar al Ghul (idan ba burinsa da hanyoyinsa ba) da kuma jan hankalinsa ga 'yarsa, Talia, wanda ta mayar da ita.

== Tarihin hali na almara ==

=== Asalin ===
Sunan Ra's al Ghul na ainihi, farkon rayuwarsa, da ainihin shekarunsu an bayyana su daban-daban ta hanyar marubuta daban-daban. An ba da labarin asalin Crisis bayan haka a cikin littafin Batman: Birth of the Demon (1992) na Dennis O'Neil da Norm Breyfogle . Wannan labarin asalin daga baya an sake shi kuma an gyara shi a cikin ''Batman'' Annual # 26 (2007) ta Peter Milligan da David López a matsayin wani ɓangare na Batman: The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul story arc. Labarin kwanan nan na labarin asalin, ''Batman da Robin'' (vol. 2) #23.3 (2013) na James Tynion IV da Jeremy Haun, sun yi nuni da waɗannan abubuwan da suka gabata na asalin al Ghul, yayin da suke riƙe da cikakkun bayanai waɗanda ke haifar da karɓar sunan Ra's na gari, da mutuwar matarsa Sultan).

Kamar yadda aka fada a cikin Birth of the Demon, Ra's al Ghul (wanda aka sani kawai a matsayin Likita kafin ya karbi sunan) an haife shi sama da shekaru 600 kafin bayyanarsa ta farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Batman'', ga wata kabila ta hamada a gabashin [[Arewacin Afirka]], kusa da wani birni mai arziki wanda Sultan ke mulki. Ci gaba da sha'awar kimiyya tun yana ƙarami, Ra's ya watsar da kabilarsa don ya zauna a cikin birni, inda ya mai da hankali kan ilmantarwa da gwaji. Daga baya ya horar da shi a matsayin likita kuma ya auri wata mace mai suna Sora.

Bayan gano abubuwan warkarwa na Ramin Li'azaru, Ra's ya sami nasarar ceton dan Sultan mai mutuwa ta hanyar saukar da shi cikinta. Bai san, duk da haka, cewa amfani da Ramin Li'azaru na iya haifar da hauka ba, kuma yarima (wanda ya riga ya zama mummunan hali da zalunci), ya fito ne a matsayin mai rashin hankali. Ya ci gaba da kashe Sora, wanda ya riga ya yi ido na ɗan lokaci. Sultan, ba ya son yarda da laifin ɗansa, ya zargi Ra's da guba a tunanin ɗansa kuma ya yanke masa hukuncin kisa a hankali, a cikin kurkuku tare da gawar Sora.

Dan wata tsohuwar mace mai mutuwa, wanda Ra ya kula da shi a baya, ya saki Ra's. Ɗan yana jin cewa yana bin Ra bashin sauƙaƙe wahalar mahaifiyarsa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i na ƙarshe. Ra's da ɗa sun shiga hamada don neman kabilar haihuwar Ra's. Ra's ya shawo kan shugaban kabilarsa, kawunsa, ya bi Ra's a cikin neman fansa ta hanyar yin alkawarin faduwar sultan mai zalunci. Ta hanyar fahimtar Ka'idar kwayar cuta na cututtuka daruruwan shekaru kafin wani, Ra's ya sami damar kamuwa da yarima da kwayar cutaa mai kisa ta hanyar aika masa da yadudduka masu gurbatawa. Daga nan sai ya yi wa sultan kwanton bauna lokacin da ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa kabilar, ya kashe shi da ɗansa, kuma ya ci gaba da kashe mazaunan birnin kafin ya rushe shi zuwa ƙasa. Daga baya, Ra's ya bayyana kansa &quot;Ra's al Ghul&quot;, &quot;Shugaban Aljanu&quot;.

''Batman: Haihuwar Aljanin'' yana ba da ƙididdigar shekaru 500 ga shekarun Ra's al Ghul. Saboda rayuwa na dogon lokaci da kuma tsufa, ana zaton ya rasa hanyar da yake da shekaru. ''Azrael'' # 6 (Yuli 1995; wanda Dennis O'Neil ya rubuta) ya sanya shekarun Ra kusa da shekaru 450. Kamar yadda ya gaya wa Jean-Paul Valley, &quot;Na bayyana ina da karfi 50. Ni a zahiri 448 ne mai karfi sosai... ko kuma 453? Na rasa ƙidaya a lokacin Black Plague. A cikin ''Batman'' Annual # 25 (wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2006), an bayyana Ra's al Ghul a matsayin &quot;Mai ta'addanci na Duniya na 700&quot;. An sake amfani da alamar shekaru 700 a cikin ''Batman da Robin'' (vol. 2) #23.3 (2013), wanda ya biyo bayan fitowar # 30 na wannan jerin inda aka bayyana sama da shekaru 1000 a cikin Ra's' pursuit of Themyscira. 

Yin amfani da Ramin Lazarus don tsawaita rayuwarsa, Ra's ya kwashe ƙarni masu zuwa yana tafiya a duniya. Ya yi yaƙi a Juyin Juya Halin Faransa da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon kuma ya zama jarumi mai ban tsoro. Yayin da duniya ta shiga [[Zamanin Zamani|Zamanin zamani]] kuma Masana'antu ta fara rufe yawancin duniya, Ra's ya girma ya raina mutane, waɗanda ya yi imanin suna lalata kyawawan dabi'un duniya, don haka ya sanya shi a kan hanyar ta'addanci. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, Ra's, kawunsa, da Huwe, ɗan da ya 'yantar da Ra's daga kisan farko na sultan, duk suna amfani da Ramin Lazarus don tsawaita rayuwarsu har sai wani abin da ya faru a London. Ra's ya kama Huwe yana rubuta tarihin kansa a cikin [[Sinanci|Harshen Sinanci]] na asali, duk da cewa Ra's ta hana shi bayyana asirin rashin mutuwa. A lokacin yaƙi, Ra's ya kashe Huwe kuma ya gudu zuwa rami na Lazarus, wanda yake amfani da shi. Lokacin da ya koma gidansu a Landan, kawunsa ya ɓace tare da ragowar tarihin su.

Bayan lokaci, ya zama mai kula da nau'o'in yaƙi da yawa, musamman shinge. Ya kuma gina dukiya mai yawa kuma ya kirkiro Iblis, babbar kungiya ta duniya. A cewar Justice League of America (1st series) #94:
{{Blockquote|It has been whispered in the darkest places for 500 years that a cartel of criminals has slowly sucked its way into the rich veins of the Earth. Many are its names spit from the mouths of men, but most often it is cursed only as. The Demon. It has a leader. A Head.&lt;ref&gt;''Justice League of America'' #94&lt;/ref&gt;}}
The League of Assassins, daya daga cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi da yawa da suka hada da The Demon, saboda haka wani lokacin ana kiranta &quot;The Demon's Fang&quot; ko &quot;Demonfang&quot;.

A cikin bayyanarsa ta farko, asalin kabilanci na Ra's al Ghul ya kasance mai canzawa dangane da kwatanci da marubuci. An ce yana da wasu daga cikin kakannin Gabashin Asiya daidai da ''Haihuwar Aljanin''. Talia Al Ghul ta yi magana da Ra's Al Ghul kamar yadda yake da &quot;rayuwar [[Daular Rumawa|Byzantine]]&quot;  wanda ke ba da shawarar asalin Byzantine. Muhimmancin bayanan Eurasian na al Ghul an danganta shi da sanannen al'adun mahaifinsa yayin da burinsa na cin nasara a duniya ana kwatanta shi kuma ana gano shi da irin su Alexander the Great; tasirin da wasu dangin suka raba kamar Sensei  (''Batman'' # 671 (2007) da Grant Morrison da Tony S. Daniel), Talia al Ghul,  da Damian Wayne (''Batman da Robin'' (vol. 2) # 0 (2012) da Peter J. Tomasi da Patrick Gleason) (sunan &quot;Damian&quot; ya samo asali ne daga &quot;damianos&quot;, Girkanci). Mafi yawanci ana nuna shi a cikin kayan tushe tare da babban nau'in fata mai kyau,    Ra's ya kuma sami damar shiga cikin ayyukan duniya na Yamma kamar Age of Exploration (Shekara Daya: Batman / Ra's al Ghul # 2 (2005) na Devin K. Grayson da Paul Gulacy) da Reich na Uku (Batman: Mutuwa da Maidens # 5 (2004) na Greg Rucka da Klaus Janson). Amfani da Ra's al Ghul na amfani da kalmomin Larabci da yaren da kansa sakamakon sulhu ne na [[Al'ada|al'adu]] al'adu da tarihin al'adu duka a cikin ilimi da kuma neman yankin Lazarus Pit / tsawon rai wanda aka fi ganowa a ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya (misali Rijiyar Zunubi a cikin [[Yankin Larabawa]], Red Hood da Outlaws # 22 (2013) na James Tynion IV da Julius Gopez) zuwa Gabashin Asiya (Peaches of Immortality, Shekara Daya: Batman / Ra's a Ghul #1). Ana amfani da kalmomin Larabci musamman (game da aljanu) a matsayin wata dabara mai ban [[Ta'addanci|tsoro]] a tarihin Ra don inganta tasirinsa, da kuma mulkin ta'addanci a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya - kawar da sultanate na farko kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Birth of the Demon, irin wannan ayyukan da aka nuna cewa an sake maimaita su a cikin ''Batman da Robin'' (vol. 2) #23.3,  da kuma nunawa kai tsaye a cikin Mutuwa da Maidens # 4.

Daidaitawa da halin Ra's al Ghul a matsayin dan ta'addanci na muhalli na kasa da kasa, tare da asalin halin da ke ƙarƙashin fassarar daban-daban daga marubuta da yawa; co-haliccin halin, Neal Adams, ya bayyana cewa halin ba shi da takamaiman wakilcin yanki / kabilanci na kowane nau'i, dole ne.
{{Blockquote|&quot;...we created an equal to Batman, and that's what Ra's al Ghul is all about. He's not necessarily Arabic. He's not necessarily Eastern. He's not necessarily Western. He's not necessarily anything! He's just a villain and he's equal to Batman.&quot; - Neal Adams, via SYFY WIRE ''Batman at 80: How To Craft The Perfect Batman Villain''}}
A cikin karni na 21, an kafa Ra's a bayyane a matsayin dan kasar Sin (ko da yake wannan bazai zama canon ba) da kuma asalin Larabawa. A cikin labarin 2007-2008 The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul, an bayyana mahaifinsa a matsayin DC Comics halin Sensei, jarumi da malami na yaki wanda memba ne na League of Assassins . Sensei mutum ne na kasar Sin wanda ya fito ne daga yankin [[Hong Kong]]. Koyaya, dangantakar Ra da Sensei bazai zama canon ba saboda bayyanar mahaifinsa yana cikin Pre-Flashpoint / Post-Crisis DC ci gaba wanda ya ƙare a cikin 2011. A cikin 2021, DC ta gabatar da mahaifiyar Ra Rúh al Ghul, wata mace [[Larabawa]]. Ra's da sauran al'adun Larabci na al Ghul da alaƙa da al'adun Larabawa an ba da fifiko sosai tun daga ƙarshen 2010s.

=== Cutar da ''Kyauta'' ===
Ra ya dawo cikin shahara kuma ya zo kusa da cimma burinsa na kisan kare dangi a duniya a cikin labarin &quot;Contagion&quot; na taken Batman. Kungiyarsa ta fitar da kwayar cutar da aka sani da [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]] Gulf A (a.k.a. &quot;The Clench&quot;) a Gotham City, ta sanya Batman cikin rikici tare da ƙarfin da kamar ba zai iya cin nasara ba. Batman da abokansa sun sami magani, kodayake ba a gano babban mai kula da barkewar ba har sai labarin da ya biyo baya &quot;Legacy&quot;.

Sanin cewa Shugaban Aljanu har yanzu yana da rai, Batman da tawagarsa suna kewaye da duniya, suna hana ci gaba da barkewar kwayar cutar. Ra's ya haɗa kai da Bane, mutumin da ya taɓa gurgunta kuma kusan ya kashe Batman. Ra's ya ɗauki Bane a matsayin magaji ga daularsa, duk da rashin jin daɗin 'yarsa Talia ga mai aikata laifuka. A ƙarshe, Batman ya gano hanyar kawar da kwayar cutar Clench daga tsohuwar kayan tarihi na &quot;Wheel of Plagues&quot; wanda ilimin ya taimaka wa Ra's wajen kirkirar cutar. Mutumin mahaukaci mai tsawon rai ya sake kauce wa adalci.

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Abronia ammophila</title>
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        <username>BnHamid</username>
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      <text bytes="2988" sha1="0n2txtgmwe9ymaoh9e532rxhq4x1hpv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Abronia ammophila''''', the '''Yellowstone sand verbena''', or '''Wyoming sand verbena''', is a flowering plant unique to Yellowstone National Park lakeshores and is endemic to the park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Saunders |first=N. Elizabeth |last2=Sipes |first2=Sedonia D. |date=August 2006 |title=Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the rare Yellowstone Park endemic Abronia ammophila (Nyctaginaceae) |journal=Plant Species Biology |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=75–84 |bibcode=2006PSBio..21...75S |doi=10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00153.x |issn=0913-557X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Part of the &quot;Four o'clock&quot; family (Nyctaginaceae), ''Abronia ammophila'' is best suited in sandy soils and lake shores.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ABAM3 |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=www.wildflower.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kasancewar sand verbena a kan Yellowstone Plateau yana da ban mamaki saboda tsayin da ya kai kimanin {{Cvt|7,740|ft}}   da kuma dogon hunturu mai sanyi. Yellowstone sand verbena memba ne na dangin shuke-shuke na New World wanda yawanci ke zaune a yanayin zafi kamar hamada. Nau'in ''Abronia'' ya haɗa da kimanin nau'in 30 waɗanda suka fi faruwa a yankuna masu zafi na yammacin Amurka da Mexico. Wasu masu ilimin shuke-shuke sun yi hasashen cewa aikin zafi a Yellowstone ya ba da damar yin amfani da sand verbena don tsira daga matsanancin hunturu a nan kuma sannu a hankali ya samo asali cikin nau'in da ya dace da wannan yanayi.

A cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, masu ilimin shuke-shuke sun gano mutane huɗu na Yellowstone sand verbena, amma ba a san komai game da tarihin rayuwarta da ilmin halitta ba. Misali, ana wakiltar shuka a matsayin shekara-shekara a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, kodayake a zahiri ita ce mai ɗorewa wanda ke cikin hunturu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a matsayin babban tsarin tushen.

== Rarraba ==
Wannan nau'in ya fi rarraba a kusa da tafkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Whipple |first=Jennifer J. |title=Yellowstone Sand Verbena (Abronia ammophila): A Yellowstone Lake Endemic |journal=6th Biennial Scientific Conference |page=256}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda tattakewa ta hanyar zirga-zirgar ƙafa da lalacewar mazaunin, yawan jinsunan a cikin wurin shakatawa ya ragu da kashi 56% tsakanin 1998 da 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Abronia ammophila - Greene |url=http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Abronia+ammophila}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayyanawa ==
Itace ne mai tsayi &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; tare da tsayi mai tsayi har zuwa 4 dm tsawo, wanda yake mai mannewa da gashi. Kayan gashin gashin gashi mai launin fari, furanni masu laushi da ke kewaye da furanni 5 a watan Yuli da Agusta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607165823/http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/verbena.htm Gidan shakatawa na Yellowstone]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:01:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
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      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2987" sha1="035jeoaeg8iutybof1uo25nw9vgnqif" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Abronia ammophila''''', the '''Yellowstone sand verbena''', or '''Wyoming sand verbena''', is a flowering plant unique to Yellowstone National Park lakeshores and is endemic to the park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Saunders |first=N. Elizabeth |last2=Sipes |first2=Sedonia D. |date=August 2006 |title=Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the rare Yellowstone Park endemic Abronia ammophila (Nyctaginaceae) |journal=Plant Species Biology |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=75–84 |bibcode=2006PSBio..21...75S |doi=10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00153.x |issn=0913-557X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Part of the &quot;Four o'clock&quot; family (Nyctaginaceae), ''Abronia ammophila'' is best suited in sandy soils and lake shores.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ABAM3 |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=www.wildflower.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kasancewar sand verbena a kan Yellowstone Plateau yana da ban mamaki saboda tsayin da ya kai kimanin {{Cvt|7,740|ft}}   da kuma dogon hunturu mai sanyi. Yellowstone sand verbena memba ne na dangin shuke-shuke na New World wanda yawanci ke zaune a yanayin zafi kamar hamada. Nau'in ''Abronia'' ya haɗa da kimanin nau'in 30 waɗanda suka fi faruwa a yankuna masu zafi na yammacin Amurka da Mexico. Wasu masu ilimin shuke-shuke sun yi hasashen cewa aikin zafi a Yellowstone ya ba da damar yin amfani da sand verbena don tsira daga matsanancin hunturu a nan kuma sannu a hankali ya samo asali cikin nau'in da ya dace da wannan yanayi.

A cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, masu ilimin shuke-shuke sun gano mutane huɗu na Yellowstone sand verbena, amma ba a san komai game da tarihin rayuwarta da ilmin halitta ba. Misali, ana wakiltar shuka a matsayin shekara-shekara a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, kodayake a zahiri ita ce mai ɗorewa wanda ke cikin hunturu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a matsayin babban tsarin tushen.

== Rarraba ==
Wannan nau'in ya fi rarraba a kusa da tafkin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Whipple |first=Jennifer J. |title=Yellowstone Sand Verbena (Abronia ammophila): A Yellowstone Lake Endemic |journal=6th Biennial Scientific Conference |page=256}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda tattakewa ta hanyar zirga-zirgar ƙafa da lalacewar mazaunin, yawan jinsunan a cikin wurin shakatawa ya ragu da kashi 56% tsakanin 1998 da 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Abronia ammophila - Greene |url=http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Abronia+ammophila}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayyanawa ==
Itace ne mai tsayi &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; tare da tsayi mai tsayi har zuwa 4 dm tsawo, wanda yake mai mannewa da gashi. Kayan gashin gashin gashi mai launin fari, furanni masu laushi da ke kewaye da furanni 5 a watan Yuli da Agusta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607165823/http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/verbena.htm Gidan shakatawa na Yellowstone]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Perth da Kinross</title>
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      <id>971052</id>
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      <text bytes="6727" sha1="dhtw2xzuflvdh785kshb8o4cwqu5k8o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Perth da Kinross''' ( Scots   ; Scottish Gaelic   ) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 32 na kansiloli na Scotland, kuma yanki ne na 'yan majalisar dokoki. Tana da iyaka da Highland da Aberdeenshire a arewa, Angus, Dundee, da Fife a gabas, Clackmannanshire a kudu, da Stirling da Argyll da Bute a yamma.

A fannin yanki, yankin ya rabu da Highland Boundary Fault zuwa wani yanki mai tsaunuka a arewa da kuma wani yanki mai faɗi a kudu. Yankin arewa wuri ne mai sha'awar yawon bude ido, yayin da noma ke ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga kudancin yankin.

Majalisar Perth da Kinross ce ke kula da yankin, wadda ke da hedikwata a Perth.

== Tarihi ==
Yankin ya samo sunansa ne daga manyan biranen tarihi guda biyu na Perthshire da Kinross-shire. Sheriff ne ya jagoranci kowannensu, wanda kwamishinonin samar da kayayyaki suka ƙara masa daga 1667 sannan kuma majalisar gunduma daga 1890.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Keith |title=Act of the convention of estates of the kingdom of Scotland etc. for a new and voluntary offer to his majesty of £72,000 monthly for the space of twelve months, 23 January 1667 |url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1667/1/10 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Records of the Parliament of Scotland |publisher=University of St Andrews}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:PERTH_&amp;_CLACKMANNAN_SHIRES_Civil_Parish_map.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px| Filin jirgin ƙasa na Perth da Clackmannan. 1854. Taswirar Gundumar Farar Hula]]
Perthshire tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan gundumomi, yayin da Kinross-shire tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan gundumomi; ita ce ƙaramar gundumar Scotland a ƙidayar jama'a ta 1921. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1921 Census of Scotland, County Report |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/census/table/S1921COU_M1 |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1930, an haɗa kansilolin gundumomi na Perthshire da Kinross-shire don yawancin dalilai. An ci gaba da zaɓen majalisun biyu a matsayin hukumomi daban-daban, amma suna aiki tare a matsayin 'Majalisar Gundumar Perth da Kinross', suna hidimar yankin da aka haɗa na gundumomi biyu.  &lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette|date=16 March 1971}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi wa gwamnatin ƙananan hukumomi kwaskwarima a Scotland a shekarar 1975 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ƙananan Hukumomi (Scotland) ta 1973 . An maye gurbin gundumomin babban yankin Scotland, burghs da yankunan ƙasa da tsarin manyan yankuna da ƙananan yankuna masu matakai biyu. An ƙirƙiri Perth da Kinross a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi a cikin yankin Tayside . Kamar yadda aka kafa a shekarar 1975, Perth da Kinross sun mamaye dukkan Kinross-shire, da kuma mafi yawan yankunan Perthshire kafin shekarar 1975, ban da uku: babban yanki a kudu maso yammacin gundumar wanda ya koma sabuwar gundumar Stirling, Muckhart wanda ya koma gundumar Clackmannan, da Longforgan wanda ya koma birnin Dundee . Perth da Kinross sun haɗa da cocin Kettins daga Angus .  An ƙirƙiri yankin 'yan sanda da ya mamaye yankin da sabuwar gundumar take a lokaci guda. 

A shekarar 1996, an sake yin garambawul ga ƙananan hukumomi a Scotland a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kananan Hukumomi da sauransu (Scotland) ta 1994 . An soke yankuna da gundumomi sannan aka maye gurbinsu da yankunan kansiloli na tarayya. An sanya wa wani yanki irin wannan suna a cikin Dokar 1994 a matsayin 'Perthshire da Kinross', wanda ya shafi yankin gundumar Perth da Kinross ta 1975-1996, tare da yankin da aka sauya daga Dundee wanda ya yi daidai da cocin Longforgan kafin 1975.    Hukumar da aka zaɓa a shekarar 1995 don kula da sauyin ta nemi a sauya suna daga 'Perthshire da Kinross' zuwa 'Perth da Kinross' a watan Disamba na 1995, wanda gwamnati ta amince da shi kafin sabuwar yankin kansila ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1996. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Historical information on changes to electoral arrangements of Local authorities, Parliamentary areas and European Parliamentary boundaries |url=https://docs.os.uk/os-downloads/addressing-and-location/boundary-line/boundary-line-downloads |access-date=25 August 2025 |website=Boundary-Line Downloads |publisher=Ordnance Survey}} &lt;/ref&gt; An gyara yankin 'yan majalisar Perth da Kinross don daidaita sabon yankin majalisar a shekarar 1996. 

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
[[File:Perth_adn_Kinross_topo.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Taswirar yanayin ƙasa na Perth da Kinross]]
Lamarin Iyakar Yankin Highland ya ratsa yankin daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma. Wannan ya raba yankin tsakanin tsaunukan Perthshire, ciki har da wani ɓangare na tsaunukan Grampian, a arewa, da kuma ƙananan tsaunukan Perthshire da Kinross a kudu. Yankin tsaunukan yana da [[Ƙorama|kwaruruka masu ƙanƙara]], waɗanda galibi ke ɗauke da tafkuna masu kama da ribbon, ciki har da Loch Tay da Loch Earn . Yankin ƙasa mai laushi yanki ne mai albarka da ke cikin Tsakiyar Ƙasa mai laushi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Perth and Kinross |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Perth-and-Kinross |access-date=24 August 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kogin Tay, kogi mafi tsawo a Scotland, yana gudana ta cikin tsaunukan Perthshire da Kinross. Tana fitowa daga Loch Tay, tana kwarara zuwa gabas, bayan ta shiga Kogin Isla, sai ta juya kudu ta ratsa ta Perth, kafin ta shiga Firth of Tay.
[[File:Tay.tributaries.jpg|thumb| Kama Kogin Tay.]]

== Harsuna ==
Kidayar jama'a ta Scotland ta 2022 ta ba da rahoton cewa daga cikin mazauna 147,257 masu shekaru uku zuwa sama, 46,713 (31.7%) sun ɗauki kansu a matsayin waɗanda za su iya magana ko karanta yaren Scotland . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/webapi/opentable?id=019a1a62-eab8-76fc-98d0-f7e8423a5077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kidayar jama'a ta Scotland ta 2022 ta ba da rahoton cewa daga cikin mazauna 147,254 masu shekaru uku zuwa sama, 1,974 (1.3%) sun ɗauki kansu a matsayin waɗanda za su iya magana ko karanta harshen Gaelic . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/webapi/opentable?id=019a2022-ecdd-77ea-96ad-569f0c5b3786}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tattalin Arziki ==
A kudancin Perth da Kinross, noma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattalin arzikin yankin.  Wannan ya haɗa da noman 'ya'yan itatuwa, abinci, alkama da dankali iri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;

Yanayin yanayin arewacin Perth da Kinross ya sanya yawon bude ido ya zama muhimmin bangare na tattalin arziki.  [[Forestry and Land Scotland|Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji]] tana iko da manyan sassan yankin, wanda kuma gida ne ga [[Wutar lantarki ta ruwa|madatsun ruwa da dama na wutar lantarki]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Creaserinus gordoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173113</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971043</id>
      <parentid>942182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:12:05Z</timestamp>
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'''''Creaserinus gordoni''''', Camp Shelby burrowing crayfish, wani nau'in crayfish ne a cikin dangin Cambaridae . Yana da iyaka a sansanin Shelby a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]].

Matsayin kiyayewa na IUCN na ''Creaserinus gordoni'' shine &quot;NT&quot;, kusa da barazana. Ana iya ɗaukar nau'in da ke fuskantar barazana a nan gaba. An sake nazarin matsayin IUCN a cikin 2010.  Wadannan nau'o'in suna jin daɗin kariya a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Karewa ta Candidate, tsakanin Mississippi National Guard da The Nature Conservancy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center |url=https://www.nature.org/en-us/get-involved/how-to-help/places-we-protect/camp-shelby-training-site/#:~:text=Camp%20Shelby%20burrowing%20crayfish%20(found,by%20a%20Candidate%20Conservation%20Agreement) |access-date=15 October 2023 |publisher=The Nature Conservancy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cordylanthus nidularius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173121</id>
    <revision>
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'''''Cordylanthus nidularius''''' wani nau'in fure ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin dangin Orobanchaceae wanda aka sani da sunan Mt. Diablo bird's beak . 

== Rarraba ==
Shuka tana da iyaka ga Dutsen Diablo, a arewacin Diablo Range a cikin Contra Costa County, a yankin East Bay na arewacin [[California]].

Yana girma a wuraren zama na chaparral kuma kawai a kan Ƙasa mai maciji, a tsawo na mita 600-800 (2,000-2,600 . 

== Bayyanawa ==
''Cordylanthus nidularius'' karamin ciyawa ne na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]]. Fuka-fukansa suna da launin ja-kore a launi, kuma an rufe su da gashi na glandular da fiber mai laushi.

Furen kowannensu yana kewaye da 2 ko 3 bracts da aka raba zuwa ƙananan lobes guda uku har zuwa 1.5 centimeters tsawo. corolla farar jaka ce mai launin ruwan kasa da aka rufe a cikin calyx na sepals. Lokacin fure shine a lokacin Yuli da Agusta.

== Karewa ==
Wannan jihar ce kuma California Native Plant Society ta lissafa nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari. A halin yanzu an san shi ne kawai daga abin da ya faru a kan Mt. Diablo, wanda ke fuskantar barazanar gina hanya da nishaɗi, kuma mai yiwuwa ta hanyar kashe wuta.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Cordylanthus+nidularius Calflora Database: ''Cordylanthus nidularius'' (Mt. Diablo bird's beak)]
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7295,7309 Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) magani na ''Cordylanthus nidularius'']
* [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CONI2 Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA]
* [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&amp;where-taxon=Cordylanthus+nidularius U.C. Hotuna: Hotunan ''Cordylanthus nidularius'']
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'''''Cordylanthus nidularius''''' wani nau'in fure ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin dangin Orobanchaceae wanda aka sani da sunan Mt. Diablo bird's beak.&lt;ref name=jepson&gt;[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7295,7309 Jepson eFlora: ''Cordylanthus nidularius'']&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rarraba ==
Shuka tana da iyaka ga Dutsen Diablo, a arewacin Diablo Range a cikin Contra Costa County, a yankin East Bay na arewacin [[California]].

Yana girma a wuraren zama na chaparral kuma kawai a kan Ƙasa mai maciji, a tsawo na mita 600-800 (2,000-2,600 . 

== Bayyanawa ==
''Cordylanthus nidularius'' karamin ciyawa ne na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]]. Fuka-fukansa suna da launin ja-kore a launi, kuma an rufe su da gashi na glandular da fiber mai laushi.

Furen kowannensu yana kewaye da 2 ko 3 bracts da aka raba zuwa ƙananan lobes guda uku har zuwa 1.5 centimeters tsawo. corolla farar jaka ce mai launin ruwan kasa da aka rufe a cikin calyx na sepals. Lokacin fure shine a lokacin Yuli da Agusta.

== Karewa ==
Wannan jihar ce kuma California Native Plant Society ta lissafa nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari. A halin yanzu an san shi ne kawai daga abin da ya faru a kan Mt. Diablo, wanda ke fuskantar barazanar gina hanya da nishaɗi, kuma mai yiwuwa ta hanyar kashe wuta.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Cordylanthus+nidularius Calflora Database: ''Cordylanthus nidularius'' (Mt. Diablo bird's beak)]
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7295,7309 Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) magani na ''Cordylanthus nidularius'']
* [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CONI2 Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA]
* [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&amp;where-taxon=Cordylanthus+nidularius U.C. Hotuna: Hotunan ''Cordylanthus nidularius'']
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  <page>
    <title>Hesperolinon na Teham</title>
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{{speciesbox|status=G1|status_system=TNC|genus=Hesperolinon|species=tehamense|authority=H. K. Sharsmith}}

Hesperolinon tehamense wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure a cikin Iyalin flax da aka sani da sunayen Tehama County yammacin flax da Paskenta Grade dwarf flax. Yana da iyaka a arewacin [[California]], inda aka sani daga kusan abubuwa goma kawai, galibi a cikin Tehama da Glenn Counties. Yawancin mazauninta suna kan ƙasashen Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa da kuma cikin gandun daji na Mendocino, a cikin tsarin halittu na chaparral tare da Ƙasa mai maciji. Shuka tana samar da tsayi, gashi mai laushi har zuwa 50 centimeters a matsakaicin tsawo tare da ƙananan ganye masu layin layi. Inflorescence yana ɗauke da ƙananan furanni da yawa fure da launin rawaya zuwa haske mai haske kawai 'yan millimeters tsawo.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401123611/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4965,4966,4979 Jiki na Jepson]
* [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&amp;where-taxon=Hesperolinon+tehamense Hoton hoto]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q10956164}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>My uncle hausa novels</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174223</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>945689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:39:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="781" sha1="e02h6scj18k4qd0axojlczns5fp92io" xml:space="preserve">{{delete|Nonsense}} Dasunan allah mai rahmah Mai jinqai godiya ta tabbatah ga allah mai kowah Mai komai wannan littafi da ubangiji yanufeni da farah rubu tashiy inah roqon yasah na kammala lafiya ,idan ka/ki labarin yayi kaman checheniya da nakuh ayi haquri haduwarr fahimtah ne.🙏🙏🙏🙏

= My uncle ❤️❤️❤️ =

====== Kagyagyan labarine Wanda niy taku kamar kullum zainab danladi (Zaujeel khair) nake rubutoshiy abundah mukayi dai dai allah yabamuh Lada Wanda mukayi kuskure allah yah yafemanah yabamu ikon gyarawa ameen.🤲🤲🤲      ======

====== My uncle ashi na daya1💖💖💖💖 ======

====== Ahankali sanyayyar iskah take fitah inda bishuyin suke kadawa ahankali zaune take aqasan watah bisha waccha ganyen tah yayi rumfa mai fadi ah wajen ======</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Medionidus walkeri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971058</id>
      <parentid>947037</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:21:00Z</timestamp>
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        <username>BnHamid</username>
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      <text bytes="1360" sha1="a9wxohk4eap5le4vll3k6nmcbfeyhsu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Medionidus walkeri''''', '''Suwannee moccasinshell''' nau'in nau'in mussel ne na ruwa mai kyau, mollusk na ruwa mai bivalve a cikin iyali Unionidae, kogin mussels.

Wannan nau'in ya fi yawa a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], a yankin kogin Suwannee a jihohin [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] da [[Florida]] .

Ƙaramin mussel ne mai siffar oval wanda ba kasafai yake wuce {{Convert|2|in}} a tsawon. Bakin yana da corrugations a ƙarshen baya. A cikin ƙananan yara, yana da launin kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai launuka daban-daban, kuma launin ruwan kasa zuwa baƙi, tare da haskoki masu duhu a cikin tsofaffi. Ba su da bambanci a jima'i, inda mata suka fi ƙanƙanta kuma suka fi tsayi fiye da maza. &lt;ref name=&quot;fws&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=US Fish and Wildlife Service |title=Suwannee moccasinshell (Medionidus walkeri) Species profile |url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/533}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya fi son gefen rafuka masu gangara tare da ƙasa mai laka. [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa]] suna da mahimmanci ga mazaunin nau'in da kuma kifayen da ke zaune a cikinsu (nau'in ''Etheostoma'' da ''Percina'' ). Tana fuskantar barazanar lalata muhalli, gurɓataccen yanayi, nau'ikan halittu masu mamayewa, sauyin yanayi, da kuma ƙaramin yawan jama'a. &lt;ref name=&quot;fws&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Procambarus texanus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>174923</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971060</id>
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      <text bytes="651" sha1="m3kpaa0nifdzug7u51kb8y6dqizsf4w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Procambarus texanus''''' (&quot;Bastrop crayfish&quot;) nau'in crayfish ne a cikin dangin ''Cambaridae'' . An san shi ne kawai daga wurin kiwon kifi kusa da Smithville, Bastrop County, [[Texas]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=James W. Fetzner Jr. |date=January 14, 2008 |title=''Procambarus'' (''Ortmannicus'') ''texanus'' Hobbs, 1971 |url=http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/NewAstacidea/species.asp?g=Procambarus&amp;s=texanus&amp;ssp= |access-date=March 27, 2010 |website=Crayfish Taxon Browser |publisher=[[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an jera shi a matsayin Rashin Bayanan da ke cikin Jerin Ja na IUCN .

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Polyphylla starkae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971066</id>
      <parentid>948483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:26:11Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1784" sha1="4guuee1jy8xggnp7ssdu27jawjd1ojd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Polyphylla starkae''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Auburndale scrub scarab beetle''', nau'in ƙwaro ne a cikin dangin Scarabaeidae da ke zaune a jihar [[Florida]] ta [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] .

== Tsarin Haraji ==
''Polyphylla starkae'' wani ɓangare ne na hadaddun nau'in ''pubescens'' wanda ya haɗa da ''P. pubescens'', ''P. donaldsoni'', da ''P. woodruffi'' duk suna da alaƙa da tuddai a Kudu maso Gabashin Amurka . &lt;ref name=&quot;Skelley, 2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Skelley |first=Paul E. |date=24 July 2009 |title=A new species of Polyphylla Harris from peninsular Florida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) with a key to species of the pubescens species group |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267818275 |journal=Insecta Mundi |location=[[Gainesville, Florida]] |issue=85 |pages=1–14 |issn=1942-1354 |access-date=12 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''P. starkae'' shine mafi girman memba a cikin hadaddun, kuma yana nuna bambancin jima'i tsakanin maza da mata. &lt;ref name=&quot;Skelley, 2009&quot; /&gt; Mata suna da jiki mai launin ja-ja da launin ruwan kasa, tare da elytra da aka haɗa a gindinsa wanda hakan ya sa ba sa tashi. Maza suna da launin elytra mai duhu wanda aka rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, kuma suna iya tashi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Skelley, 2009&quot; /&gt; Sunansa mai suna binomial girmamawa ne ga Donna Stark, wacce ta tattara ƙwaro. &lt;ref name=&quot;Skelley, 2009&quot; /&gt; Sunan da aka fi sani da shi ya fito ne daga birnin Auburndale, Florida wanda ke kusa da yankin da ke kewaye da shi.

== Rarrabawa ==
Scarab na Auburndale ya fi yawa a yankin Tafkin Wales da ke Tsakiyar Florida, inda ake samunsa a cikin iyakataccen yanki, yana buƙatar takamaiman wurin zama na gogewa. 

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Potentilla cottamii</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175142</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971039</id>
      <parentid>948524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:07:01Z</timestamp>
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'''''Potentilla cottamii''''' wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa a cikin dangin fure ba, wanda aka fi sani da sunaye '''na Cottam's cinquefoil''' da '''Pilot Range cinquefoil''' . Yana da asali a [[Nevada]] da [[Utah]] a Amurka. Yana faruwa a cikin Pilot Range na Elko County, Nevada, da kuma ƙaramin yanki na [[Utah]] da ke maƙwabtaka da shi. 

An fara bayyana wannan shukar a shekarar 1987. Ganye ne mai dawwama wanda ke samar da tabarmar ganye a kusa da caudex ɗinsa. Kowanne ganyen an raba shi zuwa ga takardu uku masu hakora. Furanni galibi suna da furanni biyar, amma wani lokacin huɗu ne kawai. Suna da siffar oval ko kuma ɗan siffar triangle, tsawonsu ya kai milimita 3 ko 4, kuma launinsu rawaya ne. A tsakiyar furen akwai furanni masu launin rawaya guda 15. 

Wannan shukar tana girma a cikin tsage-tsage da ramuka a cikin ganuwar duwatsu da duwatsu. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POCO16 Bayanin Shuke-shuke na USDA]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7234843}}
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  <page>
    <title>Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>175247</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971059</id>
      <parentid>948725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:21:45Z</timestamp>
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'''''Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri''''', '''ƙaton dutse na Cortez Hills''', nau'in ƙaramin katantanwa ne mai ruwan sha mai operculum, molluscs na ruwa ko micromolluscs a cikin dangin Hydrobiidae .

Matsugunin wannan nau'in halitta shine [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugan ruwa]] . Yana da alaƙa da wani marmaro a cikin tuddai na Cortez, Elko County, [[Nevada]], Amurka. 

== Bayani ==
''Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri'' ƙaramin katantanwa ne wanda tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|1.5|-|3.2|mm|in}} da kuma harsashi mai siffar globose zuwa ovate-conic. Ya bambanta da sauran ''Pyrgulopsis'' saboda filament ɗinsa na penial yana da rauni sosai kuma gajeriyar filament tare da kayan ado na penial wanda ya ƙunshi glandar ƙarshe mai rauni. 

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ikakalaka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176721</id>
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[[File:Congolese_weapons_-_Higgins_Armory_Museum_-_DSC05508.JPG|thumb|Hoton Ikakalaka (tsakiya) ]]{{Databox}}
'''Ikakalaka''', wanda kuma ake kira takobin Konda na Afirka, wani nau'in takobi ne wanda ya samo asali ne a karni na 19 tsakanin Mutanen Mongo a yankunan arewa maso yammacin abin da ke yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Sun zo ne a cikin siffofi da girma daban-daban, kuma an san su da kayan ado a kan takobi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blades of Power and Prestige |url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/striking-iron-the-art-of-african-blacksmiths/blades-of-power-and-prestige/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=africa.si.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126002754/https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/striking-iron-the-art-of-african-blacksmiths/blades-of-power-and-prestige/ |archive-date=2025-11-26 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama al'adun gargajiya a cikin karni na 21 godiya ga ƙirar takobi da siffar sa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-04-20 |title=The Konda Sword: Africa's Most Terrifying Blade and Weapon |url=https://swordis.com/blog/konda-sword/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301194440/https://swordis.com/blog/konda-sword/ |archive-date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=swordis.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
Sunan Konda, wanda ke nufin mafarauci a cikin yarensu, an yi imanin cewa an samo shi ne daga mutanen Konda guda ɗaya a cikin gandun daji na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, wanda zai iya gina takobi.

== Tarihi ==
Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Kongo, kamar [[Masarautar Lunda]], ya ga amfani da takobin Afirka daban-daban a yaƙi. Wasu takobi da takobi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin al'amuran bikin sun nuna ikon shugabannin da sarakuna kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai don kasuwanci. Lokacin da [[Mulkin mallaka na Afirka|mulkin mallaka]] ya fara, an haramtacciyar makamai masu tsayi, kuma kawai an ba da izinin makamai masu daraja, wanda ya haifar da shahararren takobi na Konda.

== Amfani da shi ==
Baya ga amfani da su azaman makamai, an yi amfani da wasu Kondas azaman alamomin matsayi na zamantakewa tsakanin maza da mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hakanan ana iya amfani da su don bukukuwan ƙauye, al'ada, hadayu, da kisa. Amfani iri-iri ya haifar da siffofi da girma daban-daban tsakanin takobin Konda. Ikon ma'aikacin ƙarfe, asalin kabilanci na mutum, da kuma amfani da makamin da aka yi niyya duk sun shafi nau'in ƙarshe na takobi.

== A cikin almara ==

# Megatron ya yi amfani da takobi na Ikakalaka a cikin ''Transformers: The Last Knight'' .

# Takobin Ikakalaka tare da [[Māshi|mashi]] na iklwa, duka biyu tare da takalma na vibranium, ta hanyar Marvel Cinematic version na Erik Killmonger a ''Black Panther'' .

# Providence from Risk of Rain yana amfani da babban takobi na Ikakalaka tare da baƙar fata da kuma cyan blade.

# A cikin Yarima na Farisa: Warrior A ciki, Yarima ya sami Ikakalaka da ake kira &quot;The Spider Sword&quot; a matsayin makaminsa na uku a wasan.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jamie Anne Allman</title>
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    <id>176754</id>
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'''Jamie Anne Allman''' (née '''Brown'''; an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1977) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Terry Marek a kan AMC's The Killing, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-22 |title=The Killing Season 2 Finale Explained |url=https://screenrant.com/killing-show-season-2-finale-explained/ |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Day In The Life Of Married 'True Blood' And 'The Killing' Stars Jamie And Marshall Allman |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/a-birthday-in-the-life-married-true-blood-and-the-killing-stars-marshall-and-jamie-allman-2012-4?IR=T |website=businessinsider}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Connie Riesler a kan wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan sanda na FX The Shield .
== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Allman ya girma a gona a [[Kansas]] .  Allman ya dauki darussan wasan kwaikwayo a Playhouse West a [[Los Angeles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 3, 2012 |title=THE KILLING – Jamie Anne Allman |url=http://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2012/05/the-killing-jamie-anne-allman/ |access-date=November 1, 2014 |publisher=Wonderland Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
[[File:Jamie_Anne_Allman_in_&quot;The_Love_Affair&quot;,_three_quarters_view.jpg|thumb|Allman a cikin The Love Affair, gajeren fim na 2010]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Fim din
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
|-
|1999
|''Fashionably L.A.''
|Kassidy ta rigar
|
|-
|2001
|''Shi ne Abin da yake''
|Iris
|
|-
|2003
|''Ni ne Resume na''
|Kelly
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2004
|''{{Sortname|The|Notebook|The Notebook (2004 film)}}''
|Martha Shaw
|
|-
|2005
|''Na atomatik''
|Austin
|
|-
|2005
|''AdCorp, Inc.''
|Trisha
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2006
|''Birnin Karfe''
|Maria Lee
|
|-
|2006
|''Danny Roane: Daraktan Lokaci na Farko''
|Candice Sauvigne
|
|-
|2007
|''{{Sortname|A|Day with the Urns}}''
|Jackie
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2007
|''Abincin 4 Ni''
|Lisa
|
|-
|2008
|''Rashin zazzabi''
|Olivia Thibodeaux
|Bidiyo
|-
|2008
|''Duniya ce kawai''
|Kate
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2008
|''Gidan gona''
|Scarlet
|
|-
|2008
|''A cikin Duhu''
|Sharon
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2009
|''Ƙauna Bayan Rayuwa''
|Elizabeth
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2009
|''{{Sortname|A|Hundred &amp; Forty-Six Questions}}''
|Amanda
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2009
|''{{Sortname|The|Donner Party|The Donner Party (2009 film)}}''
|Eleanor Eddy
|
|-
|2010
|''{{Sortname|The|Love Affair}}''
|Melanie Troy
|Gajeren fim
|-
|2011
|''Ayyukan Ƙarshe na Joe May''
|Jenny Rapp
|
|-
|2012
|''Kowace Rana Yanzu''
|Marianna
|
|-
|2016
|''Tekun Salton''
|Direban
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Six LA Love Stories|Labaran soyayya guda shida na LA]]''
|Mara Townsend
|
|-
|2018
|''Mutumin Farko''
|Mai ba da rahoto na lokaci
|
|-
|2023
|''Hanyar tafiya''
|Gidan kwana
|
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Talabijin
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
|-
|2000
|''{{Sortname|The|Fugitive}}''
|Bree Davis
|Fim: &quot;Milot&quot;Fim: &quot;Handunan Baƙo&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|2001
|''{{Sortname|The|Practice}}''
|Michelle Tritter
|Fim: &quot;Tashi&quot; Fim: Gideon's Crossover&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|2001
|''Dokar Iyali''
|Chloe Frye
|Fim: &quot;Yana kawo jarirai&quot;
|-
|2001
|''NYPD Blue''
|Noelle Burnett
|Fim: &quot;A karkashin Rufe&quot;
|-
|2001
|''Jama'a na Boston''
|Sharon
|Kashi: &quot;Babi na 27&quot;
|-
|2002
|''Ƙafafu shida a ƙarƙashin''
|Mace mai junkie
|Fim: &quot;Mace marar ganuwa&quot;
|-
|2002
|''{{Sortname|The|Guardian|The Guardian (TV series)}}''
|Mandy Gressler
|Abubuwa 3
|-
|2002
|''CSI: Miami''
|Jane Renshaw
|Kashi: &quot;Kasuwa Ɗaya&quot;
|-
|2002–03
|''Fastlane''
|Sophia Jones
|Abubuwan da suka faru: &quot;Ruwa&quot; da &quot;Slippery Slope&quot;
|-
|2002–03
|''{{Sortname|The|Shield}}''
|Connie Riesler
|Abubuwa 7
|-
|2003
|''{{Sortname|The|Division}}''
|Allison Hardwin
|Fim: &quot;Bincike&quot;
|-
|2003
|''Yanayin sanyi''
|Gwen Deamer (2003) 
|Kashi: &quot;Gleen&quot;
|-
|2003
|''Matrix na barazana''
|Hannah McLoughlin
|Fim: &quot;Masu kisan kai na halitta&quot;
|-
|2004
|''CSI: Binciken Yanayin Laifi''
|Celeste Turner
|Fim: &quot;Takarda ta Flastic?&quot;
|-
|2004
|''Birnin Karni''
|Sarah Flynn
|Kashi: &quot;Kai kaɗai&quot;
|-
|2006
|''Dattijai''
|Jennie Mandeville
|Fim: &quot;Mista Monk da Babban Kyauta&quot;
|-
|2006
|''Kusa da Gida''
|Tara Welch
|Fim: &quot;Davidi da Goliyat&quot;
|-
|2007
|''K-Birnin''
|Jese
|Kashi: &quot;Moyin jirgin sama&quot;
|-
|2009
|''{{Sortname|The|Closer}}''
|Kelli Malone
|Kashi: &quot;Kasuwanci Biyu&quot;
|-
|2009
|''Ceton Alheri''
|Gloria Carter
|Kashi: &quot;Shin zan mutu Yau?&quot;
|-
|2009
|''Koguna Uku''
|Laura
|Fim: &quot;Mutumin da ya fi dacewa&quot;
|-
|2011
|''Abubuwan da ba a sani ba''
|Bebe Langford
|Fim: &quot;Horse to Water&quot;
|-
|2011–12
|''{{Sortname|The|Killing|The Killing (U.S. TV series)}}''
|Terry Marek
|Jerin na yau da kullun
|-
|2014
|''Ƙashin ƙasusuwa''
|Kara O'Malley
|Fim: &quot;Babban a cikin Philippines&quot;
|-
|2015
|''Chicago P.D.''
|Linda Sovana
|Fim: &quot;An haife shi cikin mummunan labarai&quot;
|-
|2016
|''Tsawon Tsaro''
|Tamar Smith
|Fim: &quot;Daya daga cikin Kyakkyawan Tunawa&quot; Fim: &quot;&quot;A Fog That Won't Lift&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|2016
|''Mai wa'azi''
|Betsy Schenck
|
|-
|2018
|''S.W.A.T.''
|Lara Stone
|Kashi: &quot;Cutar&quot;
|-
|2018
|''Shirye-shiryen''
|Yuni Leighton
|Abubuwa 2
|-
|2019
|''Ni ne Dare''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-02-15 |title=I Am The Night: 10 Things Fans Totally Missed |url=https://screenrant.com/tnt-i-am-the-night-things-fans-totally-missed/ |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Tamar Hodel
|Fim: &quot;Aloha&quot;
|-
|2019–20
|''Bosch''
|Elizabeth Clayton
|Abubuwa 12
|-
|2019
|''Tunanin Laifi''
|Stephanie Carter
|Fim: &quot;Cutar da Mugunta&quot;
|-
|2020
|''Dukkanin Rashin''
|Jordan Woodley
|Fim: &quot;Muna tafiya tare da ita&quot;
|-
|2022
|''Ciki''
|Elaine
|Abubuwa 4
|}

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Mijinta, Marshall Allman, shi ma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sidereel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jamie Anne Allman Interview |url=http://reeltv.sidereel.com/the-killing-amc-exclusive-interview-jamie-anne-allman-killing-season-2-sidereel-celebrity-053012/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716022321/http://reeltv.sidereel.com/the-killing-amc-exclusive-interview-jamie-anne-allman-killing-season-2-sidereel-celebrity-053012/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=18 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Allman ta haifi tagwaye a shekara ta 2013,  da kuma 'yar a shekara ta 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Leon |first=Anya |date=May 24, 2013 |title=Marshall and Jamie Anne Allman Welcome Twins Asher and Oliver |url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2013/05/24/jamie-anne-allman-welcomes-twin-sons-asher-and-oliver/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608024023/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2013/05/24/jamie-anne-allman-welcomes-twin-sons-asher-and-oliver/ |archive-date=June 8, 2013 |access-date=May 27, 2013 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

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'''Jean Arthur''' (an haife ta '''Gladys Georgianna Greene'''; 17 ga Oktoba, 1900 - 19 ga Yuni, 1991)  'yar fim ce ta Amurka kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo wacce aikinta ya fara a fina-finai masu shiru a farkon shekarun 1920 kuma ya kasance har zuwa farkon shekarun 1950.
Arthur yana da matsayi a cikin fina-finai uku na Frank Capra: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) tare da Gary Cooper, You Can't Take It with You (1938) tare da James Stewart, da Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), kuma tare da Stewart. Wadannan fina-finai guda uku duk sun goyi bayan &quot; jarumi na yau da kullun&quot;, wanda Arthur ya nuna. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Cary Grant a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kasada kawai Mala'iku suna da Wings (1939) da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo The Talk of the Town (1942). Ta fito a matsayin jagora a cikin fina-finai masu ban dariya masu cin nasara The Devil and Miss Jones (1941) da A Foreign Affair (1948), wanda ta fito tare da Marlene Dietrich . An zabi Arthur don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a shekarar 1944 don rawar da ta taka a cikin The More the Merrier (1943), wasan kwaikwayo wanda kuma Joel McCrea ta fito.&lt;ref name=&quot;oscars1944&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2014 |title=The 16th Academy Awards |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715164124/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1944 |archive-date=July 15, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2015 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

James Harvey ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya: &quot;Babu wanda aka fi ganewa da wasan kwaikwayo na screwball fiye da Jean Arthur. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na shi, ta kasance tauraruwar ta bayyana ta hanyarsa, cewa salon screwball kanta kusan ba za a iya tunaninsa ba tare da ita ba. &quot;An kira ta &quot;mafi mahimmancin mace mai ban dariya&quot;. Ayyukan fim dinta na karshe ba na ban dariya ba ne, suna wasa da matar mai gida a cikin ''Shane'' na George Stevens a 1953.

Kamar Greta Garbo, Arthur sananne ne a Hollywood saboda rashin amincewarta da talla; an kiyaye ta sosai game da sirrinta kuma ba ta sanya hannu kan takardun shaida ko kuma ba ta tambayoyi. LIFE da aka lura a cikin wata kasida a cikin fitowar 11 ga Maris 1940, &quot;Bayan Garbo, Jean Arthur ita ce mace mai ban mamaki ta Hollywood. &quot;Kazalika da komawa baya daga tambayoyin, bayan wani shekaru, ta guji masu daukar hoto kuma ta ki zama wani ɓangare na kowane irin talla.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Arthur Gladys Georgianna Greene a Plattsburgh, New York, ga iyayensa Johanna Augusta Nelson da Hubert Sidney Greene .  Kakannin mahaifiyar Gladys sun yi hijira daga Norway zuwa Yammacin Amurka bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kakanninta sun yi hijira daga Ingila zuwa Rhode Island a rabi na biyu na karni na 17. A cikin shekarun 1790, Nathaniel Greene ya taimaka wajen gano garin St. Albans, Vermont, inda aka haifi jikansa, Hubert Greene.

Samfurin yarinta, Arthur ya zauna a wasu lokuta a Saranac Lake, New York; Jacksonville, Florida, da Schenectady, New York. Iyalin sun zauna a Westbrook, Maine, daga 1908 zuwa 1915, yayin da mahaifin Arthur ya yi aiki a Lamson Studios a Portland. Komawa a 1915 zuwa Birnin New York, iyalin suka zauna a unguwar [[Manhattan]]&quot; id=&quot;mwbg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Washington Heights, Manhattan&quot;&gt;Washington Heights na saman Manhattan.

Arthur ta bar makarantar sakandare a shekarunta na farko saboda &quot;canji a yanayin iyali&quot;.

== Ayyuka ==

=== Fim mara sauti ===
[[File:Cameo_Kirby_(1923)_-_1.jpg|thumb|Tallace-tallace na ''Cameo Kirby'' daga 8 ga Yuli, 1923 Film Daily''Fim na yau da kullun'']]
Fox Film Studios ta gano ta yayin da take yin samfurin kasuwanci a Birnin New York a farkon shekarun 1920, sabon mai suna Jean Arthur ya sauka kwangilar shekara guda kuma ya fara fitowa a fim din ''Cameo Kirby'' (1923), wanda John Ford ya jagoranta. An san ta da sunan ta daga manyan jarumai biyu, [[Joan of Arc|Joan na Arc]] (Jeanne d'Arc) da Sarki Arthur .  Gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana neman sabbin masoya na Amurka tare da isasshen roƙon jima'i don sha'awar masu sauraron Jazz Age. An sake fasalin Arthur a matsayin irin wannan hali, flapper.
[[File:The_Temple_of_Venus_(1923)_-_1.jpg|thumb|Tallace-tallace na ''Haikali na Venus'' daga Yuli 8, 1923 Film Daily''Fim na yau da kullun'']]
Bayan karamin rawar da ta taka a cikin ''Cameo Kirby'', ta sami rawar mata ta farko a cikin ''Haikali na Venus'' (1923), wani labari mara ma'ana game da ƙungiyar 'yan wasan rawa. Ba ta gamsu da rashin baiwar yin wasan kwaikwayo ba, darektan fim din, Henry Otto, ya maye gurbin Arthur da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Mary Philbin a rana ta uku ta harbi. Arthur ya yarda da darektan: &quot;Babu wani hasken wuta daga ciki. Ina aiki kamar halin yar tsana na inji. Na yi tunanin an kunyata ni da rai&quot;.

Arthur tana shirin barin masana'antar fina-finai ta California har abada, amma ba tare da son rai ba ta zauna saboda kwangilarta, kuma ta bayyana a cikin gajerun fina-fakkaatu, a maimakon haka. Duk da rashin baiwar da ake buƙata, Arthur yana son yin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin &quot;ƙwarewa&quot;. Don samun wasu shahara, ta yi rajistar kanta a cikin kundin adireshin birnin Los Angeles a matsayin mai daukar hoto, tare da bayyana a cikin fim din gabatarwa don sabon gidan wasan dare na Encino, amma ba tare da amfani ba.

Canji ya zo ne lokacin da wata rana ta bayyana a cikin Hotunan Action, wanda ya samar da B Westerns, kuma ya burge mai shi, Lester F. Scott, Jr., tare da kasancewarta. Ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da dama a kan wani ba a sani ba, kuma an jefa ta a cikin Yammacin Turai sama da 20 a cikin shekaru biyu. Kawai samun $ 25 a hoto, Arthur ya sha wahala daga mawuyacin yanayin aiki: &quot;An harbe fina-finai a wurin, sau da yawa a cikin hamada kusa da Los Angeles, a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi wanda ya sa makogwaro ya zama fata da kuma kayan shafawa ya gudana. Ba a sami ruwa mai gudana a ko'ina ba, har ma da gidaje masu tsada a waɗannan fina-finen sau da yawa ainihin cowboys ne, maza masu tsananin waɗanda aka saba da su don tsoratar da shi kuma waɗanda ba su da amfani ga waɗanda ba su ba su ba.Fim din sun sami nasara a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na biyu na Midwestern, kodayake Arthur bai sami kulawa ta hukuma ba. Baya ga bayyana a fina-finai na Action Pictures tsakanin 1924 da 1926, ta yi aiki a wasu Yammacin Turai masu zaman kansu, ciki har da The Drug Store Cowboy (1925), da Yammacin Talauci Row, tare da samun wani ɓangare da ba a san shi ba a Buster Keaton's Seven Chances (1925) a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin.

A shekara ta 1927, Arthur ta ja hankalin mutane lokacin da ta bayyana a gaban Mae Busch da Charles Delaney a matsayin yarinya mai suna golden-digging chorus a Husband Hunters . Daga baya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Monty Banks ne ya yi mata soyayya a cikin Horse Shoes (1927), duka cin nasara ce ta kasuwanci da kuma gagarumin nasara. An jefa ta ne a kan dagewar Banks, kuma ta sami albashi na $ 700. Bayan haka, darektan Richard Wallace ya yi watsi da sha'awar Fox na jefa wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ƙwarewa ta hanyar sanya Arthur ga jagorancin mata a cikin The Poor Nut (1927), wasan kwaikwayo na kwaleji, wanda ya ba ta damar bayyanawa ga masu sauraro. Wani mai bita na Variety bai kare actress a cikin bita ba:&lt;blockquote&gt;Tare da kowa a Hollywood yana alfahari game da yawan 'yan mata masu kyau duk suna bugawa a kan ƙofofin darektan da ke haifar da bayyanar a cikin hotuna, yana da ban mamaki cewa daga duk waɗannan ya kamata a zaɓi samfurori biyu masu laushi kamar Jean Arthur da Jane Winton. Babu ɗayan 'yan mata da ke da bayyanar allo. Ko da a karkashin kulawa mafi kyau daga kyamara, ba su da kyau kuma a cikin daya ko biyu gefe kusan ba zai yiwu ba.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[File:Warming_Up_lobby_card.jpg|thumb|Katin Lobby wanda ke nuna Jean Arthur da Richard Dix a ''Warming Up'' (1928) ]]
Da yake ta gaji da hanyar da aikinta ke ɗauka, Arthur ta bayyana sha'awarta don babban hutu a cikin wata hira a lokacin. Ta kasance mai shakka lokacin da ta sanya hannu kan karamin rawa a ''Warming Up'' (1928), fim din da aka samar don babban ɗakin karatu, Famous Players-Lasky, kuma yana nuna babban tauraron Richard Dix . An inganta shi a matsayin fim din sauti na farko na ɗakin studio, ya sami kulawa ta kafofin watsa labarai, kuma Arthur ta sami yabo saboda hotonta na 'yar mai kulob din baseball. Variety ya ce, &quot;Dix da Arthur suna da kyau duk da mummunan abu&quot;, yayin da Screenland ya rubuta cewa Arthur &quot;yana daya daga cikin matasa masu kyau waɗanda suka taɓa yin fim din Dix. Jean tana da kyau; ba ta da kama ko kuma tana aiki kamar jarumi na fim na yau da kullun. Ita yarinya ce mai kyau - amma tana da lokacinta&quot;.&amp;nbsp;Nasarar ''Warming Up'' ta haifar da sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da ɗakin studio, nan da nan za a san shi da Paramount Pictures, a $ 150 a mako.

=== Canjin zuwa fim din sauti ===
[[File:Canary_Murder_Case_poster.jpg|thumb|Hoton taga don The Canary Murder Case (1929) ]]
Tare da tasowa na talkies a ƙarshen 1920s, Arthur ya kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu yawa na Paramount Pictures da farko ba sa son daidaitawa da fina-finai masu sauti. Bayan ta fahimci cewa sha'awar fina-finai na sauti ba wani lokaci ba ne, sai ta sadu da kocin sauti Roy Pomeroy. Muryarta ta musamman, mai cike da makogwaro - ban da wasu horo a Broadway a farkon shekarun 1930 - daga ƙarshe ya taimaka mata ta zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai, amma da farko ya hana daraktoci jefa ta cikin fina-filimu. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;A cikin maganganunta na farko, wannan muryar &quot;mai tsananin jini&quot; har yanzu ta ɓace, kuma ko ba ta fito ba ko kuma ta ɓoye ta ba a san ta ba. Fim dinta na farko da ke magana shi ne The Canary Murder Case (1929), inda ta yi aiki tare da [[William Powell]] da Louise Brooks . Arthur ya burge 'yan kalilan ne kawai tare da fim din, kuma daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa a lokacin ta kasance &quot;mace-mace mai matukar damuwa ... mai matukar damuwa don ingantawa, amma ... ba ta da kwarewa har zuwa horo na gaske. &quot;

A farkon shekarun hotunan magana, an san Paramount da yin kwangila da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway tare da ƙwarewar murya da nassoshi masu ban sha'awa. Arthur ba ta cikin waɗannan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba, kuma ta yi gwagwarmaya don samun karbuwa a masana'antar fina-finai. Hadin gwiwarta da babban jami'in Paramount David O. Selznick - duk da dangantakarsa da Irene Mayer Selznick- ya kasance mai mahimmanci; an sanya ta a taswirar kuma an zaba ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin WAMPAS Baby Stars a 1929. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Bayan wani shiru B Western da ake kira Stairs of Sand (1929), ta sami wasu sanarwa masu kyau lokacin da ta taka rawar mata a cikin samar da The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1929).  An ba Arthur ƙarin ayyukan talla, wanda ta gudanar, kodayake ba ta son yin hoto ga masu daukar hoto da ba da tambayoyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;fivtyeight&quot; /&gt;
[[File:The_Saturday_Night_Kid_Promo.jpg|thumb|Hoton gabatarwa na Jean Arthur, Clara Bow, Jean Harlow, da Leone Lane don The Saturday Night Kid (1929) ]]
Ta hanyar Selznick, Arthur ta sami &quot;mafi kyawun rawar da ta taka har zuwa yau&quot; a gaban sanannen alamar jima'i Clara Bow a cikin fim din sauti na farko The Saturday Night Kid (1929).  Daga cikin mata biyu masu jagoranta, an yi tunanin Arthur yana da &quot;mafi kyawun ɓangaren&quot;, kuma darektan Edward Sutherland ya yi iƙirarin, &quot;Arthur yana da kyau sosai har dole ne mu yanke kuma mu yanke don hana ta sata hoton&quot; daga Bow. Duk da yake wasu sun yi jayayya cewa Bow ya yi fushi da Arthur saboda samun &quot;mafi kyawun bangare,&quot;  Bow ya ƙarfafa Arthur ya yi amfani da samarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;runninwild&quot; /&gt; Arthur daga baya ya yaba da kwarewar aikinta tare da Bow: &quot;[Bow] ya kasance mai karimci, babu girman kai ko wani abu. &quot;  Fim din ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare ni. &quot;  Fim din nasara ne mai matsakaici, kuma The New York Times ya rubuta cewa fim din zai kasance &quot;ya zama na kowa, idan ba ga Jean Arthur ba, wanda ke taka rawar 'yar'uwa mai banƙyama da ƙwarewa sosai. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;sixtyone&quot; /&gt;

Bayan rawar da ta taka a Half way to Heaven (1929) a gaban shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Charles &quot;Buddy&quot; Rogers (wanda Variety ya yi imanin cewa aikinta na iya zuwa wani wuri idan ta sami ƙarin roƙon jima'i),  Selznick ta sanya ta ta ta yi wasa da matar William Powell a Street of Chance (1930). Ba ta burge darektan fim din ba, John Cromwell, wanda ya shawarci 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta koma New York saboda ba za ta yi a Hollywood ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;sixtyone&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1930, dangantakarta da Selznick ta ƙare, wanda ya sa aikinta a Paramount ya ɓace. Bayan jerin &quot;rashin rayuwa&quot; a cikin fina-finai marasa kyau, ta fara fitowa a kan mataki a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1930 tare da rawar goyon baya a cikin Pasadena Playhouse na kwanaki 10 na Spring Song . Komawa a Hollywood, Arthur ta ga aikinta ya lalace, kuma ta canza gashin kanta a cikin ƙoƙari na bunkasa hotonta da kauce wa kwatanta da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai nasara Mary Brian. Kokarinta bai biya ba; lokacin da kwangilarta ta shekaru uku a Paramount ta ƙare a tsakiyar 1931, an sake ta tare da sanarwar daga Paramount cewa shawarar ta kasance ne saboda matsalolin kudi da Babban Mawuyacin ya haifar.&lt;ref name=&quot;sixtyfour&quot; /&gt;

=== Broadway ===
A ƙarshen 1931, Arthur ya koma Birnin New York, inda wakilin Broadway ya jefa Arthur a cikin gyare-gyaren ''Lysistrata'', wanda aka buɗe a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Riviera a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1932. Bayan 'yan watanni, ta fara fitowa a Broadway a cikin ''Harkokin Waje'' a gaban Dorothy Gish da Osgood Perkins . Kodayake wasan bai yi kyau ba kuma ya rufe bayan wasan kwaikwayo 23, masu sukar sun burge ta da aikinta a kan mataki. Daga bisani ta lashe jagorancin mata a cikin The Man Who Reclaimed His Head, wanda aka buɗe a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1932, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadhurst don mafi yawan sanarwa ga Arthur; sake dubawa mara kyau ga wasan ya sa a dakatar da samarwa da sauri. Arthur ta koma California don bukukuwan, kuma ta bayyana a fim din RKO The Past of Mary Holmes (1933), fim dinta na farko a cikin shekaru biyu.

Komawa a Broadway, Arthur ya ci gaba da bayyana a cikin ƙananan wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ba su da hankali sosai. Masu sukar, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da yabon ta a cikin sake dubawa. A wannan lokacin, Arthur ya haɓaka amincewa da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a karon farko. A kan bambancin da ke tsakanin fina-finai a Hollywood da wasan kwaikwayo a New York, Arthur ya yi sharhi:&lt;blockquote&gt;Ba na tsammanin Hollywood shine wurin zama kai. Mutumin ya kamata ya sami kansa kafin ya zo Hollywood. A kan mataki na sami kaina a cikin duniya daban. Mutumin ya ƙidaya. Darakta ya ƙarfafa ni kuma na koyi yadda zan kasance kaina....Na koyi fuskantar masu sauraro da kuma manta da su. Don ganin fitilun ƙafa kuma kada a gan su; don auna halayen daruruwan mutane, kuma duk da haka don jefa kaina gaba ɗaya cikin rawar da ban manta da halayensu ba.&lt;/blockquote&gt;The Curtain Rises, wanda ya gudana daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba 1933, shine wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Broadway na Arthur wanda ta kasance cibiyar kulawa. Tare da ingantaccen resumen, ta koma Hollywood a ƙarshen 1933, kuma ta ƙi tayin kwangila da yawa har sai an nemi ta sadu da wani zartarwa daga Columbia Pictures. Columbia ta hayar da ita.

=== Hotunan Columbia ===
A lokacin samar da fasalin Columbia na farko, an ba ta kwangila na dogon lokaci wanda ya yi alkawarin kwanciyar hankali na kudi ga kanta da iyayenta. Ko da yake tana jinkirin barin aikinta na mataki, Arthur ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyar a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1934.

Abubuwa biyu na farko na Jean Arthur don Columbia sun fito ne daga zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, tauraron aiki Jack Holt. Holt yana da mabiya masu aminci tsakanin magoya baya da masu baje kolin, kuma shugaban Columbia Harry Cohn ya san cewa Arthur zai amfana daga fallasawa, da kuma aiki tare da tsohon soja Holt. ''Whirlpool'' ya jefa Holt mai tsananin damuwa a matsayin mai caca da aka yanke masa hukunci wanda ya sake haduwa da 'yar da bai taba gani ba. Arthur ya buga 'yar da gaskiya da tausayi, yayin da Holt ya nuna tausayi da tausayi da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na hannunsa biyu. The Hollywood Reporter ya lura, &quot;Musamman abin da ya shafi kuma ya yi kyau shi ne abubuwan da [Holt] ke ciki tare da 'yarsa. Jean Arthur, da kuma darektan, Roy William Neill sun ba shi taimako mai kyau. Ba tare da nunawa ko jin dadi ba, waɗannan al'amuran suna da dabi'a, ingancin ɗan adam wanda ke ƙidaya&quot;.

Nasarar Arthur a cikin hotuna na Holt yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan hangen nesa na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, a cewar Picture Play:&lt;blockquote&gt;Dukan halinta ya canza, kuma daga wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai kyau amma babu wata iyawa mai ban mamaki da ta yi fure ta zama mai zane-zane na musamman, kuma nan gaba ce kawai za ta iya sanin yadda za ta tashi.[Ta] yanzu tana karɓar, daga ''Whirlpool'' kadai, amincewar cewa duk wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da ta fi ƙwarewa za ta iya ciyar da shekaru a cikin ginawa.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Fim dinta na gaba, Party Wire (1935), Public Hero No. 1 (1935), da If You Could Only Cook (1935), ba su dace da nasarar The Whole Town's Talking ba, amma dukansu sun kawo wa actress kyakkyawan bita. A cikin bita ga The New York Times, mai sukar Andre Sennwald ya yaba da aikin Arthur a cikin ''Jarumi na Jama'a No. 1'', yana rubuta cewa &quot;yana da sauya canji daga al'amuran yarinya kamar yadda Joseph Calleia ke cikin sashen kansa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Read TCM's article on Public Hero No. 1 |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2383/public-hero-no-1#articles-reviews |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526164703/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2383/Public-Hero-No-1/articles.html |archive-date=May 26, 2013 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wani mai sukar ya rubuta game da rawar da ta taka a cikin If You Could Only Cook cewa &quot; fitacciya ce yayin da ta yi tsalle ba tare da ƙoƙari ba daga mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha-hadar zuwa kyakkyawa mai ban shaʼawa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Read TCM's article on If You Could Only Cook |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/78966/if-you-could-only-cook#articles-reviews |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204033556/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/78966/If-You-Could-Only-Cook/articles.html |archive-date=December 4, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2012 |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;Tare da bayyanar da ta samu a yanzu zuwa shahara, Arthur ya sami damar cire yarjejeniya da yawa daga Harry Cohn, kamar rubutun da amincewar darektan da kuma haƙƙin yin fina-finai ga wasu ɗakunan karatu.
[[File:Gary_Cooper_in_Mr._Deeds_Goes_to_Town_trailer.JPG|thumb|Tare da Gary Cooper a cikin Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) ]]
Canjin da ya faru a cikin aikin Arthur ya zo ne lokacin da Frank Capra ya zaba ta a cikin Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936). Capra ya gan ta a cikin gaggawa na yau da kullun  daga fim din ''Whirlpool'' a cikin 1934  kuma ya shawo kan Cohn ya sanya mata hannu a fim dinsa na gaba, yana wasa da wata jarida mai tsananin gaske wacce ta fada cikin soyayya da wani dan kasar. Kodayake abokan aiki da yawa daga baya sun tuna cewa Arthur ya damu da matsanancin tsoro a lokacin samarwa, Mista Deeds ya sami yabo sosai kuma ya sa ta zama sananniyar duniya. A cikin 1936 kadai, ta sami $ 119,000, fiye da Shugaban Amurka da tauraron baseball Lou Gehrig sun ''haɗe''.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Salary History for the President of the United States |url=https://www.presidentsusa.net/presidentsalaryhistory.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212002847/https://www.presidentsusa.net/presidentsalaryhistory.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |website=PresidentsUSA.net}}. The President of the United States made $75,000 from 1909 to 1949.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lou Gehrig |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/gehrilo01.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203165058/http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/gehrilo01.shtml |archive-date=December 3, 2010 |website=Baseball Reference}} Lou Gehrig made $23,000 in 1936.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da shahara kuma ya zo da hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, wani abu da Arthur bai so sosai ba. Ba ta halarci kowane taron jama'a ba, kamar jam'iyyun da aka yi a Hollywood, kuma ta yi aiki da wahala lokacin da za ta yi aiki tare da mai tambayoyin. An kira ta Amurka Greta Garbo - wacce aka kuma san ta da rayuwarta ta warewa - kuma mujallar Movie Classic ta rubuta game da ita a 1937: &quot;Tare da Garbo yana magana da ƙarfi a cikin tambayoyin, yana karɓar manema labarai har ma da maraba da damar da za ta ce a cikin bugawa na jama'a, dabino don ɓoyewa tsakanin taurarin allo yanzu yana zuwa Jean Arthur&quot;.
[[File:The_Plainsman_-_Jean_Arthur_et_Gary_Cooper_2.png|thumb|Gary Cooper a matsayin Wild Bill Hickok da Jean Arthur a matsayin Calamity Jane a cikin The Plainsman (1936) ]]
[[File:You_Can't_Take_It_with_You_trailer_1.jpg|thumb|Tare da James Stewart a cikin You Can't Take It with You (1938) ]]
[[File:James_Stewart_&amp;_Jean_Arthur_Mr._Smith_Goes_to_Washington_Still.jpg|thumb|Tare da James Stewart a cikin Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) ]]
Fim din Arthur na gaba shi ne The Ex-Mrs . ''Tsoffin Uwargidan. Bradford'' (1936), a kan aro ga Hotunan RKO, inda ta yi fice a gaban William Powell a kan dagewarsa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Notes for The Ex-Mrs. Bradford |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2551/the-ex-mrs-bradford#notes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526173832/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2551/The-Ex-Mrs-Bradford/notes.html |archive-date=May 26, 2013 |access-date=November 19, 2012 |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma tana fatan yin hutu mai tsawo daga baya. Cohn, duk da haka, ya gaggauta ta cikin wasu shirye-shirye guda biyu, Adventure in Manhattan (1936) da More Than a Secretary (1936). Babu wani fim din da ya ja hankalin mutane sosai.

Bayan haka, kuma ba tare da tsayawa ba, an sake yin ta tare da Cooper, tana wasa da Calamity Jane a cikin Cecil B. DeMille's The Plainsman (1936) a wani rance, a wannan lokacin don Hotunan Paramount. Arthur, wanda shine zaɓi na biyu na De Mille bayan [[Mae West]], ya bayyana Calamity Jane a matsayin rawar da ta fi so har zuwa yanzu.

Ta kasance mai karfi sosai a ofishin ta yanzu cewa ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe hudu don rawar Scarlett O'Hara a Gone with the Wind (1939). Mai shirya fim din, David O. Selznick, ya ɗan soyayya da Arthur a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 lokacin da suke tare da Paramount. Arthur ya sake haɗuwa da darektan Frank Capra da Stewart don Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), tare da Arthur ya sake jefawa a matsayin mace mai aiki, a wannan lokacin wanda ke koya wa Mista Smith hanyoyin Washington, DC. An ba Arthur karo na uku tare da Capra da Stewart a cikin It's a Wonderful Life (1946), tana taka rawar matar Stewart Mary (wanda daga ƙarshe ya tafi Donna Reed), amma ta ki taka rawar don halartar Kwalejin Stephens.

Arthur ya ci gaba da fitowa a fina-finai kamar Howard Hawks' Only Angels Have Wings (kuma 1939), tare da Cary Grant, The Talk of the Town (1942), wanda George Stevens ya jagoranta (tare da Cary grant da Ronald Colman, suna aiki tare a lokaci guda, a matsayin manyan maza biyu na Arthur), kuma ga Stevens a matsayin magatakarda na gwamnati a cikin The More the Merrier (1943), wanda aka zabi Arthur don Kyautar Kwalejin Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Actress (ya rasa Jennifer Jones don The Song of Bernadette). A sakamakon kasancewa cikin rikici tare da shugaban studio Harry Cohn, kuɗin da ta yi na The Talk of the Town (1942) ya kai $ 50,000 kawai, yayin da abokan aikinta na maza Grant da Colman suka sami sama da $ 100,000 kowannensu.

== Ayyukansa na baya da ritaya ==
[[File:Jean_Arthur_in_Shane.jpg|right|thumb|Tare da Alan Ladd a cikin ''Shane'' (1953) ]]
Arthur ta sanar da ritayar ta lokacin da kwangilarta da Columbia Pictures ta kare a 1944. An ruwaito cewa ta gudu a titunan ɗakin studio, tana ihu &quot;Ina da 'yanci, ina da' yanci!&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Kim |date=May 5, 2020 |title=Jean Arthur, the Nonconformist |url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6930-jean-arthur-the-nonconformist |access-date=May 16, 2020 |website=The Criterion Collection |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta ƙi kusan duk tayin fim, ban da biyu sune Billy Wilder's A Foreign Affair (1948), inda ta taka rawar 'yar majalisa kuma abokin hamayyar Marlene Dietrich, kuma a matsayin matar mai gida a cikin classic Western ''Shane'' (1953), wanda ya zama babban ofishin akwatin aikinta. Wannan shi ne fim dinta na karshe, kuma fim din launi ne kawai wanda ta bayyana.

Ayyukan Arthur na bayan wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance masu saurin aiki, an ɗan rage su ta hanyar rashin jin daɗi da rashin jin daɗinsa game da aiki a cikin jama'a. Capra ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi amai a cikin ɗakinta tsakanin al'amuran, duk da haka ta fito a kowane lokaci don yin wani abu mara lahani. A cewar tarihin John Oller, Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew (1997), Arthur ya ci gaba da wani nau'in [[Tsoro a filin wasa|Tsoro na mataki]] wanda ke cike da cututtukan psychosomatic. Misali na farko shine a shekarar 1945, lokacin da aka jefa ta a matsayin jagora na wasan Yaron Kanin Born Yesterday . Rashin jin dadinta da rashin tsaro sun fice daga gare ta kuma ta bar samarwa kafin ta isa Broadway, ta buɗe ƙofar ga Judy Holliday da ba a sani ba a lokacin don ɗaukar bangare. Duk da haka, Arthur ya bayyana a matsayin Peter Pan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway na 1950 Peter Pan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Pan |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/peter-pan-2143#OpeningNightCast |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=ibdb.com |publisher=[[The Broadway League]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Jean_Arthur_Ron_Harper_Leonard_Stone_The_Jean_Arthur_Show.JPG|thumb|Tare da Ron Harper da Leonard Stone a cikin The Jean Arthur Show (1966) ]]
A shekara ta 1965, mai zaman kansa Arthur ya koma nuna kasuwanci don ya fito a cikin wani labari na ''Gunsmoke'', a matsayin Julie Blane a cikin kakar 10, episode 24 na &quot;Yaron Alhamis&quot;. A shekara ta 1966, ta ɗauki matsayin Patricia Marshall, [[lauya]], a cikin gidan talabijin nata, The Jean Arthur Show, wanda [[CBS]] ta soke a tsakiyar kakar wasa bayan aukuwa 12 kawai.

A shekara ta 1967, an tilasta wa Arthur ya koma Broadway don ya bayyana a matsayin &quot;spinster&quot; na Midwestern wanda ya fada tare da ƙungiyar Hippies a cikin wasan The Freaking Out of Stephanie Blake . A cikin littafinsa The Season, William Goldman ya sake gina mummunar samarwa, wanda daga ƙarshe ya rufe a ''Lokacin,'' da Arthur ya ki ci gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Kyle |date=May 19, 2021 |title=The best book on theater &amp;#124; The New Criterion |url=https://newcriterion.com/article/the-best-book-on-theater/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521121947/https://newcriterion.com/article/the-best-book-on-theater/ |archive-date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=May 21, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arthur na gaba ya yanke shawarar koyar da wasan kwaikwayo, da farko a Kwalejin Vassar sannan kuma a Makarantar Fasaha ta Arewacin Carolina.

Yayinda yake zaune a Arewacin Carolina, a cikin 1973, Arthur ya zama labarai na gaba ta hanyar kama shi kuma an ɗaure shi saboda shiga cikin dukiyar maƙwabci don ta'azantar da kare da ta ji ana wulakanta shi. Mai son dabbobi a duk rayuwarta, Arthur ta ce ta amince da su fiye da mutane. An same ta, an ci tarar $ 75, kuma an ba ta shekaru uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;gdt&quot; /&gt;

Bayan wasanni 11 na ''Litinin na farko a watan Oktoba'' a Cleveland, Ohio, a 1975, Arthur ya yi ritaya har abada, ya koma Driftwood Cottage, gidanta a kan teku a Carmel Point a kudancin iyakar birnin Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, &lt;ref name=&quot;masters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Russell Mac Masters |date=1976 |title=Architectural Digest: Jean Arthur |url=https://archive.architecturaldigest.com/article/1976/5/architectural-digest-visits-jean-arthur |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108180156/https://archive.architecturaldigest.com/article/1976/5/architectural-digest-visits-jean-arthur |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |access-date=November 8, 2022 |website=archive.architecturaldigest.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya ƙi yin hira har sai marubucin littafi game da Capra ya rushe juriyarta. Arthur ya taɓa shahara ya ce za ta fi so a yanke makogwaro fiye da yin hira.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Arthur ya zauna a Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, na tsawon shekaru 30,  kuma ya mutu daga [[gazawar zuciya]] a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1991,  yana da shekaru 90.  Ba a gudanar da jana'izar ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;tdh&quot; /&gt; An ƙone jikinta, kuma an warwatsa gawarwakinta a bakin tekun Point Lobos, California.

=== Gidan Driftwood ===

== Kyauta ==
Don gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar daukar hoto, Arthur tana da tauraro a kan Hollywood Walk of Fame a 6333 Hollywood Blvd . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jean Arthur |url=http://www.walkoffame.com/jean-arthur |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162233/http://www.walkoffame.com/jean-arthur |archive-date=February 5, 2015 |access-date=July 1, 2015 |website=Hollywood Walk of Fame}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 2014, an shigar da Arthur cikin Hall of Great Western Performers a National Cowboy &amp; Western Heritage Museum a Oklahoma City . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hall of Great Western Performers |url=https://nationalcowboymuseum.org/performers/1592/ |access-date=January 15, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2026, an san ta a matsayin Turner Classic Movies Star of the Month . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Star of the Month: Jean Arthur |url=https://www.tcm.com/articles/now-playing-newsletter/59835/star-of-the-month-jean-arthur |access-date=January 15, 2026 |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan rediyo ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Shirin
!Abubuwan da suka faru
|-
|1937
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Mista Deeds ya tafi garin''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=Winter 2014 |title=Those Were The Days |journal=Nostalgia Digest |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=32–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1937
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Mai Farin Ciki''
|-
|1938
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Sama ta Bakwai''
|-
|1939
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Mala'iku ne kawai ke da fuka-fuki''
|-
|1939
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Pygmalion''
|-
|1940
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Screen Guild''
|''Yezabila''
|-
|1941
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Ka tuna da Dare''
|-
|1943
|''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio''
|''Magana ta Birnin''
|-
|1953
|''Ƙungiyar Wasanni a cikin Air''
|''Babban Yawon shakatawa''
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tare da gabatarwa na Kwalejin
* Irene Dunne
* Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tare da taurarin fim na Hollywood Walk of Fame

== Manazarta ==
 

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/150871 Jean Arthur] - Fim din Turner Classic &quot;Star of the Month&quot; Bayanan martaba
* [http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2014/12/31/jean-arthur-vassar-college/21050123/ &quot;Tunanin kwanakin koyarwar Jean Arthur a Vassar&quot;] a cikin Poughkeepsie Journal, Disamba 31, 2014.
* John Oller Blog - na marubucin Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew, wanda ke dauke da sabuntawa ga bayanin da ke cikin littafinsa{{Spaced en dash}}
* [http://www.altfg.com/blog/actors/jean-arthur-on-tcm/ Soares, Andre: Jean Arthur a kan TCM], Alternative Film Guide

; Rubuce-rubuce

* [[villagevoice.com]]/2000-05-09/film/jean-therapy&quot; id=&quot;mwBdo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Atkinson, Michael: Jean Therapy villagevoice.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090815095716/http://www.flapperjane.com/April%202004/Jeanarthur.htm Gouveia, Michele: Yarinyar da ke da Croak: Jean Arthur]

; Bayanai

* [[catalog.afi.com]]/Person/80042-Jean-Arthur&quot; id=&quot;mwBeI&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Jean Arthur - catalog.afi.com
* Jean Arthura cikinCibiyar Bayanai ta Intanet ta Broadway 
* Jean Arthura cikinTCM Movie Database (an adana shi) 
* {{IMDb name|0000795}}
* [http://film.&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id= virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1174&quot; id=&quot;mwBe4&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Bayani game da Jean Arthur] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - virtual-history.com
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]]
[[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]]
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jerin lokaci na tarihin jinya a Ostiraliya da New Zealand</title>
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'''Jadawalin tarihin aikin jinya a Ostiraliya da New Zealand''' ya fara ne daga ƙarni na 19 zuwa yanzu.

== Karni na 18 zuwa 19 ==

=== Shekaru na 1780 ===

* 1788 - An kafa asibitin alfarwa a Dawes Point, Sydney bayan isowar First Fleet . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Godden |first=Judith |date=2008 |title=Hospitals |url=https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/sydney_journal/article/view/618 |journal=Sydney Journal |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= |doi=10.5130/sj.v1i2.618 |access-date=15 November 2024 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1789 - Arabanoo ma'aikatan jinya 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke fama da annobar kyanda amma sun mutu daga cutar.

=== Shekaru na 1810 ===

* 1811 - An kafa gidan kula da marasa lafiya na Castle Hill.
* 1816 - Bude &quot;Abincin Rum&quot;, daga baya Asibitin Sydney. Maza da mata da aka yanke musu hukunci sun fara aikin jinya.&lt;ref name=&quot;sydhosp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First public hospital |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/first-public-hospital |access-date=15 November 2024 |website= |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 1820 ===

* 1821 - An buɗe Asylum mai Kyau don kula da tsofaffi da sauransu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=John |date=2003 |title=The ennursement of old age in NSW: A history of nursing and the care of older people between white settlement and Federation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1322769608600505 |journal=Collegian |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=19–24 |doi=10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60050-5 |pmid=15470984 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shekaru na 1830 ===

* 1838 - Nurses na farko da aka horar sun isa Sydney, 'yan uwa mata biyar na Irish.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shand |first=M. Bernadette |date=1989 |title=150th Anniversary of the Arrival of the Sisters of Charity in Australia 1838–1988 |url=https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:205765/s00855804_1989_13_9_331.pdf |journal=Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=331–47 |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shekaru na 1840 ===

* 1840 - Kafa New Zealand a matsayin mulkin mallaka da kuma kafa asibitocin jihohi.
* 1841 - Mutanen da aka dauka marasa lafiya an dauke su masu laifi. An yi rikodin shari'ar farko ta hauka a cikin al'ummar New Zealand a cikin 1841. 
* 1847 - An kafa asibitin Wellington, asibitin farko na New Zealand.
* 1848 - An buɗe Yarra Bend Asylum don a fitar da waɗanda ke fama da rashin hankali daga kurkuku. Wannan Asylum daga baya aka sani da Melbourne . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na 1850 ===

* 1852 - Tsohon mai laifi Bathsheba Ghost ya nada Matron na Sydney Infirmary . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Godden |first=Judith |date=2004 |title=Bathsheba Ghost, Matron of the Sydney Infirmary 1852–66: A Silenced Life |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.514567541479616 |journal=Labour History |volume=87 |pages=49–63 |doi=10.2307/27515998 |jstor=27515998 |access-date=14 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1854 - An gina mafaka ta farko, a Wellington, New Zealand.
* 1857 - Sisters of Charity a karkashin Uwar Mary Baptist De Lacy ta kafa Asibitin St Vincent, Sydney.
* 1860-1883 - Kimanin mata 16,378 marasa aure sun yi hijira zuwa New Zealand; 582 sun gano aikinsu a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, ma'aikacin jinya na kowane wata, ma'aikatan jinya marasa lafiya, ma'aikatar jinya, mai haihuwa, ma'aikata a asibiti ko ma'aikacen jinya.
* 1868 - Lucy Osburn da ma'aikatan jinya hudu na Nightingale sun isa Sydney Infirmary (don zama Asibitin Sydney). Ba da daɗewa ba suka fara makarantar jinya ta farko.

=== Shekaru na 1870 ===

* 1870 - New Zealand tana da asibitoci 37 sakamakon karuwar yawan jama'a na zinariya.
* 1879 - Sister Mary Jane West Armfield ta yi aiki a Zulu War . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Royal Red Cross: Mrs M J W Armfield, Stafford House Committee, Zulu War 1879 |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C134147 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Australian War Memorial |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shekaru na 1880 ===

* 1884 - Little Sisters of the Poor sun fara kula da tsofaffi a Melbourne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Melbourne St Joseph's Home |url=https://www.littlesistersofthepoor.org.au/melbourne1 |access-date=15 November 2024 |website=Little Sisters of the Poor Oceania |publisher= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241021160719/https://www.littlesistersofthepoor.org.au/melbourne1 |archive-date=21 October 2024 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1885 - biyo bayan Dokar Asibiti da Ayyukan Taimako ta Kyauta sun inganta.

=== Shekaru na 1890 ===

* 1892 - Suzanne Aubert ta kafa 'Ya'ya mata na Uwargidanmu na Jinƙai a Urushalima, New Zealand .
* 1896 - Gidan Nurses na Lady Lamington, Brisbane, ya fara.
* 1899 - An kafa kungiyar Nurses 'Australasian Trained a New South Wales.
* 1899-1902 - Nurses karkashin jagorancin Nellie Gould suna aiki a cikin Boer War, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013 |title=Devotion: Stories of Australia's wartime nurses |url=https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/resources/devotion-stories-australias-wartime-nurses |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=Anzac Portal |publisher=Australian Government: Department of Veterans' Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt; suna aiki a matsayin 'yan ƙasa masu zaman kansu ko tare da sojojin jinya na Burtaniya.  Nuna bambanci yana nufin cewa kodayake daruruwan ma'aikatan jinya mata sun yi amfani da su akwai rikici tare da waɗanda suka riga sun shiga soja. Mutane kalilan ne duk da haka suka yi aiki a Afirka ta Kudu, ciki har da ma'aikatan jinya 33 na New Zealand.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

== Karni na 20 ==

=== Shekaru na 1900 ===

* 1900 - Mutuwar ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Boer War Fanny Hines a [[Bulawayo]] .
* {{Circa}} - Asibitin masu zaman kansu, Wakefield Street a [[Adelaide]] ya zama asibitin horo na farko ga ma'aikatan jinya a [[Colony of South Australia|mulkin mallaka na Kudancin Australia]], a karkashin [[Alice Tibbits]] (1854-1932). &lt;ref name=&quot;shorthist&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lyon |first=E.E. |date=May 1977 |title=Short history of PHWS (Private Hospital, Wakefield Street) |journal=The Australasian Nurses Journal |volume=6 |issue=10 |page=18 |issn=0301-018X |pmid=329829}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1901 - New Zealand ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta tsara ma'aikatan jinya a cikin ƙasa, tare da amincewa da Dokar Rijistar Nurses

[[File:Nursesonbikes1904.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Nurses na gundumar a Melbourne, 1904]]

* 1901 - An kafa Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association.
* 1902 - Ellen Dougherty na New Zealand ya zama ma'aikaciyar jinya ta farko a duniya a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu.
* 1902 - An kafa Ma'aikatar Nursing ta Sojojin Australiya.
* 1904 - Asibitin Tunawa da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Sarauniya ya buɗe a Fairfield, da farko a matsayin asibitin 'zazzabi'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital (previously known as Queen's Memorial Hospital/Fever Hospital 1890–1918; Queen's Memorial Infectious Diseases Hospital 1919–1947; Fairfield Hospital 1948–1969; Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital (1970–1996) |url=https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/VA1231 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Public Record Office Victoria Collection – PROV}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1906 - Sisters of Mercy sun kafa Asibitin Mater Misericordiae, Arewacin Sydney.
* 1907 - Mace 'yar asalin ƙasar Mayu Yarrowick ta sami takardar shaidar jinya a Sydney.
* 1907 - Asibitoci na farko na Karitane don horar da ma'aikatan jinya a Dunedin.
* 1908 - Ākenehi Hei, na kabilun Whakatohea da Whanau-a-Apanui, ita ce ma'aikaciyar jinya ta farko da aka yi rajista a New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Māori nurses – Women's health – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/womens-health/4/1 |website=teara.govt.nz}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1908 - ''Kai Tiaki,'' jaridar jinya ta farko ta New Zealand, an buga ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Nursing in New Zealand |url=http://www.ncah.com.au/careers/history-of-nursing-in-new-zealand/147/ |website=Health Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1909 - An gabatar da sabon rawar da ake kira 'backblocks' jinya a New Zealand don ba da sabis ga yankunan karkara na ƙasar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=P.J. |year=2008 |title=Professional, practice and political issues in the history of New Zealand's remote rural 'backblocks' nursing: The case of Mokau, 1910–1940. |journal=Contemporary Nurse |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=168–178 |doi=10.5172/conu.673.30.2.168 |pmid=19040383 |s2cid=31765864}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1909 - An buɗe Sanatorium na Jihar Waterfall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=History of Garrawarra Hospital |url=https://www.seslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/garrawarra-centre/about-garrawarra-centre/history-of-garrawarra-hospital |access-date=17 November 2024 |website=Garrawarra Centre |publisher=South West Sydney Local Health District}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jerin lokaci na tarihin jinya</title>
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== Kafin ƙarni na 16 ==

* 1-500 AD (kimanin) - Kungiyoyin addini sun ba da jinya da kulawa ga mutane da iyalai.{{Sfn|Craven|Hirnle|2011}}
* 55 AD - Phoebe tana da alaƙa da al'adun gargajiya na Kirista na farko kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin mai hidima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mitchell|Grippando|1992}} (cited in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Craven|Hirnle|2011}})&lt;/ref&gt;
* 300 - Shigar da Mata Kirista cikin jinya.{{Sfn|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}
* c. 390 AD - Saint Fabiola ne ya kafa [[Asibiti|Babban asibiti]] farko a Roma.{{Sfn|Mitchell|Grippando|1992}}
* c. 620 AD - Rufaida Al-Aslamia ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya musulma ta farko.

== Karni na 16 ==

* 1517 [[Protestant Reformation|Juyin Juya Halin Furotesta]] - rushewar umarnin addini yana nufin cewa an rufe gidajen ibada, asibitoci da wuraren kula da jinya a yawancin yankunan Furotesta.{{Sfn|Mitchell|Grippando|1992}}

== Karni na 17 ==
[[File:Mlle_le_Gras.jpg|right|thumb|178x178px|St. Louise na Marillac]]
[[File:Sisters_of_Charity_dressing_a_surgical_case.jpg|right|thumb|225x225px|'Yan uwa mata na sadaka]]

* 1618-1648 - Yaƙin Shekaru talatin - Yaƙe-yaƙe na Katolika da Furotesta sun girgiza Turai, inda suka kashe miliyan 8.
* 1633 - Kafawar 'ya'ya mata na sadaka na Saint Vincent de Paul, Bayin Talakawa marasa lafiya ta Sts. [[Vincent de Paul|Vincent na Paul]] da Louise na Marillac . {{Sfn|Dinan|2006}}Al'umma ba za ta kasance a cikin gidan ibada ba, amma za ta kula da matalauta a gidajensu, &quot;ba su da wani gidan ibada amma gidajen marasa lafiya, ɗakinsu ɗakin haya, ɗakin sujada cocin Ikklisiya, kewaye da titunan birni ko unguwanni na asibiti. &quot;
* 1645 - Ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Faransa Jeanne Mance ta kafa Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, asibitin farko na Arewacin Amurka.
* 1654 da 1656 - Sisters of Charity sun kula da wadanda suka ji rauni a fagen yaƙi a Sedan da Arras a Faransa.
* 1660 - Fiye da gidaje 40 na Sisters of Charity sun wanzu a Faransa da kuma da yawa a wasu ƙasashe; an taimaka wa marasa lafiya a cikin gidajensu a cikin majami'u 26 a Paris.

== Karni na 18 ==
An dauki karni na 18 a matsayin Age of Reason . Yawancin tatsuniyoyi sun saba wa gaskiyar kimiyya.[1]&quot;Malaman&quot; na Jamaica kamar su Cubah Cornwallis, Sarah Adams da Grace Donne, uwargidan da mai warkarwa ga mai shuka mafi nasara a Jamaica, Simon Taylor, sun sami babban nasara ta amfani da tsabta da ganye don warkar da marasa lafiya da waɗanda suka ji rauni.[1]

== Karni na 19 ==
[[File:Florence_Nightingale.jpg|thumb|188x188px|[[Florence Nightingale]] (1820-1910) ]]

=== Shekaru na 1810 ===

* 1811 - Babban sake buɗe Asibitin Sydney (wanda aka kafa 1788 a matsayin asibitin alfarwa). Maza da mata da aka yanke musu hukunci sun fara aikin jinya.{{Sfn|Craven|Hirnle|2011}}

=== Shekaru na 1820 ===

* c. 1820 - Tsohuwar bawa Jane Minor ta buɗe asibiti a Petersburg, Virginia.
* 1820 - An haifi [[Florence]]_Nightingale&quot; id=&quot;mwfg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Florence Nightingale&quot;&gt;Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) a Villa La Columbaia a Florence (12 ga Mayu). {{Sfn|Bloy|2012}}

=== Shekaru na 1830 ===

* 1838 - Nurses na farko da aka horar sun isa [[Sydney]], su ne 'yan uwa mata biyar na Irish.{{Sfn|Craven|Hirnle|2011}}
* 1839 - Nursing Society of Philadelphia (NSP). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pennsylvania Hospital History: Historical Timeline – Obstetrics |url=http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/timeline/1801/tline10.html |access-date=28 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shekaru na 1840 ===

* 1840 - Kafa [[New Zealand]] a matsayin mulkin mallaka da kuma kafa asibitocin jihohi.{{Sfn|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}
* 1841 - Mutanen da aka dauka a matsayin marasa lafiya an dauke su masu laifi. An yi rikodin shari'ar farko ta hauka a cikin al'ummar New Zealand a cikin 1841 &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Papps|2012}} in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1844 - Dorothea Dix ta ba da shaida ga majalisar dokokin [[New Jersey]] game da rashin kulawa marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiya.
* 1847 - An kafa Asibitin Wellington, asibitin farko na New Zealand.{{Sfn|Barber|Towers|1976}}
* 1848 - An buɗe Yarra Bend Asylum don a iya fitar da marasa lafiya daga [[Gidan Yari|kurkuku]]. Wannan mafaka daga baya aka sani da Melbourne . {{Sfn|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}

=== Shekaru na 1850 ===
[[File:Seacole_-_Challen.jpg|right|thumb|201x201px|Maryamu Seacole]]

* 1850 - Makarantar koyarwa ga ma'aikatan jinya ta buɗe ta NSP.
* 1850 - [[Florence Nightingale]], majagaba na aikin jinya na zamani, ta fara horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a Cibiyar St. Vincent de Paul a Alexandria, Misira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2006 |title=Nursing Notes: Nurses making history |url=http://www.discovernursing.com/newsletter_view.aspx?id=29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714034857/http://www.discovernursing.com/newsletter_view.aspx?id=29 |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=28 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1851 - Florence Nightingale ta kammala karatunta na jinya a Kaiserwerth, Jamus, al'ummar addinin Furotesta tare da asibiti. Ta kasance a can kusan watanni 3, kuma a ƙarshe, malamanta sun bayyana cewa an horar da ita a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya.{{Sfn|Wojnar|2009}}
* 1851 - Mary Seacole ta yi tafiya zuwa Panama, inda ta yi aiki wajen warkar da masu fama da [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]] da sauran cututtuka.
* 1853 - Yaƙin Crimea.
* 1853 - Seacole ta koma mulkin mallaka na Jamaica, inda ta yi aiki wajen warkar da masu fama da [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]].
* 1853 - Florence Nightingale ta tafi Paris don yin karatu tare da Sisters of Charity kuma daga baya aka nada ta mai kula da Asibitocin Ingilishi a Turkiyya.{{Sfn|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}
* 1854 - An buɗe mafaka ta farko a Wellington, New Zealand . {{Sfn|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}
* 1854 - An nada Florence Nightingale a matsayin mai kula da ma'aikatan jinya.
* 1854 - An aika Florence Nightingale da ma'aikatan jinya masu sa kai 38 zuwa [[Turkiyya]] a ranar 21 ga Oktoba don taimakawa wajen kula da wadanda suka ji rauni a Yaƙin Crimea.
* 1854 - A cikin wata wasika da aka rubuta a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1854, ga Dokta Bowman, Florence Nightingale ta ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga : a ranar Alhamis da ta gabata [watau Nuwamba 8] muna da mutane 1715 marasa lafiya da rauni a wannan asibitin (cikin su, marasa lafiya 120 na kwalara) da 650 da suka ji rauni sosai a ... Babban Asibitin... lokacin da saƙo ya zo mini don shirya wa mutane 510 da suka ji rauni....  {{Blockquote|on Thursday last [i.e.Nov 8] we had 1715 sick and wounded in this hospital (among whom, 120 cholera patients) and 650 severely wounded in...the General Hospital...when a message came to me to prepare for 510 wounded....|{{harv|Seymer|1932}}}}
* 1855 - Mary Seacole ta bar London a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu don kafa &quot;Otal din Burtaniya&quot; a Balaklava a Crimea, inda ta kula da sojojin Burtaniya da suka ji rauni ta amfani da ganye kuma ta yi aiki mai kyau.
* 1856 - An ba [[Biddy Mason]] 'yancinta kuma ta koma [[Los Angeles]]. Tana aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da kuma mai juna biyu kuma ta zama 'yar kasuwa mai cin nasara.
* 1856 - An kafa Asibitin Melbourne da Infirmary don Cututtuka na Musamman ga Mata da Yara.{{Sfn|Daly|Speedy|Jackson|2014}}
* 1856 - An kafa wata kungiya mai ba da agaji da aka sani da Asusun Nightingale don Nursing a Burtaniya, don tunawa da aikin Nightingale a cikin Yaƙin Crimea.{{Sfn|Daly|Speedy|Jackson|2014}}
* 1856 - Kafawar Melbourne Lying-in Hospital da Infirmary for Diseases musamman ga Mata da Yara.{{Sfn|Daly|Speedy|Jackson|2014}}
* 1857 - [[Ellen Ranyard]] ta kirkiro rukuni na farko na ma'aikatan zamantakewa da aka biya a Ingila kuma sun fara shirin jinya na farko a London.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-02-04 |title=infed.org – Ellen Ranyard (&quot;LNR&quot;), Bible women and informal education |url=http://www.infed.org/thinkers/ranyard.htm |website=infed.org |access-date=2026-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214090424/http://www.infed.org/thinkers/ranyard.htm |archive-date=2012-12-14 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1857 - The Sisters of Charity sun buɗe asibitin St Vincent na farko a Potts Point, [[Sydney]] Australia. A yau, asibitocin St Vincent suna ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na jama'a.{{Sfn|Crisp|Taylor|Douglas|Rebeiro|2012}}
* 1857 - Seacole ta wallafa tarihin rayuwarta, The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands .
* 1859 - Florence Nightingale ta wallafa ra'ayinta game da kula da jinya a cikin &quot;Notes on Nursing&quot;. Tushen aikin jinya ya dogara ne akan ra'ayinta daga wannan.{{Sfn|Wesley|1995}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>J. V. Pawar</title>
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'''Jayram Vitthal Pawar''' Aka '''JV Pawar''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuli 1943) mawaki ne kuma marubuci wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Dalit Panthers tare kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=From Migrant Boy to Dalit Panthers: JV Pawar -Author &amp; Activist |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbaimirrored/episodes/jv-pawar |access-date=2026-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511204124/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbaimirrored/episodes/jv-pawar |archive-date=2026-05-11 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
A matsayinsa na marubuci kuma mawaƙi, Pawar ya fi shahara da littafinsa na 1969 mai suna 'Balidaan' da kuma 'Naakebandi' wanda ya rubuta a shekarar 1976, tun lokacin da aka fassara shi aka buga shi da Turanci a matsayin 'Blockade'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 April 2019 |title=The history of Marathi Ambedkarite Literature |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2019/04/the-history-of-marathi-ambedkarite-literature/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin littattafansa da yawa, ya sadaukar da kansa wajen rubutawa da kuma nazarin ƙungiyoyin bayan Ambedkar Dalit a cikin littattafai da dama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ambedkarite Movement After Ambedkar |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36349534-ambedkarite-movement-after-ambedkar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pawar, wanda ya rayu tsawon rayuwarsa a matsayin Ambedkarite, ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da siyasa da dama na Dalitbahujan a [[Maharashtra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Conversation: J. V. Pawar |url=https://www.dalitarchives.com/archives/xmjmp0ba9dztkp2qj4n23c6gfuu4s8 |access-date=2026-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007143407/https://www.dalitarchives.com/archives/xmjmp0ba9dztkp2qj4n23c6gfuu4s8 |archive-date=2022-10-07 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 September 2018 |title=JV Pawar interview: 'The government is saying that anyone who supports Dalits will be jailed' |url=https://scroll.in/article/893326/interview-the-government-is-saying-that-anyone-who-supports-dalits-will-be-jailed}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 April 2018 |title=Dalit Panthers: An Authoritative History book review — JV Pawar documents facts, fanaticism and a movement against caste oppression |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/dalit-panthers-an-authoritative-history-book-review-jv-pawar-documents-facts-fanaticism-and-a-movement-against-caste-oppression-4431545.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 January 2022 |title=50 Years of Dalit Panther: India's First Aggressive Dalit Youth Movement |url=https://www.newsclick.in/50-years-dalit-panther-indias-first-aggressive-dalit-youth-movement}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==

* Dalit Panthers
* Uwar Indiya: Aikin Miss Catherine Mayo da aka fi so
* Dalit Panthers: Tarihi Mai Iko
* Motsin Ambedkarite Bayan Ambedkar
* Toshewa
* Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a na Dr. BR Ambedkar

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Jacinto João</title>
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Jacinto João (25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1944 - 29 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2004), wanda aka fi sani da '''J. J.''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan hagu.

Jacinto João ya lashe kwallo 10 ga tawagar kasar Portugal, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu. Ya fara ne a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1968, a cikin nasara 3-0 a kan Romania a wasan cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin António Simões, kuma ya zira kwallaye. Ba a haɗa shi a cikin ƙungiyar da ta taka leda a gasar cin kofin Independence Brazil ba, a shekarar 1972. Wasansa na karshe ga Portugal ya kasance a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1974, a wasan 0-0 tare da Ingila a Lisbon, a wasan sada zumunci.

Ya buga wa Vitória de Setúbal wasanni 268, inda ya zura kwallaye 66, kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta kammala a matsayi na biyu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal a kakar 1971–72. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Portugal a ƙarni na 20 da ba su taɓa buga wa Benfica, Sporting Lisbon ko Porto wasa ba.

Bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatan fasaha na kulob ɗinsa. Ya rasu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2004 sakamakon bugun zuciya na huɗu, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwarsa.[1] Vitória de Setúbal ta gina wani mutum-mutumi domin girmama shi.

i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ESTÁTUA DE JACINTO JOÃO |url=https://vfc.pt/clube/estatua-de-jacinto-joao/ |access-date=1 February 2024 |publisher=[[Vitória de Setúbal]] |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202073636/https://vfc.pt/clube/estatua-de-jacinto-joao/ |archive-date=2 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacinto João ya raba ranar haihuwar tare da masanin kwallon kafa na zamani Eusébio, 25 ga Janairu.

== Kididdigar aiki ==

: ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Portugal na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Jacinto João.''

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]]</text>
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    <title>Harriet Vittum</title>
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'''Harriet Elizabeth Vittum''' (Fabrairu 14, 1872 - Disamba 16, 1953)  ta kasance mai gyara zamantakewar al'umma ta Amurka, musamman mai aiki a cikin motsi na sulhu a Birnin Chicago .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Vittum a Canton, Illinois, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vittum, Harriet Elizabeth (1872-1953) |url=https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/items/show/2747 |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Jane Addams Digital Edition}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'yar George B. Vittum da Delia A. Burrell Vittum. Mahaifinta dan kasuwa ne, kuma tana da 'yan'uwa maza uku.
[[File:Harriet_E._Vittum_with_children.jpg|thumb|Harriet E. Vittum (tare da littafi a kan kafa) tare da yara a gidan zama na Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma a shekara ta 1914; daga Laburaren Majalisa]]

== Ayyuka ==
Vittum tana da sha'awar sauye-sauyen zamantakewa tun tana ƙarama, kamar yadda aka nuna lokacin da ta buɗe asibiti a gidan iyalinta a Canton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1998 |title=Early Illinois Women: Harriet E. Vittum |url=http://www.alliancelibrarysystem.com/IllinoisWomen/files/pi/htm1/piharrie.html |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Parlin-Ingersoll Library |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116180640/http://www.alliancelibrarysystem.com/IllinoisWomen/files/pi/htm1/piharrie.html |archive-date=2022-01-16 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta koma Chicago a shekara ta 1893, da farko don yin aiki a filin Illinois a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya, sannan daga baya ta yi aiki tare da kungiyar taimakon yara ta Illinois. Ta fara tashar madara ga jarirai, kuma ta yi aiki ga ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta, wuraren wasa, makarantun dare, da sansanonin bazara. Vittum ya kasance shugaban mazaunin Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma .  Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar sufuri,   darektan jama'a na Kungiyar Mata,   kuma shugaban Cibiyar Kula da Yara ta Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=January 10, 1916 |title=Harriet Vittum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kkhCAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=Harriet+Vittum&amp;pg=PA14 |journal=City Club Bulletin |volume=9 |pages=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A shekara ta 1914, Vittum ya tsaya takarar alderman a yankin Chicago na 17. [1][2] Ta kuma yi takara don zama a Kwamitin Kwamishinonin Cook County . [3][4] A shekara ta 1915, an zabe ta a matsayin magajin gari na Eleanor Model City, wani aikin jama'a na kungiyar Eleanor ta Chicago.[5][6] A shekara ta 1918, ta yi muhawara da Clarence Darrow a kan batun tantance fim, tana mai lura da cewa &quot;Na yi imanin cewa fina-finai masu motsi ya kamata su zama muhimmiyar dukiyar ilimi da zamantakewa&quot;.[7]Ta kasance abokiyar ma'aikaciyar zamantakewar baki Ada S. McKinley; sun yi tafiya tare kuma sun ba da laccoci na hadin gwiwa.[8] Ta yi aiki a yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Charles Evans Hughes a 1916, da Leonard Wood a 1920. [9][10]

Vittum ta yi magana game da aikinta a Birnin Chicago a kungiyoyin mata. &quot;Muna kiran Amurkawa waɗanda suka zauna a nan na ƙarni da yawa suna buƙatar Amurkawa da kanmu, &quot;ta gaya wa masu sauraron Iowa a 1924. &quot;Dole ne mu sake fasalinmu a cikin kanmu wani abu na ainihin ruhun Amurka kafin mu iya sa baƙi da suka zo nan su ga abin da yake nufi. &quot;[[Eleanor Roosevelt]] ta ambaci karin kumallo tare da Vittum a cikin wani shafi na jarida na 1938. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt, October 21, 1938 |url=https://www2.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1938&amp;_f=md055090 |access-date=2022-01-16 |website=The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, Digital Edition}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1940, Vittum ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar Roll Call of American Women, kungiyar mata da ke adawa da shigar Amurka a yakin duniya na biyu; Jessamine Hoagland ita ce mai ba da kuɗin kungiyar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A lokacin yakin duniya na farko da na biyu, ta kasance darakta na kwamitin mata na Illinois na Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=1918 |title=War Time Amusements |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhus_WQvd2QC&amp;dq=Harriet+Vittum&amp;pg=RA1-PA118 |journal=Illinois Farmers' Institute Yearbook |pages=118–126, picture on 119}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma a shekarar 1947. A shekara ta 1948, ta ba da shaida a wani sauraron majalisa na hadin gwiwa kan gidaje,  kuma ta ba da shawara don inganta gidaje da damar nishaɗi a unguwar Arewa maso Yammacin Chicago. 

== Littattafai ==

* &quot;Al'adun Rayuwar Iyali daga Matsayin Zaman Kansu&quot; (1914) 
* &quot;Ci gaban Makwabta&quot; (1914) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vittum |first=Harriet E. |date=1914 |title=Neighborhood Development |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/sociwef41&amp;id=381&amp;div=&amp;collection= |journal=Proceedings of the National Conference of Charities and Correction |volume=41 |pages=367}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Gidan da Yaron Mai Laifi&quot; (1917) 
* &quot;Jin Halitta na Ruhun Kirsimeti&quot; (1920) 

== Rayuwa da gado ==
Vittum ya zauna a Otal din Alexandria bayan ya yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma. Ta mutu bayan [[bugun jini]] a shekara ta 1953, tana da shekaru 81. Akwai Harriet Elizabeth Vittum Park a Birnin Chicago, mai suna a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vittum (Harriet Elizabeth) Park |url=https://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks-facilities/vittum-harriet-elizabeth-park |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Chicago Park District}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Jerin ƴan wasan FC Barcelona</title>
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[[FC Barcelona|Futbol Club Barcelona]] kulob ne na ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru da ke zaune a gari Barcelona, yankin Catalonia, a ƙasar Saniya. Wani rukuni na maza 'yan ƙasar Switzerland, Ingila da Saniya karkashin jagorancin [[Joan Gamper]] ne suka kafa kulob ɗin a shekarar 1899. Barcelona tana ɗaya daga cikin kulob guda uku kofal da ba su taba sauka daga [[La Liga]] ba&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=2&amp;b=1&amp;c=3&amp;d=0&amp;idi=2 | access-date=9 March 2010 | title=History of Athletic Bilbao | publisher=[[Athletic Bilbao]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214154449/http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=2&amp;b=1&amp;c=3&amp;d=0&amp;idi=2 | archive-date=14 February 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ita ce kulob mafi nasara a ƙwallon ƙafan Saniya, inda ta lashe jimillar kofuna na cikin gida guda 79: kofunan La Liga 27, kofunan [[Copa del Rey|Kofin Saniya]] 32 (wanda shi ne rikodin), kofunan [[Copa de la Liga|Kofin Ƙungiyar La Liga]] guda biyu (rikodi), kofunan [[Supercopa de España|Kofin Super na Saniya]] guda 15 (rikodi) da kuma kofunan [[Copa Eva Duarte|Kofin Eva Duarte]] guda uku (rikodi). Barcelona ita ce kaɗai kulob na Turai da ya buga gasar nahiyar a kowace kakar wasa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1955 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin kulob masu nasara a ƙwallon ƙafan Turai, inda ta lashe zakaru 22 a hukumance na [[UEFA]] da [[FIFA]] baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50080/domestic.html |title=Football Europe: FC Barcelona |publisher=[[UEFA|Union des Associations Européennes de Football]] (UEFA) |access-date=9 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603054639/http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club%3D50080/domestic.html |archive-date= 3 June 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan Kasancewarsa wanda ya kafa kulob ɗin, Gamper ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na kulob ɗin kuma shi ke da rikodin mafi yawan ƙwallaye a wasa guda, inda ya ci ƙwallaye tara.&lt;ref name=Gamper&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/gamper.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111060504/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/gamper.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=11 January 2010| title=Mythical Players – Joan Gamper| publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]| access-date=9 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lionel Messi]] shi ke da rikodin mafi yawan fitowa a wasannin hukuma da guda 778, shi ne mai jefa ƙwallaye mafi yawa a tarihi da ƙwallaye 700+, mafi jefa ƙwallaye a gasar hukuma da guda 672, kuma shi ne mai jefa ƙwallaye mafi yawa a La Liga a halin yanzu da ƙwallaye 474 kuma shi ne ke da rikodin mafi yawan fitowa a La Liga da wasanni 520. Messi ya kuma lashe kofuna mafi yawa da kulob ɗin (35).

Barcelona ta ɗauki fitattun 'yan wasa da dama, inda aka samu 'yan wasa biyar da suka lashe kyautar [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] da kuma 'yan wasa shida da suka lashe [[Ballon d'Or]] a cikin 'yan wasan kulob ɗin na baya da na yanzu. Wannan ya sa Barça ta zama kulob ɗin da ya fi kowane kulob karɓar kyaututtukan Dan wasan duniya na FIFA ta hanyar 'yan wasanta. A shekarar 2009, Barcelona ta kafa tarihi na samun kofuna guda shida (sextuple) a lokaci guda ta hanyar cin gasar [[2008–09 La Liga|La Liga]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|Copa del Rey]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]] da kuma [[2009 FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Cup]] a cikin shekara guda ta kalanda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2009/m=12/news=kings-queens-and-young-prince-1151723.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922191159/http://www.fifa.com/news/y=2009/m=12/news=kings-queens-and-young-prince-1151723.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 September 2015 |title=Kings, queens and a young prince |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] (FIFA) |date=23 December 2009 |access-date=8 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan shekarar, 'yan wasansu guda biyar da kocin su an zaɓe su a cikin rukunin 'yan wasan shekara na UEFA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefa/UEFAMedia/94/52/64/945264_DOWNLOAD.pdf | title=Team of the Year 2009 announced | publisher=[[UEFA|Union des Associations Européennes de Football]] (UEFA) | access-date=9 March 2010 | archive-date=16 February 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216030807/http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefa/UEFAMedia/94/52/64/945264_DOWNLOAD.pdf | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rukunin ya haɗa da fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da suka buga wa Barcelona wasa. Yawancin lokaci, wannan yana nufin 'yan wasan da suka buga aƙalla wasannin gida 100 a kulob ɗin. Koyaya, ana kuma haɗa da wasu 'yan wasa da suka buga ƙarancin wasanni idan har suna cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ake girmamawa na Barcelona. Tsakanin shekarar 1899 zuwa watan Mayu na 2015, 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa 958 ne suka buga aƙalla wasan hukuma guda ɗaya tare da Barcelona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/presentado-libro-gran-diccionario-jugadores-del-barca-4186529 |title=Presentation of ''Gran diccionari dels jugadors del Barça'', sport.es, May 14th, 2015 |date=14 May 2015 |access-date=14 May 2015 |archive-date=16 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516020423/http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/presentado-libro-gran-diccionario-jugadores-del-barca-4186529 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makullai ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#98fb98;&quot;|*
|Mai riƙe da rikodin kulob
|-
| style=&quot;background:#e3d9ff;&quot;|{{double-dagger}}
|Sun buga duk tsawon aikinsu a Barcelona
|-
|''Suna a rubutun tsaye (italics)''
|A halin yanzu yana buga wa Barcelona wasa
|-
|''Shekara a rubutun tsaye (italics)''
|Ya fara/kammala aiki kafin buɗe gasar La Liga
|-
|'''Baki Maimun (Bold)'''
|Rikodin ƙwallaye ko fitowar La Liga
|}

== Jerin 'yan wasa ==

{{Further|:Category:FC Barcelona players|}}
{{See also|FC Barcelona#Current squad}}

[[File:Puyol2011.jpg|thumb|[[Carles Puyol]] shi ne kofur ɗin da ya jagoranci Barcelona zuwa nasarar cin kofuna uku a karon farko ga kulob na Saniya.&lt;ref name=honours/&gt;]]
[[File:2012 2013 - 06 Xavi Hernández.jpg|thumb|[[Xavi (footballer, born 1980)|Xavi]] shi ne wanda ya fi fitowa a wasannin gasar ƙasa da ƙasa da wasanni 178 ga Barcelona.]]
[[File:Leo Messi (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Lionel Messi]] shi ne kaɗai ɗan wasa da ya lashe Ballon d'Or, Dan wasan duniya na FIFA, Trofeo Pichichi da European Golden Shoe a kakar wasa guda.&lt;ref name=indrecords/&gt; Shi ne kuma mai jefa ƙwallaye mafi yawa a tarihi ga Barcelona.]]
*Jimillar fitowa da ƙwallaye sun haɗa da wasannin La Liga kawai, wanda aka kafa ta farko a shekarar 1928; 'yan wasan da aka haɗa da suka yi aiki kafin wannan lokacin saboda shahararsu ne. An haɗa da fitowa a matsayin ɗan canji.
*Alkaluma suna da daidaito zuwa ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2025.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Suna!!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ƙasa!!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Matsayi{{ref label|Positions|NB|}}!!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Aikin Barcelona!!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Jagoranci (Kofur)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Manuel Tomàs |last=Belenguer |publisher=Centre de Documentació i Estudis del FC Barcelona|title=Capitans del FC Barcelona|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;!!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Fitowa a La Liga!!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Ƙwallayen La Liga!!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Bayani!!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;scope=&quot;col&quot;|Bayanai (Refs)
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Joan|Gamper}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CHE}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||''1899–1903''||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||{{ref label|Gamper|A|}}||&lt;ref name=Gamper/&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Carles|Comamala}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1874}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||''1903–1912''||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/comamala.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924060841/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/comamala.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2009|title=Mythical Players – Comamala|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=9 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Paulino|Alcántara}} ||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Philippines|1919}}&lt;br/&gt;{{flag|Spain|1874}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||''1912–1916''&lt;br&gt;''1918–1927''||1920–1927||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/alcantara.html|title=Mythical Players – Alcántara|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=9 March 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150404050837/http://arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/alcantara.html | archive-date = 2015-04-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ramón|Torralba}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1874}}||Ɗan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder)||''1913–1928''||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|—}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/torralba.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923004641/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/torralba.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2009|title=Mythical Players – Torralba|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=9 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep|Samitier}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1931}}||Ɗan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder)||''1919–''1932||1927–1932||{{sort|028|28}}||{{sort|020|20}}||{{ref label|Samitier|B|}}||&lt;ref name=samitier&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/samitier.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924060850/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/samitier.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2009|title=Mythical Players – Samitier|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Vicenc|Piera}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1874}}||Ɗan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder)||style=&quot;background:#e3d9ff;&quot;|{{nowrap|1920–1933 {{double-dagger}}}}||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|053|53}}||{{sort|006|6}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/piera.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017010010/http://fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/piera.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Mythical Players – Piera|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ferenc|Plattkó}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Hungary|1920}}||Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper)||''1923–''1930||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|017|17}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/platko.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923041537/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/platko.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2010|title=Mythical Players – Platko|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Juan José|Nogués}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1938}}||Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper)||1930–1942||1933–1942||{{sort|114|114}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Alejandro|Morera Soto}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CRC}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||1933–1935||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|024|24}}||{{sort|011|11}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nacion.com/deportes/Buzon-Rodrigo_0_883511714.html|title=Campeonatos de Alejandro Morera|publisher=[[La Nacion]]|access-date=11 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126180504/http://www.nacion.com/deportes/Buzon-Rodrigo_0_883511714.html|archive-date=26 November 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Martí|Ventolrà}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1931}}||Ɗan fikafike (Winger)||1933–1937||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|058|58}}||{{sort|031|31}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ventolra.html|archive-url=https://arcive.today/20120802022616/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ventolra.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2012|title=Mythical Players – Ventolra|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep|Raich}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1938}}||Ɗan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder)||1934–1936&lt;br/&gt;1940–1945||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|140|140}}||{{sort|016|16}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep|Escolà}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||1934–1949||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|152|152}}||{{sort|086|86}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/escola.html|archive-url=https://archie.today/20120910034846/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/escola.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 September 2012|title=Mythical Players – Escola|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Mariano|Martín}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||1939–1948||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|112|112}}||{{sort|097|97}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi*&lt;/small&gt;|a}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/mariano_martin.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304022623/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/mariano_martin.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2010|title=Mythical Players – Mariano Martin|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Francisco|Calvet}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan baya (Defender)||1939–1952||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|151|151}}||{{sort|007|7}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José|Bravo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||1940–1948||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|120|120}}||{{sort|051|51}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|César|Rodrìguez|César Rodríguez Álvarez}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||1942–1955||1946–1955||{{sort|287|287}}||{{sort|192|192}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|b}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/cesar.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924035747/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/cesar.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2009|title=Mythical Players – Cesar|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Puig|Puig}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan baya (Defender)||1942–1951||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|178|178}}||{{sort|001|1}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Marià|Gonzalvo|Mariano Gonzalvo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder)||1942–1956||1955–1956||{{sort|208|208}}||{{sort|026|26}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/gonzalvoIII.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308000629/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/gonzalvoIII.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 March 2010|title=Mythical Players – Gonzalvo|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=9 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Jaume|Elías}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan baya (Defender)||1943–1949||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|123|123}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Juan|Velasco|Juan Zambudio Velasco}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper)||1943–1954||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|168|168}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|a}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep|Seguer}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan fikafike (Winger)||1943–1957||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|214|214}}||{{sort|038|38}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep|Gonzalvo|José Gonzalvo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan wasan tsakiya (Midfielder)||1943–1950||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|146|146}}||{{sort|003|3}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Estanislao|Basora}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan fikafike (Winger)||1946–1958||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|237|237}}||{{sort|089|89}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/basora.html|archive-url=https://achive.today/20120801122324/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/basora.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2012|title=Mythical Players – Basora|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Antoni|Ramallets}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron gida (Goalkeeper)||1946–1961||1956–1961||{{sort|288|288}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Ramallets|C|}}{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|b}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ramallets.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111091116/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ramallets.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2010|title=Mythical Players – Ramallets|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Joan|Segarra}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan baya (Defender)||style=&quot;background:#e3d9ff;&quot;|1949–1964 {{double-dagger}}||1961–1964||{{sort|299|299}}||{{sort|017|17}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/segarra.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017010101/http://fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/segarra.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Mythical Players – Segarra|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=9 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|László|Kubala}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CSK}}&lt;br/&gt;{{HUN}}&lt;br/&gt;{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan yajin aiki (Forward)||1950–1961||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|186|186}}||{{sort|131|131}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/kubala.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924060846/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/kubala.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2009|title=Mythical Players – Kubala|publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Eduardo|Manchón}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Ɗan fikafike (Winger)||1950–1957||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|144|144}}||{{sort|057|57}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Gustau|Biosca}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1950–1958||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|139|139}}||{{sort|003|3}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Sígfrid|Gràcia}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1952–1966||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|231|231}}||{{sort|005|5}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/sigfrid_gracia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017010108/http://fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/sigfrid_gracia.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Mythical Players – Sígfrid Gràcia|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Justo|Tejada}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan gaba||1953–1961||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|149|149}}||{{sort|073|73}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Luis|Suárez|Luis Suárez Miramontes}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai harin gefen hagu||1954–1961||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|122|122}}||{{sort|061|61}}||{{ref label|Suarez|D|}}{{ref label|ballon|&lt;small&gt;d'Or&lt;/small&gt;|a}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/suarez.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202005716/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/suarez.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2010|title=Mythical Players – Suárez|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ramón|Villaverde|Ramón Alberto Villaverde}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan gaba||1954–1963||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|162|162}}||{{sort|053|53}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Eulogio|Martínez}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Paraguay|1954}}&lt;br/&gt;{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan gaba||1956–1962||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|111|111}}||{{sort|062|62}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/eulogio_martinez.html|archive-url=https://arhive.today/20120729153753/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/eulogio_martinez.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 July 2012|title=Mythical Players – Eulogio Martínez|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Enric|Gensana}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1956–1964||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|132|132}}||{{sort|013|13}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Martí|Vergés}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1956–1966||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|188|188}}||{{sort|015|15}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ferran|Olivella}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1956–1969||1964–1969||{{sort|215|215}}||{{sort|001|1}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/olivella.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017010002/http://fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/olivella.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Mythical Players – Olivella|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Evaristo de|Macedo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Brazil|1960}}||Dan gaba||1957–1962||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|114|114}}||{{sort|078|78}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/evaristo.html|archive-url=https://achive.today/20120730072519/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/evaristo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 July 2012|title=Mythical Players – Evaristo|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Sándor|Kocsis}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{HUN}}||Dan gaba||1958–1965||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|075|75}}||{{sort|042|42}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/kocsis.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809125656/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/kocsis.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2011|title=Mythical Players – Kocsis|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Zoltán|Czibor}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{HUN}}||Dan gaba||1958–1961||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|084|84}}||{{sort|036|36}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Manuel|Pesudo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaren raga||1961–1966||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|065|65}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|c}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Pedro|Zaballa}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1961–1967||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|109|109}}||{{sort|028|28}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Julio César|Benítez}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{URU}}||Mai tsaron baya||1961–1968||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|123|123}}||{{sort|010|10}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Chus|Pereda}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1961–1969||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|134|134}}||{{sort|041|41}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Salvador|Sadurní}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaren raga||1961–1976||1969–1971||{{sort|247|247}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|d}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/sadurni.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202005710/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/sadurni.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2010|title=Mythical Players – Sadurní|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Antonio|Zaldúa}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan gaba||1961–1971||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|145|145}}||{{sort|061|61}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Cayetano|Ré||Re, Cayetano}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Paraguay|1954}}||Dan gaba||1962–1966||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|084|84}}||{{sort|056|56}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|c}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep Maria|Fusté}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1962–1972||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|197|197}}||{{sort|047|47}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Eladio|Silvestre}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1962–1972||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|226|226}}||{{sort|008|8}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Joaquim|Rifé}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1964–1976||1971–1973||{{sort|290|290}}||{{sort|023|23}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/rife.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017010024/http://fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/rife.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2007|title=Mythical Players – Rifé|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=6 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Antoni|Torres}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1965–1976||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|269|269}}||{{sort|002|2}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/torres.html|title=Mythical Players – Torres|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=9 March 2010|archive-date=17 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017010116/http://fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/torres.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Gallego|Gallego (footballer)}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaron baya||1965–1975||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|248|248}}||{{sort|017|17}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Carles|Rexach}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||1965–1981||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|328|328}}||{{sort|081|81}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|d}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/rexach.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809121615/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/rexach.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2011|title=Mythical Players – Rexach|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Miguel|Reina}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Mai tsaren raga||1966–1973||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|111|111}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|e}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Pedro María|Zabalza}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1967–1973||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|149|149}}||{{sort|010|10}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Juan Carlos|Pérez|Juan Carlos Pérez López (footballer born 1945)}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1968–1975||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|163|163}}||{{sort|018|18}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Marcial|Pina}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1945}}||Dan tsakiya||1969–1977||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|210|210}}||{{sort|047|47}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Juan Manuel|Asensi}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1977}}||Dan gaba||1970–1980||1978–1980||{{sort|299|299}}||{{sort|073|73}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/asensi.html|archive-url=https://rchive.today/20120803234658/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/asensi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 August 2012|title=Mythical Players – Asensi|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Quique|Costas}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1977}}||Mai tsaron baya||1971–1980||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|172|172}}||{{sort|003|3}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Antonio|de la Cruz}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|Spain|1977}}||Mai tsaron baya||1972–1979||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|183|183}}||{{sort|006|6}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Hugo|Sotil}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{PER}}||Dan gaba||1973–1977||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|065|65}}||{{sort|021|21}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Johan|Cruyff}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Dan gaba||1973–1978||1974–1978||{{sort|139|139}}||{{sort|047|47}}||{{ref label|ballon|&lt;small&gt;d'Or&lt;/small&gt;|b}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/cruyff.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814143402/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/cruyff.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 August 2011|title=Mythical Players – Cruyff|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Migueli}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1973–1989||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|391|391}}||{{sort|020|20}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/migueli.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012220602/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/migueli.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 October 2010|title=Mythical Players – Migueli|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Johan|Neeskens}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Dan tsakiya||1974–1979||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|140|140}}||{{sort|035|35}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/neeskens.html|archive-url=https://achive.today/20120730045225/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/neeskens.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 July 2012|title=Mythical Players – Neeskens|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Pedro María|Artola}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaren raga||1975–1984||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|186|186}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|f}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Vicente|Sánchez||Sanchez, Jose Vicente}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1975–1986||1983–1984||{{sort|236|236}}||{{sort|013|13}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Antonio|Ramos Huete}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1976–1982||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|119|119}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||
|- 
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Antonio|Olmo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1976–1984||1980–1982||{{sort|188|188}}||{{sort|004|4}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Esteban|Vigo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1977–1987||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|166|166}}||{{sort|018|18}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Francisco José|Carrasco}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||1978–1989||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|262|262}}||{{sort|049|49}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Hans|Krankl}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{AUT}}||Dan gaba||1978–1980||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|046|46}}||{{sort|034|34}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|e}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/hans_krankl.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202005702/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/hans_krankl.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2010|title=Mythical Players – Hans Krankl|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=25 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-

|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Allan|Simonsen}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{DEN}}||Dan gaba||1979–1982||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|098|98}}||{{sort|031|31}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Ramón|Alexanko}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1980–1993||1986–1993||{{sort|274|274}}||{{sort|026|26}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Quini}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||1980–1984||1982–1983||{{sort|100|100}}||{{sort|054|54}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|f}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/enrique_castro_quini.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909083230/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/enrique_castro_quini.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2011|title=Mythical Players – Quini|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Bernd|Schuster}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{GER}}||Dan tsakiya||1980–1988||1984–1986||{{sort|170|170}}||{{sort|063|63}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/schuster.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227052239/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/schuster.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2010|title=Mythical Players – Schuster|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Josep|Moratalla}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1981–1988||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|104|104}}||{{sort|001|1}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Javier|Urruticoechea}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaren raga||1981–1988||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|120|120}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|g}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/urruti.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202005722/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/urruti.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2010|title=Mythical Players – Urruti|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Gerardo|Miranda}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1981–1988||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|145|145}}||{{sort|005|5}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Víctor|Muñoz|Víctor Muñoz (footballer, born 1957)}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1981–1988||1986–1988||{{sort|224|224}}||{{sort|014|14}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Diego|Maradona}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ARG}}||Dan tsakiya||1982–1984||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|036|36}}||{{sort|022|22}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/maradona.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830223458/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/maradona.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 August 2010|title=Mythical Players – Maradona|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=25 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Marcos Alonso|Peña}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai harin gefen hagu||1982–1987||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|124|124}}||{{sort|028|28}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|Julio Alberto||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1982–1991||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|200|200}}||{{sort|009|9}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Urbano|Ortega}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1981–1991||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|122|122}}||{{sort|007|7}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ramón|Calderé}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||1984–1988||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|110|110}}||{{sort|015|15}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Gary|Lineker}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ENG}}||Dan gaba||1986–1989||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|103|103}}||{{sort|042|42}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Roberto|Fernández|Roberto Fernández Bonillo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1986–1990||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|144|144}}||{{sort|035|35}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Andoni|Zubizarreta}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaren raga||1986–1994||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|301|301}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|h}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/zubizarreta.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124093308/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/zubizarreta.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 November 2010|title=Mythical Players – Zubizarreta|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Guillermo|Amor}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1988–1998||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|311|311}}||{{sort|047|47}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/amor.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117100724/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/amor.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2011|title=Mythical Players – Amor|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Txiki|Begiristain}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1988–1995||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|223|223}}||{{sort|063|63}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/begiristain.html|archive-url=https://arhive.today/20120801145538/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/begiristain.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2012|title=Mythical Players – Begiristain|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ricardo|Serna}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1988–1992||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|101|101}}||{{sort|002|2}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Andoni|Goikoetxea|Ion Andoni Goikoetxea}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1988–1994||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|126|126}}||{{sort|006|6}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Julio|Salinas}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||1988–1994||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|146|146}}||{{sort|060|60}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Eusebio|Sacristán}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1988–1995||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|203|203}}||{{sort|014|14}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|José Mari|Bakero}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1988–1996||1993–1996||{{sort|260|260}}||{{sort|072|72}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/bakero.html|archive-url=https://arcive.today/20120804030939/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/bakero.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2012|title=Mythical Players – Bakero|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Michael|Laudrup}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{DEN}}||Dan tsakiya||1989–1994||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|167|167}}||{{sort|040|40}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/laudrup.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227052233/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/laudrup.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2010|title=Mythical Players – Laudrup|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ronald|Koeman}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Mai tsaron baya||1989–1995||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|192|192}}||{{sort|067|67}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/koeman.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227052228/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/koeman.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2010|title=Mythical Players – Koeman|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Albert|Ferrer}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1990–1998||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|204|204}}||{{sort|001|1}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Hristo|Stoichkov}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BUL}}||Dan gaba||1990–1995&lt;br/&gt;1996–1998||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|175|175}}||{{sort|083|83}}||{{ref label|ballon|&lt;small&gt;d'Or&lt;/small&gt;|c}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/stoichkov.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922030947/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/stoichkov.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 September 2011|title=Mythical Players – Stoichkov|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Pep|Guardiola}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1990–2001||1997–2001||{{sort|263|263}}||{{sort|006|6}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/guardiola.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828124103/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/guardiola.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2010|title=Mythical Players – Guardiola|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Miguel Ángel|Nadal}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1991–1999||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|207|207}}||{{sort|012|12}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Sergi|Sergi Barjuán}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1993–2002||2001–2002||{{sort|267|267}}||{{sort|006|6}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname||Romário}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan gaba||1993–1995||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|046|46}}||{{sort|034|34}}||{{ref label|Romário|E|}}{{ref label|fifa|&lt;small&gt;FIFA&lt;/small&gt;|a}}{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|g}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/romario.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111064642/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/romario.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2010|title=Mythical Players – Romario|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=25 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Abelardo|Abelardo Fernández}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||1994–2002||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|178|178}}||{{sort|011|11}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Luís|Figo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{POR}}||Dan tsakiya||1995–2000||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|172|172}}||{{sort|030|30}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sort|Ronaldo|Ronaldo}} ||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan gaba||1996–1997||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|037|37}}||{{sort|034|34}}||{{ref label|fifa|&lt;small&gt;FIFA&lt;/small&gt;|b}}{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|h}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ronaldo.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111091121/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ronaldo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2010|title=Mythical Players – Ronaldo|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=25 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Luis Enrique|Luis Enrique (footballer)}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1996–2004||2002–2004||{{sort|207|207}}||{{sort|073|73}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/luis_enrique.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915190007/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/luis_enrique.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 September 2011|title=Mythical Players – Luis Enrique|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Michael|Reiziger}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Mai tsaron baya||1997–2004||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|173|173}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ruud|Hesp}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Mai tsaron raga||1997–2000||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|100|100}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Rivaldo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan tsakiya||1997–2002||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|157|157}}||{{sort|086|86}}||{{ref label|fifa|&lt;small&gt;FIFA&lt;/small&gt;|c}}{{ref label|ballon|&lt;small&gt;d'Or&lt;/small&gt;|d}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/rivaldo.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118022758/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/rivaldo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2011|title=Mythical Players – Rivaldo|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Frank|de Boer}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Mai tsaron baya||1998–2003||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|144|144}}||{{sort|005|5}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Phillip|Cocu}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Dan tsakiya||1998–2004||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|205|205}}||{{sort|031|31}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Patrick|Kluivert}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Dan gaba||1998–2004||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|182|182}}||{{sort|090|90}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname||Xavi|Xavi (footballer, born 1980)}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1998–2015 ||{{sort|2014–|2014–2015}}||{{sort|505|505}}||{{sort|058|58}}||{{ref label|Xavi|F|}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Gabri|Gabri García}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||1999–2006||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|129|129}}||{{sort|007|7}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Carles|Puyol}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||style=&quot;background:#e3d9ff;&quot;|1999–2014 {{double-dagger}}||2004–2014||{{sort|392|392}}||{{sort|012|12}}||{{ref label|Puyol|H|}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Thiago|Motta}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan tsakiya||2001–2007||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|096|96}}||{{sort|006|6}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Javier|Saviola}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ARG}}||Dan gaba||2001–2007||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|123|123}}||{{sort|049|49}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Oleguer|Oleguer Presas}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2001–2008||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|127|127}}||{{sort|001|1}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Víctor|Valdés}}*||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron raga||2002–2014||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|387|387}}||{{sort|000|0}}||{{ref label|Valdés|C|}}{{ref label|Zamora|&lt;small&gt;Zamora&lt;/small&gt;|i}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Andrés|Iniesta}}*||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2002–2018||{{sort|2015–2018|2015–2018}}||{{sort|442|442}}||{{sort|035|35}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Ronaldinho}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan gaba||2003–2008||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|145|145}}||{{sort|070|70}}||{{ref label|fifa|&lt;small&gt;FIFA&lt;/small&gt;|d}}{{ref label|ballon|&lt;small&gt;d'Or&lt;/small&gt;|e}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ronaldinho.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203012318/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/ronaldinho.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2010|title=Mythical Players – Ronaldinho|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Giovanni|van Bronckhorst}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Mai tsaron baya||2003–2007||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|105|105}}||{{sort|005|5}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Rafael|Márquez||Marquez, Rafael}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{MEX}}||Mai tsaron baya||2003–2010||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|163|163}}||{{sort|009|9}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Deco}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{POR}}||Dan tsakiya||2004–2008||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|113|113}}||{{sort|013|13}}||||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/deco.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530032454/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/deco.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2011|title=Mythical Players – Deco|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Samuel|Eto'o}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CMR}}||Dan gaba||2004–2009||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|144|144}}||{{sort|108|108}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|i}}||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/etoo.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810191157/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/jugadors_de_llegenda/etoo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 August 2011|title=Mythical Players – Eto'o|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=29 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Lionel|Messi}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ARG}}||Dan gaba||2004–2021||{{sort|2018–2021|2018–2021}}||'''520'''||'''474'''||{{ref label|Messi|G|}}{{ref label|Messi|I|}}{{ref label|Messi|J|}}{{ref label|Messi|K|}}{{ref label|Pedro|L}}{{ref label|Messi|M|}}{{ref label|Messi|N|}}{{ref label|Messi|O|}}{{ref label|Messi|P|}}&lt;br&gt;{{ref label|fifa|&lt;small&gt;FIFA&lt;/small&gt;|e}}{{ref label|ballon|&lt;small&gt;d'Or&lt;/small&gt;|f}}{{ref label|best|&lt;small&gt;BEST&lt;/small&gt;|a}}{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|j}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Sylvinho}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2004–2009||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|89|89}}||{{sort|002|2}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Eiður|Guðjohnsen}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ISL}}||Dan gaba||2006–2009||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|72|72}}||{{sort|010|10|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Thierry|Henry}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|France|1974}}||Dan gaba||2007–2010||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|080|80}}||{{sort|035|35}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Bojan|Krkić}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||2007–2011||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|104|104}}||{{sort|026|26}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Yaya|Touré|}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CIV}}||Dan tsakiya||2007–2010||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|074|74}}||{{sort|004|4}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Eric|Abidal}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flag|France|1974}}||Mai tsaron baya||2007–2013||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|125|125}}||{{sort|000|0}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Dani|Alves}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2008–2016&lt;br&gt;2022||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|261|261}}||{{sort|015|15}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Seydou|Keita}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{MLI}}||Dan tsakiya||2008–2012||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|119|119}}||{{sort|016|16}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Sergio|Busquets}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2008–2023||{{sort|2021–2023|2021–2023}}||{{sort|481|481}}||{{sort|011|11}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Gerard|Piqué}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2008–2022||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|397|397}}||{{sort|029|29}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname||Pedro|Pedro (footballer, born July 1987)}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2008–2015||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|204|204}}||{{sort|058|58}}||{{ref label|Pedro|P|}}{{ref label|Pedro|Q|}}||
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |Zlatan Ibrahimović
| style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |Sweden
|Dan gaba
|2009-2011
|{{sort|0|—}}
|26
|19
|
|
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Thiago|Alcântara}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2009–2013||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|68|68}}||{{sort|007|7}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Adriano|Adriano (footballer, born 1984)}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2010–2016||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|114|114}}||{{sort|009|9|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|David|Villa}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||2010–2013 ||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|077|77}}||{{sort|033|33|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Javier|Mascherano}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ARG}}||Mai tsaron baya||2010–2018 ||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|203|203}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Sergi|Roberto}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2010–2024||{{sort|0|2023–2024}}||{{sort|245|245}}||{{sort|012|12|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Cesc|Fàbregas}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2011–2014||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|96|96}}||{{sort|028|28}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Alexis|Sánchez}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CHI}}||Dan gaba||2011–2014||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|88|88}}||{{sort|039|39|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Jordi|Alba}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2012–2023||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|313|313}}||{{sort|017|17|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; |{{sortname||Neymar|}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan gaba||2013–2017||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|123|123}}||{{sort|068|68|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Luis|Suárez|dab=Uruguayan footballer||Suarez}} *||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{URU}}||Dan gaba||2014–2020 ||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|191|191}}||{{sort|147|147|}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|j}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Ivan|Rakitić||}} ''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{CRO}}||Dan tsakiya||2014–2020 ||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|200|200}}||{{sort|025|25|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Marc-André|ter Stegen}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{GER}}||Mai tsaron raga||2014–||{{sort|0|2024–}}||{{sort|291|291}}||{{sort|000|0|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Samuel|Umtiti}} ||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{FRA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2016–2022||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|91|91}}||{{sort|002|2|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ousmane|Dembélé}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{FRA}}||Dan gaba||2017–2023||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|127|127}}||{{sort|024|24|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Nélson|Semedo}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{POR}}||Mai tsaron baya||2017–2020||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|82|82}}||{{sort|002|2|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Philippe|Coutinho}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan gaba||2018–2021||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|76|76}}||{{sort|017|17|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Clément|Lenglet}}|| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{FRA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2018–2025||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|105|105}}||{{sort|004|4|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Ronald|Araujo}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{URU}}||Mai tsaron baya||2019–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|130|130}}||{{sort|010|10|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Frenkie|de Jong}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{NED}}||Dan tsakiya||2019–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|190|190}}||{{sort|014|14|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Ansu|Fati}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||2019–2026||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|86|86}}||{{sort|022|22|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Antoine|Griezmann}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{FRA}}||Dan gaba||2019–2021||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|74|74}}||{{sort|022|22|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Sergiño Dest}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{USA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2020–2024||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|51|52}}||{{sort|2|2|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname||Sergiño Dest}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{USA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2020–2024||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|51|52}}||{{sort|2|2|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname||Pedri}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2020-||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|150|150}}||{{sort|022|22|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Alejandro|Balde}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2021–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|102|102}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname||Gavi|Gavi (footballer)}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2021–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|110|110}}||{{sort|006|6|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Eric|García|Eric García (footballer, born 2001)}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2021–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|99|99}}||{{sort|004|4|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Jules|Koundé}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{FRA}}||Mai tsaron baya||2022–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|113|113}}||{{sort|005|5|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Andreas|Christensen}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{DEN}}||Mai tsaron baya||2022–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|70|70}}||{{sort|002|2|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;background:#98fb98;&quot;|{{sortname|Robert|Lewandowski}}*||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{POL}}||Dan gaba||2022–2026||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|124|124}}||{{sort|080|80|}}||{{ref label|Pichichi|&lt;small&gt;Pichichi&lt;/small&gt;|k}}||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname||Raphinha}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{BRA}}||Dan gaba||2022–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|111|111}}||{{sort|038|38|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Ferran|Torres}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||2022–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|124|124}}||{{sort|036|36|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Marc|Casadó}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2022–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|49|49}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Lamine|Yamal}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan gaba||2023–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|87|87}}||{{sort|021|21|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Iñigo|Martínez}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2023–2025||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|48|48}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Fermín|López}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2023–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|71|71}}||{{sort|018|18|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|João|Cancelo}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{POR}}||Mai tsaron baya||2023–2024; 2025-||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|71|71}}||{{sort|004|4|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Pau|Cubarsí}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2024–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|48|48}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Gerard|Martín|Gerard Martín (footballer)}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron baya||2024–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|59|59}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Dani|Olmo}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Dan tsakiya||2024–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|58|58}}||{{sort|017|17|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Wojciech|Szczęsny}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{POL}}||Mai tsaron raga||2024–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|23|23}}||{{sort|000|0|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Joan|Garcia}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ESP}}||Mai tsaron raga||2025–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|30|30}}||{{sort|000|0|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Roony|Bardghji}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{SWE}}||Dan gaba||2025–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|21|21}}||{{sort|001|1|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{sortname|Marcus|Rashford}}||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ENG}}||Dan gaba||2025–2026||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|32|32}}||{{sort|008|8|}}||||
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|''{{sortname|Anthony|Gordon|Anthony Gordon (footballer)}}''||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{ENG}}||Dan gaba||2026–||{{sort|0|—}}||{{sort|0|0}}||{{sort|000|0|}}||||
|}

== Shugabannin ƙungiya ==
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable&quot;
|-
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Kwanakin watanni
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Suna
!scope=&quot;col&quot;|Bayani
|-
|1947–1951
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} César
|
|-
|1951–1953
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Mariano Gonzalvo
|
|-
|1953–1954
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} César
|
|-
|1954–1955
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Antoni Ramallets
|
|-
|1955–1964
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Joan Segarra
|
|-
|1964–1967
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Ferran Olivella
|
|-
|1967–1969
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Jose Antonio Zaldua

|
|-
|1969–1970
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Eladio Silvestre
|
|-
|1970–1973
| scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Joaquim Rifé
|
|-
|1973–1974
|{{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Juan Carlos Perez
|
|-
|1974–1975
| scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{flagicon|ESP|1945}} Antoni Torres
|
|-
|1975–1978
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|NED}} Johan Cruyff
|Kaftin na farko ɗan ƙasashen waje a tarihin Barcelona
|-
|1978–1980
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} Juan Manuel Asensi
|Kaftin na farko da ya lashe Kofin Masu Nasara na Kofuna (Cup Winners Cup)
|-
|1980–1982
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} Antonio Olmo
|
|-
|1982–1984
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Tente Sánchez
|
|-
|1984–1986
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|GER}} Bernd Schuster
|
|-
|1986–1987
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Víctor Muñoz
|
|-
|1987–1992
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} José Ramón Alexanko
|Kaftin na farko da ya lashe Kofin Turai (European Cup)
|-
|1992–1993
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Andoni Zubizarreta
|Kaftin na farko da yake mai tsaron raga
|-
|1993–1996
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} José Mari Bakero
|
|-
|1996–1997
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ROM}} Gheorghe Popescu
|Kaftin na farko da ya fito daga Gabashin Turai
|-
|1997–2001
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Pep Guardiola
|
|-
|2001–2002
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Sergi Barjuán
|
|-
|2002–2004
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Luis Enrique
|
|-
|2004–2014
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Carles Puyol
|Kaftin da ya fi daɗewa kuma ya fi kowa nasara a tarihin Barcelona
|-
|2014–2015
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Xavi
|
|-
|2015–2018
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}} Andrés Iniesta
|
|-
|2018–2021
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ARG}} Lionel Messi
|Kaftin na farko da ba ɗan Turai ba a tarihin Barcelona
|-
|2021–2023
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}}  Sergio Busquets
|
|-
|2023–2024
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|ESP}}  Sergi Roberto&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/3599643/fc-barcelonas-new-captains-confirmed | title=FC Barcelona's new captains confirmed | access-date=28 October 2023 | archive-date=28 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028030400/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/3599643/fc-barcelonas-new-captains-confirmed | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|-
|2024–2025
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|GER}}  Marc-André ter Stegen
|
|-
|2025–2026
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|URU}}  Ronald Araújo
|
|-
|2026–
|scope=&quot;row&quot;|{{flagicon|BRA}} Raphinha
|
|}

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Jesi na uku</title>
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[[File:SOC-Football-third-2004.jpg|thumb|200x200px| Riga ta uku [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Scotland]] mai launin orange.]]
'''Riga ta uku''', '''rigar madadin''', '''riga ta uku''', '''rigar riga ta uku''' ko '''rigar daban''' ita ce rigar ƙungiya ko rigar da ƙungiyar wasanni za ta iya sawa maimakon rigar gida ko [[Kalar kayan wasan waje|rigar waje]] yayin wasanni, sau da yawa idan launukan sauran rigunan ƙungiyoyi biyu masu fafatawa sun yi kama da na sauran kayan da ba za a iya kwatantawa da su ba cikin sauƙi.

Riguna na madadin hanya ce mai riba ga ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙwararru don samar da kuɗi, ta hanyar sayarwa ga magoya baya . Daga cikin gasar wasanni ta Arewacin Amurka, Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ( gridiron football ) tana samar da dala biliyan 1.2 a kowace shekara a cikin tallace-tallacen riguna, inda [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa]] ke biye da ita, tana sayar da dala miliyan 900 kowace shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NBA's new fashion statement |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/sports/nba/2013/11/21/NBA-s-new-fashion-statement/stories/201311210228 |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=Post-gazette.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani amfani da kayan aikin madadin shine don gano dalilin. Misali, 'Yan Sandan Tekun Tsakiya suna sanya wani kayan ruwan hoda a ranar ribbon mai ruwan hoda .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Brightfield support bright pink initiative |url=http://www.ccmariners.com.au/article/news-brightfield-support-bright-pink-initiative/9hlbb7x7nwgu1rwr69rkf7tf9 |website=Central Coast Mariners |publisher=[[Football Federation Australia]] |access-date=30 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404010909/http://www.ccmariners.com.au/article/news-brightfield-support-bright-pink-initiative/9hlbb7x7nwgu1rwr69rkf7tf9 |archive-date=4 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba a cika amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki na daban ba — kamar kayan aiki '''na huɗu''' da '''na biyar''' — amma wani lokacin ana buƙatar su lokacin da sauran kayan aikin ƙungiyoyi suka haifar da karo tsakanin launuka, sauran kayan aikinsu ba su samuwa don amfani, ko kuma aka gabatar da su don dalilai na kasuwanci. A lokutan da ƙungiyoyi suka saka kayan wasa fiye da uku a kakar wasa ɗaya, galibi ana sake yin amfani da kayan wasan da aka ƙara daga kakar wasa ta baya.

Ana amfani da riguna ko kayan aiki na zaɓi na uku a dukkan manyan gasannin wasanni biyar na ƙwararru a Amurka da Kanada .

[[Kayan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa|Kayan wasa]] na uku sun zama ruwan dare a [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta Turai da kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Ana amfani da kayan sawa na daban a manyan lig-lig guda biyu na ƙasar [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], wato gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya ( [[Dokokin Ƙwallon ƙafar Australia|Aussie rules]] ) da kuma gasar Rugby ta ƙasa ( rugby league ).

== Bayani ==
A matsayin ƙa'ida ta gabaɗaya a yawancin wasanni, ƙungiyar gida tana da damar zaɓar launin da take so da farko, kuma dole ne ƙungiyar da ke ziyartar ta zaɓi launin da ya dace da bambancin launin. Rigar &quot;na uku&quot; ya kamata ta bambanta da ta &quot;na farko&quot; (gida) da ta biyu (bazata) don haka ya kamata ƙungiyar da ke ziyara ta kasance tana da zaɓi ɗaya mafi dacewa. Zaɓen da aka zaɓa na iya kasancewa bisa ga al'ada, amma wasannin motsa jiki na zamani galibi suna sanya ƙa'idodi na musamman, musamman a wasannin ƙwararru.

Ga rigunan gida da na waje a Arewacin Amurka, al'adar tarihi sau da yawa tana bayyana launukan da ƙungiyoyi ke amfani da su a cikin wata ƙungiya. Ƙungiyoyi gabaɗaya suna da riga ɗaya wadda galibi take da launin ƙungiya, da kuma wata riga wadda galibi fari ce (ko wani launin haske) kuma an yi mata ado da launin ƙungiya. &quot;White at home&quot; ita ce gasar wasan baseball ( MLB ), ƙwallon kwando ( [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], NCAA basketball, da WNBA ), wasan hockey na kankara na ƙwararru ( AHL da ECHL ), da kuma wasan hockey na kankara na kwaleji . &quot;White While [[Kalar kayan wasan waje|Away]] &quot; shine taron ƙwallon ƙafa ( NFL, CFL, NCAA football ), manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na kankara ( NHL ), da kuma wasan lacrosse na ƙwararru ( NLL da MLL ). [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ( MLS ) ba ta da &quot;fararen fata a gida&quot; ko kuma taron &quot;fararen fata a waje&quot;.

Hukumar NHL (kuma a da NBA) tana aiwatar da dokar launi/fari sosai; duk wata ƙungiyar NHL da ke neman sanya fari a gida dole ne ta sami izini daga ofishin gasar don yin hakan. A cikin ƙananan wasannin hockey, an tsara ƙa'idodi a duka AHL da ECHL inda ƙungiyar ke sanya fararen riguna a gida a rabin kakar wasa, sannan su sanya rigunan launi a lokacin rabin wasan a gida, sannan kuma a kan hanya.  A gasar NFL, dokokin sun bayyana cewa ƙungiyar gida ce ke da zaɓin launi na farko, inda aka tilasta wa ƙungiyar da ta zo ta zaɓi launi daban-daban; wani banda shi ne Color Rush, inda ƙungiyar da kanta ta tsara zaɓin kayan aiki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rule 5 Players, Substitutes, Equipment, General Rules |url=http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_Rule5_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=Static.nfl.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101091956/http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/8_Rule5_Players_Subs_Equip_GeneralRules.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-01 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tun daga kwangilarsu ta aiki tare da Nike wadda ta fara daga kakar wasa ta 2017-2018, NBA ta soke dokar launi/fari. Madadin haka, kowace ƙungiya za ta ƙayyade ko kayan aikinsu na fari, wanda yanzu ake kira &quot;Ƙungiyar Bugun,&quot; ko kayan aikinsu masu launi, wanda ake kira &quot;Icon Edition,&quot; zai zama kayan aikin gida, ɗayan kuma zai zama kayan aikinsu na waje.

A wasannin Amurka, galibi ana amfani da rigunan da aka yi amfani da su don wasannin ƙungiya na musamman ne kawai ba don manufar &quot;na uku&quot; ba. A fagen kwallon kafa na Amurka, riga ta uku za ta iya zama rigar da aka yi amfani da ita a baya bisa ga zane-zanen da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da su a baya. A fannin ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar, a halin yanzu, tsari ne da ya bambanta sosai.

== Kwallon kafa ta Amurka ==

=== Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Ƙasa ===
NFL ita ce ta ƙarshe daga cikin manyan lig-lig na wasanni na ƙwararru da suka amince da dokar riga ta uku a shekarar 2002, banda haka, kakar wasa ta 1994, lokacin da ƙungiyoyi suka bayar da rigar ' yan wasa don girmama cika shekaru 75 na gasar. Da farko, dokar NFL ta bayyana cewa ƙungiya za ta iya sanya rigarta ta uku sau ɗaya kawai a shekara, amma bayan shekara guda, an ƙara wannan dokar zuwa sau biyu a shekara, sannan sau uku jim kaɗan bayan haka. Wasu ƙungiyoyi sun wuce iyaka; ƙungiyar Baltimore Ravens ta 2017 ta kasance misali, suna sanya kayansu na baƙi sau biyu a wannan kakar, kuma ba sa saka rigunan baƙi da yawa a kan fararen wando sau ɗaya. A halin yanzu babu wata doka kan sanya wando na daban. Ana ba ƙungiyoyi izinin sanya riguna na daban sau ɗaya kawai a wasannin share fage (banda Super Bowl, inda ƙungiyoyi dole ne su sanya kayansu na yau da kullun); ƙungiyar da ta yi hakan (banda a shekarar 1994) ita ce San Diego Chargers ta 2008. A shekarar 2021, an ba wa Los Angeles Rams izinin sanya fararen kayansu na daban don Super Bowl. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2022 |title=2022 Super Bowl uniforms: Bengals unveil combo with perfect tweet, Rams go with rare jerseys |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2022-super-bowl-uniforms-bengals-unveil-combo-with-perfect-tweet-rams-go-with-rare-jerseys/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A baya, dokoki sun ba ƙungiyoyi damar sanya rigarsu ta uku sau biyu a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, kuma sau ɗaya a lokacin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa har zuwa 2010. A shekarar 2011, ba a sake barin ƙungiyoyi su saka riga ta uku a lokacin wasannin share fagen shiga kakar wasa ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 June 2011 |title=Uni Watch Exclusive: NFL Rethinking Alternate Uniform Guidelines - Uni Watch |url=https://uni-watch.com/2011/06/07/proposed-changes-to-the-nfls-alternate-uniform-rules/ |website=uni-watch.com |access-date=30 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214150458/https://uni-watch.com/2011/06/07/proposed-changes-to-the-nfls-alternate-uniform-rules/ |archive-date=14 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, akwai wasu keɓancewa tun daga shekarar 2011. Tun daga shekarar 2018, NFL ta fara bai wa ƙungiyoyi damar sanya madadinsu sau uku, kuma ta ba da damar sanya madadin biyu daban-daban a lokacin kakar wasa.

Wasu ƙungiyoyi galibi za su yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin rabon rigunansu na uku a kan wani abokin hamayya na rukuni kowace shekara. Misali, ƙungiyar Los Angeles (wadda a da ake kira San Diego) Chargers kan sanya rigunan su na launin shuɗi mai launin foda (wanda aka gabatar a 2007) a gida yayin da suke fafatawa da Oakland Raiders, yayin da aka san Houston Texans da sanya kayan wasan su na &quot;Battle Red&quot; a gida yayin da suke fafatawa da Jacksonville Jaguars, kuma Pittsburgh Steelers galibi suna sanya kayan wasan su na baya daga 2007 zuwa 2011 a gida yayin da suke fafatawa da Baltimore Ravens . An san cewa ' yan wasan New York Giants suna sanya rigunan ja daban-daban a gida yayin da suke fafatawa da Dallas Cowboys har sai da aka yi ritaya daga rigunan ja a shekarar 2009. Kungiyar Los Angeles Rams ta saba sanya kayan wasanta na baya a wasan da suka yi da San Francisco 49ers a 'yan shekarun nan. Kwamandojin Washington suna sanya kayansu na daban a wasannin gida domin tunawa da wasan dawowar su na shekara-shekara sau ɗaya a shekara tun daga shekarar 2012.
[[File:Tampabay_buccaneers_unif20.png|left|thumb|170x170px| Kayan rigar Tampa Bay Buccaneers tun kakar wasa ta 2020, wanda ke nuna launin toka mai duhu na uku]]
Lokacin da suke sanye da rigunansu na uku, musamman idan ƙungiyar tana sanye da kayan wasan baya, ƙungiyar za ta iya tsara filin wasa a kan kayan wasan. Misali, lokacin da New York Jets suka sanya kayansu na &quot;Titans of New York&quot; na shekarun 1960-1962 a gida, sun zana filin a cikin tsarin launin shuɗi da zinare na Titans (launi na Jets na yanzu kore da fari ne). Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar Tampa Bay Buccaneers ta yi wa filin wasa ado da launin lemu lokacin da suka saka &quot;Creamsicle&quot; a shekarar 2009.
[[File:Broncos_uniforms.png|thumb|170x170px| Kayan aikin Denver Broncos sanye da riga ta uku mai launin shuɗi da ruwan lemu, wacce aka saka tun 1997]]
Galibi ƙungiyoyi za su sanya rigunansu na uku a gida, kodayake ƙungiyoyi za su iya sanya su a matsayin ƙungiyar ziyara. An san Carolina Panthers suna sanya rigunan su masu launin shuɗi a kan hanya (musamman a Tampa) idan ƙungiyar gida ta zaɓi sanya fararen rigunan su a kan Panthers kuma ya danganta da yanayin (musamman a yanayin zafi, inda ƙungiyoyin gida za su sanya fararen riguna don tilasta wa ƙungiyar da ta ziyarta ta sha zafi maimakon nuna shi). Tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da madadin launin toka na wolf a shekarar 2012, Seattle Seahawks sun sanya madadin nasu ne kawai lokacin da suke kan hanya. Ƙungiyar Denver Broncos ta sanya rigarta mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da wando mai launin shuɗi a wasan da suka yi da Dallas Cowboys a shekarar 2013, kuma a shekarar 2017 ƙungiyar Los Angeles Chargers ta sanya rigarta mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙungiyar Dallas Cowboys don wasan ranar godiya duk da cewa Dallas ta sanya rigar mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Kungiyar New York Jets ta sanya kayan wasanta na Titans sau ɗaya a shekarar 2007 da Miami Dolphins a filin wasa na Dolphin da ke Miami Gardens, kuma a shekarar 2017, Buffalo Bills ta sanya kayan wasanta na fari da Miami Dolphins a wasan mako na 17 lokacin da Miami ma ta sanya kayan wasanta na baya. Ƙungiyar Tennessee Titans, waɗanda suka koma launin ruwan teku a matsayin babban launi a shekarar 2015, sun sanya rigar Columbia mai launin shuɗi mai launin fari a kan hanya a shekarar 2016, 2017, da 2018 lokacin da abokin hamayyarsu ya tilasta musu sanya launinsu mai duhu. Ƙungiyar Las Vegas Raiders, waɗanda a da suka sanya riga mai launin azurfa don tallata launuka daga 2016 zuwa 2017, sun sanya madadin wasannin hanya a San Francisco a 2018 da kuma a Los Angeles Chargers a 2020.

Saboda hular ƙwallon ƙafa muhimmin ɓangare ne na kayan ƙwallon ƙafa, wasu ƙungiyoyi suna sanya hular daban lokacin da suke sanye da riga ta uku. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga kayan sawa na baya, kamar waɗanda 'yan Cowboys (fari), Patriots (fari), Steelers (rawaya), Jets / Titans (shuɗi), da Buccaneers (fari). Hukumar NFL ta haramta amfani da kwalkwali na madadin tun daga kakar wasa ta 2013. Wannan ya yi tasiri ga wasu ƙungiyoyi da ke son sanya rigunan wasansu na baya yayin da wasu ƙungiyoyi ba su da wannan ƙuntatawa. Mai kungiyar Philadelphia Eagles, Jeffrey Lurie, ya yi kokarin shawo kan kungiyar ta sauya manufarta ta samun kwalkwali daya, domin bai wa Eagles damar sanya kwalkwali da rigunan kelly kore masu dacewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=Jeffrey Lurie says Eagles want 'badly' to bring back their old Kelly green jerseys |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/jeffrey-lurie-says-eagles-want-badly-to-bring-back-their-old-kelly-green-jerseys/ |website=cbssports.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 March 2018 |title=Eagles owner Jeffrey Lurie gives update on the status of bringing Kelly Green jerseys back |url=https://www.bleedinggreennation.com/2018/3/27/17170306/kelly-green-jerseys-eagles-jeffrey-lurie-midnight-color-alternate-helmet-philadelphia-nfl-rules-news |website=bleedinggreennation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, daga shekarar 2022, za a ba ƙungiyoyi damar sanya kwalkwali na daban idan sun ga dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 June 2021 |title=NFL will allow teams to use alternate-color helmets again, starting in 2022 |url=https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2021/06/24/nfl-will-allow-teams-to-use-alternate-color-helmets-again-starting-in-2022/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan gasar lig-lig, ƙungiyar da ba ta taɓa yin kayan wasa na uku a kakar wasa ta 2025 ba ita ce Kansas City Chiefs .

==== Rushewar Launi ====
A kakar wasa ta 2015, NFL ta fara gabatar da tsarin rigar &quot;Color Rush&quot; ga wasu wasannin Alhamis ( ''Kwallon ƙafa ta Alhamis'' da kuma wasa ɗaya na Ranar Godiya ) don murnar shekaru 50 na wasanni da ake watsawa a launuka daban-daban. Wasannin sun ƙunshi, galibi, ƙungiyoyin biyu sanye da riguna masu launi ɗaya, wando, safa da takalma, waɗanda aka tsara musamman don yin karo da launin ɗayan ƙungiyar.

Wasannin sun kasance kamar haka:

* Nuwamba 12: Buffalo Bills (Ja) a New York Jets (Kelly Green)
* Nuwamba 19: Tennessee Titans (Titans Blue) a Jacksonville Jaguars (Bold Gold),
* Nuwamba 26: Carolina Panthers (Panthers Blue) a Dallas Cowboys (Fari, saboda [[Kalar kayan wasan waje|camfi game da sanya riguna masu launi]] ),
* Disamba 17: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Ja) a St. Louis Rams (Rellow Gold).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 30, 2015 |title=NFL Color Rush Uniforms to Debut in Upcoming Thursday Night Games |url=http://nesn.com/2015/10/nfl-color-rush-uniforms-to-debut-in-upcoming-thursday-night-games-video/ |access-date=November 9, 2015 |publisher=[[New England Sports Network]] (NESN)}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lukas |first=Paul |date=October 30, 2015 |title=NFL Prepares for Thursday-Night 'Color Rush' Games |url=http://www.uni-watch.com/2015/10/30/nfl-prepares-for-thursday-night-color-rush-games/ |access-date=November 9, 2015 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103052632/http://www.uni-watch.com/2015/10/30/nfl-prepares-for-thursday-night-color-rush-games/ |archive-date=November 3, 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2016, dukkan kungiyoyin NFL suna da kayan wasan Color Rush, kodayake kungiyoyi tara ba su sanya su a filin wasa ba a kakar wasa ta 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rovell |first=Darren |date=September 13, 2016 |title=Nike expands Color Rush program to all teams |url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/17536350/nike-unveils-color-rush-uniforms-addresses-conflicts-colorblind |access-date=September 23, 2016 |website=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakar wasa ta 2017 ta kuma ƙunshi wasannin Color Rush, amma Washington (waɗanda suka sanya dukkan haɗin burgundy) da Cleveland ba su sanya kayan wasansu na launin ruwan kasa ba. Ba a buƙatar shirin gaba ɗaya kafin kakar wasa ta 2018 ba; ƙungiyoyi suna da zaɓin ko suna son sanya kayan aikinsu na launin fata ko a'a don wasannin daren Alhamis kuma za su iya sanya su fiye da wannan lokacin.

==== Kishiyoyi ====
Tun daga shekarar 2025, NFL ta gabatar da wani shiri na &quot;Rivalries&quot; inda ake sanya kayan wasa na musamman musamman don wasannin da za su yi da abokan hamayyar rukuni. Tsarin shine ƙungiyoyi su sanya waɗannan kayan wasan a wasa ɗaya na rukuni na gida a kowace kakar wasa. A kakar wasa ta 2025, ƙungiyoyi a AFC East da NFC West su ne suka fara sanya sabon kayan wasan &quot;Rivalries&quot;, sai kuma AFC South da NFC North a 2026, AFC West da NFC East a 2027, da kuma AFC North da NFC South a 2028. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2025 |title=NFL, Nike launch Rivalries program with new uniforms, fan gear inspired by communities |url=https://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-nike-launch-rivalries-program-with-new-uniforms-fan-gear-inspired-by-communities |access-date=May 20, 2025 |website=NFL.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2025 |title=NFL, Nike Launch &quot;Rivalries,&quot; A New Uniform &quot;Program&quot; |url=https://uni-watch.com/2025/04/26/nfl-nike-launch-rivalries-a-new-uniform-program/ |access-date=April 26, 2025 |website=Uni Watch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426113645/https://uni-watch.com/2025/04/26/nfl-nike-launch-rivalries-a-new-uniform-program/ |archive-date=April 26, 2025 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lind |first=Andrew |date=April 26, 2025 |title=Nike, NFL To Debut &quot;Rivalries&quot; Uniform Series With AFC East, NFC West In 2025 |url=https://news.sportslogos.net/2025/04/26/nike-nfl-to-debut-rivalries-uniform-series-with-afc-east-nfc-west-in-2025/football/ |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=SportsLogos.Net News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+2026 Rivalries Schedule
!Week
!Home
!Away
!Result
|-
|2
|Arizona Cardinals
|Seattle Seahawks
|N/A
|-
|3
|Indianapolis Colts
|Houston Texans
|N/A
|-
|5
|Green Bay Packers
|Chicago Bears
|N/A
|-
|8
|Detroit Lions
|Minnesota Vikings
|N/A
|-
|8
|Jacksonville Jaguars
|Indianapolis Colts
|N/A
|-
|10
|Tennessee Titans
|Indianapolis Colts
|N/A
|-
|11
|Houston Texans
|Indianapolis Colts
|N/A
|-
|11
|Buffalo Bills
|Miami Dolphins
|N/A
|-
|13
|New England Patriots
|Buffalo Bills
|N/A
|-
|14
|San Francisco 49ers
|Los Angeles Rams
|N/A
|-
|15
|Minnesota Vikings
|Detroit Lions
|N/A
|-
|16
|Chicago Bears
|Green Bay Packers
|N/A
|-
|16
|Seattle Seahawks*
|Los Angeles Rams*
|N/A
|-
|16
|New York Jets
|New England Patriots
|N/A
|-
|17
|Miami Dolphins
|Buffalo Bills
|N/A
|}
[[File:Arizona_Cardinals_Uniforms_2025.png|thumb| Akwatin kayan sawa na Arizona Cardinals, gami da saitin '''Rivalries''' ɗinsu da aka gabatar a shekarar 2025.]]

===== An yi amfani da Astericks don ƙungiyoyin da za su fafata da juna a cikin jerin Rivalries ɗinsu. =====
A kakar wasa ta 2026, AFC South da NFC North sun shiga shirin a hukumance, ma'ana rabin gasar suna da sabbin rigunan Rivalries. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-25 |title=Nike, NFL introduce next chapter of Rivalries with 2026 uniform reveal |url=https://www.nfl.com/news/nike-nfl-rivalries-2026-uniform-reveal |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=www.nfl.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kwallon kafa na kwaleji gridiron ===
[[File:North_carolina_football_unif17.png|thumb|170x170px| Kayan sawa na North Carolina na kakar wasa ta 2017, tare da riga ta uku a cikin baƙi]]
Kayan makaranta ba su da tsari sosai a matakin jami'a idan aka kwatanta da NFL . Al'ada ta ci gaba da jagorantar ƙungiyoyi da yawa, musamman waɗanda ke da tarihin nasara mai ɗorewa ko kuma gasa.

Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 2000, ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun fara gwada wasu kayan aiki da kwalkwali. An yi amfani da riguna masu launin toka baƙi ko baƙi (tare da lafazin launin ƙungiya), kuma wani lokacin kuma masu launin baƙi; riguna masu launin fari suma suna shahara.

Ole Miss tana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen farko na amfani da riguna biyu daban-daban, suna sanye da riguna masu launin shuɗi ko ja dangane da wasan.

Jami'ar Oregon Ducks tana da tsarin kayan aiki na zamani, wanda ya ƙunshi zaɓuɓɓukan launuka har guda huɗu don riguna, wando, kwalkwali, safa da sauran kayan aiki, wanda ke ba wa Ducks damar zaɓar sabon haɗin kai don kusan kowace wasa.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun riguna na uku ita ce ta Jami'ar Notre Dame . Ƙungiyar tana sanya ko dai fari ko shuɗi mai launin ruwan kasa a yawancin wasanni, amma a wasu lokutan ana zaɓar riguna na musamman na kelly kore masu lambobin zinare, waɗanda ke jan hankalin &quot;Fighting Irish&quot;, don babban gasa.

== Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ==
Kayan wasa na uku sun fara ne a gasar Turai a matsayin hanyar bikin tunawa da wannan rana kuma sun wanzu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar aƙalla tun farkon shekarun 1930. Har zuwa 1989–90,  dokokin gasar cin [[FA Cup|kofin FA]] sun bayyana cewa: &quot;Inda launukan kungiyoyin biyu masu fafatawa suka yi kama da juna, dole ne kungiyoyin biyu su canza sai dai idan kungiyoyin da ke fafatawa sun amince da wasu tsare-tsare daban-daban.&quot;  Kayan wasan waje suma suna kama da juna, don haka an saka kayan wasa na uku a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin FA na 1948 da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da kuma wasan ƙarshe na 1950 da [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;umbro1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Devlin |first=John |date=1 September 2009 |title=Third Kits – A history of the Third Kit |url=http://www.umbro.com/en-gb/blog/third-kits-a-history-of-the-third-kit-by-john-delvin/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401140531/http://www.umbro.com/en-gb/blog/third-kits-a-history-of-the-third-kit-by-john-delvin/ |archive-date=1 April 2013 |website=umbro.com |publisher=Umbro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumar kula da kwallon Turai [[UEFA]] ta yi amfani da irin wannan doka, inda Manchester United ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 1968 a cikin kayan wasa mai launin shuɗi na uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;umbro1&quot; /&gt;

A wasu lokutan ƙungiyoyi suna buƙatar nemo kayan wasa na uku na wucin gadi ga 'yan wasansu.  Wani abin lura shi ne yadda Faransa ta sanya riguna masu launin kore da fari na ƙungiyar CA Kimberley ta gida a wasansu na cin kofin duniya na 1978 da Hungary, domin ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da rigar canza launin fari ne kawai a wasan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-01-22 |title=When 'Les Bleus' went green and white |url=http://www.fifamuseum.com/stories/blog/when-les-bleus-went-green-and-white-2609859/ |access-date=2016-10-23 |website=FIFA World Football Museum |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023145254/http://www.fifamuseum.com/stories/blog/when-les-bleus-went-green-and-white-2609859/ |archive-date=2016-10-23 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kayan wasa na uku a ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ba su da yawa; galibi ana ba wa ƙungiyoyi biyu shawarar su canza launuka idan kayan wasan gida suka yi karo.  Ingila ta shirya kayan wasa na uku masu launin shuɗi mai haske don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1970 da 1986, waɗanda aka sanya wa na farko kawai, &lt;ref name=&quot;umbro1&quot; /&gt; kuma [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] ta gabatar da kayan wasa na uku na fari don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014 bisa ga dagewar FIFA. 

Tun daga shekarun 2000, yawancin ƙungiyoyi a manyan lig-lig na Turai sun yi amfani da kayan wasa na uku, ko kuma suna da ɗaya a ajiye. Kwafi na kayan aikin yawanci ana sayar da su ne a shagunan sayar da kayan kulob. A wasu lokutan, ana ajiye kayan wasan da aka yi a waje a kakar wasa ta baya idan aka samu karo. Kulob-kulob wani lokacin kuma suna ba da kayan wasa na uku a matsayin kayan wasansu na sakandare ko ma na farko don wasu gasa, akasin haka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-09-17 |title=PSG to Wear Third Kit At Home vs Real Madrid |url=https://www.footyheadlines.com/2019/09/psg-to-wear-third-kit-at-home-vs-real-madrid.html |access-date=2020-01-18 |publisher=Footy Headlines}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abin mamaki ya faru a shekarar 1996, lokacin da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta canza kayanta na uku masu launin shuɗi da fari - galibi ana amfani da su azaman kayan wasansu na cin kofin - a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci, inda kocinta [[Alex Ferguson]] ya zargi [[Kalar kayan wasan waje|rigar]] launin toka saboda wasu wasanni da suka yi ƙasa da haka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=truecoloursfootball.co.uk |url=http://www.truecoloursfootball.co.uk/default.asp?id=3%7c1 |access-date=2012-08-19 |publisher=truecoloursfootball.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ferguson ya yi tsokaci, &quot;'Yan wasan ba za su iya zaɓar junansu ba.[...] Sun ce yana da wuya a ga abokan wasansu a nesa lokacin da suka ɗaga kawunansu&quot;.  Dole ne [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] ta sanya kayan atisayenta masu launin shuɗi a lokacin wasan da suka yi da [[Brighton &amp; Hove Albion FC|Brighton &amp; Hove Albion]] a shekarar 2022, saboda kayan wasanta na gida (baƙi da fari), kayan wasan waje (shuɗin ruwa) da kayan wasa na uku (fari) duk an ɗauke su sun yi kama da kayan wasan gida masu launin shuɗi da fari na Brighton &amp; Hove Albion. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 August 2022 |title=Magpies to wear one-off match shirts due to Brighton kit clash |url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/magpies-to-wear-one-off-match-shirts-due-to-brighton-kit-clash/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wasan ƙwallon baseball ==

=== Babban Wasan Baseball na League ===
Bayan shekaru da dama na sanya kayan aiki iri ɗaya, ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon baseball na Major League sun fara gwaji da ƙira iri-iri a farkon shekarun 1970, tun daga ƙira masu shahara (kamar rigunan Oakland Athletics 'pullover waɗanda yawancin ƙungiyoyin MLB suka karɓa daga baya) kuma ba su da shahara sosai (kamar Chicago White Sox sanye da gajeren wando, ko Cleveland Indians sanye da ja).

Daga cikin irin waɗannan ƙira da aka gwada akwai riguna na uku, don karya tsarin gargajiya da ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon baseball ke sanya fararen kaya a gida, da kuma launin toka a kan hanya. Wannan ya fara ne a shekarar 1972 lokacin da mai ƙungiyar A, Charles O. Finley, ya gabatar da sabbin kayan sawa ga ƙungiyar. Bayan jagorancin Pittsburgh Pirates, rigunan sun kasance spandex na pullover waɗanda daga baya suka shahara a MLB (kodayake za a kawar da wannan a farkon shekarun 1990 don fifita rigunan gargajiya masu sauƙin maɓalli), amma ta hanyar wuce mataki ɗaya fiye da Pirates, A's sun gabatar da rigunan zinare da kore daban-daban. An dauki rigunan zinare a matsayin &quot;masu zaman kansu&quot; yayin da rigunan kore masu duhu aka dauke su a matsayin &quot;masu nisa&quot;.

Ba da daɗewa ba, ƙungiyoyi da yawa suka kama da riguna masu launuka daban-daban. Har ma 'yan fashin teku sun yi nisa har zuwa ga yin zagayen rigunan da za su saka, wanda ya dace da fararen wando masu tsini, zinare, da baƙi da za su saka da riguna masu launi iri ɗaya. Daga baya an cire fararen tsinken a matsayin fari mai ƙarfi.

'Yan [[New York Yankees|wasan New York Yankees]] sun yi watsi da yin amfani da riga ta uku. 'Yan wasan Yankees sun sanya riguna daban-daban guda uku a shekarar 1911, 1916, kuma kwanan nan a shekarar 1943 a cewar bayanan Dressed to the Nines da National Baseball Hall of Fame ke kula da su. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, 'yan wasan Yankees sun sanya kayan wasan throwback a wasannin guda ɗaya a 1996 da 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;yankees-alt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 April 2012 |title=The curse of the Yankees' 1912 road uniforms |url=http://www.nj.com/yankees/index.ssf/2012/04/yankees-red_sox_the_curse_of_t.html |access-date=2012-08-19 |publisher=Nj.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1995, ƙungiyar Detroit Tigers ta saka rigar ruwan teku ta daban tare da damisa da ta ratsa ta cikin wata farar tsohuwar tsohuwar Turanci mai suna &quot;D&quot; a matsayin tambarin ta. A lokacin, shine kawai wasan da Tigers suka saka riga ta uku. Duk da haka, tun daga shekarar 2026, Tigers ta ƙara riga mai launin ruwan kasa da kuma riga mai launin shuɗi mai launin ruwan kasa. Wannan ya bar Yankees a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya tilo da ba ta da riga ta uku a hukumance.

Riguna na uku sun ci gaba da shahara a wasan baseball a yau, ko dai a matsayin wani tsari na daban ko kuma a matsayin abin da aka fi sani da &quot;Turn Back the Clock Night.&quot; Misali, ƙungiyar Milwaukee Brewers ta sanya nau'ikan kayan wasanta na gida na 1978-1993 a kowace wasan gida na ranar Juma'a. A shekarar 1999, Seattle Mariners ta karbi bakuncin Kansas City Royals don wasan da kungiyoyin biyu suka sanya kayan &quot;na gaba&quot; da aka tsara don wakiltar shekarar 2027 (wanda zai zama kakar wasa ta 50 ta Mariners). Talla ta &quot; Turn Ahead The Clock &quot; ta yi nasara sosai har ƙungiyoyi 20 na MLB suka kwafi ta a shekara mai zuwa, a wannan karon tana wakiltar shekarar 2021 (saboda tallafin kamfanin gidaje na Century 21 ); duk da haka, an yi wa rigunan ba'a sosai kuma ba a sake ganin su ba tun lokacin.

Jakunan Toronto Blue Jays suna canzawa daga rigar gargajiya ta shuɗi da launin toka zuwa rigar ja a kowace Ranar Kanada (1 ga Yuli) don taimakawa wajen bikin ranar ƙasa (kuma tare da ita, hula mai ganyen maple ja a kai, wanda shine alamar ƙasar Kanada). A shekara ta 2007, Jays ta sanar da cewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tallan &quot;Flashback Friday&quot; na ƙungiyar, ƙungiyar za ta yi amfani da kayan wasan kwaikwayo bisa ga kayan wasan da aka yi amfani da su a shekarun 1980 a duk wasannin gida na daren Juma'a, tun daga kakar wasa ta 2008. Domin kammala kwalliyar, Jays sun kuma sanya hula masu launin shuɗi da fari na asali, tare da tambarin gargajiyarsu a gaban kayan aikin da kuma a kan hula. A shekarar 2017, domin murnar cika shekaru 150 da kafa Kanada, 'yan wasan Blue Jays sun sanya riguna ja da hula daban-daban a duk lokacin wasan gida na Lahadi. [1] Tampa Bay Rays sun sanya rigar baƙi daga 1998 zuwa 2000 lokacin da suke ƙungiyar Devil Rays, kuma daga 2005 zuwa 2007 sun sanya rigar kore wacce ake sawa a gida da kuma a waje a wasu wasanni. Lokacin da suka canza sunansu zuwa Rays, sun gabatar da wani nau'in shuɗi mai launin ruwan kasa don wasannin gida da waje don dacewa da kayansu na fari da launin toka. A shekarar 2010 sun ƙara riguna masu launin shuɗi masu haske don a saka su kawai a wasannin gida na Lahadi. Ƙungiyar Cincinnati Reds tana sanya ja a wasannin gida da yawa da rana, kuma Atlanta Braves tana sanya ja a kowace wasan gida da za a yi ranar Lahadi, yayin da ƙungiyar Washington Nationals ke sanya ja a duk wasannin gida na ƙarshen mako, kuma a shekarar 2011 sun yi hakan a yawancin wasannin hanya na ƙarshen mako. Ƙungiyar Pittsburgh Pirates tana sanya jan madauri a kowane wasan gida da aka buga ranar Juma'a a kakar wasa ta 2007, duk da cewa ja ba launin wasa ne na hukuma ba. Tun daga 2009, Boston Red Sox ta sanya riga mai launin ja a wasannin gida na daren Juma'a da kuma riga mai launin shuɗi a wasannin da ba a yi a waje ba na daren Juma'a. Tun daga shekarar 2008, a kowace wasan gida da rana, 'yan wasan Kansas City Royals suna sanya riguna masu launin foda kamar waɗanda suka yi kama da tsoffin rigunan da suka saka a shekarun 1980 (kuma a shekarar 2010 sun gabatar da sabbin hula masu launin foda don a saka su da waɗannan rigunan, kodayake tun daga lokacin sun koma saka hula masu launin shuɗi na yau da kullun). Ƙungiyar San Francisco Giants tana sanya rigunan lemu a duk wasannin gida na ranar Juma'a. Ƙungiyar Philadelphia Phillies ta gabatar da wani nau'in kayan sawa mai launin kirim (tare da hula mai shuɗi don kammala kamannin) a cikin 2008 kuma a halin yanzu suna sanya shi don duk wasannin gida na rana. Kwanan nan Mariners sun sake farfado da rigunan su na launin shuɗi tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990, don amfani da su a wasannin gida na ranar Juma'a. Haka kuma 'yan wasan Seattle Mariners suna da riga mai launin shuɗi mai launin ruwan kasa. A shekarar 2015 sun kuma gabatar da wani nau'in kayan wasansu na gida, ta amfani da tsarin kayan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar na gargajiya mai launin shuɗi da rawaya, wanda za a saka a wasannin gida na Lahadi. Ƙungiyar Baltimore Orioles suna sanya riguna baƙi daban-daban (tare da hula da ke nuna tambarin rubutun &quot;O&quot;) kowace Juma'a, ko suna gida ko kuma ba sa nan (wasannin gida da Red Sox za su tilasta wa 'yan wasan su sanya kayansu na launin toka na yau da kullun maimakon kayansu na ranar Juma'a ta ruwa), kuma a shekarar 2012 sun gabatar da rigar lemu ta daban da za a saka a wasannin Asabar.

A shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar New York Mets ta gabatar da riguna biyu daban-daban masu launin shuɗi; ɗaya tana da sunan ƙungiyarsu (a cikin harafin lemu) kuma ana amfani da ita a gida, yayin da ɗayan kuma tana da sunan birninsu (a cikin harafin toka) kuma ana amfani da ita a kan hanya. Kafin haka, Mets suna sanya riguna baƙi guda biyu iri ɗaya da na yanzu masu launin shuɗi.

Domin girmama sojojin Amurka, a lokacin wasannin gida na ranar Lahadi, San Diego Padres da farko sun sanya riguna na musamman masu launin rufewa (tare da huluna kore don daidaitawa); a shekarar 2011 an canza rigunan rufewa zuwa launin ruwan kasa/launin ruwan kasa mai hular launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Sai kuma a shekarar 2016, Padres ta maye gurbinsu da sabuwar riga mai launin shuɗi mai kama da ta &quot;navy camo&quot; (ta girmama sojojin ruwan Amurka ). Haka kuma, sun fitar da wani sabon salo na rigunan launin ruwan kasa na gargajiya na kamfanin, wadanda aka yi wa kwalliya mai launin ruwan kasa da rawaya (wanda aka fara sawa daga 1969 zuwa 1984) don a sanya su a wasannin gida na ranar Juma'a.

Sabanin haka, 'yan Chicago Cubs kan sanya riga mai launin shuɗi a kan hanya, ba bisa ga ranar mako ba. Ana sanya wannan rigar ne bisa ga shawarar da mai jefa ƙwallon ya yanke (musamman lokacin da aka tsara Carlos Zambrano zai fara), wanda hakan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake saka ta fiye da sauran riguna na uku.

Bayan mutuwar Harmon Killebrew a shekarar 2011, 'yan wasan Minnesota Twins sun yanke shawarar sanya rigarsu ta uku mai launin ruwan kasa - wacce aka yi amfani da ita a mafi yawan shekarun rayuwar Killebrew - a duk wasannin gida na tsawon shekara.

Milwaukee Brewers suna da kayan wasa biyu masu launi iri ɗaya, ɗaya yana ɗauke da sunan ƙungiyar kuma ana amfani da shi a wasannin gida, ɗayan kuma yana ɗauke da sunan birni kuma ana amfani da shi a wasannin waje; ban da madadinsu na yau da kullun, tun daga 2011, Brewers, a lokacin wasannin &quot;Gado&quot;, suna sanya kayan wasa masu ɗauke da &quot; ''Cerveceros'' &quot; (&quot;Brewers&quot; a cikin Sifaniyanci), &quot; ''Bierbrauer'' &quot; (Jamusanci), &quot; ''Birrai'' &quot; (Italiyanci) da &quot; ''Piwowarzy'' &quot; (Yaren mutanen Poland); abokan hamayyarsu a lokacin waɗannan wasannin galibi suna da fassarar sunan ƙungiyarsu ta ƙasashen waje a kan kayan aikinsu na hanya, kamar &quot; ''Piraten'' &quot; (&quot;Pirates&quot; a cikin Jamusanci) ko &quot; ''Cardenales'' &quot; (&quot;Cardinals&quot; a cikin Sifaniyanci).

Kwanan nan, akwai kuma wani yanayi na canza kayan ado masu launin toka. Ƙungiyar San Francisco Giants ta sanya wani nau'in kayan aikinta mai launin toka, wanda ke ɗauke da &quot;SF&quot; mai haɗe-haɗe maimakon sunan birnin gaba ɗaya. Wannan ƙirar ta yi kama da kayan aikin hanya da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da su a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Dodgers da Cubs sun bi sahunsu wajen sanya kayan wasa masu launin toka daban-daban, suna sanya sunan ƙungiyar a gaba (maimakon sunan birni) don maye gurbinsu da launin toka.

Duk ƙungiyoyin MLB guda 30 sun sanya riguna masu launuka na musamman masu launuka daban-daban a ƙarshen mako na 25-27 ga Agusta, 2017, don ƙarshen mako na 'yan wasa . Cardinals da Pirates sun kuma yi amfani da waɗannan rigunan a ranar 20 ga Agusta, lokacin da suka haɗu a Wasan MLB Little League a Williamsport, Pennsylvania ; duka wannan wasan da kuma Wasan 'Yan Wasan Ƙarshe sun yi daidai da Gasar Duniya ta Little League ta 2017 a South Williamsport . Abin lura shi ne, ƙarshen mako na 'yan wasa na 2017 ya kasance karo na farko da 'yan wasan Yankees suka taɓa sanya sunaye a bayan rigunansu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lukas |first=Paul |date=August 9, 2017 |title=It's uniform change for MLB's Players Weekend |url=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/20294267/mlb-get-whole-new-look-teams-take-field-end-august |access-date=August 9, 2017 |website=Uni Watch |publisher=[[ESPN.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga lokacin, ƙarshen mako na 'yan wasa ya zama abin da ake yi kowace shekara, tare da canza riguna iri ɗaya a kowane taron da ke gaba.

Tsarin zuwan kayan sawa iri ɗaya iri ɗaya kuma na iya haifar da gaurayawa a filin wasa: a shekarar 2011, ɗan wasan Brewers Zack Greinke, wanda ya yi kama da mai ban sha'awa, ya saka rigar &quot; ''Bierbrauer'' &quot; ba da gangan ba a daren da ya gabaci Ranar Tarihin Jamus, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joe DiGiovanni |title=Brewers pitcher Zack Greinke pinch-hits while wearing wrong jersey |url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/23180050/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408000730/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/23180050 |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=MLB.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da a shekarar 2014, wasanni uku kacal a kakar wasa ta farko inda aka gabatar da madadin, ɗan wasan tsakiya Junior Lake ya buga wasan farko a cikin rigar &quot; ''Chicago'' &quot; yayin da sauran ƙungiyar suka saka &quot; ''Cubs'' &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-04-03 |title=Chicago Cubs' Junior Lake picks wrong uniform |url=https://www.espn.com/chicago/mlb/story/_/id/10724274/chicago-cubs-junior-lake-picks-wrong-uniform |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=Espn.go.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023, Major League Baseball ta takaita ƙungiyoyi zuwa kayan aiki biyu na daban ban da kayan aiki na gida da na hanya da kuma kayan aikin City Connect; wannan ana kiransa da &quot;dokar 4+1&quot;.  Duk da cewa wasu ƙungiyoyi sun bi ƙa'idar, ciki har da ƙungiyoyi kamar Seattle Mariners da Tampa Bay Rays waɗanda suka maye gurbin kayan aikinsu na titi masu launin toka da riguna masu launi, MLB ta ba San Diego Padres damar ajiye kayan aikinsu na gida guda biyu na ranar Lahadi domin kiyaye al'adarsu ta girmama Sojojin Amurka . Baya ga kayan sawa guda biyu da aka ambata a baya, Padres suna kuma sanya riguna masu launin ruwan kasa tare da wandon yashi a matsayin madadin kayan sawa na hanya.

==== Haɗin Birni ====
A shekarar 2021, Nike da Major League Baseball sun gabatar da jerin wasannin City Connect, inda ƙungiyoyi suka bayyana riguna daban-daban waɗanda ke nuna al'ummarsu. A wani ɓangare na salon da aka saba da shi na saka riguna masu launuka daban-daban kawai yayin da ake haɗa su da wando mai launin toka ko fari, wasu ƙira sun fara haɗa wando masu launuka iri ɗaya don bikin, suna ba da cikakkiyar launi daga kafadu zuwa ƙafafu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Ranking MLB's City Connect uniforms |url=https://www.espn.ph/mlb/story/_/id/31631004/ranking-mlb-city-connect-uniforms |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=Espn.go.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, ƙungiyoyi 28 daga cikin 30 na MLB suna da kayan aikin City Connect. Ƙungiyar [[New York Yankees]] da Oakland Athletics su ne ƙungiyoyi biyu kacal da ba su da kayan aikin City Connect.

* 2021
** Boston Red Sox ; an fara sayar da shi a ranar 17 ga Afrilu
** [[Miami Marlins]] ; an fara fitar da shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu
** Chicago White Sox ; an fara sayar da shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni
** Chicago Cubs ; an fara wasan a ranar 12 ga Yuni
** Arizona Diamondbacks ; an fara fitar da shi a ranar 18 ga Yuni
** San Francisco Giants ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 9 ga Yuli
** Los Angeles Dodgers ; an fara fitar da shi a ranar 20 ga Agusta
* 2022
** Washington Nationals ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 9 ga Afrilu
** Houston Astros ; an fara fitar da shi a ranar 20 ga Afrilu
** Kansas City Royals ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu
** Colorado Rockies ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 4 ga Yuni
** Los Angeles Angels ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni
** Milwaukee Brewers ; an fara sayar da shi a ranar 24 ga Yuni
** San Diego Padres ; aka fara ranar 8 ga Yuli
* 2023
** Atlanta Braves ; an fara wasan a ranar 8 ga Afrilu
** Texas Rangers ; an fara gasar a ranar 21 ga Afrilu
** Seattle Mariners ; an fara wasan a ranar 5 ga Mayu
** Cincinnati Reds ; an fara fitar da shi a ranar 19 ga Mayu
** Baltimore Orioles ; an fara shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu
** Pittsburgh Pirates ; an fara shi a ranar 27 ga Yuni
* 2024
** Philadelphia Phillies ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu
** New York Mets ; an fara nuna shi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu
** Tampa Bay Rays ; an fara shi a ranar 3 ga Mayu
** Detroit Tigers ; an fara fitar da shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu
** Cleveland Guardians ; an fara gabatar da shi a ranar 17 ga Mayu
** An fara gasar St. Louis Cardinals a ranar 25 ga Mayu
** Fim ɗin Toronto Blue Jays ; wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 31 ga Mayu
** Tagwayen Minnesota ; an fara nuna su a ranar 14 ga Yuni
** Los Angeles Dodgers (zane na biyu); an fara shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni
* 2025
** Washington Nationals (ƙira ta biyu); an fara fitar da shi a ranar 29 ga Maris
** Houston Astros (zane na biyu); an fara shi a ranar 31 ga Maris
** San Francisco Giants (ƙirar ta biyu); an fara fitar da shi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu
** Colorado Rockies (zane na biyu); an fara shi a ranar 20 ga Afrilu
** Chicago White Sox (ƙira ta biyu); za a fara nuna shi a ranar 2 ga Mayu
** [[Miami Marlins]] (ƙirar ta biyu); za a fara nuna ta a ranar 3 ga Mayu
** Arizona Diamondbacks (ƙirar ta biyu); za a fara fitar da shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu
** Boston Red Sox (ƙira ta biyu); za a fara nuna shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu

== Kwando ==

=== Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa ===
An fara gabatar da manufar rigar wasa ta uku a gasar NBA lokacin da Atlanta Hawks ke sanya riguna masu launin kore na neon ban da rigunan gida masu launin shuɗi da fari a lokacin kakar wasa 1970–71 da 1971–72 . Duk da haka, sai a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ne rigunan sa na uku suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a duk faɗin gasar.

Kakar wasa 1994–95 ta kawo jerin riguna na uku a gasar NBA, yayin da Hawks, Charlotte Hornets, Detroit Pistons, Orlando Magic, Phoenix Suns da Sacramento Kings suka fitar da sabbin riguna na daban. Wannan salon ya ci gaba a kakar wasa 1995–96 inda Chicago Bulls, Miami Heat, Milwaukee Bucks da New York Knicks suka gabatar da nasu riguna na uku.

Tun daga lokacin, rigunan wasanni na uku sun zama wani ɓangare na tsarin kowace ƙungiyar NBA, amma da farko, ba duk ƙungiyoyi ne suka amince da wannan ra'ayi ba. Misali, 'yan wasan Boston Celtics da Los Angeles Lakers da farko sun ƙi shiga wannan yanayin saboda girmama al'ada, amma daga ƙarshe sun bayyana sabbin 'yan wasa a kakar wasa 2002–03 da 2005–06 bi da bi.

Tsarin riguna na uku ya ƙara ƙarfi ne kawai lokacin da NBA ta sanya hannu kan kwangiloli na musamman tare da Reebok sannan daga baya [[Adidas]] . Musamman yarjejeniyar Adidas, ta ga an gabatar da ƙarin kayan sawa na daban don haɓaka tallace-tallace na riguna; misalai sun haɗa da kayan sawa na Golden State Warriors da kayan sawa na Heat.

Baya ga riguna na uku, akwai kuma riguna masu taken hutu waɗanda ake sawa kawai a lokutan musamman. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rigunan da ake sawa a Ranar Kirsimeti, [[Sabuwar Shekarar Sinawa|Sabuwar Shekarar China]], Mardi Gras (don bikin Pelicans na New Orleans ), da Ranar Saint Patrick .

Sauran kayan sawa na daban a NBA sun haɗa da kayan sawa na &quot;Noche Latina&quot;, kayan sawa na soja, da kayan sawa na &quot;Pride&quot;, waɗanda duk ra'ayoyi ne da Adidas ya gabatar.

An ba wa ƙungiyoyin NBA damar gabatar da sabuwar riga ta uku ne kawai aƙalla shekaru biyu bayan bayyana sabuwar tambari da kayan aiki. An sassauta wannan doka kaɗan, bayan fitowar riguna na uku da Utah Jazz, Brooklyn Nets, New Orleans Pelicans, New York Knicks, Philadelphia 76ers, Phoenix Suns da Charlotte Hornets da Atlanta Hawks suka fitar kwanan nan, inda wasu daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ke fitar da madadinsu a rana ɗaya da saitin gida da waje.

An kuma ba wa ƙungiyoyi damar sanya rigunansu na uku gwargwadon yadda ake so a zagaye uku na farko na gasar NBA Playoffs da kuma gasar NBA Finals . Bisa ga Dokar NBA, babu wata doka a hukumance da ta ce an takaita wa ƙungiyoyi sanya kayan wasa ko kuma fararen kaya a gida a lokacin gasar NBA Finals. Bukatun da aka ambata kawai su ne daga Sashe na VI, c. wanda ya ce, &quot;Ƙungiyar gida za ta sanya riguna masu launin haske, kuma baƙi za su sanya riguna masu duhu sai dai idan an amince da su. Ga wasannin filin wasa na tsaka-tsaki da kuma kanun labarai biyu, ƙungiya ta biyu da aka ambata a jadawalin hukuma za a ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙungiyar gida kuma za ta sanya riguna masu launin haske.&quot; Misalin wannan shine lokacin da Cleveland Cavaliers ta lashe gasar NBA ta 2016 a cikin rigar baƙar fata mai hannu.

An cire wannan doka game da sanya kayan aiki na musamman bayan da Nike ta zama mai samar da kayan aiki na NBA a shekarar 2017. Ta hanyar yin hakan, ƙungiyoyi yanzu suna da 'yancin zaɓar duk kayan da suke so su saka, ko dai rigar farin &quot;Association&quot; ce (wadda a da take da rigar gida ta de facto), rigar duhu ta &quot;Icon&quot; (wadda a da take da rigar de facto away), rigar launi ta &quot;Statement&quot; (wadda a da take da rigar de facto ta uku) da kuma rigar &quot;City&quot; ta shekara-shekara (a cikin 2019 da 2021). Galibi ana canza rigunan &quot;Bayani&quot; bayan zagaye na shekaru uku, ko ta hanyar ƙaramin sauyi ko babban gyara. Kamar yadda yake a kwangilar kayan wasan Nike daga baya da Major League Baseball, kwangilarta da NBA ta takaita ƙungiyoyi ne kawai zuwa kayan wasan &quot;core&quot; guda uku tare da rigar &quot;City&quot; ta shekara-shekara da kuma rigar &quot;Classic&quot; ta lokaci-lokaci, wanda ya haifar da ɓacewar kayan wasan hutu na ɗan lokaci da kuma kayan wasan Pride na zamanin Adidas.

==Kwallon ƙafa ta Kanada==
[[File:Geroy Simon 2011.jpg|thumb|170px|Geroy Simon sanye da rigar baƙar fata ta uku ta BC Lions a 2011.]]
Canadian Football League ta fara amfani da rigar uku ta dindindin a ranar 6 ga Satumba 1994, lokacin da Calgary Stampeders suka sanya rigunan baƙaƙe a wasan Labour Day Classic da Edmonton Eskimos.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whatever&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Whatever it Takes|url=http://www2.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ca7b5f5a-5782-40ed-b130-7f1690ebc926|access-date=16 Dec 2014|newspaper=Calgary Herald|date=31 Aug 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218042921/http://www2.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/story.html?id=ca7b5f5a-5782-40ed-b130-7f1690ebc926|archive-date=18 December 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; CFL ba ta da wata doka da ke takaita amfani da rigunan canji, kuma ƙungiyoyi suna iya sanya su sau da yawa ko kaɗan yadda suke so; wannan doka har yanzu tana aiki. Ƙungiyoyi kuma suna iya amfani da rigunan canji fiye da ɗaya a kakar wasa guda, kamar yadda Montreal Alouettes suka yi a kamfen ɗinsu na 2009, lokacin da suka sanya rigunan canji baƙaƙe, shuɗaɗɗu da kuma rigunan tarihi, baya ga rigunansu na gida da na waje. Ƙungiyoyi kuma an ba su damar sanya rigar uku a matsayin ƙungiyar baƙi, muddin ba ta yi kama da rigar ƙungiyar mai masaukin ba. Duk da cewa babu takura ga ƙungiyoyi wajen amfani da rigar uku, Stampeders ne kaɗai suka zaɓi amfani da su a cikin shekarun 1990, watakila saboda matsalolin kuɗi da gasar ta fuskanta a wannan shekaru goma.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/story.html?id=563856 |title=CFL ends working agreement with NFL |work=National Post |location=Canada |date=November 25, 2007 |access-date=Dec 16, 2014}}{{dead link|date=October 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka, babu wata ƙungiyar Canadian Football League in the United States da ta taɓa sanya rigar canji. Alouettes ita ce ƙungiya ta gaba da ta fara amfani da rigar uku a 2001, lokacin da ita ma ta sanya rigunan baƙaƙe; launin da ba ya cikin tsarin launukan ƙungiyar. Saskatchewan Roughriders ta fara sanya rigunanta na baƙaƙe a 2002, yayin da amfani da irin waɗannan riguna ya fara zama ruwan dare. BC Lions ta sanya rigunan tarihi masu launin orange sau biyu a kakar 2003 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin kakarta ta 50, amma an sanya su ne kawai a wannan kakar.

A kakar CFL ta 2005, Reebok ta sake tsara manyan rigunan gida da na waje na dukkan ƙungiyoyi tara, sannan ta kuma gabatar da sabbin rigunan canji ga ƙungiyoyi shida, yayin da Hamilton Tiger-Cats da Toronto Argonauts suka ƙi shiga, sannan Saskatchewan Roughriders ta ci gaba da amfani da rigunan canjinta da take amfani da su tun 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=3156318 |title=CFL and Reebok unveil new game jerseys |website=Oursportscentral.com\accessdate=2017-01-14|date=3 May 2005 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Calgary ta gabatar da nau'i na uku na rigunan baƙaƙenta, yayin da Alouettes ta sanya rigar shuɗi mai lambobin ja.&lt;ref name=&quot;2005 Stampeders&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.stampeders.com/2005/09/02/stamps-unveil-third-jersey/ |title=STAMPS UNVEIL THIRD JERSEY - Calgary Stampeders |website=Stampeders.com |date=2005-09-02 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; BC Lions, wadda a wannan lokacin ta mayar da orange zuwa babban launin rigarta, ta sanya rigunan canji baƙaƙe; Edmonton Eskimos da Winnipeg Blue Bombers suka sanya nau'ikan rigunan canji masu launin zinariya; yayin da Ottawa Renegades ta sanya rigunan canji ja.

A shekarar 2006, Tiger-Cats ta gabatar da rigunan canji masu launin zinariya a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2006, a wasan da ta yi da Argonauts.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfl.ca&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2006/08/13/tiger_cats_third_jerseys_up_for_grabs/ |title=Tiger-Cats third jerseys up for grabs |website=CFL.ca |date=2006-08-13 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kakar kuma ta ga karo na farko da ƙungiyoyi biyu suka sanya rigunan canji a wasa guda, lokacin da Alouettes ta dawo da rigunanta baƙaƙe a wasan gida da Eskimos, waɗanda suka sanya rigunansu na zinariya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golden moment for Goldie&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2006/10/22/golden_moment_for_goldie/ |title=Golden moment for Goldie |website=CFL.ca |date=2006-10-22 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Winnipeg Blue Bombers ita ma ta sanya rigunan canjinta na zinariya a matsayin ƙungiyar baƙi a wasan playoff da Toronto Argonauts mai masaukin baki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2006/11/05/argos_win_scotiabank_east_semi_final/|title=Argos win Scotiabank East Semi-Final|date=5 November 2006|website=Cfl.ca|access-date=14 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Toronto Argonauts ita ce ƙungiyar CFL ta ƙarshe da ta sanya rigar uku, lokacin da ta sanya rigunan Cambridge blue na canji a ranar 26 ga Yuli 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;argonauts.ca&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.argonauts.ca/page/uniforms-and-logos|title=Uniforms and Logos - Toronto Argonauts|website=Argonauts.ca|access-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208004648/http://argonauts.ca/page/uniforms-and-logos|archive-date=8 February 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2007/07/26/alouettes_26__argonauts_13/|title=Alouettes 26, Argonauts 13|date=26 July 2007|website=Cfl.ca|access-date=14 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar ta amince da tarihin ƙungiyoyinta ta hanyar sanya ƙungiyoyin membobi rigunan tarihi tun daga kakar CFL ta 2008, inda Toronto Argonauts da Winnipeg Blue Bombers suka sanya rigunan irin na shekarun 1950 a wasanni biyu da suka fafata da juna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2008/08/26/celebrating-our-legacy-the-cfl-goes-retro/ |title=Celebrating Our Legacy: The CFL goes &quot;Retro&quot; |website=CFL.ca |date=2008-08-26 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan CFL ta sa dukkan ƙungiyoyi takwas da suke a lokacin su sanya rigunan da aka tsara bisa salon shekarun 1960 a kakar 2009, sannan rigunan salon shekarun 1970 a kakar 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Dan Goodspeed |url=https://www.cfl.ca/2008/09/11/retro-a-tribute-to-the-past/ |title=Retro: A tribute to the past |website=CFL.ca |date=2008-09-11 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan sun bambanta da rigunan uku na musamman, domin yawancinsu an yi amfani da su ne na kakar guda kawai, sai dai farar rigar tarihi ta Saskatchewan Roughriders da rigar tarihi shuɗi mai duhu ta Winnipeg Blue Bombers, waɗanda aka sake amfani da su a kakoki na gaba. An sanya waɗannan rigunan tarihi ne domin shirye-shiryen bikin Grey Cup na 100.

Bayan shirin rigunan tarihi na gasar, gasar ta mayar da hankali kan sabunta kamannin dukkan ƙungiyoyi tara, ciki har da sabuwar ƙungiyar Ottawa Redblacks, ta hanyar gabatar da rigunan Signature, galibi a kakar 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;Signature&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cfl.ca/signaturelook |title=CFL Signature Uniforms by Reebok &amp;#124; CFL.ca &amp;#124; Official Site of the Canadian Football League |website=cfl.ca |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816204731/http://cfl.ca/signaturelook |archive-date=16 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lions ta fara sanya rigunan Signature a 2013 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin kakarta ta 60, sannan sauran ƙungiyoyi takwas suka bi sahu a kakar da ta biyo baya. Kowace ƙungiya ta sanya rigunan sau biyu, sai Ottawa wadda ta sanya su sau uku da Winnipeg wadda ta sanya su sau ɗaya. A 2015, Winnipeg ta daina amfani da rigunan gaba ɗaya, haka kuma BC Lions, duk da shahararsu a British Columbia. Sauran ƙungiyoyi sun sanya nasu sau biyu a 2015, sai Hamilton wadda ta sanya nata sau ɗaya a Labour Day.

Tare da sake fasalin rigunan gasar gaba ɗaya da Adidas ta yi a 2016, Calgary, Edmonton da Montreal kowannensu ya ci gaba da amfani da rigunan Signature, kuma kowannensu ya sanya su sau biyu a lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullum; Calgary kuma ta sanya nata a wasan West Final. Saskatchewan ita ma ta sanya wani salo da aka gyara na rigunanta masu taken tarihi a wasanni biyu a wannan shekarar. Lokacin da New Era ta zama mai kera kayan gasar a 2019, Calgary, Edmonton da Saskatchewan ne kawai suka sanya rigunan uku, kuma dukkan ukun sun kasance daga rigunan da aka yi amfani da su a shekaru ukun da suka gabata.&lt;ref name=&quot;New Era&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Era: Global licensee becomes Official Outfitter of CFL|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2018/09/12/new-era-global-licensee-becomes-official-outfitter-cfl/|date=September 12, 2018|publisher=Canadian Football League}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ottawa ta gabatar da sabbin rigunan canji a 2021, sannan ƙungiyoyi huɗu suka sanya sabbin rigunan canji a 2022.

Tun daga 2018, an ba ƙungiyoyi damar sanya rigunan uku a wasannin playoff, amma ba a wasan Grey Cup ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://calgarysun.com/sports/football/cfl/calgary-stampeders/stampeders-to-wear-traditional-red-jerseys-for-grey-cup-game|title=Stampeders to wear traditional red jerseys for Grey Cup game|author=Todd Saelhof|work=Calgary Sun|date=November 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saskatchewan Roughriders ta 2010 ita ce ƙungiya ta ƙarshe da ta sanya rigar canji a wasan neman kambun gasar.

Jerin da ke ƙasa yana ƙunshe da dukkan sanannun rigunan canji da ƙungiyoyin membobin gasar suka sanya har zuwa kakar CFL ta 2024, kuma bai haɗa da rigunan tarihi da aka sanya sau ɗaya kawai ba:

* BC Lions – Ta gabatar da baƙar rigar canji a 2005, wadda aka gina bisa salon rigar shekarun 1960, kuma da farko ana sanya ta da hular fari. Daga 2006 zuwa 2008, an maye gurbin hular da orange tare da rigar baƙaƙe, ciki har da wasan West Final na 2006 da nasarar Grey Cup ta 94. A kakar 2009 da 2010, an sanya rigunan tare da baƙaƙen hulunan tarihi. An daina amfani da rigunan a 2011, lokacin da ƙungiyar ta koma sanya hulunan fari a wasan ƙarshe da aka buga a Empire Field. Ta gabatar da rigunan gunmetal, waɗanda aka fara sawa a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2013, kuma aka sanya su sau biyu a kakar 2013 da 2014, ciki har da wasan waje a Toronto a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/black-is-the-new-orange-for-b-c-lions-uniforms-1.1385216 |title=Black is the new orange for B.C. Lions' uniforms - British Columbia - CBC News |website=Cbc.ca |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lions ba ta sake sanya rigar uku ba har zuwa 15 ga Oktoba 2022, lokacin da ƙungiyar ta sanya wani sabon salo na rigunan gunmetal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bclions.com/2022/10/14/the-gun-metals-are-back/ |title=The gun metals return Saturday! |publisher=BC Lions |date=October 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ta kuma sanya waɗannan rigunan a wasan playoff na 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bclions.com/2022/11/06/bakes-game-takes-bc-cgy-2/ |title=Bakes' game takes {{!}} BC 30 CGY 16 (WSF) |publisher=BC Lions |date=November 6, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lions ta sanya sabon tsarin riguna a 2023, amma ba ta sanya rigar uku a wannan shekarar ba. A 2024, Lions ta gabatar da sabon salo na uku na rigunan gunmetal tare da sabbin tambura, waɗanda aka sanya sau biyu a kakar wasa ta yau da kullum da kuma sau biyu a 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.sportslogos.net/2024/09/13/cfls-bc-lions-bring-back-gunmetal-uniforms-introduce-new-alt-logo/football/ |title=CFL's BC Lions Bring Back Gunmetal Uniforms, introduce new alt logo |publisher=SportsLogos.net |date=September 13, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Bo Levi Mitchell.JPG|thumb|170px|Bo Levi Mitchell sanye da baƙar rigar Calgary Stampeders a 2014.]]
* Calgary Stampeders – Ita ce ƙungiya ta farko da ta sanya rigar uku, lokacin da ta gabatar da rigunan canji baƙaƙe masu lambobin ja a 1994, a ranar 6 ga Satumba a wasan da ta yi da Edmonton. Ita ce ƙungiya ta farko da ta sanya rigar canji a wasan playoff da kuma ta farko da ta sanya rigar canji a wasan Grey Cup, wanda ta yi a Grey Cup na 86 a 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whatever&quot;/&gt; An daina amfani da waɗannan rigunan baƙaƙe bayan nasarar Grey Cup, sannan aka gabatar da sabbin rigunan canji baƙaƙe masu lambobin fari a 1999, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su har zuwa 2004. An fara sanya baƙin wando tare da baƙar rigar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2002 a gida da Winnipeg Blue Bombers.&lt;ref name=&quot;2005 Stampeders&quot;/&gt; An sanya nau'i na uku na rigunan baƙaƙe a Labour Day na 2005, kuma an yi amfani da su na ƙarshe a ranar 2 ga Satumba 2013. 2011 ita ce shekarar farko da Stampeders ta sanya baƙaƙen huluna tare da baƙaƙen riguna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2011/09/05/green-and-gold-standard-esks-down-stamps/ |title=Green and Gold standard: Esks down Stamps |website=CFL.ca |date=2011-09-05 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara amfani da rigunan Signature series a Labour Day na kakar 2014, sannan aka sake amfani da su daga 2015 zuwa 2021. An kuma sanya su a wasannin playoff na gida daga 2015 zuwa 2018. Ƙungiyar ta gabatar da sabbin rigunan baƙaƙe a 2022, waɗanda aka fara sanya su a wasan Labour Day na wannan shekarar sannan aka sake sanya su a wasan gida na ƙarshe na 2022; an maimaita hakan a 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2022/08/29/back-in-black-stamps-reveal-new-uniforms-ahead-of-labour-day/ |title=Back in Black: Stamps reveal new uniforms ahead of Labour Day |publisher=Canadian Football League |date=August 29, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sanya waɗannan baƙaƙen riguna sau biyu a 2024 da sau ɗaya a 2025. Tun 1994, Stampeders ta sanya baƙaƙen riguna a Labour Day sau 21.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Football/CFL/Calgary/2012/09/02/20162596.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018184810/http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Football/CFL/Calgary/2012/09/02/20162596.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |title=Stampeders excel as men in black |website=canoe.com |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.stampeders.com/attack-in-black/ |title=Attack in black |publisher=Calgary Stampeders |access-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112142535/https://www.stampeders.com/attack-in-black/ |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Edmonton Elks – Ta fara sanya rigar canji ta zinariya a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2005, a wasan da ta yi da Calgary Stampeders.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Football/CFL/Edmonton/2005/09/10/1210963-sun.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018184810/http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Football/CFL/Edmonton/2005/09/10/1210963-sun.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |title=Jersey to be a golden success? |website=canoe.com |date=2005-09-10 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sanya rigunan zinariya a wasan da ta yi da Alouettes a 2006 a matsayin ƙungiyar baƙi, yayin da Alouettes ita ma ta sanya rigar canji.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golden moment for Goldie&quot;/&gt; Ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da waɗannan riguna na ƙarshe a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2007, kuma a wannan karon ma a wasan da ta yi da Stampeders.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2007/09/08/stampeders_20__eskimos_17/ |title=Stampeders 20, Eskimos 17 |website=CFL.ca |date=2007-09-08 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ta da rigar uku bayan an daina amfani da rigar zinariya har zuwa kakar 2014, lokacin da ta sanya rigunan Signature series masu launin kore tare da tambarin &quot;EE&quot; na zinariya. Ana amfani da wannan rigar aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowace kakar har zuwa lokacin da aka sake tsara rigunan a 2022, inda ba a sanya rigar canji a wannan shekarar ba. A 2024, Elks ta gabatar da rigunan canji kore masu lambobin kore, waɗanda aka sanya tare da hulunan zinariya da wando kore sau uku a wannan shekarar, sannan sau uku a 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://press.goelks.com/elks-honour-past-look-ahead-with-new-third-jersey |title=Elks honour past, look ahead with new third jersey |publisher=Edmonton Elks |date=June 5, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Hamilton Tiger-Cats – Ta gabatar da rigar canji ta zinariya a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2006 a wasan da ta yi da Toronto Argonauts.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfl.ca&quot;/&gt; A koyaushe ana haɗa waɗannan riguna da baƙaƙen huluna da baƙin wando. An sanya su sau uku a kakar 2007 da 2008, sannan aka sanya su na ƙarshe a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2009, kuma sau ɗaya kawai a kakar 2009, saboda ƙungiyar ta sanya rigunan tarihi a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2009/10/31/cats-blow-out-riders-playoffs-in-sight/ |title=Cats blow out Riders; Playoffs in sight |website=CFL.ca |date=2009-10-31 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ba ta da wata rigar canji har sai da aka gabatar da rigar Signature series mai launin toka a 2014. An sanya rigar toka sau uku tsakanin 2014 da 2015, kuma ba a sanya wata rigar canji daga 2016 zuwa 2021 ba. Ƙungiyar ta gabatar da sabbin rigunan steel grey a 2022, waɗanda aka sanya sau biyu a wannan shekarar da kuma sau biyu a 2023, 2024 da 2025, ciki har da sau ɗaya a matsayin ƙungiyar baƙi a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ticats.ca/article/tiger-cats-announce-alternate-made-in-the-hammer-brand |title=Tiger-Cats announce alternate &quot;Made in the hammer&quot; brand |publisher=Hamilton Tiger-Cats |date=June 9, 2022 |access-date=September 30, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112142535/https://ticats.ca/article/tiger-cats-announce-alternate-made-in-the-hammer-brand |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:2023, 07, Cody Fajardo (2).jpg|thumb|170px|Cody Fajardo sanye da jajayen rigar uku ta Montreal Alouettes a 2023.]]
* Montreal Alouettes – Ta fara sanya rigar gaba ɗaya baƙa a 2001, kuma ta ci gaba da amfani da ita har zuwa 2004, sannan ta sake sanya ta sau biyu a 2006. Ta gabatar da rigar canji shuɗi mai lambobin ja a 2005, kuma ta sanya waɗannan riguna a Grey Cup na 93. An sake amfani da rigunan shuɗi a 2006, 2009 da 2010. Ƙungiyar ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar baƙa a 2007, wannan karon da lambobin toka maimakon shuɗi, kuma ta sanya wannan rigar sau biyar a kakar wasa ta yau da kullum yayin da ta sanya babbar rigar gida sau huɗu. An ci gaba da amfani da wannan rigar har zuwa kakar 2010, sannan aka sake dawo da ita sau ɗaya a kakar 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://en.montrealalouettes.com/page/all-time-uniforms |title=The Alouettes' uniforms - Montreal Alouettes |website=En.montrealalouettes.com |access-date=2017-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029034727/http://en.montrealalouettes.com/page/all-time-uniforms |archive-date=2015-10-29 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ta sanya rigunan Signature series masu launin toka mai duhu da shuɗi a kakar 2014, kuma ta sanya su sau biyu a kowace kakar da ta biyo baya har zuwa 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt; An sanya rigunan sau ɗaya kacal a 2017 da 2018, sannan lokacin da Alouettes ta sake tsara kamanninta a 2019, ƙungiyar ba ta sanya rigar uku ba. Alouettes ta shirya gabatar da rigar uku da magoya baya suka tsara a kakar 2021 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru 75 da kafuwarta, amma hakan bai faru ba bayan soke kakar CFL ta 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.montrealalouettes.com/2019/09/25/jersey2021-contest/|title=Want to design a jersey for the Alouettes?|publisher=Canadian Football League|date=September 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-01-10 |title=The Best Way to Design Your Third Jersey |url=https://www.customizedguys.com/the-best-way-to-design-your-third-jersey/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=www.customizedguys.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maimakon haka, an bayyana wannan rigar a 2023, kuma an sanya ta sau uku a lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullum da kuma sau ɗaya a bayan kakar, ciki har da sau biyu a wasannin waje, amma sau ɗaya kacal a 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|user=MTLAlouettes |title=Congratulations to Philippe Buithieu-Martel, who won our jersey design content back in 2019! He created the new alternate jersey that we wore last week! |number=1676944924120317953 |date=July 6, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ba ta sanya rigar uku ba a kakar 2025.

* Ottawa Rough Riders – Ba su taɓa sanya rigar uku ba.

* Ottawa Renegades – Sun gabatar da jan rigar canji da ake sanyawa da fararen wando a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2005, a wasan da suka kara da Montreal Alouettes. An sanya rigar sau huɗu a kakar 2005, ciki har da wasan da suka sanya rigar da baƙaƙen wando a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2005, a wasan da suka kara da Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

* Ottawa Redblacks – A matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Signature, Redblacks sun sanya rigunan ja da zane-zanen plaid sau uku a kakar 2014, ciki har da wasan waje a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba da Toronto Argonauts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt; Sun sake sanya su sau biyu a 2015. Ƙungiyar ba ta sake sanya rigunan canji ba sai a 2021, lokacin da ta gabatar da sabbin rigunan canji masu ja, waɗanda aka sanya sau uku a kakar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2021/07/31/redblacks-unveil-new-jerseys/ |title=New jersey, who dis?: Redblacks unveil new threads |publisher=Canadian Football League |date=July 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sanya rigunan ja sau biyu a kakar 2022, sannan sau uku a 2023, 2024 da 2025.

* Saskatchewan Roughriders – Sun fara sanya baƙar riga mai lambobi kore a kakar 2002. Ana sanya rigar koyaushe da baƙaƙen wando, kuma an yi amfani da ita a ƙarshe a 2006. Ƙungiyar ta gabatar da rigunan canji masu launin kore na salon tarihi, waɗanda ake sanyawa da wando na azurfa, a 2007, bisa tsarin rigunan da aka fara sanyawa a 1967. Daga 2010 zuwa 2012, ana sanya waɗannan riguna da fararen wando. Haka kuma a 2010, an gabatar da fararen nau'ikan waɗannan rigunan na tarihi, amma sabanin yawancin ƙungiyoyin CFL, Roughriders sun ci gaba da sanya su har zuwa kakar 2012 a wasu wasannin waje. A 2013, an sanya koren rigar tarihi da koren wando. A 2014, ƙungiyar ta sake fasalin koren rigar tarihi, a wannan karon ta fi kama da rigunan farkon shekarun 1980. Haka kuma a 2014, ƙungiyar ta sanya rigunan jerin Signature sau biyu, tare da sanya &quot;blitz green&quot; a karon farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt; An sanya rigar tarihi da kuma rigunan jerin Signature sau biyu a 2015. Ƙungiyar ta gabatar da wani sabon salo na rigar tarihi a 2016, wanda ba shi da lambobin kafada, kuma an sanya ta aƙalla sau biyu a kowace kaka tun daga lokacin, ban da 2021 da 2022 lokacin da aka sanya ta ne kawai a wasan Labour Day Classic. Baya ga rigunan tarihi, Roughriders sun gabatar da rigunan canji masu launin obsidian a 2024, waɗanda suke da duhun kore daga hula zuwa safa, kuma an sanya su sau uku, ciki har da wasan playoff na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riderville.com/2024/05/30/rider-nation-alt-jerseys-this-is-a-10-out-of-10/ |title=Rider Nation alt jerseys: &quot;This is a 10 out of 10&quot; |publisher=Saskatchewan Roughriders |date=May 30, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; A 2025, Roughriders sun sanya rigunansu na tarihi a Labour Day Classic da West Final, sannan suka sanya rigunan obsidian a wasu wasannin gasar na yau da kullum guda biyu.

* Toronto Argonauts – Su ne ƙungiya ta ƙarshe da ta gabatar da rigar canji da ake maimaitawa, wanda suka yi a 2007 a ranar 26 ga Yuli a wasan da suka kara da Montreal Alouettes. Rigar tana da launin Cambridge blue, tare da wandon Oxford blue, kuma an sanya ta sau ɗaya a 2007, 2008 da 2009. Tare da rigunan tarihi da aka gabatar a 2009, ƙungiyar ta kuma haɗa wandon Cambridge blue na tarihi da rigar canjin, wanda ya samar da cikakken kamanni na Cambridge blue, kuma ƙungiyar ta sanya wannan sau biyu a wannan shekarar. Ƙungiyar ta sanya rigar Oxford blue ta tarihi a 2010, wadda ta sake dawowa a 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;argonauts.ca&quot;/&gt; Ƙungiyar ta zama ta farko a CFL da ta sanya farar rigar canji wadda ba ta dogara da rigar tarihi ba, lokacin da ta sanya rigunan jerin Signature a 2014. An sanya wannan riga sau ɗaya a gida da sau ɗaya a waje a 2014 da 2015. Ba a sake sanya wata rigar canji ba tun daga 2016.

* Winnipeg Blue Bombers – Sun sanya rigunan canji masu launin zinariya a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru 75 da kafuwar ƙungiyar a 2005. Ana sanya rigunan da fararen wando ko shuɗayen wando, kuma an ci gaba da sanya su a kowace kaka har zuwa 2010. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kakar uku da Blue Bombers suka samu damar shiga playoff, an sanya rigunan zinariya a kowane wasa, na gida da na waje, da kuma a wasan 95th Grey Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfl.ca/2006/12/23/catch_was_memorable/ |title=Catch was memorable |website=CFL.ca |date=2006-12-23 |access-date=2017-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haka kuma a 2010, ƙungiyar ta sanya rigunan tarihi masu launin royal blue na salon shekarun 1970, waɗanda daga baya aka ɗauke su a matsayin rigunan canji na 2011 da 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bluebombers.com/2010/08/11/1970-s-retro-jerseys/|title=1970's Retro Jerseys|date=11 August 2010|website=Bluebombers.com|access-date=14 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gabatar da wani sabon salo na rigar royal blue ta salon shekarun 1980 a 2013, kuma an sake sanya ta a 2014. Blue Bombers sun sanya rigunansu na jerin Signature na 2014 sau ɗaya kawai, yayin da sauran ƙungiyoyi suka sanya nasu aƙalla sau biyu, mai yiwuwa saboda rashin karɓuwa daga magoya baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/blue-bombers-cfl-miss-mark-with-new-jerseys-designer-1.2744394|title=Watermelon warriors vs. 'tame and childish,' designer pans CFL jerseys|website=Cbc.ca|access-date=14 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ba ta sake sanya rigar canji ba sai a 2022, lokacin da ta gabatar da riguna masu shuɗi gaba ɗaya, tare da farar harafin &quot;W&quot; a gaba.&lt;ref name=2022Bombers&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bluebombers.com/2022/04/28/bombers-unveil-new-alternate-uniforms-for-2022/ |title=Bombers unveil new alternate uniforms for 2022 |publisher=Winnipeg Blue Bombers |date=April 28, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sanya waɗannan riguna sau biyu a 2022 da 2023, ciki har da Banjo Bowl a duka shekarun, amma sau ɗaya kawai a 2024 da 2025.&lt;ref name=2022Bombers/&gt;

==Kwallon ƙanƙara==

===National Hockey League===
[[File:Patrice Bergeron 2011.jpg|thumb|170px|Patrice Bergeron cikin baƙar rigar uku ta Bruins a 2011, inda aka musanya wuraren tambarin &quot;spoked-B&quot; da tambarin garkuwa]]
A cikin National Hockey League, kowace ƙungiya tana da nata tsarin riga na musamman (a al'adar wasan ƙwallon ƙanƙara, ana kiran rigunan 'sweaters', saboda a zahiri 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙanƙara suna sanya irin waɗannan riguna a filin wasa har zuwa shekarun 1960). Kafin 1995 (ban da wasu ƴan lokuta na musamman), kowace ƙungiya tana da riguna biyu kawai – ɗaya don wasannin gida, ɗaya kuma don wasannin waje. Ɗaya daga cikin rigunan galibi fari ne (ko kuma wani lokaci mai launi mai haske), ɗayan kuma galibi mai duhun launi ne. Ƙungiyar gida ce ke da zaɓin farko na riguna daga kakar 1917–18 zuwa 1969–70 (farar ko rawayar riga ce galibi ake amfani da ita a matsayin rigar waje, yayin da rigar duhu ce ake amfani da ita a gida). A kakar 1970–71, NHL ta buƙaci ƙungiyoyi su sanya farar (ko rawaya) riga a gida, sannan rigar duhu a waje; wannan doka ta ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2002–03. Lokacin da aka gabatar da Shirin Rigar Uku a kakar 1995–96, wasu ƙungiyoyi sun sanya rigar uku a gida, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta zai tilasta wa abokan hamayya ɗaukar nau'ikan kayan aiki da riguna biyu yayin wasannin waje. An kawo ƙarshen wannan matsalar daga kakar 2003–04, lokacin da sabbin dokoki suka buƙaci a sanya rigar duhu a gida da farar riga a waje, yayin da yanzu ake ɗaukar rawaya a matsayin launi mai duhu.

Ƙungiyar NHL ta farko da ta yi amfani da tsarin riguna uku ita ce Boston Bruins. Daga 1955 zuwa 1967, Bruins tana da rigar gida mai launin zinariya da farar rigar waje, sannan a wasu daga cikin waɗannan shekarun tana da baƙar rigar uku. Daga baya Pittsburgh Penguins ta gabatar da rigar uku mai launin zinariya a 1981, wadda ake sanyawa lokaci-lokaci a gida tsawon kaka biyu a wasannin Lahadi, sannan aka sanya ta ne kawai a gida a kakar 1983–84 kafin a daina amfani da ita. A matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru 75 na NHL a kakar 1991–92, ƙungiyoyin Original Six sun sanya rigunan tarihi a wasu zaɓaɓɓun wasanni, bisa tsarin rigunan da ƙungiyoyin suka taɓa sanyawa a cikin shekaru 50 na farko na gasar. Chicago Blackhawks da Detroit Red Wings sun sake sanya rigunansu na tarihi a wani wasa a Chicago Stadium a kakar 1993–94.

Shirin rigar uku na 1995–96 ya ba CCM damar ƙara gwada amfani da fasahar dye-sublimation wajen buga zane a kan riguna. CCM ta gabatar da wannan fasaha a NHL a rigunan Wasan All-Star na 1994 da kuma sabbin rigunan Calgary Flames da aka gabatar a kakar 1994–95. Wannan fasahar tana ba da damar yin ƙarin rikitattun zane-zanen layuka da hotuna fiye da abin da hanyoyin gargajiya na kera riguna suke iya samarwa. Ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga shirin a kakar 1995–96 sun karɓi manufar, kodayake sakamakon ya bambanta. Rigar zinariya ta Bruins, wadda take da kan beyar mai launin ruwan kasa a gaba da kuma layuka masu kaifi, ta ci gaba da amfani har zuwa kakar 2005–06, yayin da rigar uku ta Penguins, wadda take da layuka masu gradient da suka dace da tambarinta a lokacin, ta maye gurbin rigar waje a 1997. Rigar Vancouver Canucks mai ja da baƙi, wadda take da layuka masu gradient kuma tana ɗauke da ɗan tunani kan fitattun rigunansu na &quot;Flying V&quot; daga 1978 zuwa 1985, an daina amfani da ita a 1997 lokacin da ƙungiyar ta sauya launuka da tambarinta gaba ɗaya. Rigunan Mighty Ducks of Anaheim da Los Angeles Kings sun yi amfani da su na kaka ɗaya kawai. Saboda rashin karɓuwa da wasu daga cikin waɗannan zane-zane, ƙungiyoyi kaɗan ne suka ci gaba da amfani da fasahar sublimation a kakar da suka biyo baya, yayin da sabbin rigunan uku suka fi karkata wajen sake tsara launukan wata riga da ake da ita, ko kuma amfani da wasu hanyoyin kera riguna don ƙirƙirar sabbin zane.

Da zuwan wasan waje na 2003 Heritage Classic, NHL ta gabatar da Shirin Rigar Vintage, wanda ya ba wasu zaɓaɓɓun ƙungiyoyi damar sanya rigunan tarihi a wasu iyakantattun wasanni, baya ga rigunansu na yau da kullum. An sanya wa waɗannan riguna tambarin V na musamman. Ƙungiyoyi bakwai ne suka shiga shirin, kuma sun haɗa da nau'ikan rigunan gida da na waje na tsoffin zane-zane. A sakamakon haka, Bruins, Kings, Canucks da New York Rangers kowannensu ya samu riguna biyar a tsarin rigunansa a wannan kakar, abin da bai taɓa faruwa ba. An dakatar da shirin saboda NHL lockout na 2004–05, kodayake Vancouver Canucks da Montreal Canadiens sun sanya rigunansu na vintage a wasu ƴan wasanni a kakar 2005–06, sannan Canucks da Bruins suka sanya tsoffin rigunansu masu duhu a matsayin rigunan uku (maimakon rigunan uku na sublimation) a kakar 2006–07. Daga baya tsoffin rigunan Canucks da Bruins sun zama tushen wahayi ga sabon tsarin rigunan RBK Edge na 2007.

Bayan dakatarwar shekara ɗaya ga dukkan rigunan uku (ban da wasan 2008 NHL Winter Classic, inda Pittsburgh Penguins da Buffalo Sabres suka sanya rigunan tarihi), a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauyin NHL zuwa tsarin rigunan Edge, an dawo da shirin riguna uku gaba ɗaya a kakar 2008–09. Wasannin Winter Classic da Heritage Classic sun zama wuraren nuna tsoffin riguna da sabbin riguna masu salo irin na tarihi, yayin da NHL Stadium Series ta zama wurin nuna ƙarin sabbin zane-zanen riguna. Gabaɗaya, rigunan uku sun fara karkata zuwa salon gargajiya da zane-zanen tarihi, musamman ga ƙungiyoyin da suka samu salo na zamani yayin sake fasalin Edge. Wani sabon salo shi ne ƙungiyoyi su yi amfani da launin kirim mai ɗan kashe fari, wanda wani lokaci ake kira &quot;vintage white&quot; ko &quot;antique white&quot;, maimakon farin gaske a rigunansu na uku ko na Classic, domin kwaikwayon yanayin tsohuwar riga da ta canza launi saboda shekaru. Wannan salo ya ƙara shahara bayan Minnesota Wild ta fara amfani da &quot;Minnesota wheat&quot;, wani launin ƙungiyar na hukuma mai kama da tsohon kirim, maimakon farin launi a gefen rigunansu masu duhu.

Detroit Red Wings ita ce ƙungiya ta ƙarshe a NHL da ta gabatar da rigar canji. Ta ƙara rigar canji domin bikin kakarta ta 100 a kakar 2025–26. Montreal Canadiens ta yi kaka ɗaya kawai da rigar canji ta hukuma; a kakar 2006–07 ta yi amfani da tsoffin fararen rigunanta na 1944–47.

Kafin 2021, New Jersey Devils ta guji tsarin rigar uku a ƙarƙashin babban manajan Lou Lamoriello. Maimakon haka, tun daga kakar 2009–10, tana sanya riguna na musamman sau ɗaya waɗanda suke kwaikwayon tsoffin jajayen da korayen riguna, a wasa ɗaya na gida a ranar St. Patrick's Day ko kusa da ita a kowace kaka, ban da kakar 2013 da aka rage saboda lockout, sannan kuma ta sanya su a wasan waje na 2014 NHL Stadium Series. Sai dai a 2021, Devils ta gabatar da rigarta ta uku ta farko ta cikakken lokaci, inda aka yi amfani da baƙi a matsayin babban launi.

Lokacin da Reebok ya maye gurbinsa da kamfanin iyayensa Adidas a matsayin mai samar da rigunan NHL a kakar 2017–18, an sake dakatar da shirin riguna uku na shekara guda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|title=Report: No Alternate Jerseys Next Season as Adidas Takes Over NHL Uniforms|url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/news/report-no-alternate-jerseys-next-season-as-adidas-takes-over-nhl-uniforms|access-date=2017-04-06|magazine=The Hockey News}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin sauyin Reebok, an dawo da rigunan canji a kakar 2018–19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-third-jerseys-for-2018-19-season-300252258|title = 2018-19 NHL alternate jerseys}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====Amfani====
[[File:Joey Hishon in Attack 3rd Jersey.jpg|thumb|170px|Joey Hishon na Owen Sound Attack yana sanye da rigar uku a Ontario Hockey League]]
Da zarar ƙungiya ta samu izinin gasar don amfani da sabon tsarin rigarta, za ta nemi kuma a ba ta damar amfani da rigar uku a wasanni goma zuwa goma sha biyar a lokacin kaka. Haka kuma za ta iya ci gaba da amfani da rigar uku a shekarun da suka biyo baya. Wannan tsarin rigar canji ya ba ƙungiyoyi damar gwada sabbin zane-zane masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, waɗanda a wasu lokuta daga baya suka zama sabon tsarin rigar ƙungiyar, kodayake wasu daga cikinsu suna iya zama masu ban mamaki sosai. Wani sanannen misali shi ne rigar uku da St. Louis Blues ta shirya a 1996. Rigar uku ta Mighty Ducks daga wannan kakar, wadda take nuna mascot Wildwing yana fashewa ta cikin wani shimfiɗar kankara, ita ma an ɗauke ta a matsayin mai ban mamaki sosai. Sayar da rigunan uku ga magoya baya ya kuma samar da ƙarin kuɗaɗen shiga ga ƙungiyoyin NHL masu fama da ƙarancin kuɗi. Misali, a 2013, Calgary Flames ta gabatar da rigar uku mai launuka iri ɗaya da babbar rigar gida, amma ta ƙara salon &quot;western styling&quot; tare da wasu siffofin gargajiya na rigar hockey kamar igiyoyi da sunan ƙungiyar da aka rubuta a gaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2013/10/28/Franchises/Flames.aspx|title=Flames Unveil New Third Jersey To Mixed Reviews, With Some Saying It Is|website=Sportsbusinessdaily.com|date=28 October 2013 |access-date=14 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ba koyaushe yake aiki ba; a batun Flames, sun koma amfani da rigar su ta uku ta tarihi a kakar 2016–17.

Haka kuma ana ba ƙungiyoyi damar sanya rigunansu na uku sau nawa suke so a lokacin Stanley Cup Playoffs; duk da haka, za su iya amfani da nau'ikan riguna biyu ne kawai a lokacin playoff (ɗaya a gida ɗaya kuma a waje). Misalan ƙungiyoyin da suka sanya rigunan uku a playoff sun haɗa da New York Rangers (a 1997), Dallas Stars (a 1999 da 2026), San Jose Sharks (daga 2011 zuwa 2014), Anaheim Ducks (a 2014), Minnesota Wild (daga 2013 zuwa 2017), Washington Capitals (a 2015), Toronto Maple Leafs (a 1999), Philadelphia Flyers (a 2001 da 2009), Pittsburgh Penguins (a 1997, 2016 da 2021), Edmonton Oilers (a 2017 da 2021), Calgary Flames (a 2019), Arizona Coyotes (a 2020), da Carolina Hurricanes (a 2019, 2020 da 2021). Ducks, Stars, Flyers, Penguins, Oilers, Wild, Flames da Coyotes ma misalai ne na ƙungiyoyin da suka sanya rigunan uku a playoff sannan daga baya aka ɗaga su zuwa rigunan cikakken lokaci a kakar da ta biyo baya.

====Tsarin lokaci====
Ƙungiyoyi da dama sun samu zane-zane daban-daban na rigunansu na uku.

*1955–56: ''Boston Bruins'' (ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 1956–57; an dawo da shi a kakar 1959–60 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 1964–65)
*1966–67: ''Toronto Maple Leafs'' (saboda bikin cika shekaru 100 na Kanada a 1967, Leafs ta samu wani sabon tsarin riguna gaba ɗaya na wasannin Stanley Cup na wannan shekarar, wanda ya ƙare da lashe Stanley Cup. Sabon tsarin rigar Leafs ya ƙunshi sabon tambarin Maple Leaf, wanda ya maye gurbin tsohuwar ganyen maple da wani zane da ke kwaikwayon ganyen da ke kan sabuwar tutar Maple Leaf ta Kanada da aka gabatar a 1965. Ƙungiyar ta karɓi wannan tsarin rigar a kakar da ta biyo baya (1967–68), kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka gabatar da sabon tsarin riguna gaba ɗaya a kakar 1970–71.)
*1981–82: ''Pittsburgh Penguins'' (ya ci gaba har zuwa kakar 1984–85)
*1991–92: ''Boston Bruins'', ''Chicago Blackhawks'', ''Detroit Red Wings'', ''Montreal Canadiens'', ''New York Rangers'', ''Toronto Maple Leafs'' (duk a matsayin rigunan tarihi/vintage)
*1993–94: ''Chicago Blackhawks'' da ''Detroit Red Wings'' (wasa ɗaya, suna sanye da rigunan tarihi/vintage na 1992)
*1995–96: ''Mighty Ducks of Anaheim'', ''Boston Bruins'' (har zuwa 2005–06), ''Los Angeles Kings'', ''Pittsburgh Penguins'' (har zuwa 1996–97; daga baya ta zama rigar waje ta yau da kullum), ''Vancouver Canucks'' (har zuwa 1996–97)
*1996–97: ''Chicago Blackhawks'' (an yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2006–07), ''New York Islanders'' (riguna na uku da na huɗu masu tsohon tambari, suka zama rigunan gida da na waje na cikakken lokaci a kakar da ta biyo baya), ''New York Rangers'' (har zuwa 2006–07), ''Tampa Bay Lightning'' (har zuwa 1998–99), ''Toronto Maple Leafs'' (wasa ɗaya – rigunan tarihi/vintage)
*1997–98: ''Mighty Ducks of Anaheim'' (har zuwa 1999–2000), ''Dallas Stars'' (har zuwa 1998–99; daga baya ta zama rigar waje), ''Ottawa Senators'' (har zuwa 1998–99; daga baya ta zama rigar waje), ''Philadelphia Flyers'' (har zuwa 2000–01; daga baya ta zama rigar waje), ''St. Louis Blues'' (ta zama rigar gida a kakar da ta biyo baya), ''San Jose Sharks'' (ta zama rigar waje a kakar da ta biyo baya), ''Washington Capitals'' (har zuwa 1999–2000; daga baya ta zama rigar waje)
*1998–99: ''Calgary Flames'' (har zuwa 1999–2000; ta zama rigar waje har zuwa 2003; ta sake zama rigar uku daga 2003–06), ''Florida Panthers'' (har zuwa 2002–03; ta zama sabuwar rigar gida, yayin da tsohuwar rigar waje ta maye gurbinta), ''New York Rangers'' (farar riga ta maye gurbin shuɗiyar rigar uku na kaka ɗaya), ''Phoenix Coyotes'' (har zuwa 2002–03), ''Toronto Maple Leafs'' (har zuwa 2006–07)
*1999–2000: ''Los Angeles Kings'' (an daina amfani da ita kafin kakar 2007–08; an sauya tambarinta a 2002–03)
*2000–01: ''Buffalo Sabres'' (har zuwa 2005–06), ''Ottawa Senators'' (har zuwa 2006–07), ''Pittsburgh Penguins'' (har zuwa 2001–02; ta zama rigar gida bayan kaka ɗaya)
*2001–02: ''Colorado Avalanche'' (har zuwa 2006–07), ''Edmonton Oilers'' (Todd McFarlane ne ya tsara ta; har zuwa 2006–07), ''Nashville Predators'' (har zuwa 2006–07), ''San Jose Sharks'' (har zuwa 2006–07), ''Vancouver Canucks'' (har zuwa 2005–06)
*2002–03: ''New York Islanders'' (har zuwa 2006–07), ''Philadelphia Flyers'' (orange tare da sigar 3D ta tambari, har zuwa 2006–07)
*2003–04: ''Mighty Ducks of Anaheim'' (har zuwa 2005–06), ''Atlanta Thrashers'' (za ta zama rigar gida), ''Boston Bruins'' (kimanin 1970 – shirin vintage), ''Columbus Blue Jackets'' (ta zama rigar gida a 2007–08), ''Dallas Stars'' (an yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2005–06), ''Edmonton Oilers'' (kimanin 1988 – shirin vintage), ''Florida Panthers'' (tsohuwar rigar waje, har zuwa 2006–07), ''Los Angeles Kings'' (kimanin 1987 – shirin vintage), ''Minnesota Wild'' (ta zama rigar gida a 2007–08); ''Montreal Canadiens'' (nau'ikan kimanin 1946 da 1960 – shirin vintage – an yi amfani da nau'in 1946 har zuwa 2006–07), ''New York Rangers'' (kimanin 1978 – shirin vintage), ''St. Louis Blues'' (kimanin 1979 – shirin vintage), ''Vancouver Canucks'' (kimanin 1976 – shirin vintage; an sanya ta a matsayin ta huɗu a 2005–06, sannan aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin ta uku a 2006–07).
*2006–07: ''Boston Bruins'' (tsohuwar rigar shekarun 1960), ''Buffalo Sabres''
*2007–08: Ba a ba wata ƙungiya damar samun rigar canji ba saboda gabatar da tsarin rigar Reebok Edge. A lokacin NHL playoffs, ''Toronto Maple Leafs'' ta sanar cewa za ta sanya riguna masu kama da waɗanda aka sanya a lokacin da ta lashe Stanley Cup a 1967, amma hakan bai faru ba saboda Maple Leafs ba ta samu gurbin shiga playoff ba a lokacin kakar. Saboda haka, ''Pittsburgh Penguins'' (tsohuwar rigar shuɗi ta 1968–76) da ''Buffalo Sabres'' (tsohuwar farar rigar 1970–96) su ne ƙungiyoyi biyu kawai da suka sanya rigunansu na uku, wanda ya faru a Winter Classic.
*2008–09: A ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2008, ''Carolina Hurricanes'' ta bayyana sabuwar rigar uku mai yawan baƙi, wadda take ɗauke da tsarin tuta mai kama da tsarin tutocin gargadin ruwa. Ƙungiyoyin da suka sanar da amfani da rigunan uku a kakar 2008–09 sun haɗa da: ''Atlanta Thrashers'', ''Boston Bruins'', ''Buffalo Sabres'', ''Chicago Blackhawks'' (rigar tarihi don 2009 NHL Winter Classic a Wrigley Field), ''Dallas Stars'', ''Detroit Red Wings'' (don 2009 Winter Classic), ''Edmonton Oilers'', ''Los Angeles Kings'', ''New York Islanders'', ''Ottawa Senators'', ''Philadelphia Flyers'', ''Phoenix Coyotes'', ''Pittsburgh Penguins'', ''San Jose Sharks'', ''St. Louis Blues'', ''Tampa Bay Lightning'', ''Toronto Maple Leafs'', ''Vancouver Canucks''. Domin bikin kakarta ta 100, Montreal Canadiens ta sanya rigunan tarihi daga kakokin 1912–13, 1915–16 da 1945–46 a wasu zaɓaɓɓun wasannin gida da ƙungiyoyin Original Six.
*2009–10: Montreal Canadiens ta sanar a ƙarshen 2008 cewa za ta sanya rigunan tarihi daga kakokin 1909–10 da 1910–11 a wasu zaɓaɓɓun wasannin gida da ƙungiyoyin Original Six domin bikin cika shekaru 100 da kafuwar ƙungiyar. Bugu da ƙari, Bruins da Flyers sun sanya rigunan tarihi a wasansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na 2010 NHL Winter Classic a Fenway Park a ranar 1 ga Janairu, sannan Flyers ta koma amfani da farar rigar Winter Classic a matsayin rigar waje a kakar 2010–11; sabbin rigunan uku a kakar 2009–10 sun kasance na Calgary Flames, Colorado Avalanche, Florida Panthers, Minnesota Wild da Nashville Predators. Blackhawks ma ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar uku wadda take wani salo na rigar Winter Classic da aka yi amfani da ita a 2009.
*2010–11: Buffalo Sabres da New York Islanders sun sauya a hukumance zuwa rigar uku a matsayin rigar gida (da sabuwar farar rigar waje da aka gina bisa wannan tsarin) a kakar 2010–11. Buffalo ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar uku da aka ɗan gina bisa tsohuwar ƙungiyarta ta American Hockey League, Buffalo Bisons, domin bikin cika shekaru 40 da kafuwar ƙungiyar. Columbus Blue Jackets ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar uku, inda take sanya ta a wasu zaɓaɓɓun wasannin gida da na waje kawai.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} Anaheim Ducks ma ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar uku tare da rigunan gida da na waje. Los Angeles Kings ta bayyana sabuwar rigarta ta huɗu ta tarihi, wadda ta dogara da rigunanta masu launin purple da gold da aka sanya daga 1967 zuwa 1979. Pittsburgh Penguins ta daina amfani da rigunanta masu launin powder blue, sannan ta bayyana sabuwar rigar uku a 2011 NHL Winter Classic a Heinz Field.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://post-gazette.com/pg/10149/1061717-61.stm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602141018/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10149/1061717-61.stm | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 2, 2010 | work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | title=Heinz 'in' place to be Jan. 1 | first=Shelly | last=Anderson | date=May 29, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, New York Rangers ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar tarihi domin bikin cika shekaru 85 da kafuwar ƙungiyar, wadda ake sanyawa a wasannin gida da Original Six da kuma dukkan wasannin gida na Lahadi (daga baya Asabar). Rangers ta fara sanya rigar tarihin a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba a wasan da ta kara da Bruins. Anaheim Ducks ta gabatar da rigar uku a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba. Rigar tana ɗauke da tambarin ƙafar duck mai harafin &quot;D&quot; a gaba, kuma launukan sun fi karkata zuwa baƙi da orange. A kafadar rigar akwai tambarin Mighty Duck, wanda ba a sake amfani da shi ba tun kakar 2006–07, tare da tambarin da Ducks ke amfani da shi a yanzu.
*2011–12: Los Angeles Kings ta mayar da rigunanta na waje masu launin purple da baƙi zuwa rigunan canji, yayin da ta sanya rigunan baƙi da azurfa a matsayin rigunan gida na yau da kullum. Ta kuma ƙera farar da baƙar rigar waje bisa wannan tsari. Ottawa Senators ta maye gurbin baƙar rigunanta na &quot;SENS&quot; da tsarin retro na barberpole bisa rigunan tsohuwar Ottawa Senators. Pittsburgh Penguins da Washington Capitals sun ɗaga rigunansu na 2011 Winter Classic zuwa matsayin riguna na uku, yayin da Toronto Maple Leafs ta bayyana sabuwar rigar canji mai shuɗi ta retro bisa rigar da aka sanya lokacin da ta lashe 1967 Stanley Cup Finals. Duk da cewa Tampa Bay Lightning ta bayyana sabbin tambura da sabbin riguna, ta ci gaba da amfani da rigarta ta canji mai suna &quot;BOLTS&quot;. New York Islanders ta ƙara baƙar riga a matsayin rigar canjinta, wadda aka daina amfani da ita zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2013–14.

*2012–13: Ba a gabatar da wata sabuwar rigar uku ba a wannan kakar da aka rage saboda lockout, amma Buffalo Sabres, Edmonton Oilers da Florida Panthers sun daina amfani da rigunansu na uku.

*2013–14: Buffalo Sabres ta bayyana rigarta ta uku mai launuka biyu, inda gaban rigar yake da launin zinariya, yayin da bayanta yake da launin navy. Calgary Flames ta maye gurbin tsoffin rigunanta na uku na shekarun 1980 (waɗanda yanzu ake sanyawa sau ɗaya a kowace kaka) da jan da baƙar riga mai ɗauke da rubutun tarihi na &quot;Calgary&quot; da sabbin fasalolin zane (daga baya an maye gurbin ta da tsoffin rigunan bayan kakar 2015–16). Carolina Hurricanes ta ci gaba da amfani da baƙar rigarta ta uku duk da gabatar da sabon tsarin riguna, yayin da aka daina amfani da rigunan uku na Los Angeles Kings da Pittsburgh Penguins.

*2014–15: Anaheim Ducks ta ɗaga rigunanta na uku zuwa matsayin rigunan gida na yau da kullum, tare da ƙara sabuwar farar riga bisa wannan tsari. Pittsburgh Penguins ta bayyana sabuwar rigarta ta uku mai baƙi da zinariya, wadda ta dogara da rigunan waje da ta sanya daga 1980 zuwa 1992. Bugu da ƙari, Philadelphia Flyers ta ɗaga rigar da ta sanya a 2012 Winter Classic zuwa matsayin rigar canji. Bayan ta daina amfani da baƙar rigarta ta uku zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2013–14, New York Islanders ta ƙara rigar canji mai shuɗi, wadda aka riga aka sanya a wasan Stadium Series a Yankee Stadium a kakar da ta gabata. Tampa Bay Lightning ta sauya rigarta ta uku zuwa baƙar rigar canji, yayin da Los Angeles Kings da Arizona Coyotes suka bayyana sabbin rigunan tarihi, inda ta ƙarshe ta maye gurbin baƙar rigarta ta uku.

*2015–16: Anaheim Ducks ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar uku mai launin orange. Edmonton Oilers ta gabatar da sabuwar rigar canji ta tarihi mai launin orange, yayin da Vancouver Canucks ta ƙara baƙar rigar tarihi wadda ta kasance rigar waje ta ƙungiyar daga 1989 zuwa 1997. Washington Capitals ta ƙara jan rigar canji bisa farar rigar canji da ta yi amfani da ita daga kakar 2011–12 zuwa 2014–15. Bugu da ƙari, Colorado Avalanche da New York Islanders sun sauya rigunansu na canji. An daina amfani da rigar uku mai launuka biyu ta Buffalo Sabres gaba ɗaya; a madadinta, an yi amfani da &quot;rigar uku&quot; mai kama da farar rigar waje a wasannin gida shida (a zahiri riga ɗaya ce, amma kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, ana buƙatar izini na musamman daga gasar domin amfani da ita).&lt;ref name=sabreswhiteathome/&gt;

*2016–17: An ɗaga rigar uku ta Pittsburgh Penguins da aka sanya a kakar 2014–15 da 2015–16 zuwa matsayin rigar gida ta yau da kullum; yayin da Boston Bruins ta maye gurbin rigarta ta uku da rigar da aka fara sanyawa a 2016 NHL Winter Classic. Los Angeles Kings da Philadelphia Flyers sun gabatar da riguna uku na musamman, yayin da St. Louis Blues ta cire rigarta ta uku.

*2017–18: Ba a ba wata ƙungiya damar samun rigar canji ta yau da kullum ba saboda gabatar da tsarin rigar Adidas. Sai dai ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga wasannin waje (NHL 100 Classic, Winter Classic da Stadium Series) sun samu riguna na musamman domin waɗannan wasannin. Bugu da ƙari, Toronto Maple Leafs ta sanya rigar tarihi ta Toronto Arenas a Next Century Game, domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da wasan farko a tarihin NHL.

*2018–19: Ƙungiyoyin da suka sanar da amfani da riguna uku a kakar 2018–19 sun kasance: Anaheim Ducks, Arizona Coyotes, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, Colorado Avalanche, Columbus Blue Jackets, Edmonton Oilers, New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders, Ottawa Senators, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, St. Louis Blues, Washington Capitals da Winnipeg Jets. Boston Bruins da Chicago Blackhawks sun sanya rigunan tarihi a lokacin 2019 NHL Winter Classic. Carolina Hurricanes ta sanar cewa za ta sanya korayen rigunan Hartford Whalers a wasu zaɓaɓɓun wasanni da Boston Bruins a kakar 2018–19.

*2019–20: Boston Bruins, Edmonton Oilers da Vancouver Canucks sun ƙara sabbin riguna uku. Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Dallas Stars, Los Angeles Kings, Nashville Predators da Winnipeg Jets sun sanya rigunan tarihi na musamman a wasu ƴan wasanni a lokacin kakar.

*2020–21: NHL ta fara haɗin gwiwa da Adidas wajen gabatar da shirin ''Reverse Retro'', inda aka samar wa dukkan ƙungiyoyi 31 riguna na musamman bisa tsoffin rigunan da aka sanya a kakokin baya. Wasu ƙungiyoyi, ciki har da Arizona Coyotes, Boston Bruins, Carolina Hurricanes, Columbus Blue Jackets, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Montreal Canadiens, New Jersey Devils, San Jose Sharks da St. Louis Blues, sun samu riguna waɗanda aka sauya tsarin launukansu. Gabatar da rigunan ''Reverse Retro'' ya kasance karo na farko a tarihi da dukkan ƙungiyoyi 31 suka samu aƙalla riguna uku. Baya ga gabatar da jerin ''Reverse Retro'', Dallas Stars, Vegas Golden Knights da Washington Capitals sun gabatar da sabbin riguna na huɗu, yayin da aka ɗaga rigar tarihi ta Calgary Flames zuwa matsayin rigar gida, sannan aka mayar da tsohuwar rigar gida zuwa rigar huɗu; an sake tsara rigunan uku na Buffalo Sabres da Ottawa Senators zuwa rigunan ''Reverse Retro'' a matsayin wani ɓangare na gabatar da sabbin cikakkun tsarin riguna na waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nhl.nbcsports.com/2020/11/16/nhl-adidas-go-reverse-retro-with-latest-jersey-designs/|title=NHL, adidas go 'Reverse Retro' with latest jersey designs|last=Leahy|first=Sean|date=November 16, 2020|access-date=November 16, 2020|publisher=NBC Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*2021–22: An bayyana sabbin riguna uku na Los Angeles Kings, New Jersey Devils, Pittsburgh Penguins, Toronto Maple Leafs da Winnipeg Jets. Bugu da ƙari, tsohuwar rigar gida ta Arizona Coyotes mai tambarin &quot;coyote head&quot; an mayar da ita zuwa rigar uku.

*2022–23: An gabatar da rukuni na biyu na rigunan ''Reverse Retro''. Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes da Vancouver Canucks sun bayyana sabbin nau'ikan rigunan tarihi na shekarun 1990, yayin da Arizona Coyotes ta bayyana sabuwar rigar canji ja.

*2023–24: Anaheim Ducks da Boston Bruins sun sanya rigunan uku na musamman domin bikin cika shekaru na ƙungiyoyin a wannan kakar. Minnesota Wild ta dawo da rigarta ta ''Reverse Retro'' mai kore da zinariya, wadda aka yi mata wahayi daga Minnesota North Stars, a matsayin rigar canji, yayin da New York Rangers, San Jose Sharks da Tampa Bay Lightning suka bayyana sabbin rigunan canji.

*2024–25: Sabanin lokutan baya da aka gabatar da sabbin tsarin riguna, an ba da damar ci gaba da amfani da rigunan uku da ake da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na gabatar da tsarin rigar Fanatics, amma ba a iya gabatar da sabbin zane-zanen riguna uku a lokacin kakar ba. Sai dai ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga wasannin waje sun samu riguna na musamman. A matsayin wani ɓangare na waɗannan sauye-sauye, Anaheim Ducks, Edmonton Oilers, Los Angeles Kings da New York Islanders sun daina amfani da rigunansu na uku. Washington Capitals ta sanya rigar tarihi ta musamman domin bikin cika shekaru a wasu iyakantattun wasanni a lokacin kakar.

*2025–26: Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings da New York Rangers sun sanya riguna uku na musamman domin bikin cika shekaru na ƙungiyoyin a wannan kakar. Dallas Stars ta maye gurbin rigarta ta canji da wata da aka gina bisa rigarta ta ''Reverse Retro'' ta 2020–21. Bayan Edmonton Oilers da Ottawa Senators ba su yi amfani da riguna uku ba a kakar da ta gabata, ƙungiyoyin biyu sun gabatar da sabbin riguna na canji masu salo na tarihi, yayin da New Jersey Devils (wanda zai fara aiki a 2026–27), Philadelphia Flyers da Toronto Maple Leafs suka daina amfani da rigunansu na uku. Haka kuma Pittsburgh Penguins da Washington Capitals sun gabatar da sabbin rigunan canji domin maye gurbin tsarin da suke amfani da shi a baya.

==Rugby league==
===National Rugby League===
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rigar uku ta fara bayyana a gasar [[NRL]] ta Australia, inda kowace ƙungiya ke da rigar &quot;gida&quot;, rigar &quot;waje&quot;, da rigar &quot;tarihi&quot;. A halin yanzu, NRL ba ta tilasta amfani da rigar uku ko rigar canji ba, domin ana iya magance yawancin rikicewar launukan riguna ta hanyar amfani da rigar waje ko kuma gyararren rigar ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20.

*[[South Sydney Rabbitohs]] ta yi amfani da farar riga (rigar waje ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20) a wasan da ta kara da Canberra a shekarar 2008, duk da cewa NRL ta bayyana cewa rigunan Souths da Canberra ba sa rikicewa. Suna da irin wannan riga a shekarar 2009 wadda ke ɗauke da zane-zanen al'adun Aboriginal da Māori.
*[[Parramatta Eels]] ta amince da tsarin riguna na gida (rawaya mai zane-zanen shuɗi), waje (shuɗi mai zane-zanen rawaya, amma a shekarar 2007 ita ce rigar canji) da canji (fari mai zane-zanen rawaya, amma a shekarar 2007 ita ce rigar waje). Su, tare da Manly-Warringah da Illawarra, na daga cikin waɗanda suka fara amfani da rigunan waje a wasan rugby league a Australia.
*[[Canterbury Bulldogs]] na amfani da riga mai kama da rigar atisaye a matsayin rigar karo (ita ce kuma rigar waje ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20). Haka kuma suna sanya rigar Berries ta shekarun 1960 a matsayin rigar tarihi, da kuma wata riga makamanciya da ita (amma mai ɗan bambanci sosai) mai launin fari da ratsin shuɗi da baki irin na masu yanka nama a lokacin wasannin gwaji.
*[[Brisbane Broncos]] an san su da sanya riga ta canji mai launin shuɗi da ruwan aqua, amma ba kasafai ake ganinta ba saboda shuɗi ya zama launin da magoya bayan rugby league na Queensland ba sa so.
*[[Wests Tigers]] sun taɓa sanya farar sigar rigar gidansu ta shekarar 2008, inda suka musanya wuraren fari da orange, sannan suka gabatar da rigar &quot;Shekaru 10 da Cika&quot; wadda take fari mai ɗauke da siffofin V masu launin baki da orange. Haka kuma suna sanya sabbin sigogin tsofaffin rigunan [[Balmain Tigers]] da [[Western Suburbs Magpies]] na shekarun 1980.
*Ko da yake ba a kira su rigunan uku kai tsaye ba, bikin cika shekaru 100 na Rugby League ya sa dukkan ƙungiyoyi suka samu riguna na musamman don zagayen bikin cika shekaru 100. A shekarar 2009, ƙungiyoyi da dama sun sanya irin waɗannan riguna. [[Newcastle Knights]], duk da haka, ta sanya rigarta ta asali; a shekarar 2008 kuma ta sanya rigar [[Newcastle Rebels]], wadda ita ce ƙungiyar Newcastle ta farko a NSWRL kuma ta buga a kakar farko ta NSWRL. [[New Zealand Warriors]] ta sanya riga da ke nuna tarihin rugby league a Auckland, mai launin shuɗi mai duhu da manyan V guda biyu masu launin fari, yayin da [[Melbourne Storm]] ta sanya rigar waje ta shekarun 2000 mai launin purple mai haske da walƙiyoyin fari a Zagayen Rigar Tarihi na shekarar 2009. A shekarar 2008 kuma ta sanya rigarta ta asali mai ɗauke da siffofin V.
*Sakamakon abin da aka ambata a sama, [[Sydney Roosters]] ta yi amfani da riguna guda biyar a shekarar 2008.

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}</text>
      <sha1>n2gfuk4k4mj09o7gjgije1cylenma0w</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Jamiu Babatunde Olawumi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5584" sha1="kuwgra3e0k68fx03856u9twy50r1uva" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| name = Jamiu Babatunde Olawumi
| native_name = Jamiu Babatunde Olawumi
| birth_place = [[Ile-Ife]], [[Jihar Osun]], Najeriya
| nationality = [[Najeriya|ɗan Najeriya]]
| occupation = Ɗan siyasa, ɗan jarida
| office = Mai Ba Gwamna Shawara na Musamman kan Ilimi na Jihar Osun
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2022
| governor = [[Gboyega Oyetola]]
| party = [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC)
}}

'''Jamiu Babatunde Olawumi''' ɗan siyasar [[Najeriya]] ne daga [[Jihar Osun]]. Ya taɓa zama Mai Ba Gwamna Shawara na Musamman kan Ilimi ga Gwamnan Jihar Osun, [[Gboyega Oyetola]], daga shekarar 2019 zuwa 2022. Kafin da kuma lokacin aikinsa na gwamnati, an kuma bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan jarida da ɗan siyasa daga [[Ife Central]].&lt;ref name=&quot;screening&quot;&gt;{{cite web
|title=LIVE UPDATES: Day 3 of OSHA Screening of Osun Commissioners/Special Advisers Nominees
|url=https://www.kakakioodua.com/2019/10/live-updates-day-3-of-osha-screening-of.html
|publisher=KakakiOodua
|date=4 October 2019
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
An danganta Olawumi da [[Ife Central]] a Jihar Osun. A lokacin tantancewar 'yan takarar mukaman gwamnati a shekarar 2019, an bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan jarida daga Ife Central.&lt;ref name=&quot;screening&quot; /&gt;

Bayan kafa sabuwar majalisar ministoci da masu ba gwamna shawara a gwamnatin Gboyega Oyetola, an naɗa Olawumi a matsayin '''Mai Ba Gwamna Shawara na Musamman kan Ilimi'''. Jerin sunayen jami'an gwamnatin da aka wallafa a watan Oktoba 2019 ya tabbatar da mukaminsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribune2019&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=Full list: Osun commissioners, special advisers
|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/full-list-osun-commissioners-special-advisers/
|work=Tribune Online
|date=25 October 2019
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jaridar ''The Sun'' ma ta tabbatar da cewa Olawumi yana cikin masu ba Gwamna Oyetola shawara na musamman da aka rantsar a shekarar 2019, inda aka ba shi alhakin harkokin ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sun2019&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=Funke Egbemode, Oyebamiji, others sworn in as commissioners, SAs in Osun
|url=https://thesun.ng/funke-egbemode-oyebamiji-others-sworn-in-osun/
|work=The Sun Nigeria
|date=25 October 2019
|access-date=1 October 2026
}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin ilimi ==
A matsayinsa na Mai Ba Gwamna Shawara kan Ilimi, Olawumi ya yi magana a kan manufofin ilimi na gwamnatin Oyetola. A shekarar 2020, ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin jihar tana aiki kan inganta tsarin ilimi da kuma magance wasu matsalolin da suka shafi makarantu a jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay2020&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=‘Oyetola Administration Has Restored Lost Glory of Education in Osun’
|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2020/06/24/oyetola-administration-has-restored-lost-glory-of-education-in-osun/
|work=THISDAY
|date=24 June 2020
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wata hira da ''THISDAY'' a shekarar 2020, Olawumi ya tattauna kan sake duba manufofin ilimi na Jihar Osun da kuma shirin fara aiwatar da wasu sauye-sauye a shekarar makaranta ta 2020–2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDayPolicy&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=‘New Education Policy will Lead to Prosperity in Osun’
|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2020/10/17/new-education-policy-will-lead-to-prosperity-in-osun/
|work=THISDAY
|date=17 October 2020
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2021, ya sake bayyana manufofin gwamnatin Oyetola na sake tsara harkokin ilimi a jihar, ciki har da sauye-sauyen da aka yi kan tsarin gudanar da ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ThisDay2021&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=‘Oyetola’s Education Review Policies Have Brought About a Structured Governance in Osun’
|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2021/02/03/oyetolas-education-review-policies-have-brought-about-a-structured-governance-in-osun/
|work=THISDAY
|date=3 February 2021
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayan aikin gwamnati ==
Bayan kammala gwamnatin Oyetola, Olawumi ya ci gaba da bayyana a harkokin siyasar Jihar Osun. A watan Fabrairun 2025, ''The PUNCH'' ta bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon Mai Ba Gwamna Shawara kan Ilimi a gwamnatin Oyetola, inda ya yi magana kan rikicin siyasar ƙananan hukumomin jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Punch2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=Adeleke misled Osun people, should take responsibility for killings – Oyetola’s ex-aide
|url=https://punchng.com/adeleke-misled-osun-people-should-take-responsibility-for-killings-oyetolas-ex-aide/
|work=The PUNCH
|date=19 February 2025
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Yunin 2026, ''The PUNCH'' ta ruwaito cewa Olawumi ya bar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC), tare da wasu manyan 'yan jam'iyyar a Osun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Punch2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=Oyetola’s ex-commissioner, adviser quit Osun APC
|url=https://punchng.com/oyetolas-ex-commissioner-adviser-quit-osun-apc/
|work=The PUNCH
|date=6 June 2026
|access-date=1 October 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
Olawumi ya yi aiki a gwamnatin Oyetola a matsayin mai ba gwamna shawara kan ilimi, sannan ya ci gaba da shiga harkokin siyasar Osun bayan barin mukamin gwamnati. Majiyoyin 2025 da 2026 sun ci gaba da ambatonsa a matsayin tsohon mai ba gwamna shawara kan ilimi kuma ɗan siyasa a jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Punch2025&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Punch2026&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jihar Osun]]
* [[Ile-Ife]]
* [[Siyasar Najeriya]]
* [[Ilimi a Najeriya]]
* [[Gboyega Oyetola]]
* [[All Progressives Congress]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:'Yan siyasar Najeriya]]
[[Category:'Yan siyasar Jihar Osun]]
[[Category:Mutanen Ile-Ife]]
[[Category:Masu aikin gwamnati a Najeriya]]
[[Category:All Progressives Congress politicians]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jillahi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>971341</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:44:00Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7061" sha1="nspmwdvtq3g2fozafa8qty5tpzv7cpd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jillahi
| settlement_type = Registration Area
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area
| subdivision_name2 = [[Funakaye]]
| government_type = Registration Area
| parts_type = Ward
| parts = Jillahi
| timezone = WAT
| utc_offset = +1
}}

'''Jillahi''' yanki ne na rajista da gundumar zaɓe da ke cikin [[Funakaye]] Local Government Area na [[Gombe State]], [[Nigeria]]. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta sanya Jillahi a matsayin Registration Area ta shida a cikin Funakaye, kuma lambar yankin ita ce '''15/05/06'''. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=GOMBE |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jillahi na daga cikin Registration Areas guda goma da ke ƙarƙashin Funakaye Local Government Area. Sauran yankunan sun haɗa da Ashaka/Magaba, Bage, Bajoga West, Bajoga East, Bodor/Tilde, Kupto, Ribadu, Tongo da Wawa/Wakkulutu. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=GOMBE |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124161117/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2025 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A bayanan da aka sabunta na rumfunan zaɓe, Jillahi tana da rumfunan zaɓe guda '''16'''. Wannan adadin ya yi daidai da jerin rumfunan zaɓe na Jillahi da aka wallafa bisa tsarin lambar INEC na Funakaye. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kundin INEC na rumfunan zaɓe na Gombe State ya kuma tabbatar da cewa Funakaye tana cikin jerin Local Government Areas na jihar, kuma bayanan Jillahi suna cikin tsarin rabon Registration Areas da rumfunan zaɓe na wannan ƙaramar hukuma. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=January 2015 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rumfunan zaɓe ==

Jillahi tana da rumfunan zaɓe 16. Rumfunan sun haɗa da '''Ung. Bauchi Jillahi, Kofar Sarki''', '''Ung. Madaki, Pri. Sch.''', '''Ung. Galadima, Dispensary''', da '''Busum, Kofar Jauro'''. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran rumfunan zaɓen Jillahi sun haɗa da '''Wuro Arsi, Pri. Sch.''', '''Dubbel, Pri. Sch.''', '''Primary School Marmagani''', '''Jagabali, Kofar Jauro''', '''Kacacciya, Kofar Jauro''' da '''Jarkum, Kofar Jauro'''. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma, jerin rumfunan zaɓen ya ƙunshi '''Fetila, Kofar Jauro''', '''Mutuke, Kofar Jauro''', '''Bodoryel, Kofar Jauro''', '''Jamtari, Kofar Jauro''', '''Mangari, Kofar Jauro''' da '''Duga Sabo, Kofar Damji'''. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lambobin rumfunan zaɓen Jillahi suna farawa da '''15-05-06-001''' zuwa '''15-05-06-016'''. A tsarin lambar INEC, ''15'' na wakiltar Gombe State, ''05'' Funakaye Local Government Area, yayin da ''06'' ke wakiltar Jillahi Registration Area. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin tsarin zaɓe ==

A kundin INEC da aka sake fasalin a watan Janairun 2015, Jillahi tana cikin jerin Registration Areas na Funakaye Local Government Area. Kundin ya tanadi bayanan rumfunan zaɓe da wuraren da ake gudanar da zaɓe a yankin. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=January 2015 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsarin zaɓe na Gombe State, Jillahi tana ƙarƙashin Funakaye, wadda ke daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin jihar Gombe. Rahoton INEC na Babban Zaɓen 2023 ya bayyana cewa Gombe State tana da ƙananan hukumomi 11, Registration Areas 114 da rumfunan zaɓe 2,988 a faɗin jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=2024 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260214132338/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaɓe ==

Jillahi na daga cikin yankunan da ke shiga tsarin zaɓe na Funakaye Local Government Area. Bayanai na rumfunan zaɓe sun nuna cewa dukkan rumfunan zaɓe 16 na Jillahi suna cikin tsarin lambar 15-05-06, wanda ke nuna alaƙarsu da Funakaye da Jillahi Registration Area. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2026, Funakaye ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin da suka shiga zaɓen cike gurbi na Gombe–Kwami–Funakaye Federal Constituency. INEC ta bayyana cewa an gudanar da zaɓen a rumfunan zaɓe 903 da ke cikin ƙananan hukumomi uku na mazabar tarayya, ciki har da Funakaye. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe- Kwami- Funakaye- Federal Constituency Bye-Election - Result Sheets |url=https://cvr.inecnigeria.org/the_election_results/viewElection/3004 |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Funakaye]]
* [[Gombe State]]
* [[Bage]]
* [[Ashaka, Gombe State]]
* [[Bajoga]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple III</title>
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      <text bytes="7070" sha1="nk35q8m8f9ca8u0qtvc17n7x6xzsvtp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple III''' (an haife shi 11 Yuni 1965), wanda aka fi sani da '''Perekule XI''', sarki ne na gargajiya na Najeriya kuma [[Amanyanabo]] na [[Masarautar Bonny]] da ke [[Jihar Rivers]]. Ya hau karagar sarautar Grand Bonny Kingdom a shekarar 1996 bayan rasuwar kawunsa, [[Opuada Secondus Pepple]]. An sanar da shi a matsayin sarki a ranar 6 Afrilu 1996, sannan aka yi masa nadin sarauta a ranar 21 Disamba 1996.

Pepple yana daga cikin zuriyar gidan sarautar Perekule. Mahaifinsa, [[Eugene William Dappa Pepple II]], shi ne Amanyanabo na Bonny daga 1957 zuwa 1972.

== Rayuwa da ilimi ==

An haifi Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple III a ranar 11 Yuni 1965 a [[Fatakwal]], Jihar Rivers, cikin gidan sarautar Perekule. Mahaifinsa shi ne Sarki Eugene William Dappa Pepple II, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ita ce Sarauniya Gladys Atonye William Dappa Pepple.

Ya halarci Government Comprehensive Secondary School da ke Borikiri, Port Harcourt. Daga baya ya yi karatun [[Accounting|lissafin kuɗi]] a Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, inda ya samu digirin [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]] a Accounting.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya samu aiki a [[Allied Bank|Allied Bank Plc]], inda ya yi aiki kafin ya bar aikin domin ya hau gadon sarautar gidan Perekule.

== Hawansa karagar sarauta ==

Kawun Pepple, Sarki Captain Opuada Secondus Pepple, Perekule X, ya rasu a watan Disamba 1993. Bayan tsarin zaɓen gargajiya na Grand Bonny, Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple ya zama ɗan takarar sarauta. An bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban Princely George Pepple House a ranar 28 Fabrairu 1996, sannan aka ayyana shi a matsayin sarki a ranar 6 Afrilu 1996.

An yi masa nadin sarauta a ranar 21 Disamba 1996, inda ya zama '''Perekule XI''' kuma Amanyanabo na Grand Bonny Kingdom.

Tun daga hawansa karagar sarauta, ya jagoranci masarautar a wani lokaci da [[man fetur]] da [[gas]] suka zama muhimman sassan tattalin arzikin Bonny. Wani binciken ilimi kan Bonny ya bayyana cewa a lokacin mulkinsa an ƙaddamar da wasu hukumomi da shirye-shiryen ci gaban al'umma domin bunƙasa ilimi, tsaro, sana'o'i da abubuwan more rayuwa.

== Ci gaban Bonny Kingdom ==

A ƙarƙashin shugabancinsa, an kafa ko ƙarfafa wasu cibiyoyi da suka haɗa da Bonny Kingdom Development Committee, Bonny Kingdom Education Trust Fund, Bonny Utility Company, Bonny Vocational Centre da Bonny Kingdom Security Committee. Manufar waɗannan shirye-shirye ita ce taimaka wa ci gaban al'umma da samar da ayyuka a cikin masarautar.

Pepple ya kuma kasance cikin hulɗa da kamfanonin mai da gas da ke gudanar da ayyuka a Bonny. A shekarar 2019, ya yaba da gudummawar [[Nigeria LNG|Nigeria LNG Limited]] ga masarautar, musamman dangane da ayyukan ci gaba da ayyukan [[Bonny–Bodo Road]].

A shekarar 2026, ya bayyana cewa Bonny na son faɗaɗa tattalin arzikinta daga dogaro da mai da gas zuwa yawon buɗe ido da abin da aka bayyana a matsayin '''“Orange Economy”'''. A taron ''Discover Bonny'', ya jaddada muhimmancin al'adun ruwa da tarihin Bonny wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin yawon buɗe ido.

== Muƙaman da ya riƙe ==

Bayan sarautarsa, Pepple ya riƙe wasu muƙamai na ƙasa da na jiha. Binciken tarihi kan Bonny ya bayyana cewa ya kasance shugaban [[Rivers State Council of Traditional Rulers]] daga 1 Yuni 2001 zuwa 21 Satumba 2007.

A ranar 21 Nuwamba 2001, an naɗa shi Chancellor na [[Niger Delta University]], Wilberforce Island, Jihar Bayelsa.

A shekarar 2008, ya kasance wakilin yankin [[South South]] a [[National Political Reform Conference]], taron da gwamnatin Najeriya ta shirya domin tattauna gyare-gyaren tsarin siyasa da kundin tsarin mulki. Takardar jerin wakilan taron ta lissafa shi a matsayin ''HRM King Edward Pepple, Amanayabo of Bonny'' a ƙarƙashin wakilan sarakunan gargajiya.

== Matsayinsa a harkokin al'umma ==

A matsayin Amanyanabo na Grand Bonny, Pepple yana cikin shugabannin gargajiya da ke shiga harkokin zaman lafiya, ci gaban al'umma da tattaunawa tsakanin masarautar, gwamnati da kamfanonin da ke aiki a yankin. An bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan gargajiya na aji na farko a Jihar Rivers.

A shekarar 2024, ya halarci taron sarakunan gargajiya na Jihar Rivers da ya tattauna batutuwan siyasa da tsaro a jihar.

A shekarar 2025, an bayyana shi a matsayin amintaccen memba na South-South Monarchs Forum, ƙungiyar sarakunan gargajiya daga yankin Kudu maso Kudu na Najeriya.

A shekarar 2026, ya kuma shiga tattaunawa kan tsarin amfani da filaye a Bonny, inda ya yi kira ga mazauna da masu ruwa da tsaki da su guji sayar da filaye ba tare da tsari ba domin kare makomar masarautar da shirin bunƙasa yankin.

== Iyali ==

Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple III ya auri Sarauniya Paula Edward Pepple. A cewar tarihin masarautar Grand Bonny, suna da yara huɗu: maza biyu da mata biyu.

== Muƙamai da lambobin girmamawa ==

Ana kiran Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple III da wasu lambobin girmamawa, ciki har da '''CON''' da '''JP'''. Wasu majiyoyi kuma suna amfani da '''DSSRS''' a bayan sunansa.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Masarautar Bonny]]
* [[Bonny]]
* [[Jihar Rivers]]
* [[Ijawawa]]
* [[Nigeria LNG]]
* [[Opuada Secondus Pepple]]
* [[Eugene William Dappa Pepple II]]
* [[Sarakunan gargajiya a Najeriya]]
* [[National Political Reform Conference]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Majiyoyi ==

* [https://bonnykingdom.wordpress.com/the-amanyanabo/ Grand Bonny Kingdom – The Amanyanabo]
* [https://www.kristinareports.com/the-king-55-why-bonny-kingdom-is-celebrating-her-king Kristina Reports – The King @ 55]
* [https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/list_of_delegates_to_the_national_political_reform_conference.pdf List of Delegates to the National Political Reform Conference]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377258954_TRADITIONAL_INSTITUTIONS_MULTINATIONAL_CORPORATION_AND_COMMUNITY_DEVELOPMENT_IN_BONNY_LOCAL_GOVERNMENT_AREA ResearchGate – Traditional Institutions, Multinational Corporation and Community Development in Bonny LGA]
* [https://businessday.ng/life/article/amanyanabo-of-bonny-presents-something-bigger-than-oil-gas-as-island-builds-tourism-economy-eyes-global-destination-status/ BusinessDay – Amanyanabo of Bonny presents something bigger than oil/gas]
* [https://www.bonnyfm.com/news/business-economy/amanyanabo-of-bonny-kingdom-warns-against-indiscriminate-land-sales-along-bonny-bodo-road-corridor/ Bonny FM – Amanyanabo warns against indiscriminate land sales]
* [https://punchng.com/rivers-political-crisis-slowed-governance-says-fubara/ Punch – Rivers political crisis slowed governance]
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106986530 Wikidata – Edward Asimini William Dappa Pepple III]

[[Category:Sarakunan gargajiya na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Sarakunan Jihar Rivers]]
[[Category:Sarakunan Bonny]]
[[Category:Ijawawa]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Rivers]]
[[Category:Mutanen Bonny]]
[[Category:Masarautar Bonny]]
[[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]]
[[Category:An haife su a 1965]]
[[Category:Ƴan ƙarni na 21]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Scale na hanci</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291881457|Anal scale]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:AB122_-_Anal_scale_undivided.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Scale na anal wanda ba a raba shi ba na elapid]]
[[File:AB123_-_Anal_scale_divided.JPG|right|thumb|350x350px|Rarraba sikelin anal na Ptyas mucosus, wani colubrid. Dubi ma'auni na ventral da ba a raba shi ba a hagu da kuma ma'aunin caudal da aka raba a dama.]]
A cikin [[Maciji|macizai]], sikelin anal ko farantin anal shine sikelin kawai a gaban da Ruwa ya rufe budewar cloacal. Wannan sikelin na iya zama ɗaya (&quot;dukan hanci&quot;) ko biyu (&quot;analla raba&quot;). Lokacin da aka haɗa shi, rarrabuwa tana(((((((front of and covering the [[:en:Cloaca|cloacal]] opening. This scale can be either single (&quot;anal entire&quot;) or paired (&quot;anal divided&quot;). When paired, the division is oblique.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mal032&quot;&gt;Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxicology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. {{ISBN|0-89464-877-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;W&amp;W572&quot;&gt;[[Albert Hazen Wright|Wright AH]], Wright AA (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). {{ISBN|0-8014-0463-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The anal scale))))))) da karkata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mal03&quot;&gt;Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxicology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. {{ISBN|0-89464-877-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sikeli na anal yana gaba da sikelin ventral kuma sikelin subcaudal ya biyo baya.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Sikeli na maciji

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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[[File:AB122_-_Anal_scale_undivided.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Scale na anal wanda ba a raba shi ba na elapid]]
[[File:AB123_-_Anal_scale_divided.JPG|right|thumb|350x350px|Rarraba sikelin anal na Ptyas mucosus, wani colubrid. Dubi ma'auni na ventral da ba a raba shi ba a hagu da kuma ma'aunin caudal da aka raba a dama.]]
A cikin [[Maciji|macizai]], sikelin anal ko farantin anal shine sikelin kawai a gaban da Ruwa ya rufe budewar cloacal. Wannan sikelin na iya zama ɗaya (&quot;dukan hanci&quot;) ko biyu (&quot;analla raba&quot;). Lokacin da aka haɗa shi, rarrabuwa tana da karkata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mal03&quot;&gt;Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxicology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. {{ISBN|0-89464-877-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sikeli na anal yana gaba da sikelin ventral kuma sikelin subcaudal ya biyo baya.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Sikeli na maciji

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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    <title>Jami'ar Perugia</title>
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'''Jami'ar [[Perugia]]''' (Italian Università degli Studi di Perugia) jami'a ce ta jama'a a Perugia, Italiya . An kafa ta a cikin 1308, kamar yadda Bull da Paparoma Clement V ya bayar ya tabbatar da haihuwar Studium Generale . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-07-12 |title=Home - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/en/ |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.unipg.it |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alamar jami'ar ta nuna Saint Herculan, daya daga cikin tsarkaka masu kula, da kuma griffin mai kambi, wanda shine alamar birni; suna wakiltar ikon coci da na farar hula, bi da bi, wanda ya haifar da jami'an a [[Zamanin Tsakiya]].

== Tarihi ==
Ɗaya daga cikin jami'o'in &quot;kyauta&quot; na Italiya, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa ''studium generale'' a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1308, ta hanyar Bull &quot;Super specula&quot; na Clement V. Makarantar zane-zane ta wanzu kusan 1200, inda aka koyar da magani da doka ba da daɗewa ba, tare da jajircewa mai ƙarfi da aka bayyana ta takardun hukuma na Majalisar Birnin Perugia Kafin 1300 akwai jami'o'i da yawa scholiarum. Jacobus na Belviso, masanin shari'a, ya koyar a nan daga 1316 zuwa 1321. Ta hanyar Bull a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1318, Yahaya XXII ya ba da damar ba da digiri a cikin dokar farar hula da canon, kuma a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1321, a cikin magani da zane-zane.

A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1355, sarki Charles na IV ya ba da bujimi wanda ya tabbatar da ɗaukaka papal kuma ya ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin jami'ar mulkin mallaka. An ba da wannan alamar ni'ima mai ban mamaki don taimakawa Perugia bayan mummunar annoba ta 1348-49. A cikin 1362 ne Kadanal Nicolò Capocci ya kafa ''Collegium Gregorianum'' (daga baya ake kira ''Sapienza vecchia'') don kula da matasa arba'in. Gregory XI, ta hanyar Brief na Oktoba 11, 1371, ya ba da dama na studium generale ga sabon ikon tauhidin. An dakatar da wannan baiwa kuma dukiyarta ta haɗu da jami'ar a cikin 1811. Benedetto Guidalotti, Bishop na Recanatias ne ya kafa ''Collegio di S. Girolamo'' kyauta ce ga baƙi marasa kudi waɗanda ke son karatun doka da magani a cikin 1426, tare da amincewar Martin V, kuma an canja su (a matsayin ''Sapienza nuova'') zuwa jami'a. Faransanci sun murkushe shi a cikin 1798, Pius VII ya sake buɗe shi a cikin 1807 a matsayin Collegio Pio . A cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 27 ga Agusta, 1824, Leo XII ya sanya wannan babban kwalejin jami'ar.

Tare da hadin kan Italiya a 1860 an kafa Jami'ar Perugia a ƙarƙashin ikon shugaban da Majalisar Birnin, waɗanda suka ba da dokoki da gwamnati ta amince da su. Daga 1944 zuwa yanzu, Jami'ar Perugia ta sami kyakkyawan suna a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a Italiya.

Tun daga lokacin Napoleon I, jami'ar ta mamaye tsohuwar gidan ibada na Olivetan na Monte Morcino. Akwai fannin lissafi har zuwa 1884. Dokokin an tsara su ne a kan na Bologna. Adadin dalibai a lokuta daban-daban ya kasance 142 a 1339, 79 a 1881, 350 a 1911.

== Ƙungiya ==
Jami'ar Perugia tana da fannoni 16 kuma tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko, na biyu da na guda ɗaya. Yana ba da manyan darussansa a [[Perugia]] da Tuni, da ƙarin shirye-shirye a duk yankin Umbria a cikin biranen Assisi, Foligno, da Narni. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

Kwalejin da aka raba jami'ar sune:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

* Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Abinci da Kimiyya ta Muhalli[[Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science|Aikin noma, Abinci da Kimiyya ta Muhalli]]
* Ma'aikatar ilmin sinadarai, ilmin halitta da ilimin halitta[[Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology|Chemistry, Biology da Biotechnology]]
* Ma'aikatar Injiniya da MuhalliInjiniyanci da na muhalli
* Ma'aikatar [[Ikonomi|Tattalin Arziki]]
* Ma'aikatar [[Injinia.|Injiniya]]
* Ma'aikatar [[Humanities, Ancient and Modern Languages, Literature and Cultures|Humanities, Tsohon da na zamani, Littattafai da Al'adu]]
* Ma'aikatar Shari'a[[Doka|Dokar]]
* Ma'aikatar Lissafi da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta
* Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya da Aiki[[Medicine and Surgery|Magunguna da tiyata]]
* Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Magunguna
* Ma'aikatar [[Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education|Falsafa, Kimiyya ta Jama'a da Ilimi]]
* Ma'aikatar [[Physics and Geology|Physics da Geology]]
* Ma'aikatar [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta Siyasa]]
* Ma'aikatar Kiwon LafiyaMagungunan dabbobi

Shirye-shiryen bincikensa ana gudanar da su ta sassan 14 tare da jimlar ma'aikatan cikakken lokaci 1,200. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

Ayyukan jami'ar sun hada da kungiyoyin sabis 25 da cibiyoyin bincike da kuma dakunan karatu 11 tare da tarin kayayyaki da kayan aiki. Tana da jimlar rajista na sama da dalibai 27,000 don shekara ta 2021-2022. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

== Hukumomin ilimi ==

* Rector [[Prof. Maurizio Oliviero|Farfesa Maurizio Oliviero]] Università degli Studi di Perugia[https://www.unipg.it/en/university/rector Jami'ar Studi ta Perugia]
* Mai gabatar da kara [[Prof. Fausto Elisei|Farfesa Fausto Elisei]] Università degli Studi di Perugia[https://www.unipg.it/en/university/vice-rector Jami'ar Studi ta Perugia]
* Mataimakin Rectors Università degli Studi di Perugia[https://www.unipg.it/en/university/deputy-rectors Jami'ar Studi ta Perugia]
** [[Prof. Luca Bartocci|Farfesa Luca Bartocci]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Luca Bartocci - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/luca.bartocci}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Paolo Belardi|Farfesa Paolo Belardi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Paolo Belardi - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/paolo.belardi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Stefano Brancorsini|Farfesa Stefano Brancorsini]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stefano Brancorsini - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/stefano.brancorsini}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Gabriele Cruciani|Farfesa Gabriele Cruciani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gabriele Cruciani - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/gabriele.cruciani |website=www.unipg.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Fausto Elisei|Farfesa Fausto Elisei]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fausto Elisei - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/fausto.elisei |access-date=2026-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813091703/https://www.unipg.it/personale/fausto.elisei/ |archive-date=2025-08-13 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof.ssa Carla Emiliani|Farfesa Carla Emiliani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carla Emiliani - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/carla.emiliani |website=www.unipg.it |access-date=2026-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012230333/https://www.unipg.it/personale/carla.emiliani |archive-date=2025-10-12 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Daniele Parbuono|Farfesa Daniele Parbuono]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daniele Parbuono - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/daniele.parbuono}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Daniele Porena|Farfesa Daniele Porena]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daniele Porena - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/daniele.porena |website=www.unipg.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Roberto Rettori|Farfesa Roberto Rettori]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Roberto Rettori - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/roberto.rettori}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof.ssa Stefania Stefanelli|Farfesa Stefania Stefanelli]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Stefania Stefanelli - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/stefania.stefanelli}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Mario Tosti|Farfesa Mario Tosti]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mario Tosti - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/mario.tosti |access-date=2026-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815041923/https://www.unipg.it/personale/mario.tosti/ |archive-date=2022-08-15 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Prof. Helios Vocca|Farfesa Helios Vocca]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Helios Vocca - Università degli Studi di Perugia |url=https://www.unipg.it/personale/helios.vocca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahararrun malamai da tsofaffi ==
Daga cikin fitattun malamai sune: [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

* [[Luca Pacioli]] (c. 1447-1517), mahaifin lissafi
* Jacobus na Belviso (c. 1270-1335), lauya
* [[Johannes Andreas]], marubucin littattafai
* Cino da Pistoia, (1270-1336), mawaki kuma lauya
* Bartolus na Saxoferrato, (1314-1357), sanannen lauyan farar hula
* Baldus na Ubaldis (1327-1400), lauya, (an wakilce adadinsa a duk takaddun shaida na difloma) 
* Gentile da Foligno (ya mutu a shekara ta 1348), likita
* Albericus Gentilis, wanda ya kafa kimiyyar dokar kasa da kasa
* Francesco della Rovere Paparoma (Sixtus IV) 
* [[Annibale Mariotti]], likita
* [[Annibale Vecchi]], likitan magani
* Domenico Bruschi, masanin ilimin shuke-shuke
* {{Interlanguage link|Bernardo Dessau|it}} masanin kimiyyar lissafi[it]
* [[Giuseppe Antinori]], arcadian da classicist
* Francesco Coppola, ɗan siyasa
* Anita Seppilli, masanin ilimin al'adu

Daga cikin ɗalibanta sun kasance: [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

* Nicholas na huɗu
* Gregory XI (c. 1329-1378, r. 1370-1378) 
* Cesare Borgia (c. 1490-1491) 
* Innocent na bakwai
* Martin na biyar
* Pius na Uku
* Julius na II
* Julius na Uku
* Urban VII
* Gregory na goma sha huɗu
* Clement na takwas
* Bulus na biyar
* Ruggero Oddi, likita
* Michaëlle Jean, tsohon Gwamna Janar na Kanada kuma babban sakatare na yanzu na La FrancophonieSakatare Janar na La Francophonie
* Monica Bellucci, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo
* Suze Rotolo
* Pier Paolo Pandolfi
* Tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Conservative Party na Burtaniya Iain Duncan Smith ya yi iƙirarin a cikin CV dinsa cewa ya kammala karatu a jami'ar amma, a zahiri, ya shafe ɗan gajeren lokaci yana karatu a [[Perugia]]&quot; id=&quot;mwARg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;University for Foreigners Perugia&quot;&gt;Jami'ar Baƙi a Perugia, inda bai kammala karatunsa ba kuma bai sami cancanta ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;newsnight2002&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=19 December 2002 |title=Newsnight reveals inaccuracies in Iain Duncan Smith's CV |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/12_december/19/newsnight_ids_cv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092356/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/12_december/19/newsnight_ids_cv.shtml |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=8 December 2009 |work=BBC Press Office Release}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa ==

* Orto Botanico dell'Università di Perugia, lambun tsire-tsire na jami'ar{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

== A cikin al'adun gargajiya ==
Fim din 1973 Torso, wani ''giallo'' wanda Sergio Martino ya jagoranta, wanda aka gane shi a matsayin daya daga cikin &quot;fim din firamare&quot; na farko, an saita shi a Jami'ar Perugia da wuraren da ke kewaye. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin jami'o'in Italiya
* Jerin jami'o'i na zamani
* [[Perugia]]

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
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    <title>Jirgin Sama na Georgian 834</title>
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A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2011, Jirgin Jirgin Sama na Georgia Airways Flight 834, jirgin fasinja na Bombardier CRJ100 na Georgian Airlines wanda ke aiki da jirgin cikin gida daga [[Kisangani]] zuwa [[Kinshasa]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), ya fadi yayin da yake ƙoƙarin sauka a Filin jirgin saman Kinshasa. Jirgin, wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta hayar, yana ƙoƙarin sauka a lokacin tsawa. Daga cikin mutane 33 da ke cikin jirgin, mutum daya ne kawai ya tsira. Lamarin ya kasance bala'in jirgin sama mafi muni a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aviation Safety Network - United Nations - UN |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4679 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=ASN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713032508/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4679 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, bala'in jirgin sama na uku mafi muni wanda ya shafi CRJ100/200, bayan Comair Flight 5191 da China Eastern Airlines Flight 5210 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident Canadair CL-600-2B19 Regional Jet CRJ-100ER 4L-GAE Kinshasa-N'Djili Airport (FIH) |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/types/Bombardier-CRJ100-200-440/index |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=2026-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613081545/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/types/Bombardier-CRJ100-200-440/index |archive-date=2024-06-13 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

gwamnatin DRC ta kafa kwamiti na bincike don bincika hadarin. Ya kammala cewa jirgin ya gamu da microburst bayan ya fara tafiya, wanda ya sa ya rasa tsawo da sauri. Kodayake radar na yanayin ma'aikatan ya nuna mummunan yanayin yanayi a kusa da filin jirgin sama, ma'aikatan ba su dakatar da jirgin su zuwa Kinshasa ba. Bayan asarar tsawo da sauri, ma'aikatan sun kasa dawo da jirgin saboda ƙananan tsawo.

== Jirgin sama ==
Jirgin ya kasance Bombardier CRJ100ER, wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin 4L-GAE &lt;ref name=&quot;ASN040411&quot; /&gt; tare da lambar serial na c / n 7070. A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2008, a karkashin yarjejeniyar haya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hayar jirgin sama don aikin [[MONUSCO]] a DRC.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASN040411&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=4L-GAE Accident description |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/321134 |access-date=4 April 2011 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hadari ==

=== Fitarwa ===
Jirgin 834 jirgin fasinja ne na cikin gida daga [[Kisangani]], babban birnin lardin Orientale, zuwa babban birnin kasar [[Kinshasa]], &lt;ref name=&quot;AFP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Au moins 16 morts dans l'accident d'un avion de l'ONU au RD Congo |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jLF33Ug1xF-frSrD0SXc4CZ1Hw1A?docId=CNG.ab85f08731c96814ed1d14e0951895ed.2c1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407112913/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jLF33Ug1xF-frSrD0SXc4CZ1Hw1A?docId=CNG.ab85f08731c96814ed1d14e0951895ed.2c1 |archive-date=7 April 2011 |access-date=4 April 2011 |publisher=AFP via Google |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda kamfanin jirgin saman Georgia, Georgian Airways ke sarrafawa. An gudanar da shi tare da Bombardier CRJ100ER, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hayar don ayyukanta a Kongo bayan barkewar rikice-rikice a yankin. Jirgin ya kasance yana aiki da Georgian Airways tun 2008. Da yake Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce ta hayar ta, an ba ta alamar kira &quot;UNO&quot;.: 5 

Jiragen saman Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kasance masu yawa a Kongo, suna faruwa fiye da daruruwan sau a mako a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyar sufuri a kasar; hanyar tashi ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a kasar. Ana amfani da jiragen da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke sarrafawa akai-akai don jigilar 'yan jarida da ma'aikatan kungiyoyi daban-daban masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 April 2011 |title=Death toll rises from UN plane crash in Kinshasa |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110405-dr-congo-death-toll-rises-un-plane-crash-kinshasa |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2011, an sanya jirgin sama don gudanar da jirgin daga Kisangani zuwa Kinshasa. A Kisangani, jimlar fasinjoji 29 sun shiga jirgin. Akwai ma'aikata huɗu, wadanda suka hada da Kyaftin Alexei Hovhanesyan, Jami'in Farko Suliko Tsutskiridze, mai kula da jirgin sama da injiniyan ƙasa. Dukkanin ma'aikatan 'yan kasar Georgia ne. An ruwaito kyaftin din dan kasar Georgia ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;RBK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 April 2011 |title=Грузинские пилоты погибли при крушении самолета в Конго |trans-title=Georgian pilots die in plane crash in Congo |url=https://www.rbc.ru/society/05/04/2011/5703e5bb9a79473c0df1c74c |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=RBK |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kyaftin din da matukin jirgi a cikin umurni shine Alexey Hovhanesyan mai shekaru 27, wanda ke da sa'o'i 2,811 na jirgin sama, ciki har da sa'a 1,622 a kan CRJ100 (sa'o'in 217 a matsayin kyaftin da 1,405 a matsayin jami'in farko). An ci gaba da shi zuwa kyaftin na CRJ100 kimanin watanni uku kafin hadarin. Jami'in farko shi ne Suliko Tsutskiridze mai shekaru 22, wanda ba shi da ƙwarewa fiye da Kyaftin Hovhaesyan, bayan ya yi sa'o'i 495 kawai, tare da 344 daga cikinsu a kan CRJ100.: 29 Sauran ma'aikatan an gano su ne ma'aikatan jirgin Guram Kepuladze da injiniyan ƙasa Albert Manukov .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Four Georgians Die in Congo Plane Crash |url=https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=23313 |access-date=19 May 2022 |publisher=CIvil.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Կոնգոյում կործանված վրացական ինքնաթիռի հրամանատարը հայ է |url=https://www.1in.am/15320.html |access-date=19 May 2022 |publisher=1in.am}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hasumiyoyin Punic-Roman a Malta</title>
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An gano ragowar '''hasumiyoyin Punic-Roman''' guda shida a '''Malta''' . Ana kyautata zaton an gina su ne yayin da [[Malta|tsibirin]] yake cikin Daular [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] ko ta Romawa . Tsarin gine-ginensu yana nuna asalin Punic na ƙarshen zamani,  kuma sun ci gaba da amfani da su a duk tsawon zamanin Romawa, har zuwa aƙalla ƙarni na 3 AD. Shaidu sun nuna cewa an yi amfani da hasumiyoyin don kare tsibirin. &lt;ref&gt;Sagona, Claudia (2015), 'Melita and Gaulos during the Punic Period, in [https://books.google.com/books?id=qR5TCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=persephone+mtarfa&amp;pg=PA230 &quot;The Archeology of Malta&quot;], Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|9781107006690}}, p. 239.&lt;/ref&gt; A bayyane yake cewa duk an gina hasumiyoyin ne a kan tuddai, a wurare na musamman, kuma suna iya sadarwa sosai da sigina daga juna.  Ana kuma samun irin waɗannan hasumiyai a kusa da [[Tunisiya]] tare da tsarin kariya iri ɗaya. A zamanin da, wasu mazauna yankin har yanzu suna zaune a cikin kogo, wasu kaɗan ne kuma ke zaune a gidajen gargajiya masu kama da [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] da ke kusa. 

Galibi ana ɗaukar cewa an gina hasumiyoyin ne a zamanin Punic kuma Romawa sun ƙawata su.  An gina gidaje na Romawa da Girkawa daga baya kuma gabaɗaya ba a kusa da hasumiyai ba, wanda ke nuna cewa a lokacin hasumiyoyin na iya rage mahimmancin su ta hanyar amfani da wasu tsarin soja kamar katangar Melite . Duk da haka, karo na ƙarshe da aka ƙone hasumiyai, don aika sigina, shine a ƙarni na uku na AD. Wasu hasumiyai, kamar Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda, an gina su ne da amfani da sake amfani da duwatsun da suka riga suka zama tarihi, kuma bayan lalata hasumiyai, lokacin da ba a sake gina su ba, an yi amfani da tarkacen don yin kaburbura da ganuwar tarkace a lokacin mulkin Larabawa. Har yanzu tushen ƙasan hasumiyai shida yana nan, a yanayi daban-daban, yayin da wasu abubuwa da aka samu a hasumiyai yanzu ana nuna su a gidajen tarihi. Wasu biyu kuma wataƙila an rusa su gaba ɗaya yayin gina titin jirgin saman Malta na ƙasa da ƙasa .

== Jerin hasumiyai ==
An gano wurare shida, duk a babban tsibirin Malta, a matsayin ragowar hasumiyai da aka gina ko dai a zamanin Punic ko Romawa. Waɗannan su ne: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Buhagiar |first=Keith |date=2007 |title=Baħrija: Its Archaeological Significance |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=361–362 |issn=1021-6952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416125607/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2007)4/01.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Sunan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wurin da yake
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Matsayi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ma'auni
|-
|{{Sort|Ghajn Klieb Tower|Għajn Klieb Tower}}
|{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}}
|
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|35|53|10.6|N|14|23|3.3|E}}
|-
|Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari (wanda aka fi sani da ''tal-Bakkari'') 
|{{Sort|Zurrieq|[[Żurrieq]]}}
|
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|35|49|10.1|N|14|29|46.2|E}}
|-
|{{Sort|Ta Cieda Tower|[[Ta' Ċieda Tower]]}}
|{{Sort|San Gwann|[[San Ġwann]]}}
|Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tushe ya kasance
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|35|54|26.6|N|14|28|48.1|E}}
|-
|{{Sort|Ta Gawhar Tower|[[Ta' Ġawhar Tower]]}}
|{{Sort|Safi|[[Safi, Malta|Safi]]}}
|Ya kasance har zuwa darussan bakwai
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|35|49|57.8|N|14|29|58.2|E}}
|-
|{{Sort|Ta Santi Tower|Tas-Santi Tower}}
|{{Sort|Rabat|[[Rabat, Malta|Rabat]]}}
|Wasu tubalan masonry sun kasance
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|35|53|50.3|N|14|21|26.6|E}}
|-
|{{Sort|Ta Wilga Tower|Ta' Wilġa Tower}} (wanda aka fi sani da ''Tat-Torrijiet'') 
|{{Sort|Mqabba|[[Mqabba]]}}
|Wani bangare na tushe ya kasance
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|35|50|59.2|N|14|27|34.5|E}}
|-
|}
Bugu da ƙari, masanin ilmin kayan tarihi David Trump ya ambaci ƙarin hasumiyai guda biyu, wanda ya kawo jimillar zuwa takwas. An rusa ragowar wasu hasumiyai ne domin a samar da hanyar shiga filin jirgin saman Malta . &lt;ref name=&quot;schoolnet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=It-Torrijiet Tondi Rumani |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008202158/http://schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/Torrijiet/torrijiet.htm |archive-date=8 October 2014 |website=schoolnet.gov.mt |language=Maltese}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=St. Julians - Malta's most creative DMC |url=http://mt.petiteevents.com/accomodation/st-julians/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Mt.petiteevents.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208200722/http://mt.petiteevents.com/accomodation/st-julians/ |archive-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba a gano wani hasumiyoyin Romawa a tsibirin Gozo na ƙanwar Malta ba, &lt;ref name=&quot;cieda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ta' Cieda Round Tower |url=http://www.sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122180014/http://sangwannmalta.org/cieda.htm |archive-date=22 November 2015 |website=San Ġwann Local Council}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma wasu abubuwan tarihi da aka gano a tsibirin wani lokacin ana kyautata zaton su ne ragowar hasumiyoyin. Duk da haka, tarkacen ba su isa su tantance ko hasumiyoyin Punic ne ko na Romawa ba, kuma kusan babu abin da aka sani game da su. &lt;ref name=&quot;civilisation&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Zammit |first=Vincent |date=1984 |title=Maltese Fortifications |journal=Civilization |location=[[Ħamrun]] |publisher=PEG Ltd |volume=1 |page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sami wani hasumiyar Punic a cikin lambun gidan firist na cocin Żurrieq . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Phoenician and Punic remains in Malta - The Malta Independent |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2014-03-23/news/phoenician-and-punic-remains-in-malta-4347265029/ |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Independent.com.mt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da {{Convert|5.5|m}} mai tsayi, kuma yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Ba kamar sauran hasumiyai ba, wannan yana da siffar murabba'i, kuma ana kyautata zaton wani ɓangare ne na babban gini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bonanno |first=Anthony |date=1980 |title=Quintinus and the location of the Temple of Hercules at Marsaxlokk |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |url-status=usurped |journal=Melita Historica |volume=8 |issue=3 |page=197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416152837/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.08(1980-83)/MH.8(1980)3/orig02.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;zurrieq&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archaeology |url=http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609080107/http://zurrieqlocalcouncil.com/archaeology/ |archive-date=9 June 2015 |website=Żurrieq Local Council}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Phoenician remains at Zurrieq |url=http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133348/http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=malta;id=2;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace%2Ewebring%2Ecom%2Fpeople%2Fiu%2Fum_1967%2Ftower%2Ehtml |archive-date=13 January 2016 |website=webring.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin gini, shekaru da kuma manufa ==
[[File:Ta_Cieda_Roman_Tower.jpeg|left|thumb| Rago na gindin Hasumiyar Ta' Ċieda a San Ġwann]]
Duk hasumiyai shida suna da siffar zagaye, kuma an gina su ne da manyan tubalan ashlar, irin waɗanda aka saba gani a zamanin baya na gine-ginen [[Tsohon Carthage|Punic]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;gawharnicpmi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Ta' Ġawhar Tower |url=http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528140134/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/00021.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2015 |website=National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sami rijiyoyi na dā a hasumiya na Ta'Ġawhar da Ta'Ċieda. &lt;ref name=&quot;cieda&quot; /&gt;

Ba a san ainihin shekarun da manufar hasumiyoyin ba. Duk da cewa wasu ka'idoji sun nuna cewa hasumiyoyin tarihi ne na zamanin da, ana kyautata zaton cewa sun samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin Punic, kamar yadda gine-ginensu da kuma tukwane da sauran kayan tarihi da aka gano a Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ġawhar suka tabbatar. An kuma gano wani kabari na mutanen Finikiya kusa da Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa. &lt;ref name=sagona2015/&gt;  Ana kyautata zaton an kona Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar sau biyu, da farko a lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Farko da kuma a kusan ƙarni na 3 na Miladiyya. An gano tsabar kuɗi tun daga shekara ta 35 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa da kuma ƙarni na 3 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa a Ta' Ġawhar, tare da ƙarfe da kuma 'yan kunne na zinariya. Wannan ya nuna cewa tabbas an yi amfani da hasumiyai a zamanin mulkin Romawa. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da dama game da manufar hasumiyoyin:

* A cewar Farfesa A. Bonanno, wataƙila mutanen Carthaginians ne suka gina hasumiyoyin a ƙarni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), don kare tsibirin daga harin Romawa a lokacin Yaƙin Punic . &lt;ref name=&quot;cieda&quot; /&gt;
* Wataƙila an gina su ne don gargaɗi ga sansanin sojojin birnin Melita game da wani maƙiyi da ke gabatowa, &lt;ref name=&quot;civilisation&quot; /&gt; amma wasu ba su yarda ba suna cewa wuraren da suke ba su da ma'ana a tsarin tsaro. &lt;ref name=&quot;gawharnicpmi&quot; /&gt;
* Wataƙila suna cikin ƙauyuka, kewaye da kuma kare wani babban matsuguni a yankin Żurrieq - Safi . 
* Wataƙila an gina su kusa da gidajen ƙauye don tsaron gonakin zaitun, amma ba a sami ragowar gidajen ƙauye a kusa da ɗaya daga cikin hasumiyoyin ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;cieda&quot; /&gt;
* A wani lokaci akwai gidaje sama da talatin na Romawa a yankunan karkara waɗanda yawancin ragowar an rushe su ne don gidaje na zamani yayin da wasu kuma aka yi watsi da su, aka binne su, wasu kuma suna da ƙarancin ragowar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Il |url=http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/WirtRuman/WirtRumanNOTI.htm |access-date=15 January 2018 |website=Schoolnet.gov.mt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609235724/http://www.schoolnet.gov.mt/history/wirt/Rumani/WirtRuman/WirtRumanNOTI.htm |archive-date=9 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Wataƙila an gina su ne don kare Malta daga harin da mutanen Heruli suka kai musu. &lt;ref name=&quot;civilisation&quot; /&gt;

Ana kyautata zaton an yi watsi da hasumiyoyin a kusan karni na 3 na AD. &lt;ref name=&quot;gawharnicpmi&quot; /&gt;

== Ilimin kayan tarihi ==
Ma'aikatar Gidajen Tarihi ta haƙa Hasumiyar Ta' Wilġa a shekarar 1910.  An gano Hasumiyar Tal-Baqqari a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1920, amma ba a taɓa haƙa ta yadda ya kamata ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;zurrieq&quot; /&gt; Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Burtaniya David Trump ne ya binciki Ta'Ġawhar da Ta' Ċieda Towers a 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;cieda&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;gawharnicpmi&quot; /&gt;

An saka hasumiyoyin Ta' Wilġa da Ta' Ċieda a cikin Jerin Kayan Tarihi na 1925. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939. |url=https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419101304/https://www.mepa.org.mt/file.aspx?f=2627 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |website=[[Malta Environment and Planning Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar wadda ta fi kyau a kiyaye ta daga cikin hasumiyoyin shida ita ce Hasumiyar Ta' Ġawhar, wacce wasu sassanta suka rayu har zuwa layuka bakwai. An jera wannan hasumiya a cikin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Al'adu na Tsibiran Malta . &lt;ref name=&quot;gawharnicpmi&quot; /&gt;

== Wasu hasumiyai masu yiwuwar asalin Romawa ==
[[File:Xlejli_Tower_at_Palazzo_Dorell.jpeg|thumb| Hasumiyar Xlejli, wadda wataƙila asalin Romawa ne]]
Hasumiyar Xlejli da ke Gudja, wadda har yanzu tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga Romawa. A cewar masanin tarihi {{Interlanguage link|Louis de Boisgelin|fr|Pierre-Marie-Louis de Boisgelin de Kerdu}}, an sami wani akwati cike da lambobin tagulla na Romawa a hasumiyar, kuma siffarta mai zagaye ta sa ta yi kama da sauran hasumiyoyin Romawa a Malta. Duk da haka, a cewar wasu majiyoyi, an gina hasumiyar a ƙarni na 12 ko 13 na Miladiyya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Jimmy |date=7 October 2014 |title=Xlejli Tower, Bettina Palace |url=http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226013407/http://lecrac.blogspot.com.mt/2014/10/xlejli-tower-bettina-palace.html |archive-date=26 December 2015 |website=Le Crac}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙarin karatu ==

* Luttrell, Anthony, &quot;Malta Before 870: Some Libyan Connections&quot;, shafi na 10.&amp;nbsp;127–33.
* [https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/41143/1/Maltese%20fortifcations.pdf Katangar Maltese]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Ikot Eyo</title>
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'''Ikot Eyo''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Ikot Eyd''', ƙauye ne mai yawan jama'a da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Nsit-Ubium|Nsit Ubium]], a jihar [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ikot Eyo St., Calabar - Postcode - 540222 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/cross-river-calabar-state-housing-estate-ikot-eyo-st.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ikot Eyo yana kusa da ƙauyen Ikot Edikpe da garin Ikot Edibon. An kiyasta tsayin yankin Ikot Eyo daga matakin teku ya haura mita 40 (ƙafa 131).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ikot Eyo |url=https://ng.geoview.info/ikot_eyo,2338063 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=geoview.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai otal-otal a Ikot Eyo, ciki har da True Value Hotel, Roseeboom Suites and Restaurant, Pejess Hotel, Passion Hotels and Suites da Paulveen Hotels.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ikot Eyo, Nigeria |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2338063-place-ikot-eyo.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Places in the World}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Ƙauyuka a jihar Akwa Ibom]]
[[Category:Wuraren da jama'a ke zaune a jihar Akwa Ibom]]

{{Nigeria-geo-stub}}</text>
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		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>7bbr41mhcmnhwwbn92nfj4ys4slg5xn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970883</id>
      <parentid>970881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:24:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970883</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="2442" sha1="nueyirrkrv9mk3kgg5olt8k4k2mmunq" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>nueyirrkrv9mk3kgg5olt8k4k2mmunq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970885</id>
      <parentid>970883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:28:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tambudaura</username>
        <id>48240</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970885</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="3319" sha1="p6buj7zgy6lv3bakaz8n1mmle9jpq3b" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>p6buj7zgy6lv3bakaz8n1mmle9jpq3b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970888</id>
      <parentid>970885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:30:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Royal Abdul</username>
        <id>22632</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970888</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="3738" sha1="h4f8tutxqt26crmo3jejjylqm86ffe5" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>h4f8tutxqt26crmo3jejjylqm86ffe5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970897</id>
      <parentid>970888</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:48:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Staralliy</username>
        <id>28180</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970897</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="4082" sha1="lp4eajflvbt7fa41ttzhcwtpeaul5xt" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>lp4eajflvbt7fa41ttzhcwtpeaul5xt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970898</id>
      <parentid>970897</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:48:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdurra'uf</username>
        <id>23412</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970898</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="4626" sha1="47ang8i4lk724uki0iz1gc2mmqh7l5r" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>47ang8i4lk724uki0iz1gc2mmqh7l5r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970899</id>
      <parentid>970898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:48:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Musafuntua2</username>
        <id>14630</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970899</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="5112" sha1="pc5tc4a3yup69l1ibnr1jolzsg8p8fw" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>pc5tc4a3yup69l1ibnr1jolzsg8p8fw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970908</id>
      <parentid>970899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:57:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DAN KANSILA 3323</username>
        <id>48576</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970908</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="5507" sha1="knbrasekf6yxm6to9rwpj9yabl9n3qy" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>knbrasekf6yxm6to9rwpj9yabl9n3qy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970912</id>
      <parentid>970908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T13:16:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maiakwai4u</username>
        <id>37986</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970912</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="6104" sha1="bft7xglo1s85q4xhhva13kq9rh6vgou" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>bft7xglo1s85q4xhhva13kq9rh6vgou</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970913</id>
      <parentid>970912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T13:18:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dev ammar</username>
        <id>21046</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970913</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="6472" sha1="1pi2r9gjdu9bp9xrddb2ul6tsu99zyz" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>1pi2r9gjdu9bp9xrddb2ul6tsu99zyz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970920</id>
      <parentid>970913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T13:35:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Salma Raddah</username>
        <id>45959</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970920</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="6838" sha1="2izpt6xwr91319rdsk931u48ms2x42y" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>2izpt6xwr91319rdsk931u48ms2x42y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970924</id>
      <parentid>970920</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T13:56:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970924</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="7201" sha1="nnkg4vd063imoycprx8ah6fu1jj0ucg" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>nnkg4vd063imoycprx8ah6fu1jj0ucg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970926</id>
      <parentid>970924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:10:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970926</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="7662" sha1="m5a5311y6znfq4ma0i86k42dhuq6h0z" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>m5a5311y6znfq4ma0i86k42dhuq6h0z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970930</id>
      <parentid>970926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:31:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mustysummy</username>
        <id>21281</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970930</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="8491" sha1="rheia4egkthnsapr8c1vbmbr60a4nj8" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>rheia4egkthnsapr8c1vbmbr60a4nj8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970931</id>
      <parentid>970930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:35:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar-askira</username>
        <id>12577</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970931</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="9018" sha1="nq8mrg0rvzp07xuu5itk2ol2o8hc7im" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970932</id>
      <parentid>970931</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:44:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hauwa-jiddert</username>
        <id>45632</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970932</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="9425" sha1="etyh6g6lfy9gpzj3b44id00joxr7uvv" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970934</id>
      <parentid>970932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:59:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GideonEkam</username>
        <id>39557</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970934</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="9875" sha1="68a6fojd0w4xbowemkdttnhp6nrpxyk" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>68a6fojd0w4xbowemkdttnhp6nrpxyk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970935</id>
      <parentid>970934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:02:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Matar Nasir</username>
        <id>45916</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970935</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="10203" sha1="gtdddx9x8lgp8f6dpunntzjuesse6ot" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970936</id>
      <parentid>970935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:05:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdulwahabameenu</username>
        <id>23926</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970936</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="10687" sha1="qhoinh6n9rt6xpatxlm10ed5ic65bac" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970937</id>
      <parentid>970936</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:12:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MuhammadLawanMD</username>
        <id>50390</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970937</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="11097" sha1="c5ei9c8t9kkp9usrwt2z67kiyv13umt" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970940</id>
      <parentid>970937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:24:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hauwa'u lawal ardo</username>
        <id>27936</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970940</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="11455" sha1="j89mqhork81ir48uueue9p85b2cuq9f" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970942</id>
      <parentid>970940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:30:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970942</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="11930" sha1="hihy6q7ldqie2mkl3upclkg6yu1oux4" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970943</id>
      <parentid>970942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:31:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Arcdanumma047</username>
        <id>38699</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970943</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="12396" sha1="68nb80bj0sffs0poll1weggeuuwb08w" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970951</id>
      <parentid>970943</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:44:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummun Sultan</username>
        <id>23935</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970951</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="12839" sha1="tsfw1mho4if1lqilr1m6eedi7x5nwgn" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>tsfw1mho4if1lqilr1m6eedi7x5nwgn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970954</id>
      <parentid>970951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:48:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman</username>
        <id>21300</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970954</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="13221" sha1="tpofzu8ikhthzmhma1ovywro959zxx9" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>tpofzu8ikhthzmhma1ovywro959zxx9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970956</id>
      <parentid>970954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:54:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bilkisu bala usman</username>
        <id>37057</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970956</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="13575" sha1="rtcjv6cio0ahdrvb3blb43tqk1595sp" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970964</id>
      <parentid>970956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T16:27:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jarmoknantok</username>
        <id>50392</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="14551" sha1="2r67c5r8zxfna5ebqk9kas2bj4awnqs" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970967</id>
      <parentid>970964</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T16:40:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Beehra</username>
        <id>15944</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
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      <text bytes="15018" sha1="92goqc70c3invraxr6b8r3p1a9weitb" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970968</id>
      <parentid>970967</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T16:50:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
        <id>48635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="15435" sha1="t445l0xl1isifevwsjawe0ph5fi5wkn" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970969</id>
      <parentid>970968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T16:50:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Usman saadu</username>
        <id>46863</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Apply</comment>
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      <text bytes="15806" sha1="qyenqcahip02nwcbc060g0t3oobpipx" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970976</id>
      <parentid>970969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:07:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu</username>
        <id>14681</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970976</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="16248" sha1="r6ehs3iu340dmnbafoi1j1y37uy2nlw" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970987</id>
      <parentid>970976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:44:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nassmart1</username>
        <id>28235</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>970987</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="16654" sha1="ofjqxoix44isfus2cw40pxjtylpt2zb" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971022</id>
      <parentid>970987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:32:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nafisat basiru</username>
        <id>46234</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971022</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="17040" sha1="dpodum69v5gp71mulfx9fvxkubo83h6" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971025</id>
      <parentid>971022</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:40:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Musty Aminu</username>
        <id>46865</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971025</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="17388" sha1="pgtsp1kksxmcj9yzqmf26n9g4szqc5s" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971027</id>
      <parentid>971025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Almustapha bk</username>
        <id>49060</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971027</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="17720" sha1="ln1pejmstmha8kvdyk4658tk60nd55d" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971028</id>
      <parentid>971027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:59:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nura Bello</username>
        <id>24854</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971028</origin>
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      <text bytes="18127" sha1="8pp8mfpmnmp6j3ufkjmlbnumicjrcec" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971056</id>
      <parentid>971028</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:19:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>D son203</username>
        <id>45710</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971056</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="19201" sha1="dfgbtp98zpozue2qwqvmi61sctvgbe1" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971112</id>
      <parentid>971056</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:53:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
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      <text bytes="19703" sha1="tw7x6v6zmejp8izow3kot3rcevamr0b" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971140</id>
      <parentid>971112</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:06:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abusule dankofa</username>
        <id>24259</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971140</origin>
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      <text bytes="20092" sha1="tgn63vr812z3iwdqb27mz1rhhl496nf" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24259&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abusule dankofa&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli.\ndomin insamu damar sayen datar dazan dinga aiki da ita kodan gujema tsayawar editing dina da gyaran mukaloli.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971272</id>
      <parentid>971140</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T07:21:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Hauwa Hamisu</username>
        <id>48089</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971272</origin>
      <model>json</model>
      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="20440" sha1="icymkdx5v2hpgdtwxbsy8rhvpon80kl" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24259&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abusule dankofa&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli.\ndomin insamu damar sayen datar dazan dinga aiki da ita kodan gujema tsayawar editing dina da gyaran mukaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48089&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa Hamisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin Hakan zai taimaka min wajen cigaban aiki na na wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia Hausa, \nTabbas Hakan zai taimaka wa mambobin wannan gida zasuji kwarin gwiwar aiki tukuru babu dare babu rana.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971274</id>
      <parentid>971272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T07:43:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Murtala Abubakar Sokoto</username>
        <id>45981</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971274</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="20844" sha1="7t801vpg3g3vz0wyg2qv5otzn67ogff" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24259&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abusule dankofa&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli.\ndomin insamu damar sayen datar dazan dinga aiki da ita kodan gujema tsayawar editing dina da gyaran mukaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48089&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa Hamisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin Hakan zai taimaka min wajen cigaban aiki na na wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia Hausa, \nTabbas Hakan zai taimaka wa mambobin wannan gida zasuji kwarin gwiwar aiki tukuru babu dare babu rana.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45981&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Murtala Abubakar Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin ne domin cigaba da fassarar mukalolin da wannan shafin ke sakawa musamman na turanci, tare da yin gyare gyare a wannan shafi na Wikipedia Hausa na mukaloli. Hakan zai bani  kwarin gwiwar cigaba da wannan aiki a kowane lokaci nagode.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971288</id>
      <parentid>971274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Baffa ali</username>
        <id>47435</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971288</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="21180" sha1="oh69qb0j8f3x5z484mh6qs99pyswmrw" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24259&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abusule dankofa&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli.\ndomin insamu damar sayen datar dazan dinga aiki da ita kodan gujema tsayawar editing dina da gyaran mukaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48089&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa Hamisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin Hakan zai taimaka min wajen cigaban aiki na na wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia Hausa, \nTabbas Hakan zai taimaka wa mambobin wannan gida zasuji kwarin gwiwar aiki tukuru babu dare babu rana.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45981&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Murtala Abubakar Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin ne domin cigaba da fassarar mukalolin da wannan shafin ke sakawa musamman na turanci, tare da yin gyare gyare a wannan shafi na Wikipedia Hausa na mukaloli. Hakan zai bani  kwarin gwiwar cigaba da wannan aiki a kowane lokaci nagode.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u47435&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Baffa ali&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin intanet(data) ne soboda na cigaba da bawa Wikipedia ta harshen hausa (ha.wikipedia) gudunmawa yadda ya kamata  sannan  kuma mucigaba  da bunƙasata  sauran manhajojin Wikipedia ta harshen hausa.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971345</id>
      <parentid>971288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T11:00:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirjat</username>
        <id>20447</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971345</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="21622" sha1="mxbydba2xujpkx6qpttc1ppe2c5ck3c" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24259&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abusule dankofa&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli.\ndomin insamu damar sayen datar dazan dinga aiki da ita kodan gujema tsayawar editing dina da gyaran mukaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48089&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa Hamisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin Hakan zai taimaka min wajen cigaban aiki na na wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia Hausa, \nTabbas Hakan zai taimaka wa mambobin wannan gida zasuji kwarin gwiwar aiki tukuru babu dare babu rana.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45981&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Murtala Abubakar Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin ne domin cigaba da fassarar mukalolin da wannan shafin ke sakawa musamman na turanci, tare da yin gyare gyare a wannan shafi na Wikipedia Hausa na mukaloli. Hakan zai bani  kwarin gwiwar cigaba da wannan aiki a kowane lokaci nagode.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u47435&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Baffa ali&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin intanet(data) ne soboda na cigaba da bawa Wikipedia ta harshen hausa (ha.wikipedia) gudunmawa yadda ya kamata  sannan  kuma mucigaba  da bunƙasata  sauran manhajojin Wikipedia ta harshen hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u20447&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sirjat&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na Data Support ne domin ina son ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ta a Hausa Wikipedia. A matsayina na edita, ina ƙirƙira da gyara muƙaloli domin in taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa. Wannan tallafi zai ba ni damar ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ta Don haka nake son neman wannan tallafin.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971346</id>
      <parentid>971345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T11:02:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Santa MMD</username>
        <id>23886</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Apply</comment>
      <origin>971346</origin>
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      <format>application/json</format>
      <text bytes="22061" sha1="1hveh22focvnhkpooe9w1va7t2f2o99" xml:space="preserve">{
	&quot;u30120&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;EUwandu-WMF&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Imo&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-16&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;This is just a faux application to test the Widget workflow in line with my discussion with Ammar.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u32668&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhdavdullahi&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data domin hakan zai taimaka man wajen cigaba da bada kirkira da Kuma gyara a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia ba tare da fargabar yankewa ki karewar data ba.\nKuma rashin Shiga cikin masu nasarar samun wannan tallafi ba zai sareman gwiwa ba gurin cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba. Zanci gaba da bada guddumu ba dare ba rana kamar yanda na saba. Na gode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28682&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Khalifah123&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to research important topics, learn new things, and access educational materials on Wikipedia to improve my academic performance and my knowledge. It will also help me develop my research skills, increase my knowledge, and make better use of online educational resources. This support will go a long way in helping me achieve my academic goals and become a more knowledgeable and informed person. I will sincerely appreciate any assistance provided.thank you&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45571&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Rahama Buhari Sani&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman taimakon data support  saboda gudanar da aiki acikin wikipedia, kuma ina bada gudummuwa gurin fassara mukaloli don in kara ilimi akai ina godiya da wannann taimakon da ake mana na data support. Da fatan za'a amshin taimakon mu nagode sosai&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39275&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sardeeq&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Wikipedia articles, and participate in online activities, especially creating free knowledge in Hausa and other wikimedia activities where i have knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24821&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ashiru Lawal&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Am requesting internet data support to enable me to continue my voluntary contributions as a Wikipedia editor, including creating, editing, and improving articles to promote free access to knowledge. Your support will be highly appreciated.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48240&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Tambudaura&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu.\n\nIna miƙa wannan saƙo ne domin neman tallafin ku na tsawon mako guda. Ina roƙon duk masu hali da masu kishin taimakon jama'a da su taimaka da abin da Allah Ya hore musu, domin biyan buƙatar da nake fuskanta.\n\nIna da yakinin cewa duk wanda ya taimaka gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, Allah zai saka masa da mafificin alheri. Ba girman abin da mutum ya bayar ne ya fi muhimmanci ba, sai dai niyya da taimako bisa ga hali.\n\nIna roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya saka wa duk wanda ya bayar da tallafi, Ya yalwata arzikinsa, Ya ba shi lafiya da albarka a rayuwarsa, Ya kuma sanya taimakon ya zama sanadin samun lada a duniya da lahira.\n\nAllah Ya saka da alheri. Amin.\n\nNa gode da kulawarku da taimakonku.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u22632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Royal Abdul&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Saboda in cigaba da bada gudummuwar Editin a wikimedia da sauran al amuran da suka shafi fassara yaren hausa, sannan kuma tallafin zai karaman kwarin gwuiwar yin editin a kowane lokaci, kuma hakan zaisa inzaman gwarzon wannan shekara da yafi kowa bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta wikimedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28180&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Staralliy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support to carry out Wikipedia editing contributions effectively, research reliable sources, verify information, and improve the accuracy and quality of articles for readers. And also upload quality photos.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23412&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdurra'uf&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am requesting data support to facilitate my participation in Wikimedia activities, including editing, content creation, and community engagement. Reliable internet access will enable me to contribute consistently to Wikimedia projects, improve Hausa-language content, and promote free knowledge. I am committed to using the support responsibly to make meaningful contributions to the Wikimedia community. Thank you.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14630&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musafuntua2&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa\n\nIna bukatar tallafin data don inganta, da smun sau lki wajen editing a Wikipedia hausa, domin wannan hanyar za ta taimaka man yin wallafa ko gyara a wannan dandali na wiki hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48576&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;DAN KANSILA 3323&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun gudummawa daga Wikipedia domin cigaban wannan manhajar dake bada ilimi kyauta domin nima in zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suke editin mai kyau wajen ganin cigaban jama'a akan ilimin dake cikin wannan manhajar ta Wikipedia&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37986&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maiakwai4u&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I Buhari form sokoto seeking data support for internet access to further my educational contributions to Wikipedia. \n\nThis support will also serve as an encouragement for me to remain committed to my voluntary work as a Wikipedia editor that is creating, editing, translating, and improving articles to promote access to free knowledge, support language development, and foster digital literacy in Northern Nigeria and beyond.\n\nI am very grateful for this assistance.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21046&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Dev ammar&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina bukatar wannan tallafin domin kara kwazo wajen neman bayanai da Nassoshi a wajen rubuta mukaloli, kasancewar hakan na shan data sosai kuma data tayi tsada. Samun tallafin zai taimaka sosai wajen bada gudummuwa yadda ya kamata a Wikipedia.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45959&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Salma Raddah&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a student and Wikimedia contributor. Data support will help me research, edit, and write Hausa Wikipedia articles consistently. It will reduce the burden of internet costs and enable me to contribute more actively to free knowledge.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u31123&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nnamadee&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda zai kara mani kwarin guiwa sosai wajen bada gudummuwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli, gyara muƙala da ta gabata da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata a matsayina na mai gudanarwa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45962&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Yakubu manya&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne duba da yanayi na tsadar rayuwa. Kuma dan in samu sauki gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da lumina. Duba yadda ake fama da tsadar data a wannan kasa tamu Najeriya. Datar da zakayi aiki tayi tsada matuka. Don haka ne nake naman tallafi don in gudanar da wannan aiki cikin sauki da kwanciyar hankali ngd.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21281&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Mustysummy&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar  ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\n\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli. Haka kuma, ina da burin ƙarfafa ma masu sha’awa a Katsina su shiga aikin, su koyi yadda ake bayar da gudummawa mai inganci, da gina sabbin shuwagabanni.\n\nNa yi imanin cewa wannan zai taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin bayanai a Hausa a intanet, ƙara yawan bayanan da al’umma za su amfani da su, da tabbatar da dorewar gudummawar Wikimedia Hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12577&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Umar-askira&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa ayyukan gyarawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin maƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen inganta inganci da yawan bayanan Hausa a intanet, tare da bunƙasa ilimi da ƙarfafa al’umma wajen amfani da Wikipedia a matsayin tushen ilimi kyauta. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara ƙarfafa gudummawata wajen haɓaka harshen Hausa a duniyar dijital.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45632&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa-jiddert&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin data domin sauƙaƙa gudanar da ayyukan gyara, ƙirƙira da inganta muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa, ƙara yawan masu bayar da gudummawa, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga al’ummar Hausawa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u39557&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;GideonEkam&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Cross River&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need data support so that it can enable me contribute to Wikimedia projects (e.g. editing) and also to learn and improve my skills in editing Wikipedia articles, wikidata, wiki commons and also to continue publicity in Wikimedia awareness in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Ebonyi State which I have already started.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45916&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Matar Nasir&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina Neman tallafin data ne saboda bunkasa rubutu ko gyaregyere a man hajjar wikipedia.domin inganta yaren mu na Hausa da Kuma saukake ma yanuwanmu Hausa samu bayanai ko illimomi cikin sauki a harshensu&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23926&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulwahabameenu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafi domin inganta gudummawa ga Wikipedia ta Hausa da bunƙasa ilimi a harshen Hausa. Ina Sha’awar ƙara ingantattun bayanai kan tarihin al’ummarmu, al’adu, da ilimi da ke da ƙarancin bayani a yanar gizo.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin wajen biyan kuɗin intanet, gudanar da bincike, tattara bayanai, da ƙirƙira ko inganta muƙaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50390&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;MuhammadLawanMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman Internet DAta support ne domin na samu damar da zan kara yin edits da wasu activities ba tare da barriers na connectivity ba, wanda yake kasancewa kalubale mai girma ga marubuta da ma makaranta a gabobi masu mahimmanci na aiwatar da aiyukansu a cikin tsanaki da natsuwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u27936&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa'u lawal ardo&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Enah neman wanan data support, din ne domin nasamu kudin siyan data don nacigaba da bada nawa gudumuwar a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikipedia baki daya,\nIn sha Allah na tabbatar wanan kudin zasu samin ƙwarin gwiwa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15878&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Muhammad Idriss Criteria&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Yobe&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for the Hausa Wikipedia Data Support Program to help me continue creating and improving articles on Hausa Wikipedia. Due to the cost of internet data, consistent editing can be challenging. This support will enable me to contribute more effectively to Hausa Wikipedia and make knowledge accessible to Hausa-speaking people.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u38699&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Arcdanumma047&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am applying for data support because reliable internet access is essential for my participation in Wikipedia activities. This support would help me contribute more consistently by editing articles, improving existing content, adding well-sourced information, and helping make knowledge freely accessible to Hausa-speaking communities.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23935&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Ummun Sultan&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin data da zai ƙara min kwarin gwiwar yin editing na makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen bada gudunmawa sosai biye da yadda nake badawa a yanzun, ina fatan na samu domin kara kaimi da yawan editing da nakeyi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u21300&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Maryam Gambo Abdurrahman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I need the data support to boost my editing skills and make me do research to contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia,by writing and editing more articles related to Hausa food,attire and businesses,with the data support I will be able to do more.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u37057&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Bilkisu bala usman&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support saboda gudanar da aiki a cikin Wikipedia saboda Ina so Amma rashin data yasa bana samu, Ina so fassara mukaloli don Kara ilimi akai Ina godiya sosai da taimakon Wikipedia Baki daya.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u50392&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jarmoknantok&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;I am a newbie who is eager to do more online but access to the internet has always been a challenge data availability because with smaller subscription plans i still struggle with connectivity and have always been a huge challenge because I will have to end up spending more to go on Youtube to watch more videos, join Zoom meetings and access the materials both voicenotes and PDFs. My new contributions have to be well sourced, accurate and useful and the wikimedia best practice must eat up your small data service and you may easily get discouraged. However, With more data subscription at no cost it will help me do alot for myself and the community in improving the time I will spend editing articles and carrying out basic concepts and building my general portfolio and capacity within the wikimedia community. Thank you for the opportunity&quot;
	},
	&quot;u15944&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Beehra&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Bauchi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Assalamualaikum. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data Support ne saboda na ƙara samun damar ci-gaba da ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai ƙara min ƙwarin guiwa wajen cigaba da jajircewa wajen yin gyare-gyaren muƙalolin da basu da inganci da kuma samar da waɗannan babu. ina fatan samun wannan tallafi&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48635&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Jafar Shamsu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin zai taimaka min ta hanyoyi da dama kuma saimun tallafin zaisa na bunkasa yawan gyararraki da kirkirar sabbin makaloli a shafukan hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin zai bani kwarin gwiwar cigaba da gyararraki da fassarar sabbin makaloli. Nagode&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46863&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Usman saadu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Inna neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin zaiƙaramin ƙharin ghiwa domin fada,da Wikipedia Hausa saboda Ni sabon editing ne dakuma samin ƙarin articul dayawa domin kawo abubuwa masu ma,ana ga al,umma da ƙara fada,da Wikipedia Hausa&quot;
	},
	&quot;u14681&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Plateau&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen ganin nayi editing da yawa saboda ina samun damar yin editing sosai idan na samu tallafin nan saboda zan siya isassar data da zanyi editing a duk lokacin da nake so dan haka ina neman wannan tallafin dan na samu kudin data rinka editing a kowane lokaci&quot;
	},
	&quot;u28235&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nassmart1&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46234&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nafisat basiru&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina rukun wannan kungiya da ta tallafa mana a matsayinmu na yan gungiya taimakunta a garemu yana da mahimmanci dari bisa dari tare da karfafa mana akan cigaba da aiyukanmu saboda yanayi na rayuwa wani lokaci mutum yana son yin aiki amma babu halin yin haka .&quot;
	},
	&quot;u46865&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Musty Aminu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;ina neman tallafin domin bukatar wnan tallafin na wiki data,asbida zan rinka wallafawa da Kuma Dara bayanai da gyare gyrae Koh edit daku na rubutu a ƙafar Wikipedia \ndasauran so inshallah Fatan Alheri\nWikipedia.ha.org&quot;
	},
	&quot;u49060&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Almustapha bk&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin domin samun damar yin aiki da kuma bada gudummuwa. A matsayi na na sabon edita, wannan tallafi na data zai taimaka mani inyi aiki ba tare da fargaba ta yankewar data ba.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24854&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Nura Bello&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Zamfara&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar kara jajircewa fiye da da wajen yin aiki domin wannan tsadar data da ake fama da shi. Ina fatan zani samu.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45710&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;D son203&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Good evening, sir/ma. I hope you are doing well. Please, I would like to make a humble request, and I sincerely hope you will understand my situation.\n\nI am reaching out to ask for your kind support with mobile data. I would be very grateful if you could assist me with a data subscription, no matter how small it may be. Your support would mean a lot to me and help me with my communication and other important activities.\n\nI understand that everyone has their own responsibilities, and I do not take your kindness or consideration for granted. I am asking with respect and a sincere heart, hoping that you may find it in your heart to help me.\n\nPlease, I will truly appreciate your kindness and support. May God bless you, provide for you, and reward you abundantly for every good thing you do for others.\n\nThank you very much for your time, understanding, and consideration. I sincerely appreciate you. \nFrom D_son203 Abdullah ishaq 🙏&quot;
	},
	&quot;u12586&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;BnHamid&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Rashin bayar da gudummawa a yan kwanakin nan na da alaƙa da samun lokacin bayar da gudummawa da ma kalubale na rashin DATA a wasu lokutan da mu ke son bayar da gudummawa. Dalilin neman wannan tallafi na DATA support, don cigaba da bayar da gudummawa batare da fargabar rashin data ba a lokacin da ni ke free don bayar da tawa gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran projects.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u24259&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Abusule dankofa&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Katsina&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-24&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na data domin ya kara taimaka min wajen kara ƙaimi da ƙwazo wajen bada gudummawa ta ƙirƙira da kuma gyara muƙaloli.\ndomin insamu damar sayen datar dazan dinga aiki da ita kodan gujema tsayawar editing dina da gyaran mukaloli.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u48089&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Hauwa Hamisu&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kaduna&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin Hakan zai taimaka min wajen cigaban aiki na na wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia Hausa, \nTabbas Hakan zai taimaka wa mambobin wannan gida zasuji kwarin gwiwar aiki tukuru babu dare babu rana.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u45981&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Murtala Abubakar Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Sokoto&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan wannan tallafin ne domin cigaba da fassarar mukalolin da wannan shafin ke sakawa musamman na turanci, tare da yin gyare gyare a wannan shafi na Wikipedia Hausa na mukaloli. Hakan zai bani  kwarin gwiwar cigaba da wannan aiki a kowane lokaci nagode.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u47435&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Baffa ali&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kano&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman tallafin intanet(data) ne soboda na cigaba da bawa Wikipedia ta harshen hausa (ha.wikipedia) gudunmawa yadda ya kamata  sannan  kuma mucigaba  da bunƙasata  sauran manhajojin Wikipedia ta harshen hausa.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u20447&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Sirjat&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Jigawa&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina neman wannan tallafin na Data Support ne domin ina son ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ta a Hausa Wikipedia. A matsayina na edita, ina ƙirƙira da gyara muƙaloli domin in taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin harshen Hausa. Wannan tallafi zai ba ni damar ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ta Don haka nake son neman wannan tallafin.&quot;
	},
	&quot;u23886&quot;: {
		&quot;username&quot;: &quot;Santa MMD&quot;,
		&quot;state&quot;: &quot;Kebbi&quot;,
		&quot;status&quot;: &quot;pending&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;: &quot;2026-10-25&quot;,
		&quot;text&quot;: &quot;Ina son neman wannan tallafin na Data Support ne saboda ina ɗaya daga cikin editocin da suke ba da gudummawa ga Hausa Wikipedia, kuma ina son ci gaba da wannan aiki. Wannan zai ƙara mini ƙarfin gwiwa wajen ci gaba da bada gudummawa ta ga al'ummar Hausawa, kuma zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia. Nagode.&quot;
	}
}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adebisi Akanji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179382</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971006</id>
      <parentid>968264</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:10:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hanyoyin haɗin waje */</comment>
      <origin>971006</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3503" sha1="bt50f84veq0aiha8chc07lgleu80cs3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Adebisi Akanji''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Adebisi Akanji.wav|Saurara|help=no}} daga (1935–2023) ɗan fasaha ne ɗan [[Najeriya]], sannan kuma shi ne Olúwo (babban firist na Ògbóni) na Ilédì Lárọ̀ Ohùntótó, wato babban wurin taron ƙungiyar Ògbóni Ìbílẹ̀ a [[Osogbo]], babban birnin [[Jihar Osun]], Najeriya.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
A farkon rayuwarsa, ya yi aikin [[tubali|gina gine-gine]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/2000-01/23/003r-012300-idx.html |title=Nigeria's 'Concrete' Achievements |author=Jo Ann Lewis |date=23 January 2000 |page=G01 | work=Special to The Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=2030&amp;table=artists |title=Adebisi Akanji |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=7 July 2015 |quote= |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710010625/http://new.diaspora-artists.net/display_item.php?id=2030&amp;table=artists |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara ƙirƙirar sassaka ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na gasar sassaka dabbobi daga siminti, bisa tsarin gine-ginen gargajiya da ake samu a gidajen al'adun [[Yoruba culture|Yoruba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/oshogbo/akanji_B.htm |title=Adebisi Akanji |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=6 July 2015 |quote=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Akanji ya fi shahara saboda ƙirƙirar allunan siminti masu ramuka da sauran ayyukan sassaka. Ya kuma yi ayyukan ƙera kayayyakin yadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; Ayyukansa sukan bayyana jigogi daga tatsuniyoyi da al'adun gargajiya na mutanen [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]].

Tare da haɗin gwiwar [[Susanne Wenger]], ya shafe shekaru goma yana aiki a wurin ibadar [[Oshun|Osun]] da ke [[Osogbo]], Najeriya, kuma shi ne ya ƙirƙiri da dama daga cikin sassaken da ke wannan wurin ibada.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.susannewenger-aot.org/media/press-release-august-2015/ |title=Official Opening of the Arch of the Flying Tortoise, Osun-Osogbo, Aug. 2015 on susannewenger-aot.org |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710010608/http://www.susannewenger-aot.org/media/press-release-august-2015/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Adebisi Akanji - Artistic Genius and Co-Creator |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/adebisi-akanji-artistic-genius-and-co-creator/vAWBDJDfnxp6uA |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=Google Arts &amp; Culture |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma yi amfani da alkalami da tawada wajen zane, da kuma fenti na mai wajen ƙirƙirar zane-zanen fasaha masu girma biyu, waɗanda suka samo asali daga al'adunsa da asalin ƙabilarsa.

[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een cementen sculptuur van Adebisi Akanji bij de ingang tot het huis van Susanne Wenger TMnr 20014554.jpg|thumb|Wani sassaken siminti da Adebisi Akanji ya ƙirƙira a ƙofar gidan Susanne Wenger.]]

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==
{{Commons category}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akanji, Adebisi}}
[[Category:Masu sassaka 'yan Najeriya na ƙarni na 20]]
[[Category:Masu fasaha na Yoruba]]
[[Category:Haihuwa a shekarun 1930]]
[[Category:Masu aikin tubali 'yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masu fasaha 'yan Najeriya na ƙarni na 21]]
[[Category:Masu sassaka na ƙarni na 21]]
[[Category:Maza masu sassaka]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Osun]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isaac Chukwu Udeh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179673</id>
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'''Isaac Chukwu Udeh''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Satumba a shekara ta 1997), wanda aka fi sani da '''Chukwu mai zane''', ƙwararren mai zane ne na ƙasar Ghana, mai zane kai tsaye, kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-04-19 |title=Video : Young artist causes stir; paints beautiful Shatta Wale portrait using storm energy drink |url=https://www.atinkanews.net/2019/04/19/nigerian-artist-paints-beautiful-shatta-wale-portrait-using-storm-energy-drink-bottle/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604181228/https://www.atinkanews.net/2019/04/19/nigerian-artist-paints-beautiful-shatta-wale-portrait-using-storm-energy-drink-bottle/ |archive-date=2022-06-04 |access-date=2019-09-08 |website=Atinkanews. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mensah |first=Jeffrey |date=2019-04-19 |title=Meet the artist who just made a beautiful Shatta Wale painting without a brush |url=https://yen.com.gh/126466-artist-chukwu-painter-paint-shatta-wale-storm-energy-bottle-video.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918141952/https://yen.com.gh/126466-artist-chukwu-painter-paint-shatta-wale-storm-energy-bottle-video.html |archive-date=2020-09-18 |access-date=2019-09-08 |website=Yen- Ghana news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwu Udeh: Why I Became A Painter Against My Parent's Wish |url=https://lushonlineng.com/chukwu-udeh-why-i-became-a-painter-against-my-parents-wish/ |access-date=2020-02-19 |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;   An san shi da zanensa na baya, kuma ya yi baje kolin a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Ghana Banking Awards a 2016 da 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An gabatar da baje kolin zane-zanensa a bikin baje kolin jaruman canji na MTN na shekarar 2019.  An san shi da zane-zanen girmamawa da ya yi wa marigayi Sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[Kofi Annan]], Kobe Bryant da Gianna Bryant. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Nii Okai |title=Ghanaian Artist Chukwu The Painter's Kobe Bryant Tribute Featured On A Major US News Network - Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students |url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/02/ghanaian-artist-chukwu-the-painters-kobe-bryant-tribute-featured-on-a-major-us-news-network/ |access-date=2020-02-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Quaye |first=Jacqueline Johnson |date=2020-02-07 |title=Ghanaian artist Chukwu The Painter's Kobe Bryant tribute featured on ABC News |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/ghanaian-artist-chukwu-the-painters-kobe-bryant-tribute-featured-on-abc-news/ |access-date=2020-02-08 |website=AmeyawDebrah. |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kasar hausa da nunu da Hausawa da sauransu da yadda kowa yake a arewavda arewacin najeriya baki daya in FY 2022-23 and its ready for committee 

== Ilimi ==
Ya yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Wesley Grammar da ke Accra, sannan ya yi karatunsa na asali a Cibiyar Ilimi ta Alpha Beta. Don karatunsa na jami'a, ya kammala karatunsa daga [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Takoradi]] inda ya karanci zane-zanen kasuwanci.

== Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai ==
An karrama shi a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na EMY Awards Africa, Ghana Edition.  An zaɓe shi a matsayin Mai Zane Mai Tasiri a Gasar GUBA Awards ta 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=INFLUENTIAL ARTIST AWARD – GUBA Voting |url=http://gubavoting.com/services/influential-artist-award/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820032320/http://gubavoting.com/services/influential-artist-award/ |archive-date=2019-08-20 |access-date=2019-09-08 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sami kyautar yabo da kuma kyautar kuɗi daga MTN Heroes of Change 2019 bayan ya bayyana wanda ya lashe gasar. 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]]</text>
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    <title>Ibrahim I Nikale</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358634067|Ibrahim I Nikale]]&quot;</comment>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Ibrahim I Nikale
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |13th/14th karni (shekaru 21-21) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1290-1311[ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dirke Kelem]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah II Kademi]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1311 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Dískama&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |HafsaFatima&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Idris I Nikalemi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Dawud Nikalemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Biri II Ibrahim]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Kagudi
|}
[[Aikin Hajji|''al-Ḥājj'']] '''Ibrahim Nikale''' (Ibrāhīm Nikale bin Biri), enumerated as '''Ibrahim I''',{{Efn|Ibrahim Nikale has also historically and rarely also been enumerated as '''Ibrahim II''', counting the empire's legendary second ruler Biram as Ibrahim I.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stokvis |first=A. M. H. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHNoAAAAcAAJ |title=Manuel d'histoire, de généalogie et de chronologie de tous les états du globe, depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours |date=1888 |publisher=Brill |pages=484 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later rulers named Ibrahim have their regnal numbers increased in this case.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Modern sources enumerate Ibrahim Nikale as '''Ibrahim I'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Truhart |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NnUHAQAAMAAJ |title=Regenten Der Nationen |date=1984 |publisher=Saur |isbn=978-3-598-10492-3 |pages=28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} was ''mai'' (ruler) of the [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem–Bornu Empire]] in the late 13th and/or early 14th century, ruling approximately 1290–1311.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Ibrahim a reign of 1 year ([[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]]), 20 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]), or 21 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=57, 62, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1307–1326 (Barth), 1300–1321 (Palmer), 1281–1301 (Urvoy), 1304–1324 (Landeroin), and 1367–1368 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 20 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Ibrahim's reign to 1296–1315,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261–263 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; Stewart (1989) dated it to 1307–1326,&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot; /&gt; and Bosworth (2012)  dated it to 1290–1311.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0232&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Ibrahim Nikale ɗan mai Biri II Ibrahim ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa Kagudi  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar &quot;Kúnkuna&quot;.  Jikan mai [[Dunama Dabbalemi|Dunama II Dibalemi]],  Ibrahim ya gaji kawunsa Dirke Kelem a matsayin mai , a ƙarshen karni na 13. Mahaifin Ibrahim da kawunsa sun(((((((((Ibrahim Nikale was a son of ''mai'' [[:en:Biri_II_Ibrahim|Biri II Ibrahim]]. His mother was named Kagudi and came from the tribe of the &quot;Kúnkuna&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:133&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Barth|first=Heinrich|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=la_zIUj0oiwC|title=Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855|date=1857|publisher=Longmans|pages=638|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A grandson of ''mai'' [[:en:Dunama_II_Dibalemi|Dunama II Dibalemi]], Ibrahim succeeded his uncle [[:en:Dirke_Kelem|Dirke Kelem]] as ''mai'' in the late 13th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02322&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bosworth|first=Clifford Edmund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=maQxEAAAQBAJ|title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual|date=2012|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2137-8|pages=126|orig-year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibrahim's father and uncles had been engaged in a succession conflict prior to his rise to the throne and reigned in quick succession)))))))) shiga cikin rikici na maye gurbin kafin ya hau gadon sarauta kuma ya yi mulki cikin sauri.

Ibrahim ya fuskanci rikice-rikice na kansa. A wani lokaci a cikin mulkinsa, Ibrahim ya kashe daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza, watakila saboda wannan ɗa ya tayar da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:132&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Barth|first=Heinrich|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=la_zIUj0oiwC|title=Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855|date=1857|publisher=Longmans|pages=638|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibrahim a wani lokaci ya yi [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]], sabili da haka an ba shi girmamawa ''al-Ḥājj'' a wasu tushe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Bayan mulkin kusan shekaru ashirin,  an kashe brahim  ''yarimane yakashe shi'' (babban jami'in) Muhammad bin Ghadi  a wani shafin da aka rubuta a matsayin Dískama . &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;[a] Muhammad ya jefa jikin Ibrahim a cikin [[Kogin Wau]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; kuma iko a cikin daular ya wuce ga dan uwan Ibrahim [[Abdullah II dan Kanem|Abdullah II Kademi]] . 

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |13th/14th karni (shekaru 21-21) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1290-1311[ƙasa-alpha 1]
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1311 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Dískama&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |HafsaFatima&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Idris I Nikalemi]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Dawud Nikalemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
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[[Aikin Hajji|''al-Ḥājj'']] '''Ibrahim Nikale''' (Ibrāhīm Nikale bin Biri), enumerated as '''Ibrahim I''',{{Efn|Ibrahim Nikale has also historically and rarely also been enumerated as '''Ibrahim II''', counting the empire's legendary second ruler Biram as Ibrahim I.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stokvis |first=A. M. H. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHNoAAAAcAAJ |title=Manuel d'histoire, de généalogie et de chronologie de tous les états du globe, depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours |date=1888 |publisher=Brill |pages=484 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later rulers named Ibrahim have their regnal numbers increased in this case.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Modern sources enumerate Ibrahim Nikale as '''Ibrahim I'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Truhart |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NnUHAQAAMAAJ |title=Regenten Der Nationen |date=1984 |publisher=Saur |isbn=978-3-598-10492-3 |pages=28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} was ''mai'' (ruler) of the [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem–Bornu Empire]] in the late 13th and/or early 14th century, ruling approximately 1290–1311.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Ibrahim a reign of 1 year ([[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]]), 20 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]), or 21 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=57, 62, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1307–1326 (Barth), 1300–1321 (Palmer), 1281–1301 (Urvoy), 1304–1324 (Landeroin), and 1367–1368 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 20 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Ibrahim's reign to 1296–1315,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261–263 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; Stewart (1989) dated it to 1307–1326,&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot; /&gt; and Bosworth (2012)  dated it to 1290–1311.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0232&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Ibrahim Nikale ɗan mai Biri II Ibrahim ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa Kagudi  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar &quot;Kúnkuna&quot;.  Jikan mai [[Dunama Dabbalemi|Dunama II Dibalemi]],  Ibrahim ya gaji kawunsa Dirke Kelem a matsayin mai , a ƙarshen karni na 13. Mahaifin Ibrahim da kawunsa sun shiga cikin rikici na maye gurbin kafin ya hau gadon sarauta kuma ya yi mulki cikin sauri.

Ibrahim ya fuskanci rikice-rikice na kansa. A wani lokaci a cikin mulkinsa, Ibrahim ya kashe daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza, watakila saboda wannan ɗa ya tayar da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:132&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Barth|first=Heinrich|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=la_zIUj0oiwC|title=Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855|date=1857|publisher=Longmans|pages=638|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibrahim a wani lokaci ya yi [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]], sabili da haka an ba shi girmamawa ''al-Ḥājj'' a wasu tushe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Bayan mulkin kusan shekaru ashirin,  an kashe brahim  ''yarimane yakashe shi'' (babban jami'in) Muhammad bin Ghadi  a wani shafin da aka rubuta a matsayin Dískama . &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;[a] Muhammad ya jefa jikin Ibrahim a cikin [[Kogin Wau]] &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; kuma iko a cikin daular ya wuce ga dan uwan Ibrahim [[Abdullah II dan Kanem|Abdullah II Kademi]] . 

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380311113|Harry Hibbott]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott''' (Yuli 1859 - 4 Maris 1933) ya kasance [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na Welsh wanda kuma ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya.{{Efn|name=DOB}}

== Ayyukan kulob ==
An haifi Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott a watan Yulin shekara ta 1859 kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Newtown Amateurs kafin ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a Newtown FC a shekara ta 1878. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |title=Newtown football stars of Victorian age |url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/18850137.newtown-football-stars-victorian-age/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Powys County Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;[a] A wannan lokacin, ya kuma buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Daga nan sai ya shiga Newtown Excelsior a 1880  bayan Newtown ya haɗu da wani kulob. Excelsior ya rushe a ƙarshen kakar 1879-80 kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan wasan Excelsior, Hibbott ya shiga White Stars a lokacin kakar 1880-81.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=6 November 1880 |title=Civil Service v White Stars, Newtown |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; da farko a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin Welsh na 1881, wanda White Star ya kammala a matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 April 1881 |title=Welsh Association Challenge Cup Final Tie |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake fasalin White Stars a matsayin Newtown a watan Yulin 1884 kuma Hibbott ya shiga kulob din a lokacin da aka sake fasalinsa; &lt;ref name=&quot;Establishment&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=29 July 1884 |title=Establishment of football club |journal=Montgomeryshire Express |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zauna tare da kulob din har zuwa 1889, lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda karyewar kafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=18 October 1884 |title=Newtown v West Bromwich Albion |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
[[Fayil:Harry_Hibbott_Newtown.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Hibbott tare da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 1885]]
Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta Wales tsakanin 1880 da 1885, yana buga wasanni 3. Ya wakilci Wales a lokacin gasar cin kofin gida ta Burtaniya ta 1884-85. 

Ya buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 1880 da Ingila kuma wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Maris 1885 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales player database 1872 to 2013 |url=http://eu-football.info/_players.php?id=218 |access-date=30 April 2016 |publisher=eu-football.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama dan wasa na farko da Wales ta zaba a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma dan wasan waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta baya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa, ya zama alƙali kuma ya ci gaba da buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Ya zama sargeant na 2/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] amma an cire shi daga aiki saboda rauni a 1917.

Hibbott zai zama darektan jana'izar da masassaƙi kafin ya mutu a Newtown a ranar 4 ga Maris 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Hibbott yana da 'yan uwa hudu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa William. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, George da Robert. Dukansu sun shiga cikin Royal Welch Fusiliers tare da mahaifinsu amma an kashe Robert a cikin aiki a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1917.

Jikansa [[Bobby Hibbott|Bobby]] kuma ya kasance a cikin tawagar Wales amateur tsakanin 1949 da 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kasashen Duniya ===

: Tushen: &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wales
|1880
|2
|0
|-
|1885
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!3
!0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Wales'''

* '''Gasar Gida ta Burtaniya'''
** Matsayi na uku (1): 1884-85&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Championships 1885 |url=http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1885 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Scotland Football Stats}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''White Stars'''

* '''Kofin Welsh'''
** Masu tsere (1): 1880-81 &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Wales (haruffa) 

== Bayanai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>apu5eq55m1irvp5jh1pq20r1gfkc0zi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970872</id>
      <parentid>970871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:11:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>970872</origin>
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'''Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott''' (Yuli 1859 - 4 Maris 1933) ya kasance [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na Welsh wanda kuma ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya.{{Efn|name=DOB}}

== Ayyukan kulob ==
An haifi Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott a watan Yulin shekara ta 1859 kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Newtown Amateurs kafin ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a Newtown FC a shekara ta 1878. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |title=Newtown football stars of Victorian age |url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/18850137.newtown-football-stars-victorian-age/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Powys County Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;[a] A wannan lokacin, ya kuma buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Daga nan sai ya shiga Newtown Excelsior a 1880  bayan Newtown ya haɗu da wani kulob. Excelsior ya rushe a ƙarshen kakar 1879-80 kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan wasan Excelsior, Hibbott ya shiga White Stars a lokacin kakar 1880-81.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=6 November 1880 |title=Civil Service v White Stars, Newtown |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; da farko a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin Welsh na 1881, wanda White Star ya kammala a matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 April 1881 |title=Welsh Association Challenge Cup Final Tie |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake fasalin White Stars a matsayin Newtown a watan Yulin 1884 kuma Hibbott ya shiga kulob din a lokacin da aka sake fasalinsa; &lt;ref name=&quot;Establishment&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=29 July 1884 |title=Establishment of football club |journal=Montgomeryshire Express |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zauna tare da kulob din har zuwa 1889, lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda karyewar kafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=18 October 1884 |title=Newtown v West Bromwich Albion |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
[[Fayil:Harry_Hibbott_Newtown.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Hibbott tare da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 1885]]
Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta Wales tsakanin 1880 da 1885, yana buga wasanni 3. Ya wakilci Wales a lokacin gasar cin kofin gida ta Burtaniya ta 1884-85. 

Ya buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 1880 da Ingila kuma wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Maris 1885 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales player database 1872 to 2013 |url=http://eu-football.info/_players.php?id=218 |access-date=30 April 2016 |publisher=eu-football.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama dan wasa na farko da Wales ta zaba a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma dan wasan waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta baya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa, ya zama alƙali kuma ya ci gaba da buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Ya zama sargeant na 2/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] amma an cire shi daga aiki saboda rauni a 1917.

Hibbott zai zama darektan jana'izar da masassaƙi kafin ya mutu a Newtown a ranar 4 ga Maris 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Hibbott yana da 'yan uwa hudu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa William. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, George da Robert. Dukansu sun shiga cikin Royal Welch Fusiliers tare da mahaifinsu amma an kashe Robert a cikin aiki a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1917.

Jikansa [[Bobby Hibbott|Bobby]] kuma ya kasance a cikin tawagar Wales amateur tsakanin 1949 da 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kasashen Duniya ===

: Tushen: &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wales
|1880
|2
|0
|-
|1885
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!3
!0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Wales'''

* '''Gasar Gida ta Burtaniya'''
** Matsayi na uku (1): 1884-85&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Championships 1885 |url=http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1885 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Scotland Football Stats}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''White Stars'''

* '''Kofin Welsh'''
** Masu tsere (1): 1880-81 &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Wales (haruffa) 

== Bayanai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>ircztks53joq5quyj1wk9t300ylgf0u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970873</id>
      <parentid>970872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:13:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>970873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4711" sha1="o67j1cp83xx7yct9uszjphadgafb9dp" xml:space="preserve">
'''Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott''' (Yuli 1859 - 4 Maris 1933) ya kasance [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na Welsh wanda kuma ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=WalesvScotland&gt;{{cite journal |title=Wales v Scotland |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |date=3 April 1880 |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| caps2 = 2+

== Ayyukan kulob ==
An haifi Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott a watan Yulin shekara ta 1859 kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Newtown Amateurs kafin ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a Newtown FC a shekara ta 1878. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |title=Newtown football stars of Victorian age |url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/18850137.newtown-football-stars-victorian-age/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Powys County Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;[a] A wannan lokacin, ya kuma buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Daga nan sai ya shiga Newtown Excelsior a 1880  bayan Newtown ya haɗu da wani kulob. Excelsior ya rushe a ƙarshen kakar 1879-80 kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan wasan Excelsior, Hibbott ya shiga White Stars a lokacin kakar 1880-81.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=6 November 1880 |title=Civil Service v White Stars, Newtown |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; da farko a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin Welsh na 1881, wanda White Star ya kammala a matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 April 1881 |title=Welsh Association Challenge Cup Final Tie |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake fasalin White Stars a matsayin Newtown a watan Yulin 1884 kuma Hibbott ya shiga kulob din a lokacin da aka sake fasalinsa; &lt;ref name=&quot;Establishment&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=29 July 1884 |title=Establishment of football club |journal=Montgomeryshire Express |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zauna tare da kulob din har zuwa 1889, lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda karyewar kafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=18 October 1884 |title=Newtown v West Bromwich Albion |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
[[Fayil:Harry_Hibbott_Newtown.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Hibbott tare da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 1885]]
Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta Wales tsakanin 1880 da 1885, yana buga wasanni 3. Ya wakilci Wales a lokacin gasar cin kofin gida ta Burtaniya ta 1884-85. 

Ya buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 1880 da Ingila kuma wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Maris 1885 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales player database 1872 to 2013 |url=http://eu-football.info/_players.php?id=218 |access-date=30 April 2016 |publisher=eu-football.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama dan wasa na farko da Wales ta zaba a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma dan wasan waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta baya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa, ya zama alƙali kuma ya ci gaba da buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Ya zama sargeant na 2/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] amma an cire shi daga aiki saboda rauni a 1917.

Hibbott zai zama darektan jana'izar da masassaƙi kafin ya mutu a Newtown a ranar 4 ga Maris 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Hibbott yana da 'yan uwa hudu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa William. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, George da Robert. Dukansu sun shiga cikin Royal Welch Fusiliers tare da mahaifinsu amma an kashe Robert a cikin aiki a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1917.

Jikansa [[Bobby Hibbott|Bobby]] kuma ya kasance a cikin tawagar Wales amateur tsakanin 1949 da 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kasashen Duniya ===

: Tushen: &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wales
|1880
|2
|0
|-
|1885
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!3
!0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Wales'''

* '''Gasar Gida ta Burtaniya'''
** Matsayi na uku (1): 1884-85&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Championships 1885 |url=http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1885 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Scotland Football Stats}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''White Stars'''

* '''Kofin Welsh'''
** Masu tsere (1): 1880-81 &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Wales (haruffa) 

== Bayanai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>o67j1cp83xx7yct9uszjphadgafb9dp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970874</id>
      <parentid>970873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:13:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>970874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4698" sha1="6ia53udivjs8amu8wszkmswq0bszti8" xml:space="preserve">
'''Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott''' (Yuli 1859 - 4 Maris 1933) ya kasance [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na Welsh wanda kuma ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=WalesvScotland&gt;{{cite journal |title=Wales v Scotland |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |date=3 April 1880 |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob ==
An haifi Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott a watan Yulin shekara ta 1859 kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Newtown Amateurs kafin ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a Newtown FC a shekara ta 1878. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |title=Newtown football stars of Victorian age |url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/18850137.newtown-football-stars-victorian-age/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Powys County Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;[a] A wannan lokacin, ya kuma buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Daga nan sai ya shiga Newtown Excelsior a 1880  bayan Newtown ya haɗu da wani kulob. Excelsior ya rushe a ƙarshen kakar 1879-80 kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan wasan Excelsior, Hibbott ya shiga White Stars a lokacin kakar 1880-81.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=6 November 1880 |title=Civil Service v White Stars, Newtown |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; da farko a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin Welsh na 1881, wanda White Star ya kammala a matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 April 1881 |title=Welsh Association Challenge Cup Final Tie |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake fasalin White Stars a matsayin Newtown a watan Yulin 1884 kuma Hibbott ya shiga kulob din a lokacin da aka sake fasalinsa; &lt;ref name=&quot;Establishment&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=29 July 1884 |title=Establishment of football club |journal=Montgomeryshire Express |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zauna tare da kulob din har zuwa 1889, lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda karyewar kafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=18 October 1884 |title=Newtown v West Bromwich Albion |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
[[Fayil:Harry_Hibbott_Newtown.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Hibbott tare da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 1885]]
Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta Wales tsakanin 1880 da 1885, yana buga wasanni 3. Ya wakilci Wales a lokacin gasar cin kofin gida ta Burtaniya ta 1884-85. 

Ya buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 1880 da Ingila kuma wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Maris 1885 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales player database 1872 to 2013 |url=http://eu-football.info/_players.php?id=218 |access-date=30 April 2016 |publisher=eu-football.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama dan wasa na farko da Wales ta zaba a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma dan wasan waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta baya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa, ya zama alƙali kuma ya ci gaba da buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Ya zama sargeant na 2/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] amma an cire shi daga aiki saboda rauni a 1917.

Hibbott zai zama darektan jana'izar da masassaƙi kafin ya mutu a Newtown a ranar 4 ga Maris 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Hibbott yana da 'yan uwa hudu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa William. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, George da Robert. Dukansu sun shiga cikin Royal Welch Fusiliers tare da mahaifinsu amma an kashe Robert a cikin aiki a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1917.

Jikansa [[Bobby Hibbott|Bobby]] kuma ya kasance a cikin tawagar Wales amateur tsakanin 1949 da 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kasashen Duniya ===

: Tushen: &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wales
|1880
|2
|0
|-
|1885
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!3
!0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Wales'''

* '''Gasar Gida ta Burtaniya'''
** Matsayi na uku (1): 1884-85&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Championships 1885 |url=http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1885 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Scotland Football Stats}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''White Stars'''

* '''Kofin Welsh'''
** Masu tsere (1): 1880-81 &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Wales (haruffa) 

== Bayanai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:14:53Z</timestamp>
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'''Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott''' (Yuli 1859 - 4 Maris 1933)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales 2 England 3 |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/seas1872-00/1879-80/M0011Wal1880.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=England Football Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NFT&gt;{{Cite web |title=Harry Hibbott |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/61558/Harry_Hibbot.html |website=National Football Teams}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na Welsh wanda kuma ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=WalesvScotland&gt;{{cite journal |title=Wales v Scotland |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |date=3 April 1880 |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob ==
An haifi Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott a watan Yulin shekara ta 1859 kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Newtown Amateurs kafin ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a Newtown FC a shekara ta 1878. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |title=Newtown football stars of Victorian age |url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/18850137.newtown-football-stars-victorian-age/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Powys County Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;[a] A wannan lokacin, ya kuma buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Daga nan sai ya shiga Newtown Excelsior a 1880  bayan Newtown ya haɗu da wani kulob. Excelsior ya rushe a ƙarshen kakar 1879-80 kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan wasan Excelsior, Hibbott ya shiga White Stars a lokacin kakar 1880-81.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=6 November 1880 |title=Civil Service v White Stars, Newtown |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; da farko a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin Welsh na 1881, wanda White Star ya kammala a matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 April 1881 |title=Welsh Association Challenge Cup Final Tie |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake fasalin White Stars a matsayin Newtown a watan Yulin 1884 kuma Hibbott ya shiga kulob din a lokacin da aka sake fasalinsa; &lt;ref name=&quot;Establishment&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=29 July 1884 |title=Establishment of football club |journal=Montgomeryshire Express |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zauna tare da kulob din har zuwa 1889, lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda karyewar kafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=18 October 1884 |title=Newtown v West Bromwich Albion |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
[[Fayil:Harry_Hibbott_Newtown.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Hibbott tare da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 1885]]
Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta Wales tsakanin 1880 da 1885, yana buga wasanni 3. Ya wakilci Wales a lokacin gasar cin kofin gida ta Burtaniya ta 1884-85. 

Ya buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 1880 da Ingila kuma wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Maris 1885 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales player database 1872 to 2013 |url=http://eu-football.info/_players.php?id=218 |access-date=30 April 2016 |publisher=eu-football.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama dan wasa na farko da Wales ta zaba a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma dan wasan waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta baya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa, ya zama alƙali kuma ya ci gaba da buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Ya zama sargeant na 2/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] amma an cire shi daga aiki saboda rauni a 1917.

Hibbott zai zama darektan jana'izar da masassaƙi kafin ya mutu a Newtown a ranar 4 ga Maris 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Hibbott yana da 'yan uwa hudu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa William. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, George da Robert. Dukansu sun shiga cikin Royal Welch Fusiliers tare da mahaifinsu amma an kashe Robert a cikin aiki a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1917.

Jikansa [[Bobby Hibbott|Bobby]] kuma ya kasance a cikin tawagar Wales amateur tsakanin 1949 da 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kasashen Duniya ===

: Tushen: &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wales
|1880
|2
|0
|-
|1885
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!3
!0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Wales'''

* '''Gasar Gida ta Burtaniya'''
** Matsayi na uku (1): 1884-85&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Championships 1885 |url=http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1885 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Scotland Football Stats}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''White Stars'''

* '''Kofin Welsh'''
** Masu tsere (1): 1880-81 &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Wales (haruffa) 

== Bayanai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <id>970877</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:16:03Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="5059" sha1="b3l16jfw0hd9cqy0c4hy66roudup4nn" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott''' (Yuli 1859 - 4 Maris 1933)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales 2 England 3 |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/seas1872-00/1879-80/M0011Wal1880.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=England Football Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NFT&gt;{{Cite web |title=Harry Hibbott |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/61558/Harry_Hibbot.html |website=National Football Teams}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na Welsh wanda kuma ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=WalesvScotland&gt;{{cite journal |title=Wales v Scotland |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |date=3 April 1880 |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kulob ==
An haifi Henry &quot;Harry&quot; Hibbott a watan Yulin shekara ta 1859 kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da Newtown Amateurs kafin ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a Newtown FC a shekara ta 1878. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 November 2020 |title=Newtown football stars of Victorian age |url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/18850137.newtown-football-stars-victorian-age/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Powys County Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;[a] A wannan lokacin, ya kuma buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Daga nan sai ya shiga Newtown Excelsior a 1880  bayan Newtown ya haɗu da wani kulob. Excelsior ya rushe a ƙarshen kakar 1879-80 kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan wasan Excelsior, Hibbott ya shiga White Stars a lokacin kakar 1880-81.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=6 November 1880 |title=Civil Service v White Stars, Newtown |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; da farko a matsayin mai tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance mai tsaron gida na farko a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin Welsh na 1881, wanda White Star ya kammala a matsayi na biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 April 1881 |title=Welsh Association Challenge Cup Final Tie |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake fasalin White Stars a matsayin Newtown a watan Yulin 1884 kuma Hibbott ya shiga kulob din a lokacin da aka sake fasalinsa; &lt;ref name=&quot;Establishment&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=29 July 1884 |title=Establishment of football club |journal=Montgomeryshire Express |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zauna tare da kulob din har zuwa 1889, lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ritaya saboda karyewar kafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=18 October 1884 |title=Newtown v West Bromwich Albion |journal=Wrexham Advertiser |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
[[Fayil:Harry_Hibbott_Newtown.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Hibbott tare da Wales a watan Maris na shekara ta 1885]]
Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar kwallon kafa ta Wales tsakanin 1880 da 1885, yana buga wasanni 3. Ya wakilci Wales a lokacin gasar cin kofin gida ta Burtaniya ta 1884-85. 

Ya buga wasan sa na farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 1880 da Ingila kuma wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Maris 1885 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales player database 1872 to 2013 |url=http://eu-football.info/_players.php?id=218 |access-date=30 April 2016 |publisher=eu-football.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zama dan wasa na farko da Wales ta zaba a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma dan wasan waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta baya ==
Bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa, ya zama alƙali kuma ya ci gaba da buga wa Newtown Cricket Club.

Ya zama sargeant na 2/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] amma an cire shi daga aiki saboda rauni a 1917.

Hibbott zai zama darektan jana'izar da masassaƙi kafin ya mutu a Newtown a ranar 4 ga Maris 1933. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Hibbott yana da 'yan uwa hudu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa William. Ya kuma haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, George da Robert. Dukansu sun shiga cikin Royal Welch Fusiliers tare da mahaifinsu amma an kashe Robert a cikin aiki a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1917.

Jikansa [[Bobby Hibbott|Bobby]] kuma ya kasance a cikin tawagar Wales amateur tsakanin 1949 da 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kididdigar aiki ==

=== Kasashen Duniya ===

: Tushen: &lt;ref name=&quot;Eudatabase&quot; /&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara
!Ƙungiyar ƙasa
!Shekara
!Aikace-aikacen
!Manufofin
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wales
|1880
|2
|0
|-
|1885
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Jimillar
!3
!0
|}

== Daraja ==
'''Wales'''

* '''Gasar Gida ta Burtaniya'''
** Matsayi na uku (1): 1884-85&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Championships 1885 |url=http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1885 |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Scotland Football Stats}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''White Stars'''

* '''Kofin Welsh'''
** Masu tsere (1): 1880-81 &lt;ref name=&quot;Cupfinal&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Wales (haruffa) 

== Bayanai ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Reggie Jackson (ƙwallon kwando, an haife shi 1973)</title>
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      <id>970880</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:20:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367441328|Reggie Jackson (basketball, born 1973)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Reginald Jerod Jackson''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1973) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na Amurka. An fi saninsa da aikinsa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Nicholls da ke Thibodaux, Louisiana, inda ya zira kwallaye sama da 2,000 kuma ya rubuta fiye da 1,000 rebounds kuma an kira shi Southland Conference Player of the Year a matsayin babban jami'in.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Jackson, mai karfi 6'6&quot; daga Baker High School a Baker, Louisiana, an dauke shi daga makarantar sakandare yayin da aka dauke shi da karamin matsayi. Daga karshe ya tafi Jihar Nicholls don ya buga wa kocin Rickey Broussard wasa.

A Jihar Nicholls, Jackson ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka. A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a kakar 1991-92, Jackson ya sami maki 16.4 a kowane wasa kuma ya jagoranci Taron Southland (SLC) a sakewa a 11.1 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2011-12 Southland Conference men's basketball media guide, pages 92-98 |url=http://issuu.com/southlandconference/docs/men_2011-12_guide_final/3 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Southland Conference}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna na farko a cikin dukkan taron da kuma Freshman na shekara. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Jackson ya ƙara waɗannan matsakaicin zuwa maki 20.5 da 12.5 a kowane wasa kuma ya gama na uku a ƙasar a sakewa.

Duk da yake lokutan sa na farko biyu sun ga Jackson yana yin kyau a kowane mutum, Jihar Nicholls tana da rikodin tafiya 29-25 a cikin waɗannan shekarun. A cikin lokutan sa biyu na ƙarshe, Jackson ya jagoranci Colonels zuwa ƙarin nasarar ƙungiyar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a 1993-94, Jackson ya sami maki 18.6 da 12.0 da kuma Colonels zuwa alamar 19-9 da rikodin SLC 12-6. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya jagoranci tawagar Colonels mai gogewa zuwa Southland na yau da kullun da kuma gasar. An kira Jackson tawagar farko All-SLC a karo na huɗu a jere (mai kunnawa na uku kawai a tarihin taron don cimma wannan) kuma an kira shi Mai kunnawa na Shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot; /&gt;

A cikin aikinsa, Reggie Jackson ya sami maki 2,124 (19.3 a kowane wasa) da kuma 1,271 rebounds (11.6). Ya gama aikinsa a matsayin babban mai sakewa a tarihin makaranta, kuma mai zira kwallaye na biyu a makarantar. Ya kuma bar Jihar Nicholls a matsayin jagoran wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar (58.1%). 

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Duk da samar da shi mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsara Jackson a cikin shirin NBA na 1995 ba. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko (na huɗu a cikin duka) na 1995 Continental Basketball Association (CBA) da Rockford Lightning. Jackson ya buga wasanni biyu ga Lightning, kuma an kira shi zuwa 1996 CBA All-Rookie First Team bayan ya kai maki 14.4 da 8.5 a kakar wasa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-jacksreg002 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Stats Crew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Italiya, Jackson ya koma CBA, inda ya buga kakar 1997-98 tare da La Crosse Catbirds . A cikin aikinsa na CBA na shekaru uku, Jackson ya sami maki 13 da 8.3 a kowane wasa. A kakar wasa ta gaba, Jackson ya buga wa Cáceres CB wasa a Liga ACB ta Spain. Ya kuma buga wa Novi Grad wasa a Bosnia da Herzegovina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson Eurobasket profile |url=http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwando na maza na NCAA Division I tare da maki 2000 da sakewa 1000

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=A0X Bayanan kungiyar Mutanen Espanya]
* [http://195.56.77.208/player/?id=JAC-REG Bayanan kungiyar Italiya]
* [http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 Bayanan martaba na Eurobasket.com]
* [http://www.labball.com/hoffmembers_reggiejackson.htm Bayanan wasan kwando na Louisiana HOF]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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'''Reginald Jerod Jackson''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1973) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na Amurka. An fi saninsa da aikinsa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Nicholls da ke Thibodaux, Louisiana, inda ya zira kwallaye sama da 2,000 kuma ya rubuta fiye da 1,000 rebounds kuma an kira shi Southland Conference Player of the Year a matsayin babban jami'in.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Jackson, mai karfi 6'6&quot; daga Baker High School a Baker, Louisiana, an dauke shi daga makarantar sakandare yayin da aka dauke shi da karamin matsayi. Daga karshe ya tafi Jihar Nicholls don ya buga wa kocin Rickey Broussard wasa.

A Jihar Nicholls, Jackson ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka. A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a kakar 1991-92, Jackson ya sami maki 16.4 a kowane wasa kuma ya jagoranci Taron Southland (SLC) a sakewa a 11.1 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2011-12 Southland Conference men's basketball media guide, pages 92-98 |url=http://issuu.com/southlandconference/docs/men_2011-12_guide_final/3 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Southland Conference}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna na farko a cikin dukkan taron da kuma Freshman na shekara. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Jackson ya ƙara waɗannan matsakaicin zuwa maki 20.5 da 12.5 a kowane wasa kuma ya gama na uku a ƙasar a sakewa.

Duk da yake lokutan sa na farko biyu sun ga Jackson yana yin kyau a kowane mutum, Jihar Nicholls tana da rikodin tafiya 29-25 a cikin waɗannan shekarun. A cikin lokutan sa biyu na ƙarshe, Jackson ya jagoranci Colonels zuwa ƙarin nasarar ƙungiyar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a 1993-94, Jackson ya sami maki 18.6 da 12.0 da kuma Colonels zuwa alamar 19-9 da rikodin SLC 12-6. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya jagoranci tawagar Colonels mai gogewa zuwa Southland na yau da kullun da kuma gasar. An kira Jackson tawagar farko All-SLC a karo na huɗu a jere (mai kunnawa na uku kawai a tarihin taron don cimma wannan) kuma an kira shi Mai kunnawa na Shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot; /&gt;

A cikin aikinsa, Reggie Jackson ya sami maki 2,124 (19.3 a kowane wasa) da kuma 1,271 rebounds (11.6). Ya gama aikinsa a matsayin babban mai sakewa a tarihin makaranta, kuma mai zira kwallaye na biyu a makarantar. Ya kuma bar Jihar Nicholls a matsayin jagoran wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar (58.1%). 

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Duk da samar da shi mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsara Jackson a cikin shirin NBA na 1995 ba. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko (na huɗu a cikin duka) na 1995 Continental Basketball Association (CBA) da Rockford Lightning. Jackson ya buga wasanni biyu ga Lightning, kuma an kira shi zuwa 1996 CBA All-Rookie First Team bayan ya kai maki 14.4 da 8.5 a kakar wasa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-jacksreg002 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Stats Crew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Italiya, Jackson ya koma CBA, inda ya buga kakar 1997-98 tare da La Crosse Catbirds . A cikin aikinsa na CBA na shekaru uku, Jackson ya sami maki 13 da 8.3 a kowane wasa. A kakar wasa ta gaba, Jackson ya buga wa Cáceres CB wasa a Liga ACB ta Spain. Ya kuma buga wa Novi Grad wasa a Bosnia da Herzegovina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson Eurobasket profile |url=http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwando na maza na NCAA Division I tare da maki 2000 da sakewa 1000

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=A0X Bayanan kungiyar Mutanen Espanya]
* [http://195.56.77.208/player/?id=JAC-REG Bayanan kungiyar Italiya]
* [http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 Bayanan martaba na Eurobasket.com]
* [http://www.labball.com/hoffmembers_reggiejackson.htm Bayanan wasan kwando na Louisiana HOF]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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      <id>970884</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:27:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
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'''Reginald Jerod Jackson''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1973) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na Amurka. An fi saninsa da aikinsa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Nicholls da ke Thibodaux, Louisiana, inda ya zira kwallaye sama da 2,000 kuma ya rubuta fiye da 1,000 rebounds kuma an kira shi Southland Conference Player of the Year a matsayin babban jami'in.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Jackson, mai karfi 6'6&quot; daga Baker High School a Baker, Louisiana, an dauke shi daga makarantar sakandare yayin da aka dauke shi da karamin matsayi. Daga karshe ya tafi Jihar Nicholls don ya buga wa kocin Rickey Broussard wasa.

A Jihar Nicholls, Jackson ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka. A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a kakar 1991-92, Jackson ya sami maki 16.4 a kowane wasa kuma ya jagoranci Taron Southland (SLC) a sakewa a 11.1 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2011-12 Southland Conference men's basketball media guide, pages 92-98 |url=http://issuu.com/southlandconference/docs/men_2011-12_guide_final/3 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Southland Conference}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna na farko a cikin dukkan taron da kuma Freshman na shekara. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Jackson ya ƙara waɗannan matsakaicin zuwa maki 20.5 da 12.5 a kowane wasa kuma ya gama na uku a ƙasar a sakewa.

Duk da yake lokutan sa na farko biyu sun ga Jackson yana yin kyau a kowane mutum, Jihar Nicholls tana da rikodin tafiya 29-25 a cikin waɗannan shekarun. A cikin lokutan sa biyu na ƙarshe, Jackson ya jagoranci Colonels zuwa ƙarin nasarar ƙungiyar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a 1993-94, Jackson ya sami maki 18.6 da 12.0 da kuma Colonels zuwa alamar 19-9 da rikodin SLC 12-6. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya jagoranci tawagar Colonels mai gogewa zuwa Southland na yau da kullun da kuma gasar. An kira Jackson tawagar farko All-SLC a karo na huɗu a jere (mai kunnawa na uku kawai a tarihin taron don cimma wannan) kuma an kira shi Mai kunnawa na Shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot; /&gt;

A cikin aikinsa, Reggie Jackson ya sami maki 2,124 (19.3 a kowane wasa) da kuma 1,271 rebounds (11.6). Ya gama aikinsa a matsayin babban mai sakewa a tarihin makaranta, kuma mai zira kwallaye na biyu a makarantar. Ya kuma bar Jihar Nicholls a matsayin jagoran wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar (58.1%). 

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Duk da samar da shi mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsara Jackson a cikin shirin NBA na 1995 ba. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko (na huɗu a cikin duka) na 1995 Continental Basketball Association (CBA) da Rockford Lightning. Jackson ya buga wasanni biyu ga Lightning, kuma an kira shi zuwa 1996 CBA All-Rookie First Team bayan ya kai maki 14.4 da 8.5 a kakar wasa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-jacksreg002 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Stats Crew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Italiya, Jackson ya koma CBA, inda ya buga kakar 1997-98 tare da La Crosse Catbirds . A cikin aikinsa na CBA na shekaru uku, Jackson ya sami maki 13 da 8.3 a kowane wasa. A kakar wasa ta gaba, Jackson ya buga wa Cáceres CB wasa a Liga ACB ta Spain. Ya kuma buga wa Novi Grad wasa a Bosnia da Herzegovina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson Eurobasket profile |url=http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwando na maza na NCAA Division I tare da maki 2000 da sakewa 1000

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=A0X Bayanan kungiyar Mutanen Espanya]
* [http://195.56.77.208/player/?id=JAC-REG Bayanan kungiyar Italiya]
* [http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 Bayanan martaba na Eurobasket.com]
* [http://www.labball.com/hoffmembers_reggiejackson.htm Bayanan wasan kwando na Louisiana HOF]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970886</id>
      <parentid>970884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:29:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
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      <comment>/* Ayyukan kwaleji */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4278" sha1="q9sbgmp03vwql91uoo2oegtqynvfzgx" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Reginald Jerod Jackson''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1973) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na Amurka. An fi saninsa da aikinsa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Nicholls da ke Thibodaux, Louisiana, inda ya zira kwallaye sama da 2,000 kuma ya rubuta fiye da 1,000 rebounds kuma an kira shi Southland Conference Player of the Year a matsayin babban jami'in.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Jackson, mai karfi 6'6&quot; daga Baker High School a Baker, Louisiana, an dauke shi daga makarantar sakandare yayin da aka dauke shi da karamin matsayi.&lt;ref name=DCOM&gt;{{cite news |title= NSU's Jackson to be inducted into Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame |author= Alex Songe |newspaper= Dailey Comet |date= May 1, 2004 |url=http://www.dailycomet.com/article/20040501/SPORTS/405010319?p=1&amp;tc=pg |accessdate=November 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga karshe ya tafi Jihar Nicholls don ya buga wa kocin Rickey Broussard wasa.

A Jihar Nicholls, Jackson ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka. A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a kakar 1991-92, Jackson ya sami maki 16.4 a kowane wasa kuma ya jagoranci Taron Southland (SLC) a sakewa a 11.1 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2011-12 Southland Conference men's basketball media guide, pages 92-98 |url=http://issuu.com/southlandconference/docs/men_2011-12_guide_final/3 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Southland Conference}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna na farko a cikin dukkan taron da kuma Freshman na shekara. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Jackson ya ƙara waɗannan matsakaicin zuwa maki 20.5 da 12.5 a kowane wasa kuma ya gama na uku a ƙasar a sakewa.

Duk da yake lokutan sa na farko biyu sun ga Jackson yana yin kyau a kowane mutum, Jihar Nicholls tana da rikodin tafiya 29-25 a cikin waɗannan shekarun. A cikin lokutan sa biyu na ƙarshe, Jackson ya jagoranci Colonels zuwa ƙarin nasarar ƙungiyar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a 1993-94, Jackson ya sami maki 18.6 da 12.0 da kuma Colonels zuwa alamar 19-9 da rikodin SLC 12-6. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya jagoranci tawagar Colonels mai gogewa zuwa Southland na yau da kullun da kuma gasar. An kira Jackson tawagar farko All-SLC a karo na huɗu a jere (mai kunnawa na uku kawai a tarihin taron don cimma wannan) kuma an kira shi Mai kunnawa na Shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot; /&gt;

A cikin aikinsa, Reggie Jackson ya sami maki 2,124 (19.3 a kowane wasa) da kuma 1,271 rebounds (11.6). Ya gama aikinsa a matsayin babban mai sakewa a tarihin makaranta, kuma mai zira kwallaye na biyu a makarantar. Ya kuma bar Jihar Nicholls a matsayin jagoran wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar (58.1%).

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Duk da samar da shi mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsara Jackson a cikin shirin NBA na 1995 ba. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko (na huɗu a cikin duka) na 1995 Continental Basketball Association (CBA) da Rockford Lightning. Jackson ya buga wasanni biyu ga Lightning, kuma an kira shi zuwa 1996 CBA All-Rookie First Team bayan ya kai maki 14.4 da 8.5 a kakar wasa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-jacksreg002 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Stats Crew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Italiya, Jackson ya koma CBA, inda ya buga kakar 1997-98 tare da La Crosse Catbirds . A cikin aikinsa na CBA na shekaru uku, Jackson ya sami maki 13 da 8.3 a kowane wasa. A kakar wasa ta gaba, Jackson ya buga wa Cáceres CB wasa a Liga ACB ta Spain. Ya kuma buga wa Novi Grad wasa a Bosnia da Herzegovina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson Eurobasket profile |url=http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwando na maza na NCAA Division I tare da maki 2000 da sakewa 1000

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=A0X Bayanan kungiyar Mutanen Espanya]
* [http://195.56.77.208/player/?id=JAC-REG Bayanan kungiyar Italiya]
* [http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 Bayanan martaba na Eurobasket.com]
* [http://www.labball.com/hoffmembers_reggiejackson.htm Bayanan wasan kwando na Louisiana HOF]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
      <sha1>q9sbgmp03vwql91uoo2oegtqynvfzgx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970889</id>
      <parentid>970886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:30:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan kwaleji */</comment>
      <origin>970889</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4452" sha1="c5k2csburgdi14dhqjcd2gz1q70co98" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Reginald Jerod Jackson''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1973) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na Amurka. An fi saninsa da aikinsa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Nicholls da ke Thibodaux, Louisiana, inda ya zira kwallaye sama da 2,000 kuma ya rubuta fiye da 1,000 rebounds kuma an kira shi Southland Conference Player of the Year a matsayin babban jami'in.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Jackson, mai karfi 6'6&quot; daga Baker High School a Baker, Louisiana, an dauke shi daga makarantar sakandare yayin da aka dauke shi da karamin matsayi.&lt;ref name=DCOM&gt;{{cite news |title= NSU's Jackson to be inducted into Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame |author= Alex Songe |newspaper= Dailey Comet |date= May 1, 2004 |url=http://www.dailycomet.com/article/20040501/SPORTS/405010319?p=1&amp;tc=pg |accessdate=November 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga karshe ya tafi Jihar Nicholls don ya buga wa kocin Rickey Broussard wasa.

A Jihar Nicholls, Jackson ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka. A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a kakar 1991-92, Jackson ya sami maki 16.4 a kowane wasa kuma ya jagoranci Taron Southland (SLC) a sakewa a 11.1 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2011-12 Southland Conference men's basketball media guide, pages 92-98 |url=http://issuu.com/southlandconference/docs/men_2011-12_guide_final/3 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Southland Conference}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna na farko a cikin dukkan taron da kuma Freshman na shekara. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Jackson ya ƙara waɗannan matsakaicin zuwa maki 20.5 da 12.5 a kowane wasa kuma ya gama na uku a ƙasar a sakewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia: The Complete History of the Men's Game, page 1007|publisher=[[Random House]]|year=2009|isbn=0-345-51392-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da yake lokutan sa na farko biyu sun ga Jackson yana yin kyau a kowane mutum, Jihar Nicholls tana da rikodin tafiya 29-25 a cikin waɗannan shekarun. A cikin lokutan sa biyu na ƙarshe, Jackson ya jagoranci Colonels zuwa ƙarin nasarar ƙungiyar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a 1993-94, Jackson ya sami maki 18.6 da 12.0 da kuma Colonels zuwa alamar 19-9 da rikodin SLC 12-6. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya jagoranci tawagar Colonels mai gogewa zuwa Southland na yau da kullun da kuma gasar. An kira Jackson tawagar farko All-SLC a karo na huɗu a jere (mai kunnawa na uku kawai a tarihin taron don cimma wannan) kuma an kira shi Mai kunnawa na Shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot; /&gt;

A cikin aikinsa, Reggie Jackson ya sami maki 2,124 (19.3 a kowane wasa) da kuma 1,271 rebounds (11.6). Ya gama aikinsa a matsayin babban mai sakewa a tarihin makaranta, kuma mai zira kwallaye na biyu a makarantar. Ya kuma bar Jihar Nicholls a matsayin jagoran wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar (58.1%).

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Duk da samar da shi mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsara Jackson a cikin shirin NBA na 1995 ba. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko (na huɗu a cikin duka) na 1995 Continental Basketball Association (CBA) da Rockford Lightning. Jackson ya buga wasanni biyu ga Lightning, kuma an kira shi zuwa 1996 CBA All-Rookie First Team bayan ya kai maki 14.4 da 8.5 a kakar wasa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-jacksreg002 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Stats Crew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Italiya, Jackson ya koma CBA, inda ya buga kakar 1997-98 tare da La Crosse Catbirds . A cikin aikinsa na CBA na shekaru uku, Jackson ya sami maki 13 da 8.3 a kowane wasa. A kakar wasa ta gaba, Jackson ya buga wa Cáceres CB wasa a Liga ACB ta Spain. Ya kuma buga wa Novi Grad wasa a Bosnia da Herzegovina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson Eurobasket profile |url=http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwando na maza na NCAA Division I tare da maki 2000 da sakewa 1000

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=A0X Bayanan kungiyar Mutanen Espanya]
* [http://195.56.77.208/player/?id=JAC-REG Bayanan kungiyar Italiya]
* [http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 Bayanan martaba na Eurobasket.com]
* [http://www.labball.com/hoffmembers_reggiejackson.htm Bayanan wasan kwando na Louisiana HOF]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
      <sha1>c5k2csburgdi14dhqjcd2gz1q70co98</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970891</id>
      <parentid>970889</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:32:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aluja</username>
        <id>30485</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan sana'a */</comment>
      <origin>970891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4510" sha1="tno5sm00i60aopovmgd9jsvo6xodhyj" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Reginald Jerod Jackson''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, 1973) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na Amurka. An fi saninsa da aikinsa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Nicholls da ke Thibodaux, Louisiana, inda ya zira kwallaye sama da 2,000 kuma ya rubuta fiye da 1,000 rebounds kuma an kira shi Southland Conference Player of the Year a matsayin babban jami'in.

== Ayyukan kwaleji ==
Jackson, mai karfi 6'6&quot; daga Baker High School a Baker, Louisiana, an dauke shi daga makarantar sakandare yayin da aka dauke shi da karamin matsayi.&lt;ref name=DCOM&gt;{{cite news |title= NSU's Jackson to be inducted into Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame |author= Alex Songe |newspaper= Dailey Comet |date= May 1, 2004 |url=http://www.dailycomet.com/article/20040501/SPORTS/405010319?p=1&amp;tc=pg |accessdate=November 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga karshe ya tafi Jihar Nicholls don ya buga wa kocin Rickey Broussard wasa.

A Jihar Nicholls, Jackson ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka. A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a kakar 1991-92, Jackson ya sami maki 16.4 a kowane wasa kuma ya jagoranci Taron Southland (SLC) a sakewa a 11.1 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=2011-12 Southland Conference men's basketball media guide, pages 92-98 |url=http://issuu.com/southlandconference/docs/men_2011-12_guide_final/3 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Southland Conference}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi suna na farko a cikin dukkan taron da kuma Freshman na shekara. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Jackson ya ƙara waɗannan matsakaicin zuwa maki 20.5 da 12.5 a kowane wasa kuma ya gama na uku a ƙasar a sakewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia: The Complete History of the Men's Game, page 1007|publisher=[[Random House]]|year=2009|isbn=0-345-51392-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da yake lokutan sa na farko biyu sun ga Jackson yana yin kyau a kowane mutum, Jihar Nicholls tana da rikodin tafiya 29-25 a cikin waɗannan shekarun. A cikin lokutan sa biyu na ƙarshe, Jackson ya jagoranci Colonels zuwa ƙarin nasarar ƙungiyar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a 1993-94, Jackson ya sami maki 18.6 da 12.0 da kuma Colonels zuwa alamar 19-9 da rikodin SLC 12-6. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya jagoranci tawagar Colonels mai gogewa zuwa Southland na yau da kullun da kuma gasar. An kira Jackson tawagar farko All-SLC a karo na huɗu a jere (mai kunnawa na uku kawai a tarihin taron don cimma wannan) kuma an kira shi Mai kunnawa na Shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLCMG&quot; /&gt;

A cikin aikinsa, Reggie Jackson ya sami maki 2,124 (19.3 a kowane wasa) da kuma 1,271 rebounds (11.6). Ya gama aikinsa a matsayin babban mai sakewa a tarihin makaranta, kuma mai zira kwallaye na biyu a makarantar. Ya kuma bar Jihar Nicholls a matsayin jagoran wasan kwallon kafa na makarantar (58.1%).

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Duk da samar da shi mai ban sha'awa, ba a tsara Jackson a cikin shirin NBA na 1995 ba. An zaba shi a zagaye na farko (na huɗu a cikin duka) na 1995 Continental Basketball Association (CBA) da Rockford Lightning. Jackson ya buga wasanni biyu ga Lightning, kuma an kira shi zuwa 1996 CBA All-Rookie First Team bayan ya kai maki 14.4 da 8.5 a kakar wasa ta farko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-jacksreg002 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Stats Crew}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Italiya, Jackson ya koma CBA, inda ya buga kakar 1997-98 tare da La Crosse Catbirds . A cikin aikinsa na CBA na shekaru uku, Jackson ya sami maki 13 da 8.3 a kowane wasa.&lt;ref&gt;1998-99 Official CBA Guide &amp; Register, page 254&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa ta gaba, Jackson ya buga wa Cáceres CB wasa a Liga ACB ta Spain. Ya kuma buga wa Novi Grad wasa a Bosnia da Herzegovina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Reggie Jackson Eurobasket profile |url=http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 |access-date=November 21, 2012 |publisher=Eurobasket.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan wasan kwando na maza na NCAA Division I tare da maki 2000 da sakewa 1000

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.acb.com/jugador.php?id=A0X Bayanan kungiyar Mutanen Espanya]
* [http://195.56.77.208/player/?id=JAC-REG Bayanan kungiyar Italiya]
* [http://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?Cntry=BIH&amp;PlayerID=15574 Bayanan martaba na Eurobasket.com]
* [http://www.labball.com/hoffmembers_reggiejackson.htm Bayanan wasan kwando na Louisiana HOF]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zaujeel khair hausa novels</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>970895</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T12:46:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
        <id>49197</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: zaujeel khair 🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰   Zamu dunga kawo muku zafafan littatafan hausa masu dadi ilimantarwa dakumah gamsarwa kumah yabamu nishadi domin isar da saqo kumah munafata saqon yah isah inda muke yakai domin gyaran da akeda buqatah</comment>
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      <text bytes="237" sha1="nm4yi1327qe2083tfy0lfxzdrt38hy3" xml:space="preserve">zaujeel khair 🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰


Zamu dunga kawo muku zafafan littatafan hausa masu dadi ilimantarwa dakumah gamsarwa kumah yabamu nishadi domin isar da saqo kumah munafata saqon yah isah inda muke yakai domin gyaran da akeda buqatah</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad II Manza</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358742900|Muhammad II Manza]]&quot;</comment>
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|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 14 (shekara 1) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1388-1389 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sa'id of Bornu|Sa'id]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Kade II Afunu|Kade na II Afunu]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; shekara ta 1389
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]] (Idrisid&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;&gt;The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of [[Idris I Nikalemi]]) and Dawudid (descendants of [[Dawud Nikalemi]]) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.&lt;/ref&gt;) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Idris I Nikalemi]]
|}
Muhammad II (Muḥammad bin Idrīs ), wanda ake kira '''Muhammad Manza''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=76–77 |issn=0368-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance mai mulki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a ƙarshen karni na 14, yana mulki kusan 1388-1389.{{Efn|Specific regnal years of rulers of the Kanem–Bornu Empire are calculated by backdating from known events using their regnal lengths and vary between sources. The lists of [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]] and [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]] agreed that Muhammad ruled for just a year. Nachtigal dated his reign to 1426–1427 and Landeroin dated it to 1397–1398.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Muhammad was omitted by several later authors as well, including Lange (1984)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989).&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |p=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) dated his reign to 1388–1389.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0232&quot; /&gt;}} Muhammadu ya yi mulki a lokacin &quot;Lokacin Instability&quot;, wani lokaci mai rikitarwa na rikice-rikice na ciki da na waje a cikin daular.

== Rayuwa ==
Muhammad dan mai [[Idris I na Kanem|Idris I Nikalemi]] ne . Muhammadu ya gaji ɗan'uwansa Sa'id a matsayin mai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Muhammad ba a rubuta shi sosai a cikin tushe ba  kuma an cire shi a mafi yawan jerin sunayen sarauta na Kanem-Bornu (girgams) da tarihin da aka fassara a cikin ƙarni na 19-20. An rubuta shi a cikin jerin Gustav Nachtigal (1881) da {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin}}  (1911), dukansu biyu sun ba shi sarauta na shekara guda kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Muhammad kuma an jera shi a cikin ''Girgam'' wanda Richmond Palmer ya fassara a cikin 1912, kodayake wannan ''Girgam'' yana nuna rikice-rikice na lokaci da jerin sunaye.(((((((((((((Muhammad is poorly recorded in the sources and is omitted in most of the Kanem–Bornu regnal lists ([[:en:Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Ronald|url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost|title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History|date=1966|publisher=Boston University Press|pages=53, 58, 63, 81|chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is recorded in the lists of [[:en:Gustav_Nachtigal|Gustav Nachtigal]] (1881) and {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin|lt=Moïse Landeroin}} (1911), both of whom assign him a reign of just one year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Muhammad is also listed in a ''girgam'' translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912, though this ''girgam'' exhibits a confused chronology and sequence of names. Muhammad was omitted in later lists produced by Palmer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Palmer's))))))))) An cire Muhammad a cikin jerin sunayen da Palmer ya samar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yarinyar Palmer ta 1912 tana nufin shi a matsayin ''Muhammad ''Manza'''', tare da Palmer yana lura da cewa Manza &quot;sunan laƙabi ne da aka ba shi don kauce wa mugun ido&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

Ɗan'uwansa Kade II Afunu ne ya gaje Muhammad a matsayin mai. A cewar Palmer ta 1912 ''Girgam'', an binne Muhammad a &quot;Jaburu na da yawa ''dom'' da ''fan'' dabino&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi</comment>
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 14 (shekara 1) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1388-1389 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sa'id of Bornu|Sa'id]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Kade II Afunu|Kade na II Afunu]]
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; shekara ta 1389
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]] (Idrisid&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;&gt;The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of [[Idris I Nikalemi]]) and Dawudid (descendants of [[Dawud Nikalemi]]) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.&lt;/ref&gt;) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Idris I Nikalemi]]
|}
Muhammad II (Muḥammad bin Idrīs ), wanda ake kira '''Muhammad Manza''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=76–77 |issn=0368-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance mai mulki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a ƙarshen karni na 14, yana mulki kusan 1388-1389.{{Efn|Specific regnal years of rulers of the Kanem–Bornu Empire are calculated by backdating from known events using their regnal lengths and vary between sources. The lists of [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]] and [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]] agreed that Muhammad ruled for just a year. Nachtigal dated his reign to 1426–1427 and Landeroin dated it to 1397–1398.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Muhammad was omitted by several later authors as well, including Lange (1984)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989).&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |p=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) dated his reign to 1388–1389.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0232&quot; /&gt;}} Muhammadu ya yi mulki a lokacin &quot;Lokacin Instability&quot;, wani lokaci mai rikitarwa na rikice-rikice na ciki da na waje a cikin daular.

== Rayuwa ==
Muhammad dan mai [[Idris I na Kanem|Idris I Nikalemi]] ne . Muhammadu ya gaji ɗan'uwansa Sa'id a matsayin mai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Muhammad ba a rubuta shi sosai a cikin tushe ba  kuma an cire shi a mafi yawan jerin sunayen sarauta na Kanem-Bornu (girgams) da tarihin da aka fassara a cikin ƙarni na 19-20. An rubuta shi a cikin jerin Gustav Nachtigal (1881) da {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin}}  (1911), dukansu biyu sun ba shi sarauta na shekara guda kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Muhammad kuma an jera shi a cikin ''Girgam'' wanda Richmond Palmer ya fassara a cikin 1912, kodayake wannan ''Girgam'' yana nuna rikice-rikice na lokaci da jerin sunaye.  An cire Muhammad a cikin jerin sunayen da Palmer ya samar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yarinyar Palmer ta 1912 tana nufin shi a matsayin ''Muhammad ''Manza'''', tare da Palmer yana lura da cewa Manza &quot;sunan laƙabi ne da aka ba shi don kauce wa mugun ido&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

Ɗan'uwansa Kade II Afunu ne ya gaje Muhammad a matsayin mai. A cewar Palmer ta 1912 ''Girgam'', an binne Muhammad a &quot;Jaburu na da yawa ''dom'' da ''fan'' dabino&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>SaadatuAliyu5484</username>
        <id>48956</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358742900|Muhammad II Manza]]&quot;</comment>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 14 (shekara 1) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1388-1389 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sa'id of Bornu|Sa'id]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Kade II Afunu|Kade na II Afunu]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; shekara ta 1389
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]] (Idrisid&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;&gt;The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of [[Idris I Nikalemi]]) and Dawudid (descendants of [[Dawud Nikalemi]]) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.&lt;/ref&gt;) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Idris I Nikalemi]]
|}
Muhammad II (Muḥammad bin Idrīs ), wanda ake kira '''Muhammad Manza''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=76–77 |issn=0368-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance mai mulki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a ƙarshen karni na 14, yana mulki kusan 1388-1389.{{Efn|Specific regnal years of rulers of the Kanem–Bornu Empire are calculated by backdating from known events using their regnal lengths and vary between sources. The lists of [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]] and [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]] agreed that Muhammad ruled for just a year. Nachtigal dated his reign to 1426–1427 and Landeroin dated it to 1397–1398.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Muhammad was omitted by several later authors as well, including Lange (1984)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989).&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |p=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) dated his reign to 1388–1389.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0232&quot; /&gt;|name=&quot;MuhammadReign&quot;}} Muhammadu ya yi mulki a lokacin &quot;Lokacin Instability&quot;, wani lokaci mai rikitarwa na rikice-rikice na ciki da na waje a cikin daular.

== Rayuwa ==
Muhammad dan mai [[Idris I na Kanem|Idris I Nikalemi]] ne . Muhammadu ya gaji ɗan'uwansa Sa'id a matsayin mai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Muhammad ba a rubuta shi sosai a cikin tusheba kuma an cire shi a mafi yawan jerin sunayen sarauta na Kanem-Bornu (girgams) da tarihin da aka fassara a cikin ƙarni na 19-20. An rubuta shi a cikin jerin Gustav Nachtigal (1881) da {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin}}  (1911), dukansu biyu sun ba shi sarauta na shekara guda kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Muhammad kuma an jera shi a cikin ''Girgam'' wanda Richmond Palmer ya fassara a cikin 1912, kodayake wannan ''Girgam'' yana nuna rikice-rikice na lokaci da jerin sunaye.(((((((((Muhammad is poorly recorded in the sources and is omitted in most of the Kanem–Bornu regnal lists ([[:en:Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Ronald|url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost|title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History|date=1966|publisher=Boston University Press|pages=53, 58, 63, 81|chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is recorded in the lists of [[:en:Gustav_Nachtigal|Gustav Nachtigal]] (1881) and {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin|lt=Moïse Landeroin}} (1911), both of whom assign him a reign of just one year.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; Muhammad is also listed in a ''girgam'' translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912, though this ''girgam'' exhibits a confused chronology and sequence of names. Muhammad was omitted in later))))))))) An cire Muhammad a cikin jerin sunayen da Palmer ya samar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yarinyar Palmer ta 1912 tana nufin shi a matsayin ''Muhammad ''Manza'''', tare da Palmer yana lura da cewa Manza &quot;sunan laƙabi ne da aka ba shi don kauce wa mugun ido&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

Ɗan'uwansa Kade II Afunu ne ya gaje Muhammad a matsayin mai. A cewar Palmer ta 1912 ''Girgam'', an binne Muhammad a &quot;Jaburu na da yawa ''dom'' da ''fan'' dabino&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970911</id>
      <parentid>970910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T13:04:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SaadatuAliyu5484</username>
        <id>48956</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi</comment>
      <origin>970911</origin>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Muhammad II Manza
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 14 (shekara 1) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1388-1389 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sa'id of Bornu|Sa'id]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Kade II Afunu|Kade na II Afunu]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; shekara ta 1389
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]] (Idrisid&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;&gt;The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of [[Idris I Nikalemi]]) and Dawudid (descendants of [[Dawud Nikalemi]]) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.&lt;/ref&gt;) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Idris I Nikalemi]]
|}
Muhammad II (Muḥammad bin Idrīs ), wanda ake kira '''Muhammad Manza''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=76–77 |issn=0368-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance mai mulki na ɗan gajeren lokaci na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a ƙarshen karni na 14, yana mulki kusan 1388-1389.{{Efn|Specific regnal years of rulers of the Kanem–Bornu Empire are calculated by backdating from known events using their regnal lengths and vary between sources. The lists of [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]] and [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]] agreed that Muhammad ruled for just a year. Nachtigal dated his reign to 1426–1427 and Landeroin dated it to 1397–1398.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Muhammad was omitted by several later authors as well, including Lange (1984)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989).&lt;ref name=&quot;Stewart&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |p=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) dated his reign to 1388–1389.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0232&quot; /&gt;|name=&quot;MuhammadReign&quot;}} Muhammadu ya yi mulki a lokacin &quot;Lokacin Instability&quot;, wani lokaci mai rikitarwa na rikice-rikice na ciki da na waje a cikin daular.

== Rayuwa ==
Muhammad dan mai [[Idris I na Kanem|Idris I Nikalemi]] ne . Muhammadu ya gaji ɗan'uwansa Sa'id a matsayin mai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

Muhammad ba a rubuta shi sosai a cikin tusheba kuma an cire shi a mafi yawan jerin sunayen sarauta na Kanem-Bornu (girgams) da tarihin da aka fassara a cikin ƙarni na 19-20. An rubuta shi a cikin jerin Gustav Nachtigal (1881) da {{Interlanguage link|Moïse Landeroin|fr|Moïse Landeroin}}  (1911), dukansu biyu sun ba shi sarauta na shekara guda kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Muhammad kuma an jera shi a cikin ''Girgam'' wanda Richmond Palmer ya fassara a cikin 1912, kodayake wannan ''Girgam'' yana nuna rikice-rikice na lokaci da jerin sunaye. An cire Muhammad a cikin jerin sunayen da Palmer ya samar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Yarinyar Palmer ta 1912 tana nufin shi a matsayin ''Muhammad ''Manza'''', tare da Palmer yana lura da cewa Manza &quot;sunan laƙabi ne da aka ba shi don kauce wa mugun ido&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

Ɗan'uwansa Kade II Afunu ne ya gaje Muhammad a matsayin mai. A cewar Palmer ta 1912 ''Girgam'', an binne Muhammad a &quot;Jaburu na da yawa ''dom'' da ''fan'' dabino&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Biri I Uthman</title>
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        <id>48956</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358618018|Biri I Uthman]]&quot;</comment>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Biri I Uthman
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 12 (shekaru 26-27) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1151-1177 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah I Bikur]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mai mulki
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1177 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Ghamtilú&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zainab
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abdullah I BikurBitku&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|}
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya(((((((Biri eventually came into his own as a ruler and was remembered in later tradition as a very learned ruler,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0222&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Barth|first=Heinrich|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=la_zIUj0oiwC|title=Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855|date=1857|publisher=Longmans|pages=635|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; though &quot;weak in his conduct of the government&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;Palmer, H. R. (1926). [[iarchive:first-twelve-years-of-idris-alooma|History Of The First Twelve Years Of The Reign Of Mai Idris Alooma Of Bornu (1571–1583) (Fartua, Ahmed Ibn).]] pp. 110–111.&lt;/ref&gt; Biri ruled for 26–27 years.{{efn|name=&quot;BiriReign&quot;}} The site of his death is recorded as Ghamtilú,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0222&quot; /&gt; or variations thereof (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0222&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; &quot;Jilargen in the land of Gamtilo&quot;). Biri was succeeded as ''mai'' by his son [[:en:Abdullah_I_Bikur|Abd]])))))) koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
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      <id>970915</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>SaadatuAliyu5484</username>
        <id>48956</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi</comment>
      <origin>970915</origin>
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      <text bytes="5368" sha1="jr6y8krk50bsjw4ofn6kzl4d6r5pe07" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Biri I Uthman
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 12 (shekaru 26-27) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1151-1177 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah I Bikur]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mai mulki
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1177 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Ghamtilú&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zainab
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abdullah I BikurBitku&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|}
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Biri I Uthman
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 12 (shekaru 26-27) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1151-1177 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah I Bikur]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mai mulki
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1177 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Ghamtilú&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zainab
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abdullah I BikurBitku&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|}
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

== manazarta==

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
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    <revision>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Biri I Uthman
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 12 (shekaru 26-27) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1151-1177 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah I Bikur]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mai mulki
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1177 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Ghamtilú&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zainab
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abdullah I BikurBitku&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|}
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

=== manazarta===

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970963</id>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Biri I Uthman
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 12 (shekaru 26-27) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1151-1177 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah I Bikur]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mai mulki
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1177 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Ghamtilú&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zainab
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abdullah I BikurBitku&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|}
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

=== manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
      <sha1>6ixw8q1d3q5zbqcog8xau7rvt2f515o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971019</id>
      <parentid>970963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[Bir I dan Kanem]] to [[Biri I Uthman]]</comment>
      <origin>970963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5358" sha1="6ixw8q1d3q5zbqcog8xau7rvt2f515o" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%&quot; |Biri I Uthman
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |Mai na [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Daular Kanem-Bornu]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sarauta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Karni na 12 (shekaru 26-27) &lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1151-1177 [ƙasa-alpha 1]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya riga ya kasance
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Wanda ya maye gurbinsa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Abdullah I Bikur]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mai mulki
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;height: 4px; width:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ya mutu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;abbr title=&quot;circa&quot;&gt;c.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1177 &lt;span class=&quot;deathplace&quot;&gt;&quot;Ghamtilú&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Matar aure
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Zainab
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Issue (genealogy)|Sakamakon]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Abdullah I BikurBitku&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Dynasty|Daular]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Sayfawa dynasty|Daular Sayfawa]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Dunama I Umemi]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uwar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Fasama]]
|}
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayani ==
{{Notelist}}

=== manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
      <sha1>6ixw8q1d3q5zbqcog8xau7rvt2f515o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971021</id>
      <parentid>971019</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:22:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971021</origin>
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      <text bytes="3789" sha1="t63qmepql8eeikyyjzg5yaobmf5guyv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''Biri I''' (Biri bin Dunama), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin '''Uthman Biri''' (ʿUthmān Biri bin Dunama, {{Efn|Bosworth (2012) uses Uthman Biri;&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt; most sources record him as just Biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/bostonuniversity02bost |title=Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History |date=1966 |publisher=Boston University Press |pages=51, 56, 61, 80 |chapter=The Bornu King Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is also incorrectly recorded as ''Dala'' (a name used in some sources for several ''mai''s named Abdullah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=H. R. |date=1912 |title=The Bornu Girgam |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/716085 |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=74–75 |issn=0368-4016 |jstor=716085}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya kasance mai (mai mulki) na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 12, yana mulki kusan 1151-1177.{{Efn|King lists ([[Girgam|''girgam''s]]) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign of either 26 years ([[Richmond Palmer|Palmer]], [[Yves Urvoy|Urvoy]]) or 27 years ([[Heinrich Barth|Barth]], [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]], [[Moïse Landeroin|Landeroin]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Due to this and to differing dates and calculations for other ''mai''s, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1151–1176 (Barth), 1151–1177 (Palmer), 1150–1176 (Urvoy), 1148–1175 (Landeroin), and 1205–1232 (Nachtigal).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Cohen (1966) considered a reign of 27 years most likely.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lange (1984) dated Biri's reign to 1140–1166&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lange |first=Dierk |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184287 |title=General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century |date= |website= |publisher=University of California |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101710-0 |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |pages=261 |language=en |chapter=The kingdoms and peoples of Chad}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Stewart (1989) dated it to 1150–1176.&lt;ref name=&quot;:024&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=John |title=African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present |publisher=McFarland &amp; Company |year=1989 |pp=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bosworth (2012) assigned a shorter reign to Biri than other authors, dating his reign to 1151–1174 (23 years).&lt;ref name=&quot;:023&quot; /&gt;}}

== Rayuwa ==
Biri ɗan mai [[Dunama I|Dunama I Umemi]] ne .  An kira mahaifiyarsa [[Fasama]]  kuma ta fito ne daga kabilar Kay (Koyam) ta [[Dirku|Dirkou]].  Biri ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin mai bayan an kashe Dunama a [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] yayin da yake Misira. Biri ya kasance, aƙalla a farkon mulkinsa, gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin tasirin mahaifiyarsa Fasama, wanda ke mulkin daular a matsayin mai mulki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; A matsayinta na mai mulki, ikon Fasama a bayyane ya rufe na Biri; ''Girgam'' (labaran sarauta na daular) ya rubuta wani abin da ya faru lokacin da aka kashe Biri ɓarawo, ya saba wa dokar Islama. A matsayin horo ga wannan, Fasama ta jefa Biri a kurkuku har tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biri daga ƙarshe ya zo da kansa a matsayin mai mulki kuma an tuna da shi a cikin al'adar da ta biyo baya a matsayin mai mulkin da ya koya sosai,  kodayake &quot;mai rauni a cikin halin da yake yi na gwamnati&quot;.  Biri ya yi mulki na shekaru 26-27.[a] An rubuta shafin mutuwarsa a matsayin Ghamtilú, &lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot; /&gt; ko bambance-bambance (Ghamtilú Bela Ghanna, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Gamtilo Jilarge,  &quot;Jilargen a ƙasar Gamtilo&quot; [3]). Ɗansa Abdullah I Bikur ne ya gaji Biri a matsayin mai.

== Bayanin Kula ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]]</text>
      <sha1>t63qmepql8eeikyyjzg5yaobmf5guyv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lokacin yankin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>970925</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:10:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SaadatuAliyu5484</username>
        <id>48956</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349085721|Local time]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>970925</origin>
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Lokaci na gida shine lokacin da aka kiyaye a wani yanki. Babu ma'anar canonical. Asalin yana nufin lokacin hasken rana, amma tun lokacin da aka gabatar da yankuna na lokaci gabaɗaya shine lokacin da aka ƙayyade ta yankin lokaci a zahiri, tare da lokacin adana hasken rana inda kuma lokacin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare an san wannan da lokaci na yau da kullun.

Wasu kafofin suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar lokacin gida don nufin ''Lokacin hasken rana'' ba kamar yadda ya saba da lokaci ba,(((((((((Some sources continue to use the term ''local time'' to mean ''solar time'' as opposed to ''standard time'', but they are in the minority.  Terms such as ''[[:en:Local_mean_time|local mean time]]'' also relate to solar time.))))))))) amma suna cikin 'yan tsiraru. Kalmomi irin su matsakaicin lokaci na gida suna da alaƙa da lokacin rana.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
      <sha1>8n8t3r7jspa66vr8cgt27ild1xcbvnx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970927</id>
      <parentid>970925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T14:12:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SaadatuAliyu5484</username>
        <id>48956</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi</comment>
      <origin>970927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="910" sha1="2acse7v3srwi93r04xs4sfvs1u03fsg" xml:space="preserve">
Lokaci na gida shine lokacin da aka kiyaye a wani yanki. Babu ma'anar canonical. Asalin yana nufin lokacin hasken rana, amma tun lokacin da aka gabatar da yankuna na lokaci gabaɗaya shine lokacin da aka ƙayyade ta yankin lokaci a zahiri, tare da lokacin adana hasken rana inda kuma lokacin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare an san wannan da lokaci na yau da kullun.

Wasu kafofin suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar lokacin gida don nufin ''Lokacin hasken rana'' ba kamar yadda ya saba da lokaci ba, amma suna cikin 'yan tsiraru. Kalmomi irin su matsakaicin lokaci na gida suna da alaƙa da lokacin rana.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
      <sha1>2acse7v3srwi93r04xs4sfvs1u03fsg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970946</id>
      <parentid>970927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:41:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bauchi 1</username>
        <id>40103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bayanan da aka ambata */</comment>
      <origin>970946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="898" sha1="kg5yk8qsxb8cdlbjwuw0wgnrkc9logi" xml:space="preserve">
Lokaci na gida shine lokacin da aka kiyaye a wani yanki. Babu ma'anar canonical. Asalin yana nufin lokacin hasken rana, amma tun lokacin da aka gabatar da yankuna na lokaci gabaɗaya shine lokacin da aka ƙayyade ta yankin lokaci a zahiri, tare da lokacin adana hasken rana inda kuma lokacin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare an san wannan da lokaci na yau da kullun.

Wasu kafofin suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar lokacin gida don nufin ''Lokacin hasken rana'' ba kamar yadda ya saba da lokaci ba, amma suna cikin 'yan tsiraru. Kalmomi irin su matsakaicin lokaci na gida suna da alaƙa da lokacin rana.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

== manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>kg5yk8qsxb8cdlbjwuw0wgnrkc9logi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970947</id>
      <parentid>970946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:41:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bauchi 1</username>
        <id>40103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* manazarta */</comment>
      <origin>970947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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Lokaci na gida shine lokacin da aka kiyaye a wani yanki. Babu ma'anar canonical. Asalin yana nufin lokacin hasken rana, amma tun lokacin da aka gabatar da yankuna na lokaci gabaɗaya shine lokacin da aka ƙayyade ta yankin lokaci a zahiri, tare da lokacin adana hasken rana inda kuma lokacin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare an san wannan da lokaci na yau da kullun.

Wasu kafofin suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar lokacin gida don nufin ''Lokacin hasken rana'' ba kamar yadda ya saba da lokaci ba, amma suna cikin 'yan tsiraru. Kalmomi irin su matsakaicin lokaci na gida suna da alaƙa da lokacin rana.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

=== manazarta ===</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970949</id>
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        <username>Bauchi 1</username>
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Lokaci na gida shine lokacin da aka kiyaye a wani yanki. Babu ma'anar canonical. Asalin yana nufin lokacin hasken rana, amma tun lokacin da aka gabatar da yankuna na lokaci gabaɗaya shine lokacin da aka ƙayyade ta yankin lokaci a zahiri, tare da lokacin adana hasken rana inda kuma lokacin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare an san wannan da lokaci na yau da kullun.

Wasu kafofin suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar lokacin gida don nufin ''Lokacin hasken rana'' ba kamar yadda ya saba da lokaci ba, amma suna cikin 'yan tsiraru. Kalmomi irin su matsakaicin lokaci na gida suna da alaƙa da lokacin rana.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

=== manazarta ===</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970950</id>
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        <id>40103</id>
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      <origin>970950</origin>
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Lokaci na gida shine lokacin da aka kiyaye a wani yanki. Babu ma'anar canonical. Asalin yana nufin lokacin hasken rana, amma tun lokacin da aka gabatar da yankuna na lokaci gabaɗaya shine lokacin da aka ƙayyade ta yankin lokaci a zahiri, tare da lokacin adana hasken rana inda kuma lokacin da ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare an san wannan da lokaci na yau da kullun.

Wasu kafofin suna ci gaba da amfani da kalmar lokacin gida don nufin ''Lokacin hasken rana'' ba kamar yadda ya saba da lokaci ba, amma suna cikin 'yan tsiraru. Kalmomi irin su matsakaicin lokaci na gida suna da alaƙa da lokacin rana.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

=== manazarta ===</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>970952</id>
      <parentid>970950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:47:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bauchi 1</username>
        <id>40103</id>
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      <origin>970952</origin>
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Lokacin gida shi ne lokacin da ake amfani da shi a wani yanki na ƙasa. Ba shi da wata ma'ana guda ɗaya da aka amince da ita a hukumance. Tun asali, ana amfani da kalmar ne wajen nufin lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga matsayin rana. Amma tun bayan da aka fara amfani da yankunan lokaci, kalmar ta fi nufin lokacin da aka ƙayyade bisa ga yankin lokaci da ake ciki, tare da ƙarin sa'a ta lokacin bazara (daylight saving time) a wuraren da ake amfani da ita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare, ana kiran wannan da daidaitaccen lokaci (standard time).

Wasu majiyoyi har yanzu suna amfani da kalmar lokacin gida wajen nufin lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga matsayin rana, maimakon lokacin da aka tsara bisa ga yankin lokaci. Sai dai wannan amfani ba shi ne mafi rinjaye ba. Wasu kalmomi, kamar matsakaicin lokacin gida (local mean time), suna da alaƙa da lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga motsin rana.


 A wasu wurare an 
== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

=== manazarta ===</text>
      <sha1>772rj6ifotxgbz152vcxotexflgx21x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970953</id>
      <parentid>970952</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T15:47:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bauchi 1</username>
        <id>40103</id>
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      <origin>970953</origin>
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Lokacin gida shi ne lokacin da ake amfani da shi a wani yanki na ƙasa. Ba shi da wata ma'ana guda ɗaya da aka amince da ita a hukumance. Tun asali, ana amfani da kalmar ne wajen nufin lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga matsayin rana. Amma tun bayan da aka fara amfani da yankunan lokaci, kalmar ta fi nufin lokacin da aka ƙayyade bisa ga yankin lokaci da ake ciki, tare da ƙarin sa'a ta lokacin bazara (daylight saving time) a wuraren da ake amfani da ita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare, ana kiran wannan da daidaitaccen lokaci (standard time).

Wasu majiyoyi har yanzu suna amfani da kalmar lokacin gida wajen nufin lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga matsayin rana, maimakon lokacin da aka tsara bisa ga yankin lokaci. Sai dai wannan amfani ba shi ne mafi rinjaye ba. Wasu kalmomi, kamar matsakaicin lokacin gida (local mean time), suna da alaƙa da lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga motsin rana.


== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

=== manazarta ===</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>970960</id>
      <parentid>970953</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T16:16:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bauchi 1</username>
        <id>40103</id>
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      <origin>970960</origin>
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Lokacin gida shi ne lokacin da ake amfani da shi a wani yanki na ƙasa. Ba shi da wata ma'ana guda ɗaya da aka amince da ita a hukumance. Tun asali, ana amfani da kalmar ne wajen nufin lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga matsayin rana. Amma tun bayan da aka fara amfani da yankunan lokaci, kalmar ta fi nufin lokacin da aka ƙayyade bisa ga yankin lokaci da ake ciki, tare da ƙarin sa'a ta lokacin bazara  a wuraren da ake amfani da ita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://oed.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasu wurare, ana kiran wannan da daidaitaccen lokaci (standard time).

Wasu majiyoyi har yanzu suna amfani da kalmar lokacin gida wajen nufin lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga matsayin rana, maimakon lokacin da aka tsara bisa ga yankin lokaci. Sai dai wannan amfani ba shi ne mafi rinjaye ba. Wasu kalmomi, kamar matsakaicin lokacin gida (local mean time), suna da alaƙa da lokacin da ake ƙayyade bisa ga motsin rana.


== Dubi kuma ==

* Lokaci na gari
** Lokacin hasken rana
* Lokaci na gida (ƙididdiga) 
* Lokaci na gida a cikin Ka'idar Lorentz ether
* Lokaci na yau da kullun
* UTC
* GMT

=== manazarta ===</text>
      <sha1>fl0upd06ccdt6o2vgtssj5e7uwnjosh</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179895</id>
    <redirect title="Abdul Hamid Al-Dabiba" />
    <revision>
      <id>970980</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:32:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>أوس</username>
        <id>45161</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>أوس moved page [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]] to [[Abdul Hamid Al-Dabiba]]</comment>
      <origin>970980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="4y97otpi89h8zso10czkinecjx1j7ox" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Abdul Hamid Al-Dabiba]]</text>
      <sha1>4y97otpi89h8zso10czkinecjx1j7ox</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Methyl cyanoacrylate</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179896</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971001</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T17:59:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
        <id>48635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342020610|Methyl cyanoacrylate]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971001</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1303" sha1="jwvorx07e34c55x5rzlpchokxbklyfe" xml:space="preserve">'''[[Methyl group|methyl]] cyanoacrylate''' ('''MCA'''; kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa '''α-cyanoacrylate''' ko alpha-cyano acrylate) wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi [[Functional group|ƙungiyoyi masu aiki]] da yawa: methyl [[Ester]], [[nitrile]], da [[alkene]]. Ruwa ne mara launi tare da ƙarancin viscosity. Babban amfani da shi shine a matsayin babban bangare na [[Cyanoacrylate|Glue na cyanoacrylate]], wanda ake kira [[superglue]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sticky Science – The Chemistry of Superglue |url=https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/10/15/superglue/ |website=Compound Interest}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya haɗuwa da shi a ƙarƙashin [[Trade name|Sunayen kasuwanci]] da yawa. M[[ethyl cyanoacrylate]] ba a yawan haɗuwa da shi fiye da ethyl cyano acrylate.

Yana narkewa a cikin acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, da dichloromethane. MCA polymerizes da sauri a gaban danshi.

== Tsaro ==
Rashin zafi na polymer yana haifar da depolymerization na MCA da aka warkar, yana samar da samfuran gas waɗanda ke da ƙarfi ga [[huhu]] da idanu. 
Game da bayyanar aiki ga MCA, Cibiyar Kula da Tsaro da Lafiya ta Kasa ta ba da shawarar ma'aikata kada su wuce bayyanar sama da 2 ppm (8 MG / m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) a kan aikin awa takwas, ko sama da 4 ppm (16 MG / m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;).

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>jwvorx07e34c55x5rzlpchokxbklyfe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971002</id>
      <parentid>971001</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:00:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
        <id>48635</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971002</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1315" sha1="0rc67qax7wpt5wxspi1fyrapnfkfeb6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''[[Methyl group|methyl]] cyanoacrylate''' ('''MCA'''; kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa '''α-cyanoacrylate''' ko alpha-cyano acrylate) wani fili ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi [[Functional group|ƙungiyoyi masu aiki]] da yawa: methyl [[Ester]], [[nitrile]], da [[alkene]]. Ruwa ne mara launi tare da ƙarancin viscosity. Babban amfani da shi shine a matsayin babban bangare na [[Cyanoacrylate|Glue na cyanoacrylate]], wanda ake kira [[superglue]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sticky Science – The Chemistry of Superglue |url=https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/10/15/superglue/ |website=Compound Interest}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya haɗuwa da shi a ƙarƙashin [[Trade name|Sunayen kasuwanci]] da yawa. M[[ethyl cyanoacrylate]] ba a yawan haɗuwa da shi fiye da ethyl cyano acrylate.

Yana narkewa a cikin acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, da dichloromethane. MCA polymerizes da sauri a gaban danshi.

== Tsaro ==
Rashin zafi na polymer yana haifar da depolymerization na MCA da aka warkar, yana samar da samfuran gas waɗanda ke da ƙarfi ga [[huhu]] da idanu. 
Game da bayyanar aiki ga MCA, Cibiyar Kula da Tsaro da Lafiya ta Kasa ta ba da shawarar ma'aikata kada su wuce bayyanar sama da 2 ppm (8 MG / m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) a kan aikin awa takwas, ko sama da 4 ppm (16 MG / m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;).

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pasiphaë</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179897</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971003</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:07:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
        <id>48635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377074366|Pasiphaë]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971003</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="12160" sha1="rdo3t101n4vmks7cu29y1wrodqrkli6" xml:space="preserve">
A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Pasiphaë'''{{Efn|{{langx|grc|Πασιφάη|Pāsipháē|lit=wide-shining}}, derived from the dative plural {{lang|grc|πᾶσι}} {{translit|grc|pasi}} 'for all' and {{lang|grc|φάος/φῶς}} {{translit|grc|phaos/phos}} 'light';&lt;ref&gt;An attribute of the Moon, as [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] remarked in passing (i.43.96): compare [[Euryphaessa]]; if Pasipháē is an ancient conventional Minoan [[epithet]] translated into Greek, it would be a &quot;loan translation&quot;, or [[calque]].&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA|en|pəˈsɪfiiː|pron}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Wells | first1 = John C. | author-link1 = John C. Wells | title = Longman Pronunciation Dictionary | chapter = Pasiphae, Pasiphaë | publisher = Pearson Longman | year = 2009 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4058-8118-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Respell|pə|SIF|ee}} or {{IPA|en|pəˈsɪfəˌiː}}, {{Respell|pə|SIF|uh|ee}}}} 'yar [[Helios]] ce, sarauniya ta tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]], kuma mahaifiyar [[Minotaur]]. Bayan mijinta [[Minos]] ya kasa yin hadaya da Bull na Crete ga [[Poseidon]] kamar yadda ya yi alkawari, allahn ya la'anta Pasiphaë ya ƙaunaci bijimin. Ta sa [[Daedalus]] ta gina wata saniya ta katako don ta ɓoye a ciki, wanda ta yi amfani da ita don yin jima'i da bijimin; bayan haka, ta haifi Minotaur.

== Iyali ==
Yawancin tsoffin kafofin sun bayyana Pasiphaë a matsayin 'yar Helios, allahn rana, da Farisa, Oceanid. Marubucin da aka fi sani da ya kira Helios mahaifinta shine mai magana na ƙarni na 4 Isocrates. Diodorus Siculus a maimakon haka ya ba da tsibirin Karita a matsayin mahaifiyarta, kuma Plutarch ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta shine Titan Atlas.

Pasiphaë ta Turai Minos, sarkin tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]] kuma ɗan Zeus da Europa. A cewar marubucin tarihin Apollodorus na ƙarni na 2 AD, 'ya'yan ma'aurata sune Katreus, Deucalion, [[Androgeus (ɗan Minos)|Androgeus]], Glaucus, Acacallis, Ariadne, [[Phaedra (tatsuniyoyi)|Phaedra]], da Xenodice. Ta hanyar bijimi da allahn Poseidon ya ba tsibirin Krita, Pasiphaë ita ce mahaifiyar Minotaur.

== Labaran Tarihi ==
[[File:Pompeii_-_Casa_dei_Vettii_-_Pasiphae.jpg|right|thumb|Daedalus ya gabatar da saniya ta wucin gadi ga Pasiphaë: Roman fresco a cikin House of the Vettii, Pompeii, ƙarni na 1 AZ.]]

=== Haihuwar Minotaur ===
Ana buƙatar [[Minos]] ya miƙa hadaya &quot;mafi kyawun bijimi da aka haifa a cikin garkensa&quot; ga [[Poseidon]] a kowace shekara. Shekara guda, an haifi kyakkyawan farin dusar ƙanƙara: Cretan Bull . Minos ya ki yin hadaya da dabba, kuma ya miƙa hadaya da wani bijimi mai ƙasƙanci a maimakon haka. A matsayin horo, Poseidon ya la'anta Pasiphaë don ya sami sha'awar bijimin Crete.

Daga ƙarshe, Pasiphaë ta tafi Daedalus kuma ta nemi ta taimaka wa mijinta da bijimin. Daedalus sa'an nan kuma ya kirkiro wata saniya mai katako da aka rufe da ainihin fatar saniya, wanda ya dace da yaudari Cretan Bull. Pasiphaë ta hau cikin tsarin, ta ba da damar bijimin ya yi jima'i da ita. Pasiphaë ta yi juna biyu kuma ta haifi rabin mutum rabin naman sa wanda ke cin nama kawai. An kira yaron Asterion (ko Asterius), bayan sarki na baya, amma ana kiransa Minotaur (&quot;kwarmin Minos&quot;).

Labarin haɗin Pasiphaë da bijimi da kuma haihuwar Minotaur shine batun wasan da [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] ya ɓace na Creteans, wanda kaɗan daga cikinsu sun tsira. Sashe sun haɗa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na firistoci da ke gabatar da kansu da kuma yin magana da Minos, wani (watakila mai kula da ruwa) yana sanar da Minos game da yanayin jaririn (yana sanar da Minus da masu sauraro, da sauransu, cewa Pasiphaë yana shayar da Minotaur kamar jariri), da kuma tattaunawa tsakanin Pasiphaë da Minos inda suke jayayya game da abin da ke tsakanin su ne ke da alhakin. An adana jawabin Pasiphaë na kare kanta, amsar zarge-zargen Minos (ba a adana shi ba) inda ta nemi gafara saboda yin aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawar ikon allahntaka, kuma ta nace cewa wanda za a zargi shi ne Minos, wanda ya fusata allahn teku.&lt;blockquote&gt;Fassara:

Idan na sayar da kyaututtuka na Kypris, na ba da jikina a asirce ga wani mutum, za ku sami damar hukunta ni a matsayin karuwa. Amma wannan ba aikin nufin ba ne; ina fama da wasu hauka da Allah ya kawo. 
Ba gaskiya ba ne! 
Me zan iya gani a cikin bijimi don kai hari ga zuciyata da wannan sha'awar kunya? 
Shin ya yi kama da kyakkyawa a cikin rigarsa? 
Shin teku ta wuta ta yi haske a idanunsa? 
Shin jan gashinsa ne, gemu mai duhu?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Masana almara da marubutan Ruck da Staples sun ce &quot;Bull shine tsohuwar Poseidon kafin Olympian&quot;.

=== Bambance-bambance a kan tatsuniyar ===
Pseudo-Apollodorus ya ambaci wani dalili daban-daban na dalilin da ya sa Poseidon ya la'anta Pasiphaë; yana mai cewa Minos yana so ya zama sarki, kuma ya kira Poseidon ya aiko masa da bijimi don ya tabbatar wa masarautar cewa ya sami ikon mallaka daga alloli. Bayan ya kira Poseidon, Minos ya kasa yin hadaya da bijimin, kamar yadda Poseidon yake so, ya sa allah ya yi fushi da shi.

A cewar marubucin karni na shida BC Bacchylides, Aphrodite ne ya aiko da la'anar  kuma Hyginus ya ce wannan saboda Pasiphaë ya yi watsi da bautar Aphrodites na shekaru.  A cikin wani juzu'i, Aphrodite ta la'anta Pasiphaë (kazalika da 'yan uwanta mata da yawa) tare da sha'awar jima'i mara kyau a matsayin fansa ga mahaifinta Helios,  domin ya bayyana wa mijinta Hephaestus sirrinta da Ares, allahn yaƙi, wanda ya sami ƙiyayya ta har abada ta Aphrodites ga kansa da dukan tserensa.  

A wasu al'adun da ba a sani ba, ba bijimin Poseidon ba ne amma mahaifin Minos Zeus ya yi kama da wanda ya yi jima'i da Pasiphaë kuma ya haifi Minotaur. Wani tsohuwar ƙamus na Helenanci ya ambaci al'ada inda Zeus da Pasiphaë su ne iyayen allahn Masar Amun, wanda aka gano shi da Zeus.

=== La'anar Pasiphaë ===
A wasu fannoni, Pasiphaë, kamar 'yar uwarta Medea, ta kasance uwargidan zane-zane na sihiri a cikin tunanin Girka. Marubucin Bibliotheke ya rubuta kyawawan halaye da ta sanya a kan Minos wanda ya sa ya zubar da macizai, kunama, da kwari a duk lokacin da ya kwanta tare da wata mace, ya kashe su. Koyaya, [[Procris]], bayan cinye ciyawa mai kariya, ya kwanta tare da Minos ba tare da hukunci ba.

A Rana juzu'i, wannan cuta da ba a bayyana ba wacce ta azabtar da Minos ta kashe dukkan ƙwaraƙwaransa kuma ta hana shi da Pasiphaë samun yara (kunya da macizai ba su cutar da Pasiphaé ba, saboda ita yarinya ce marar mutuwa ta Sun). Daga nan sai Procris ya saka kwayar awaki a cikin wata mace, ya gaya wa Minos ya zubar da kunama a can, sannan ya tura shi zuwa Pasiphaë. Ta haka ne ma'auratan suka sami damar daukar ciki na yara takwas. Rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa wannan shine takardun zamani na farko na sheath ko condom, kodayake a maimakon haka yana aiki don inganta haihuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peel |first=John |last2=Finch |first2=B. E. |last3=Green |first3=Hugh |date=March 1965 |title=Contraception through the Ages. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2173294 |journal=Population Studies |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=330 |doi=10.2307/2173294 |jstor=2173294 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daedalus da Icarus ===
A cikin wani labari, Pasiphaë ya ba Daedalus da ɗansa Icarus jirgin ruwa don tserewa daga Minos da tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]]. A wani, ta taimaka masa ya ɓoye har sai ya yi fuka-fuki da aka yi da albasa da gashin tsuntsaye.

=== Bambance-bambance game da mutuwar Pasiphaë ===
Duk da yake Pasiphaë allahiya ce marar mutuwa a wasu matani, wasu marubuta sun bi da ita a matsayin mace mai mutuwa, kamar [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] wanda a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa Cretans ya yanke mata hukuncin kisa (wanda ya faru ba shi da tabbas, saboda babu wani sashi mai dacewa da ya tsira). A cikin [[Virgil]]'s ''Aeneid'', Aeneas ya gan ta lokacin da ya ziyarci duniyar, yana kwatanta Pasiphae da ke zaune a cikin Mournful Fields, wurin da masoya masu zunubi ke zaune.

== Mutumin Pasiphaë ==
A cikin fahimtar almara game da tatsuniyar Minoan,  Pasiphaë da Daedalus'  gina saniya ta katako ya ba ta damar gamsar da sha'awarta  ga Bull na Cretan. Ta hanyar wannan fassarar an rage ta daga wani adadi mai kusa da allahntaka (ɗan Rana) zuwa wani nau'i na lalata da dabba mai ban tsoro da kuma wuce gona da iri na sha'awa da yaudara.

Pasiphaë ya bayyana a cikin [[Virgil]]'s Eclogue VI (45-60), a cikin jerin Silenus na batutuwan da suka dace na almara, wanda Virgil ya kasance a cikin irin wannan daki-daki cewa ya ba da layi goma sha shida nauyin taƙaitaccen labari.

A cikin ''Ars Amatoria'' na Ovid, Pasiphaë an tsara shi a cikin sharuddan zoophilic:

''Pasiphae fieri gaudebat adultera tauri'' - &quot;Pasiphaë ta yi farin ciki da zama zina da bijimi&quot;.

Sau da yawa ana haɗa Pasiphaë a cikin jerin sunayen mata masu ban mamaki da ke ƙarƙashin sha'awa; wasu mata sun haɗa da [[Phaedra (tatsuniyoyi)|Phaedra]], Byblis, Myrrha, Scylla da Semiramis . Masana suna ganinta a matsayin zunubi na cin zarafin dabba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blumenfeld-Kosinski |first=Renate |date=1996 |title=The Scandal of Pasiphae: Narration and Interpretation in the &quot;Ovide moralisé&quot; |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/438324 |journal=Modern Philology |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=307–326 |doi=10.1086/392321 |issn=0026-8232 |jstor=438324 |s2cid=162197853 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Ars Amatoria'' ta nuna kishi na Pasiphaë game da shanu; tana tsinkaye a gaban madubi yayin da take kuka cewa ba saniya ba ce kuma tana kashe abokan hamayyarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Addinin Pasiphaë ==

=== A kan duba ===
A cikin ƙasar Girka, ana bauta wa Pasiphaë a matsayin allahiya a Thalamae, ɗaya daga cikin asalin ''koine'' na Sparta. Masanin ilimin ƙasa Pausanias ya bayyana wurin ibada a matsayin karami, wanda ke kusa da rafi mai haske, kuma yana kewaye da siffofin tagulla na Helios da Pasiphaë. Labarinsa kuma ya daidaita Pasiphaë da Ino da allahiyar wata Selene .

[[Cicero]] ya rubuta a cikin De Divinatione 1.96 cewa Spartan ephors za su yi barci a masallacin Pasiphaë, suna neman mafarkai na annabci don taimaka musu a cikin mulki. A cewar Plutarch,  al'ummar Spartan sau biyu sun sha wahala daga manyan rikice-rikice da mafarkin ephors ya haifar a wurin ibada a zamanin Hellenistic. A wani lamari, wani ephor ya yi mafarki cewa an cire wasu kujerun abokan aikinsa daga agora, kuma cewa murya ta kira &quot;wannan ya fi kyau ga Sparta&quot;; wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, Sarki Cleomenes ya yi aiki don karfafa ikon sarauta. Har ila yau a lokacin mulkin Sarki Agis, da yawa ephors sun kawo mutane cikin tawaye tare da annabawa daga masallacin Pasiphaë suna alkawarin biyan bashin da sake rarraba ƙasa.

=== Allahn sama ===
A cikin Bayani na Girka, Pausanias ya daidaita Pasiphaë da Selene, yana nuna cewa ana bauta wa adadi a matsayin Allahn wata. Koyaya, ƙarin bincike game da Addinin Minoan ya nuna cewa rana mace ce, tana nuna cewa Pasiphaë asalin allahiya ce ta hasken rana, fassarar da ta dace da kwatancinta a matsayin 'yar Helios. bijimin Poseidon na iya zama abin da ya rage na bijimin wata wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Addinin Mesopotamiya na dā.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bull (Mythology) |url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/BullMythology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065256/http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/BullMythology.html |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2015-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A zamanin yau, Pasiphaë da ɗanta, Minotaur, suna da alaƙa da alamar taurari na Taurus.

== Sauran wakilci ==

=== Wakilin kimiyya ===
Ɗaya daga cikin watanni 79 na Jupiter, wanda aka gano a cikin 1908, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Pasiphaë, matar almara ta Minotaur.

=== Bayanan wallafe-wallafen ===
An ambaci Pasiphaé a cikin Canto 12 na [[Dante Alighieri]]'s Inferno . Lokacin da Dante ya sadu da Minotaur, ya bayyana hanyar da ba ta dace ba da kuma yaudara game da tunanin dabbar.

Tarin waƙoƙin Fiona Benson na uku, ''Ephemeron'', ya ƙunshi wani dogon sashi mai taken Translations from the Pasiphaë inda ta sake ba da labarin Minotaur daga ra'ayin mahaifiyar bijimin.

== Halin asali ==

== Dubi kuma ==

== Bayani ==

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="12171" sha1="qcbjb3g1s4srhi9x7keopofzmhyn54j" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Pasiphaë'''{{Efn|{{langx|grc|Πασιφάη|Pāsipháē|lit=wide-shining}}, derived from the dative plural {{lang|grc|πᾶσι}} {{translit|grc|pasi}} 'for all' and {{lang|grc|φάος/φῶς}} {{translit|grc|phaos/phos}} 'light';&lt;ref&gt;An attribute of the Moon, as [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] remarked in passing (i.43.96): compare [[Euryphaessa]]; if Pasipháē is an ancient conventional Minoan [[epithet]] translated into Greek, it would be a &quot;loan translation&quot;, or [[calque]].&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA|en|pəˈsɪfiiː|pron}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Wells | first1 = John C. | author-link1 = John C. Wells | title = Longman Pronunciation Dictionary | chapter = Pasiphae, Pasiphaë | publisher = Pearson Longman | year = 2009 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4058-8118-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Respell|pə|SIF|ee}} or {{IPA|en|pəˈsɪfəˌiː}}, {{Respell|pə|SIF|uh|ee}}}} 'yar [[Helios]] ce, sarauniya ta tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]], kuma mahaifiyar [[Minotaur]]. Bayan mijinta [[Minos]] ya kasa yin hadaya da Bull na Crete ga [[Poseidon]] kamar yadda ya yi alkawari, allahn ya la'anta Pasiphaë ya ƙaunaci bijimin. Ta sa [[Daedalus]] ta gina wata saniya ta katako don ta ɓoye a ciki, wanda ta yi amfani da ita don yin jima'i da bijimin; bayan haka, ta haifi Minotaur.

== Iyali ==
Yawancin tsoffin kafofin sun bayyana Pasiphaë a matsayin 'yar Helios, allahn rana, da Farisa, Oceanid. Marubucin da aka fi sani da ya kira Helios mahaifinta shine mai magana na ƙarni na 4 Isocrates. Diodorus Siculus a maimakon haka ya ba da tsibirin Karita a matsayin mahaifiyarta, kuma Plutarch ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta shine Titan Atlas.

Pasiphaë ta Turai Minos, sarkin tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]] kuma ɗan Zeus da Europa. A cewar marubucin tarihin Apollodorus na ƙarni na 2 AD, 'ya'yan ma'aurata sune Katreus, Deucalion, [[Androgeus (ɗan Minos)|Androgeus]], Glaucus, Acacallis, Ariadne, [[Phaedra (tatsuniyoyi)|Phaedra]], da Xenodice. Ta hanyar bijimi da allahn Poseidon ya ba tsibirin Krita, Pasiphaë ita ce mahaifiyar Minotaur.

== Labaran Tarihi ==
[[File:Pompeii_-_Casa_dei_Vettii_-_Pasiphae.jpg|right|thumb|Daedalus ya gabatar da saniya ta wucin gadi ga Pasiphaë: Roman fresco a cikin House of the Vettii, Pompeii, ƙarni na 1 AZ.]]

=== Haihuwar Minotaur ===
Ana buƙatar [[Minos]] ya miƙa hadaya &quot;mafi kyawun bijimi da aka haifa a cikin garkensa&quot; ga [[Poseidon]] a kowace shekara. Shekara guda, an haifi kyakkyawan farin dusar ƙanƙara: Cretan Bull . Minos ya ki yin hadaya da dabba, kuma ya miƙa hadaya da wani bijimi mai ƙasƙanci a maimakon haka. A matsayin horo, Poseidon ya la'anta Pasiphaë don ya sami sha'awar bijimin Crete.

Daga ƙarshe, Pasiphaë ta tafi Daedalus kuma ta nemi ta taimaka wa mijinta da bijimin. Daedalus sa'an nan kuma ya kirkiro wata saniya mai katako da aka rufe da ainihin fatar saniya, wanda ya dace da yaudari Cretan Bull. Pasiphaë ta hau cikin tsarin, ta ba da damar bijimin ya yi jima'i da ita. Pasiphaë ta yi juna biyu kuma ta haifi rabin mutum rabin naman sa wanda ke cin nama kawai. An kira yaron Asterion (ko Asterius), bayan sarki na baya, amma ana kiransa Minotaur (&quot;kwarmin Minos&quot;).

Labarin haɗin Pasiphaë da bijimi da kuma haihuwar Minotaur shine batun wasan da [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] ya ɓace na Creteans, wanda kaɗan daga cikinsu sun tsira. Sashe sun haɗa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na firistoci da ke gabatar da kansu da kuma yin magana da Minos, wani (watakila mai kula da ruwa) yana sanar da Minos game da yanayin jaririn (yana sanar da Minus da masu sauraro, da sauransu, cewa Pasiphaë yana shayar da Minotaur kamar jariri), da kuma tattaunawa tsakanin Pasiphaë da Minos inda suke jayayya game da abin da ke tsakanin su ne ke da alhakin. An adana jawabin Pasiphaë na kare kanta, amsar zarge-zargen Minos (ba a adana shi ba) inda ta nemi gafara saboda yin aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawar ikon allahntaka, kuma ta nace cewa wanda za a zargi shi ne Minos, wanda ya fusata allahn teku.&lt;blockquote&gt;Fassara:

Idan na sayar da kyaututtuka na Kypris, na ba da jikina a asirce ga wani mutum, za ku sami damar hukunta ni a matsayin karuwa. Amma wannan ba aikin nufin ba ne; ina fama da wasu hauka da Allah ya kawo. 
Ba gaskiya ba ne! 
Me zan iya gani a cikin bijimi don kai hari ga zuciyata da wannan sha'awar kunya? 
Shin ya yi kama da kyakkyawa a cikin rigarsa? 
Shin teku ta wuta ta yi haske a idanunsa? 
Shin jan gashinsa ne, gemu mai duhu?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Masana almara da marubutan Ruck da Staples sun ce &quot;Bull shine tsohuwar Poseidon kafin Olympian&quot;.

=== Bambance-bambance a kan tatsuniyar ===
Pseudo-Apollodorus ya ambaci wani dalili daban-daban na dalilin da ya sa Poseidon ya la'anta Pasiphaë; yana mai cewa Minos yana so ya zama sarki, kuma ya kira Poseidon ya aiko masa da bijimi don ya tabbatar wa masarautar cewa ya sami ikon mallaka daga alloli. Bayan ya kira Poseidon, Minos ya kasa yin hadaya da bijimin, kamar yadda Poseidon yake so, ya sa allah ya yi fushi da shi.

A cewar marubucin karni na shida BC Bacchylides, Aphrodite ne ya aiko da la'anar  kuma Hyginus ya ce wannan saboda Pasiphaë ya yi watsi da bautar Aphrodites na shekaru.  A cikin wani juzu'i, Aphrodite ta la'anta Pasiphaë (kazalika da 'yan uwanta mata da yawa) tare da sha'awar jima'i mara kyau a matsayin fansa ga mahaifinta Helios,  domin ya bayyana wa mijinta Hephaestus sirrinta da Ares, allahn yaƙi, wanda ya sami ƙiyayya ta har abada ta Aphrodites ga kansa da dukan tserensa.  

A wasu al'adun da ba a sani ba, ba bijimin Poseidon ba ne amma mahaifin Minos Zeus ya yi kama da wanda ya yi jima'i da Pasiphaë kuma ya haifi Minotaur. Wani tsohuwar ƙamus na Helenanci ya ambaci al'ada inda Zeus da Pasiphaë su ne iyayen allahn Masar Amun, wanda aka gano shi da Zeus.

=== La'anar Pasiphaë ===
A wasu fannoni, Pasiphaë, kamar 'yar uwarta Medea, ta kasance uwargidan zane-zane na sihiri a cikin tunanin Girka. Marubucin Bibliotheke ya rubuta kyawawan halaye da ta sanya a kan Minos wanda ya sa ya zubar da macizai, kunama, da kwari a duk lokacin da ya kwanta tare da wata mace, ya kashe su. Koyaya, [[Procris]], bayan cinye ciyawa mai kariya, ya kwanta tare da Minos ba tare da hukunci ba.

A Rana juzu'i, wannan cuta da ba a bayyana ba wacce ta azabtar da Minos ta kashe dukkan ƙwaraƙwaransa kuma ta hana shi da Pasiphaë samun yara (kunya da macizai ba su cutar da Pasiphaé ba, saboda ita yarinya ce marar mutuwa ta Sun). Daga nan sai Procris ya saka kwayar awaki a cikin wata mace, ya gaya wa Minos ya zubar da kunama a can, sannan ya tura shi zuwa Pasiphaë. Ta haka ne ma'auratan suka sami damar daukar ciki na yara takwas. Rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa wannan shine takardun zamani na farko na sheath ko condom, kodayake a maimakon haka yana aiki don inganta haihuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peel |first=John |last2=Finch |first2=B. E. |last3=Green |first3=Hugh |date=March 1965 |title=Contraception through the Ages. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2173294 |journal=Population Studies |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=330 |doi=10.2307/2173294 |jstor=2173294 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daedalus da Icarus ===
A cikin wani labari, Pasiphaë ya ba Daedalus da ɗansa Icarus jirgin ruwa don tserewa daga Minos da tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]]. A wani, ta taimaka masa ya ɓoye har sai ya yi fuka-fuki da aka yi da albasa da gashin tsuntsaye.

=== Bambance-bambance game da mutuwar Pasiphaë ===
Duk da yake Pasiphaë allahiya ce marar mutuwa a wasu matani, wasu marubuta sun bi da ita a matsayin mace mai mutuwa, kamar [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] wanda a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa Cretans ya yanke mata hukuncin kisa (wanda ya faru ba shi da tabbas, saboda babu wani sashi mai dacewa da ya tsira). A cikin [[Virgil]]'s ''Aeneid'', Aeneas ya gan ta lokacin da ya ziyarci duniyar, yana kwatanta Pasiphae da ke zaune a cikin Mournful Fields, wurin da masoya masu zunubi ke zaune.

== Mutumin Pasiphaë ==
A cikin fahimtar almara game da tatsuniyar Minoan,  Pasiphaë da Daedalus'  gina saniya ta katako ya ba ta damar gamsar da sha'awarta  ga Bull na Cretan. Ta hanyar wannan fassarar an rage ta daga wani adadi mai kusa da allahntaka (ɗan Rana) zuwa wani nau'i na lalata da dabba mai ban tsoro da kuma wuce gona da iri na sha'awa da yaudara.

Pasiphaë ya bayyana a cikin [[Virgil]]'s Eclogue VI (45-60), a cikin jerin Silenus na batutuwan da suka dace na almara, wanda Virgil ya kasance a cikin irin wannan daki-daki cewa ya ba da layi goma sha shida nauyin taƙaitaccen labari.

A cikin ''Ars Amatoria'' na Ovid, Pasiphaë an tsara shi a cikin sharuddan zoophilic:

''Pasiphae fieri gaudebat adultera tauri'' - &quot;Pasiphaë ta yi farin ciki da zama zina da bijimi&quot;.

Sau da yawa ana haɗa Pasiphaë a cikin jerin sunayen mata masu ban mamaki da ke ƙarƙashin sha'awa; wasu mata sun haɗa da [[Phaedra (tatsuniyoyi)|Phaedra]], Byblis, Myrrha, Scylla da Semiramis . Masana suna ganinta a matsayin zunubi na cin zarafin dabba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blumenfeld-Kosinski |first=Renate |date=1996 |title=The Scandal of Pasiphae: Narration and Interpretation in the &quot;Ovide moralisé&quot; |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/438324 |journal=Modern Philology |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=307–326 |doi=10.1086/392321 |issn=0026-8232 |jstor=438324 |s2cid=162197853 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Ars Amatoria'' ta nuna kishi na Pasiphaë game da shanu; tana tsinkaye a gaban madubi yayin da take kuka cewa ba saniya ba ce kuma tana kashe abokan hamayyarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Addinin Pasiphaë ==

=== A kan duba ===
A cikin ƙasar Girka, ana bauta wa Pasiphaë a matsayin allahiya a Thalamae, ɗaya daga cikin asalin ''koine'' na Sparta. Masanin ilimin ƙasa Pausanias ya bayyana wurin ibada a matsayin karami, wanda ke kusa da rafi mai haske, kuma yana kewaye da siffofin tagulla na Helios da Pasiphaë. Labarinsa kuma ya daidaita Pasiphaë da Ino da allahiyar wata Selene .

[[Cicero]] ya rubuta a cikin De Divinatione 1.96 cewa Spartan ephors za su yi barci a masallacin Pasiphaë, suna neman mafarkai na annabci don taimaka musu a cikin mulki. A cewar Plutarch,  al'ummar Spartan sau biyu sun sha wahala daga manyan rikice-rikice da mafarkin ephors ya haifar a wurin ibada a zamanin Hellenistic. A wani lamari, wani ephor ya yi mafarki cewa an cire wasu kujerun abokan aikinsa daga agora, kuma cewa murya ta kira &quot;wannan ya fi kyau ga Sparta&quot;; wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, Sarki Cleomenes ya yi aiki don karfafa ikon sarauta. Har ila yau a lokacin mulkin Sarki Agis, da yawa ephors sun kawo mutane cikin tawaye tare da annabawa daga masallacin Pasiphaë suna alkawarin biyan bashin da sake rarraba ƙasa.

=== Allahn sama ===
A cikin Bayani na Girka, Pausanias ya daidaita Pasiphaë da Selene, yana nuna cewa ana bauta wa adadi a matsayin Allahn wata. Koyaya, ƙarin bincike game da Addinin Minoan ya nuna cewa rana mace ce, tana nuna cewa Pasiphaë asalin allahiya ce ta hasken rana, fassarar da ta dace da kwatancinta a matsayin 'yar Helios. bijimin Poseidon na iya zama abin da ya rage na bijimin wata wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Addinin Mesopotamiya na dā.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bull (Mythology) |url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/BullMythology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065256/http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/BullMythology.html |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2015-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A zamanin yau, Pasiphaë da ɗanta, Minotaur, suna da alaƙa da alamar taurari na Taurus.

== Sauran wakilci ==

=== Wakilin kimiyya ===
Ɗaya daga cikin watanni 79 na Jupiter, wanda aka gano a cikin 1908, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Pasiphaë, matar almara ta Minotaur.

=== Bayanan wallafe-wallafen ===
An ambaci Pasiphaé a cikin Canto 12 na [[Dante Alighieri]]'s Inferno . Lokacin da Dante ya sadu da Minotaur, ya bayyana hanyar da ba ta dace ba da kuma yaudara game da tunanin dabbar.

Tarin waƙoƙin Fiona Benson na uku, ''Ephemeron'', ya ƙunshi wani dogon sashi mai taken Translations from the Pasiphaë inda ta sake ba da labarin Minotaur daga ra'ayin mahaifiyar bijimin.

== Halin asali ==

== Dubi kuma ==

== Bayani ==

== Manazarta ==

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A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Pasiphaë'''{{Efn|{{langx|grc|Πασιφάη|Pāsipháē|lit=wide-shining}}, derived from the dative plural {{lang|grc|πᾶσι}} {{translit|grc|pasi}} 'for all' and {{lang|grc|φάος/φῶς}} {{translit|grc|phaos/phos}} 'light';&lt;ref&gt;An attribute of the Moon, as [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] remarked in passing (i.43.96): compare [[Euryphaessa]]; if Pasipháē is an ancient conventional Minoan [[epithet]] translated into Greek, it would be a &quot;loan translation&quot;, or [[calque]].&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA|en|pəˈsɪfiiː|pron}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Wells | first1 = John C. | author-link1 = John C. Wells | title = Longman Pronunciation Dictionary | chapter = Pasiphae, Pasiphaë | publisher = Pearson Longman | year = 2009 | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4058-8118-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Respell|pə|SIF|ee}} or {{IPA|en|pəˈsɪfəˌiː}}, {{Respell|pə|SIF|uh|ee}}}} 'yar [[Helios]] ce, sarauniya ta tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]], kuma mahaifiyar [[Minotaur]]. Bayan mijinta [[Minos]] ya kasa yin hadaya da Bull na Crete ga [[Poseidon]] kamar yadda ya yi alkawari, allahn ya la'anta Pasiphaë ya ƙaunaci bijimin. Ta sa [[Daedalus]] ta gina wata saniya ta katako don ta ɓoye a ciki, wanda ta yi amfani da ita don yin jima'i da bijimin; bayan haka, ta haifi Minotaur.

== Iyali ==
Yawancin tsoffin kafofin sun bayyana Pasiphaë a matsayin 'yar Helios, allahn rana, da Farisa, Oceanid. Marubucin da aka fi sani da ya kira Helios mahaifinta shine mai magana na ƙarni na 4 Isocrates. Diodorus Siculus a maimakon haka ya ba da tsibirin Karita a matsayin mahaifiyarta, kuma Plutarch ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta shine Titan Atlas.

Pasiphaë ta Turai Minos, sarkin tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]] kuma ɗan Zeus da Europa. A cewar marubucin tarihin Apollodorus na ƙarni na 2 AD, 'ya'yan ma'aurata sune Katreus, Deucalion, [[Androgeus (ɗan Minos)|Androgeus]], Glaucus, Acacallis, Ariadne, [[Phaedra (tatsuniyoyi)|Phaedra]], da Xenodice. Ta hanyar bijimi da allahn Poseidon ya ba tsibirin Krita, Pasiphaë ita ce mahaifiyar Minotaur.

== Labaran Tarihi ==
[[File:Pompeii_-_Casa_dei_Vettii_-_Pasiphae.jpg|right|thumb|Daedalus ya gabatar da saniya ta wucin gadi ga Pasiphaë: Roman fresco a cikin House of the Vettii, Pompeii, ƙarni na 1 AZ.]]

=== Haihuwar Minotaur ===
Ana buƙatar [[Minos]] ya miƙa hadaya &quot;mafi kyawun bijimi da aka haifa a cikin garkensa&quot; ga [[Poseidon]] a kowace shekara. Shekara guda, an haifi kyakkyawan farin dusar ƙanƙara: Cretan Bull . Minos ya ki yin hadaya da dabba, kuma ya miƙa hadaya da wani bijimi mai ƙasƙanci a maimakon haka. A matsayin horo, Poseidon ya la'anta Pasiphaë don ya sami sha'awar bijimin Crete.

Daga ƙarshe, Pasiphaë ta tafi Daedalus kuma ta nemi ta taimaka wa mijinta da bijimin. Daedalus sa'an nan kuma ya kirkiro wata saniya mai katako da aka rufe da ainihin fatar saniya, wanda ya dace da yaudari Cretan Bull. Pasiphaë ta hau cikin tsarin, ta ba da damar bijimin ya yi jima'i da ita. Pasiphaë ta yi juna biyu kuma ta haifi rabin mutum rabin naman sa wanda ke cin nama kawai. An kira yaron Asterion (ko Asterius), bayan sarki na baya, amma ana kiransa Minotaur (&quot;kwarmin Minos&quot;).

Labarin haɗin Pasiphaë da bijimi da kuma haihuwar Minotaur shine batun wasan da [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] ya ɓace na Creteans, wanda kaɗan daga cikinsu sun tsira. Sashe sun haɗa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na firistoci da ke gabatar da kansu da kuma yin magana da Minos, wani (watakila mai kula da ruwa) yana sanar da Minos game da yanayin jaririn (yana sanar da Minus da masu sauraro, da sauransu, cewa Pasiphaë yana shayar da Minotaur kamar jariri), da kuma tattaunawa tsakanin Pasiphaë da Minos inda suke jayayya game da abin da ke tsakanin su ne ke da alhakin. An adana jawabin Pasiphaë na kare kanta, amsar zarge-zargen Minos (ba a adana shi ba) inda ta nemi gafara saboda yin aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawar ikon allahntaka, kuma ta nace cewa wanda za a zargi shi ne Minos, wanda ya fusata allahn teku.&lt;blockquote&gt;Fassara:

Idan na sayar da kyaututtuka na Kypris, na ba da jikina a asirce ga wani mutum, za ku sami damar hukunta ni a matsayin karuwa. Amma wannan ba aikin nufin ba ne; ina fama da wasu hauka da Allah ya kawo. 
Ba gaskiya ba ne! 
Me zan iya gani a cikin bijimi don kai hari ga zuciyata da wannan sha'awar kunya? 
Shin ya yi kama da kyakkyawa a cikin rigarsa? 
Shin teku ta wuta ta yi haske a idanunsa? 
Shin jan gashinsa ne, gemu mai duhu?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Masana almara da marubutan Ruck da Staples sun ce &quot;Bull shine tsohuwar Poseidon kafin Olympian&quot;.

=== Bambance-bambance a kan tatsuniyar ===
Pseudo-Apollodorus ya ambaci wani dalili daban-daban na dalilin da ya sa Poseidon ya la'anta Pasiphaë; yana mai cewa Minos yana so ya zama sarki, kuma ya kira Poseidon ya aiko masa da bijimi don ya tabbatar wa masarautar cewa ya sami ikon mallaka daga alloli. Bayan ya kira Poseidon, Minos ya kasa yin hadaya da bijimin, kamar yadda Poseidon yake so, ya sa allah ya yi fushi da shi.

A cewar marubucin karni na shida BC Bacchylides, Aphrodite ne ya aiko da la'anar  kuma Hyginus ya ce wannan saboda Pasiphaë ya yi watsi da bautar Aphrodites na shekaru.  A cikin wani juzu'i, Aphrodite ta la'anta Pasiphaë (kazalika da 'yan uwanta mata da yawa) tare da sha'awar jima'i mara kyau a matsayin fansa ga mahaifinta Helios,  domin ya bayyana wa mijinta Hephaestus sirrinta da Ares, allahn yaƙi, wanda ya sami ƙiyayya ta har abada ta Aphrodites ga kansa da dukan tserensa.  

A wasu al'adun da ba a sani ba, ba bijimin Poseidon ba ne amma mahaifin Minos Zeus ya yi kama da wanda ya yi jima'i da Pasiphaë kuma ya haifi Minotaur. Wani tsohuwar ƙamus na Helenanci ya ambaci al'ada inda Zeus da Pasiphaë su ne iyayen allahn Masar Amun, wanda aka gano shi da Zeus.

=== La'anar Pasiphaë ===
A wasu fannoni, Pasiphaë, kamar 'yar uwarta Medea, ta kasance uwargidan zane-zane na sihiri a cikin tunanin Girka. Marubucin Bibliotheke ya rubuta kyawawan halaye da ta sanya a kan Minos wanda ya sa ya zubar da macizai, kunama, da kwari a duk lokacin da ya kwanta tare da wata mace, ya kashe su. Koyaya, [[Procris]], bayan cinye ciyawa mai kariya, ya kwanta tare da Minos ba tare da hukunci ba.

A Rana juzu'i, wannan cuta da ba a bayyana ba wacce ta azabtar da Minos ta kashe dukkan ƙwaraƙwaransa kuma ta hana shi da Pasiphaë samun yara (kunya da macizai ba su cutar da Pasiphaé ba, saboda ita yarinya ce marar mutuwa ta Sun). Daga nan sai Procris ya saka kwayar awaki a cikin wata mace, ya gaya wa Minos ya zubar da kunama a can, sannan ya tura shi zuwa Pasiphaë. Ta haka ne ma'auratan suka sami damar daukar ciki na yara takwas. Rubuce-rubuce sun nuna cewa wannan shine takardun zamani na farko na sheath ko condom, kodayake a maimakon haka yana aiki don inganta haihuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peel |first=John |last2=Finch |first2=B. E. |last3=Green |first3=Hugh |date=March 1965 |title=Contraception through the Ages. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2173294 |journal=Population Studies |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=330 |doi=10.2307/2173294 |jstor=2173294 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daedalus da Icarus ===
A cikin wani labari, Pasiphaë ya ba Daedalus da ɗansa Icarus jirgin ruwa don tserewa daga Minos da tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]]. A wani, ta taimaka masa ya ɓoye har sai ya yi fuka-fuki da aka yi da albasa da gashin tsuntsaye.

=== Bambance-bambance game da mutuwar Pasiphaë ===
Duk da yake Pasiphaë allahiya ce marar mutuwa a wasu matani, wasu marubuta sun bi da ita a matsayin mace mai mutuwa, kamar [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] wanda a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa Cretans ya yanke mata hukuncin kisa (wanda ya faru ba shi da tabbas, saboda babu wani sashi mai dacewa da ya tsira). A cikin [[Virgil]]'s ''Aeneid'', Aeneas ya gan ta lokacin da ya ziyarci duniyar, yana kwatanta Pasiphae da ke zaune a cikin Mournful Fields, wurin da masoya masu zunubi ke zaune.

== Mutumin Pasiphaë ==
A cikin fahimtar almara game da tatsuniyar Minoan,  Pasiphaë da Daedalus'  gina saniya ta katako ya ba ta damar gamsar da sha'awarta  ga Bull na Cretan. Ta hanyar wannan fassarar an rage ta daga wani adadi mai kusa da allahntaka (ɗan Rana) zuwa wani nau'i na lalata da dabba mai ban tsoro da kuma wuce gona da iri na sha'awa da yaudara.

Pasiphaë ya bayyana a cikin [[Virgil]]'s Eclogue VI (45-60), a cikin jerin Silenus na batutuwan da suka dace na almara, wanda Virgil ya kasance a cikin irin wannan daki-daki cewa ya ba da layi goma sha shida nauyin taƙaitaccen labari.

A cikin ''Ars Amatoria'' na Ovid, Pasiphaë an tsara shi a cikin sharuddan zoophilic:

''Pasiphae fieri gaudebat adultera tauri'' - &quot;Pasiphaë ta yi farin ciki da zama zina da bijimi&quot;.

Sau da yawa ana haɗa Pasiphaë a cikin jerin sunayen mata masu ban mamaki da ke ƙarƙashin sha'awa; wasu mata sun haɗa da [[Phaedra (tatsuniyoyi)|Phaedra]], Byblis, Myrrha, Scylla da Semiramis . Masana suna ganinta a matsayin zunubi na cin zarafin dabba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blumenfeld-Kosinski |first=Renate |date=1996 |title=The Scandal of Pasiphae: Narration and Interpretation in the &quot;Ovide moralisé&quot; |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/438324 |journal=Modern Philology |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=307–326 |doi=10.1086/392321 |issn=0026-8232 |jstor=438324 |s2cid=162197853 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Ars Amatoria'' ta nuna kishi na Pasiphaë game da shanu; tana tsinkaye a gaban madubi yayin da take kuka cewa ba saniya ba ce kuma tana kashe abokan hamayyarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Addinin Pasiphaë ==

=== A kan duba ===
A cikin ƙasar Girka, ana bauta wa Pasiphaë a matsayin allahiya a Thalamae, ɗaya daga cikin asalin ''koine'' na Sparta. Masanin ilimin ƙasa Pausanias ya bayyana wurin ibada a matsayin karami, wanda ke kusa da rafi mai haske, kuma yana kewaye da siffofin tagulla na Helios da Pasiphaë. Labarinsa kuma ya daidaita Pasiphaë da Ino da allahiyar wata Selene .

[[Cicero]] ya rubuta a cikin De Divinatione 1.96 cewa Spartan ephors za su yi barci a masallacin Pasiphaë, suna neman mafarkai na annabci don taimaka musu a cikin mulki. A cewar Plutarch,  al'ummar Spartan sau biyu sun sha wahala daga manyan rikice-rikice da mafarkin ephors ya haifar a wurin ibada a zamanin Hellenistic. A wani lamari, wani ephor ya yi mafarki cewa an cire wasu kujerun abokan aikinsa daga agora, kuma cewa murya ta kira &quot;wannan ya fi kyau ga Sparta&quot;; wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, Sarki Cleomenes ya yi aiki don karfafa ikon sarauta. Har ila yau a lokacin mulkin Sarki Agis, da yawa ephors sun kawo mutane cikin tawaye tare da annabawa daga masallacin Pasiphaë suna alkawarin biyan bashin da sake rarraba ƙasa.

=== Allahn sama ===
A cikin Bayani na Girka, Pausanias ya daidaita Pasiphaë da Selene, yana nuna cewa ana bauta wa adadi a matsayin Allahn wata. Koyaya, ƙarin bincike game da Addinin Minoan ya nuna cewa rana mace ce, tana nuna cewa Pasiphaë asalin allahiya ce ta hasken rana, fassarar da ta dace da kwatancinta a matsayin 'yar Helios. bijimin Poseidon na iya zama abin da ya rage na bijimin wata wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Addinin Mesopotamiya na dā.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bull (Mythology) |url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/BullMythology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065256/http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/BullMythology.html |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2015-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A zamanin yau, Pasiphaë da ɗanta, Minotaur, suna da alaƙa da alamar taurari na Taurus.

== Sauran wakilci ==

=== Wakilin kimiyya ===
Ɗaya daga cikin watanni 79 na Jupiter, wanda aka gano a cikin 1908, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Pasiphaë, matar almara ta Minotaur.

=== Bayanan wallafe-wallafen ===
An ambaci Pasiphaé a cikin Canto 12 na [[Dante Alighieri]]'s Inferno . Lokacin da Dante ya sadu da Minotaur, ya bayyana hanyar da ba ta dace ba da kuma yaudara game da tunanin dabbar.

Tarin waƙoƙin Fiona Benson na uku, ''Ephemeron'', ya ƙunshi wani dogon sashi mai taken Translations from the Pasiphaë inda ta sake ba da labarin Minotaur daga ra'ayin mahaifiyar bijimin.

== Halin asali ==

== Dubi kuma ==

== Bayani ==

==Bayanan Kula==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Heather Steans</title>
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        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365581436|Heather Steans]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Heather Adeline Steans''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1963) tsohuwar memba ce ta Democrat a Majalisar Dattijan Illinois, tana wakiltar gundumar ta 7. An nada ta ne bayan ta lashe zaben fidda gwani na musamman wanda ya biyo bayan murabus din wanda ya riga ta, Sanata [[Carol Ronen]]. Ta yi murabus daga ofis a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2021 bayan shekaru 12 a ofis.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Steans a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1963, a Lake Forest, Illinois . Mahaifinta, Harrison I. Steans, attajiri ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin banki wanda daga baya ya sayar wa JPMorgan Chase. Daga bisani ya zama biliyan, a cikin 1994 ya kafa Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi, wanda ke saka hannun jari ga dukiyar iyalin Steans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memorium Harrison I. Steans |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/obituary_harrison.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2019 |title=Banker, civic figure Harrison Steans dies |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/banker-civic-figure-harrison-steans-dies |website=chicagobusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yanzu 'yar'uwar Steans Jennifer ce ke gudanar da shi, kuma kwanan nan ta saka hannun jari a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da ke mayar da hankali ga Asiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dynasty to dynasty: US banking heiress reaches out to Asian billionaires |url=https://www.financeasia.com/article/dynasty-to-dynasty-us-banking-heiress-reaches-out-to-asian-billionaires/455012 |website=financeasia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yana saka hannun jari sosai a masana'antun banki da makamashi (mai da iskar gas),  kuma yana da saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin sabis na fracturing (fracking) Liberty Oilfield Services kafin fara bayar da jama'a a cikin 2018, kodayake Steans ba ta saka hannun jari kanta ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Steans |url=https://www.ficcep.com/jennifer-w-steans/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Liberty Oilfield Services |url=https://www.ficcep.com/liberty-oilfield-services-2/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Steans graduated with an A.B. in sociology from Princeton University in 1985 after completing a senior thesis titled &quot;Public vs. Private: Low and Moderate Income Housing in Trenton, New Jersey.&quot; She earned an M.P.P. from [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard University]]'s John F. Kennedy School of Government.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Steans shine tsohon darektan kasafin kudi na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu, Aiki, da Dangantakar Dan Adam ta Wisconsin. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara dabarun [[Chicago Public Schools|Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago]] kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ernst &amp;amp;amp; Young . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://senatorsteans.com/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318033517/http://senatorsteans.com/biography |archive-date=18 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi na siyasa ==

=== Hakkin LGBT ===
A shekara ta 2009, Steans ya gabatar da dokar auren gay (SB 2468) wanda ke gabatar da auren farar hula a Illinois kuma yana ba da damar cibiyoyin addini su ƙi auren ma'aurata iri ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SessionID=76&amp;GA=96 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; SB 2468 ya bayyana cewa, &quot;babu wani abu a cikin Dokar da ya kamata a fassara don tsoma baki ko tsara duk wani aikin addini game da aure kuma babu wata addini da ake buƙata don yin aure wanda ya ƙi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&amp;SessionId=76&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeId=SB&amp;DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SpecSess=&amp;Session= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A cikin 2013, Steans ya dauki nauyin dokar auren gay wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweet 16: Illinois Gov. Signs Gay Marriage Bill |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/national-international/natl-chi-sweet-16-illinois-gov-signs-gay-marriage-bill/2047740/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba na daidaito na Illinois Bernard Cherkasov ya kira Steans &quot;ɗaya daga cikin masu goyon bayan Majalisar Dattijai na cikakken daidaito ga mutanen LGBT, gami da kasancewa babban mai tallafawa majalisar dattijai na dokar aure. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Sterns wins Freedom Award |url=http://www.equalityillinois.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/RELEASE_SteansWinsFreedomAward_1-30-13.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=equalityillinois.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin kiwon lafiya ===
Steans shine Babban Mai tallafawa na IL Senate Bill 655 (SB685), wanda ya kirkiro sabbin dokoki da aka tsara don inganta kulawa a gidajen tsofaffi da hana watsi da haƙuri da cin zarafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0685 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=685&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=41577&amp;SessionID=76#actions |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar sanarwar manema labarai ta Ofishin Gwamna Pat Quinn, &quot;Sabon dokar ta sake fasalin tsarin shigarwa zuwa gidajen tsofaffi, tabbatar da cewa kawai waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai ƙwarewa na awanni 24 ne aka shigar da su. .. Dokar ta kafa ingancin gidajen tsofaffin yara da bukatun ma'aikata, ta ɗaga hukunci don keta doka, kuma ta kara dubawa da saka idanu. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Nursing reform law |url=http://www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/pressroom/2010_07/07_29_10_Nursing_Home_Reform_Law_RELEASE.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=Illinois Attorney General}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Steans ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da abokin hamayyar siyasa, Suzanne Elder, don zartar da dokar nuna bambanci. Yin aiki tare, ita da Elder sun fuskanci adawa mai tsanani daga kungiyoyin malamai na jihar kuma sun mamaye wani gyare-gyare na veto daga Gwamna Quinn don kafa dokar da ke kare lafiyar da haƙƙin jama'a na ɗalibai masu ciwon sukari da sauran nakasassu (The Care of Students with Diabetes Act, P.A. 96-1485). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of Public Act 096-1485 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=096-1485 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2012, Heather Steans ta dauki nauyin &quot;Save Medicaid Access and Resources Together Act&quot; (SMART Act), wanda ya adana Illinois $ 1.6 biliyan a cikin farashin Medicaid ta hanyar kara ingancin shirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois News - Illinois.gov |url=https://www2.illinois.gov:443/news/release?ReleaseID=10307 |website=www2.illinois.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Steans kuma ya zartar da dokar da ta ba Illinois damar aiwatar da fadada Medicaid a karkashin Dokar Kare Mai haƙuri da Kulawa mai araha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steans Family Foundation &amp;#124; Board |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/bio_heather.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2018 Heather Seans ita ce jagorar mai tallafawa a Majalisar Dattijai don ƙuntata damar Illinoisans ga tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiya marasa bin Obamacare a cikin ƙoƙari na tilasta musu cikin tsare-tsare na inshorar kiwon lafiya masu tsada da Obamacare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Illinois Legislature overrides veto of short-term health plan limit {{!}} Modern Healthcare |url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20181129/NEWS/181129919/illinois-legislature-overrides-veto-of-short-term-health-plan-limit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nuna bambanci ===
Steans ya dauki nauyin Dokar Daidaita Biya ta Illinois ta 2012, wanda ke da alhakin nuna bambancin albashi bisa ga jinsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2012 Equal Pay Legislation |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/2012-equal-pay-legislation.aspx |website=ncsl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya jagoranci yakin don Illinois ta tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki, wanda ya wuce Majalisar Dattijan Jihar Illinois. A kan batun, Steans ya ce, &quot;Daga daidaitattun albashi zuwa daidaitattun damar kiwon lafiya zuwa magani mai kyau a makarantun koleji, haƙƙin mata suna cikin haɗari muddin ba a kare su a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senate votes to ratify Equal Rights Amendment (AUDIO) |url=http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913065824/http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muhalli ===
Steans ya rubuta Dokar Lead Sinker, SB 1269, shirin ilimi wanda ke inganta amfani da kayayyakin kamun kifi waɗanda ba su da lahani ga mutane da namun daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB1269 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1269&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=42210&amp;SessionID=76 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da tallafawa SB 3346 tare da Wakilin Jiha Karen Mayu, Steans ya zartar da lissafin rage mercury a cikin yanayin yanayi ta hanyar inganta tarin kayan da sake amfani da su daga raka'a na thermostat. A cewar Cibiyar Shari'a da Manufofin Muhalli, ƙungiyar da ta taimaka wajen tsara lissafin, &quot;Wannan lissafin ne wanda masu kula da muhalli, masana'antun da dukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zasu iya yarda da shi&quot;.

Steans da abokan aikinta sun zartar da dokar da ta sanya Illinois jihar farko a cikin al'umma don hana siyarwa da ƙera microbeads a cikin kayan shafawa da sabulu, waɗanda sune babban tushen gurɓata filastik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Germann |first=Roger |date=December 30, 2015 |title=Great Lakes Triumph as Microbead-Free Waters Act Signed into Law |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/great-lakes-triumph-as-microbead-free_b_8891144 |website=HuffPost}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
Sanata Steans ya taimaka wajen jagorantar aiwatar da dokar da ta karfafa dokokin yaki da zalunci na Illinois ta hanyar bayar da rahoto, kare sirrin dalibai, hana ramuwar gayya da sauran matakan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gov. Quinn Signs Anti-Bullying Bill « Equality Illinois |url=https://www.equalityillinois.us/2014/06/gov-quinn-signs-anti-bullying-bill/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya ci gaba da jagorantar kokarin kirkirar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta tare da ikon buƙatar hukumomin haraji na gida don tallafawa makarantun sasanta masu zaman kansu, koda kuwa hukumar makarantar da ta dace ba za ta yi hakan da son rai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for HB5825 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=5825&amp;GAID=11&amp;GA=97&amp;DocTypeID=HB&amp;LegID=66321&amp;SessionID=84&amp;SpecSess= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Wannan yunkuri don tallafawa yunkurin makarantar Yarjejeniya ya biyo bayan kokarin da ta yi na wuce SB7, wanda ya sauƙaƙa tsarin korar malamai a makarantar jama'a kuma ya sa ya fi wuya ga malamai su shiga cikin aikin ƙungiyar da aka kare na yajin aiki don inganta yanayin aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0007 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=7&amp;GAID=11&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;SessionID=84&amp;GA=97 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Kudin na ƙarshe ya kasance wani ɓangare na takaddamar siyasa ga magajin gari Rahm Emanuel na lokacin da ke kula da rufe kusan makarantun firamare hamsin a Birnin Chicago tare da manyan ɗaliban Afirka na Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karp |first=Sarah |date=May 22, 2018 |title=Study: 2013 Chicago School Closings Failed To Help Students |url=https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/study-2013-chicago-school-closings-failed-to-help-students/0eea4948-78dc-4fc9-9c45-0750584cb9f4 |publisher=WBEZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Heather Adeline Steans''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1963) tsohuwar memba ce ta Democrat a Majalisar Dattijan Illinois, tana wakiltar gundumar ta 7. An nada ta ne bayan ta lashe zaben fidda gwani na musamman wanda ya biyo bayan murabus din wanda ya riga ta, Sanata [[Carol Ronen]]. Ta yi murabus daga ofis a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2021 bayan shekaru 12 a ofis.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Steans a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1963, a Lake Forest, Illinois . Mahaifinta, Harrison I. Steans, attajiri ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin banki wanda daga baya ya sayar wa JPMorgan Chase. Daga bisani ya zama biliyan, a cikin 1994 ya kafa Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi, wanda ke saka hannun jari ga dukiyar iyalin Steans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memorium Harrison I. Steans |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/obituary_harrison.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2019 |title=Banker, civic figure Harrison Steans dies |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/banker-civic-figure-harrison-steans-dies |website=chicagobusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yanzu 'yar'uwar Steans Jennifer ce ke gudanar da shi, kuma kwanan nan ta saka hannun jari a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da ke mayar da hankali ga Asiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dynasty to dynasty: US banking heiress reaches out to Asian billionaires |url=https://www.financeasia.com/article/dynasty-to-dynasty-us-banking-heiress-reaches-out-to-asian-billionaires/455012 |website=financeasia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yana saka hannun jari sosai a masana'antun banki da makamashi (mai da iskar gas),  kuma yana da saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin sabis na fracturing (fracking) Liberty Oilfield Services kafin fara bayar da jama'a a cikin 2018, kodayake Steans ba ta saka hannun jari kanta ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Steans |url=https://www.ficcep.com/jennifer-w-steans/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Liberty Oilfield Services |url=https://www.ficcep.com/liberty-oilfield-services-2/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Steans graduated with an A.B. in sociology from Princeton University in 1985 after completing a senior thesis titled &quot;Public vs. Private: Low and Moderate Income Housing in Trenton, New Jersey.&quot; She earned an M.P.P. from [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard University]]'s John F. Kennedy School of Government.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Steans shine tsohon darektan kasafin kudi na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu, Aiki, da Dangantakar Dan Adam ta Wisconsin. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara dabarun [[Chicago Public Schools|Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago]] kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ernst &amp;amp;amp; Young . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://senatorsteans.com/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318033517/http://senatorsteans.com/biography |archive-date=18 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi na siyasa ==

=== Hakkin LGBT ===
A shekara ta 2009, Steans ya gabatar da dokar auren gay (SB 2468) wanda ke gabatar da auren farar hula a Illinois kuma yana ba da damar cibiyoyin addini su ƙi auren ma'aurata iri ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SessionID=76&amp;GA=96 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; SB 2468 ya bayyana cewa, &quot;babu wani abu a cikin Dokar da ya kamata a fassara don tsoma baki ko tsara duk wani aikin addini game da aure kuma babu wata addini da ake buƙata don yin aure wanda ya ƙi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&amp;SessionId=76&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeId=SB&amp;DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SpecSess=&amp;Session= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A cikin 2013, Steans ya dauki nauyin dokar auren gay wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweet 16: Illinois Gov. Signs Gay Marriage Bill |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/national-international/natl-chi-sweet-16-illinois-gov-signs-gay-marriage-bill/2047740/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba na daidaito na Illinois Bernard Cherkasov ya kira Steans &quot;ɗaya daga cikin masu goyon bayan Majalisar Dattijai na cikakken daidaito ga mutanen LGBT, gami da kasancewa babban mai tallafawa majalisar dattijai na dokar aure. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Sterns wins Freedom Award |url=http://www.equalityillinois.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/RELEASE_SteansWinsFreedomAward_1-30-13.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=equalityillinois.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin kiwon lafiya ===
Steans shine Babban Mai tallafawa na IL Senate Bill 655 (SB685), wanda ya kirkiro sabbin dokoki da aka tsara don inganta kulawa a gidajen tsofaffi da hana watsi da haƙuri da cin zarafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0685 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=685&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=41577&amp;SessionID=76#actions |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar sanarwar manema labarai ta Ofishin Gwamna Pat Quinn, &quot;Sabon dokar ta sake fasalin tsarin shigarwa zuwa gidajen tsofaffi, tabbatar da cewa kawai waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai ƙwarewa na awanni 24 ne aka shigar da su. .. Dokar ta kafa ingancin gidajen tsofaffin yara da bukatun ma'aikata, ta ɗaga hukunci don keta doka, kuma ta kara dubawa da saka idanu. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Nursing reform law |url=http://www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/pressroom/2010_07/07_29_10_Nursing_Home_Reform_Law_RELEASE.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=Illinois Attorney General}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Steans ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da abokin hamayyar siyasa, Suzanne Elder, don zartar da dokar nuna bambanci. Yin aiki tare, ita da Elder sun fuskanci adawa mai tsanani daga kungiyoyin malamai na jihar kuma sun mamaye wani gyare-gyare na veto daga Gwamna Quinn don kafa dokar da ke kare lafiyar da haƙƙin jama'a na ɗalibai masu ciwon sukari da sauran nakasassu (The Care of Students with Diabetes Act, P.A. 96-1485). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of Public Act 096-1485 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=096-1485 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2012, Heather Steans ta dauki nauyin &quot;Save Medicaid Access and Resources Together Act&quot; (SMART Act), wanda ya adana Illinois $ 1.6 biliyan a cikin farashin Medicaid ta hanyar kara ingancin shirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois News - Illinois.gov |url=https://www2.illinois.gov:443/news/release?ReleaseID=10307 |website=www2.illinois.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Steans kuma ya zartar da dokar da ta ba Illinois damar aiwatar da fadada Medicaid a karkashin Dokar Kare Mai haƙuri da Kulawa mai araha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steans Family Foundation &amp;#124; Board |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/bio_heather.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2018 Heather Seans ita ce jagorar mai tallafawa a Majalisar Dattijai don ƙuntata damar Illinoisans ga tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiya marasa bin Obamacare a cikin ƙoƙari na tilasta musu cikin tsare-tsare na inshorar kiwon lafiya masu tsada da Obamacare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Illinois Legislature overrides veto of short-term health plan limit {{!}} Modern Healthcare |url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20181129/NEWS/181129919/illinois-legislature-overrides-veto-of-short-term-health-plan-limit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nuna bambanci ===
Steans ya dauki nauyin Dokar Daidaita Biya ta Illinois ta 2012, wanda ke da alhakin nuna bambancin albashi bisa ga jinsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2012 Equal Pay Legislation |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/2012-equal-pay-legislation.aspx |website=ncsl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya jagoranci yakin don Illinois ta tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki, wanda ya wuce Majalisar Dattijan Jihar Illinois. A kan batun, Steans ya ce, &quot;Daga daidaitattun albashi zuwa daidaitattun damar kiwon lafiya zuwa magani mai kyau a makarantun koleji, haƙƙin mata suna cikin haɗari muddin ba a kare su a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senate votes to ratify Equal Rights Amendment (AUDIO) |url=http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913065824/http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muhalli ===
Steans ya rubuta Dokar Lead Sinker, SB 1269, shirin ilimi wanda ke inganta amfani da kayayyakin kamun kifi waɗanda ba su da lahani ga mutane da namun daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB1269 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1269&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=42210&amp;SessionID=76 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da tallafawa SB 3346 tare da Wakilin Jiha Karen Mayu, Steans ya zartar da lissafin rage mercury a cikin yanayin yanayi ta hanyar inganta tarin kayan da sake amfani da su daga raka'a na thermostat. A cewar Cibiyar Shari'a da Manufofin Muhalli, ƙungiyar da ta taimaka wajen tsara lissafin, &quot;Wannan lissafin ne wanda masu kula da muhalli, masana'antun da dukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zasu iya yarda da shi&quot;.

Steans da abokan aikinta sun zartar da dokar da ta sanya Illinois jihar farko a cikin al'umma don hana siyarwa da ƙera microbeads a cikin kayan shafawa da sabulu, waɗanda sune babban tushen gurɓata filastik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Germann |first=Roger |date=December 30, 2015 |title=Great Lakes Triumph as Microbead-Free Waters Act Signed into Law |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/great-lakes-triumph-as-microbead-free_b_8891144 |website=HuffPost}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
Sanata Steans ya taimaka wajen jagorantar aiwatar da dokar da ta karfafa dokokin yaki da zalunci na Illinois ta hanyar bayar da rahoto, kare sirrin dalibai, hana ramuwar gayya da sauran matakan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gov. Quinn Signs Anti-Bullying Bill « Equality Illinois |url=https://www.equalityillinois.us/2014/06/gov-quinn-signs-anti-bullying-bill/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya ci gaba da jagorantar kokarin kirkirar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta tare da ikon buƙatar hukumomin haraji na gida don tallafawa makarantun sasanta masu zaman kansu, koda kuwa hukumar makarantar da ta dace ba za ta yi hakan da son rai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for HB5825 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=5825&amp;GAID=11&amp;GA=97&amp;DocTypeID=HB&amp;LegID=66321&amp;SessionID=84&amp;SpecSess= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Wannan yunkuri don tallafawa yunkurin makarantar Yarjejeniya ya biyo bayan kokarin da ta yi na wuce SB7, wanda ya sauƙaƙa tsarin korar malamai a makarantar jama'a kuma ya sa ya fi wuya ga malamai su shiga cikin aikin ƙungiyar da aka kare na yajin aiki don inganta yanayin aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0007 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=7&amp;GAID=11&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;SessionID=84&amp;GA=97 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Kudin na ƙarshe ya kasance wani ɓangare na takaddamar siyasa ga magajin gari Rahm Emanuel na lokacin da ke kula da rufe kusan makarantun firamare hamsin a Birnin Chicago tare da manyan ɗaliban Afirka na Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karp |first=Sarah |date=May 22, 2018 |title=Study: 2013 Chicago School Closings Failed To Help Students |url=https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/study-2013-chicago-school-closings-failed-to-help-students/0eea4948-78dc-4fc9-9c45-0750584cb9f4 |publisher=WBEZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Heather Adeline Steans''' an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, 1963 tsohuwar memba ce ta Democrat a Majalisar Dattijan Illinois, tana wakiltar gundumar ta 7. An nada ta ne bayan ta lashe zaben fidda gwani na musamman wanda ya biyo bayan murabus din wanda ya riga ta, Sanata [[Carol Ronen]]. Ta yi murabus daga ofis a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, 2021 bayan shekaru 12 a ofis.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Steans a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, 1963, a Lake Forest, Illinois . Mahaifinta, Harrison I. Steans, attajiri ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin banki wanda daga baya ya sayar wa JPMorgan Chase. Daga bisani ya zama biliyan, a cikin 1994 ya kafa Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi, wanda ke saka hannun jari ga dukiyar iyalin Steans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memorium Harrison I. Steans |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/obituary_harrison.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2019 |title=Banker, civic figure Harrison Steans dies |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/banker-civic-figure-harrison-steans-dies |website=chicagobusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yanzu 'yar'uwar Steans Jennifer ce ke gudanar da shi, kuma kwanan nan ta saka hannun jari a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da ke mayar da hankali ga Asiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dynasty to dynasty: US banking heiress reaches out to Asian billionaires |url=https://www.financeasia.com/article/dynasty-to-dynasty-us-banking-heiress-reaches-out-to-asian-billionaires/455012 |website=financeasia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yana saka hannun jari sosai a masana'antun banki da makamashi mai da iskar gas,  kuma yana da saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin sabis na fracturing fracking Liberty Oilfield Services kafin fara bayar da jama'a a cikin 2018, kodayake Steans ba ta saka hannun jari kanta ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Steans |url=https://www.ficcep.com/jennifer-w-steans/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Liberty Oilfield Services |url=https://www.ficcep.com/liberty-oilfield-services-2/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Steans graduated with an A.B. in sociology from Princeton University in 1985 after completing a senior thesis titled &quot;Public vs. Private: Low and Moderate Income Housing in Trenton, New Jersey.&quot; She earned an M.P.P. from [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard University]]'s John F. Kennedy School of Government.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Steans shine tsohon darektan kasafin kudi na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu, Aiki, da Dangantakar Dan Adam ta Wisconsin. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara dabarun [[Chicago Public Schools|Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago]] kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ernst &amp;amp;amp; Young . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://senatorsteans.com/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318033517/http://senatorsteans.com/biography |archive-date=18 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi na siyasa ==

=== Hakkin LGBT ===
A shekara ta 2009, Steans ya gabatar da dokar auren gay SB 2468 wanda ke gabatar da auren farar hula a Illinois kuma yana ba da damar cibiyoyin addini su ƙi auren ma'aurata iri ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SessionID=76&amp;GA=96 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; SB 2468 ya bayyana cewa, &quot;babu wani abu a cikin Dokar da ya kamata a fassara don tsoma baki ko tsara duk wani aikin addini game da aure kuma babu wata addini da ake buƙata don yin aure wanda ya ƙi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&amp;SessionId=76&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeId=SB&amp;DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SpecSess=&amp;Session= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A cikin 2013, Steans ya dauki nauyin dokar auren gay wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweet 16: Illinois Gov. Signs Gay Marriage Bill |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/national-international/natl-chi-sweet-16-illinois-gov-signs-gay-marriage-bill/2047740/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba na daidaito na Illinois Bernard Cherkasov ya kira Steans &quot;ɗaya daga cikin masu goyon bayan Majalisar Dattijai na cikakken daidaito ga mutanen LGBT, gami da kasancewa babban mai tallafawa majalisar dattijai na dokar aure. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Sterns wins Freedom Award |url=http://www.equalityillinois.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/RELEASE_SteansWinsFreedomAward_1-30-13.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=equalityillinois.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin kiwon lafiya ===
Steans shine Babban Mai tallafawa na IL Senate Bill 655 (SB685), wanda ya kirkiro sabbin dokoki da aka tsara don inganta kulawa a gidajen tsofaffi da hana watsi da haƙuri da cin zarafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0685 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=685&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=41577&amp;SessionID=76#actions |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar sanarwar manema labarai ta Ofishin Gwamna Pat Quinn, &quot;Sabon dokar ta sake fasalin tsarin shigarwa zuwa gidajen tsofaffi, tabbatar da cewa kawai waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai ƙwarewa na awanni 24 ne aka shigar da su. .. Dokar ta kafa ingancin gidajen tsofaffin yara da bukatun ma'aikata, ta ɗaga hukunci don keta doka, kuma ta kara dubawa da saka idanu. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Nursing reform law |url=http://www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/pressroom/2010_07/07_29_10_Nursing_Home_Reform_Law_RELEASE.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=Illinois Attorney General}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Steans ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da abokin hamayyar siyasa, Suzanne Elder, don zartar da dokar nuna bambanci. Yin aiki tare, ita da Elder sun fuskanci adawa mai tsanani daga kungiyoyin malamai na jihar kuma sun mamaye wani gyare-gyare na veto daga Gwamna Quinn don kafa dokar da ke kare lafiyar da haƙƙin jama'a na ɗalibai masu ciwon sukari da sauran nakasassu (The Care of Students with Diabetes Act, P.A. 96-1485). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of Public Act 096-1485 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=096-1485 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2012, Heather Steans ta dauki nauyin &quot;Save Medicaid Access and Resources Together Act&quot; (SMART Act), wanda ya adana Illinois $ 1.6 biliyan a cikin farashin Medicaid ta hanyar kara ingancin shirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois News - Illinois.gov |url=https://www2.illinois.gov:443/news/release?ReleaseID=10307 |website=www2.illinois.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Steans kuma ya zartar da dokar da ta ba Illinois damar aiwatar da fadada Medicaid a karkashin Dokar Kare Mai haƙuri da Kulawa mai araha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steans Family Foundation &amp;#124; Board |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/bio_heather.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2018 Heather Seans ita ce jagorar mai tallafawa a Majalisar Dattijai don ƙuntata damar Illinoisans ga tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiya marasa bin Obamacare a cikin ƙoƙari na tilasta musu cikin tsare-tsare na inshorar kiwon lafiya masu tsada da Obamacare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Illinois Legislature overrides veto of short-term health plan limit {{!}} Modern Healthcare |url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20181129/NEWS/181129919/illinois-legislature-overrides-veto-of-short-term-health-plan-limit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nuna bambanci ===
Steans ya dauki nauyin Dokar Daidaita Biya ta Illinois ta 2012, wanda ke da alhakin nuna bambancin albashi bisa ga jinsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2012 Equal Pay Legislation |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/2012-equal-pay-legislation.aspx |website=ncsl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya jagoranci yakin don Illinois ta tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki, wanda ya wuce Majalisar Dattijan Jihar Illinois. A kan batun, Steans ya ce, &quot;Daga daidaitattun albashi zuwa daidaitattun damar kiwon lafiya zuwa magani mai kyau a makarantun koleji, haƙƙin mata suna cikin haɗari muddin ba a kare su a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senate votes to ratify Equal Rights Amendment (AUDIO) |url=http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913065824/http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muhalli ===
Steans ya rubuta Dokar Lead Sinker, SB 1269, shirin ilimi wanda ke inganta amfani da kayayyakin kamun kifi waɗanda ba su da lahani ga mutane da namun daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB1269 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1269&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=42210&amp;SessionID=76 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da tallafawa SB 3346 tare da Wakilin Jiha Karen Mayu, Steans ya zartar da lissafin rage mercury a cikin yanayin yanayi ta hanyar inganta tarin kayan da sake amfani da su daga raka'a na thermostat. A cewar Cibiyar Shari'a da Manufofin Muhalli, ƙungiyar da ta taimaka wajen tsara lissafin, &quot;Wannan lissafin ne wanda masu kula da muhalli, masana'antun da dukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zasu iya yarda da shi&quot;.

Steans da abokan aikinta sun zartar da dokar da ta sanya Illinois jihar farko a cikin al'umma don hana siyarwa da ƙera microbeads a cikin kayan shafawa da sabulu, waɗanda sune babban tushen gurɓata filastik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Germann |first=Roger |date=December 30, 2015 |title=Great Lakes Triumph as Microbead-Free Waters Act Signed into Law |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/great-lakes-triumph-as-microbead-free_b_8891144 |website=HuffPost}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
Sanata Steans ya taimaka wajen jagorantar aiwatar da dokar da ta karfafa dokokin yaki da zalunci na Illinois ta hanyar bayar da rahoto, kare sirrin dalibai, hana ramuwar gayya da sauran matakan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gov. Quinn Signs Anti-Bullying Bill « Equality Illinois |url=https://www.equalityillinois.us/2014/06/gov-quinn-signs-anti-bullying-bill/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya ci gaba da jagorantar kokarin kirkirar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta tare da ikon buƙatar hukumomin haraji na gida don tallafawa makarantun sasanta masu zaman kansu, koda kuwa hukumar makarantar da ta dace ba za ta yi hakan da son rai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for HB5825 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=5825&amp;GAID=11&amp;GA=97&amp;DocTypeID=HB&amp;LegID=66321&amp;SessionID=84&amp;SpecSess= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Wannan yunkuri don tallafawa yunkurin makarantar Yarjejeniya ya biyo bayan kokarin da ta yi na wuce SB7, wanda ya sauƙaƙa tsarin korar malamai a makarantar jama'a kuma ya sa ya fi wuya ga malamai su shiga cikin aikin ƙungiyar da aka kare na yajin aiki don inganta yanayin aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0007 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=7&amp;GAID=11&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;SessionID=84&amp;GA=97 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Kudin na ƙarshe ya kasance wani ɓangare na takaddamar siyasa ga magajin gari Rahm Emanuel na lokacin da ke kula da rufe kusan makarantun firamare hamsin a Birnin Chicago tare da manyan ɗaliban Afirka na Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karp |first=Sarah |date=May 22, 2018 |title=Study: 2013 Chicago School Closings Failed To Help Students |url=https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/study-2013-chicago-school-closings-failed-to-help-students/0eea4948-78dc-4fc9-9c45-0750584cb9f4 |publisher=WBEZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]]
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'''Heather Adeline Steans''' an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, 1963 tsohuwar memba ce ta Democrat a Majalisar Dattijan Illinois, tana wakiltar gundumar ta 7. An nada ta ne bayan ta lashe zaben fidda gwani na musamman wanda ya biyo bayan murabus din wanda ya riga ta, Sanata [[Carol Ronen]]. Ta yi murabus daga ofis a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, 2021 bayan shekaru 12 a ofis.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Steans a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, 1963, a Lake Forest, Illinois . Mahaifinta, Harrison I. Steans, attajiri ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin banki wanda daga baya ya sayar wa JPMorgan Chase. Daga bisani ya zama biliyan, a cikin 1994 ya kafa Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi, wanda ke saka hannun jari ga dukiyar iyalin Steans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memorium Harrison I. Steans |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/obituary_harrison.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2019 |title=Banker, civic figure Harrison Steans dies |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/banker-civic-figure-harrison-steans-dies |website=chicagobusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yanzu 'yar'uwar Steans Jennifer ce ke gudanar da shi, kuma kwanan nan ta saka hannun jari a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da ke mayar da hankali ga Asiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dynasty to dynasty: US banking heiress reaches out to Asian billionaires |url=https://www.financeasia.com/article/dynasty-to-dynasty-us-banking-heiress-reaches-out-to-asian-billionaires/455012 |website=financeasia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, Kamfanin Kasuwancin Kudi yana saka hannun jari sosai a masana'antun banki da makamashi mai da iskar gas,  kuma yana da saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin sabis na fracturing fracking Liberty Oilfield Services kafin fara bayar da jama'a a cikin 2018, kodayake Steans ba ta saka hannun jari kanta ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Steans |url=https://www.ficcep.com/jennifer-w-steans/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Liberty Oilfield Services |url=https://www.ficcep.com/liberty-oilfield-services-2/ |website=ficcep.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Steans graduated with an A.B. in sociology from Princeton University in 1985 after completing a senior thesis titled &quot;Public vs. Private: Low and Moderate Income Housing in Trenton, New Jersey.&quot; She earned an M.P.P. from [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard University]]'s John F. Kennedy School of Government.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2017}}

== Ayyukan sana'a ==
Steans shine tsohon darektan kasafin kudi na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu, Aiki, da Dangantakar Dan Adam ta Wisconsin. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara dabarun [[Chicago Public Schools|Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago]] kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ernst &amp;amp;amp; Young . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://senatorsteans.com/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318033517/http://senatorsteans.com/biography |archive-date=18 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi na siyasa ==

=== Hakkin LGBT ===
A shekara ta 2009, Steans ya gabatar da dokar auren gay SB 2468 wanda ke gabatar da auren farar hula a Illinois kuma yana ba da damar cibiyoyin addini su ƙi auren ma'aurata iri ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SessionID=76&amp;GA=96 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; SB 2468 ya bayyana cewa, &quot;babu wani abu a cikin Dokar da ya kamata a fassara don tsoma baki ko tsara duk wani aikin addini game da aure kuma babu wata addini da ake buƙata don yin aure wanda ya ƙi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of SB2468 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&amp;SessionId=76&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeId=SB&amp;DocNum=2468&amp;GAID=10&amp;LegID=48572&amp;SpecSess=&amp;Session= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
A cikin 2013, Steans ya dauki nauyin dokar auren gay wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sweet 16: Illinois Gov. Signs Gay Marriage Bill |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/national-international/natl-chi-sweet-16-illinois-gov-signs-gay-marriage-bill/2047740/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba na daidaito na Illinois Bernard Cherkasov ya kira Steans &quot;ɗaya daga cikin masu goyon bayan Majalisar Dattijai na cikakken daidaito ga mutanen LGBT, gami da kasancewa babban mai tallafawa majalisar dattijai na dokar aure. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Sterns wins Freedom Award |url=http://www.equalityillinois.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/RELEASE_SteansWinsFreedomAward_1-30-13.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=equalityillinois.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Canjin kiwon lafiya ===
Steans shine Babban Mai tallafawa na IL Senate Bill 655 (SB685), wanda ya kirkiro sabbin dokoki da aka tsara don inganta kulawa a gidajen tsofaffi da hana watsi da haƙuri da cin zarafi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0685 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=685&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=41577&amp;SessionID=76#actions |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar sanarwar manema labarai ta Ofishin Gwamna Pat Quinn, &quot;Sabon dokar ta sake fasalin tsarin shigarwa zuwa gidajen tsofaffi, tabbatar da cewa kawai waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai ƙwarewa na awanni 24 ne aka shigar da su. .. Dokar ta kafa ingancin gidajen tsofaffin yara da bukatun ma'aikata, ta ɗaga hukunci don keta doka, kuma ta kara dubawa da saka idanu. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Nursing reform law |url=http://www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/pressroom/2010_07/07_29_10_Nursing_Home_Reform_Law_RELEASE.pdf |access-date=February 18, 2020 |publisher=Illinois Attorney General}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Steans ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da abokin hamayyar siyasa, Suzanne Elder, don zartar da dokar nuna bambanci. Yin aiki tare, ita da Elder sun fuskanci adawa mai tsanani daga kungiyoyin malamai na jihar kuma sun mamaye wani gyare-gyare na veto daga Gwamna Quinn don kafa dokar da ke kare lafiyar da haƙƙin jama'a na ɗalibai masu ciwon sukari da sauran nakasassu (The Care of Students with Diabetes Act, P.A. 96-1485). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Full Text of Public Act 096-1485 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=096-1485 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2012, Heather Steans ta dauki nauyin &quot;Save Medicaid Access and Resources Together Act&quot; (SMART Act), wanda ya adana Illinois $ 1.6 biliyan a cikin farashin Medicaid ta hanyar kara ingancin shirin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois News - Illinois.gov |url=https://www2.illinois.gov:443/news/release?ReleaseID=10307 |website=www2.illinois.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Steans kuma ya zartar da dokar da ta ba Illinois damar aiwatar da fadada Medicaid a karkashin Dokar Kare Mai haƙuri da Kulawa mai araha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steans Family Foundation &amp;#124; Board |url=http://www.steansfamilyfoundation.org/bio_heather.shtml |website=steansfamilyfoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2018 Heather Seans ita ce jagorar mai tallafawa a Majalisar Dattijai don ƙuntata damar Illinoisans ga tsare-tsaren kiwon lafiya marasa bin Obamacare a cikin ƙoƙari na tilasta musu cikin tsare-tsare na inshorar kiwon lafiya masu tsada da Obamacare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Illinois Legislature overrides veto of short-term health plan limit {{!}} Modern Healthcare |url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20181129/NEWS/181129919/illinois-legislature-overrides-veto-of-short-term-health-plan-limit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nuna bambanci ===
Steans ya dauki nauyin Dokar Daidaita Biya ta Illinois ta 2012, wanda ke da alhakin nuna bambancin albashi bisa ga jinsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2012 Equal Pay Legislation |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/2012-equal-pay-legislation.aspx |website=ncsl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya jagoranci yakin don Illinois ta tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki, wanda ya wuce Majalisar Dattijan Jihar Illinois. A kan batun, Steans ya ce, &quot;Daga daidaitattun albashi zuwa daidaitattun damar kiwon lafiya zuwa magani mai kyau a makarantun koleji, haƙƙin mata suna cikin haɗari muddin ba a kare su a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senate votes to ratify Equal Rights Amendment (AUDIO) |url=http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913065824/http://senatorsteans.com/news/press-releases/117-senate-votes-to-ratify-equal-rights-amendment-audio |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=senatorsteans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muhalli ===
Steans ya rubuta Dokar Lead Sinker, SB 1269, shirin ilimi wanda ke inganta amfani da kayayyakin kamun kifi waɗanda ba su da lahani ga mutane da namun daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB1269 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=1269&amp;GAID=10&amp;GA=96&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;LegID=42210&amp;SessionID=76 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da tallafawa SB 3346 tare da Wakilin Jiha Karen Mayu, Steans ya zartar da lissafin rage mercury a cikin yanayin yanayi ta hanyar inganta tarin kayan da sake amfani da su daga raka'a na thermostat. A cewar Cibiyar Shari'a da Manufofin Muhalli, ƙungiyar da ta taimaka wajen tsara lissafin, &quot;Wannan lissafin ne wanda masu kula da muhalli, masana'antun da dukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zasu iya yarda da shi&quot;.

Steans da abokan aikinta sun zartar da dokar da ta sanya Illinois jihar farko a cikin al'umma don hana siyarwa da ƙera microbeads a cikin kayan shafawa da sabulu, waɗanda sune babban tushen gurɓata filastik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Germann |first=Roger |date=December 30, 2015 |title=Great Lakes Triumph as Microbead-Free Waters Act Signed into Law |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/great-lakes-triumph-as-microbead-free_b_8891144 |website=HuffPost}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilimi ===
Sanata Steans ya taimaka wajen jagorantar aiwatar da dokar da ta karfafa dokokin yaki da zalunci na Illinois ta hanyar bayar da rahoto, kare sirrin dalibai, hana ramuwar gayya da sauran matakan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gov. Quinn Signs Anti-Bullying Bill « Equality Illinois |url=https://www.equalityillinois.us/2014/06/gov-quinn-signs-anti-bullying-bill/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Steans ya ci gaba da jagorantar kokarin kirkirar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta tare da ikon buƙatar hukumomin haraji na gida don tallafawa makarantun sasanta masu zaman kansu, koda kuwa hukumar makarantar da ta dace ba za ta yi hakan da son rai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for HB5825 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=5825&amp;GAID=11&amp;GA=97&amp;DocTypeID=HB&amp;LegID=66321&amp;SessionID=84&amp;SpecSess= |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Wannan yunkuri don tallafawa yunkurin makarantar Yarjejeniya ya biyo bayan kokarin da ta yi na wuce SB7, wanda ya sauƙaƙa tsarin korar malamai a makarantar jama'a kuma ya sa ya fi wuya ga malamai su shiga cikin aikin ƙungiyar da aka kare na yajin aiki don inganta yanayin aiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for SB0007 |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=7&amp;GAID=11&amp;DocTypeID=SB&amp;SessionID=84&amp;GA=97 |website=ilga.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Kudin na ƙarshe ya kasance wani ɓangare na takaddamar siyasa ga magajin gari Rahm Emanuel na lokacin da ke kula da rufe kusan makarantun firamare hamsin a Birnin Chicago tare da manyan ɗaliban Afirka na Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karp |first=Sarah |date=May 22, 2018 |title=Study: 2013 Chicago School Closings Failed To Help Students |url=https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/study-2013-chicago-school-closings-failed-to-help-students/0eea4948-78dc-4fc9-9c45-0750584cb9f4 |publisher=WBEZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>1982 Rikicin Overtown</title>
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      <id>971010</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
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      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[1982 Rikicin Overtown]] to [[Rikicin Overtown, 1982]]</comment>
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    <title>1991 Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun</title>
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      <id>971015</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:15:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
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      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[1991 Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun]] to [[Zaben gwamna na jihar Ogun, 1991]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Bir I dan Kanem</title>
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      <id>971020</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
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      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[Bir I dan Kanem]] to [[Biri I Uthman]]</comment>
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    <title>Kifi a Vanuatu</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
        <id>48635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354170421|Fishing in Vanuatu]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971023</origin>
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      <text bytes="7619" sha1="8jc2es7gf1rf18leshxviflmi4gp9xh" xml:space="preserve">'''Kifi''' yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin [[Vanuatu]]. Ita ce babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga ga mutane da yawa a cikin tsibirai da kuma babbar fitarwa ta Vanuatu. Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2009, kusan kashi 77% na gidaje a Vanuatu suna da hannu a aikin kamun kifi. Dangane da kididdigar 2005, Vanuatu ta kama kifi 151,080 a wannan shekarar, tare da kifi mai daskarewa ya kai rabin fitar da kayayyaki na Vanuatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Women20092&quot; /&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Vanuatu tana da tsibirai 83 da aka raba ta zurfin zurfin Tekun Pacific. Da yake a geologically a gefen Pacific Plate, tsibirin tsibirin ya tashi zuwa tsawo na 5 m sama da farfajiya, tare da ƙasashensu a zurfin 1000 m a cikin nisan 1 km daga bakin teku (an kira su duwatsu na karkashin teku &lt;ref name=&quot;Info&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vanuatu Fishing |url=http://vanuatuinformation.com/things-to-see-do/vanuatu-fishing/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806030131/http://vanuatuinformation.com/things-to-see-do/vanuatu-fishing/ |archive-date=6 August 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |publisher=vanuatuinformation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;). &amp;nbsp;Wannan halin ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau don kamun kifi na ruwa ko ruwa mai budewa, kusa da bakin tekun ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reasons&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=10 reasons to visit Vanuatu |url=http://www.fishing.net.nz/vanuatu/ |access-date=10 May 2013 |publisher=Fishing.net.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dabbobi na ruwa ==
Yankunan bakin teku na tsibirin Vanuatau gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa. Wasu daga cikin mahimman nau'o'in sune Kifi, gami da kifi mai suna swordfish, gajeren kifi, kifi mai laushi, baƙar fata da shuɗi marlin, da kuma yellowfin tuna, mahi-mahi, wahoo, Mackerel na Mutanen Espanya, Dogtooth tuna, coral trout, jobfish, [[Redbass|ja bass]], &lt;ref name=&quot;Reasons&quot; /&gt; Watson's bonito fish, dolphinfish, sharks, Skipjack Tuna, da rainbow runners. &lt;ref name=&quot;Info&quot; /&gt;

== Masana'antar ==
Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2009, kusan kashi 77% na gidaje a Vanuatu suna da hannu a aikin kamun kifi. Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2005, Vanuatu ta kama kifi 151,080 a wannan shekarar, tare da kifi mai daskarewa ya kai rabin fitar da kayayyaki na kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Women2009&quot; /&gt; Kifi na kasuwanci a Vanuatu ana yin sa ne ta hanyar kifi mai zurfi da jiragen ruwa na wasan kwaikwayo don kamun kifi mai laushi da kuma kamawa ga nau'in pelagic. Baya ga ƙananan tsibirai, manyan wuraren don rayuwa da kamun kifi na kasuwanci na bakin teku sune tsibirin Port Vila, Luganville, Santo, da Malekula. Port Vila ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi mahimmancin kasuwanci, tare da mafi yawan kayan kasuwanci da ke wucewa ta tashar jiragen sama. A cikin 1999, kusan 80% na duk kamun kasuwanci (ton 180) sun sauka a nan; kamun kifi na rayuwa, wanda ya kai tan 2,700 ba ya wucewa ta kowane babban tashar jiragen ruwa musamman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2002 |title=Information on Fisheries Management in the Republic of Vanuatu |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/VUT/body.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323004326/http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/VUT/body.htm |archive-date=23 March 2017 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da rahotanni na FAO na 1999, saukowar abinci da kamun kifi na kasuwanci na bakin teku sun kasance na kimanin tan 2700 da tan 230 bi da bi. Ana sauke abin da aka kama galibi a Port Vila. Bugu da kari, jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje sun yi aiki tare da kama tan 118, wanda aka ruwaito a cikin shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot; /&gt;
Kimanin amfani da kifi a cikin Vanavatu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna matakin amfani a cikin kewayon 15.9 zuwa 25.7 kg ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. &amp;nbsp;Idan aka yi la'akari da karuwar yawan jama'a tsakanin 1999 da 2025, ƙididdigar buƙatun kifi shine mita 7,500 don 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot; /&gt;

Aquaculture kuma yana da mahimmanci kuma Vanuatu tana da gonakin ruwa da yawa. Tare da kayan daji na Giant clams sun gaji, kasar ta nemi masu saka hannun jari a cikin noma na jinsin. Gwamnati a shirye take ta ba da izinin haraji ga masu saka hannun jari na kasashen waje a cikin wannan masana'antar, da kuma al'adun shrimps. Sauran damar kiwon kifi da ake la'akari da su sun hada da Shrimp, da Milk Fish, Prawns, Oysters, da Mullet.

== Gudanarwa da dokoki ==
Ma'aikatar Kifi ce ke kula da kamun kifi a Vanuatu a karkashin Dokar Kifi (Gwamma) No. 2 na 1989, kodayake an sake fasalin wannan aikin. Ayyukan Shari'a masu zurfi kamar Dokar Kifi (1982), Dokar Yankin Ruwa ta 1981 da Dokokin Kifi masu alaƙa da 1983 da sauran ƙarin dokoki don kamun kifi na kasuwanci an kafa su kuma suna aiki.

Dukkanin ayyukan ruwa a Vanuatu dole ne su bi doka, wanda ya haɗa da samun lasisin kamun kifi daga sashen. Tun daga shekara ta 1983, Vanuatu ta shiga cikin shirin Kayan Kifi da Abinci tare da hadin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Kifi da ORSTOM. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, an dawo da wasu wuraren kamun kifi ko kuma da son rai ƙin kama wasu nau'o'in a lokuta daban-daban na shekara don inganta kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan kifaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UsaPublications2007&quot; /&gt; Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007 lasisi yana biyan $ 11,000 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;UsaPublications2007&quot; /&gt;

A ƙoƙarin inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kuma ba da hadin kai tare da sauran kamun kifi a yankin Pacific, gwamnati tana nazarin shirin ci gaban kiwon kifi da [[Tuna Management Plan|Shirin Gudanar da Tuna]] ko Manufofin Kasa don Kifi na Tuna tare da taimako daga [[Canadian South Pacific Oceanic Development Program|Shirin Ci gaban Tekun Kudancin Pacific na Kanada]] (CSPOD).  A karkashin Shirin Gudanar da Tuna, Ma'aikatar Kifi, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Vanuatu (VMA), Rundunar 'Yan Sanda ta Ruwa, da Ofishin Shari'ar Jiha an ba su alhakin aiwatar da shirin gudanar da tuna. Kasuwancin kamun kifi ya kasance bisa ga tsare-tsaren gudanarwa da aka ayyana yayin da a cikin yanayin rayuwa da kamun kifin ƙauye an ba da alhakin gudanarwa ga al'ummomin yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot; /&gt;

== Kifi na wasanni ==
Ma'aikatar Kwastam tana da alhakin jiragen ruwa da ke aiki a Vanuatu. Kifi na wasanni a kasar ya sami saka hannun jari sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don inganta yawon bude ido. Wasanni da kunshin kamun kifi sun haɗa da kayan aikin hi-tech, tare da tafiyar rana ko zaɓuɓɓukan rayuwa. 
Lokacin da ake yin kifi na wasanni don dogtooth, yellowfin tuna, ko wahoo, ana sanya alamar kamawa kuma a saki shi ko kuma a ba da shi ga mazauna ƙauyen. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan kamun kifi sun haɗa da prawns da eels a cikin koguna, kamun kifin kifi mai kore, nutsewa don crayfish; ko tafiya zuwa tabkuna na crater don prawns da eel.

== Matsayin mata ==
Mata suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan kamun kifi, tare da maza, galibi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kusa da bakin teku. Suna aiki a girbi kifi na bakin teku a matsayin muhimmiyar abin da ake buƙata. Tare da amfani da gillnets, suna kama [[Mangrou|Mangru]], wanda ake buƙata da kuma cucumbers na teku, [[Mudcrabs]] da mangrove oysters. A cikin 'yan tsibirai, suna kuma da hannu a cikin nutsewa don kama Troshus. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sayar da kifi na kasuwanci, samfuransa da kayan kifi, wanda shine ƙarfin su na musamman suna da hannu wajen tattara kwarangwal, kama kwari, kama lobsters da sarrafa bêche-de-mer. A cikin al'ummar da maza suka mamaye ba a ba da matsayinsu daidai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=3. Women's social and economic role in the fisheries sector |url=https://www.fao.org/docrep/X5195E/X5195e03.htm |access-date=13 May 2013 |publisher=FAO Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>8jc2es7gf1rf18leshxviflmi4gp9xh</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>971024</id>
      <parentid>971023</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T18:38:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jafar Shamsu</username>
        <id>48635</id>
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      <text bytes="7631" sha1="rn7snbcmc0qvx8bz90mjt5zaw805hvx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kifi''' yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin [[Vanuatu]]. Ita ce babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga ga mutane da yawa a cikin tsibirai da kuma babbar fitarwa ta Vanuatu. Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2009, kusan kashi 77% na gidaje a Vanuatu suna da hannu a aikin kamun kifi. Dangane da kididdigar 2005, Vanuatu ta kama kifi 151,080 a wannan shekarar, tare da kifi mai daskarewa ya kai rabin fitar da kayayyaki na Vanuatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Women20092&quot; /&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Vanuatu tana da tsibirai 83 da aka raba ta zurfin zurfin Tekun Pacific. Da yake a geologically a gefen Pacific Plate, tsibirin tsibirin ya tashi zuwa tsawo na 5 m sama da farfajiya, tare da ƙasashensu a zurfin 1000 m a cikin nisan 1 km daga bakin teku (an kira su duwatsu na karkashin teku &lt;ref name=&quot;Info&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vanuatu Fishing |url=http://vanuatuinformation.com/things-to-see-do/vanuatu-fishing/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806030131/http://vanuatuinformation.com/things-to-see-do/vanuatu-fishing/ |archive-date=6 August 2013 |access-date=10 May 2013 |publisher=vanuatuinformation.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;). &amp;nbsp;Wannan halin ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau don kamun kifi na ruwa ko ruwa mai budewa, kusa da bakin tekun ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reasons&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=10 reasons to visit Vanuatu |url=http://www.fishing.net.nz/vanuatu/ |access-date=10 May 2013 |publisher=Fishing.net.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dabbobi na ruwa ==
Yankunan bakin teku na tsibirin Vanuatau gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa. Wasu daga cikin mahimman nau'o'in sune Kifi, gami da kifi mai suna swordfish, gajeren kifi, kifi mai laushi, baƙar fata da shuɗi marlin, da kuma yellowfin tuna, mahi-mahi, wahoo, Mackerel na Mutanen Espanya, Dogtooth tuna, coral trout, jobfish, [[Redbass|ja bass]], &lt;ref name=&quot;Reasons&quot; /&gt; Watson's bonito fish, dolphinfish, sharks, Skipjack Tuna, da rainbow runners. &lt;ref name=&quot;Info&quot; /&gt;

== Masana'antar ==
Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2009, kusan kashi 77% na gidaje a Vanuatu suna da hannu a aikin kamun kifi. Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2005, Vanuatu ta kama kifi 151,080 a wannan shekarar, tare da kifi mai daskarewa ya kai rabin fitar da kayayyaki na kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Women2009&quot; /&gt; Kifi na kasuwanci a Vanuatu ana yin sa ne ta hanyar kifi mai zurfi da jiragen ruwa na wasan kwaikwayo don kamun kifi mai laushi da kuma kamawa ga nau'in pelagic. Baya ga ƙananan tsibirai, manyan wuraren don rayuwa da kamun kifi na kasuwanci na bakin teku sune tsibirin Port Vila, Luganville, Santo, da Malekula. Port Vila ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi mahimmancin kasuwanci, tare da mafi yawan kayan kasuwanci da ke wucewa ta tashar jiragen sama. A cikin 1999, kusan 80% na duk kamun kasuwanci (ton 180) sun sauka a nan; kamun kifi na rayuwa, wanda ya kai tan 2,700 ba ya wucewa ta kowane babban tashar jiragen ruwa musamman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2002 |title=Information on Fisheries Management in the Republic of Vanuatu |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/VUT/body.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323004326/http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/VUT/body.htm |archive-date=23 March 2017 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da rahotanni na FAO na 1999, saukowar abinci da kamun kifi na kasuwanci na bakin teku sun kasance na kimanin tan 2700 da tan 230 bi da bi. Ana sauke abin da aka kama galibi a Port Vila. Bugu da kari, jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje sun yi aiki tare da kama tan 118, wanda aka ruwaito a cikin shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot; /&gt;
Kimanin amfani da kifi a cikin Vanavatu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna matakin amfani a cikin kewayon 15.9 zuwa 25.7 kg ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. &amp;nbsp;Idan aka yi la'akari da karuwar yawan jama'a tsakanin 1999 da 2025, ƙididdigar buƙatun kifi shine mita 7,500 don 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot; /&gt;

Aquaculture kuma yana da mahimmanci kuma Vanuatu tana da gonakin ruwa da yawa. Tare da kayan daji na Giant clams sun gaji, kasar ta nemi masu saka hannun jari a cikin noma na jinsin. Gwamnati a shirye take ta ba da izinin haraji ga masu saka hannun jari na kasashen waje a cikin wannan masana'antar, da kuma al'adun shrimps. Sauran damar kiwon kifi da ake la'akari da su sun hada da Shrimp, da Milk Fish, Prawns, Oysters, da Mullet.

== Gudanarwa da dokoki ==
Ma'aikatar Kifi ce ke kula da kamun kifi a Vanuatu a karkashin Dokar Kifi (Gwamma) No. 2 na 1989, kodayake an sake fasalin wannan aikin. Ayyukan Shari'a masu zurfi kamar Dokar Kifi (1982), Dokar Yankin Ruwa ta 1981 da Dokokin Kifi masu alaƙa da 1983 da sauran ƙarin dokoki don kamun kifi na kasuwanci an kafa su kuma suna aiki.

Dukkanin ayyukan ruwa a Vanuatu dole ne su bi doka, wanda ya haɗa da samun lasisin kamun kifi daga sashen. Tun daga shekara ta 1983, Vanuatu ta shiga cikin shirin Kayan Kifi da Abinci tare da hadin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Kifi da ORSTOM. Tun daga shekara ta 1990, an dawo da wasu wuraren kamun kifi ko kuma da son rai ƙin kama wasu nau'o'in a lokuta daban-daban na shekara don inganta kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan kifaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UsaPublications2007&quot; /&gt; Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007 lasisi yana biyan $ 11,000 a shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;UsaPublications2007&quot; /&gt;

A ƙoƙarin inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kuma ba da hadin kai tare da sauran kamun kifi a yankin Pacific, gwamnati tana nazarin shirin ci gaban kiwon kifi da [[Tuna Management Plan|Shirin Gudanar da Tuna]] ko Manufofin Kasa don Kifi na Tuna tare da taimako daga [[Canadian South Pacific Oceanic Development Program|Shirin Ci gaban Tekun Kudancin Pacific na Kanada]] (CSPOD).  A karkashin Shirin Gudanar da Tuna, Ma'aikatar Kifi, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Vanuatu (VMA), Rundunar 'Yan Sanda ta Ruwa, da Ofishin Shari'ar Jiha an ba su alhakin aiwatar da shirin gudanar da tuna. Kasuwancin kamun kifi ya kasance bisa ga tsare-tsaren gudanarwa da aka ayyana yayin da a cikin yanayin rayuwa da kamun kifin ƙauye an ba da alhakin gudanarwa ga al'ummomin yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plan&quot; /&gt;

== Kifi na wasanni ==
Ma'aikatar Kwastam tana da alhakin jiragen ruwa da ke aiki a Vanuatu. Kifi na wasanni a kasar ya sami saka hannun jari sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don inganta yawon bude ido. Wasanni da kunshin kamun kifi sun haɗa da kayan aikin hi-tech, tare da tafiyar rana ko zaɓuɓɓukan rayuwa. 
Lokacin da ake yin kifi na wasanni don dogtooth, yellowfin tuna, ko wahoo, ana sanya alamar kamawa kuma a saki shi ko kuma a ba da shi ga mazauna ƙauyen. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan kamun kifi sun haɗa da prawns da eels a cikin koguna, kamun kifin kifi mai kore, nutsewa don crayfish; ko tafiya zuwa tabkuna na crater don prawns da eel.

== Matsayin mata ==
Mata suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan kamun kifi, tare da maza, galibi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kusa da bakin teku. Suna aiki a girbi kifi na bakin teku a matsayin muhimmiyar abin da ake buƙata. Tare da amfani da gillnets, suna kama [[Mangrou|Mangru]], wanda ake buƙata da kuma cucumbers na teku, [[Mudcrabs]] da mangrove oysters. A cikin 'yan tsibirai, suna kuma da hannu a cikin nutsewa don kama Troshus. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sayar da kifi na kasuwanci, samfuransa da kayan kifi, wanda shine ƙarfin su na musamman suna da hannu wajen tattara kwarangwal, kama kwari, kama lobsters da sarrafa bêche-de-mer. A cikin al'ummar da maza suka mamaye ba a ba da matsayinsu daidai ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=3. Women's social and economic role in the fisheries sector |url=https://www.fao.org/docrep/X5195E/X5195e03.htm |access-date=13 May 2013 |publisher=FAO Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>rn7snbcmc0qvx8bz90mjt5zaw805hvx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Moelogo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179903</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971033</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:03:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uskeone</username>
        <id>40867</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345745425|Moelogo]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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{{Infobox musical artist|Name=Moelogo|image=|alt=|caption=Moelogo in 2023|Birth_name=Mohammed Basit Abiola Isola Animashaun&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/search/workID/920004479 |title=BALABLU |website=ASCAP |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |access-date=July 10, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Alias=&lt;!-- the alias field is for listing official stage names for the act or solo artist other than the name in the |name= parameter. It is not for listing nicknames.   --&gt;|birth_date={{ Birth date and age|1990|04|13|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Lagos State]], Nigeria|Origin=|death_date=|death_place=|Genre={{hlist|[[Afrobeats]]|[[R&amp;B]]|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]}}|Occupation={{flatlist|
*Singer
*Songwriter }}|Instrument={{flat list|
*Vocals }}|Years_active=2013–present|Label=|Associated_acts={{flat list|
*[[Adekunle Gold]]
*[[Tiwa Savage]]
*[[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]]
*[[Jonas Blue]]
}}|website=https://moelogo.com}}'''Mohammed Basit Abiola Isola Animashaun''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Moelogo''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 August 2016 |title=Meet Moelogo, South London's Rising Afrobeats Star |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/moelogo-interview/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Okayafrica}}&lt;/ref&gt; (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1990), mawaƙi ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙi na Burtaniya-Nijeriya, yana da ƙididdigar rubuce-rubuce don wasu sanannun ayyukan kiɗa, gami da ''Celia'' na [[Tiwa Savage]] .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Moelogo a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] kuma ya koma London a shekara ta 2001. Ya shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta makaranta yana da shekara 14, yana gano baiwarsa da sha'awarsa, ya ci gaba da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiɗa ta Starlight ta London.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moelogo |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/moelogo-mn0003297690/biography |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Allmusic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A cikin 2013, Moelogo ya fitar da EP na farko Moe Is My Name, Music Is My Logo .

A shekara ta 2016, ya sami gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Mawallafin Afirka a Kyautar Mobo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 September 2016 |title=Nominations For The 2016 MOBO Awards Are In |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2016/09/mobo-2016-nominees |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Complex}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, gudummawar da ya bayar a waƙar mawaki Jonas Blue mai suna “We Could Go Back”, a matsayin mawaƙin da aka gayyata, ta sa ya shiga jadawalin waƙoƙin da suka fi shahara a Birtaniya (UK Singles Chart).[1] Waƙar ta kai matsayi na 74. Haka kuma, ta shiga jadawalin waƙoƙin Dance/Electronic na Amurka, inda ta kai matsayi na 34. Ban da haka, waƙar ta shiga jadawalin waƙoƙin da suka shahara a Belgium, Sweden da New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MOELOGO |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/30702/moelogo/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Official chart}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A cikin 2018, Moelogo ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar bugawa tare da Downtown Records . 

== Bayanan da aka yi ==

=== EPs / Album ===

* ''Moe shine Sunan Ni, Kiɗa shine Alamona'' EP (2013) 
* ''Ireti'' (2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2016 |title=Moelogo's Ìréti EP Is An Afropop Dream |url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/03/28/moelogo-ireti-ep |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=thefader}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=Moelogo – Ìréti (The EP) |url=https://notjustok.com/song/albums/ep/moelogo-ireti-the-ep/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Notjustok}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Magic (2019) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Listen to British Nigerian act Moelogo's new EP 'Magic' |url=https://pan-african-music.com/en/moelogo-magic/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Pan African Music}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ni'' (2020) 
* ''Ni da kaina'' (2020) 

=== Zaɓaɓɓun mutane ===

* &quot;Penkele&quot; (2016) 
* &quot;Rora Se&quot; ya yi nasara. [[Adekunle Gold]] (2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Music: Moelogo ft. Adekunle Gold – Rora Se |url=http://soundcity.tv/music/new-music-moelogo-ft-adekunle-gold-rora-se/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Soundcity}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Penkele&quot; Rediyo feat.[[Davido]] &amp; [[Sarkodie|Sarkoda]] (2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=Listen To Davido And Sarkodie's Remix Of Moelogo's &quot;Penkele&quot; |url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/05/17/moelogo-davido-sarkodie-penkele-remix |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=thefader}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ayyukan &quot;Farin ciki&quot;. [[Adekunle Gold]] (2018) 

=== Haɗin kai ===

* &quot;Yarinya ce kawai&quot; - [[Adekunle Gold]] (2017) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 April 2017 |title=Adekunle Gold &amp; Moelogo – Only Girl |url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/download-adekunle-gold-x-moelogo-only-girl-mp3-download/ |access-date=13 February 2021 |publisher=Mp3bullet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Za Mu Iya Komawa&quot; - Jonas Blue (2017) 
* &quot;Ilimi&quot; - [https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=%2Fg%2F11ddykdsml Tobinsco] (2018) [https://thenet.ng/tobinsco-gets-assistance-uk-based-nigerian-act-moelogo-record-education/]
* &quot;Ohemaa&quot; - M.anifest (2019) 
* &quot;Ka ba ku duka&quot; - Sarki Lekan (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 September 2020 |title=MOELOGO JOINS KING LEKAN ON &quot;GIVE YOU ALL&quot; |url=https://grmdaily.com/king-lekan-moelogo-give-you-all/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Grmdaily}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Ku dawo&quot; - [[Sarkodie|Sarkoda]] (2021) 

== Kyauta da gabatarwa ==
Ya sami yabo da gabatarwa da yawa:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka
!Bayanan lambar yabo (s) 
!Mai karɓa
!Sakamakon
!Ref
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Kyautar Mobo
|Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Afirka
|Babu amfani|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya]]
|Mai zane-zane na shekara
|Babu amfani|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya]]
|Dokar da ta fi Alkawari da za a Kula
|Babu amfani|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Wizkid, Davido, Tiwa Savage, Jidenna and More Nominated For 2017 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2017-wizkid-davido/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |publisher=Okayafrica}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya]]
|Mafi kyawun Collabo (Adekunle Gold feat. Moelogo) 
|Babu amfani|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2020
|Headies 2020
|Mafi Kyawun Waƙar Sauran) 
|1|{{Won}}
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>jtitqe2etjlew45c7d22o6ahxz0ucox</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yunin 2013 Harin Quetta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179904</id>
    <redirect title="Harin Quetta a watan Yuni, 2013" />
    <revision>
      <id>971048</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:14:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>BnHamid</username>
        <id>12586</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>BnHamid moved page [[Yunin 2013 Harin Quetta]] to [[Harin Quetta a watan Yuni, 2013]]</comment>
      <origin>971048</origin>
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      <text bytes="45" sha1="eyyxm2alvznrp64r61r6ufj2nhy1n66" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Harin Quetta a watan Yuni, 2013]]</text>
      <sha1>eyyxm2alvznrp64r61r6ufj2nhy1n66</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kerry Howley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179905</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971071</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:30:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372393805|Kerry Howley]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4607" sha1="fffx43li1or3it7hkx2unxdlaar9r4r" xml:space="preserve">
'''Kerry Howley''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1981) marubuci ne na Amurka a mujallar New York, farfesa a Jami'ar Iowa ta Nonfiction Writing Program, kuma marubuci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=2019-12-03 |title='The Spy Who Dumped Me' Helmer Susanna Fogel To Direct Reality 'Winner' Biopic For 'The Farewell' Producers |url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/susanna-fogel-reality-winner-biopic-big-beach-1202799428/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://english.uiowa.edu/people/kerry-howley |access-date=2016-09-28 |website=english.uiowa.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce marubucin aikin wallafe-wallafen da ba a rubuta ba Thrown (2014). 

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Howley ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Georgetown da Jami'ar Iowa ta shirin MFA. 
Kafin ta yi aiki a New York, ta kasance edita a ''Mujallar Reason.'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=http://reason.com/people/kerry-howley/articles |access-date=2016-09-28 |website=Reason.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin mujallar New York, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://nymag.com/author/Kerry%20Howley/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=New York magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Paris Review,  The New Yorker,  da ''Granta'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://granta.com/contributor/kerry-howley/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Granta |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

Howley is the author of ''Thrown'', which was named a ''New York Times'' Notable Book, a ''New York Times'' Editor's Choice, and a best book of 2014 in ''Slate'', ''Salon'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Filgate |first=Michele |date=2014-12-29 |title=Salon's What to Read Awards: Top critics choose the best books of 2014 |url=https://www.salon.com/2014/12/29/salon%e2%80%99s_what_to_read_awards_top_critics_choose_the_best_books_of_2014/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Salon |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Playboy'', and ''Time''. ''Thrown'' was long-listed for the PEN/ESPN Award for Literary Sportswriting&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PEN/ESPN Award for Literary Sports Writing Longlist {{!}} Book awards |url=https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/PEN%252FESPN+Award+for+Literary+Sports+Writing+Longlist |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=www.librarything.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and won first prize in the Next Generation Indie Book Awards.

An kira Howley Fellow na Gidauniyar Lannan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://lannan.org/bios/kerry-howley |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Lannan Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dukkanin labarinta na New York na 2018 game da likitan Larry Nassar  da kuma rubutun ta na New York a ranar 6 ga Janairu an zabi su don Kyautattun Kyaututtuka a National Magazine Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-07 |title=New York Media Sweeps Up 8 Nominations for the National Magazine Awards |url=https://nymag.com/press/2019/02/new-york-medias-8-nominations-for-national-magazine-awards.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=New York Press Room |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=New York Receives 8 National Magazine Awards Nominations |url=https://nymag.com/press/2022/02/new-york-receives-eight-national-magazine-award-nominations.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=New York Press Room |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2022 fim din ya fara ne a kan Winner, fim din da Howley ya rubuta bisa ga rayuwar Reality Winner. Susanna Fogel da taurari Emilia Jones ne suka ba da umarnin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Complex |first=Valerie |date=October 24, 2022 |title=Emilia Jones To Lead 'Winner' Biopic From Susanna Fogel; Zach Galifianakis And Connie Britton Also Star |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/emilia-jones-to-lead-winner-biopic-from-susanna-fogel-and-kerry-howley-1235153477/ |access-date=October 24, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Kerry-Howley-Politics-and-Prose-Thrown-23-Nov-2014.jpg|thumb|Kerry Howley a karatun littafinta, Thrown a Siyasa da Prose, a Jami'ar Georgetown, 23 Nuwamba 2014]]

== Ayyuka ==

=== Littattafai ===

*  
*  

=== Labarai ===

* [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/daniel-hale-drone-wars.html &quot;Ka kira ni mai cin amana&quot;] New York. 20 ga Yulin 2021.
* &quot;[https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/tulsi-gabbard-2020-presidential-campaign.html &quot;Tulsi Gabbard yana da ƙuruciya mai ban mamaki&quot;]&quot; New York. 11 Yuni 2019.
* &quot;Ta yaya Larry Nassar yaudari Mutane da yawa don Tsawon Lokaci?&quot; 19 ga Nuwamba 2018.
*  
*  

=== Tattaunawa ===

*  
*  
*  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]]</text>
      <sha1>fffx43li1or3it7hkx2unxdlaar9r4r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971073</id>
      <parentid>971071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971073</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4619" sha1="ad1jrnqkh6a9i94nb8vihpl7ylinr9c" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kerry Howley''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1981) marubuci ne na Amurka a mujallar New York, farfesa a Jami'ar Iowa ta Nonfiction Writing Program, kuma marubuci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=2019-12-03 |title='The Spy Who Dumped Me' Helmer Susanna Fogel To Direct Reality 'Winner' Biopic For 'The Farewell' Producers |url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/susanna-fogel-reality-winner-biopic-big-beach-1202799428/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://english.uiowa.edu/people/kerry-howley |access-date=2016-09-28 |website=english.uiowa.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce marubucin aikin wallafe-wallafen da ba a rubuta ba Thrown (2014). 

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Howley ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Georgetown da Jami'ar Iowa ta shirin MFA. 
Kafin ta yi aiki a New York, ta kasance edita a ''Mujallar Reason.'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=http://reason.com/people/kerry-howley/articles |access-date=2016-09-28 |website=Reason.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin mujallar New York, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://nymag.com/author/Kerry%20Howley/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=New York magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Paris Review,  The New Yorker,  da ''Granta'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://granta.com/contributor/kerry-howley/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Granta |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; .

Howley is the author of ''Thrown'', which was named a ''New York Times'' Notable Book, a ''New York Times'' Editor's Choice, and a best book of 2014 in ''Slate'', ''Salon'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Filgate |first=Michele |date=2014-12-29 |title=Salon's What to Read Awards: Top critics choose the best books of 2014 |url=https://www.salon.com/2014/12/29/salon%e2%80%99s_what_to_read_awards_top_critics_choose_the_best_books_of_2014/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Salon |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Playboy'', and ''Time''. ''Thrown'' was long-listed for the PEN/ESPN Award for Literary Sportswriting&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PEN/ESPN Award for Literary Sports Writing Longlist {{!}} Book awards |url=https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/PEN%252FESPN+Award+for+Literary+Sports+Writing+Longlist |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=www.librarything.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and won first prize in the Next Generation Indie Book Awards.

An kira Howley Fellow na Gidauniyar Lannan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kerry Howley |url=https://lannan.org/bios/kerry-howley |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Lannan Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dukkanin labarinta na New York na 2018 game da likitan Larry Nassar  da kuma rubutun ta na New York a ranar 6 ga Janairu an zabi su don Kyautattun Kyaututtuka a National Magazine Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-07 |title=New York Media Sweeps Up 8 Nominations for the National Magazine Awards |url=https://nymag.com/press/2019/02/new-york-medias-8-nominations-for-national-magazine-awards.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=New York Press Room |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=New York Receives 8 National Magazine Awards Nominations |url=https://nymag.com/press/2022/02/new-york-receives-eight-national-magazine-award-nominations.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=New York Press Room |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2022 fim din ya fara ne a kan Winner, fim din da Howley ya rubuta bisa ga rayuwar Reality Winner. Susanna Fogel da taurari Emilia Jones ne suka ba da umarnin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Complex |first=Valerie |date=October 24, 2022 |title=Emilia Jones To Lead 'Winner' Biopic From Susanna Fogel; Zach Galifianakis And Connie Britton Also Star |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/emilia-jones-to-lead-winner-biopic-from-susanna-fogel-and-kerry-howley-1235153477/ |access-date=October 24, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Kerry-Howley-Politics-and-Prose-Thrown-23-Nov-2014.jpg|thumb|Kerry Howley a karatun littafinta, Thrown a Siyasa da Prose, a Jami'ar Georgetown, 23 Nuwamba 2014]]

== Ayyuka ==

=== Littattafai ===

*  
*  

=== Labarai ===

* [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/daniel-hale-drone-wars.html &quot;Ka kira ni mai cin amana&quot;] New York. 20 ga Yulin 2021.
* &quot;[https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/tulsi-gabbard-2020-presidential-campaign.html &quot;Tulsi Gabbard yana da ƙuruciya mai ban mamaki&quot;]&quot; New York. 11 Yuni 2019.
* &quot;Ta yaya Larry Nassar yaudari Mutane da yawa don Tsawon Lokaci?&quot; 19 ga Nuwamba 2018.
*  
*  

=== Tattaunawa ===

*  
*  
*  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blackbird (fim na 2007)</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>971076</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:32:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368305805|Blackbird (2007 film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971076</origin>
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      <text bytes="2694" sha1="fzji7rtx9q49o32sqipo868zu37voe3" xml:space="preserve">'''''Blackbird''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 2007 wanda Adam Rapp ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni tare da Gillian Jacobs, Paul Sparks, da Danny Hoch . An daidaita shi daga wasan da Rapp ya rubuta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krawczyk |first=Susanna |date=August 16, 2007 |title=''Blackbird'' (2007) |url=https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/blackbird-film-review-by-susanna-krawczyk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235322/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/blackbird-film-review-by-susanna-krawczyk |archive-date=July 22, 2021 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |website=Eye for Film}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Says |first=Tim |date=March 19, 2007 |title=BLACKBIRD &amp;#124; Film Threat |url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/blackbird/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brunette |first=Peter |date=March 15, 2007 |title=Blackbird |url=https://www.screendaily.com/blackbird/4031454.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923045520/https://www.screendaily.com/blackbird/4031454.article |archive-date=September 23, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |website=[[Screen Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An fara shi ne a Kudu ta Kudu maso Yamma &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; kuma ya ci gaba da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na Edinburgh da kuma bikin fina-fukaki na Charlotte, inda ya lashe &quot;Mafi kyawun Labari&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Blackbird'' |url=https://forward-entertainment.com/blackbird |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171152/https://forward-entertainment.com/blackbird |archive-date=2022-09-20 |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Forward Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
A cikin shekarun 1990s New York City, matashi mai tsere da kuma mai tsere Froggy an kama shi cikin wahalar jarabawar heroin yayin da ta fada cikin soyayya da wani ɗan'uwa mai junkie, tsohon soja Baylis. Ma'auratan sun sami ta'aziyya a cikin juna, duk da haka sun riga sun yi zurfi sosai a cikin wani daji mai saukowa. Akwai yiwuwar fansa, tare da fatan wani nau'i na &quot;rayuwa ta yau da kullun&quot;, amma Bayliss da Froggy ba su iya samun ƙarfi da sarrafawa don tsaftace kansu ba. Hanyarsu tana kaiwa ga hallaka juna.

== Masu ba da labari ==

* Gillian Jacobs a matsayin Froggy
* Paul Sparks a matsayin Baylis
* Danny Hoch a matsayin Pinchback
* Michael Shannon a matsayin Murl
* Annie Parisse a matsayin Angie
* Stephen Adly Guirgis a matsayin Kasuwanci
* Anthony Katagas a kusa
* Danny Mastrogiorgio a matsayin Kent

== Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci ==
Screen Daily ya ce &quot;fim din yana tafiya a kan hanyar da ta lalace&quot;, amma &quot;kyakkyawan wasan kwaikwayon Jacobs da Sparks suna kiyaye mai kallo na dogon lokaci&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971081</id>
      <parentid>971076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:34:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971081</origin>
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      <text bytes="2707" sha1="1ua99abvgostnw8st1zor5h61jn3p5m" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''''Blackbird''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 2007 wanda Adam Rapp ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni tare da Gillian Jacobs, Paul Sparks, da Danny Hoch . An daidaita shi daga wasan da Rapp ya rubuta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Krawczyk |first=Susanna |date=August 16, 2007 |title=''Blackbird'' (2007) |url=https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/blackbird-film-review-by-susanna-krawczyk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235322/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/blackbird-film-review-by-susanna-krawczyk |archive-date=July 22, 2021 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |website=Eye for Film}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Says |first=Tim |date=March 19, 2007 |title=BLACKBIRD &amp;#124; Film Threat |url=https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/blackbird/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brunette |first=Peter |date=March 15, 2007 |title=Blackbird |url=https://www.screendaily.com/blackbird/4031454.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923045520/https://www.screendaily.com/blackbird/4031454.article |archive-date=September 23, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |website=[[Screen Daily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An fara shi ne a Kudu ta Kudu maso Yamma &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; kuma ya ci gaba da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na Edinburgh da kuma bikin fina-fukaki na Charlotte, inda ya lashe &quot;Mafi kyawun Labari&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=''Blackbird'' |url=https://forward-entertainment.com/blackbird |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171152/https://forward-entertainment.com/blackbird |archive-date=2022-09-20 |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Forward Entertainment}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
A cikin shekarun 1990s New York City, matashi mai tsere da kuma mai tsere Froggy an kama shi cikin wahalar jarabawar heroin yayin da ta fada cikin soyayya da wani ɗan'uwa mai junkie, tsohon soja Baylis. Ma'auratan sun sami ta'aziyya a cikin juna, duk da haka sun riga sun yi zurfi sosai a cikin wani daji mai saukowa. Akwai yiwuwar fansa, tare da fatan wani nau'i na &quot;rayuwa ta yau da kullun&quot;, amma Bayliss da Froggy ba su iya samun ƙarfi da sarrafawa don tsaftace kansu ba. Hanyarsu tana kaiwa ga hallaka juna.

== Masu ba da labari ==

* Gillian Jacobs a matsayin Froggy
* Paul Sparks a matsayin Baylis
* Danny Hoch a matsayin Pinchback
* Michael Shannon a matsayin Murl
* Annie Parisse a matsayin Angie
* Stephen Adly Guirgis a matsayin Kasuwanci
* Anthony Katagas a kusa
* Danny Mastrogiorgio a matsayin Kent

== Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci ==
Screen Daily ya ce &quot;fim din yana tafiya a kan hanyar da ta lalace&quot;, amma &quot;kyakkyawan wasan kwaikwayon Jacobs da Sparks suna kiyaye mai kallo na dogon lokaci&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lincoln University Kumo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971077</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:33:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi:   '''Lincoln University Kumo''' jami’a ce da ke garin [[Kumo]], cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko ta Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa cibiyar tun a shekarar 2017 da sunan Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo, ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe. Bayan wani lokaci ba tare da fara gudanar da cikakken aikin karatu ba, gwamnatin jihar ta kulla yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Lincoln University College ta Malaysia a shekarar 2022 domin farfaɗo da cibiyar da kuma fara gudanar...</comment>
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'''Lincoln University Kumo''' jami’a ce da ke garin [[Kumo]], cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko ta Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. An kafa cibiyar tun a shekarar 2017 da sunan Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo, ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe. Bayan wani lokaci ba tare da fara gudanar da cikakken aikin karatu ba, gwamnatin jihar ta kulla yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Lincoln University College ta Malaysia a shekarar 2022 domin farfaɗo da cibiyar da kuma fara gudanar da harkokin ilimi. A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa ta ba da lasisin gudanar da Lincoln University Malaysia a Kumo. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe gets first foreign university |url=https://guardian.ng/education/gombe-gets-first-foreign-university/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=13 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe State Receives Operational Licence for Malaysia's Lincoln University |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-state-receives-operational-licence-for-malaysias-lincoln-university/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=11 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

An kafa cibiyar a shekarar 2017 da sunan Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo, bisa shirin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe na faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami’a da kuma bunƙasa karatun kimiyya da fasaha. Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa ta amince da kafa jami’ar a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara. An tsara ta ne domin taimaka wa matasan jihar da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita samun damar karatun gaba da sakandare. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NUC recognises New Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/nuc-recognises-new-gombe-state-university-of-science-and-technology-kumo/ |work=National Universities Commission |date=31 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duk da amincewar da jami’ar ta samu, cibiyar ba ta fara gudanar da harkokin karatu yadda aka tsara nan take ba. Wannan ya sa aka nemi hanyoyin da za a bi domin farfaɗo da ita, samar da kayan aiki da kuma tabbatar da fara karɓar ɗalibai. A shekarar 2021, rahotanni sun bayyana shirin gwamnatin jihar na mayar da tsohuwar jami’ar zuwa cibiyar ilimi mai aiki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da masu zuba jari da cibiyoyin ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe converts abandoned college to university campus |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/ |work=Premium Times |date=8 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haɗin gwiwa da Lincoln University College ==

A ranar 30 ga Maris 2022, gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da kamfani mai zaman kansa (Public-Private Partnership, PPP) da Lincoln University College ta Malaysia. Gwamna Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya ya halarci bikin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, inda Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar, Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi, ya wakilci gwamnatin jihar, yayin da Amiya Bhaumik ya wakilci cibiyar Malaysia. Manufar yarjejeniyar ita ce farfaɗo da jami’ar Kumo da kuma samar da damar gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimi ƙarƙashin sabon tsari. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe Signs Historic PPP Agreement with Lincoln University of Malaysia on State Varsity |url=https://posts.lincoln.edu.my/gombe-signs-historic-ppp-agreement-with-lincoln-university-of-malaysia-on-state-varsity-2/ |work=Lincoln University College |date=30 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, gwamnatin jihar ta tsawaita wa’adin shugabancin tsohuwar Gombe State University of Science and Technology na tsawon watanni shida, domin ba da damar kammala shirye-shiryen miƙa cibiyar ga Lincoln University College. Rahoton jaridar Blueprint ya bayyana cewa matakin ya biyo bayan ƙarewar wa’adin shugabancin jami’ar da kuma buƙatar sauƙaƙa miƙa gudanarwarta ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe extends tenure of GSUST management by 6 months |url=https://blueprint.ng/gombe-extends-tenure-of-gsust-management-by-6-months/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=25 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lasisi da fara aiki ==

A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2025, Voice of Nigeria ta ruwaito cewa Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Ƙasa ta ba gwamnatin Jihar Gombe lasisin gudanar da Lincoln University Malaysia a harabar Kumo. An karɓi lasisin a hedikwatar NUC da ke Abuja, tare da wakilan gwamnatin jihar da shugabannin Lincoln University. An bayyana cewa lasisin ya ba jami’ar damar gudanar da ayyukan ilimi a Najeriya ƙarƙashin tsarin Transnational Education (TNE), wanda ke ba jami’ar ƙasar waje damar gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatu a wata ƙasa bisa amincewar hukumomin da abin ya shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe State Receives Operational Licence for Malaysia's Lincoln University |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-state-receives-operational-licence-for-malaysias-lincoln-university/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=11 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Disamba 2025, Lincoln University Kumo ta buɗe shafinta na neman shiga jami’a ta yanar gizo domin shekarar karatu ta 2025/2026. Jaridar The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa wannan mataki ya nuna fara shirin karɓar ɗalibai a ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin jami’ar. Mataimakin shugaban jami’ar, Adamu Sadiq Abubakar, ya bayyana cewa masu neman shiga za su iya cike takardun neman karatu ta intanet. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe gets first foreign university |url=https://guardian.ng/education/gombe-gets-first-foreign-university/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=13 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin ilimi da fannoni ==

Bisa rahotannin da aka wallafa lokacin buɗe shafin neman shiga, jami’ar tana da fannoni uku: Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Computing, da Faculty of Management and Social Sciences. An bayyana shirye-shiryen karatu da suka haɗa da likitanci, jinya, lafiyar jama’a, lafiyar al’umma, radiography, sarrafa bayanan lafiya, ilimin halittu, biochemistry, biomedical science, fasahar sadarwa, tsaron yanar gizo, gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, lissafin kuɗi, gudanar da harkokin man fetur da iskar gas, da sadarwa. Ya kamata masu neman shiga su tabbatar da cewa shirin da suke so yana da amincewar hukumomin da suka dace kafin su nemi gurbi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lincoln University Begins Online Admissions, Assures Students of International-Standard Education |url=https://radionigerianortheast.gov.ng/?p=3514 |work=Radio Nigeria North East Zone |date=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin haɗin gwiwa da digiri ==

Lincoln University Kumo tana aiki ne bisa tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatin Jihar Gombe da Lincoln University College ta Malaysia. Rahotannin lokacin ba da lasisi sun bayyana cewa tsarin TNE yana ba ɗalibai damar karatu a Najeriya yayin da suke neman cancantar digiri daga cibiyar ƙasar waje. Duk da haka, matsayin kowane shirin karatu, amincewar ƙwararrun hukumomin sana’a da kuma cancantar digiri ya kamata a tantance su daban-daban ta hanyar hukumomin da suka dace. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe State Receives Operational Licence for Malaysia's Lincoln University |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-state-receives-operational-licence-for-malaysias-lincoln-university/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=11 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin jami’ar ==

An kafa Lincoln University Kumo da manufar faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami’a a Jihar Gombe da yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. Samuwar cibiyar na iya ƙara damar karatu a cikin gida, samar da ayyukan yi da kuma bunƙasa harkokin kasuwanci a Kumo da yankunan da ke kewaye. Gwamnatin jihar ta bayyana cewa tana son bunƙasa ilimi mai zurfi da kuma ƙarfafa bincike da ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire domin magance matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe State Receives Operational Licence for Malaysia's Lincoln University |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-state-receives-operational-licence-for-malaysias-lincoln-university/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=11 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Kumo]]
* [[Akko]]
* [[Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo]]
* [[Lincoln University College]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cameron Britton</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373254717|Cameron Britton]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Cameron Britton''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1986 or 1987) &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;33&quot; href=&quot;./Netflix&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Netflix&quot;&gt;Netflix's 'Mindhunter'&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;work&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot&lt;/nowiki&gt;;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[The Press Democrat]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;quote&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;His creepy, yet almost likable, portrayal has 'flung open' doors for the 31-year-old actor...&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;January 1, 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;January 1, 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230101112959/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;url-status&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;live&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwATw\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt7\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFCarter2018\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Carter, Lori (June 22, 2018). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAT0\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Analy grad Cameron Britton gives chilling performance on Netflix's 'Mindhunter'\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwAT8\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;cx-link\&quot; data-linkid=\&quot;210\&quot; href=\&quot;./The_Press_Democrat\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:WikiLink\&quot; title=\&quot;The Press Democrat\&quot;&gt;The Press Democrat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20230101112959/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUE\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;Archived&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; from the original on January 1, 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUI\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUM\&quot;&gt;January 1,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;q id=\&quot;mwAUQ\&quot;&gt;His creepy, yet almost likable, portrayal has 'flung open' doors for the 31-year-old actor...&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-pd_1-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Cameron_Britton#cite_note-pd-1 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka wanda aka sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Ed Kemper a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Netflix mai suna Mindhunter, wanda ya sami kyautar Primetime Emmy Award don fitaccen Baƙo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chow |first=Andrew R. |date=July 12, 2018 |title=Full List of 2018 Emmy Nominations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/12/arts/television/emmy-nominations-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011222011/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/12/arts/television/emmy-nominations-list.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2018 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Hazel a cikin jerin talabijin ɗin Netflix The Umbrella Academy .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Britton ta girma ne a Sonoma County, California, ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Analy a Sebastopol a shekara ta 2004.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru takwas, inda ya koyar da yara tare da ƙarin buƙatun tallafi daga watanni 18 zuwa shekaru 3.

== Ayyuka ==
Britton ya taka rawar gani a matsayin Ed Kemper a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Netflix na 2017 Mindhunter . Ya taka rawar ɗan fashin kwamfuta Plague a cikin Fim mai ban tsoro na 2018 The Girl in the Spider's Web . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title='Mindhunter' star (and 2017 breakout) Cameron Britton bought a car in-character as the Co-Ed Killer |url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/12/20/mindhunter-cameron-britton-2017-breakout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220208/http://ew.com/tv/2017/12/20/mindhunter-cameron-britton-2017-breakout/ |archive-date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=January 10, 2018 |website=EW.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shirin talabijin na Netflix The Umbrella Academy, ya taka rawar Hazel, mai kisan kai mai tafiya a lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2019 |title=The Umbrella Academy: Hazel and Agnes in danger next season? Cameron Britton reveals all |url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1087493/the-umbrella-academy-cast-hazel-agnes-cameron-britton-netflix |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220064357/https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1087493/the-umbrella-academy-cast-hazel-agnes-cameron-britton-netflix |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |agency=Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya fito ne a matsayin wanda ake zargi da karya a wasannin Olympics na 1996 Richard Jewell a kakar wasa ta biyu ta jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Manhunt . &lt;ref name=&quot;Chavez&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chavez |first=Danette |date=February 18, 2020 |title=Cameron Britton gets inside the heads of men good and bad for ''Mindhunter'' and ''Deadly Games'' |url=https://www.avclub.com/cameron-britton-gets-inside-the-heads-of-men-good-and-b-1841696941 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927225731/https://tv.avclub.com/cameron-britton-gets-inside-the-heads-of-men-good-and-b-1841696941 |archive-date=September 27, 2020 |access-date=August 26, 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Satumbar 2024, an jefa shi a cikin rawar da ake takawa akai-akai a jerin manyan jarumi ''Spider-Noir'' . 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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      <id>971084</id>
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'''Cameron Britton''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1986 or 1987) &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;33&quot; href=&quot;./Netflix&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Netflix&quot;&gt;Netflix's 'Mindhunter'&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;work&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot&lt;/nowiki&gt;;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[The Press Democrat]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;quote&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;His creepy, yet almost likable, portrayal has 'flung open' doors for the 31-year-old actor...&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;January 1, 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;January 1, 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230101112959/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;url-status&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;live&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwATw\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt7\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFCarter2018\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Carter, Lori (June 22, 2018). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAT0\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Analy grad Cameron Britton gives chilling performance on Netflix's 'Mindhunter'\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwAT8\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;cx-link\&quot; data-linkid=\&quot;210\&quot; href=\&quot;./The_Press_Democrat\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:WikiLink\&quot; title=\&quot;The Press Democrat\&quot;&gt;The Press Democrat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20230101112959/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/entertainment/analy-grad-cameron-britton-gives-chilling-performance-on-netflixs-mindhun/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUE\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;Archived&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; from the original on January 1, 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUI\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAUM\&quot;&gt;January 1,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2023&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;q id=\&quot;mwAUQ\&quot;&gt;His creepy, yet almost likable, portrayal has 'flung open' doors for the 31-year-old actor...&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-pd_1-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Cameron_Britton#cite_note-pd-1 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka wanda aka sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Ed Kemper a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Netflix mai suna Mindhunter, wanda ya sami kyautar Primetime Emmy Award don fitaccen Baƙo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chow |first=Andrew R. |date=July 12, 2018 |title=Full List of 2018 Emmy Nominations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/12/arts/television/emmy-nominations-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011222011/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/12/arts/television/emmy-nominations-list.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2018 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Hazel a cikin jerin talabijin ɗin Netflix The Umbrella Academy .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Britton ta girma ne a Sonoma County, California, ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Analy a Sebastopol a shekara ta 2004.  Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru takwas, inda ya koyar da yara tare da ƙarin buƙatun tallafi daga watanni 18 zuwa shekaru 3.

== Ayyuka ==
Britton ya taka rawar gani a matsayin Ed Kemper a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Netflix na 2017 Mindhunter . Ya taka rawar ɗan fashin kwamfuta Plague a cikin Fim mai ban tsoro na 2018 The Girl in the Spider's Web . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title='Mindhunter' star (and 2017 breakout) Cameron Britton bought a car in-character as the Co-Ed Killer |url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/12/20/mindhunter-cameron-britton-2017-breakout/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220208/http://ew.com/tv/2017/12/20/mindhunter-cameron-britton-2017-breakout/ |archive-date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=January 10, 2018 |website=EW.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shirin talabijin na Netflix The Umbrella Academy, ya taka rawar Hazel, mai kisan kai mai tafiya a lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2019 |title=The Umbrella Academy: Hazel and Agnes in danger next season? Cameron Britton reveals all |url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1087493/the-umbrella-academy-cast-hazel-agnes-cameron-britton-netflix |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220064357/https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1087493/the-umbrella-academy-cast-hazel-agnes-cameron-britton-netflix |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |access-date=February 19, 2019 |agency=Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya fito ne a matsayin wanda ake zargi da karya a wasannin Olympics na 1996 Richard Jewell a kakar wasa ta biyu ta jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Manhunt . &lt;ref name=&quot;Chavez&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chavez |first=Danette |date=February 18, 2020 |title=Cameron Britton gets inside the heads of men good and bad for ''Mindhunter'' and ''Deadly Games'' |url=https://www.avclub.com/cameron-britton-gets-inside-the-heads-of-men-good-and-b-1841696941 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927225731/https://tv.avclub.com/cameron-britton-gets-inside-the-heads-of-men-good-and-b-1841696941 |archive-date=September 27, 2020 |access-date=August 26, 2020 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Satumbar 2024, an jefa shi a cikin rawar da ake takawa akai-akai a jerin manyan jarumi ''Spider-Noir'' . 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rosdi Talib</title>
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        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351494535|Rosdi Talib]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa. Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2014 |title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa. Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2014 |title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
      <sha1>llr5k81q94f9wsr7z96lgxuz3ehcai7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971089</id>
      <parentid>971086</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:38:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan kulob */</comment>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa. Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2014 |title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
      <sha1>lxsw80fkf2span2q5yp60achplhfkb6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971097</id>
      <parentid>971089</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:44:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan kulob */</comment>
      <origin>971097</origin>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Sport/2384062/Article/index_html|title=Football / Premier League: Terengganu trio return|work=The New Straits Times|date=24 October 2008|accessdate=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2011&amp;dt=1017&amp;pub=Kosmo&amp;sec=Sukan&amp;pg=su_01.htm Terengganu, T-Team congak peluang]; Kosmo! Online, 17 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014. 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2014 |title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
      <sha1>fiiih0ft7ef7970xi6g0ipfmfaucxu8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971099</id>
      <parentid>971097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:46:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan kulob */</comment>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Sport/2384062/Article/index_html|title=Football / Premier League: Terengganu trio return|work=The New Straits Times|date=24 October 2008|accessdate=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2011&amp;dt=1017&amp;pub=Kosmo&amp;sec=Sukan&amp;pg=su_01.htm Terengganu, T-Team congak peluang]; Kosmo! Online, 17 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sinarharian.com.my/ultras/liga-malaysia/rosdi-talib-kembali-perkuat-barisan-pertahan-terengganu-1.144163 Rosdi Talib kembali preheat barman pertahanan Terengganu]; Sinar Harian, 29 March 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 April 2014 |title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
      <sha1>shtf0zmfjp6hdupa5ypyzd54cxjfme3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971102</id>
      <parentid>971099</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:48:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan kulob */</comment>
      <origin>971102</origin>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Sport/2384062/Article/index_html|title=Football / Premier League: Terengganu trio return|work=The New Straits Times|date=24 October 2008|accessdate=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2011&amp;dt=1017&amp;pub=Kosmo&amp;sec=Sukan&amp;pg=su_01.htm Terengganu, T-Team congak peluang]; Kosmo! Online, 17 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sinarharian.com.my/ultras/liga-malaysia/rosdi-talib-kembali-perkuat-barisan-pertahan-terengganu-1.144163 Rosdi Talib kembali preheat barman pertahanan Terengganu]; Sinar Harian, 29 March 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning|title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |publisher=goal.com |date=15 April 2014 |accessdate=15 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3891/features/2014/04/18/4760050/transfer-news-penang-and-pbapp-fc-address-problem-areas The Panthers sign two local defenders; The Waterboys finally enlist foreign players]; Goal, 18 April 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
      <sha1>frvtkiz57phr5k0gx1mejv1womcugz6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971105</id>
      <parentid>971102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:49:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan kasa da kasa */</comment>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Sport/2384062/Article/index_html|title=Football / Premier League: Terengganu trio return|work=The New Straits Times|date=24 October 2008|accessdate=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2011&amp;dt=1017&amp;pub=Kosmo&amp;sec=Sukan&amp;pg=su_01.htm Terengganu, T-Team congak peluang]; Kosmo! Online, 17 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sinarharian.com.my/ultras/liga-malaysia/rosdi-talib-kembali-perkuat-barisan-pertahan-terengganu-1.144163 Rosdi Talib kembali preheat barman pertahanan Terengganu]; Sinar Harian, 29 March 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning|title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |publisher=goal.com |date=15 April 2014 |accessdate=15 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3891/features/2014/04/18/4760050/transfer-news-penang-and-pbapp-fc-address-problem-areas The Panthers sign two local defenders; The Waterboys finally enlist foreign players]; Goal, 18 April 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.&lt;ref&gt;[https://matbolamalaysia.blogspot.my/2017/05/berjuang-habis-habisan-rosdi.html Berjuang habis-habisan – Rosdi]; Utusan Melayu, 14 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang . 

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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      <id>971107</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:50:32Z</timestamp>
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        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Sport/2384062/Article/index_html|title=Football / Premier League: Terengganu trio return|work=The New Straits Times|date=24 October 2008|accessdate=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2011&amp;dt=1017&amp;pub=Kosmo&amp;sec=Sukan&amp;pg=su_01.htm Terengganu, T-Team congak peluang]; Kosmo! Online, 17 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sinarharian.com.my/ultras/liga-malaysia/rosdi-talib-kembali-perkuat-barisan-pertahan-terengganu-1.144163 Rosdi Talib kembali preheat barman pertahanan Terengganu]; Sinar Harian, 29 March 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning|title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |publisher=goal.com |date=15 April 2014 |accessdate=15 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3891/features/2014/04/18/4760050/transfer-news-penang-and-pbapp-fc-address-problem-areas The Panthers sign two local defenders; The Waterboys finally enlist foreign players]; Goal, 18 April 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.&lt;ref&gt;[https://matbolamalaysia.blogspot.my/2017/05/berjuang-habis-habisan-rosdi.html Berjuang habis-habisan – Rosdi]; Utusan Melayu, 14 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang .&lt;ref&gt;[http://skuadpenyu.blogspot.my/2014/01/hanelang-fc-sedia-hadapi-cabaran.html Hanelang FC sedia hadapi cabaran]; Skuad Penyu, 4 January 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
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        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
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      <origin>971109</origin>
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'''Rosdi Bin Talib''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Maleshiya|Malaysian]]. Rosdi yana taka leda galibi a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|hagu-baya]] amma kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.

== Ayyukan kulob ==
Rosdi ya fara aikinsa a farkon shekarun 1990 a kungiyar matasa ta Terengganu kafin a kara shi zuwa tawagar farko. Ya buga wa Terengganu wasa ya lashe kofin Malaysia FA a shekara ta 2000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malay04.html Malaysia 2004]; RSSSF, Retrieved 29 September&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://dpmmfcfanatic.blogspot.my/2008/11/official-malaysian-premier-league.html Official Malaysian Premier League]; DPMM FC Fanatic, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&amp;dt=1213&amp;pub=Utusan_Express&amp;sec=Sports&amp;pg=so_02.htm Terengganu footballers to sign contract on Saturday]; Utusan Online, 13 December 2000&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000, ya kara kwantiraginsa da kulob din na wani kakar. Rosdi ya buga wasanni da yawa tare da kungiyar garinsu kafin ya tafi Pahang a shekara ta 2003.

Bayan sanya hannu tare da Pahang a shekara ta 2003, Rosdi ya lashe gasar zakarun Malaysia Super League ta 2004 da kuma 2006 Malaysia FA Cup .

A shekara ta 2009 ya koma garinsu kuma ya buga wa kulob din Kuala Terengganu PBDKT T-Team FC wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Friday/Sport/2384062/Article/index_html|title=Football / Premier League: Terengganu trio return|work=The New Straits Times|date=24 October 2008|accessdate=24 October 2008}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2011&amp;dt=1017&amp;pub=Kosmo&amp;sec=Sukan&amp;pg=su_01.htm Terengganu, T-Team congak peluang]; Kosmo! Online, 17 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekaru hudu tare da PBDKT T-Team FC, Rosdi daga baya ya sanya hannu tare da Terengganu a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan kwangilarsa da Terengganu ta ƙare a shekarar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sinarharian.com.my/ultras/liga-malaysia/rosdi-talib-kembali-perkuat-barisan-pertahan-terengganu-1.144163 Rosdi Talib kembali preheat barman pertahanan Terengganu]; Sinar Harian, 29 March 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Rosdi ya dawo daga ritaya don shiga kungiyar Penang ta PBAPP FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3896/malaysia/2014/04/15/4753705/pbapp-fc-1-2-felda-united-fc-the-settlers-continue-winning|title=PBAPP FC 1-2 Felda United FC: The Settlers continue winning streak |publisher=goal.com |date=15 April 2014 |accessdate=15 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3891/features/2014/04/18/4760050/transfer-news-penang-and-pbapp-fc-address-problem-areas The Panthers sign two local defenders; The Waterboys finally enlist foreign players]; Goal, 18 April 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan kasa da kasa ==
Rosdi ya wakilci tawagar kasar Malaysia tun lokacin da ya samu cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC a shekarar 2000. Ya taimaka wa Malaysia ta zama mai cin gaba a Gasar Merdeka ta 2000 kuma ta zama ta uku a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2000. An nada Rosdi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasar Malaysia a gasar cin Kofin Tiger na 2004 inda Malaysia ta kammala ta uku. An kuma zaba shi don buga wa Malaysia wasa a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC ta 2007, inda ya buga dukkan wasan. Wasansa na karshe a Malaysia ya kasance da Iran.&lt;ref&gt;[https://matbolamalaysia.blogspot.my/2017/05/berjuang-habis-habisan-rosdi.html Berjuang habis-habisan – Rosdi]; Utusan Melayu, 14 December 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan gudanarwa ==
A watan Janairun 2014, an nada Rosdi a matsayin mataimakin kocin kulob din na uku da ke Terengganu Hanelang .&lt;ref&gt;[http://skuadpenyu.blogspot.my/2014/01/hanelang-fc-sedia-hadapi-cabaran.html Hanelang FC sedia hadapi cabaran]; Skuad Penyu, 4 January 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
'''Terengganu'''

* Kofin Malaysia: 2001

'''Pahang'''

* Malaysia Super League: 2004

'''Malaysia'''

* Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar Merdeka: 2000
* Tiger Cup na uku: 2000, 2004

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{NFT player|4133|Rosdi Talib}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]]</text>
      <sha1>9vtfljj65dswa9jjw4qduymnke17zb3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tahirah Sharif</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>971087</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:36:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359580907|Tahirah Sharif]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971087</origin>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''Tahirah Amandla Sharif''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya da aka fi sani da matsayinta na ɗaliba Carrie Norton a cikin Waterloo Road a cikin 2015, Rebecca Jessel a cikin jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na [[Netflix]] The Haunting of Bly Manor a cikin 2020, da kuma PC Lizzie Adama a cikin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwDw&quot;&gt;Hasumiyar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a cikin 2021 wanda ta sami gabatarwa ta Mataimakin Actress BAFTA .

== Ilimi na wasan kwaikwayo ==
Tahirah Amandla Sharif 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya daga Brixton, Kudu maso Yammacin London, Ingila wacce aka haifa wa mahaifiyar Pakistan da mahaifin Jamaica. Sharif ta fara taka rawa ne a wasan kwaikwayo na makaranta yana da shekaru shida. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Sharif ya shiga [[BRIT School|Makarantar Brit]] don Ayyuka da Fasaha a Croydon, London. Daga baya ta ci gaba da karatun wasan kwaikwayo ta halarci darussan maraice a Identity School of Acting a London.

== Ayyuka ==
Ɗaya daga cikin rawar farko na Sharif ya kasance a cikin Film 4 gajeren See Me a matsayin jagora.

A cikin 2012, Sharif ya bayyana a kowane labari na wasan kwaikwayo na [[BBC]], One Night a matsayin Madison tare da bayyana a cikin jerin na biyu na wasan kwaikwayo ya ITV ''Whitechapel'' a matsayin Chantal Essian . A cikin wannan shekarar Sharif ta buga Esther Adams a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Moon on a Rainbow Shawl a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa kuma a matsayin Dunyazade a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Arabian Nights a gidan wasan Tricycle . Sharif daga nan ta bayyana a fim dinta na farko, The Invisible Woman a matsayin Rosa, tare da Ralph Fiennes da Felicity Jones . 

A cikin 2013, an jefa Sharif a matsayin yarinyar [[Ella Ashford|Ita]]-linkid=&quot;67&quot; href=&quot;./Martin_Ashford_(Casualty)&quot; id=&quot;mwNw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Martin Ashford (Casualty)&quot;&gt;Martin Ashford (Patrick Robinson), Ella a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na BBC Casualty . An sanar da Ella a matsayin &quot;mai lalata, mai kawo rikici na gaskiya kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar haifar da matsala ga Ash [mahaifin, Martin]&quot;. Sharif ta farko al'amuran da aka watsa a ranar 4 ga Mayu 2013  da kuma al'amarin karshe sama da shekara guda daga baya, a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BBC One - Casualty, Series 28, Games for the Boys |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b044b6gc}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan Casualty, Sharif ta sake taka rawar da ta taka a matsayin Esther Adams a cikin samar da Moon on a Rainbow Shawl don yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya.

Sharif ta fito a cikin fina-finai goma na karshe na wasan kwaikwayo na makaranta, Waterloo Road, a matsayin ɗalibi Carrie Norton a cikin 2015. Labarin ta sun hada da dawowar ɗan'uwanta, Guy Braxton (Regé-Jean Page) da kuma dangantakarta da Lenny Brown (Joe Slater). Sharif ya tafi wasa Kile a cikin gajeren fim din sci fi ''Pulsar'' a 2015 tare da [[Jessie Buckley]] da David Gyasi . 
A wannan shekarar, Sharif ta buga Katie a ''Firebird'' a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hampstead . Wasan ya yi nasara sosai har aka sauya shi zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yammacin Trafalgar Studios a cikin 2016. 

A cikin 2017, an jefa Sharif a matsayin Melissa a cikin ''Yarima na Kirsimeti'', da kuma sakamakonsa A Prince Christmas: The Royal Wedding da A Christmas Prince: The Royal Baby da aka saki a [[Netflix]] a cikin 2018 da 2019 bi da bi.

Sharif kuma ta fito a matsayin Rebecca Jessel a cikin jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na Netflix The Haunting of Bly Manor, wanda aka saki a watan Oktoba 2020. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971090</id>
      <parentid>971087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;'''Tahirah Amandla Sharif''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya da aka fi sani da matsayinta na ɗaliba Carrie Norton a cikin Waterloo Road a cikin 2015, Rebecca Jessel a cikin jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na [[Netflix]] The Haunting of Bly Manor a cikin 2020, da kuma PC Lizzie Adama a cikin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwDw&quot;&gt;Hasumiyar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; a cikin 2021 wanda ta sami gabatarwa ta Mataimakin Actress BAFTA .

{{Databox}}

== Ilimi na wasan kwaikwayo ==
Tahirah Amandla Sharif 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya daga Brixton, Kudu maso Yammacin London, Ingila wacce aka haifa wa mahaifiyar Pakistan da mahaifin Jamaica. Sharif ta fara taka rawa ne a wasan kwaikwayo na makaranta yana da shekaru shida. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, Sharif ya shiga [[BRIT School|Makarantar Brit]] don Ayyuka da Fasaha a Croydon, London. Daga baya ta ci gaba da karatun wasan kwaikwayo ta halarci darussan maraice a Identity School of Acting a London.

== Ayyuka ==
Ɗaya daga cikin rawar farko na Sharif ya kasance a cikin Film 4 gajeren See Me a matsayin jagora.

A cikin 2012, Sharif ya bayyana a kowane labari na wasan kwaikwayo na [[BBC]], One Night a matsayin Madison tare da bayyana a cikin jerin na biyu na wasan kwaikwayo ya ITV ''Whitechapel'' a matsayin Chantal Essian . A cikin wannan shekarar Sharif ta buga Esther Adams a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Moon on a Rainbow Shawl a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa kuma a matsayin Dunyazade a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Arabian Nights a gidan wasan Tricycle . Sharif daga nan ta bayyana a fim dinta na farko, The Invisible Woman a matsayin Rosa, tare da Ralph Fiennes da Felicity Jones . 

A cikin 2013, an jefa Sharif a matsayin yarinyar [[Ella Ashford|Ita]]-linkid=&quot;67&quot; href=&quot;./Martin_Ashford_(Casualty)&quot; id=&quot;mwNw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Martin Ashford (Casualty)&quot;&gt;Martin Ashford (Patrick Robinson), Ella a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na BBC Casualty . An sanar da Ella a matsayin &quot;mai lalata, mai kawo rikici na gaskiya kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar haifar da matsala ga Ash [mahaifin, Martin]&quot;. Sharif ta farko al'amuran da aka watsa a ranar 4 ga Mayu 2013  da kuma al'amarin karshe sama da shekara guda daga baya, a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BBC One - Casualty, Series 28, Games for the Boys |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b044b6gc}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan Casualty, Sharif ta sake taka rawar da ta taka a matsayin Esther Adams a cikin samar da Moon on a Rainbow Shawl don yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya.

Sharif ta fito a cikin fina-finai goma na karshe na wasan kwaikwayo na makaranta, Waterloo Road, a matsayin ɗalibi Carrie Norton a cikin 2015. Labarin ta sun hada da dawowar ɗan'uwanta, Guy Braxton (Regé-Jean Page) da kuma dangantakarta da Lenny Brown (Joe Slater). Sharif ya tafi wasa Kile a cikin gajeren fim din sci fi ''Pulsar'' a 2015 tare da [[Jessie Buckley]] da David Gyasi . 
A wannan shekarar, Sharif ta buga Katie a ''Firebird'' a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hampstead . Wasan ya yi nasara sosai har aka sauya shi zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yammacin Trafalgar Studios a cikin 2016. 

A cikin 2017, an jefa Sharif a matsayin Melissa a cikin ''Yarima na Kirsimeti'', da kuma sakamakonsa A Prince Christmas: The Royal Wedding da A Christmas Prince: The Royal Baby da aka saki a [[Netflix]] a cikin 2018 da 2019 bi da bi.

Sharif kuma ta fito a matsayin Rebecca Jessel a cikin jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na Netflix The Haunting of Bly Manor, wanda aka saki a watan Oktoba 2020. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Aidan O'Callaghan</title>
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        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380455732|Aidan O'Callaghan]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Aidan O'Callaghan''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Irish wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a talabijin da fim, gami da The Witcher: Blood Origin, Wolfe, The Rook, EastEnders, Emmerdale da Coronation Street .

== Ayyuka ==
O'Callaghan ya nuna Kareg a cikin jerin Netflix The Witcher: Blood Origin, wani prequel ga jerin Witcher . Kareg memba ne na Dog Clan, ƙungiyar mayaƙa ta dā da aka rantse don kare dangin sarauta na Xin'Trea . Wadanda aka jefa sun hada da Lenny Henry, Mirren Mack, [[Michelle Yeoh]] da Laurence O'Fuarain . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Witcher: Blood Origin Cast, News, Videos and more |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/the-witcher-blood-origin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524082324/https://www.netflix.com/tudum/the-witcher-blood-origin |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya bayyana a ''Emmerdale'', EastEnders da Coronation Street kuma ya yi aiki a kan sanannun ayyukan kasa da kasa kamar ''Wolfe da'' The Rook . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Irish actor Aidan O’Callaghan joins 'Coronation Street' cast {{!}} The Irish Film &amp; Television Network |url=https://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&amp;only=1&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=4296736&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=www.iftn.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2024, O'Callaghan ya bayyana a cikin gajeren fim din A Simple Killing, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Alƙalai da Kyautar Masu sauraro a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Waterford, kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina'a na Newport Beach, bikin fina-fi na Raindance, da kuma bikin fina-fukki na BAFTA- da Oscar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=Offaly-made short film wins top award at festival in Waterford |url=https://www.offalyindependent.ie/2024/11/25/offaly-made-short-film-wins-top-award-at-festival-in-waterford/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=Offaly Independent |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2025, O'Callaghan ya buga Col a cikin fim din mai suna The Reckoning of Erin Morrigan, tsohon masoyi na Erin Moririgan (Olwen Fouere) kuma jami'in IRA. An zabi fim din don Fim mafi kyau kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Chicago da Galway Film Fleadh . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chicago International Film Festival: Irish films to feature {{!}} The Irish Film &amp; Television Network |url=https://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&amp;only=1&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=4296570&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=www.iftn.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aidan zai buga jerin na yau da kullun a kakar wasa ta 2 jerin da aka zaba na BAFTA Scotland An t-Eilean a cikin 2027. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2026/filming-begins-on-an-t-eilean]

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Talabijin ===

* The Witcher: Blood Origin - Matsayi: Kareg Stoneheart (Netflix, fantasy / action) 
* Wani t-Eilean - Matsayin TBA Series Laifi na yau da kullun / mai ban tsoro) 
* ''Wolfe'' - Matsayi: Jake (mai aikata laifuka / mai ban tsoro) 
* The Rook - Matsayi: Alan (asirin / wasan kwaikwayo) 
* ''Emmerdale'' - Matsayi: Mike (ITV mai tsawo na ci gaba da wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya) 
* EastEnders - Matsayi: Lewis Butler (BBC mai tsawo na ci gaba da wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya) 
* Coronation Street - Matsayi: Alan Driscoll (wasan kwaikwayo na ITV mai tsawo) 

=== Fim din ===

* Lissafin Erin Morrigan - Matsayi: Col
* ''Kashewa Mai Sauƙi'' - Matsayi: Terry
* Matsayi: George Watson
* Clash of the Dead - Matsayi: Elias

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]</text>
      <sha1>e1gz6umdqwlrdsbic37m1zx21qbjctx</sha1>
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        <id>45962</id>
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      <text bytes="3563" sha1="4zgz90nn5aawmenp4yyaok5xy0ykf2c" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Aidan O'Callaghan''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1988) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Irish wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a talabijin da fim, gami da The Witcher: Blood Origin, Wolfe, The Rook, EastEnders, Emmerdale da Coronation Street .

== Ayyuka ==
O'Callaghan ya nuna Kareg a cikin jerin Netflix The Witcher: Blood Origin, wani prequel ga jerin Witcher . Kareg memba ne na Dog Clan, ƙungiyar mayaƙa ta dā da aka rantse don kare dangin sarauta na Xin'Trea . Wadanda aka jefa sun hada da Lenny Henry, Mirren Mack, [[Michelle Yeoh]] da Laurence O'Fuarain . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Witcher: Blood Origin Cast, News, Videos and more |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/the-witcher-blood-origin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524082324/https://www.netflix.com/tudum/the-witcher-blood-origin |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=Netflix Tudum |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya bayyana a ''Emmerdale'', EastEnders da Coronation Street kuma ya yi aiki a kan sanannun ayyukan kasa da kasa kamar ''Wolfe da'' The Rook . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Irish actor Aidan O’Callaghan joins 'Coronation Street' cast {{!}} The Irish Film &amp; Television Network |url=https://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&amp;only=1&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=4296736&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=www.iftn.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2024, O'Callaghan ya bayyana a cikin gajeren fim din A Simple Killing, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Alƙalai da Kyautar Masu sauraro a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Waterford, kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina'a na Newport Beach, bikin fina-fi na Raindance, da kuma bikin fina-fukki na BAFTA- da Oscar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=Offaly-made short film wins top award at festival in Waterford |url=https://www.offalyindependent.ie/2024/11/25/offaly-made-short-film-wins-top-award-at-festival-in-waterford/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=Offaly Independent |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2025, O'Callaghan ya buga Col a cikin fim din mai suna The Reckoning of Erin Morrigan, tsohon masoyi na Erin Moririgan (Olwen Fouere) kuma jami'in IRA. An zabi fim din don Fim mafi kyau kuma an nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Chicago da Galway Film Fleadh . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chicago International Film Festival: Irish films to feature {{!}} The Irish Film &amp; Television Network |url=https://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&amp;only=1&amp;aid=73&amp;rid=4296570&amp;tpl=archnews&amp;force=1 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=www.iftn.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aidan zai buga jerin na yau da kullun a kakar wasa ta 2 jerin da aka zaba na BAFTA Scotland An t-Eilean a cikin 2027. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2026/filming-begins-on-an-t-eilean]

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

=== Talabijin ===

* The Witcher: Blood Origin - Matsayi: Kareg Stoneheart (Netflix, fantasy / action) 
* Wani t-Eilean - Matsayin TBA Series Laifi na yau da kullun / mai ban tsoro) 
* ''Wolfe'' - Matsayi: Jake (mai aikata laifuka / mai ban tsoro) 
* The Rook - Matsayi: Alan (asirin / wasan kwaikwayo) 
* ''Emmerdale'' - Matsayi: Mike (ITV mai tsawo na ci gaba da wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya) 
* EastEnders - Matsayi: Lewis Butler (BBC mai tsawo na ci gaba da wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya) 
* Coronation Street - Matsayi: Alan Driscoll (wasan kwaikwayo na ITV mai tsawo) 

=== Fim din ===

* Lissafin Erin Morrigan - Matsayi: Col
* ''Kashewa Mai Sauƙi'' - Matsayi: Terry
* Matsayi: George Watson
* Clash of the Dead - Matsayi: Elias

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]</text>
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    <title>Marta Kaczmarek</title>
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      <id>971093</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357057716|Marta Kaczmarek]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Marta Kaczmarek''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Poland da Australiya.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Kaczmarek a Krasnystaw, [[Poland]], kuma an horar da shi a Kwalejin Ludwik Solski don Ayyukan Dramatic a Krakow . Ta koma [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya, tare da mijinta Kristof (Krzysztof) da 'yarta Kasia a cikin shekarun 1980, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lexi Cottee |date=12 August 2014 |title=Marta Kaczmarek: Always ready to role |url=http://www.theweeklyreviewbayside.com.au/story/1808106/marta-kaczmarek-always-ready-to-role/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113110540/http://www.theweeklyreviewbayside.com.au/story/1808106/marta-kaczmarek-always-ready-to-role/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=The Weekly Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa, mai ba da abinci, wakilin ƙasa, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan da malami a Kwalejin Ayyuka ta Yammacin Australia . Tare da mijinta, sun kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Zart . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Theatre Zart |url=https://www.kristofkaczmarek.net/theatre-zart}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
After a career in theatre, Kaczmarek's first Australian film role was opposite Geoffrey Rush in ''Shine''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shine |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117631/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kaczmarek ya sami matsayin baƙo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Ya'ya'' na Australiya da kuma rawar da ake yi a cikin Wild Kat, Offspring, ''Rake'' da ''Wentworth'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K.E. Weber |date=7 March 2012 |title=Marta Kaczmarek – Actor, Survivor and Green Room Award Nominee |url=http://www.theatrepeople.com.au/features/marta-kaczmarek-%E2%80%93-actor-survivor-and-green-room-award-nominee |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113110621/http://www.theatrepeople.com.au/features/marta-kaczmarek-%E2%80%93-actor-survivor-and-green-room-award-nominee |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=26 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Littafin waƙoƙinta, ''Ziemia Przybrana'' (Adopted Earth), an buga shi a shekara ta 2004.

Bayan 'yarta, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Kasia Kaczmarek, Marta ta koma Melbourne a cikin 2007, tana jagorantar ayyukan al'umma a Glenroy da Albion da kuma samar da bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Melbourne na 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marta Kaczmarek |url=https://www.wheelercentre.com/people/marta-kaczmarek}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsakanin 2007 da 2010, ta taka rawar Ellie Zdybicka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na SBS The Circuit tare da Gary Sweet da Aaron Pedersen .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Kaczmarek ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo / darektan Kristof (Krzysztof) Kaczmarak kuma 'yarsu 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce Kasia Kaczmarok .

A shekara ta 2004, gwamnatin Poland ta ba Kaczmarek lambar yabo ta Cavalier's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland saboda kokarin da ta yi na dogon lokaci wajen bunkasa al'adun Poland a Ostiraliya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marta Kaczmarek |url=http://wheelercentre.com/events/presenter/marta-kaczmarek/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113102818/http://wheelercentre.com/events/presenter/marta-kaczmarek/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=13 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]]</text>
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        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
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'''Marta Kaczmarek''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Poland da Australiya.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
{{Databox}}
An haifi Kaczmarek a Krasnystaw, [[Poland]], kuma an horar da shi a Kwalejin Ludwik Solski don Ayyukan Dramatic a Krakow . Ta koma [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya, tare da mijinta Kristof (Krzysztof) da 'yarta Kasia a cikin shekarun 1980, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lexi Cottee |date=12 August 2014 |title=Marta Kaczmarek: Always ready to role |url=http://www.theweeklyreviewbayside.com.au/story/1808106/marta-kaczmarek-always-ready-to-role/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113110540/http://www.theweeklyreviewbayside.com.au/story/1808106/marta-kaczmarek-always-ready-to-role/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=The Weekly Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa, mai ba da abinci, wakilin ƙasa, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan da malami a Kwalejin Ayyuka ta Yammacin Australia . Tare da mijinta, sun kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Zart . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Theatre Zart |url=https://www.kristofkaczmarek.net/theatre-zart}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
After a career in theatre, Kaczmarek's first Australian film role was opposite Geoffrey Rush in ''Shine''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shine |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117631/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kaczmarek ya sami matsayin baƙo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Ya'ya'' na Australiya da kuma rawar da ake yi a cikin Wild Kat, Offspring, ''Rake'' da ''Wentworth'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=K.E. Weber |date=7 March 2012 |title=Marta Kaczmarek – Actor, Survivor and Green Room Award Nominee |url=http://www.theatrepeople.com.au/features/marta-kaczmarek-%E2%80%93-actor-survivor-and-green-room-award-nominee |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113110621/http://www.theatrepeople.com.au/features/marta-kaczmarek-%E2%80%93-actor-survivor-and-green-room-award-nominee |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=26 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Littafin waƙoƙinta, ''Ziemia Przybrana'' (Adopted Earth), an buga shi a shekara ta 2004.

Bayan 'yarta, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Kasia Kaczmarek, Marta ta koma Melbourne a cikin 2007, tana jagorantar ayyukan al'umma a Glenroy da Albion da kuma samar da bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Melbourne na 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marta Kaczmarek |url=https://www.wheelercentre.com/people/marta-kaczmarek}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsakanin 2007 da 2010, ta taka rawar Ellie Zdybicka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na SBS The Circuit tare da Gary Sweet da Aaron Pedersen .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Kaczmarek ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo / darektan Kristof (Krzysztof) Kaczmarak kuma 'yarsu 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce Kasia Kaczmarok .

A shekara ta 2004, gwamnatin Poland ta ba Kaczmarek lambar yabo ta Cavalier's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland saboda kokarin da ta yi na dogon lokaci wajen bunkasa al'adun Poland a Ostiraliya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marta Kaczmarek |url=http://wheelercentre.com/events/presenter/marta-kaczmarek/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113102818/http://wheelercentre.com/events/presenter/marta-kaczmarek/ |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=13 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Victor Fresco</title>
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    <id>179913</id>
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        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357126708|Victor Fresco]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Victor Fresco''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1958) marubucin [[talabijin]] ne kuma furodusa na Amurka.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Born and raised in [[Los Angeles]], Fresco received his Bachelor's Degree in film and political science from Hampshire College.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}} After graduating, he worked in television commercials as a production assistant and as a prop master.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}}

His brothers are director Michael Fresco and television drama writer Rob Fresco.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}}

== Ayyuka ==
An zabi Fresco don Kyautar Primetime Emmy don Kyakkyawan Comedy Series a karo na biyu na Mad About You da Kyautar Primitime Emmy don Rubuce-rubuce na Kyakkyawar Comedy Series don Andy Richter Controls the Universe . Ya kirkiro jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ABC Better Off Ted, wanda ya gudana na yanayi biyu. Fresco ya kirkiro wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin, ciki har da Life on a Stick, The Trouble With Normal da Sean Saves the World .

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mahalicci, mai nunawa da kuma babban furodusa na jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na [[Netflix]] Santa Clarita Diet . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nellie Andreeva |date=18 March 2016 |title=Drew Barrymore &amp; Timothy Olyphant To Star In 'Santa Clarita Diet' Netflix Series |url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/drew-barrymore-timothy-olyphant-star-santa-clarita-diet-netflix-series-1201722867/ |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya bayyana cewa ya zo da manufar wasan kwaikwayo na zombie na kewayen gari saboda yana so ya yi &quot;... wasan kwaikwayo na iyali tare da hanyar da ba mu taɓa gani ba&quot;.

Ya zuwa 2022 yana haɓaka jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO Max game da 'yar farko Alice Roosevelt Longworth . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nellie Andreeva |date=25 February 2022 |title=Alice Roosevelt Longworth Comedy Series In Works At HBO Max From Victor Fresco, Alexandra Petri &amp; Kapital |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/alice-roosevelt-longworth-comedy-series-hbo-max-from-victor-fresco-alexandra-petri-kapital-1234960550/ |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>hpxwy05ysk3nf35a9pwf8j1rlscv9ii</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971096</id>
      <parentid>971095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:43:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
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      <origin>971096</origin>
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'''Victor Fresco''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1958) marubucin [[talabijin]] ne kuma furodusa na Amurka.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
{{Databox}}
Born and raised in [[Los Angeles]], Fresco received his Bachelor's Degree in film and political science from Hampshire College.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}} After graduating, he worked in television commercials as a production assistant and as a prop master.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}}

His brothers are director Michael Fresco and television drama writer Rob Fresco.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}}

== Ayyuka ==
An zabi Fresco don Kyautar Primetime Emmy don Kyakkyawan Comedy Series a karo na biyu na Mad About You da Kyautar Primitime Emmy don Rubuce-rubuce na Kyakkyawar Comedy Series don Andy Richter Controls the Universe . Ya kirkiro jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ABC Better Off Ted, wanda ya gudana na yanayi biyu. Fresco ya kirkiro wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin, ciki har da Life on a Stick, The Trouble With Normal da Sean Saves the World .

Ya yi aiki a matsayin mahalicci, mai nunawa da kuma babban furodusa na jerin abubuwan ban tsoro na [[Netflix]] Santa Clarita Diet . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nellie Andreeva |date=18 March 2016 |title=Drew Barrymore &amp; Timothy Olyphant To Star In 'Santa Clarita Diet' Netflix Series |url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/drew-barrymore-timothy-olyphant-star-santa-clarita-diet-netflix-series-1201722867/ |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya bayyana cewa ya zo da manufar wasan kwaikwayo na zombie na kewayen gari saboda yana so ya yi &quot;... wasan kwaikwayo na iyali tare da hanyar da ba mu taɓa gani ba&quot;.

Ya zuwa 2022 yana haɓaka jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO Max game da 'yar farko Alice Roosevelt Longworth . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nellie Andreeva |date=25 February 2022 |title=Alice Roosevelt Longworth Comedy Series In Works At HBO Max From Victor Fresco, Alexandra Petri &amp; Kapital |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/alice-roosevelt-longworth-comedy-series-hbo-max-from-victor-fresco-alexandra-petri-kapital-1234960550/ |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>bi8ux4gxxggaplamn90de6bav488hsf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sibel Redžep</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971098</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:45:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359353866|Sibel Redžep]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971098</origin>
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'''Sibel Redžep''' (Turkish: Sibel Recep, Macedonian: Сибел Реџеп; born 12 December 1987) is a Macedonian-born Swedish pop singer. She is known from the Swedish television show ''Idol 2005'', where she was the second runner up.
She was also a semi-finalist of ''Idol 2004'', where she placed fourth in her group but didn't make it to the finals.

Kafin ta shiga wasan kwaikwayon ta zauna a Kristianstad, Sweden . Sibel tana magana da Yaren mutanen Sweden, Turkiyya, Makidoniya, Turanci, Faransanci da ɗan Sinanci da Jamusanci. Har ila yau, ita ce mai ba da labari na baya don waƙar da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 &quot;It's Alright, It's OK&quot; ta Ashley Tisdale .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haife ta ne a Radoviš a cikin tsaunuka na kudu maso gabas [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makidoniya]], sannan Yugoslavia, ga dangin Turkiyya ta Makidoniya. Iyalinta suna zaune a kusa da ƙaramin ƙauyen Makidoniya na Topolnica .

A shekara ta 2004, Redžep mai shekaru 16 ya shiga gasar ƙwarewar Sweden Idol . Ta raira &quot;Beautiful&quot; ta Christina Aguilera, ta rage alƙalin da ke da fuska mai tsanani Peter Swartling zuwa hawaye. A Shekara mai zuwa, Agnes Carlsson da Sebastian Karlsson sun doke ta zuwa wasan karshe.

== Ayyuka ==
Kungiyar gudanarwa ta Sibel ta hada da alƙalin &quot;Idol&quot; Peter Swartling, wanda nan da nan bayan asarar Sibel a zagaye na karshe na Idol 2005. Swartling ya tsaya ga maganarsa kuma a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2006, ya fara aiki tare da Sibel a cikin ɗakin karatu tare da marubucin waƙa / furodusa Christian Antblad a Dublin. Tare da Sibel a makirufo an yanke shawarar cewa za su yi aiki tare da manyan ballads don muryarta. Ɗaya daga cikin ballads, &quot;Yadda na Gwada Bar Ka Ta&quot; asalinsa ƙaramin ra'ayi ne don mawaƙa da Sibel ta rera a waya, wanda aka kai shi ɗakin studio inda Kirista da Bitrus nan da nan suka fadi. Tare da jimlar kusan waƙoƙi talatin da aka rubuta, Sibel ta koma garin Kristianstad don kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]</text>
      <sha1>5iepax85bhrr47faax8m6u51ut1f7wa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971100</id>
      <parentid>971098</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:47:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971100</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2060" sha1="bgctqv5g457izge615xt35q2xagpybk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Sibel Redžep''' (Turkish: Sibel Recep, Macedonian: Сибел Реџеп; born 12 December 1987) is a Macedonian-born Swedish pop singer. She is known from the Swedish television show ''Idol 2005'', where she was the second runner up.
She was also a semi-finalist of ''Idol 2004'', where she placed fourth in her group but didn't make it to the finals.

Kafin ta shiga wasan kwaikwayon ta zauna a Kristianstad, Sweden . Sibel tana magana da Yaren mutanen Sweden, Turkiyya, Makidoniya, Turanci, Faransanci da ɗan Sinanci da Jamusanci. Har ila yau, ita ce mai ba da labari na baya don waƙar da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 &quot;It's Alright, It's OK&quot; ta Ashley Tisdale .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haife ta ne a Radoviš a cikin tsaunuka na kudu maso gabas [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makidoniya]], sannan Yugoslavia, ga dangin Turkiyya ta Makidoniya. Iyalinta suna zaune a kusa da ƙaramin ƙauyen Makidoniya na Topolnica .

A shekara ta 2004, Redžep mai shekaru 16 ya shiga gasar ƙwarewar Sweden Idol . Ta raira &quot;Beautiful&quot; ta Christina Aguilera, ta rage alƙalin da ke da fuska mai tsanani Peter Swartling zuwa hawaye. A Shekara mai zuwa, Agnes Carlsson da Sebastian Karlsson sun doke ta zuwa wasan karshe.

== Ayyuka ==
Kungiyar gudanarwa ta Sibel ta hada da alƙalin &quot;Idol&quot; Peter Swartling, wanda nan da nan bayan asarar Sibel a zagaye na karshe na Idol 2005. Swartling ya tsaya ga maganarsa kuma a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2006, ya fara aiki tare da Sibel a cikin ɗakin karatu tare da marubucin waƙa / furodusa Christian Antblad a Dublin. Tare da Sibel a makirufo an yanke shawarar cewa za su yi aiki tare da manyan ballads don muryarta. Ɗaya daga cikin ballads, &quot;Yadda na Gwada Bar Ka Ta&quot; asalinsa ƙaramin ra'ayi ne don mawaƙa da Sibel ta rera a waya, wanda aka kai shi ɗakin studio inda Kirista da Bitrus nan da nan suka fadi. Tare da jimlar kusan waƙoƙi talatin da aka rubuta, Sibel ta koma garin Kristianstad don kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]</text>
      <sha1>bgctqv5g457izge615xt35q2xagpybk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lilli Kay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179915</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971104</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:49:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379977084|Lilli Kay]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971104</origin>
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      <text bytes="4833" sha1="omxjhdeh7r7718k30lfxa3gr99mxtuc" xml:space="preserve">
'''Lilli Kay''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Penelope Fowler a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] Chambers (2019) da Sofia &quot;Fia&quot; Baxter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Showtime Your Honor (2020-2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2024 |title=Lilli Kay: An In-depth Biography of the Rising Star |url=https://papularmagazine.com/lilli-kay/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |publisher=papularmagazine.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma bayyana a karo na biyar na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Neo-Western na Paramount Network ''Yellowstone'' (2022). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2022 |title=Who Plays Clara Brewer On Yellowstone? |url=https://www.looper.com/1105243/who-plays-clara-brewer-on-yellowstone/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |publisher=Looper}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2025 ta bayyana a matsayin &quot;Zero&quot; a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Apple TV+ Stick .

== Ayyuka ==
Kay ta fito a matsayin Fia Baxter a gaban Bryan Cranston da Michael Stuhlbarg a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Showtime Your Honor, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jensen |first=Erin |date=16 January 2023 |title='Your Honor' star Bryan Cranston on Season 2 premiere shocker, 'new possibility of joy' |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/01/16/showtime-your-honor-season-2-premiere-bryan-cranston-reveal-recap/10943975002/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=USA Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya zama jerin na yau da kullun a kakar wasa ta biyu. Ta kuma fito a cikin fim din Paterno da [[Netflix]] jerin Chambers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=August 1, 2022 |title='Your Honor': Jimi Stanton, Lilli Kay &amp; Benjamin Flores Jr. Upped To Series Regulars For Season 2 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/your-honor-jimi-stanton-lilli-kay-benjamin-flores-jr-promoted-series-regular-season-2-1235079954/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tana da rawar da ake yi akai-akai a matsayin [./List_of_&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id=]Yellowstone_(American_TV_series)_characters&quot; id=&quot;mwNQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;List of Yellowstone (American TV series) characters&quot;&gt;Clara Brewer a Yellowstone a kakar wasa ta biyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Earl |first=William |date=10 January 2023 |title=Yellowstone' Breakout Lilli Kay on Clara's Future Fighting Alongside John Dutton and How Fans Reacted to the Series' First Queer Kiss |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/yellowstone-season-5-clara-lilli-kay-queer-kiss-1235480488/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Variety}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga cikin sumba ta farko da ba ta jima'i ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayon, ta sumbace abokin aikinta na ainihi, Juli Kocemba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Jan 4, 2023 |title='Queer People Love &quot;Yellowstone&quot;': Lilli Kay Rates Reaction to LGBTQ+ Kiss |url=https://www.newsweek.com/queerpeoplelove-yellowstone-lilli-kay-clara-rates-reaction-lgbtq-kiss-1771157 |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Newsweek}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=January 1, 2023 |title=Yellowstone' Actress Lilli Kay Talks About Playing Dutton's Confidante And A &quot;Lesbian On The Range&quot; |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/yellowstone-lilli-kay-clara-brewer-lesbians-on-the-range-1235209609/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kay ta buga Rachelle Horowitz a fim din ''Rustin'' a gaban Colman Domingo, [[Chris Rock]] da Jeffrey Wright . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abrams |first=Bryan |date=December 29, 2023 |title=Best of 2023: &quot;Rustin&quot; Screenwriter Julian Breece on Giving a Legend his Due |url=https://www.motionpictures.org/2023/12/rustin-screenwriter-julian-breece-on-giving-a-legend-his-due-2/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Motionpictures.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya ganinta a fim din indie mai suna The Luckiest Man in America a gaban Paul Walter Hauser . A watan Yunin 2024, an jefa ta a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Apple TV+ na golf mai suna Stick daga Jason Keller, tare da [[Owen Wilson]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=June 24, 2024 |title=Lilli Kay Joins Owen Wilson In Apple Golf Comedy Series |url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/lilli-kay-owen-wilson-apple-golf-comedy-series-cast-1235981614/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Har ila yau, mawaƙa ce kuma memba ce ta al'ummar LGBTQA + . A cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Yellowstone'', ta yi aiki tare da mahaifinta Stephen Kay wanda shine darektan kuma babban furodusa a cikin jerin. Mahaifiyarta Piper Perabo ita ma ta yi aiki a cikin jerin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nebens |first=Richard |date=June 4, 2024 |title=Who Is Lilli Kay? 6 Things to Know About Your Honor &amp; Yellowstone Actress |url=https://thedirect.com/article/lilli-kay-your-honor-yellowstone-actress |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=The Direct}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>omxjhdeh7r7718k30lfxa3gr99mxtuc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971106</id>
      <parentid>971104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:49:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971106</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4845" sha1="pap21h8lzhdh8tikideireo3m78h708" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Lilli Kay''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Penelope Fowler a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] Chambers (2019) da Sofia &quot;Fia&quot; Baxter a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Showtime Your Honor (2020-2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2024 |title=Lilli Kay: An In-depth Biography of the Rising Star |url=https://papularmagazine.com/lilli-kay/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |publisher=papularmagazine.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma bayyana a karo na biyar na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Neo-Western na Paramount Network ''Yellowstone'' (2022). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2022 |title=Who Plays Clara Brewer On Yellowstone? |url=https://www.looper.com/1105243/who-plays-clara-brewer-on-yellowstone/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |publisher=Looper}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2025 ta bayyana a matsayin &quot;Zero&quot; a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Apple TV+ Stick .

== Ayyuka ==
Kay ta fito a matsayin Fia Baxter a gaban Bryan Cranston da Michael Stuhlbarg a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Showtime Your Honor, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jensen |first=Erin |date=16 January 2023 |title='Your Honor' star Bryan Cranston on Season 2 premiere shocker, 'new possibility of joy' |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/01/16/showtime-your-honor-season-2-premiere-bryan-cranston-reveal-recap/10943975002/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=USA Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya zama jerin na yau da kullun a kakar wasa ta biyu. Ta kuma fito a cikin fim din Paterno da [[Netflix]] jerin Chambers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=August 1, 2022 |title='Your Honor': Jimi Stanton, Lilli Kay &amp; Benjamin Flores Jr. Upped To Series Regulars For Season 2 |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/your-honor-jimi-stanton-lilli-kay-benjamin-flores-jr-promoted-series-regular-season-2-1235079954/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tana da rawar da ake yi akai-akai a matsayin [./List_of_&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id=]Yellowstone_(American_TV_series)_characters&quot; id=&quot;mwNQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;List of Yellowstone (American TV series) characters&quot;&gt;Clara Brewer a Yellowstone a kakar wasa ta biyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Earl |first=William |date=10 January 2023 |title=Yellowstone' Breakout Lilli Kay on Clara's Future Fighting Alongside John Dutton and How Fans Reacted to the Series' First Queer Kiss |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/yellowstone-season-5-clara-lilli-kay-queer-kiss-1235480488/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Variety}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga cikin sumba ta farko da ba ta jima'i ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayon, ta sumbace abokin aikinta na ainihi, Juli Kocemba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Jan 4, 2023 |title='Queer People Love &quot;Yellowstone&quot;': Lilli Kay Rates Reaction to LGBTQ+ Kiss |url=https://www.newsweek.com/queerpeoplelove-yellowstone-lilli-kay-clara-rates-reaction-lgbtq-kiss-1771157 |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Newsweek}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Lynette |date=January 1, 2023 |title=Yellowstone' Actress Lilli Kay Talks About Playing Dutton's Confidante And A &quot;Lesbian On The Range&quot; |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/yellowstone-lilli-kay-clara-brewer-lesbians-on-the-range-1235209609/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kay ta buga Rachelle Horowitz a fim din ''Rustin'' a gaban Colman Domingo, [[Chris Rock]] da Jeffrey Wright . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abrams |first=Bryan |date=December 29, 2023 |title=Best of 2023: &quot;Rustin&quot; Screenwriter Julian Breece on Giving a Legend his Due |url=https://www.motionpictures.org/2023/12/rustin-screenwriter-julian-breece-on-giving-a-legend-his-due-2/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Motionpictures.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya ganinta a fim din indie mai suna The Luckiest Man in America a gaban Paul Walter Hauser . A watan Yunin 2024, an jefa ta a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Apple TV+ na golf mai suna Stick daga Jason Keller, tare da [[Owen Wilson]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=June 24, 2024 |title=Lilli Kay Joins Owen Wilson In Apple Golf Comedy Series |url=https://deadline.com/2024/06/lilli-kay-owen-wilson-apple-golf-comedy-series-cast-1235981614/ |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Har ila yau, mawaƙa ce kuma memba ce ta al'ummar LGBTQA + . A cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Yellowstone'', ta yi aiki tare da mahaifinta Stephen Kay wanda shine darektan kuma babban furodusa a cikin jerin. Mahaifiyarta Piper Perabo ita ma ta yi aiki a cikin jerin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nebens |first=Richard |date=June 4, 2024 |title=Who Is Lilli Kay? 6 Things to Know About Your Honor &amp; Yellowstone Actress |url=https://thedirect.com/article/lilli-kay-your-honor-yellowstone-actress |access-date=September 8, 2024 |website=The Direct}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>pap21h8lzhdh8tikideireo3m78h708</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jaylen Barron</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971108</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:51:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yakubu manya</username>
        <id>45962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369780229|Jaylen Barron]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971108</origin>
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'''Jaylen Barron''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1997) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, wacce aka sani da matsayinta na Dominique Winslow a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Showtime Shameless da Zoe Phillips a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] Free Rein . A cikin 2021, ta fara fitowa a cikin jerin Starz Blindspotting .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Barron a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 1997, a Reno, Nevada . &lt;ref name=&quot;dis411&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crooks |first=Amy |title=Happy Birthday To Jaylen Barron August 31, 2013 |url=http://www.dis411.net/2013/08/31/happy-birthday-to-jaylen-barron-august-31-2013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329234249/http://www.dis411.net/2013/08/31/happy-birthday-to-jaylen-barron-august-31-2013/ |archive-date=March 29, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=Dis411}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barron da iyalinta daga baya suka koma [[Los Angeles]], inda ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVOvermind&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Aiden |date=July 11, 2018 |title=Exclusive Interview with Up and Coming Actress Jaylen Barron |url=https://www.tvovermind.com/exclusive-interview-coming-actress-jaylen-barron/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117150908/https://www.tvovermind.com/exclusive-interview-coming-actress-jaylen-barron/ |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=TVOvermind}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyar Barron ta fito ne daga asalin Mexico, yayin da mahaifinta Ba'amurke ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVOvermind&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Barron ta fara fitowa a talabijin a shekarar 2012, ta bayyana a cikin Bones da Shake It Up . &lt;ref name=&quot;the360&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Jaylen Barron |url=https://the360mag.com/jaylen-barron/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130055112/https://the360mag.com/jaylen-barron/ |archive-date=January 30, 2019 |access-date=January 29, 2019 |website=360 MAGAZINE |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da taka rawa a See Dad Run, Good Luck Charlie da Shameless .  Lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da lokacinta a kan Shameless, ta yi sharhi: &quot;Yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa. Mutane sun kasance masu ban mamaki da basira. Na koyi abubuwa da yawa kuma ina ɗaukar salon saurin aiki a duk lokacin da nake aiki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVOvermind&quot; /&gt;A cikin 2017, an jefa Barron a cikin rawar Zoe Phillips a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] na asali Free Rein .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview: Jaylen Barron on Her Role on the Netflix Series, 'Free Rein' |url=https://glittermagrocks.com/connect/2019/02/13/interview-jaylen-barron-on-her-role-on-the-netflix-series-free-rein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117150848/https://glittermagrocks.com/connect/2019/02/13/interview-jaylen-barron-on-her-role-on-the-netflix-series-free-rein/ |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=Glitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Free Rein |url=https://www.limepictures.com/programmes/scripted/free-rein |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809202813/https://www.limepictures.com/programmes/scripted/free-rein |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=[[Lime Pictures]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cliche&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tatum |first=Erin |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Jaylen Barron takes the reins in &quot;Free Rein&quot; |url=https://www.clichemag.com/celebrity-news/interviews-celebrity-news/jaylen-barron-takes-the-reins-in-free-rein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013059/https://www.clichemag.com/celebrity-news/interviews-celebrity-news/jaylen-barron-takes-the-reins-in-free-rein/ |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |access-date=January 31, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fito a cikin dukkan yanayi uku na jerin, da kuma bayyana a fina-finai biyu na Free Rein.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Penelope |date=February 11, 2019 |title=Hollywood's Up &amp; Coming: Free Rein Star Jaylen Barron |url=https://holrmagazine.com/netflix-free-rein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808211922/https://holrmagazine.com/netflix-free-rein/ |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=Holr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairun 2021, Barron ya bayyana a cikin wani labari na jerin [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] ''9-1-1''. Daga baya a cikin 2021, ta fito a cikin jerin Starz Blindspotting, sauyawar talabijin na Fim din 2018 na wannan sunan. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable unsortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
|2012
|''Ƙashin ƙasusuwa''
|Ashley Otton
|Fim: &quot;Bump a cikin Hanyar&quot;
|-
|2012
|''Ka girgiza shi''
|Melanie
|Fim: &quot;Ku yi zanga-zanga&quot;
|-
|2012–2013
|''Dubi Dad Run''
|Maryamu
|Abubuwa 8
|-
|2013–2014
|''Sa'a Mai Kyau Charlie''
|Lauren Dabney
|Abubuwa 5
|-
|2016
|''Rashin kunya''
|Dominique Winslow
|Matsayin da ake yi akai-akai
|-
|2016, 2019
|''Wadanda Ba Za Ta Iya Ba''
|Tina
|Abubuwa 2
|-
|2017
|''Fashewar Jones''
|Jenny Jones
|1 fitowar
|-
|2017–2019
|''Sarautar 'Yanci''
|Zoe Phillips
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|-
|2018
|''Dare tare da Platanito''
|Shi da kansa
|Baƙo; 1 episode
|-
|2018
|''Free Rein: Makwabta 12 na Kirsimeti''
|Zoe Phillips
|Fim din [[Netflix]]
|-
|2019
|''Free Rein: Ranar soyayya''
|Zoe Phillips
|Fim din Netflix
|-
|2019
|''Goma sha biyu Har abada''
|Esther (murya) 
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|-
|2021
|''9-1-1''
|Katie
|Fim: &quot;Kawai Tare&quot;
|-
|2021–2023
|''Rashin gani''
|Abin farin ciki
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|-
|2024
|''Aaron Hernandez: Labarin Wasanni na Amurka''
|Shayanna Jenkins
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971110</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:51:45Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="5682" sha1="bgpbnp0ddo5ay2fudkhzwdilkpoipe5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Jaylen Barron''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1997) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, wacce aka sani da matsayinta na Dominique Winslow a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Showtime Shameless da Zoe Phillips a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] Free Rein . A cikin 2021, ta fara fitowa a cikin jerin Starz Blindspotting .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Barron a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 1997, a Reno, Nevada . &lt;ref name=&quot;dis411&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Crooks |first=Amy |title=Happy Birthday To Jaylen Barron August 31, 2013 |url=http://www.dis411.net/2013/08/31/happy-birthday-to-jaylen-barron-august-31-2013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329234249/http://www.dis411.net/2013/08/31/happy-birthday-to-jaylen-barron-august-31-2013/ |archive-date=March 29, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=Dis411}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barron da iyalinta daga baya suka koma [[Los Angeles]], inda ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVOvermind&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Aiden |date=July 11, 2018 |title=Exclusive Interview with Up and Coming Actress Jaylen Barron |url=https://www.tvovermind.com/exclusive-interview-coming-actress-jaylen-barron/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117150908/https://www.tvovermind.com/exclusive-interview-coming-actress-jaylen-barron/ |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=TVOvermind}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyar Barron ta fito ne daga asalin Mexico, yayin da mahaifinta Ba'amurke ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVOvermind&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Barron ta fara fitowa a talabijin a shekarar 2012, ta bayyana a cikin Bones da Shake It Up . &lt;ref name=&quot;the360&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Jaylen Barron |url=https://the360mag.com/jaylen-barron/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130055112/https://the360mag.com/jaylen-barron/ |archive-date=January 30, 2019 |access-date=January 29, 2019 |website=360 MAGAZINE |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da taka rawa a See Dad Run, Good Luck Charlie da Shameless .  Lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da lokacinta a kan Shameless, ta yi sharhi: &quot;Yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa. Mutane sun kasance masu ban mamaki da basira. Na koyi abubuwa da yawa kuma ina ɗaukar salon saurin aiki a duk lokacin da nake aiki&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVOvermind&quot; /&gt;A cikin 2017, an jefa Barron a cikin rawar Zoe Phillips a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] na asali Free Rein .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview: Jaylen Barron on Her Role on the Netflix Series, 'Free Rein' |url=https://glittermagrocks.com/connect/2019/02/13/interview-jaylen-barron-on-her-role-on-the-netflix-series-free-rein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117150848/https://glittermagrocks.com/connect/2019/02/13/interview-jaylen-barron-on-her-role-on-the-netflix-series-free-rein/ |archive-date=January 17, 2021 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=Glitter}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Free Rein |url=https://www.limepictures.com/programmes/scripted/free-rein |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809202813/https://www.limepictures.com/programmes/scripted/free-rein |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=[[Lime Pictures]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cliche&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tatum |first=Erin |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Jaylen Barron takes the reins in &quot;Free Rein&quot; |url=https://www.clichemag.com/celebrity-news/interviews-celebrity-news/jaylen-barron-takes-the-reins-in-free-rein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013059/https://www.clichemag.com/celebrity-news/interviews-celebrity-news/jaylen-barron-takes-the-reins-in-free-rein/ |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |access-date=January 31, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fito a cikin dukkan yanayi uku na jerin, da kuma bayyana a fina-finai biyu na Free Rein.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Penelope |date=February 11, 2019 |title=Hollywood's Up &amp; Coming: Free Rein Star Jaylen Barron |url=https://holrmagazine.com/netflix-free-rein/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808211922/https://holrmagazine.com/netflix-free-rein/ |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |access-date=April 18, 2020 |website=Holr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairun 2021, Barron ya bayyana a cikin wani labari na jerin [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] ''9-1-1''. Daga baya a cikin 2021, ta fito a cikin jerin Starz Blindspotting, sauyawar talabijin na Fim din 2018 na wannan sunan. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable unsortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
|2012
|''Ƙashin ƙasusuwa''
|Ashley Otton
|Fim: &quot;Bump a cikin Hanyar&quot;
|-
|2012
|''Ka girgiza shi''
|Melanie
|Fim: &quot;Ku yi zanga-zanga&quot;
|-
|2012–2013
|''Dubi Dad Run''
|Maryamu
|Abubuwa 8
|-
|2013–2014
|''Sa'a Mai Kyau Charlie''
|Lauren Dabney
|Abubuwa 5
|-
|2016
|''Rashin kunya''
|Dominique Winslow
|Matsayin da ake yi akai-akai
|-
|2016, 2019
|''Wadanda Ba Za Ta Iya Ba''
|Tina
|Abubuwa 2
|-
|2017
|''Fashewar Jones''
|Jenny Jones
|1 fitowar
|-
|2017–2019
|''Sarautar 'Yanci''
|Zoe Phillips
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|-
|2018
|''Dare tare da Platanito''
|Shi da kansa
|Baƙo; 1 episode
|-
|2018
|''Free Rein: Makwabta 12 na Kirsimeti''
|Zoe Phillips
|Fim din [[Netflix]]
|-
|2019
|''Free Rein: Ranar soyayya''
|Zoe Phillips
|Fim din Netflix
|-
|2019
|''Goma sha biyu Har abada''
|Esther (murya) 
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|-
|2021
|''9-1-1''
|Katie
|Fim: &quot;Kawai Tare&quot;
|-
|2021–2023
|''Rashin gani''
|Abin farin ciki
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|-
|2024
|''Aaron Hernandez: Labarin Wasanni na Amurka''
|Shayanna Jenkins
|Babban rawar da take takawa
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]]</text>
      <sha1>bgpbnp0ddo5ay2fudkhzwdilkpoipe5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ƙungiyar Marubutan Wasanni ta Najeriya a Gombe (SWAN Gombe</title>
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    <id>179917</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971111</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:53:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = Sports Writers Association of Nigeria, Gombe State Chapter | abbreviation = SWAN Gombe | formation = | type = Professional association | purpose = Sports journalism and sports development | headquarters = Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria | region_served = Gombe State | parent_organization = Sports Writers Association of Nigeria | leader_title = State Chairman | leader_name = Mark Nuhu Malele }}  '''Ƙungiyar Marubutan Wasanni ta Najeriya a Jihar Gombe...</comment>
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      <text bytes="8013" sha1="ollp79ypce52atm1p6ewlygnbxdca57" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox organization
| name = Sports Writers Association of Nigeria, Gombe State Chapter
| abbreviation = SWAN Gombe
| formation =
| type = Professional association
| purpose = Sports journalism and sports development
| headquarters = Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| region_served = Gombe State
| parent_organization = Sports Writers Association of Nigeria
| leader_title = State Chairman
| leader_name = Mark Nuhu Malele
}}

'''Ƙungiyar Marubutan Wasanni ta Najeriya a Jihar Gombe''' |Sports Writers Association of Nigeria, Gombe State Chapter}}, SWAN Gombe) reshe ce ta Ƙungiyar Marubutan Wasanni ta Najeriya, wadda ke haɗa ’yan jarida da ke rubuta labarai da shirye-shiryen wasanni a Jihar Gombe. Mambobinta suna aiki a kafafen yaɗa labarai daban-daban, ciki har da jaridu, rediyo da kafafen intanet, domin isar da rahotannin wasanni da kuma tallafa wa bunƙasar wasanni a jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=New SWAN Executive Inaugurated In Gombe State |url=https://independent.ng/new-swan-executive-inaugurated-in-gombe-state/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=21 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

SWAN Gombe reshe ce ta ƙasa-ƙasa ta ƙungiyar SWAN, wadda ke wakiltar ƙwararrun ’yan jaridan wasanni a Najeriya. A Jihar Gombe, ƙungiyar tana aiki tare da masu gudanar da wasanni, ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da ma’aikatar da ke kula da wasanni domin yaɗa labaran wasanni da kuma ƙarfafa hulɗa tsakanin ’yan jarida da masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar wasanni. Rahotannin ayyukanta sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da gudanar da taruka da zaɓukan shugabanci domin tsara ayyukanta. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe Commissioner to SWAN: We'll use sports to address youth restiveness |url=https://www.newsmart.com.ng/2024/07/gombe-commissioner-to-swan-well-use.html |work=Newsmart Nigeria |date=8 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2024, an rantsar da sabon kwamitin gudanarwa na SWAN Gombe bayan gudanar da zaɓen shugabanci cikin lumana. Mark Malele, shugaban kamfanin jaridar Jewel Sports, ya zama shugaban reshen jihar, yayin da William Attah na jaridar Daily Independent ya zama sakatare. Sauran shugabannin da aka rantsar sun haɗa da Esther Lakama ta Amana FM a matsayin mai kula da kuɗi da Rabilu Abubakar na Aminiya/Daily Trust a matsayin ma’aji. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=New SWAN Executive Inaugurated In Gombe State |url=https://independent.ng/new-swan-executive-inaugurated-in-gombe-state/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=21 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan SWAN Gombe shi ne bayar da rahotannin wasanni da tallata gasanni da shirye-shiryen wasanni a jihar. Ƙungiyar tana aiki tare da hukumomin wasanni da ƙungiyoyin wasanni domin ƙara wa jama’a sani game da wasannin da ake gudanarwa a matakin jiha da na ƙananan hukumomi. A watan Yulin 2024, kwamishinan matasa da bunƙasa wasanni na jihar, Adamu Inuwa Pantami, ya bayyana aniyar ma’aikatarsa ta yin aiki tare da SWAN wajen tallata wasannin da ake gudanarwa, musamman a matakin tushe. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe Commissioner to SWAN: We'll use sports to address youth restiveness |url=https://www.newsmart.com.ng/2024/07/gombe-commissioner-to-swan-well-use.html |work=Newsmart Nigeria |date=8 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

SWAN Gombe tana kuma ƙoƙarin inganta ƙwarewar mambobinta ta hanyar horarwa da tattaunawa kan sauye-sauyen aikin jarida. A ranar 25 ga Satumba 2025, reshen jihar ya shirya taron bita na yini ɗaya mai taken “Shaping the Future Together”. Taron ya mayar da hankali kan makomar aikin jaridar wasanni a Gombe, ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta, da yadda za a rubuta labaran wasanni masu zurfi fiye da sakamakon wasa kawai. Rahoton ya ce an horar da mambobi da sauran masu sha’awar aikin jarida fiye da goma sha biyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SWAN Gombe Chapter Holds Strategic Workshop For Members |url=https://independent.ng/swan-gombe-chapter-holds-strategic-workshop-for-members/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hulɗa da hukumomin wasanni ==

Ƙungiyar tana hulɗa da Ma’aikatar Matasa da Bunƙasa Wasanni ta Jihar Gombe, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta jihar da sauran masu gudanar da wasanni. Wannan hulɗa tana da muhimmanci wajen samun sahihan bayanai, tallata gasanni da kuma wayar da kan jama’a game da shirye-shiryen wasanni. A shekarar 2024, shugaban Hukumar Kwallon Ƙafa ta Jihar Gombe, Yakubu Sarma, ya jaddada muhimmancin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu gudanar da wasanni da ’yan jaridan wasanni domin bunƙasa wasanni da ƙarfafa amincewa tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SWAN Gombe Chapter Holds Strategic Workshop For Members |url=https://independent.ng/swan-gombe-chapter-holds-strategic-workshop-for-members/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Afrilun 2024, Darakta-Janar na harkokin yaɗa labaran gwamnan Jihar Gombe, Ismaila Uba Misilli, ya ziyarci hedikwatar ƙungiyar SWAN ta ƙasa domin tattauna haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da ƙungiyar. A yayin ziyarar, ya bayyana aniyar gwamnatin jihar ta ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar wajen bunƙasa wasanni da inganta jin daɗin ƙwararrun ’yan jaridan wasanni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe Press Affairs DG at national secretariat, parleys SWAN President, seeks robust media partnership |url=https://blueprint.ng/gombe-press-affairs-dg-at-national-secretariat-parleys-swan-president-seeks-robust-media-partnership/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=3 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Horarwa da ƙwarewar aikin jarida ==

Tare da sauye-sauyen fasahar sadarwa, aikin jaridar wasanni ya ƙunshi rubuce-rubuce a intanet, watsa shirye-shirye ta rediyo da talabijin, da amfani da hanyoyin sadarwar zamani. Taron bitar da SWAN Gombe ta shirya a shekarar 2025 ya tattauna yadda mambobi za su inganta labaransu da kuma fahimtar damar da ke akwai a aikin jaridar wasanni. An kuma jaddada buƙatar haɗin gwiwa, ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da haɗa mutane masu bambancin ƙwarewa a harkar wasanni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SWAN Gombe Chapter Holds Strategic Workshop For Members |url=https://independent.ng/swan-gombe-chapter-holds-strategic-workshop-for-members/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shugabanci ==

A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2024, an rantsar da Mark Malele a matsayin shugaban SWAN Gombe bayan zaɓen reshen jihar. A watan Satumba na shekarar 2025, rahoton taron bitar ƙungiyar ya kuma ambaci Mark Nuhu Mabudi a matsayin shugaban reshen jihar. Saboda bambancin sunayen da rahotannin suka yi amfani da su, ya kamata a tabbatar da sunan shugaban da ke kan mulki a yanzu ta hanyar sanarwar hukuma ta SWAN kafin a sabunta wannan sashe. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=New SWAN Executive Inaugurated In Gombe State |url=https://independent.ng/new-swan-executive-inaugurated-in-gombe-state/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=21 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SWAN Gombe Chapter Holds Strategic Workshop For Members |url=https://independent.ng/swan-gombe-chapter-holds-strategic-workshop-for-members/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin ƙungiyar ==

SWAN Gombe tana da muhimmanci wajen isar da labaran wasanni ga jama’a da kuma tallafa wa ci gaban wasanni a Jihar Gombe. Ta hanyar rahotanni, hirarraki, nazari da horar da mambobi, ƙungiyar na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara ganin ƙwazon ’yan wasa, tallata gasa da kuma ƙarfafa hulɗa tsakanin ’yan jarida, hukumomin wasanni da al’umma. Duk da haka, tantance tasirin ƙungiyar na dogon lokaci yana buƙatar ƙarin bayanai kan ayyukanta, yawan mambobinta da nasarorin da aka samu. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=SWAN Gombe Chapter Holds Strategic Workshop For Members |url=https://independent.ng/swan-gombe-chapter-holds-strategic-workshop-for-members/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Sports Writers Association of Nigeria]]
* [[Gombe United F.C.]]
* [[Doma United F.C.]]
* [[Jihar Gombe]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alberto Marini</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361047015|Alberto Marini]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Alberto &quot;Beto&quot; Marini''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) marubucin fim ne kuma furodusa na Italiya wanda ke zaune a Spain.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alberto Marini a [[Torino|Turin]] a shekara ta 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot; /&gt; Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a, &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arenas |first=Paula |date=5 October 2011 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Quería dar rienda suelta a esa envidia que todos tenemos reprimida&quot; |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1178445/0/entrevista/alberto-marini/guionista-mientras-duermes/ |website=[[20minutos.es]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da ƙwarewa a fannin dokar bidiyo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya kasance a [[Barcelona]] tun 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=García |first=Julián |date=11 June 2016 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Nada, salvo la Juve y mi familia, me hace sentir como el cine de terror&quot; |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20160611/entrevista-alberto-marini-summer-camp-terror-juventus-5196474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga Filmax a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashen ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=Filmax refuerza sus equipos de Marketing, Desarrollo y Contenidos y Producción |url=https://www.cineytele.com/2009/10/29/Filmax-refuerza-sus-equipos-de-Marketing-Desarrollo-y-Contenidos-y-Produccion/ |website=Cine y Tele}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru 11 a kamfanin (aiki a ci gaba, samarwa da / ko rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai), ya bar mukamin darektan samarwa don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan &quot;mafi yawa&quot; ta hanyar kirkirar kamfaninsa na samar da Rebelión Terrestre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Chris |date=20 October 2010 |title=Alberto Marini leaves production director post at Filmax |url=https://www.screendaily.com/-alberto-marini-leaves-production-director-post-at-filmax/5019578.article |website=[[ScreenDaily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce a cikin fim din 2015 Retribution ya ba shi gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot; /&gt; Ya fara zama darektan fim din tare da fim mai ban tsoro Summer Camp . 

Ayyukan fim dinsa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''Romasanta'' (2004), Sleep Tight (2011), Extinction (2015),  Your Son (2018),  da ''Fatum'' (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boquerini |date=10 May 2022 |title='Fatum', un atraco con salud, dinero y amor perpetrado por Tosar |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/fatum-atraco-salud-20220510191358-ntrc.html |website=[[El Correo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne co-haliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin La unidad, kuma co-rubuce labarin Paco Plaza &quot;Freddy&quot; daga ''Labaran da za a zauna farka''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marín Bellón |first=Federico |date=19 July 2021 |title=«El terror entra en casa» de 'La Unidad', que rueda la segunda temporada |url=https://www.abc.es/play/series/noticias/abci-terror-entra-casa-unidad-rueda-segunda-temporada-202107190006_noticia.html |website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Fausto |date=5 November 2021 |title='Historias para no dormir': cuatro pasos en el delirio |url=https://www.fotogramas.es/series-tv-noticias/g38170269/historias-para-no-dormir-amazon-prime-video-entrevistas/ |website=[[Fotogramas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saita shi don daidaita El italiano na Arturo Pérez Reverte a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=11 July 2022 |title=Cattleya's Spanish Unit Set to Adapt Bestselling Thriller 'El Italiano' as High-End Series |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/el-italiano-series-cattleya-spain-1235313285/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971114</id>
      <parentid>971113</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:56:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
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'''Alberto &quot;Beto&quot; Marini''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) marubucin fim ne kuma furodusa na Italiya wanda ke zaune a Spain.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alberto Marini a [[Torino|Turin]] a shekara ta 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot; /&gt; Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a, &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arenas |first=Paula |date=5 October 2011 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Quería dar rienda suelta a esa envidia que todos tenemos reprimida&quot; |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1178445/0/entrevista/alberto-marini/guionista-mientras-duermes/ |website=[[20minutos.es]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da ƙwarewa a fannin dokar bidiyo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya kasance a [[Barcelona]] tun 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=García |first=Julián |date=11 June 2016 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Nada, salvo la Juve y mi familia, me hace sentir como el cine de terror&quot; |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20160611/entrevista-alberto-marini-summer-camp-terror-juventus-5196474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga Filmax a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashen ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=Filmax refuerza sus equipos de Marketing, Desarrollo y Contenidos y Producción |url=https://www.cineytele.com/2009/10/29/Filmax-refuerza-sus-equipos-de-Marketing-Desarrollo-y-Contenidos-y-Produccion/ |website=Cine y Tele}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru 11 a kamfanin (aiki a ci gaba, samarwa da / ko rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai), ya bar mukamin darektan samarwa don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan &quot;mafi yawa&quot; ta hanyar kirkirar kamfaninsa na samar da Rebelión Terrestre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Chris |date=20 October 2010 |title=Alberto Marini leaves production director post at Filmax |url=https://www.screendaily.com/-alberto-marini-leaves-production-director-post-at-filmax/5019578.article |website=[[ScreenDaily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce a cikin fim din 2015 Retribution ya ba shi gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot; /&gt; Ya fara zama darektan fim din tare da fim mai ban tsoro Summer Camp . 

Ayyukan fim dinsa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''Romasanta'' (2004), Sleep Tight (2011), Extinction (2015),  Your Son (2018),  da ''Fatum'' (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boquerini |date=10 May 2022 |title='Fatum', un atraco con salud, dinero y amor perpetrado por Tosar |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/fatum-atraco-salud-20220510191358-ntrc.html |website=[[El Correo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne co-haliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin La unidad, kuma co-rubuce labarin Paco Plaza &quot;Freddy&quot; daga ''Labaran da za a zauna farka''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marín Bellón |first=Federico |date=19 July 2021 |title=«El terror entra en casa» de 'La Unidad', que rueda la segunda temporada |url=https://www.abc.es/play/series/noticias/abci-terror-entra-casa-unidad-rueda-segunda-temporada-202107190006_noticia.html |website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Fausto |date=5 November 2021 |title='Historias para no dormir': cuatro pasos en el delirio |url=https://www.fotogramas.es/series-tv-noticias/g38170269/historias-para-no-dormir-amazon-prime-video-entrevistas/ |website=[[Fotogramas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saita shi don daidaita El italiano na Arturo Pérez Reverte a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=11 July 2022 |title=Cattleya's Spanish Unit Set to Adapt Bestselling Thriller 'El Italiano' as High-End Series |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/el-italiano-series-cattleya-spain-1235313285/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971117</id>
      <parentid>971114</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:58:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyuka */</comment>
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'''Alberto &quot;Beto&quot; Marini''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) marubucin fim ne kuma furodusa na Italiya wanda ke zaune a Spain.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alberto Marini a [[Torino|Turin]] a shekara ta 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot; /&gt; Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a, &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arenas |first=Paula |date=5 October 2011 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Quería dar rienda suelta a esa envidia que todos tenemos reprimida&quot; |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1178445/0/entrevista/alberto-marini/guionista-mientras-duermes/ |website=[[20minutos.es]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da ƙwarewa a fannin dokar bidiyo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya kasance a [[Barcelona]] tun 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=García |first=Julián |date=11 June 2016 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Nada, salvo la Juve y mi familia, me hace sentir como el cine de terror&quot; |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20160611/entrevista-alberto-marini-summer-camp-terror-juventus-5196474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga Filmax a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashen ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=Filmax refuerza sus equipos de Marketing, Desarrollo y Contenidos y Producción |url=https://www.cineytele.com/2009/10/29/Filmax-refuerza-sus-equipos-de-Marketing-Desarrollo-y-Contenidos-y-Produccion/ |website=Cine y Tele}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru 11 a kamfanin (aiki a ci gaba, samarwa da / ko rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai), ya bar mukamin darektan samarwa don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan &quot;mafi yawa&quot; ta hanyar kirkirar kamfaninsa na samar da Rebelión Terrestre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Chris |date=20 October 2010 |title=Alberto Marini leaves production director post at Filmax |url=https://www.screendaily.com/-alberto-marini-leaves-production-director-post-at-filmax/5019578.article |website=[[ScreenDaily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce a cikin fim din 2015 Retribution ya ba shi gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot; /&gt; Ya fara zama darektan fim din tare da fim mai ban tsoro Summer Camp .&lt;ref name=&quot;belinchon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/06/13/actualidad/1465823393_477259.html|website=[[El País]]|first=Gregorio|last=Belinchón|title=Alberto Marini, de abogado italiano a cineasta de terror en España|date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ayyukan fim dinsa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''Romasanta'' (2004), Sleep Tight (2011), Extinction (2015),  Your Son (2018),  da ''Fatum'' (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boquerini |date=10 May 2022 |title='Fatum', un atraco con salud, dinero y amor perpetrado por Tosar |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/fatum-atraco-salud-20220510191358-ntrc.html |website=[[El Correo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne co-haliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin La unidad, kuma co-rubuce labarin Paco Plaza &quot;Freddy&quot; daga ''Labaran da za a zauna farka''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marín Bellón |first=Federico |date=19 July 2021 |title=«El terror entra en casa» de 'La Unidad', que rueda la segunda temporada |url=https://www.abc.es/play/series/noticias/abci-terror-entra-casa-unidad-rueda-segunda-temporada-202107190006_noticia.html |website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Fausto |date=5 November 2021 |title='Historias para no dormir': cuatro pasos en el delirio |url=https://www.fotogramas.es/series-tv-noticias/g38170269/historias-para-no-dormir-amazon-prime-video-entrevistas/ |website=[[Fotogramas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saita shi don daidaita El italiano na Arturo Pérez Reverte a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=11 July 2022 |title=Cattleya's Spanish Unit Set to Adapt Bestselling Thriller 'El Italiano' as High-End Series |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/el-italiano-series-cattleya-spain-1235313285/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>qorx2o38ahmcufuyp1zwurbtx7vj9h4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971120</id>
      <parentid>971117</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:59:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Godiya gaisuwa */</comment>
      <origin>971120</origin>
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'''Alberto &quot;Beto&quot; Marini''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) marubucin fim ne kuma furodusa na Italiya wanda ke zaune a Spain.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alberto Marini a [[Torino|Turin]] a shekara ta 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot; /&gt; Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a, &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arenas |first=Paula |date=5 October 2011 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Quería dar rienda suelta a esa envidia que todos tenemos reprimida&quot; |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1178445/0/entrevista/alberto-marini/guionista-mientras-duermes/ |website=[[20minutos.es]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da ƙwarewa a fannin dokar bidiyo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya kasance a [[Barcelona]] tun 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=García |first=Julián |date=11 June 2016 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Nada, salvo la Juve y mi familia, me hace sentir como el cine de terror&quot; |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20160611/entrevista-alberto-marini-summer-camp-terror-juventus-5196474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga Filmax a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashen ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=Filmax refuerza sus equipos de Marketing, Desarrollo y Contenidos y Producción |url=https://www.cineytele.com/2009/10/29/Filmax-refuerza-sus-equipos-de-Marketing-Desarrollo-y-Contenidos-y-Produccion/ |website=Cine y Tele}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru 11 a kamfanin (aiki a ci gaba, samarwa da / ko rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai), ya bar mukamin darektan samarwa don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan &quot;mafi yawa&quot; ta hanyar kirkirar kamfaninsa na samar da Rebelión Terrestre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Chris |date=20 October 2010 |title=Alberto Marini leaves production director post at Filmax |url=https://www.screendaily.com/-alberto-marini-leaves-production-director-post-at-filmax/5019578.article |website=[[ScreenDaily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce a cikin fim din 2015 Retribution ya ba shi gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot; /&gt; Ya fara zama darektan fim din tare da fim mai ban tsoro Summer Camp .&lt;ref name=&quot;belinchon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/06/13/actualidad/1465823393_477259.html|website=[[El País]]|first=Gregorio|last=Belinchón|title=Alberto Marini, de abogado italiano a cineasta de terror en España|date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ayyukan fim dinsa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''Romasanta'' (2004), Sleep Tight (2011), Extinction (2015),  Your Son (2018),  da ''Fatum'' (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boquerini |date=10 May 2022 |title='Fatum', un atraco con salud, dinero y amor perpetrado por Tosar |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/fatum-atraco-salud-20220510191358-ntrc.html |website=[[El Correo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne co-haliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin La unidad, kuma co-rubuce labarin Paco Plaza &quot;Freddy&quot; daga ''Labaran da za a zauna farka''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marín Bellón |first=Federico |date=19 July 2021 |title=«El terror entra en casa» de 'La Unidad', que rueda la segunda temporada |url=https://www.abc.es/play/series/noticias/abci-terror-entra-casa-unidad-rueda-segunda-temporada-202107190006_noticia.html |website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Fausto |date=5 November 2021 |title='Historias para no dormir': cuatro pasos en el delirio |url=https://www.fotogramas.es/series-tv-noticias/g38170269/historias-para-no-dormir-amazon-prime-video-entrevistas/ |website=[[Fotogramas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saita shi don daidaita El italiano na Arturo Pérez Reverte a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=11 July 2022 |title=Cattleya's Spanish Unit Set to Adapt Bestselling Thriller 'El Italiano' as High-End Series |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/el-italiano-series-cattleya-spain-1235313285/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
{{Awards table|5}}
|-
| align = &quot;center&quot; | 2012 || [[4th Gaudí Awards]] || Best Screenplay || ''Sleep Tight'' || {{won}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/alberto-marini-aconsegueix-el-premi-gaudi-al-millor-guio-per-mentre-dorms/noticia/1585032/|website=[[Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals]]|date=7 February 2012|title=Alberto Marini aconsegueix el premi Gaudí al millor guió per 'Mentre dorms'}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align = &quot;center&quot; rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | 2016 || [[30th Goya Awards]] || [[Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] || rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | ''Retribution'' || {{nom}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiosgoya.com/pelicula/el-desconocido|access-date=12 July 2022|title=El desconocido|publisher=[[Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España]]|website=[[Goya Awards|premiosgoya.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14th [[Mestre Mateo Awards]] || Best Screenplay || {{won}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.antena3.com/se-estrena/especiales/el-desconocido/desconocido-triunfadora-mestre-mateo-doce-galardones_20160424579930d16584a8b7b43585a2.html|website=[[Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)|Antena 3]]|date=24 April 2016|title='El Desconocido', triunfadora en los Mestre Mateo con doce galardones}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971121</id>
      <parentid>971120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:00:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Godiya gaisuwa */</comment>
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'''Alberto &quot;Beto&quot; Marini''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) marubucin fim ne kuma furodusa na Italiya wanda ke zaune a Spain.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alberto Marini a [[Torino|Turin]] a shekara ta 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot; /&gt; Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a, &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arenas |first=Paula |date=5 October 2011 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Quería dar rienda suelta a esa envidia que todos tenemos reprimida&quot; |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1178445/0/entrevista/alberto-marini/guionista-mientras-duermes/ |website=[[20minutos.es]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da ƙwarewa a fannin dokar bidiyo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya kasance a [[Barcelona]] tun 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=García |first=Julián |date=11 June 2016 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Nada, salvo la Juve y mi familia, me hace sentir como el cine de terror&quot; |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20160611/entrevista-alberto-marini-summer-camp-terror-juventus-5196474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga Filmax a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashen ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=Filmax refuerza sus equipos de Marketing, Desarrollo y Contenidos y Producción |url=https://www.cineytele.com/2009/10/29/Filmax-refuerza-sus-equipos-de-Marketing-Desarrollo-y-Contenidos-y-Produccion/ |website=Cine y Tele}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru 11 a kamfanin (aiki a ci gaba, samarwa da / ko rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai), ya bar mukamin darektan samarwa don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan &quot;mafi yawa&quot; ta hanyar kirkirar kamfaninsa na samar da Rebelión Terrestre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Chris |date=20 October 2010 |title=Alberto Marini leaves production director post at Filmax |url=https://www.screendaily.com/-alberto-marini-leaves-production-director-post-at-filmax/5019578.article |website=[[ScreenDaily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce a cikin fim din 2015 Retribution ya ba shi gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot; /&gt; Ya fara zama darektan fim din tare da fim mai ban tsoro Summer Camp .&lt;ref name=&quot;belinchon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/06/13/actualidad/1465823393_477259.html|website=[[El País]]|first=Gregorio|last=Belinchón|title=Alberto Marini, de abogado italiano a cineasta de terror en España|date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ayyukan fim dinsa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''Romasanta'' (2004), Sleep Tight (2011), Extinction (2015),  Your Son (2018),  da ''Fatum'' (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boquerini |date=10 May 2022 |title='Fatum', un atraco con salud, dinero y amor perpetrado por Tosar |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/fatum-atraco-salud-20220510191358-ntrc.html |website=[[El Correo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne co-haliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin La unidad, kuma co-rubuce labarin Paco Plaza &quot;Freddy&quot; daga ''Labaran da za a zauna farka''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marín Bellón |first=Federico |date=19 July 2021 |title=«El terror entra en casa» de 'La Unidad', que rueda la segunda temporada |url=https://www.abc.es/play/series/noticias/abci-terror-entra-casa-unidad-rueda-segunda-temporada-202107190006_noticia.html |website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Fausto |date=5 November 2021 |title='Historias para no dormir': cuatro pasos en el delirio |url=https://www.fotogramas.es/series-tv-noticias/g38170269/historias-para-no-dormir-amazon-prime-video-entrevistas/ |website=[[Fotogramas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saita shi don daidaita El italiano na Arturo Pérez Reverte a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=11 July 2022 |title=Cattleya's Spanish Unit Set to Adapt Bestselling Thriller 'El Italiano' as High-End Series |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/el-italiano-series-cattleya-spain-1235313285/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
{|
|-
| align = &quot;center&quot; | 2012 || [[4th Gaudí Awards]] || Best Screenplay || ''Sleep Tight'' || {{won}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/alberto-marini-aconsegueix-el-premi-gaudi-al-millor-guio-per-mentre-dorms/noticia/1585032/|website=[[Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals]]|date=7 February 2012|title=Alberto Marini aconsegueix el premi Gaudí al millor guió per 'Mentre dorms'}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align = &quot;center&quot; rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | 2016 || [[30th Goya Awards]] || [[Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] || rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | ''Retribution'' || {{nom}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiosgoya.com/pelicula/el-desconocido|access-date=12 July 2022|title=El desconocido|publisher=[[Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España]]|website=[[Goya Awards|premiosgoya.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14th [[Mestre Mateo Awards]] || Best Screenplay || {{won}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.antena3.com/se-estrena/especiales/el-desconocido/desconocido-triunfadora-mestre-mateo-doce-galardones_20160424579930d16584a8b7b43585a2.html|website=[[Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)|Antena 3]]|date=24 April 2016|title='El Desconocido', triunfadora en los Mestre Mateo con doce galardones}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>l4dwfaw0z3neifjtiivjzm2a1xjnst4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971123</id>
      <parentid>971121</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:01:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A'isha A Ibrahim</username>
        <id>22074</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5385" sha1="09v7vauwr2105mvvmmm35a7t07w731y" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Alberto &quot;Beto&quot; Marini''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972) marubucin fim ne kuma furodusa na Italiya wanda ke zaune a Spain.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Alberto Marini a [[Torino|Turin]] a shekara ta 1972. &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot; /&gt; Ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a, &lt;ref name=&quot;20min&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arenas |first=Paula |date=5 October 2011 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Quería dar rienda suelta a esa envidia que todos tenemos reprimida&quot; |url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1178445/0/entrevista/alberto-marini/guionista-mientras-duermes/ |website=[[20minutos.es]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da ƙwarewa a fannin dokar bidiyo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ya kasance a [[Barcelona]] tun 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=García |first=Julián |date=11 June 2016 |title=Alberto Marini: &quot;Nada, salvo la Juve y mi familia, me hace sentir como el cine de terror&quot; |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20160611/entrevista-alberto-marini-summer-camp-terror-juventus-5196474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya shiga Filmax a matsayin wani ɓangare na sashen ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 October 2009 |title=Filmax refuerza sus equipos de Marketing, Desarrollo y Contenidos y Producción |url=https://www.cineytele.com/2009/10/29/Filmax-refuerza-sus-equipos-de-Marketing-Desarrollo-y-Contenidos-y-Produccion/ |website=Cine y Tele}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, bayan ya yi aiki na shekaru 11 a kamfanin (aiki a ci gaba, samarwa da / ko rubuce-rubuce na fina-finai), ya bar mukamin darektan samarwa don yin aiki a cikin ayyukan &quot;mafi yawa&quot; ta hanyar kirkirar kamfaninsa na samar da Rebelión Terrestre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Chris |date=20 October 2010 |title=Alberto Marini leaves production director post at Filmax |url=https://www.screendaily.com/-alberto-marini-leaves-production-director-post-at-filmax/5019578.article |website=[[ScreenDaily]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce a cikin fim din 2015 Retribution ya ba shi gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi kyawun Hoton asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;elper&quot; /&gt; Ya fara zama darektan fim din tare da fim mai ban tsoro Summer Camp .&lt;ref name=&quot;belinchon&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2016/06/13/actualidad/1465823393_477259.html|website=[[El País]]|first=Gregorio|last=Belinchón|title=Alberto Marini, de abogado italiano a cineasta de terror en España|date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ayyukan fim dinsa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''Romasanta'' (2004), Sleep Tight (2011), Extinction (2015),  Your Son (2018),  da ''Fatum'' (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boquerini |date=10 May 2022 |title='Fatum', un atraco con salud, dinero y amor perpetrado por Tosar |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/fatum-atraco-salud-20220510191358-ntrc.html |website=[[El Correo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, shi ne co-haliccin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin La unidad, kuma co-rubuce labarin Paco Plaza &quot;Freddy&quot; daga ''Labaran da za a zauna farka''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marín Bellón |first=Federico |date=19 July 2021 |title=«El terror entra en casa» de 'La Unidad', que rueda la segunda temporada |url=https://www.abc.es/play/series/noticias/abci-terror-entra-casa-unidad-rueda-segunda-temporada-202107190006_noticia.html |website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernández |first=Fausto |date=5 November 2021 |title='Historias para no dormir': cuatro pasos en el delirio |url=https://www.fotogramas.es/series-tv-noticias/g38170269/historias-para-no-dormir-amazon-prime-video-entrevistas/ |website=[[Fotogramas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An saita shi don daidaita El italiano na Arturo Pérez Reverte a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vivarelli |first=Nick |date=11 July 2022 |title=Cattleya's Spanish Unit Set to Adapt Bestselling Thriller 'El Italiano' as High-End Series |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/el-italiano-series-cattleya-spain-1235313285/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Godiya gaisuwa ==
{|
|-
| align = &quot;center&quot; | 2012 || [[4th Gaudí Awards]] || Best Screenplay || ''Sleep Tight'' || {{won}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/alberto-marini-aconsegueix-el-premi-gaudi-al-millor-guio-per-mentre-dorms/noticia/1585032/|website=[[Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals]]|date=7 February 2012|title=Alberto Marini aconsegueix el premi Gaudí al millor guió per 'Mentre dorms'}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align = &quot;center&quot; rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | 2016 || [[30th Goya Awards]] || [[Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] || rowspan = &quot;2&quot; | ''Retribution'' || {{nom}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiosgoya.com/pelicula/el-desconocido|access-date=12 July 2022|title=El desconocido|publisher=[[Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas de España]]|website=[[Goya Awards|premiosgoya.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 14th [[Mestre Mateo Awards]] || Best Screenplay || {{won}} || align = &quot;center&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.antena3.com/se-estrena/especiales/el-desconocido/desconocido-triunfadora-mestre-mateo-doce-galardones_20160424579930d16584a8b7b43585a2.html|website=[[Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)|Antena 3]]|date=24 April 2016|title='El Desconocido', triunfadora en los Mestre Mateo con doce galardones}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>09v7vauwr2105mvvmmm35a7t07w731y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ilimi da cibiyoyin bincike a jihar gombe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179919</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971115</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:57:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox | name = Ilimi da cibiyoyin bincike a Jihar Gombe | image = | caption = | country = Najeriya | state = Jihar Gombe | language = Hausa, Turanci da sauran harsunan al'umma | type = Ilimi da bincike | established = }}  '''Ilimi da cibiyoyin bincike a Jihar Gombe''' sun ƙunshi makarantun firamare da sakandare, jami'o'i, kwalejojin ilimi, makarantun koyon sana'o'i da sauran cibiyoyin da ke bayar da ilimin gaba da sakandare. Jihar tana da cibiyoyin ilimi mallakar gwamnatin...</comment>
      <origin>971115</origin>
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      <text bytes="9079" sha1="1r99df703ty64jba3f9n1kw0t8ovkz4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| name = Ilimi da cibiyoyin bincike a Jihar Gombe
| image =
| caption =
| country = Najeriya
| state = Jihar Gombe
| language = Hausa, Turanci da sauran harsunan al'umma
| type = Ilimi da bincike
| established =
}}

'''Ilimi da cibiyoyin bincike a Jihar Gombe''' sun ƙunshi makarantun firamare da sakandare, jami'o'i, kwalejojin ilimi, makarantun koyon sana'o'i da sauran cibiyoyin da ke bayar da ilimin gaba da sakandare. Jihar tana da cibiyoyin ilimi mallakar gwamnatin tarayya, gwamnatin jiha da masu zaman kansu. Daga cikinsu akwai Jami'ar Jihar Gombe, Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe, da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Billiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State |url=https://nucis.ng/states/gombe-state/ |website=NUCIS |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges/Index |website=National Commission for Colleges of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin bunƙasar ilimi ==

Bunƙasar ilimi a Jihar Gombe ta haɗa da kafa makarantun firamare da sakandare, da kuma ƙara yawan cibiyoyin da ke bayar da ilimin jami'a da koyon sana'o'i. A lokacin mulkin Gwamna Ibrahim Dankwambo, gwamnatin jihar ta kafa kwamitoci domin tsara kafa ƙarin cibiyoyin ilimi mai zurfi, ciki har da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe da wasu cibiyoyin koyon sana'o'i da gudanarwa. An bayyana manufar shirin a matsayin faɗaɗa damar samun ilimi da samar da ƙwararrun ma'aikata da za su taimaka wajen ci gaban jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe moves to establish five tertiary institutions |url=https://nggovernorsforum.org/index.php/media-and-news/press-release/73-featured-news/729-gombe-moves-to-establish-five-tertiary-institutions |work=Nigeria Governors' Forum |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, gwamnati ta ci gaba da tallafa wa ilimi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen inganta gine-ginen makarantu, samar da tallafi da kuma ƙarfafa cibiyoyin ilimi mai zurfi. A watan Agustan 2026, an ruwaito cewa gwamnatin jihar ta amince da sama da naira miliyan 530 domin ayyukan da suka shafi ilimi, tallafa wa Jami'ar Jihar Gombe da sauran ayyukan ci gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe approves N530m for education, GSU, market relocation |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/08/gombe-approves-n530m-for-education-gsu-market-relocation/ |work=Vanguard |date=19 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jami'o'i ==

Jihar Gombe tana da jami'o'i mallakar gwamnati, gwamnatin tarayya da masu zaman kansu. Jami'ar Jihar Gombe tana cikin birnin Gombe, yayin da Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere take a Kashere, cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko. Haka kuma, akwai tsohuwar Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Gombe da aka kafa a Kumo a shekarar 2017, wadda daga baya aka farfaɗo da ita ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Lincoln University College ta Malaysia. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State |url=https://nucis.ng/states/gombe-state/ |website=NUCIS |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe gets first foreign university |url=https://guardian.ng/education/gombe-gets-first-foreign-university/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=13 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga jami'o'in gwamnati, akwai Pen Resource University, wata jami'a mai zaman kanta da ke Gombe. Kasancewar cibiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin mallaka daban-daban na taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa zaɓin karatu ga ɗalibai, musamman a fannonin kimiyya, fasaha, gudanarwa da sauran fannoni na ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State |url=https://nucis.ng/states/gombe-state/ |website=NUCIS |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwalejojin ilimi ==

Kwalejojin ilimi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen horar da malamai da bunƙasa ilimin koyarwa a jihar. Daga cikin cibiyoyin da ke wannan rukuni akwai College of Education, Billiri; Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe; Gombe State College of Education and Legal Studies, Nafada; da wasu kwalejojin ilimi masu zaman kansu. Hukumar Kula da Kwalejojin Ilimi ta Ƙasa ce ke kula da amincewa da shirye-shiryen kwalejojin ilimi a Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges/Index |website=National Commission for Colleges of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwalejojin ilimi suna bayar da horo ga waɗanda ke son zama malamai a makarantun firamare da sakandare, tare da wasu shirye-shiryen koyon sana'o'i da ƙwarewar aiki. Samuwar irin waɗannan cibiyoyi a Billiri, Gombe da Nafada na taimakawa wajen samar da damar samun horon koyarwa a sassa daban-daban na jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges/Index |website=National Commission for Colleges of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwalejojin fasaha da koyon sana'o'i ==

Jihar Gombe tana da cibiyoyin koyon sana'o'i da fasaha, ciki har da Gombe State Polytechnic da ke Bajoga, Federal Polytechnic da ke Kaltungo, da Federal College of Horticulture da ke Dadin Kowa. Waɗannan cibiyoyi suna taimaka wa ɗalibai wajen samun ƙwarewar aiki a fannonin fasaha, kasuwanci, aikin gona da sauran sana'o'i. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State |url=https://nucis.ng/states/gombe-state/ |website=NUCIS |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwalejojin koyon sana'o'i suna da muhimmanci wajen samar da ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa da kuma taimaka wa matasa su samu damar dogaro da kansu. Shirye-shiryen fasaha da aikin gona na iya taimakawa wajen bunƙasa ƙananan masana'antu, samar da kayayyaki da inganta hanyoyin samar da abinci a jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State |url=https://nucis.ng/states/gombe-state/ |website=NUCIS |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cibiyoyin bincike ==

Bincike yana taimakawa wajen samar da sabbin ilimi, gano hanyoyin magance matsalolin al'umma da inganta ayyukan tattalin arziki. A Jihar Gombe, jami'o'i da kwalejojin da ke da shirye-shiryen kimiyya, aikin gona, lafiya da fasaha suna da damar gudanar da bincike a fannonin da suka shafi noma, muhalli, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Sai dai ana buƙatar majiyoyi na musamman domin tantance sunaye, ayyuka da nasarorin kowace cibiyar bincike da ke jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State |url=https://nucis.ng/states/gombe-state/ |website=NUCIS |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi na iya haɗa kai da hukumomin gwamnati, masana'antu da al'ummomin yankin domin gudanar da binciken da zai taimaka wajen magance matsalolin da suka shafi amfanin gona, ƙarancin ruwa, kiwon lafiya da samar da ayyukan yi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a bayyana takamaiman ayyukan bincike ne kawai idan akwai rahotanni ko wallafe-wallafen da suka tabbatar da su. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Gombe State Government |url=https://www.gombestate.gov.ng/ |website=Gombe State Government |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalubalen ilimi ==

Duk da yawaitar cibiyoyin ilimi a jihar, samar da isassun kayan aiki, biyan bukatun ma'aikata, inganta gine-ginen makarantu da tabbatar da dorewar kuɗaɗen gudanarwa na daga cikin batutuwan da ke buƙatar kulawa. A watan Oktoban 2026, jaridar Punch ta ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar ma'aikatan cibiyoyin ilimi mai zurfi na jihar ta fara yajin aiki marar ƙayyadadden lokaci bayan rashin warware wasu buƙatun ma'aikata da suka shafi jin daɗinsu da albashi. Rahoton ya ce cibiyoyi huɗu ne abin ya shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe tertiary institutions begin indefinite strike over unpaid demands |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-tertiary-institutions-begin-indefinite-strike-over-unpaid-demands/ |work=Punch |date=20 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Samar da ingantaccen ilimi yana buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati, shugabannin makarantu, malamai, ɗalibai da al'umma. Ƙarfafa horar da malamai, samar da kayan koyarwa da bincike, da tabbatar da isasshen tallafin kuɗi na iya taimakawa wajen inganta ingancin ilimi a jihar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe approves N530m for education, GSU, market relocation |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/08/gombe-approves-n530m-for-education-gsu-market-relocation/ |work=Vanguard |date=19 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin ilimi ga ci gaban jihar ==

Ilimi yana taimakawa wajen samar da ƙwararrun ma'aikata, ƙarfafa ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da kuma inganta rayuwar al'umma. Jami'o'i, kwalejojin ilimi da cibiyoyin fasaha a Jihar Gombe suna ba matasa damar samun ilimin da zai taimaka musu wajen shiga kasuwar aiki ko kafa sana'o'insu. Haka kuma, bincike da haɗin gwiwar cibiyoyin ilimi da masana'antu na iya taimakawa wajen gano hanyoyin magance matsalolin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gombe moves to establish five tertiary institutions |url=https://nggovernorsforum.org/index.php/media-and-news/press-release/73-featured-news/729-gombe-moves-to-establish-five-tertiary-institutions |work=Nigeria Governors' Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]]
* [[Gombe State Polytechnic]]
* [[Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe]]
* [[Lincoln University Kumo]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>1r99df703ty64jba3f9n1kw0t8ovkz4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>General Electric</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179920</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971116</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:57:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-57063-27</username>
        <id>50399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{databox}} '''General Electric''' ('''GE''') wani kamfani ne na [[Amurka]] da ke da alaƙa da manyan ƙasashe. Ya taka rawa wajen haɓaka wutar lantarki, hasken lantarki, kayan aikin gida, jiragen sama, da kuma hoton likita. An kafa GE a shekarar 1892 {{Stub}}  ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:General Electric}} [[Category:Kamfanoni]]</comment>
      <origin>971116</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="332" sha1="dv6xb05nkw1v9b3ztxw8dcarmknq81d" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''General Electric''' ('''GE''') wani kamfani ne na [[Amurka]] da ke da alaƙa da manyan ƙasashe. Ya taka rawa wajen haɓaka wutar lantarki, hasken lantarki, kayan aikin gida, jiragen sama, da kuma hoton likita. An kafa GE a shekarar 1892 {{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:General Electric}}
[[Category:Kamfanoni]]</text>
      <sha1>dv6xb05nkw1v9b3ztxw8dcarmknq81d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971118</id>
      <parentid>971116</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:59:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-57063-27</username>
        <id>50399</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971118</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="319" sha1="fjwnlqxj6wfjl9k74y8ghjon5l5kwsr" xml:space="preserve">'''General Electric''' ('''GE''') wani kamfani ne na [[Amurka]] da ke da alaƙa da manyan ƙasashe. Ya taka rawa wajen haɓaka wutar lantarki, hasken lantarki, kayan aikin gida, jiragen sama, da kuma hoton likita. An kafa GE a shekarar 1892{{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:General Electric}}
[[Category:Kamfanoni]]</text>
      <sha1>fjwnlqxj6wfjl9k74y8ghjon5l5kwsr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971135</id>
      <parentid>971118</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T20:25:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-56903-74</username>
        <id>50401</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ƙara General Electric a cikin harshen Hausa.</comment>
      <origin>971135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="339" sha1="cr2dlnimjfmrvxulr61v713j58v8iej" xml:space="preserve">{{databox|General}}
'''General Electric''' ('''GE''') wani kamfani ne na [[Amurka]] da ke da alaƙa da manyan ƙasashe. Ya taka rawa wajen haɓaka wutar lantarki, hasken lantarki, kayan aikin gida, jiragen sama, da kuma hoton likita. An kafa GE a shekarar 1892{{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:General Electric}}
[[Category:Kamfanoni]]</text>
      <sha1>cr2dlnimjfmrvxulr61v713j58v8iej</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971197</id>
      <parentid>971135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T22:42:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-56868-51</username>
        <id>50408</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="332" sha1="p0j22phb4mpzo6snozl7e7d4s0nfq8q" xml:space="preserve">{{databox|}}
'''General Electric''' ('''GE''') wani kamfani ne na [[Amurka]] da ke da alaƙa da manyan ƙasashe. Ya taka rawa wajen haɓaka wutar lantarki, hasken lantarki, kayan aikin gida, jiragen sama, da kuma hoton likita. An kafa GE a shekarar 1892{{Stub}}

==Manazarta==
{{DEFAULTSORT:General Electric}}
[[Category:Kamfanoni]]</text>
      <sha1>p0j22phb4mpzo6snozl7e7d4s0nfq8q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179921</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971119</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T19:59:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere''' Federal University of Kashere}}), wadda aka fi sani da '''FUK''' ko '''FUKashere''', jami'a ce ta gwamnati tarayya a Najeriya da ke garin Kashere, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko, Jihar Gombe. An kafa jami'ar ne domin faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami'a da samar da ƙarin cibiyoyin ilimi a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Tana gudanar da koyarwa, bincike da ayyukan hidimar al'umma. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |webs...</comment>
      <origin>971119</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="12083" sha1="n0ip0u63kb93o7iseaaiuo4e93pozt3" xml:space="preserve">'''Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere''' Federal University of Kashere}}), wadda aka fi sani da '''FUK''' ko '''FUKashere''', jami'a ce ta gwamnati tarayya a Najeriya da ke garin Kashere, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko, Jihar Gombe. An kafa jami'ar ne domin faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami'a da samar da ƙarin cibiyoyin ilimi a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Tana gudanar da koyarwa, bincike da ayyukan hidimar al'umma. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |website=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

== Tarihi ==

An kafa Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere a shekarar 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Gwamnatin Tarayya na ƙara yawan jami'o'in gwamnati da faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin boko a matakin jami'a. Shirin ya kuma kasance wani yunƙuri na inganta daidaito wajen rarraba cibiyoyin ilimi a jihohin Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |website=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2010, an gabatar da buƙatar kafa sabbin manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare a gaban Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya domin magance matsalolin ƙarancin guraben karatu da rashin daidaito wajen samun ilimi. Daga cikin jami'o'in da aka amince da kafa su a wannan shiri akwai Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa kwamiti ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Julius A. Okojie, wanda a lokacin shi ne babban sakataren Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NUC), domin tsara yadda za a kafa sabbin jami'o'in da wuraren da za a ajiye su. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kuma amince da tallafin fara aiki na naira biliyan 1.5 ga kowace jami'a daga Asusun Ilimi na Ƙasa, wanda a lokacin ake kira Education Trust Fund. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2011, an naɗa Farfesa Mohammed Kabiru Farouk a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko, tare da Dakta Abubakar Aliyu Bafeto a matsayin magatakardar jami'ar na farko. A ranar 1 ga Maris, 2011, an gabatar da su ga Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, yayin da jami'ar ta fara gina tsarin gudanarwarta da ayyukan ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuri da harabar jami'a ==

Jami'ar tana garin Kashere da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko a Jihar Gombe, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta taimaka wajen samar da wuraren fara gudanar da ayyukan jami'ar, ciki har da fili a Kashere da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin wurin fara aiki. Wannan haɗin gwiwa ya taimaka wajen fara gudanar da jami'ar kafin ci gabanta zuwa babbar cibiyar ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harabar jami'ar ita ce cibiyar gudanar da harkokin ilimi da gudanarwa, inda ake gudanar da koyarwa, bincike da sauran ayyukan jami'a. Ta hanyar sassan karatu da ofisoshin gudanarwa, jami'ar tana hidima ga ɗalibai daga Jihar Gombe da sauran sassan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal University of Kashere |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin karatu da fannoni ==

Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko da na gaba da digiri, tare da fannoni da suka haɗa da aikin gona, ilimi, kimiyya, ilimin ɗan Adam da zamantakewa, da kimiyyar gudanarwa. Haka kuma tana da makarantu da sassan da ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatu na musamman da na gaba da digiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fannin aikin gona yana da muhimmanci wajen koyar da hanyoyin samar da abinci, gudanar da gonaki da bincike kan noma. Fannin kimiyya kuma yana ba da horo a fannoni daban-daban na ilimin kimiyya, yayin da fannin ilimi ke shirya ɗalibai domin koyarwa da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da kimiyyar gudanarwa, ilimin ɗan Adam da zamantakewa. Waɗannan fannoni suna ba ɗalibai damar nazarin al'amuran tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, gudanarwa, harsuna da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi rayuwar al'umma. Shirye-shiryen karatun jami'ar suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idojin inganci da amincewa na Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NUC). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |website=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatun digiri na gaba ==

Jami'ar tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na gaba, ciki har da digiri na biyu da na uku a fannonin da hukumar jami'ar ta amince da su. Rahoton ziyarar tantance jami'ar na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ya bayyana cewa jami'ar ta fara neman amincewar shirye-shiryen digiri na gaba tun farkon shekarun aikinta, kuma zuwa shekarar 2020 tana gudanar da karatun har zuwa matakin digirin digirgir a wasu fannoni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, jaridar Daily Trust ta ruwaito cewa Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa ta amince da fara shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na MSc da PhD a fannin Mass Communication a jami'ar. Wannan ya ƙara faɗaɗa damar gudanar da bincike da karatun gaba da digiri a wannan fanni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NUC approves postgraduate prog in Mass Comm for Kashere varsity |url=https://dailytrust.com/nuc-approves-postgraduate-prog-in-mass-comm-for-kashere-varsity/ |work=Daily Trust |date=26 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike da hidimar al'umma ==

Daya daga cikin manufofin jami'ar shi ne gudanar da bincike da zai taimaka wajen samar da ilimi, fasahohi da hanyoyin magance matsalolin al'umma. Binciken da ake gudanarwa a fannoni kamar aikin gona, kimiyya, ilimi da zamantakewa na iya taimakawa wajen samar da bayanai da za su amfani al'umma, jihar da ƙasa baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jami'ar ta kuma bayyana hidimar al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwarewar malamai da bincike wajen tallafa wa ci gaban al'umma, da kuma samar da horo ga ɗalibai domin su iya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shugabancin jami'a ==

Shugaban gudanarwar jami'a shi ne mataimakin shugaban jami'a (Vice-Chancellor), wanda ke kula da ayyukan ilimi da gudanarwa tare da sauran manyan jami'an gudanarwa. Farfesa Mohammed Kabiru Farouk shi ne mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko. Daga baya Farfesa Muhammad Alhassan Gani ya jagoranci jami'ar, sannan Farfesa Umaru A. Pate ya karɓi shugabanci a shekarar 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pate completes tenure at FUK, leaves over N2b in varsity’s treasury |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/pate-completes-tenure-at-fuk-leaves-over-n2b-in-varsitys-treasury/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2026, jaridar The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Farfesa Umaru A. Pate ya kammala wa'adinsa na shekaru biyar, kuma Farfesa Muhammad Inuwa Ja'afaru ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin jami'ar. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa an miƙa ragamar aiki a wani taron da aka gudanar a harabar jami'ar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pate completes tenure at FUK, leaves over N2b in varsity’s treasury |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/pate-completes-tenure-at-fuk-leaves-over-n2b-in-varsitys-treasury/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin jami'ar ga Jihar Gombe ==

Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami'a a Jihar Gombe da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita. Kasancewar jami'ar a Akko na bai wa ɗalibai damar neman ilimin gaba da sakandare a cikin jihar, tare da samar da ayyukan koyarwa, gudanarwa da sauran ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da cibiyar ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga koyarwa, jami'ar na iya taimakawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin yankin ta hanyar buƙatun kayayyaki da hidimomi da ɗalibai, ma'aikata da sauran masu hulɗa da jami'ar ke samarwa. Haka kuma, kasancewarta cibiyar bincike na ba da dama ga samar da bayanai da ƙwarewar da za su iya tallafa wa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsaloli da ƙalubale ==

Kamar sauran jami'o'in gwamnati, gudanar da jami'ar na buƙatar isasshen kuɗi, kayayyakin koyarwa, ɗakunan karatu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ingantattun ayyukan jin daɗin ɗalibai da ma'aikata. Haka kuma, samun daidaito wajen kare haƙƙin ɗalibai da samar da yanayi mai kyau na karatu yana daga cikin muhimman al'amuran gudanar da manyan cibiyoyin ilimi. Rahotannin jaridu sun nuna cewa jami'ar ta fuskanci wasu batutuwan da suka shafi walwalar ɗalibai da tsarin rayuwa a harabar jami'ar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Faith divide widens: Students protest religious inequality at Gombe university |url=https://punchng.com/tags/federal-university-of-kashere/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=2 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2026, Punch Newspapers ta ruwaito cewa jami'ar ta sake jaddada goyon bayanta ga gina ɗakin ibada a harabar jami'ar bayan wata zanga-zanga da ɗalibai suka yi. Wannan lamari ya jawo hankalin jama'a kan muhimmancin tattaunawa da adalci wajen magance matsalolin da suka shafi bukatun ɗalibai masu bambancin addini. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=After PUNCH report, FUK reaffirms support for campus chapel |url=https://punchng.com/tags/federal-university-of-kashere/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=17 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Ilimi a Najeriya]]
* [[Jerin jami'o'i a Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==

* [https://fukashere.edu.ng/ Shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]
* [https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ Jerin jami'o'in gwamnati a shafin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]</text>
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      <text bytes="12573" sha1="cr0iijztqavo762tvt5jdhr62la5uch" xml:space="preserve">'''Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere''' Federal University of Kashere}}), wadda aka fi sani da '''FUK''' ko '''FUKashere''', jami'a ce ta gwamnati tarayya a Najeriya da ke garin Kashere, a Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko, Jihar Gombe. An kafa jami'ar ne domin faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami'a da samar da ƙarin cibiyoyin ilimi a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Tana gudanar da koyarwa, bincike da ayyukan hidimar al'umma. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |website=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521011810/https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |archive-date=21 May 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

== Tarihi ==

An kafa Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere a shekarar 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Gwamnatin Tarayya na ƙara yawan jami'o'in gwamnati da faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin boko a matakin jami'a. Shirin ya kuma kasance wani yunƙuri na inganta daidaito wajen rarraba cibiyoyin ilimi a jihohin Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |website=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521011810/https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |archive-date=21 May 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2010, an gabatar da buƙatar kafa sabbin manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare a gaban Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya domin magance matsalolin ƙarancin guraben karatu da rashin daidaito wajen samun ilimi. Daga cikin jami'o'in da aka amince da kafa su a wannan shiri akwai Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa kwamiti ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Julius A. Okojie, wanda a lokacin shi ne babban sakataren Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NUC), domin tsara yadda za a kafa sabbin jami'o'in da wuraren da za a ajiye su. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kuma amince da tallafin fara aiki na naira biliyan 1.5 ga kowace jami'a daga Asusun Ilimi na Ƙasa, wanda a lokacin ake kira Education Trust Fund. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2011, an naɗa Farfesa Mohammed Kabiru Farouk a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko, tare da Dakta Abubakar Aliyu Bafeto a matsayin magatakardar jami'ar na farko. A ranar 1 ga Maris, 2011, an gabatar da su ga Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe, yayin da jami'ar ta fara gina tsarin gudanarwarta da ayyukan ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wuri da harabar jami'a ==

Jami'ar tana garin Kashere da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Akko a Jihar Gombe, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta taimaka wajen samar da wuraren fara gudanar da ayyukan jami'ar, ciki har da fili a Kashere da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin wurin fara aiki. Wannan haɗin gwiwa ya taimaka wajen fara gudanar da jami'ar kafin ci gabanta zuwa babbar cibiyar ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harabar jami'ar ita ce cibiyar gudanar da harkokin ilimi da gudanarwa, inda ake gudanar da koyarwa, bincike da sauran ayyukan jami'a. Ta hanyar sassan karatu da ofisoshin gudanarwa, jami'ar tana hidima ga ɗalibai daga Jihar Gombe da sauran sassan Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal University of Kashere |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin karatu da fannoni ==

Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na farko da na gaba da digiri, tare da fannoni da suka haɗa da aikin gona, ilimi, kimiyya, ilimin ɗan Adam da zamantakewa, da kimiyyar gudanarwa. Haka kuma tana da makarantu da sassan da ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatu na musamman da na gaba da digiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fannin aikin gona yana da muhimmanci wajen koyar da hanyoyin samar da abinci, gudanar da gonaki da bincike kan noma. Fannin kimiyya kuma yana ba da horo a fannoni daban-daban na ilimin kimiyya, yayin da fannin ilimi ke shirya ɗalibai domin koyarwa da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da kimiyyar gudanarwa, ilimin ɗan Adam da zamantakewa. Waɗannan fannoni suna ba ɗalibai damar nazarin al'amuran tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, gudanarwa, harsuna da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi rayuwar al'umma. Shirye-shiryen karatun jami'ar suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idojin inganci da amincewa na Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa (NUC). &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |website=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521011810/https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |archive-date=21 May 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karatun digiri na gaba ==

Jami'ar tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na gaba, ciki har da digiri na biyu da na uku a fannonin da hukumar jami'ar ta amince da su. Rahoton ziyarar tantance jami'ar na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ya bayyana cewa jami'ar ta fara neman amincewar shirye-shiryen digiri na gaba tun farkon shekarun aikinta, kuma zuwa shekarar 2020 tana gudanar da karatun har zuwa matakin digirin digirgir a wasu fannoni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Report of the Presidential Visitation Panel to the Federal University of Kashere, 2016–2020 |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Kashere-Report-2016-2020.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2023, jaridar Daily Trust ta ruwaito cewa Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Ƙasa ta amince da fara shirye-shiryen karatun digiri na biyu na MSc da PhD a fannin Mass Communication a jami'ar. Wannan ya ƙara faɗaɗa damar gudanar da bincike da karatun gaba da digiri a wannan fanni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=NUC approves postgraduate prog in Mass Comm for Kashere varsity |url=https://dailytrust.com/nuc-approves-postgraduate-prog-in-mass-comm-for-kashere-varsity/ |work=Daily Trust |date=26 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike da hidimar al'umma ==

Daya daga cikin manufofin jami'ar shi ne gudanar da bincike da zai taimaka wajen samar da ilimi, fasahohi da hanyoyin magance matsalolin al'umma. Binciken da ake gudanarwa a fannoni kamar aikin gona, kimiyya, ilimi da zamantakewa na iya taimakawa wajen samar da bayanai da za su amfani al'umma, jihar da ƙasa baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jami'ar ta kuma bayyana hidimar al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwarewar malamai da bincike wajen tallafa wa ci gaban al'umma, da kuma samar da horo ga ɗalibai domin su iya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shugabancin jami'a ==

Shugaban gudanarwar jami'a shi ne mataimakin shugaban jami'a (Vice-Chancellor), wanda ke kula da ayyukan ilimi da gudanarwa tare da sauran manyan jami'an gudanarwa. Farfesa Mohammed Kabiru Farouk shi ne mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko. Daga baya Farfesa Muhammad Alhassan Gani ya jagoranci jami'ar, sannan Farfesa Umaru A. Pate ya karɓi shugabanci a shekarar 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History of the University |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/history-of-the-university/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pate completes tenure at FUK, leaves over N2b in varsity’s treasury |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/pate-completes-tenure-at-fuk-leaves-over-n2b-in-varsitys-treasury/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2026, jaridar The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Farfesa Umaru A. Pate ya kammala wa'adinsa na shekaru biyar, kuma Farfesa Muhammad Inuwa Ja'afaru ya karɓi ragamar shugabancin jami'ar. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa an miƙa ragamar aiki a wani taron da aka gudanar a harabar jami'ar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pate completes tenure at FUK, leaves over N2b in varsity’s treasury |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/pate-completes-tenure-at-fuk-leaves-over-n2b-in-varsitys-treasury/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin jami'ar ga Jihar Gombe ==

Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin jami'a a Jihar Gombe da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita. Kasancewar jami'ar a Akko na bai wa ɗalibai damar neman ilimin gaba da sakandare a cikin jihar, tare da samar da ayyukan koyarwa, gudanarwa da sauran ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da cibiyar ilimi. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga koyarwa, jami'ar na iya taimakawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin yankin ta hanyar buƙatun kayayyaki da hidimomi da ɗalibai, ma'aikata da sauran masu hulɗa da jami'ar ke samarwa. Haka kuma, kasancewarta cibiyar bincike na ba da dama ga samar da bayanai da ƙwarewar da za su iya tallafa wa ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/about-us/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=24 October 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsaloli da ƙalubale ==

Kamar sauran jami'o'in gwamnati, gudanar da jami'ar na buƙatar isasshen kuɗi, kayayyakin koyarwa, ɗakunan karatu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ingantattun ayyukan jin daɗin ɗalibai da ma'aikata. Haka kuma, samun daidaito wajen kare haƙƙin ɗalibai da samar da yanayi mai kyau na karatu yana daga cikin muhimman al'amuran gudanar da manyan cibiyoyin ilimi. Rahotannin jaridu sun nuna cewa jami'ar ta fuskanci wasu batutuwan da suka shafi walwalar ɗalibai da tsarin rayuwa a harabar jami'ar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Faith divide widens: Students protest religious inequality at Gombe university |url=https://punchng.com/tags/federal-university-of-kashere/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=2 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2026, Punch Newspapers ta ruwaito cewa jami'ar ta sake jaddada goyon bayanta ga gina ɗakin ibada a harabar jami'ar bayan wata zanga-zanga da ɗalibai suka yi. Wannan lamari ya jawo hankalin jama'a kan muhimmancin tattaunawa da adalci wajen magance matsalolin da suka shafi bukatun ɗalibai masu bambancin addini. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=After PUNCH report, FUK reaffirms support for campus chapel |url=https://punchng.com/tags/federal-university-of-kashere/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=17 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]
* [[Ilimi a Najeriya]]
* [[Jerin jami'o'i a Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==

* [https://fukashere.edu.ng/ Shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kashere]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20260521011810/https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ Jerin jami'o'in gwamnati a shafin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]</text>
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    <title>Nazriya Nazim</title>
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        <username>Zaujeel khair</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381719001|Nazriya Nazim]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:گ-ژ-چ-پ-ڤ</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971141</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, گ-ژ-چ-پ-ڤ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/گ-ژ-چ-پ-ڤ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971142</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AmericaGuy219! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AmericaGuy219|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971143</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:23:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971143</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1183" sha1="rc55t9zvlesp4ipbhmsw6a2vpb36vcd" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Orohi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Orohi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rc55t9zvlesp4ipbhmsw6a2vpb36vcd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Footpathandstile</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971144</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:23:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971144</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1205" sha1="fxv0d6oyfgn60sz4scleejx8c3o7n0t" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Footpathandstile! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Footpathandstile|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fxv0d6oyfgn60sz4scleejx8c3o7n0t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Myazyk</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971145</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:23:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1185" sha1="eznbv1qg7y4wbfj7wplbhtuw6g5mm81" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Myazyk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Myazyk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>eznbv1qg7y4wbfj7wplbhtuw6g5mm81</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Gowtham Sampath</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971146</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:24:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971146</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1203" sha1="4ja5sps1fsrj90nk58gfqetw6v7buzh" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gowtham Sampath! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gowtham Sampath|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>4ja5sps1fsrj90nk58gfqetw6v7buzh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Saniabdoul</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971147</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971147</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1193" sha1="6k7xsx00rxcasomewj54u4mxm6jmtxu" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Saniabdoul! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Saniabdoul|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6k7xsx00rxcasomewj54u4mxm6jmtxu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Weblingdevs</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179930</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971148</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:24:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971148</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1195" sha1="d6wpdf0aeapnu9smh6ge0noy3w3ac4u" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Weblingdevs! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Weblingdevs|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>d6wpdf0aeapnu9smh6ge0noy3w3ac4u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Jarmoknantok</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179931</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971149</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:24:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971149</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="07so9l48q8ijeiw6yb276hldm1if3l4" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jarmoknantok! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jarmoknantok|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>07so9l48q8ijeiw6yb276hldm1if3l4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:MuhammadLawanMD</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179932</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971150</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:24:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971150</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1203" sha1="2mh49n2xwdw9amx1fek048n3zzhy13z" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MuhammadLawanMD! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MuhammadLawanMD|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>2mh49n2xwdw9amx1fek048n3zzhy13z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Współczesny Sokrates</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179933</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971151</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:24:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971151</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1217" sha1="9wj58b17uyom0ra9hhsgozg1wpnup3q" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Współczesny Sokrates! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Współczesny Sokrates|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9wj58b17uyom0ra9hhsgozg1wpnup3q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Bodow</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971152</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:25:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971152</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1183" sha1="1y5zg2bpucublj0s8at0bp2bbex8gfb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bodow! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bodow|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1y5zg2bpucublj0s8at0bp2bbex8gfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:XxKingxX129</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971153</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:25:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971153</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1195" sha1="3rzwoxjryg1qnjklaqd192lyhbglqla" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, XxKingxX129! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/XxKingxX129|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3rzwoxjryg1qnjklaqd192lyhbglqla</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Arthritic Walrus</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971154</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:25:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971154</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1205" sha1="12q4v75wq4t27uukszol69zjm9txjx7" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Arthritic Walrus! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Arthritic Walrus|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>12q4v75wq4t27uukszol69zjm9txjx7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Falmouth123</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971155</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:25:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971155</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1195" sha1="fxlcy4owuyfcfleno5ze4ztcuts2fza" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Falmouth123! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Falmouth123|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fxlcy4owuyfcfleno5ze4ztcuts2fza</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Asd12fgh</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179938</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971156</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:25:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971156</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1189" sha1="ceef20xugjkcnbny61yghzwvwwhzvx3" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Asd12fgh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Asd12fgh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ceef20xugjkcnbny61yghzwvwwhzvx3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Winterandsummer99</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971157</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:25:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971157</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1207" sha1="41mu68945zwcst44dozjp567rmoqxjf" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Winterandsummer99! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Winterandsummer99|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>41mu68945zwcst44dozjp567rmoqxjf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Bosse Nor</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179940</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971158</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1191" sha1="ststc8o7s7hmpouka2qz8gt4l7x2o6s" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bosse Nor! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bosse Nor|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ststc8o7s7hmpouka2qz8gt4l7x2o6s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tashar Bayan (Farin jirgin sama)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179941</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971159</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar A Muhammad</username>
        <id>22698</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370804713|Bayan (Airport) station]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971159</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="983" sha1="4jsyk61q6d9c5110aebo4upxd3ci0ri" xml:space="preserve">
 

Bayan (Airport) tashar (China: 坝堰（机场）站; pinyin: Bàyàn (Jīchǎng) zhan) tasha ce akan Layin 1 na Hohhot Metro[1] kuma an buɗe a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2019.[&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=呼和浩特地铁 |url=http://www.hhhtmetro.com/org/platform |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809171433/http://www.hhhtmetro.com/org/platform |archive-date=2020-08-09 |access-date=2020-02-09 |website=www.hhhtmetro.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inner Mongolia's first subway line opens - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/29/c_138664545.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229105810/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/29/c_138664545.htm |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |access-date=2020-02-09 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana hidima ga tashar jiragen sama ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Hohhot Baita da kuma ƙauyen Bayan, kuma ita ce tashar gabas ta layin.

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>4jsyk61q6d9c5110aebo4upxd3ci0ri</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971162</id>
      <parentid>971159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar A Muhammad</username>
        <id>22698</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="992" sha1="czr2vlzpu5jddhjepsirvi9jrqu1m32" xml:space="preserve">
{{Databox}}

Bayan (Airport) tashar (China: 坝堰（机场）站; pinyin: Bàyàn (Jīchǎng) zhan) tasha ce akan Layin 1 na Hohhot Metro[1] kuma an buɗe a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2019.[&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=呼和浩特地铁 |url=http://www.hhhtmetro.com/org/platform |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809171433/http://www.hhhtmetro.com/org/platform |archive-date=2020-08-09 |access-date=2020-02-09 |website=www.hhhtmetro.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inner Mongolia's first subway line opens - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/29/c_138664545.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229105810/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/29/c_138664545.htm |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |access-date=2020-02-09 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana hidima ga tashar jiragen sama ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Hohhot Baita da kuma ƙauyen Bayan, kuma ita ce tashar gabas ta layin.

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>czr2vlzpu5jddhjepsirvi9jrqu1m32</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Issac.nelsongardner</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179942</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971160</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971160</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1211" sha1="g8bzw2b0phh9s0njut58nk7gnuhpgtx" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Issac.nelsongardner! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Issac.nelsongardner|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>g8bzw2b0phh9s0njut58nk7gnuhpgtx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Likalike</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179943</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971161</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1189" sha1="f48veqn0mg7hlcczl5m3y9bdtjqpm57" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Likalike! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Likalike|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>f48veqn0mg7hlcczl5m3y9bdtjqpm57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Angrylambie</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971163</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971163</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1195" sha1="13b0x1u4wmrmgu622pe97ivxkhe8imb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Angrylambie! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Angrylambie|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>13b0x1u4wmrmgu622pe97ivxkhe8imb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Markocortesa2</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179945</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971164</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Markocortesa2! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Markocortesa2|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:الحساوي</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971165</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:26:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, الحساوي! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/الحساوي|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:FiredudeT</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971166</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:27:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971166</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, FiredudeT! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/FiredudeT|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>26zgt30r7ml5wwkjhnsg0oqx0wl9bdt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:BlockyOSC</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971167</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:27:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1191" sha1="movx24nnylyyvfeeunh9ryvs5y2npux" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, BlockyOSC! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/BlockyOSC|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Onyx Moose US</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>179949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971168</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T21:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>971168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1199" sha1="m7v5vl0zdq1g9jo9j24dbhsh5vvr72a" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Onyx Moose US! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Onyx Moose US|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kashe-kashen Jesuits a shekarar 1989 a El Salvador</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971174</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-24T22:20:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Usman saadu</username>
        <id>46863</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378580897|1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971174</origin>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]])&quot;&gt;Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga Maris, 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7745" sha1="ckg05vyvpk0n8sxoc64kj327ep63v5b" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]])&quot;&gt;Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga Maris, 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]])&quot;&gt;Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga Maris, 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga Maris, 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga Maris, 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin ƙasar Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta &quot;FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN&quot;.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin &quot;mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits &quot;an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a shekarar 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin ƙasar Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan &quot;mai mahimmanci&quot;, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk &quot;masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani&quot; za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a shekarar 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin ƙasar Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan mai mahimmanci, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist,&quot; kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin Shekara ta 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a shekarar 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin ƙasar Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan mai mahimmanci, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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A lokacin yakin basasar [[Salvador|El Salvador]], a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1989, Sojojin El Salvador sun kashe Jesuits shida da mata biyu, matar mai kula da ita da 'yarta, a gidansu a harabar [[San Salvador]] Jami'ar Amurka ta Tsakiya (wanda aka sani da UCA El Salvador) a San Salvador, El Salvador. Hotuna na Polaroid na jikin da aka cika da harsashi na Jesuits an nuna su a cikin hallway a waje da ɗakin sujada, kuma an dasa lambun fure na tunawa a kusa da ɗakin suyum don tunawa da kisan.

Jesuits sun kasance masu ba da shawara game da sasantawa tsakanin gwamnatin El Salvador da Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), kungiyar 'yan tawaye da ta yi yaƙi da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma. Kisan ya ja hankalin duniya ga kokarin Jesuits kuma ya kara matsin lamba na kasa da kasa don tsagaita wuta, wanda ke wakiltar daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka haifar da sasantawa ga yakin.

== Tarihi ==
Kafin yakin basasar El Salvador tashin hankali tsakanin masu gyara dimokuradiyya da mulkin kama-karya na soja na dogon lokaci yana tasowa. Tattalin arzikin Salvador ya kasance cikin rashi saboda Rikicin Man Fetur na Shekarar 1973 da kuma jerin mummunar girbi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Michael |title=Oil Shock of 1973–74 {{!}} Federal Reserve History |url=https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/oil-shock-of-1973-74 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=federalreservehistory.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar gwamnati ta ci gaba da amfani da sojojinta don danne yawan jama'a har ma a gaban adawa da jama'a. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta 1980, an kashe Óscar Arnulfo Romero da Galdámez wanda aka nada shi Archbishop yayin bikin Mass ta hanyar 'yan wasan El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Now |first=El Salvador |date=2025-03-25 |title=Impunity. El Salvador: 45 Years Since the Assassination of Monsignor Romero, the “Martyr of the Poor” — Impunidad. El Salvador: a 45 años del asesinato de monseñor Romero, el “mártir de los pobres” |url=https://www.elsalvadornow.org/2025/03/25/impunity-el-salvador-45-years-since-the-assassination-of-monsignor-romero-the-martyr-of-the-poor-impunidad-el-salvador-a-45-anos-del-asesinato-de-monsenor-romero-el/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=El Salvador Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1980, an kafa kungiyar Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) don yaki da zaluncin soja na El Salvador a kan mutanen El Salvador. Wadannan 'yan tawaye na hagu sun fuskanci tsanantawa mai tsanani. Sojojin El Salvador sun kalli adawa da ikonsu a matsayin kwaminisanci kai tsaye da barazana ga mulkin kama karya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Firistoci sun tsaya don zubar da jini a kan tituna ta hanyar kiran adalci na zamantakewa. Wannan kawai ya sanya manufa a bayansu. &quot;Ka kasance mai kishin kasa, ka kashe firist, kalmomi irin waɗannan sun samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na adawa da kwaminisanci da aka sanya a cikin jagorancin tsattsauran ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasar El Salvador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Altizio |first=Sante |date=2001 |title=Be a patriot, kill a priest |url=https://libcat.simmons.edu/Record/b2211370/Description |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=libcat.simmons.edu |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar farko ta FMLN a cikin fada ita ce ta hambarar da mulkin soja mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ya canza a cikin shekarun 1980. Sun yi buƙatu don rushewar gwamnatin El Salvador.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez |first=Joaquín M. |date=2015 |title=How Did the Civil War in El Salvador End? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697077?read-now=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1784–1797 |issn=0002-8762 |jstor=43697077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin Shekara ta 1989, zaben Shugaba Alfredo Cristiani ya ba da damar fara yin gyare-gyare a El Salvador. Amurka ta watsar da da'awar cewa yakin basasar El Salvador wani lamari ne da ya shafi [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] maimakon gwagwarmayar ciki. An tilasta wa Cristiani yin shawarwari tare da FMLN lokacin da suka kai hari kan babban birnin a San Salvador. Duk da cewa sojojin El Salvador sun kare shi, wannan hari ya canza yanayin da ya haifar da tsoro cewa FMLN na girma da karfi sosai don cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Karl |first=Terry Lynn |date=1992 |title=El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045130?read-now=1&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=147–164 |doi=10.2307/20045130 |issn=0015-7120 |jstor=20045130 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Jesuits shida ya hanzarta taimakon soja daga Amurka don tallafawa FMLN da waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da su.

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
Lura: Dukkanin bayanin abubuwan da suka faru an ɗauke su ne daga rahoton Hukumar Gaskiya  da kuma taƙaitaccen zarge-zargen da kotun ƙasar Spain ta yarda da su a kan mambobin sojojin El Salvador da aka yanke musu hukuncin laifin. 

Sojojin El Salvador sun dauki Cibiyar Fasto ta UCA El Salvador a matsayin mazaunin masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;. Kanal Juan Orlando Zepeda, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro, ya zargi UCA El Salvador da kasancewa cibiyar ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na FMLN. Colonel Innocente Montano, Mataimakin Ministan Tsaron Jama'a, ya ce Jesuits an san su da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da kayar baya&quot;.A cikin tattaunawar don warware rikici cikin lumana, firist na Jesuit kuma shugaban jami'ar Ignacio Ellacuría ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yawancin sojojin sun gano firistocin Jesuit tare da 'yan tawaye, saboda damuwarsu ta musamman ga mutanen Salvadorians waɗanda suka fi talauci kuma saboda haka ya fi shafar yakin.

Membobin Battalion na Atlácatl, wani rukuni na musamman na Sojojin El Salvador da ke da hannu a wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasar El Salvador, sun kasance gagarumin amsa, battalion na yaki da tawaye da aka kirkira a shekarar 1980 a Makarantar Sojojin ƙasar Amurka, wanda ke [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] a lokacin. A yammacin ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, Atlácatl Colonel Guillermo Alfredo Benavides Moreno ya sadu da jami'an da ke karkashin umurninsa a Kwalejin Soja. Ya sanar da su cewa Janar Staff ya yi la'akari da hare-haren 'yan tawaye na baya-bayan nan mai mahimmanci, don saduwa da cikakken karfi, kuma cewa duk masu tayar da kayar baya da aka sani za a kawar da su. An umarce shi da ya kawar da Ellacuría, ba tare da barin shaidu ba. Jami'an sun yanke shawarar ɓoye aikin a matsayin harin 'yan tawaye, ta amfani da bindigar AK-47 da aka kama daga FMLN.

Sojojin sun fara ƙoƙarin tilasta musu shiga gidan Jesuits, har sai firistoci sun buɗe musu ƙofofin. Bayan sun umarci firistoci su kwanta fuska a cikin lambun baya, sojoji sun bincika gidan. Lieutenant Guerra ya ba da umarni a kashe firistocin. Iyaye Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, da Segundo Montes sun harbe su kuma sun kashe su da Private Grimaldi. Mataimakin Sergeant Antonio Ramiro Avalos Vargas ne ya kashe ubanni Amando López da Moreno. Sojojin daga baya sun gano Uba Joaquín López y López a cikin gidan kuma sun kashe shi. Mataimakin Sergeant Tomás Zarpate Castillo ya harbe mai kula da gida Julia Elba Ramos da 'yarta mai shekaru 16, Celina Mariceth Ramos; Private José Alberto Sierra Ascencio ya sake harbe mata biyu, yana tabbatar da mutuwarsu.

Sojojin sun cire wani karamin jaka dauke da hotuna, takardu, da $ 5,000. Daga nan sai suka ba da umarnin harbin bindiga a gaban gidan, da kuma rokoki da grenades. Sun bar alamar katako ta karya wacce ta karanta FMLN ta kashe wadanda suka sanar da ita. Nasara ko mutuwa, FMLN.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379922439|COINTELPRO]]&quot;</comment>
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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin 1956 da 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, &quot;Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai&quot;.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an &quot;kusa su&quot; ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su &quot;bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana&quot; ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King &quot;a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance &quot;marasa amfani&quot; don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci&quot; a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin 1956 da 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, &quot;Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai&quot;.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an &quot;kusa su&quot; ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su &quot;bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana&quot; ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King &quot;a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance &quot;marasa amfani&quot; don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci&quot; a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin 1956 da 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, &quot;Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai&quot;.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an &quot;kusa su&quot; ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su &quot;bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana&quot; ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King &quot;a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance &quot;marasa amfani&quot; don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci&quot; a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, &quot;Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai&quot;.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an &quot;kusa su&quot; ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su &quot;bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana&quot; ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King &quot;a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance &quot;marasa amfani&quot; don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci&quot; a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 zuwa 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, &quot;Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai&quot;.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an &quot;kusa su&quot; ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su &quot;bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana&quot; ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King &quot;a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance &quot;marasa amfani&quot; don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci&quot; a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 zuwa 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an kusa su ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su &quot;bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana&quot; ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King &quot;a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance &quot;marasa amfani&quot; don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci&quot; a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 zuwa 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an kusa su ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance marasa amfani don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na shekarar 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani &quot;kunshe na kashe kansa&quot; wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 zuwa 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an kusa su ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance marasa amfani don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na shekarar 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani kunshe na kashe kansa wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: &quot;Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance &quot;kai tsaye&quot; da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma &quot;sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 zuwa 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an kusa su ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance marasa amfani don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta ƙasar Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na shekarar 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani kunshe na kashe kansa wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance kai tsaye da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan ƙasar Afirka da Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi&quot;; don &quot;Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama &quot;masihu&quot;, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da &quot;ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na &quot;ƙarfi&quot;.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

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'''COINTELPRO''' (abbreviation syllabic samo daga Counter Intelligence Program) jerin ayyukan ɓoye ne &lt;ref name=&quot;Hoerl and Ortiz, 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hoerl |first=Kristen |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erin |date=November 2015 |title=Organizational Secrecy and the FBI's COINTELPRO–Black Nationalist Hate Groups Program, 1967–1971 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0893318915597302 |journal=Management Communication Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=590–615 |doi=10.1177/0893318915597302 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙasar Amurka (FBI) ya gudanar tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da 1971 da nufin yin bincike, shiga, lalata, da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyi da FBI ta ɗauka a matsayin masu tayar da kayar baya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jeffreys-Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyoyi da mutane da FBI ta yi niyya sun haɗa da kungiyoyin mata, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Salper |first=Roberta |year=2008 |title=U.S. Government Surveillance and the Women's Liberation Movement, 1968–1973: A Case Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20459215 |journal=Feminist Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=431–455 |doi= |jstor=20459215 |access-date=2022-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; masu shirya yaƙin Vietnam, masu gwagwarmaya a cikin 'yancin farar hula da ƙungiyoyin Black power (misali, [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Malcolm X]], da Black Panther Party), Kungiyoyin ɗalibai kamar Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)  da Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba (SNCC), Ƙungiyar Indiya ta Amurka (AIM), ƙungiyoyin Chicano da Mexican-Amurka kamar Brown Berets da Ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Puerto Lords, da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin kai (ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ma' yancin kai ta Jama' [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|'Yancin jama'a]]'a). Kodayake shirin ya fi mayar da hankali kan kungiyoyin da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Sabon Hagu, sun kuma yi niyya ga kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, kamar su Ku Klux Klan   da Jam'iyyar Kare Hakkin Jihohi ta Kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=David |date=2003 |title=Understanding State Responses to Left- versus Right-Wing Threats: The FBI's Repression of the New Left and the Ku Klux Klan |journal=Social Science History |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=327–370 |doi=10.1017/S0145553200012566}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Paul |title=Groups targeted by COINTELPRO |url=http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071729/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm |archive-date=10 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

FBI ta shiga cikin ayyukan ɓoye da ke da niyya ga kungiyoyin siyasa na cikin gida tun daga farkon shekarunta. Ayyukan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin lakabin COINTELPRO na hukuma sun faru tsakanin shekara ta 1956 zuwa 1971. Koyaya, jerin lokutan hukuma na shirin shine batun muhawara. A cewar binciken Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, Idan COINTELPRO ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalolin ƙaya na motsawa, dabaru, da sarrafawa da aka gabatar na iya zama lafiya a tarihi. Koyaya, COINTELSRO ya wanzu shekaru da yawa a kan lokaci-lokaci kafin a kafa shirye-shiryen tsari, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ayyukan COINTELCRO-type na iya ci gaba a yau a ƙarƙashin rubric na 'bincike'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Yawancin dabarun da aka yi amfani da su a COINTELPRO ana zargin sun ci gaba da amfani da su, gami da lalata manufofi ta hanyar yaƙi na tunani; lalata mutane da kungiyoyi ta amfani da takardun karya da kuma dasa rahotanni na karya a cikin kafofin watsa labarai; cin zarafi; ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau; tashin hankali ba bisa ka'ida ba; da kisan kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;FBI Secrets 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=M. Wesley Swearingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;itsabouttimebpp.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murder of Fred Hampton |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215210352/http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/pdf/Chicago/Murder_of_Fred_Hampton_1969.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-15 |access-date=2009-07-19 |website=It's About Time – Black Panther Party Legacy &amp; Alumni}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar wani rahoto na Majalisar Dattijai, dalilin FBI shine &quot;kare tsaron kasa, hana tashin hankali, da kiyaye tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa da ke akwai.

Da farko a shekarar 1969, COINTELPRO ta yi niyya ga shugabannin jam'iyyar Black Panther kuma an kusa su ta hanyar dabaru da suka hada da kisan kai, ɗaurewa, wulakanci na jama'a, da kuma zargin aikata laifuka na ƙarya. Black Panthers da aka yi niyya sun hada da [[Fred Hampton]], Mark Clark, Assata Shakur, Geronimo Pratt, Mumia Abu-Jamal,  da Marshall Conway . Hanyoyin da COINTELPRO ke amfani da su sun kasance ƙarya, cin zarafin shaidu, tsoratar da shaidu, da kuma hana shaidar da za a ba da izini.&lt;ref name=&quot;cleaver&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cleaver |first=Kathleen |date=1998 |title=Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |url-status=live |journal=Yale Journal of Law &amp; the Humanities |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |issn=1041-6374 |s2cid=141121370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406125116/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol10/iss2/2/ |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Darakta na FBI J. Edgar Hoover ya ba da umarni da ke kula da COINTELPRO, yana ba da umarnin jami'an FBI da su bayyana, rushewa, ba daidai ba, ko kuma su hana ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kuma musamman shugabannin su.&lt;ref name=&quot;WRH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying &amp; Disruption – In Black &amp; White: The F.B.I. Papers |url=http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516220059/http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/COINTELPRO-FBI.docs.html |archive-date=2008-05-16 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=What Really Happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbsco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Huey P. Newton Story – Actions – COINTELPRO |url=https://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515150914/http://www.pbs.org/hueypnewton/actions/actions_cointelpro.html |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=2008-06-23 |website=PBS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A karkashin Hoover, jami'in da ke kula da COINTELPRO shine mataimakin darektan William C. Sullivan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Babban Lauyan Robert F. Kennedy da kansa ya ba da izini ga wasu shirye-shiryen,  yana ba da izinin rubuce-rubuce don iyakance sauraron wayoyin Martin Luther King a kan gwaji, na wata ɗaya ko haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Hoover ya tsawaita izinin don haka mutanensa sun kasance marasa amfani don neman shaidu a kowane bangare na rayuwar Sarki da suka ɗauka sun cancanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hersh|2007}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
FBI ta fara COINTELPRO, taƙaice don Shirin Counterintelligence, a cikin 1956 tare da manufar lalata ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1960, an fadada ikon makircin don ya ƙunshi ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na cikin gida, gami da Ku Klux Klan, Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers, da Jam'iyyar Black Panther. Dakatar da duk ayyukan COINTELPRO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971. Duk da karamin sikelin da yake da shi (wanda ya zama kusan 0.2% na aikin FBI gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 15), COINTELPRO daga baya ya fuskanci zargi daga Majalisa da jama'ar Amurka don keta haƙƙin Kwaskwarimar Farko da sauran dalilai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FBI Records: The Vault — COINTELPRO |url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=FBI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dabaru sun haɗa da kiran waya da ba a san su ba, binciken sabis na haraji na ciki (IRS), da kuma kirkirar takardu da za su raba kungiyar kwaminisanci ta ƙasar Amurka a ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiner 2012 195&quot; /&gt; Wani bayanin Oktoba 1956 daga Hoover ya sake rarraba sa ido na FBI game da shugabannin baƙar fata, gami da shi a cikin COINTELPRO, tare da tabbatar da cewa [[kwaminisanci]] sun shiga cikin motsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1956, Hoover ya aika da wasika mai budewa yana zargin Dokta T. R. M. Howard, shugaban kare hakkin bil'adama, likita, kuma attajiri ne a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] wanda ya soki FBI ba ta aiki wajen warware kisan gillar da aka yi kwanan nan na [[George W. Lee]], Emmett Till, da sauran 'yan Afirka a Kudu. Lokacin da aka kafa Kudancin Kudancin Kirista (SCLC), kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, a shekara ta 1957, FBI ta fara saka idanu da kuma yin niyya ga kungiyar kusan nan da nan, tana mai da hankali musamman ga Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, kuma a ƙarshe [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|Wani ɓangare na &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; ta 1964  wanda FBI ta aika wa [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]Sarki ya fassara wasikar a matsayin ƙoƙari na shawo kansa ya [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt; Za a saki wasu sassan wasikar a cikin 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;fbi letter&quot; /&gt;]]
Bayan Maris na shekarar 1963 a Washington don Ayyuka da 'Yanci, Hoover ya zaɓi Sarki a matsayin babban burin COINTELPRO. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Hoover don mayar da hankali ga Sarki, Sullivan ya rubuta: &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Blockquote|In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech ... We must mark him now if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.}}
Ba da daɗewa ba, FBI ta kasance tana yin amfani da gidan Sarki da ɗakunan otal dinsa, saboda yanzu sun san cewa Sarki yana girma a kowace rana a matsayin babban jagora na ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Sarki ya fara sukar Ofishin a bainar jama'a saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da [[ta'addanci]] ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Hoover ya amsa ta hanyar kiran Sarki a fili &quot;mafi sanannun maƙaryaci a Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Taylor Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin tarihinsa na 1991, ɗan jaridar ''Washington Post'' Carl Rowan ya tabbatar da cewa FBI ta aika da akalla wata wasika da ba a bayyana sunanta ba ga Sarki tana ƙarfafa shi ya kashe kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Carl Rowan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin tarihi Taylor Branch ya rubuta wani kunshe na kashe kansa wanda ba a san shi ba wanda FBI ta aiko a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 1964, wanda ya ƙunshi rikodin sauti da aka samu ta hanyar buga wayar Sarki da sanya kwari a cikin ɗakunan otal daban-daban a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata,  kuma an kirkireshi ne kwana biyu bayan sanarwar Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tape ɗin, wanda masanin fasahar sauti na FBI John Matter ya shirya,  ya rubuta jerin abubuwan da King ya yi na jima'i tare da wasika tana gaya masa: Akwai hanyar fita guda ɗaya kawai a gare ku. Ya fi kyau ku ɗauka kafin a hana ku zama mai ƙazanta, mai banƙyama, mai zamba ga al'ummar. &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot;&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sarki ya yi imanin cewa daga baya an sanar da shi cewa za a saki sauti ga kafofin watsa labarai idan bai yarda ba kuma ya kashe kansa kafin ya karbi kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Sarki ya ki gamsar da dabarun tilasta musu, Mataimakin Darakta na FBI, Cartha D. DeLoach, ya fara kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai yana ba da bayanan sa ido ga ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban, gami da ''Newsweek'' da Newsday . &lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_2002&quot; /&gt; A shekara ta 1969 - shekara guda bayan kisan Sarki - kokarin FBI na &quot;bayyana&quot; shi ya ci gaba ba tare da raguwa ba. Dangane da binciken Kwamitin Ikilisiya, Ofishin &quot;ya samar da harsashi ga abokan adawar da suka ba da damar kai hare-hare kan ƙwaƙwalwar Sarki kuma ... sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ƙoƙarin girmama jagoran da aka kashe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Branch_1999-527_9&quot; /&gt;Koyaya, an bayyana wasu ɓangarorin wasikar FBI ga Sarki a cikin 2014 wanda ya nuna cewa manufar FBI ita ce tura Sarki daga jagoranci kuma suna da &quot;manyan shugabannin&quot; kamar Roy Wilkins suna jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yancin jama'a. Da'awar cewa manufar FBI ita ce cire Sarki daga jagorancin SCLC an kuma goyi bayan shi a baya a 1976 ta hanyar binciken Kwamitin Coci.

A wannan lokacin shirin ya kuma yi niyya ga [[Malcolm X]]. Duk da yake mai magana da yawun FBI ya musanta cewa FBI ta kasance kai tsaye da hannu a kisan Malcolm a shekarar 1965, an rubuta cewa Ofishin ya yi aiki don &quot; fadada rikici&quot; tsakanin Malcolm da Elijah Muhammad ta hanyar shiga ciki da kuma sparking of acrimonious muhawara a cikin kungiyar&quot;, jita-jita, da sauran dabarun da aka tsara don bunkasa rikice-rikice-rikici na ciki, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da kisan Malcolm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Branch|1999}}.&lt;/ref&gt; FBI ta shiga cikin kungiyar Malcolm ta hadin kan ƙasar Afirka da ƙasar Amurka a cikin watanni na karshe na rayuwarsa. Manning Marable's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Malcolm X ya tabbatar da cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka shirya kisan Malcolm ba a taɓa kama su ba kuma ba za a iya sanin cikakken matakin FBI a cikin mutuwarsa ba.

A cikin rikice-rikicen birane na Yuli-Agusta 1967, FBI ta fara &quot;COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE&quot;, wanda ya mayar da hankali ga Sarki da SCLC, da kuma Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC), Juyin Juya Halin (RAM), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), da kuma Nation of Islam . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Microfilm Edition of FBI Surveillance Files: Black Extremist Organizations, Part 1 |url=http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603094342/http://cisupa.proquest.com/ksc_assets/catalog/101095_FBIBlackExtrOrgsPt1COINTELPRO.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=Lexis-Nexis}}&lt;/ref&gt; BLACK HATE ta kafa Shirin Mai ba da Bayani na Ghetto kuma ta umarci ofisoshin FBI 23 da su &quot;tabbatar da, ba daidai ba, lalata, ko kuma su kawar da ayyukan kungiyoyin ƙiyayya na baƙar fata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata sanarwa ta Maris a shekarar 1968 ta bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce &quot;hana hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin baƙar fata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi don Kariya ga RISE OF A '[[Messiah|MESSIAH]]' wanda zai iya haɗa kai ... ƙungiyar baƙar fata mai tsattsa ra'ayi &quot;; &quot;don nuna masu tayar da hankali da kuma kawar da su kafin su yi amfani da damar su don tashin hankali [a kan hukumomi]&quot;; don &quot;Ka hana kungiyoyin baƙi masu tsattst da shugabannin samun RESPECTABILITY, ta hanyar lalata su ga ... al'umma masu al'umma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci da kuma masu sassaucina cikin kungiyoyin baƙumi na baƙar fata da masu sassauta&quot;. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;An ce Dr. King yana da damar zama masihu, idan ya bar rashin tashin hankali da haɗin kai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=J. Edgar |title=The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO |url=http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012143108/http://herb.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/814 |archive-date=2014-10-12 |access-date=2014-10-07 |website=HERB: Resources for Teachers |publisher=City University of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an lura da [[Stokely Carmichael]] yana da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don zama ainihin barazana ta wannan hanyar&quot; kamar yadda aka nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya goyi bayan hangen nesa na ƙarfi.  Duk da yake FBI ta damu da shugabannin da masu shirya taron, ba su iyakance ikon da suke da shi ga shugabannin kungiyoyi ba. Kowane mutum, misali marubutan, an kuma lissafa su cikin manufofi na ayyukan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ward Churchill}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da yunkurin tarayya don shirya martani na soja don tashin hankali na birane kuma ya fara haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin FBI, [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]], [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]], da Ma'aikatar Tsaro. CIA ta kaddamar da aikin leken asiri na cikin gida a shekarar 1967 da ake kira Operation CHAOS . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weiner|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani takamaiman manufa shine Kamfen na Talakawa, kokarin kasa da Sarki da SCLC suka shirya don mamaye Washington, DC. FBI ta sa ido kuma ta rushe kamfen ɗin a matakin ƙasa, yayin da take amfani da dabarun lalata a cikin gida don lalata goyon baya ga tafiyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McKnight|1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jam'iyyar Black Panther ta kasance wata kungiya ce da aka yi niyya, inda FBI ta hada kai don hallaka jam'iyyar daga ciki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Churchill_1990&quot; /&gt;

Gabaɗaya, COINTELPRO ya ƙunshi rushewa da lalata Jam'iyyar Socialist Workers Party (1961), Ku Klux Klan (1964), Ƙasar Islama, Jam'iyyar Black Panther (1967), da dukan New Left social / siyasa movement, wanda ya haɗa da adawa da yaki, al'umma, da addinai (1968). Wani bincike daga baya da Kwamitin Ikilisiyar Majalisar Dattijai ya yi (duba ƙasa) ya bayyana cewa &quot;COINTELPRO ya fara ne a 1956, a wani bangare saboda takaici da hukunce-hukuncen Kotun Koli da ke iyakance ikon Gwamnati na ci gaba a bayyane a kan kungiyoyin masu adawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cfr3a&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FBI leadership claimed Bureau was 'almost powerless' against KKK, despite making up one-fifth of its membership |url=https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203613/https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2017/dec/08/fbi-kkk/ |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2018-12-08 |publisher=Muckrock}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kwamitocin majalisa na hukuma da shari'o'in kotu da yawa  sun kammala cewa ayyukan COINTELPRO akan kungiyoyin kwaminisanci da kwaminisancin sun wuce iyakokin doka kan ayyukan FBI kuma sun keta tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] da tarayya. 

=== Manazarta ===

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wasikar FBI-King</title>
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        <username>Usman saadu</username>
        <id>46863</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381638235|FBI–King letter]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Maris, 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don &quot;tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take&quot;, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba&quot;.Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar &quot;kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba&quot;, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa &quot;Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Maris, 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don &quot;tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take&quot;, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba&quot;.Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar &quot;kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba&quot;, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa &quot;Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙasar Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Maris, 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don &quot;tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take&quot;, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba&quot;.Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar &quot;kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba&quot;, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa &quot;Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙasar Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Maris, 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don &quot;tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take&quot;, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba&quot;.Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar &quot;kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba&quot;, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa &quot;Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙasar Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a shekara ta 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don &quot;tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take&quot;, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba&quot;.Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar &quot;kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba&quot;, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa &quot;Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙasar Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a shekara ta 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a shekarar 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don &quot;tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take&quot;, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin shekara ta 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba, Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar &quot;kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa &quot;Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wasikar kashe kansa ta FBI-King''' ko '''kunshin zamba''' wata wasika ce da ba a san ta ba a shekarar 1964 ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) wanda ake zargin an yi niyya ne don cin zarafin dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama na ƙasar Amurka da ministan Baptist [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] don kashe kansa.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1964, an kawo wani kunshin da ke dauke da wasikar da rikodin tef ɗin da ake zargin rashin hankali na jima'i na Sarki zuwa adireshin Sarki. Kodayake an rubuta wasikar ba tare da sunanta ba, Sarki ya yi zargin cewa FBI ta aiko da kunshin.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Matar Sarki Coretta Scott ta ce kaset ɗin sun ƙunshi kawai &quot;mumbo jumbo&quot;.{{Sfn|Dyson}}Wasikar ba ta bayyana daidai abin da mataki yake roƙon Sarki ya yi ba; Sarki ya fahimci wasikar don ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kashe kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt; kodayake wasu sun ba da shawarar gore yana roƙonsa ya ƙi Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya wanda aka ba shi a shekara ta 1964,  ko kuma ya fita daga jagoranci.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 8 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 1971, wata kungiya mai fafutuka da ake kira Citizens' Commission to Investigate FBI ta yi fashi da ofishin FBI a Media, Pennsylvania, kuma ta sace takardun sirri. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa wani aikin FBI na sirri da ake kira COINTELPRO . Daga baya aka aika wa jaridu da membobin Majalisa ta Amurka waɗannan takardun. A lokacin sauraron Kwamitin Ikilisiya da bincike a shekarar 1975, an gano kwafin &quot;wasikar kisan kai&quot; a cikin fayilolin aikin William C. Sullivan, mataimakin darektan FBI.{{Sfn|Powers|2004}}An ba da shawarar shi a matsayin marubucin.  {{Sfn|Powers|2004}}Da zarar an bayyana wanzuwar kaset na sa ido na Sarki a fili, Bernard Lee da Kungiyar Jagorancin Kirista ta Kudu (SCLC) sun shigar da kara don a lalata kaset daga wiretaps. Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta ki amincewa da bukatarsu na Alkalin Gundumar Columbia John Lewis Smith Jr. .&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt; Ya ba da umarnin a rufe dukkan kaset na tsawon shekaru 50 kuma an sanya su cikin National Archives and Records Administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Judge Orders&quot; /&gt;

Tun daga shekara ta 1977, an yi ƙoƙari don saki rikodin a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Sanata na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] Jesse Helms daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] a 1983 ya nemi bayyana bayanai game da Sarki don lalata kafa Martin Luther King Jr. Day .  Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection bill, wanda zai sanya fayilolin gwamnatin Sarki don tsinkaya na bayyanawa nan take, an gabatar da shi a Majalisa ta Wakilin Democrat Cynthia McKinney daga [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a shekarar 2002 da 2005, ta Sanata na Democrat [[John Kerry]] daga [[Massachusetts]] a 2006, kuma ta wakilin Jam'iyyar Democrat John Lewis daga Georgia a shekara ta 2010, amma ba ta wuce ta Majalisa ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}}

An gano cikakken wasikar a cikin fayilolin sirri na J. Edgar Hoover a National Archives a cikin shekara ta 2014 ta hanyar masanin tarihi Beverly Gage. Ba da daɗewa ba aka buga shi a cikin The New York Times, tare da sunan daya kawai da aka gyara saboda &quot;The Times ba zai iya tabbatarwa ko karyata da'awar game da ita ba, Gage ya lura cewa wasu har yanzu suna da'awar cewa manufar wasikar kawai ana nufin tura Sarki, ba sa ya kashe kansa ba, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa wani ɓangare na wasikar da aka gano ya nuna cewa FBI na son Sarki ya sauka ya bar wasu maza su jagoranci yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama, yana mai cewa Wani ɓangaren da aka gano na bayanin kula ya yaba wa 'tsoffin shugabannin' kamar darektan NAACP Roy Wilkins, yana roƙon Sarki ya tsaya a gefe kuma ya bar wasu mutane su jagoranci yukun kare hakkin bil &lt;ref name=&quot;Gage&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Mata a cikin Black na Wat Samian Nari</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345292514|Women in Black of Wat Samian Nari]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:วัดเสมียนนารี_เขตจตุจักร_กรุงเทพมหานคร_(21).jpg|thumb|250x250px| Wat Samian Nari, wurin da aka ruwaito cewa an ga Mata sanye da Baƙaƙe]]
'''Mata sanye da Baƙi na Wat Samian Nari''' wani tatsuniyar birni ce ta ƙasar Thailand wadda ke kewaye da fatalwowi na mata biyu sanye da baƙaƙe, waɗanda aka ce suna bayyana kusa da gaban Wat Samian Nari da ke [[Bangkok]] da daddare. Ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tatsuniyoyi na birane na zamani na Bangkok.

== Bayani ==
Tatsuniyar 'Mata Masu Baƙar Fata' ta fara yaɗuwa a shekarun 1990. Shaidu sun fi bayyana matan a matsayin kyawawan mutane sanye da baƙaƙe. Sau da yawa ana ganin su a yankunan dare na Bangkok, kamar RCA ko Ratchadaphisek, suna kiran taksi bayan tsakar dare suna neman a kai su Wat Samian Nari. A lokacin tafiyar, matan biyu za su yi shiru gaba ɗaya. Ba su taɓa yin magana da juna ba, sai suka zuba ido a kan gaba. Wasu direbobi daga baya sun yarda cewa sun ji ba daɗi, suna jin cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne. Wasu ma sun yi ƙoƙarin fara tattaunawa, amma matan ba su amsa ba.

Lokacin da taksin ya isa ƙofar haikalin, fasinjojin suka ɓace ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da an gano ko su waye ba. Cikin ruɗani da damuwa, wasu direbobi suka fito daga motocinsu, sai kawai abin da suka gani ya firgita su. Matan biyu suna rarrafe a kan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke wucewa ta wurin haikalin, jikinsu ya jike da jini kuma an yanke su biyu, suna jan kansu gaba cikin mummunan yanayi da baƙin ciki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Spruce |first=Tom |date=2021-10-25 |title=17 Bone-Chilling Spots In Thailand And Their Stories |url=https://tropicalwarehouse.co.uk/blog/2021/10/scariest-places-in-thailand/ |website=Tropicalwarehouse}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;r&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chanyanuch |title=ผีสาวชุดดำที่วัดเสมียนนารี |url=https://www.readawrite.com/c/f62d87d97890df347297018aec7ffae4 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=ReadAwrite |language=thai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambancin ===
Wasu daga cikin labaran sun yi iƙirarin cewa matan biyu 'yan'uwa mata ne sanye da baƙaƙen kaya domin suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa jana'izar mahaifiyarsu, amma sun mutu kafin su isa gare ta. Wasu kuma sun ce lokacin da wani direba ya sauke su, sai ya ga matan suna tsaye a wajen tagarsa, suna kallonsa da fuskokinsu masu launin fari da idanu masu ja kamar jini, da kuma kwararar jini masu duhu. Wani direban tasi ya ba da rahoton cewa ya taɓa karɓar kuɗin baht 50 a matsayin kuɗin tafiya, kuma matar ta ƙi karɓar wani canji. Washegari da safe, lokacin da ya buɗe walat ɗinsa, takardar kuɗin ta rikide ta zama ganye ba zato ba tsammani. &lt;ref name=&quot;ii&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=ตำนานผู้หญิงชุดดำสุดหลอน แห่งวัดเสมียนนารี |url=https://tna.mcot.net/tna-447279 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[MCOT]] |language=thai}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;r&quot; /&gt; 

Akwai kuma waɗanda suka dage cewa ko da mutum bai taɓa haɗuwa da bayyanar ba kai tsaye, abubuwa masu ban mamaki suna faruwa lokacin da yake wucewa a gaban Wat Samian Nari. Ko da a cikin hasken rana ko kuma a cikin dare, ana cewa injina suna fashewa ko kuma suna tsayawa ba tare da wani dalili ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;ii&quot; /&gt;

== An ruwaito abubuwan da aka gani ==
A shekarar 2005, wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''Horror Hour'', wanda aka watsa a tashar Channel 7, wanda Kanchai Kamnerdploy da Kapol Thongplub suka dauki nauyin shiryawa, ya nuna labarin Mata sanye da Bakar Wat Samian Nari. Shirin ya gayyaci direbobin tasi guda biyu waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa sun haɗu da matan da kansu. An zana zane-zane daga tunaninsu, inda aka nuna wata mace mai gajeren gashi da kuma wata mai dogon gashi. Direbobin sun tabbatar da cewa zane-zanen sun yi kama da abin da suka gani daidai da kashi 80 zuwa 90 cikin ɗari. Ɗaya daga cikin direbobin tasi ya damu ƙwarai da wannan abin da ya faru har ya daina sana'ar gaba ɗaya. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Itthipongmaetee |first=Chayanit |date=2016-10-31 |title=CUT INTO PIECES: THE HAUNTING OF WAT SAMIAN NARI |url=https://www.khaosodenglish.com/life/socialmedia/2016/10/31/cut-into-pieces-the-haunting-of-wat-samian-nari/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Khaosod}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;r&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shirin, an bayyana ƙarin bayani: matan 'yan'uwa mata ne masu suna Tipsuksri, masu suna Chulee da Sulee. Sun mutu a farkon shekarun 1990 bayan da jirgin kasa ya buge su a gaban Wat Samian Nari. Wannan bala'i ya yi matukar tayar da hankali har aka ruwaito shi a shafukan farko na jaridun yankin. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot; /&gt; 

Wani mutum da aka ruwaito ya haɗu da matan biyu shi ne Sutthipong Eiamsa-ard. Abin da ya fuskanta ya yi kama da na direbobin tasi guda biyu, amma ana kyautata zaton ya faru ne a kusan shekarar 2000. Wannan lamari ya ba shi mamaki sosai har ya suma sannan daga baya ya farka a asibiti. Tun bayan wannan lamari, Sutthipong ya sha fama da bugun zuciya mara tsari kuma dole ne ya dogara da magunguna. Ko a lokacin da shirin ya gabatar da labarinsa, har yanzu yana ƙarƙashin magani kuma ya dogara da maganin. A wani lamari daban, wani mutum ya tuna da mutuwar Wat Samian Nari wata dare a shekarar 1997. Yayin da ya tsayar da motarsa don ya huta a gefen hanya, sai kwatsam matarsa ta zo ta gaya masa ya waiwayi motarsu. Abin da ya firgita shi, ya ga mata biyu sanye da baƙaƙen kaya a tsaye kusa da motar, suna kallon ɗansu wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai a kujerar baya. Bayan ɗan lokaci, matan sun ɓace a gaban idanunsa, abin da ya bar masa wani abin mamaki da ba za a manta da shi ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot; /&gt; 

A watan Yunin 2024, Thairath Studio ta yi hira da Somkiat Sapchalerm, wani ɗan jarida daga Pathum Thani wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne farkon wanda ya yaɗa labarin Matan nan biyu sanye da Baƙaƙe. A lokacin, yana tukin tasi mai daddare a arewacin Bangkok, kusa da Chatuchak da Bang Sue . &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thairath Studio |date=2024-06-26 |title=“สาวชุดดำวัดเสมียนนารี&quot; กับคนต้นเรื่องที่ปลุกตำนานความสยอง |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n83RDAYAIN4&amp;t=8s |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=thai |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata rana da dare, ya ɗauki mata biyu sanye da baƙaƙen kaya. Su biyun sun shiga motar cikin shiru har ya firgita, bai ma san lokacin da abin ya faru ba, kuma cikin wannan shiru kasancewarsu ta ji kamar sun yi masa nauyi sosai. Matar mai dogon gashi ce kawai ta yi magana, tana furta kalmar &quot;Wat Samian&quot; a hankali don nuna inda za su je. Ta zauna a gaba kusa da shi, jikinta ya ɗan juya zuwa ga taga kuma fuskarta koyaushe tana kallonsa, ba ta taɓa canza matsayi a duk tsawon tafiyar ba, yayin da matar mai gajeren gashi ta zauna a baya a shiru, ba a iya ganinta kwata-kwata a madubin baya.

Kusa da haikalin, ya yi niyyar kada ya shiga, amma motar ta tsaya a gaban wurin ƙona gawawwakin. Mitar ta nuna kusan baht 30, sai matar mai dogon gashi ta ce &quot;30&quot;, ya yarda. Sai, duka biyun suka ɓace a ɓoye.

Bai san cewa ba mutane ba ne, sai ya tambayi wani dattijo da ke wucewa ko ya gan su. Mutumin ya amsa, &quot;Waɗannan 'yan mata biyu kuma &quot;Ka yafe musu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

A hankali Somkiat ta fahimci cewa matan biyu ba mutane ba ne washegari. Abokin tasi ɗinsa na rana ya ce ba shi da fasinjoji duk tsawon yini, amma wani direba ya ba da rahoton ganin matan suna zaune a cikin motar Somkiat duk tsawon yini. &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

Daga baya ya ba da labarin ta wayar tarho a wani shiri na rediyo mai farin jini wanda Kapol Thongplub ya shirya, inda ya sami amsoshi masu yawa. Saƙonni sun shigo kamar &quot;Labarin da ya fi ban tsoro a daren&quot; da kuma &quot;Ina wannan direban yake? Menene lambar motar?&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

Shekara guda bayan haka, bayan ya daina tukin tasi, ya koma aiki kuma ya kalli shirin, wanda ke tattaunawa kan lamarinsa. Ya kira saboda wani mutum, ma'aikacin kamfani, ya ba da rahoton irin wannan haɗuwa. Mai masaukin baki ya shirya tattaunawa ta hanyoyi uku, kuma Somkiat ta fahimci gaskiya: matan biyu ba 'yan'uwa mata ba ne amma abokai ne, sanye da baƙi don yin gaggawar kona saurayin matar mai dogon gashi. Sun hau babur tare, amma babur ɗin ya tsaya a kan layin jirgin ƙasa a daidai lokacin da jirgin ƙasa ke gabatowa, wanda ya kashe su nan take. &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

Dattijon da suka haɗu da shi ma bai da rai, amma magajin haikalin da ya mutu ne. Haɗuwar Somkiat ta faru ne a kusan shekarar 1992. &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

== Bincike ==
A shekarar 2020, tashar talabijin ta 9 MCOT HD ta binciki tatsuniyar mata masu sanye da baƙaƙe a Wat Samian Nari. Haikalin, wanda yake a Lat Yao, Chatuchak, arewacin Bangkok, ya wuce shekaru 100, tun zamanin Sarki [[Chulalongkorn|Rama na V.]] Akwai wani magudanar ruwa ta Khlong Prem Prachakon, sannan layin dogo na arewa da titin Kamphaeng Phet 6 suna wucewa a gaba. Da daddare, yankin yana da duhu sosai kuma shiru ne.

Wani direban tuk-tuk wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru goma yana aiki a yankin ya ce ya ji labarin amma bai taɓa ganin komai ba. An ruwaito cewa wani direban tasi ya ga wata mata sanye da bakar riga tana daga hannu don tafiya da daddare shekaru biyar da suka gabata, amma ta ɓace ba zato ba tsammani.

Malamin addinin Kirista, wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru 50 yana aiki, ya ce ya ji labarin tun lokacin da ya hau mulki shekaru 30 da suka gabata, amma shi da malaman addinin Kirista, da mazauna yankin ba su taba ganin komai ba. Yana ganin labarin kawai labari ne da aka ruwaito ta hanyar magana da baki . Duk da cewa hatsarin jirgin ƙasa a gaban haikalin ya faru, babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa akwai fatalwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;ii&quot; /&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, binciken da aka yi a cikin tarihin Khaosod tun daga shekarar 1997 ya nuna babu wani rahoto game da hatsarin jirgin ƙasa da ya kashe mata a rabi biyu a gaban haikalin. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot; /&gt;

== Duba ƙarin ==

* Mace cikin Baƙar fata
* Teke Teke
* Mai tafiya a ƙasa yana ɓacewa
* Mae Nak
* Jerin tatsuniyoyi na birane
* Jerin manyan titunan da aka ruwaito suna fuskantar barazanar tsaro
* Jerin wuraren da aka ruwaito cewa ana farautar masu yawon bude ido a Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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[[File:วัดเสมียนนารี_เขตจตุจักร_กรุงเทพมหานคร_(21).jpg|thumb|250x250px| Wat Samian Nari, wurin da aka ruwaito cewa an ga Mata sanye da Baƙaƙe]]
'''Mata sanye da Baƙi na Wat Samian Nari''' wani tatsuniyar birni ce ta ƙasar Thailand wadda ke kewaye da fatalwowi na mata biyu sanye da baƙaƙe, waɗanda aka ce suna bayyana kusa da gaban Wat Samian Nari da ke [[Bangkok]] da daddare. Ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tatsuniyoyi na birane na zamani na Bangkok.

== Bayani ==
Tatsuniyar 'Mata Masu Baƙar Fata' ta fara yaɗuwa a shekarun 1990. Shaidu sun fi bayyana matan a matsayin kyawawan mutane sanye da baƙaƙe. Sau da yawa ana ganin su a yankunan dare na Bangkok, kamar RCA ko Ratchadaphisek, suna kiran taksi bayan tsakar dare suna neman a kai su Wat Samian Nari. A lokacin tafiyar, matan biyu za su yi shiru gaba ɗaya. Ba su taɓa yin magana da juna ba, sai suka zuba ido a kan gaba. Wasu direbobi daga baya sun yarda cewa sun ji ba daɗi, suna jin cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne. Wasu ma sun yi ƙoƙarin fara tattaunawa, amma matan ba su amsa ba.

Lokacin da taksin ya isa ƙofar haikalin, fasinjojin suka ɓace ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da an gano ko su waye ba. Cikin ruɗani da damuwa, wasu direbobi suka fito daga motocinsu, sai kawai abin da suka gani ya firgita su. Matan biyu suna rarrafe a kan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke wucewa ta wurin haikalin, jikinsu ya jike da jini kuma an yanke su biyu, suna jan kansu gaba cikin mummunan yanayi da baƙin ciki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Spruce |first=Tom |date=2021-10-25 |title=17 Bone-Chilling Spots In Thailand And Their Stories |url=https://tropicalwarehouse.co.uk/blog/2021/10/scariest-places-in-thailand/ |website=Tropicalwarehouse}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;r&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chanyanuch |title=ผีสาวชุดดำที่วัดเสมียนนารี |url=https://www.readawrite.com/c/f62d87d97890df347297018aec7ffae4 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=ReadAwrite |language=thai}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambancin ===
Wasu daga cikin labaran sun yi iƙirarin cewa matan biyu 'yan'uwa mata ne sanye da baƙaƙen kaya domin suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa jana'izar mahaifiyarsu, amma sun mutu kafin su isa gare ta. Wasu kuma sun ce lokacin da wani direba ya sauke su, sai ya ga matan suna tsaye a wajen tagarsa, suna kallonsa da fuskokinsu masu launin fari da idanu masu ja kamar jini, da kuma kwararar jini masu duhu. Wani direban tasi ya ba da rahoton cewa ya taɓa karɓar kuɗin baht 50 a matsayin kuɗin tafiya, kuma matar ta ƙi karɓar wani canji. Washegari da safe, lokacin da ya buɗe walat ɗinsa, takardar kuɗin ta rikide ta zama ganye ba zato ba tsammani. &lt;ref name=&quot;ii&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=ตำนานผู้หญิงชุดดำสุดหลอน แห่งวัดเสมียนนารี |url=https://tna.mcot.net/tna-447279 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[MCOT]] |language=thai}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;r&quot; /&gt; 

Akwai kuma waɗanda suka dage cewa ko da mutum bai taɓa haɗuwa da bayyanar ba kai tsaye, abubuwa masu ban mamaki suna faruwa lokacin da yake wucewa a gaban Wat Samian Nari. Ko da a cikin hasken rana ko kuma a cikin dare, ana cewa injina suna fashewa ko kuma suna tsayawa ba tare da wani dalili ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;ii&quot; /&gt;

== An ruwaito abubuwan da aka gani ==
A shekarar 2005, wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''Horror Hour'', wanda aka watsa a tashar Channel 7, wanda Kanchai Kamnerdploy da Kapol Thongplub suka dauki nauyin shiryawa, ya nuna labarin Mata sanye da Bakar Wat Samian Nari. Shirin ya gayyaci direbobin tasi guda biyu waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa sun haɗu da matan da kansu. An zana zane-zane daga tunaninsu, inda aka nuna wata mace mai gajeren gashi da kuma wata mai dogon gashi. Direbobin sun tabbatar da cewa zane-zanen sun yi kama da abin da suka gani daidai da kashi 80 zuwa 90 cikin ɗari. Ɗaya daga cikin direbobin tasi ya damu ƙwarai da wannan abin da ya faru har ya daina sana'ar gaba ɗaya. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Itthipongmaetee |first=Chayanit |date=2016-10-31 |title=CUT INTO PIECES: THE HAUNTING OF WAT SAMIAN NARI |url=https://www.khaosodenglish.com/life/socialmedia/2016/10/31/cut-into-pieces-the-haunting-of-wat-samian-nari/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Khaosod}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;r&quot; /&gt;

A cikin shirin, an bayyana ƙarin bayani: matan 'yan'uwa mata ne masu suna Tipsuksri, masu suna Chulee da Sulee. Sun mutu a farkon shekarun 1990 bayan da jirgin kasa ya buge su a gaban Wat Samian Nari. Wannan bala'i ya yi matukar tayar da hankali har aka ruwaito shi a shafukan farko na jaridun yankin. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot; /&gt; 

Wani mutum da aka ruwaito ya haɗu da matan biyu shi ne Sutthipong Eiamsa-ard. Abin da ya fuskanta ya yi kama da na direbobin tasi guda biyu, amma ana kyautata zaton ya faru ne a kusan shekarar 2000. Wannan lamari ya ba shi mamaki sosai har ya suma sannan daga baya ya farka a asibiti. Tun bayan wannan lamari, Sutthipong ya sha fama da bugun zuciya mara tsari kuma dole ne ya dogara da magunguna. Ko a lokacin da shirin ya gabatar da labarinsa, har yanzu yana ƙarƙashin magani kuma ya dogara da maganin. A wani lamari daban, wani mutum ya tuna da mutuwar Wat Samian Nari wata dare a shekarar 1997. Yayin da ya tsayar da motarsa don ya huta a gefen hanya, sai kwatsam matarsa ta zo ta gaya masa ya waiwayi motarsu. Abin da ya firgita shi, ya ga mata biyu sanye da baƙaƙen kaya a tsaye kusa da motar, suna kallon ɗansu wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai a kujerar baya. Bayan ɗan lokaci, matan sun ɓace a gaban idanunsa, abin da ya bar masa wani abin mamaki da ba za a manta da shi ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot; /&gt; 

A watan Yunin 2024, Thairath Studio ta yi hira da Somkiat Sapchalerm, wani ɗan jarida daga Pathum Thani wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne farkon wanda ya yaɗa labarin Matan nan biyu sanye da Baƙaƙe. A lokacin, yana tukin tasi mai daddare a arewacin Bangkok, kusa da Chatuchak da Bang Sue . &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thairath Studio |date=2024-06-26 |title=“สาวชุดดำวัดเสมียนนารี&quot; กับคนต้นเรื่องที่ปลุกตำนานความสยอง |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n83RDAYAIN4&amp;t=8s |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=thai |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wata rana da dare, ya ɗauki mata biyu sanye da baƙaƙen kaya. Su biyun sun shiga motar cikin shiru har ya firgita, bai ma san lokacin da abin ya faru ba, kuma cikin wannan shiru kasancewarsu ta ji kamar sun yi masa nauyi sosai. Matar mai dogon gashi ce kawai ta yi magana, tana furta kalmar &quot;Wat Samian&quot; a hankali don nuna inda za su je. Ta zauna a gaba kusa da shi, jikinta ya ɗan juya zuwa ga taga kuma fuskarta koyaushe tana kallonsa, ba ta taɓa canza matsayi a duk tsawon tafiyar ba, yayin da matar mai gajeren gashi ta zauna a baya a shiru, ba a iya ganinta kwata-kwata a madubin baya.

Kusa da haikalin, ya yi niyyar kada ya shiga, amma motar ta tsaya a gaban wurin ƙona gawawwakin. Mitar ta nuna kusan baht 30, sai matar mai dogon gashi ta ce &quot;30&quot;, ya yarda. Sai, duka biyun suka ɓace a ɓoye.

Bai san cewa ba mutane ba ne, sai ya tambayi wani dattijo da ke wucewa ko ya gan su. Mutumin ya amsa, &quot;Waɗannan 'yan mata biyu kuma &quot;Ka yafe musu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

A hankali Somkiat ta fahimci cewa matan biyu ba mutane ba ne washegari. Abokin tasi ɗinsa na rana ya ce ba shi da fasinjoji duk tsawon yini, amma wani direba ya ba da rahoton ganin matan suna zaune a cikin motar Somkiat duk tsawon yini. &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

Daga baya ya ba da labarin ta wayar tarho a wani shiri na rediyo mai farin jini wanda Kapol Thongplub ya shirya, inda ya sami amsoshi masu yawa. Saƙonni sun shigo kamar &quot;Labarin da ya fi ban tsoro a daren&quot; da kuma &quot;Ina wannan direban yake? Menene lambar motar?&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

Shekara guda bayan haka, bayan ya daina tukin tasi, ya koma aiki kuma ya kalli shirin, wanda ke tattaunawa kan lamarinsa. Ya kira saboda wani mutum, ma'aikacin kamfani, ya ba da rahoton irin wannan haɗuwa. Mai masaukin baki ya shirya tattaunawa ta hanyoyi uku, kuma Somkiat ta fahimci gaskiya: matan biyu ba 'yan'uwa mata ba ne amma abokai ne, sanye da baƙi don yin gaggawar kona saurayin matar mai dogon gashi. Sun hau babur tare, amma babur ɗin ya tsaya a kan layin jirgin ƙasa a daidai lokacin da jirgin ƙasa ke gabatowa, wanda ya kashe su nan take. &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

Dattijon da suka haɗu da shi ma bai da rai, amma magajin haikalin da ya mutu ne. Haɗuwar Somkiat ta faru ne a kusan shekarar 1992. &lt;ref name=&quot;s&quot; /&gt;

== Bincike ==
A shekarar 2020, tashar talabijin ta 9 MCOT HD ta binciki tatsuniyar mata masu sanye da baƙaƙe a Wat Samian Nari. Haikalin, wanda yake a Lat Yao, Chatuchak, arewacin Bangkok, ya wuce shekaru 100, tun zamanin Sarki [[Chulalongkorn|Rama na V.]] Akwai wani magudanar ruwa ta Khlong Prem Prachakon, sannan layin dogo na arewa da titin Kamphaeng Phet 6 suna wucewa a gaba. Da daddare, yankin yana da duhu sosai kuma shiru ne.

Wani direban tuk-tuk wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru goma yana aiki a yankin ya ce ya ji labarin amma bai taɓa ganin komai ba. An ruwaito cewa wani direban tasi ya ga wata mata sanye da bakar riga tana daga hannu don tafiya da daddare shekaru biyar da suka gabata, amma ta ɓace ba zato ba tsammani.

Malamin addinin Kirista, wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru 50 yana aiki, ya ce ya ji labarin tun lokacin da ya hau mulki shekaru 30 da suka gabata, amma shi da malaman addinin Kirista, da mazauna yankin ba su taba ganin komai ba. Yana ganin labarin kawai labari ne da aka ruwaito ta hanyar magana da baki . Duk da cewa hatsarin jirgin ƙasa a gaban haikalin ya faru, babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa akwai fatalwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;ii&quot; /&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, binciken da aka yi a cikin tarihin Khaosod tun daga shekarar 1997 ya nuna babu wani rahoto game da hatsarin jirgin ƙasa da ya kashe mata a rabi biyu a gaban haikalin. &lt;ref name=&quot;o&quot; /&gt;

== Duba ƙarin ==

* Mace cikin Baƙar fata
* Teke Teke
* Mai tafiya a ƙasa yana ɓacewa
* Mae Nak
* Jerin tatsuniyoyi na birane
* Jerin manyan titunan da aka ruwaito suna fuskantar barazanar tsaro
* Jerin wuraren da aka ruwaito cewa ana farautar masu yawon bude ido a Thailand

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Sikeli na baya</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380514206|Dorsal scales]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:AB_053_Banded_Krait.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px|Sikeli na baya a kan wani banded krait, ''Bungarus fasciatus'']]
A cikin [[Maciji|macizai]], '''sikelin dorsal''' sune jerin farantin da ke kewaye da jiki, amma ba su haɗa da sikelin ventral ba.

Lokacin ƙidaya ma'auni na baya, ana ba da lambobi sau da yawa don maki uku a jikin mutum, misali 19:21:17. Wadannan lambobi sun dace da yawan ma'auni na dorsal a kusa da jiki a tsawon kai a bayan kai, a tsakiyar jiki((((((((When counting dorsal scales, numbers are often given for three points along the body, for example 19:21:17. These numbers correspond to the number of dorsal scales around the body at a head's length ))))))) da kuma tsawon kai a gaban iska. Idan an ba da lambar daya kawai, shine don ƙididdigar tsakiya.

Sikeli na baya sun fi sauƙi don ƙidaya a cikin layi, farawa da jere na sikelin paraventral. A yin haka, ana lura da cewa wasu layuka masu ma'auni suna ɗagawa, [[Sikeli mai laushi|keeled]] ko santsi ba kamar sauran ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USN91&quot;&gt;U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. United States Government. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Sikeli na maciji
* Yanayin jikin mutum na wuri

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi</comment>
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[[File:AB_053_Banded_Krait.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px|Sikeli na baya a kan wani banded krait, ''Bungarus fasciatus'']]
A cikin [[Maciji|macizai]], '''sikelin dorsal''' sune jerin farantin da ke kewaye da jiki, amma ba su haɗa da sikelin ventral ba.

Lokacin ƙidaya ma'auni na baya, ana ba da lambobi sau da yawa don maki uku a jikin mutum, misali 19:21:17. Wadannan lambobi sun dace da yawan ma'auni na dorsal a kusa da jiki a tsawon kai a bayan kai, a tsakiyar jiki da kuma tsawon kai a gaban iska. Idan an ba da lambar daya kawai, shine don ƙididdigar tsakiya.

Sikeli na baya sun fi sauƙi don ƙidaya a cikin layi, farawa da jere na sikelin paraventral. A yin haka, ana lura da cewa wasu layuka masu ma'auni suna ɗagawa, [[Sikeli mai laushi|keeled]] ko santsi ba kamar sauran ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USN91&quot;&gt;U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. United States Government. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Sikeli na maciji
* Yanayin jikin mutum na wuri

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380514206|Dorsal scales]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:AB_053_Banded_Krait.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px|Sikeli na baya a kan wani banded krait, ''Bungarus fasciatus'']]
A cikin [[Maciji|macizai]], '''sikelin dorsal''' sune jerin farantin da ke kewaye da jiki, amma ba su haɗa da sikelin ventral ba.

Lokacin ƙidaya ma'auni na baya, ana ba da lambobi sau da yawa don maki uku a jikin , misali 19:21:17. Wadannan lambobi sun dace da yawan ma'auni na dorsal a kusa da jiki a tsawon kai a bayan kai, a tsakiyar jiki da(((((are often given for three points along the body, for example 19:21:17. These numbers correspond to the number of dorsal)))))) kuma tsawon kai a gaban iska. Idan an ba da lambar daya kawai, shine don ƙididdigar tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&amp;L042&quot;&gt;[[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 2 volumes. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sikeli na baya sun fi sauƙi don ƙidaya a cikin layi, farawa da jere na sikelin paraventral. A yin haka, ana lura da cewa wasu layuka masu ma'auni suna ɗagawa, [[Sikeli mai laushi|keeled]] ko santsi ba kamar sauran ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USN91&quot;&gt;U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. United States Government. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Sikeli na maciji
* Yanayin jikin mutum na wuri

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
      <sha1>cd37iqp5b5y9r8y38kzbzn9m1pe3z8v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971306</id>
      <parentid>971305</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:59:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>SaadatuAliyu5484</username>
        <id>48956</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi</comment>
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[[File:AB_053_Banded_Krait.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px|Sikeli na baya a kan wani banded krait, ''Bungarus fasciatus'']]
A cikin [[Maciji|macizai]], '''sikelin dorsal''' sune jerin farantin da ke kewaye da jiki, amma ba su haɗa da sikelin ventral ba.

Lokacin ƙidaya ma'auni na baya, ana ba da lambobi sau da yawa don maki uku a jikin , misali 19:21:17. Wadannan lambobi sun dace da yawan ma'auni na dorsal a kusa da jiki a tsawon kai a bayan kai, a tsakiyar jiki da kuma tsawon kai a gaban iska. Idan an ba da lambar daya kawai, shine don ƙididdigar tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&amp;L042&quot;&gt;[[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 2 volumes. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sikeli na baya sun fi sauƙi don ƙidaya a cikin layi, farawa da jere na sikelin paraventral. A yin haka, ana lura da cewa wasu layuka masu ma'auni suna ɗagawa, [[Sikeli mai laushi|keeled]] ko santsi ba kamar sauran ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;USN91&quot;&gt;U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. United States Government. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Sikeli na maciji
* Yanayin jikin mutum na wuri

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
      <sha1>ouu25gp4arz220ipbq4k99ldjogf3tn</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gundumar Chicualacuala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179955</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971277</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:04:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375476009|Chicualacuala District]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4169" sha1="9i53v3sfyvh0jjb72haawiisucfe55a" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Gundumar Chicualacuala''' ([[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]]) wani yanki ne na Lardin Gaza a kudu maso yammacin [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . Yana da yawan mutane 41,638 () kuma yana rufe murabba'in kilomita 18,155 (7,010 mi2). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Perfil do Distrito do Chicualacuala |url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2954/23822/version/1/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |access-date=24 October 2016 |publisher=Ministry of State Administration |language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawan jama'a na Gundumar Chicualacuala mazauna 2.1 a kowace murabba'in kilomita, ƙasa da matsakaicin 17.5 a Lardin Gaza.

Gundumar ita ce garin Chicualacuala . 

Gundumar Chicuacuala tana da iyaka zuwa arewa da Gundumar Massangena, zuwa gabas da Gunduma ta Chigubo, zuwa kudu maso yamma da Gundumar Mabalane, zuwa kudu da Gundumar Massingir, zuwa kudu yamma da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma zuwa arewa maso yamma da [[Zimbabwe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt; Gida ce ga ƙauyuka da yawa a gefen [[Kogin Limpopo]] ciki har da Dumela, Mbuzi, Kunguma, Mawene, Xicumba, Xicumbane, Ngala, Panhame, Mabuzane, da Xitshutswini.

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Dukan gundumar tana cikin kwandon ruwa na Limpopo, kuma Kogin Limpopo yana gudana ta cikin gundumar. Sauran manyan koguna a cikin gundumar sune [[Kogin Mwenezi|Kogin Nuanetzi]], [[Chefu River|Kogin Chefu]], [[Munene River|Kogin Munene]], da [[Singuédzi River|Kogin Singuédzi]] . Wannan na ƙarshe ya sanya iyaka da Gundumar Massingir . &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi da kuma rabin busasshiyar, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara wanda ya bambanta tsakanin 500 millimeters (20 in) da 800 millimeters (31 in). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

Gidan shakatawa na Banhine, wani ɓangare na Babban Gidan shakata na Limpopo, an raba shi tsakanin Gundumar Chigubo, Chicualacuala, da Mabalane. Yankin wurin shakatawa a cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala yana da murabba'in kilomita ,400 (930 mi2). [[Gidan shakatawa na Limpopo]], wanda kuma yana daga cikin Babban Gidan shakata na Limpope, an raba shi tsakanin Gundumar Massingir, Chicualacuala, da Mabalane. Yankin wurin shakatawa a cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala yana da murabba'in kilomita 6,400 (,500 mi2). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile_mabalane&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Perfil do Distrito de Mabalane |url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2960/23852/version/1/file/Mabalane.pdf |access-date=25 October 2016 |publisher=Ministry of State Administration |language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yawan jama'a ==
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, kashi 47% na yawan mutanen gundumar ba su kai shekaru 15 ba. Kashi 25% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Portuguese. Harshen da aka fi sani da shi a cikin jama'a shine [[Harshen Tsonga|Tsonga]]. 69% sun kasance analphabetic, galibi mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

== Rarrabawar gudanarwa ==
Gundumar ta kasu kashi uku, Chicualacuala (birane uku), Mapai (birane huɗu), da [[Pafuri, Mozambique|Pafuri]] (birane biyu). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

* Chicualacuala:
** [[Vila Eduardo Mondlane]]
** [[Chicualacuala B]]
** [[Litlatlha]]
** [[Mahatlane]]
* Taswirar:
** [[Chidulo]]
** [[16 de Junho (Mozambique)|16 ga Yuni]]
** [[M'Ponze]]
** [[Mapai-Rio|Taswirar Ruwa]]
* [[Pafuri, Mozambique|Pafuri]]:
** [[Mbuzi]]
** [[Mungumbane]]

== Tattalin Arziki ==

=== Aikin noma ===
A cikin gundumar, akwai gonaki 6,000, tare da kashi 60% da ke amfa da ƙasa da hekta 2 (0.0077 mi2) na ƙasa. Babban kayan aikin gona sune masara, [[Rogo|cassava]], cowpea, man shanu, da dankali mai zaki. Yawan shanu, aladu, tumaki, da awaki suna ci gaba da girma kafin shekara ta 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

=== Sufuri ===
Akwai hanyar sadarwa a cikin gundumar wanda ya haɗa da hanyar ƙasa ta EN340 zuwa Chokwe, da kuma kilomita 268 (167  na hanyoyi na biyu. [[Limpopo Railroad|Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Limpopo]] (Kudancin Tsarin) tana ratsa gundumar.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|22|05|S|31|41|E|region:MZ_type:adm1st}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>971279</id>
      <parentid>971277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:05:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971279</origin>
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      <text bytes="4025" sha1="sqg4agtj8dgv5nd9dhsuhz1fsgj7uyu" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Gundumar Chicualacuala''' ([[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]]) wani yanki ne na Lardin Gaza a kudu maso yammacin [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . Yana da yawan mutane 41,638 () kuma yana rufe murabba'in kilomita 18,155 (7,010 mi2). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Perfil do Distrito do Chicualacuala |url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2954/23822/version/1/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |access-date=24 October 2016 |publisher=Ministry of State Administration |language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawan jama'a na Gundumar Chicualacuala mazauna 2.1 a kowace murabba'in kilomita, ƙasa da matsakaicin 17.5 a Lardin Gaza.

Gundumar ita ce garin Chicualacuala . 

Gundumar Chicuacuala tana da iyaka zuwa arewa da Gundumar Massangena, zuwa gabas da Gunduma ta Chigubo, zuwa kudu maso yamma da Gundumar Mabalane, zuwa kudu da Gundumar Massingir, zuwa kudu yamma da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma zuwa arewa maso yamma da [[Zimbabwe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt; Gida ce ga ƙauyuka da yawa a gefen [[Kogin Limpopo]] ciki har da Dumela, Mbuzi, Kunguma, Mawene, Xicumba, Xicumbane, Ngala, Panhame, Mabuzane, da Xitshutswini.

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Dukan gundumar tana cikin kwandon ruwa na Limpopo, kuma Kogin Limpopo yana gudana ta cikin gundumar. Sauran manyan koguna a cikin gundumar sune [[Kogin Mwenezi|Kogin Nuanetzi]], [[Chefu River|Kogin Chefu]], [[Munene River|Kogin Munene]], da [[Singuédzi River|Kogin Singuédzi]] . Wannan na ƙarshe ya sanya iyaka da Gundumar Massingir . &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi da kuma rabin busasshiyar, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara wanda ya bambanta tsakanin 500 millimeters (20 in) da 800 millimeters (31 in). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

Gidan shakatawa na Banhine, wani ɓangare na Babban Gidan shakata na Limpopo, an raba shi tsakanin Gundumar Chigubo, Chicualacuala, da Mabalane. Yankin wurin shakatawa a cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala yana da murabba'in kilomita ,400 (930 mi2). [[Gidan shakatawa na Limpopo]], wanda kuma yana daga cikin Babban Gidan shakata na Limpope, an raba shi tsakanin Gundumar Massingir, Chicualacuala, da Mabalane. Yankin wurin shakatawa a cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala yana da murabba'in kilomita 6,400 (,500 mi2). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile_mabalane&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Perfil do Distrito de Mabalane |url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2960/23852/version/1/file/Mabalane.pdf |access-date=25 October 2016 |publisher=Ministry of State Administration |language=Portuguese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yawan jama'a ==
Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, kashi 47% na yawan mutanen gundumar ba su kai shekaru 15 ba. Kashi 25% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Portuguese. Harshen da aka fi sani da shi a cikin jama'a shine [[Harshen Tsonga|Tsonga]]. 69% sun kasance analphabetic, galibi mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

== Rarrabawar gudanarwa ==
Gundumar ta kasu kashi uku, Chicualacuala (birane uku), Mapai (birane huɗu), da [[Pafuri, Mozambique|Pafuri]] (birane biyu). &lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

* Chicualacuala:
** [[Vila Eduardo Mondlane]]
** [[Chicualacuala B]]
** [[Litlatlha]]
** [[Mahatlane]]
* Taswirar:
** [[Chidulo]]
** [[16 de Junho (Mozambique)|16 ga Yuni]]
** [[M'Ponze]]
** [[Mapai-Rio|Taswirar Ruwa]]
* [[Pafuri, Mozambique|Pafuri]]:
** [[Mbuzi]]
** [[Mungumbane]]

== Tattalin Arziki ==

=== Aikin noma ===
A cikin gundumar, akwai gonaki 6,000, tare da kashi 60% da ke amfa da ƙasa da hekta 2 (0.0077 mi2) na ƙasa. Babban kayan aikin gona sune masara, [[Rogo|cassava]], cowpea, man shanu, da dankali mai zaki. Yawan shanu, aladu, tumaki, da awaki suna ci gaba da girma kafin shekara ta 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

=== Sufuri ===
Akwai hanyar sadarwa a cikin gundumar wanda ya haɗa da hanyar ƙasa ta EN340 zuwa Chokwe, da kuma kilomita 268 (167  na hanyoyi na biyu. [[Limpopo Railroad|Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Limpopo]] (Kudancin Tsarin) tana ratsa gundumar.&lt;ref name=&quot;profile&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|22|05|S|31|41|E|region:MZ_type:adm1st}}</text>
      <sha1>sqg4agtj8dgv5nd9dhsuhz1fsgj7uyu</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amezketa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179956</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971282</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:12:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374622498|Amezketa]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971282</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="668" sha1="l2tlb9tiznoxnkerqpacllwk4cw7p6i" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Amezketa''' (Spanish ''Amézqueta'') wani gari ne da ke cikin lardin Gipuzkoa, a cikin Basque Autonomous Community, a Arewacin [[Ispaniya|Spain]] . Tana ƙarƙashin Txindoki .

== Manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* Bayanan [https://web.archive.org/web/20060420153730/http://www.gipuzkoa.net/amezketa/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] suna samuwa a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]] da Basque.
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&amp;op=7&amp;voz=AMEZKETA AMEZKETA a cikin Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] Bayani da ke samuwa a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]</text>
      <sha1>l2tlb9tiznoxnkerqpacllwk4cw7p6i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971284</id>
      <parentid>971282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T08:12:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971284</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="620" sha1="akty2aaybzdo4dn090xr3cxvgd02t28" xml:space="preserve">'''Amezketa''' (Spanish ''Amézqueta'') wani gari ne da ke cikin lardin Gipuzkoa, a cikin Basque Autonomous Community, a Arewacin [[Ispaniya|Spain]] . Tana ƙarƙashin Txindoki .

== Manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* Bayanan [https://web.archive.org/web/20060420153730/http://www.gipuzkoa.net/amezketa/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] suna samuwa a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]] da Basque.
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&amp;op=7&amp;voz=AMEZKETA AMEZKETA a cikin Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] Bayani da ke samuwa a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]</text>
      <sha1>akty2aaybzdo4dn090xr3cxvgd02t28</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971321</id>
      <parentid>971284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T09:05:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971321</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="632" sha1="heraoigvhgrastphqiz1lll2ld9o6zg" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Amezketa''' (Spanish ''Amézqueta'') wani gari ne da ke cikin lardin Gipuzkoa, a cikin Basque Autonomous Community, a Arewacin [[Ispaniya|Spain]] . Tana ƙarƙashin Txindoki .

== Manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* Bayanan [https://web.archive.org/web/20060420153730/http://www.gipuzkoa.net/amezketa/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] suna samuwa a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]] da Basque.
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&amp;op=7&amp;voz=AMEZKETA AMEZKETA a cikin Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] Bayani da ke samuwa a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]</text>
      <sha1>heraoigvhgrastphqiz1lll2ld9o6zg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patumbak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179957</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971330</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:06:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381559750|Patumbak]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971330</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3282" sha1="j5k0xxhm20dvfymxog3q1tjuekdzceo" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010  da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;  ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>j5k0xxhm20dvfymxog3q1tjuekdzceo</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>971331</id>
      <parentid>971330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971331</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3120" sha1="gv8i1f4njt42peypmkvz30gccgt4bil" xml:space="preserve">'''Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010  da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;  ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>gv8i1f4njt42peypmkvz30gccgt4bil</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971332</id>
      <parentid>971331</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:11:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971332</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3167" sha1="4g0uuiglzmsb0va9dwk19s813ccndk1" xml:space="preserve">'''Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010 &lt;ref&gt;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;  ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>4g0uuiglzmsb0va9dwk19s813ccndk1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971333</id>
      <parentid>971332</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:12:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971333</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3216" sha1="b73z543a49hslv80wa7ah5f63prwy71" xml:space="preserve">'''Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010 &lt;ref&gt;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;&lt;ref&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;   ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>b73z543a49hslv80wa7ah5f63prwy71</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971334</id>
      <parentid>971333</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:12:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3228" sha1="ii0ndl36tcb6yu3ha0l6b6mip6jylal" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010 &lt;ref&gt;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;&lt;ref&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;   ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>ii0ndl36tcb6yu3ha0l6b6mip6jylal</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971335</id>
      <parentid>971334</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:13:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971335</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3393" sha1="pwwq27999xf3ozgyw4sih7d090b6odq" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010 &lt;ref&gt;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;&lt;ref&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;   ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,&lt;ref name=&quot;Badan Pusat Statistik 2025&quot;&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2025, ''Kecamatan Patumbak Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1212210.&lt;/ref&gt;  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>pwwq27999xf3ozgyw4sih7d090b6odq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971336</id>
      <parentid>971335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:14:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971336</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3558" sha1="qzby81x7w5q3fr0rft7th3gsdijdywo" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Patumbak''' wani gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa a cikin Deli Serdang Regency na lardin North Sumatra na Indonesia . Ya mamaye yanki na  kilomita 43.54 (16.81 sq , kuma yana da yawan mutane 88,961 a ƙidayar 2010 &lt;ref&gt;Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; da 97,994 a ƙidaya ta 2020;&lt;ref&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;   ƙididdigar hukuma ta tsakiyar 2024 ta kasance 106,762, wanda ya ƙunshi maza 53,802 da mata 52,960.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Badan Pusat Statistik 2025&quot;&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2025, ''Kecamatan Patumbak Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1212210.&lt;/ref&gt;Yana kwance nan da nan a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Medan]], wanda ya kasance wani yanki ne. Gundumar ta ƙunshi &quot;ƙauyuka&quot; na gudanarwa guda takwas, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa tare da yankunansu da yawan su a Ƙididdigar 2020 kuma kamar yadda aka kiyasta a tsakiyar 2024,&lt;ref name=&quot;Badan Pusat Statistik 2025&quot;&gt;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2025, ''Kecamatan Patumbak Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1212210.&lt;/ref&gt;  dukansu suna da matsayin desa kuma suna raba lambar gidan waya ta 20361.
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
!KodeWilayah&lt;br /&gt;
!Sunan
!Yankin a cikin km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Ƙididdigar Jama'a2020&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
!Yawan jama'a Ƙididdigar 2024&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|12.07.21.2002
|Patumbak I (Patumbak Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.21
| align=&quot;right&quot; |7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,086
|-
|12.07.21.2001
|Lantasan Baru
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.50
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,595
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2,868
|-
|12.07.21.2004
|Lantasan Lama
| align=&quot;right&quot; |3.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5,205
|-
|12.07.21.2003
|Patumbak II (Patumbak Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |10.41
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,655
| align=&quot;right&quot; |9,142
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin kudu''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''21.53''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22,605''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''25,301''
|-
|12.07.21.2005
|Sigara Gara
| align=&quot;right&quot; |4.62
| align=&quot;right&quot; |11,532
| align=&quot;right&quot; |13,119
|-
|12.07.21.2006
|Marendal I (Marendal Satu) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8.96
| align=&quot;right&quot; |30,419
| align=&quot;right&quot; |33,791
|-
|12.07.21.2008
|Patumbak Kampung
| align=&quot;right&quot; |2.63
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,674
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,139
|-
|12.07.21.2007
|Marendal na II (Marendal Dua) &lt;br /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |5.81
| align=&quot;right&quot; |16,764
| align=&quot;right&quot; |17,412
|-
|''Ƙananan ƙididdiga''
|''Rabin arewa''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''22.02''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''75,389''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''81,461''
|-
|12.07.21
|''Cikakken''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''43.54''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''97,994''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |''106,762''
|}
Hudu na farko daga cikin wadannan desa suna cikin rabin kudancin gundumar, kuma hudu na ƙarshe suna cikin rabin arewa da ke da yawan jama'a. Wani bangare na Marendal Dua desa yanki ne na arewacin gundumar, wanda wani bangare na birnin Medan ya raba shi

Yanayin yanayi a Deli Tua yana da zafi kuma yana da hazo, tare da kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 74 zuwa 90 Fahrenheit (~ 23 zuwa ~ 32 Celsius). Watan da ke da mafi ƙarancin yanayi a matsakaici shine Fabrairu, kuma akasin haka watan da aka fi rufewa shine Oktoba. Lokacin rigar a Deli Tua yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, lokacin fari shine sauran watanni. A watan Oktoba garin yana ganin kusan. 10 inci na ruwan sama. Matsayin zafi ya kasance a kusan 100% a duk shekara. Hasken rana a Deli Tua ya kasance daidai, kusan awanni 12 a rana don mafi yawan shekara.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://weatherspark.com/y/112745/Average-Weather-in-Deli-Tua-Indonesia-Year-Round]</text>
      <sha1>qzby81x7w5q3fr0rft7th3gsdijdywo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Royal FM</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179958</id>
    <revision>
      <id>971340</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:38:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343252344|Royal FM]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>971340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="707" sha1="28ma5v1i6e9ebzx6simk76wzmr8l6sw" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Royal FM''' (95.1 MHz) tashar rediyo ce a Jihar [[Ilorin]] Kwara, Najeriya .&amp;nbsp;

Gbenga Adebayo, injiniyan sadarwa ne ya kafa shi a cikin 2011 kuma ya watsa shi a kan layi kafin ya sami amincewar ƙarshe don aikin FM daga baya a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=About Royal FM |url=http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222054331/http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website|https://royalfm.net/}}</text>
      <sha1>28ma5v1i6e9ebzx6simk76wzmr8l6sw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971342</id>
      <parentid>971340</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:50:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971342</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="605" sha1="qmu8mxpuqqia3iux0z4h3isz0riaah1" xml:space="preserve">'''Royal FM''' (95.1 MHz) tashar rediyo ce a Jihar [[Ilorin]] Kwara, Najeriya .&amp;nbsp;

Gbenga Adebayo, injiniyan sadarwa ne ya kafa shi a cikin 2011 kuma ya watsa shi a kan layi kafin ya sami amincewar ƙarshe don aikin FM daga baya a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=About Royal FM |url=http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222054331/http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=22 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website|https://royalfm.net/}}</text>
      <sha1>qmu8mxpuqqia3iux0z4h3isz0riaah1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971343</id>
      <parentid>971342</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:52:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971343</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="890" sha1="nm5ycqerx8a4j478jg4srfsq7p3lawe" xml:space="preserve">'''Royal FM''' (95.1 MHz) tashar rediyo ce a Jihar [[Ilorin]] Kwara, Najeriya .&amp;nbsp;

Gbenga Adebayo, injiniyan sadarwa ne ya kafa shi a cikin 2011 kuma ya watsa shi a kan layi kafin ya sami amincewar ƙarshe don aikin FM daga baya a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2011-02-22 |title=Digital Internet/FM station debuts in Ilorin |language=en-US |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/02/digital-internetfm-station-debuts-in-ilorin/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-10|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Royal FM |date=8 March 2012 |url=http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |accessdate=22 February 2020 |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222054331/http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website|https://royalfm.net/}}</text>
      <sha1>nm5ycqerx8a4j478jg4srfsq7p3lawe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>971344</id>
      <parentid>971343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T10:53:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>971344</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="902" sha1="9fg77uowjatyz742aap1mvrfcg3r682" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Royal FM''' (95.1 MHz) tashar rediyo ce a Jihar [[Ilorin]] Kwara, Najeriya .&amp;nbsp;

Gbenga Adebayo, injiniyan sadarwa ne ya kafa shi a cikin 2011 kuma ya watsa shi a kan layi kafin ya sami amincewar ƙarshe don aikin FM daga baya a wannan shekarar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2011-02-22 |title=Digital Internet/FM station debuts in Ilorin |language=en-US |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/02/digital-internetfm-station-debuts-in-ilorin/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-04-10|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Royal FM |date=8 March 2012 |url=http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |accessdate=22 February 2020 |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222054331/http://royalfm.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website|https://royalfm.net/}}</text>
      <sha1>9fg77uowjatyz742aap1mvrfcg3r682</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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